“广东在逃虾饺”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了8篇百年孤独简介，下面是小编帮大家整理后的百年孤独简介，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。
篇1：百年孤独简介
《百年孤独》，是哥伦比亚作家加西亚·马尔克斯创作的长篇小说，是其代表作，也是拉丁美洲魔幻现实主义文学的代表作，被誉为“再现拉丁美洲历史社会图景的鸿篇巨著”。
作品描写了布恩迪亚家族七代人的传奇故事，以及加勒比海沿岸小镇马孔多的百年兴衰，反映了拉丁美洲一个世纪以来风云变幻的历史。作品融入神话传说、民间故事、宗教典故等神秘因素，巧妙地糅合了现实与虚幻，展现出一个瑰丽的想象世界，成为20世纪重要的经典文学巨著之一。
创作背景
从1830年至19世纪末的70年间，哥伦比亚爆发过几十次内战，使数十万人丧生。该书以很大的篇幅描述了这方面的史实，并且通过书中主人公带有传奇色彩的生涯集中表现出来。政客们的虚伪，统治者们的残忍，民众的盲从和愚昧等等都写得淋漓尽致。
作者简介
作者简介：加夫列尔·加西亚·马尔克斯（Gabriel Joséde la Concordia García Márquez，1927年3月6日－4月17日），是哥伦比亚作家、记者和社会活动家，拉丁美洲魔幻现实主义文学的代表人物，20世纪最有影响力的作家之一，1982年诺贝尔文学奖得主。作为一个天才的、赢得广泛赞誉的小说家，被誉为“二十世纪文学标杆”，加西亚·马尔克斯将现实主义与幻想结合起来，创造了一部风云变幻的哥伦比亚和整个南美大陆的神话般的历史。代表作有《百年孤独》、《霍乱时期的爱情》等。
篇2：百年孤独英文版简介
“Centennial loneliness” is the representative of the Colombian writer Garcia Marquez, but also Latin American magic realist literature masterpiece, known as “the reproduction of Latin American history and social picture of the great masterpiece.” The works depict the legend of the seven generations of the Bournemia family and the centuries of decline in the Caribbean town of Macondo, reflecting the ever-changing history of Latin America over the centuries. Works into the myths and legends, folk tales, religious allusions and other mysterious factors, cleverly blend of reality and fantasy, showing a magnificent imagination of the world, become the 20th century, one of the most important classic literary masterpiece.
篇3：百年孤独英文版简介
Family first generation
José Alcatio Bundia is a descendant of the Spaniards, living in an Indian village away from the beach.
When he was married to Ursula, he was afraid to wear a long tail child like aunt and his uncle, and Ursula was wearing a special tights every night and refused to interced with her husband, so he was ridiculed by the villagers. José Alcatio Bunndia killed a Prussian de Achilar after a cockroition victory. Since then, the ghost of the dead often appear in his eyes. Ghosts that painful and desolate eyes, so that he can not peace day and night. So Jose Alcatio Bundia family with friends and their families to leave the village, go out to find shelter, after more than two years of trek, came to a beach, due to the dream of the decision to settle Down, the establishment of villages and towns, which is Ma Kondo. The history of the Bournemia family began in the history of Macondo. José Alcatio Bournemia is a very creative person. He saw the magnets from the Gypsies, and wanted to use it to mine the gold; see the magnifying glass focus on the sun, and try to develop a powerful weapon; get the spectator and six points from the gypsies Instrument, through experiments to recognize that “the earth is round, like oranges.” He is dissatisfied with his backward life. He complained to his wife, “There are incredible things happening in the world, next to us, there are many kinds of magical machines on the other side of the river, but we still live here like a donkey.” Because the horseshoe hidden in the wide swamp, isolated. He was determined to open up a path to connect Ma Kondo with the great inventions of the outside world. He took a gang of people overcoming more than two weeks, but failed to end. He said painfully: “Let us no longer go anywhere, we will live here rotten, can not enjoy the benefits of science.” Later he was obsessed with alchemy and kept himself in the lab all day. Because of his spiritual world and Ma Kondo narrow, backward, conservative reality out of tune, he fell into loneliness can not extricate themselves, so that mental disorders, was tied to a tree family, a few decades later in the tree On the dead. Ursula became the pillar of the family, died between the ages of 115 to 122 years old.
Family second generation
The second generation of the Bournemia family was two men and one woman: the boss José Alcatio was born on the way to Macondo, who grew up on the road, as stubborn as his father, but without his father The imagination; he and a woman named Pilal Ternera pass, with a child, but in a gypsy to Ma Kondo performance with a gypsy girl in love, so he chose And then he came back, but the temperament of uncertainty. Finally, regardless of family opposition, and Rebecca married, but was driven out of the house, and finally shot at home.
The second older Oregory was born in the Macon, in the mother's belly will cry, with open eyes, born with early foreshadowing ability, juvenile like a father as taciturn, all day buried in his father's laboratory Do little goldfish. Grew up and fell in love with Ma Kondo Liqian daughter young Lei Mei Dai Si, before that, he and his brother's lover had a son, named Aureliano Jose. His beautiful wife with twins was killed by Amaranta. Later he participated in the civil war, when the colonel. He suffered 14 assassinations, 73 ambush and a shooting, all survived, when he realized that the war is meaningless, they signed a peace treaty with the government to stop the war, and then aimed at the heart of the shot But he was miraculously survived. And 17 foreign women cohabitation, gave birth to 17 boys. These boys later invariably back to the Macon more roots, but was killed, a week later, only the boss survived. Aureliano old home, daily alchemy for small goldfish, do two every day, when 25 will be put into the crucible melting, to do it again. He lived like a father, isolated, lonely, until death.
The third is the daughter of Amaranta, fell in love with the Italian piano technician Pietro, in the rival Rebecca to abandon the Italian and Jose Alcatio after marriage with the Italians, but refused to marry with the Italians , The Italians committed suicide. Because of regret, she deliberately burned a hand, life with a black bandage wrapped around, determined never married. But she felt unusually lonely, depressed, and even just adult nephews together, want to use this as a “temporary treatment of treatment.” However, she has always been unable to get rid of the inner loneliness, she put herself in the room all day sewing clothes, sewn, split, until the last moment of life.
The third generation of the family
The third generation was only the son of José Alcatiano, Alcatio and the son of Ore Regiano, Ore Regio Jose. The former do not know who for the mother, actually frantically love his mother, almost lead to a big mistake. But by the introduction of the mother, fell in love with the Sauta Sophia de la Pieta, and later became the Ma Gangduo never had the tyrant, corrupt, and finally the conservative army shot. The latter is too mature, love their own aunt Amaranda, because can not be satisfied and into loneliness, so join the army. After entering the army is still unable to distract the aunt's love, they went to seek prostitutes to seek comfort, in order to get rid of loneliness, and ultimately died in the chaos.
Fourth generation of family
The fourth generation is Alcatelio and his wife Sanda Sophia de la Pieda gave birth to a woman and two men. Daughter of the beautiful children Lei Mei Daisi charming, exudes a disturbing smell, this smell had a few men put to death. She did not wear clothes, set a bag, but do not want to waste time on the clothes. This unique girl thing hole clear, alright outside, and finally magically clinging to a white bed of the wind away, forever disappeared in the air.
Her two younger brother Alcatiano II and Ore Regiano are the second twins. Alcazio second in the banana company run by the Americans when the supervisor, to encourage workers to strike, to become a labor leader. Later, he led more than three thousand workers strike, was the suppression of military and police, more than three thousand people only one person spared. He witnessed the government with the train to the workers' bodies transported to the sea thrown into the sea, and through the radio announced the workers temporarily transferred to work elsewhere. Alcázio said that the massacre he had witnessed revealed the truth, and that he was considered unconscious. He was so disappointed that he kept himself in the house and studied the ruffian manuscripts left by the Roma, and stayed in the room until he died.
Aurelianuo second no proper career, all day long indulge in wine, abandoned his wife Fernando disregard, in the mistress Petra home sixty. The strange thing is that whenever he lives with his mistress, his family's livestock breeds quickly and gives him wealth, and once returned to his wife, He and his wife had two women and a man, and finally in the pain with Alcatelia second died at the same time, from birth to death, people have not recognized who their brothers and children who is who.
Fifth generation of family
The fifth generation of the Bournemia family is the second female and female of Ore Riano, the eldest son of José Alcatio, who was sent to the Roman seminary to study, and the mother wanted him to be a bishop, But he was not interested in it, but for the imaginary heritage, only to deceive his mother said he was studying at the seminary. After the mother died, he went home by the seller industry for a living. After the discovery of Ursula hidden in the cellar of more than 7,000 gold coins, from living a more debauchery life, and soon was robbed of gold coins criminals to kill.
Eldest daughter Reina Terry Dai (silk) fell in love with the banana company garage mechanic Ma Uli Xiao Babylon, the mother forbids them from, they had to secretly meet in the bathroom, the mother found her daughter to go out And asked the bodyguard to keep at home. Ma Uli Shaw Babylon climbed the roof of the plum home, the result was a bodyguard hit the back, all day sick in bed, was as a stealing chicken thief, lonely old age. Meimei despair. Her mother that the family is not Yang, will be pregnant with her sent to the monastery, life without a word made.
The little daughter, Amalanda Ursula, went to school in Brussels early years, where she met with the pilot Garthone, and returned to Mecondo to see a wither and determined to reorganize her home. She is vibrant and energetic, and her home is new in just three months. Her arrival, so that the emergence of a most special people, her mood is better than the family of people, she wanted all the stereotypes into the eighteen layers of hell. She decided to settle down to save the disaster of the villages and towns.
Family sixth generation
The sixth generation of the Bournemia home is the bastard of Omei, He grew up in loneliness after he was born. His only hobby is to hide all kinds of mysterious books and manuscripts in the room of the Gypsy Mercure Yades. He was able to talk to the old Gypsy Mercure, who had died for many years and was instructed to learn Sanskrit. He has been indifferent to the surrounding world, but the medieval knowledge is well aware of. He and José Alcátzo refused to take the only surviving boss of the 17 sons of Oreiriano, who killed the man who had been killed. He fell in love with his aunt Amaranta Ursula and had an incestuous relationship, even though they were tortured with loneliness and love, but they thought they were the happiest people in the world. Later Amaranda Ursula gave birth to a boy: “He was born in the hundred years of the only Ennei because of love and fetus baby”, but he actually had a pig tail. Amaranta Ursula also died due to postpartum hemorrhage.
The boy of the long tail is the seventh heir of the Bunndia family. He was born to be eaten by a group of ants. When Aureliano Bournemia saw the son of a small piece of leather that was eaten by ants, he finally deciphered the manuscript of Melchiace. The title of the manuscript is: “The first person in the family will be tied to the tree, the last person in the family is being eaten by ants.” It turned out that this manuscript is the history of the Bournemia family The At the moment of his final chapter, a sudden hurricane scratched the whole town from the earth, and the village was gone forever.
百年孤独创作背景
From 1830 to the late nineteenth century 70 years, the Colombian civil war erupted dozens of times, so that hundreds of thousands were killed. The book to great lengths to describe the facts in this regard, and focus demonstrated by the career of the legendary hero of the book. The hypocrisy of politicians, rulers cruel, and ignorant people blindly etc. are vividly written. Writers with vivid strokes, depicting the distinctive character of many characters, depicting a lonely spirit of this family. In this family, between husband and wife, between father and son, between mother and daughter, between brothers and sisters, no emotional communication, lack of trust and understanding. Although many people have done a lot of hard exploration to break the loneliness, but because they can not find an effective way to unify the power of the scattered, and finally ended in failure. This kind of loneliness is not only filled in the Bournemia family and the town of Ma Kondo, but also infiltrated the narrow mind, a hindrance to the national up, the national progress of a large burden.
Writers write this in the hope that the Latin American people to unite and work together to get rid of loneliness. Therefore, the “lonely lonely” in the lonely sense of loneliness, its main content should be the entire suffering of Latin America is excluded from the process of modern civilization in the process of resentment and protest, is the writer in Latin America for nearly a hundred years of history , As well as the continent of the people of the unique vitality, survival, imagination to carry out a unique study after the formation of stubborn self-confidence. This ancient family, once under the impact of the new civilization, struggled to go out to find a new world, despite fear and retreat, but they still abandoned the traditional coat, hoping to integrate into the world. But alien civilization in a aggressive attitude to swallow the family, so they are in such an open civilized world continued “a hundred years alone.” The author expresses a spiritual state of loneliness to criticize outsiders for a spiritual dimension of the Latin American continent, as well as Western civilization discrimination and exclusion in Latin America. “Everything recorded in the parchment manuscript will never be reproduced, and the family of the lonely year is destined not to appear for the second time on the earth.” The author expresses his deep resentment with the end of a destruction.
Marquez published in 1967, “Hundred Years of loneliness”, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1982. In today's fast-food reading popular times, recounting “a hundred years of loneliness”, people will once again “found” classic literary masterpieces of immortal charm, rethink the cultural heritage, mutual Kam and blend proposition. In the world of literary masters of the world, Marquez and his masterpiece, for the new era of Chinese writers and Chinese cultural circles, has an indelible memory.
篇4：百年孤独..
百年孤独..
邓浩
（哥伦比亚）加西亚・马尔克斯
教学目的
1.积累文中词语，并熟练运用。
2.了解魔幻现实主义小说的特点。
3.分析了解魔幻现实主义小说和传统现实主义小说的不同。
4.分析了解塑造人物形象方法。
教学重点与难点：魔幻现实主义手法。
教学课时：1课时。
教学方法：导读自读结合法。
教学过程 ：
一.教学导入 ：
由现实主义创作引入到魔幻现实主义小说。
二.介绍马尔克斯及其作品：
加夫列尔・加西亚・马尔克斯是20世纪拉丁美洲魔幻现实主义文学的杰出代表。
加西亚・马尔克斯生于哥伦比亚的阿拉卡塔卡镇，父亲原来学医，后来成了当地邮电所报务员。外祖父马尔克斯・伊瓜兰是受人尊敬的老自由党人。阿拉卡塔卡镇过去是美国公司的香蕉种植园，在“香蕉热”时期有过繁荣的阶段，后来，国际市场上香蕉的价格暴跌，美国公司撤离，阿拉卡塔卡立即衰落下来，社会矛盾随之激化。1928年，也就是加西亚・马尔克斯出生那年，香蕉工人举行大罢工，政府派军警来镇压，死亡八百余人。此后，居民大量外迁。阿拉卡塔卡成了孤独、萧条的地方。加西亚・马尔克斯自幼在外祖父家长大。外祖父经常对他讲当地的历史故事。外祖母更是一位讲故事能手，对他讲了许多印第安人的神话传说。她相信人死以后灵魂继续存在，为了不让亡灵们感到孤独，她特地为亡灵们安排了两间空房经常与他们谈话。加西亚・马尔克斯的姨妈也笃信鬼神，有一天，她感到自己将要死亡，便坦然地躲进自己的房间，成天在里面织尸衣。孤独而带有神秘色彩的阿拉卡塔卡给作家留下了深刻的印象，培养了他独有的审美情趣。
12岁时，作家来到首都波哥大教会学校读书。18岁后在波哥大大学读法律，参加了自由党。1948年内战爆发时，他中途辍学，不久进报界工作。1954年任《观察家报》记者兼电影专栏负责人。此后，他从事新闻工作，同时进行文学创作。他曾到过意、法、英、苏、波、捷、匈等国。1959年回国，担任古巴“拉丁社”驻哥伦比亚办事处的负责人。 1961年任该社驻联合国记者，后迁居墨西哥，至1976年才返回哥伦比亚。为了抗议军人政权，他曾于是年举行“文学罢工”。1981年受军政府迫害而流亡墨西哥。1982年哥伦比亚新政府成立，作家才得以返回故土，从事文学创作。当年因《百年孤独》的成功获诺贝尔文学奖。同年，应法国总统密特朗的邀请，担任法国―西班牙语国家文化交流委员会主席。
其作品主要是代表作长篇小说《百年孤独》。还有短篇小说《第三次无可奈何》《格兰德大妈的葬礼》等；中篇小说《伊莎白尔在马贡多的观雨独白》《枯枝败叶》《周末后的一天》《一件事先张扬的凶杀案》等；长篇小说《恶时辰》《家长的没落》（1976年被美国《时代》杂志评为当年世界十大优秀作品之一）《霍乱时期的爱情》《迷宫中的将军》。
三.预习诊断：
1.下列注音完全无误的一项是（ D ）
A.清澈（zhe） 褴褛（lanlu） 螺钉（luo） 骷髅（kulou）
B.吹嘘（xu） 胼（bing）手胝(zhi)脚 痼疾（gu）
C.蓖麻（bi） 黏稠（zhan） 干瘪（bie） O@（xishu）
D.啁啾（jiu） 狩猎（shou） 砾石（li） 蝾螈（rongyuan）
2.判断下列词语中含有错别字的一项（ D ）
A.无可置疑 五彩缤纷 心灵手巧 难以置信 焦头烂额
B.专心致志 胡思乱想 随心所欲 小心翼翼 无所不至
C.一无所知 烟消云散 不知所措 首屈一指 无动于衷
D.同心协力 老态龙钟 振耳欲聋 循循善诱 挨家穿户
3.魔幻现实主义是怎样产生的？（检查预习单元知识的情况）
四.解题：
《百年孤独》以马贡多镇为背景，描写了布恩地亚家族七代人的命运，折射出了哥伦比亚乃至整个拉丁美洲一个多世纪的历史进程，探讨了拉丁美洲地区贫困落后的原因。作者以生动、富于幻想的笔触，勾画出这片神奇大陆上丰富的自然和人文景观，反映了复杂、多变的社会生活，深入揭示了该地区人民的精神特征，小说因而成为一部气势恢宏的史诗性作品。
本篇课文作为《百年孤独》的第一章，既具有与整部长篇小说相勾连的艺术与思想特质，同时又具有独立成章的表述个性。在这一章里，布恩地亚与吉卜赛人的交往成为主体内容。随着吉卜赛人每一次带来的新奇的东西的不同，布恩地亚进行科学钻研和探险的'内容也随之发生变化。受其影响，布恩地亚甚至想率领众人整体迁移，离开马贡多。虽然由于乌苏拉的阻拦最终没有实现，并且眼光开始转向现实生活，但布恩地亚对科学、知识的痴迷一如既往，不曾有一丝一毫的减弱。应该说，作者对布恩地亚痴迷于科学实验的描绘，强调了马贡多人对外来科学与文明的向往和追求，表现了他们的积极进取精神。
五.人物形象分析。
霍塞・阿卡迪奥・布恩地亚：他富于幻想，敢于实践，具有惊人的毅力和智慧。他带领人们创建了马贡多镇，建立了幸福的生活。他向往外来的科学与文明，痴迷于各种科学实验，即使失败或受伤，也从不气馁，终于靠观象仪证实了“地球是圆的，像一个橘子一样”的科学真理。在闭塞落后的马贡多，布恩地亚代表着马贡多人对科学与文明的向往，代表着一种积极进取的精神。只是这种向往和进取随着布恩地亚后来的发疯而夭折。
乌苏拉：她是一个勤俭能干、善良宽厚的拉丁美洲劳动妇女形象。她是马贡多的创建者，也是
篇5：百年孤独(节选)
百年孤独(节选)
文/李振林
［导学新概念］
?20世纪60年代，拉丁美洲小说创作中出现了魔幻现实主义的流派。它的特点是在 反 映现实的叙事和描写中，使用或者插入神奇而怪诞的人物和情节，以及各种超自然的现象。 哥伦比亚作家马尔克斯的代表作《百年孤独》是魔幻现实主义的一部经典性作品。小说通过 布恩地亚家族七代人的命运，展示了拉丁美洲一个多世纪以来的历史进程，从政治、经济、 文化等方面探讨了拉美地区贫困落后的原因。课本节选的是小说的第一章，叙述了布恩地亚 和乌苏拉夫妇在马贡多创业时期的生活。
小说篇幅较长，要让学生在反复阅读的基础上熟悉故事情节。小说描写的马贡多的创业经历 ，具有鲜明的现实性，这些描写又被作者放置在一个精心营造的魔幻氛围之中，从而展现了 一个真实与虚幻、现实与超现实并存的艺术世界。这一点是自读本课的重点和难点。还要思 考造成马贡多百年孤独的原因。
?［资料显示屏］
?1966年，马尔克斯的长篇力作《百年孤独》分别在拉美和欧洲的多家报刊上连载 ，引起强烈反响，从而为作家赢得了世界性的声誉。
1982年，马尔克斯由于在小说中“运用丰富的想象力，把幻想与现实融为一体，勾画出一个 丰富多彩的梦幻般的世界，反映了拉丁美洲大陆的生活和斗争”，荣获诺贝尔文学奖。［《外国文学名著选读(修订本・下)》，崔宝衡主编，南开大学出版社，版，第3 19页、320页］
?魔幻现实主义被应用于拉丁美洲文学评论，则始于哥伦比亚作家加夫列尔・加西 亚・马尔克斯于1967年出版的长篇小说《百年孤独》。这部小说以虚构的小镇马贡多以及居住 在马贡多的布恩地亚一家1间的变迁，反映哥伦比亚的历史。其中充满离奇怪诞的情节 和人物，带有浓烈的神话色彩和象征意味。这种独特的风格，引起读书界和评论界强烈的兴 趣，认为是现代小说创作中一种新流派的代表，因而借用美术上与此近似的新流派的名词， 称之为魔幻现实主义。
近年来，拉丁美洲文学评论界趋向于认为：魔幻现实主义已经成为当代拉丁美洲小说创作的主要潮流。［《中国大百科全书・外国文学(一)》第723页、724页］
这手稿上所写的事情过去不曾，将来也永远不会重复，因为命中注定要一百年处于孤独的世家决不会有出现在世上的第二次机会。(《百年孤独》结尾)
《百年孤独》故事梗概：
很久以前，布恩地亚和他的妻子乌苏拉为了逃避厄运的纠缠，和朋友们一同来到一处渺无人 烟的`地方，创建了马贡多小村镇。布恩地亚作为年轻的族长，跟大伙一块劳动，为全村谋福 利。由于吉卜赛人的引诱，他迷上了磁铁和天文探索，幻想采到金子和发现世界奇迹。失败 后，他又打算开辟一条道路，让马贡多和那些发明连接起来，结果又失败了。他想离开这个 与世隔绝的小村镇，但由于乌苏拉的反对，也失败了。从此他沉溺于幻想之中，不再理睬家 务和公益活动。
布恩地亚家族在乌苏拉的主持下日益发展。他们盖起了迷宫一样的住宅，积聚了不少财产。
乌苏拉坚持要寻找因与情妇皮拉有了孩子而随吉卜赛人出走的大儿子阿卡迪奥，无意中打通 了马贡多与外界的联系。马贡多开始出现了机器、镇长、教会、自动钢琴……?
由于布恩地亚的二儿子奥雷良诺在国内战争中成了自由派领袖，他在连绵不断的战争中变得 残酷、乖戾、衰老，在停火协议签订后，他开枪自杀未遂，从此蜗居小作坊。他的17个儿子 长大后均被敌人杀害。
到了布恩地亚家族第四代时，马贡多来了许多外国人，他们残酷剥削本地居民，激起了强烈 反抗，政府军奉命镇压罢工者，马贡多在天灾人祸中萧条得可怕。
布恩地亚家族的女儿阿玛兰塔在接受了外国文明的熏陶后，偕丈夫回到马贡多，满腔热情地 要重建马贡多，但她又堕入情网，与自己的外甥奥雷良诺发疯似地相爱，并且生出了一个 带着一条猪尾巴的儿子。阿玛兰塔因大出血丧命，婴儿则被蚂蚁咬死。小奥雷良诺在惨象 环生的刺激下，终于解读了吉卜赛人在一百年前写下的羊皮书，上边记载着马贡多和布恩 地亚家族的历史，记载着这个家族每个人的归宿。当他全部译完的一瞬间，一阵飓风把马贡 多从地面上一扫而光，遭受百年孤独的家族，注定不会在大地上再出现第二次了。
《百年孤独》以布恩地亚家族七代人的兴衰过程为经线，浓缩了哥伦比亚乃至整个拉美大陆 一百多年来的历史演变，以魔幻的方式深刻地反映了社会现实。
［教学设计ABC］
?设计A
?导语 设计：1966年，马尔克斯的《百年孤独》一出版，首印的8000册仅在布宜诺 斯 艾利斯一 地半月内便抢购一空。随后一版再版，拉美凡能看书的人差不多都读过这部小说。小说很快 被译成30多种文字，席卷欧美，轰动世界。
一部小说为什么会产生这
篇6：百年孤独(节选)
百年孤独(节选)
文/李振林
［导学新概念］
?20世纪60年代，拉丁美洲小说创作中出现了魔幻现实主义的流派。它的特点是在 反 映现实的叙事和描写中，使用或者插入神奇而怪诞的人物和情节，以及各种超自然的现象。 哥伦比亚作家马尔克斯的代表作《百年孤独》是魔幻现实主义的一部经典性作品。小说通过 布恩地亚家族七代人的命运，展示了拉丁美洲一个多世纪以来的历史进程，从政治、经济、 文化等方面探讨了拉美地区贫困落后的原因。课本节选的是小说的第一章，叙述了布恩地亚 和乌苏拉夫妇在马贡多创业时期的生活。
小说篇幅较长，要让学生在反复阅读的基础上熟悉故事情节。小说描写的马贡多的创业经历 ，具有鲜明的现实性，这些描写又被作者放置在一个精心营造的魔幻氛围之中，从而展现了 一个真实与虚幻、现实与超现实并存的艺术世界。这一点是自读本课的重点和难点。还要思 考造成马贡多百年孤独的原因。
?［资料显示屏］
?1966年，马尔克斯的长篇力作《百年孤独》分别在拉美和欧洲的多家报刊上连载 ，引起强烈反响，从而为作家赢得了世界性的声誉。
1982年，马尔克斯由于在小说中“运用丰富的想象力，把幻想与现实融为一体，勾画出一个 丰富多彩的梦幻般的世界，反映了拉丁美洲大陆的生活和斗争”，荣获诺贝尔文学奖。［《外国文学名著选读(修订本·下)》，崔宝衡主编，南开大学出版社，19版，第3 19页、320页］
?魔幻现实主义被应用于拉丁美洲文学评论，则始于哥伦比亚作家加夫列尔·加西 亚·马尔克斯于1967年出版的长篇小说《百年孤独》。这部小说以虚构的小镇马贡多以及居住 在马贡多的布恩地亚一家100年间的变迁，反映哥伦比亚的历史。其中充满离奇怪诞的情节 和人物，带有浓烈的神话色彩和象征意味。这种独特的风格，引起读书界和评论界强烈的兴 趣，认为是现代小说创作中一种新流派的代表，因而借用美术上与此近似的新流派的名词， 称之为魔幻现实主义。
近年来，拉丁美洲文学评论界趋向于认为：魔幻现实主义已经成为当代拉丁美洲小说创作的主要潮流。［《中国大百科全书·外国文学(一)》第723页、724页］
这手稿上所写的事情过去不曾，将来也永远不会重复，因为命中注定要一百年处于孤独的世家决不会有出现在世上的第二次机会。(《百年孤独》结尾)
《百年孤独》故事梗概：
很久以前，布恩地亚和他的妻子乌苏拉为了逃避厄运的纠缠，和朋友们一同来到一处渺无人 烟的地方，创建了马贡多小村镇。布恩地亚作为年轻的族长，跟大伙一块劳动，为全村谋福 利。由于吉卜赛人的引诱，他迷上了磁铁和天文探索，幻想采到金子和发现世界奇迹。失败 后，他又打算开辟一条道路，让马贡多和那些发明连接起来，结果又失败了。他想离开这个 与世隔绝的小村镇，但由于乌苏拉的反对，也失败了。从此他沉溺于幻想之中，不再理睬家 务和公益活动。
布恩地亚家族在乌苏拉的主持下日益发展。他们盖起了迷宫一样的住宅，积聚了不少财产。
乌苏拉坚持要寻找因与情妇皮拉有了孩子而随吉卜赛人出走的大儿子阿卡迪奥，无意中打通 了马贡多与外界的联系。马贡多开始出现了机器、镇长、教会、自动钢琴……?
由于布恩地亚的二儿子奥雷良诺在国内战争中成了自由派领袖，他在连绵不断的战争中变得 残酷、乖戾、衰老，在停火协议签订后，他开枪自杀未遂，从此蜗居小作坊。他的17个儿子 长大后均被敌人杀害。
到了布恩地亚家族第四代时，马贡多来了许多外国人，他们残酷剥削本地居民，激起了强烈 反抗，政府军奉命镇压罢工者，马贡多在天灾人祸中萧条得可怕。
布恩地亚家族的女儿阿玛兰塔在接受了外国文明的熏陶后，偕丈夫回到马贡多，满腔热情地 要重建马贡多，但她又堕入情网，与自己的外甥奥雷良诺发疯似地相爱，并且生出了一个 带着一条猪尾巴的儿子。阿玛兰塔因大出血丧命，婴儿则被蚂蚁咬死。小奥雷良诺在惨象 环生的刺激下，终于解读了吉卜赛人在一百年前写下的羊皮书，上边记载着马贡多和布恩 地亚家族的历史，记载着这个家族每个人的归宿。当他全部译完的一瞬间，一阵飓风把马贡 多从地面上一扫而光，遭受百年孤独的家族，注定不会在大地上再出现第二次了。
《百年孤独》以布恩地亚家族七代人的兴衰过程为经线，浓缩了哥伦比亚乃至整个拉美大陆 一百多年来的历史演变，以魔幻的方式深刻地反映了社会现实。
［教学设计ABC］
?设计A
?导语设计：1966年，马尔克斯的《百年孤独》一出版，首印的8000册仅在布宜诺 斯 艾利斯一 地半月内便抢购一空。随后一版再版，拉美凡能看书的人差不多都读过这部小说。小说很快 被译成30多种文字，席卷欧美，轰动世界。
一部小说为什么会产生这么大的影响?让我们一起走进《百年孤独》，去探求它的缘由。
?教学过程
一、导入(见导语设计)
二、简介作者及魔幻现实主义小说。
?三、学生自读小说，熟悉故事情节，编写故事梗概。
四、把握布恩地亚怪诞、夸张的行为和乌苏拉理智、坚定的表现，从而体会乌苏拉在家庭中 所起的作用。
对布恩地亚来说，科学的探索曾经是高于一切的。他“想象力极其丰富”“想象常常超越大 自然的智慧，甚至比奇迹和魔术走得更远”。为了证明磁铁的采金功能，“信不过吉卜赛人 的诚实”，用一头骡子和一群山羊从吉卜赛人墨尔基阿德斯手中换来两块磁铁。他查遍了整 个 地区，只发掘出一副15世纪的盔甲。这骡子和山羊是乌苏拉要振兴家业的，“但她劝阻不 了他”。为了证明放大镜的战略威力，布恩地亚“以科学家的'献身精神”“不惜冒生命的危 险”“亲自置身于太阳光的焦点之下，结果多处灼伤”。这放大镜是用两块磁铁和三块殖民 地时期的金币换的，为此乌苏拉“伤心地哭了”，因为“金币是她父亲劳累一生积攒下来的 一盒金币的一部分”，她是“等个良机作本钱用”的，她被布恩地亚“这危险的发明吓坏了”。试验失败后，布恩地亚收下了诚实的吉卜赛人送来的地图和航海仪器。他“长达数月的雨 季闭门不出”“当他能熟练地操作仪器时，他对空间有了认识”“他发着高烧，抖抖索索地 向他们透露了自己的发现：‘地球是圆的，像一个橘子一样。’”。此时全村的人都以为他“已经精神失常”，乌苏拉“再也忍不住了”，一气之下把他的观象仪摔碎。当吉卜赛人送 给布恩地亚一间炼金试验室并做了演示后，布恩地亚见炼金术配方简单，又被迷住了。本来 乌苏拉对吉卜赛人没什么好印象，也不信那一套，但“拗不过丈夫，又让了步”。结果，“乌苏拉的这笔珍贵的祖产变成了一团粘在锅底里挖不下来的锅巴”。当吉卜赛人把假牙的原 理告诉布恩地亚后，他的情绪又变坏了，他意识到“世界上正在发生令人难以置信的事情” “可我们还在过着毛驴似的生活”。长期以来，对马贡多的社会创造精神，此时已“烟消 云散”。原来的“富有闯荡精神的、整洁的”布恩地亚，已经变成了“一个外表怠惰、衣着 马虎的人”。他带上了几个人，为了“把马贡多同伟大的发明联系起来”“轻率地开始了冒 险”。他设想出把马贡多“迁移到更合适的地方去的.计划”。对此，乌苏拉“抢了先”“像蚂蚁似地通过秘密而又不懈的工作”“布置好让全村妇女反对男人们随心所欲的.计划”“以一种局外人的态度观察着他”“对他的远见毫不动心”。小说细腻地表达出布恩地亚天才 的想象力已经超越了大自然的创造力和人类科学认识的极限，从而步入了高高在上的神秘的 无人之境。乌苏拉始终理智地看待在丈夫身上发生的一切。她由“劝阻不了”“伤心地哭” “被这危险的发明吓坏了”；进而“忍不住了”“吼叫着”“把观象仪摔在地上打得粉碎”；继而“对吉卜赛人没好印象”“不理他那一套，带孩子祈祷去了”，组织“全村人反对他 们(吉卜赛人)”；对布恩地亚的冒险，“布置妇女反对”“以局外人的态度观察”“柔中有 刚 地顶了他”。由于乌苏拉的理智和坚定，最终挽救了布恩地亚家族。乌苏拉在家庭中的地位 越来越重要，在乌苏拉的主持下，布恩地亚家族才得以日益发展。
五、思考：作者如何用写实的手法表现奇异的幻像的。
由于绝大多数学生第一次接触魔幻现实主义作品，因此让学生反复品味，教师只稍加点拨 ，学生能理解就可以了。
明确：魔幻与现实相结合是这部作品最大的艺术特色。小说生动地描写了 拉丁美洲政治、经济、军事、文化状况以及人的精神面貌和生活习俗，具有鲜明的现实性 。而这些描写又被作者放置在一个精心营造的魔幻氛围之中。荒诞不经的情节、扑朔迷离的 奇迹，使小说笼罩着浓厚的魔幻气氛，从而展现出一个真实与虚幻、现实与超现实并存的艺 术世界。
设计B
探究性学习：探讨小说的主题。
小说为何定名为“孤独”，造成马贡多百年孤独的原因是什么??
方法：学生阅读全文、讨论，教师小结。
明确：小说写了布恩地亚家族七代人充满神奇色彩的生活和经历，以及马 贡多的开拓、发展和毁灭。布恩地亚家族一代又一代所特有的，就是一种“孤独”精神。在 这个家族中，夫妻之间，父子之间，母子之间，兄弟姐妹之间，始终没有推心置腹的切磋商 讨，没有心心
篇7：《百年孤独》体会
整本书中，每个人都是一个孤独的个体。从家族第一个何赛阿尔卡蒂奥布恩迪亚，到最后一个具有家族明显特征的奥雷里亚诺。从高傲果敢轰轰烈烈的奥雷里亚诺上校到精力充沛平凡而伟大的乌尔苏拉老妈妈，从纯洁如天使的俏姑娘雷梅黛丝到喜欢热闹的奥雷里亚诺第二。
这些人，从出生开始就是孤独的，逐渐的，有人在孤独中失去自我，比如何赛阿尔卡蒂奥布恩迪亚、梅梅;有人在对抗孤独中失去自我，比如丽贝卡;有人清醒的知道自己的孤独，可却无能为力，比如阿兰玛坦;有人孤独一生却不自知，比如乌尔苏拉，比如俏姑娘雷梅黛丝;还有人在生命的'最后幡然悔悟，可惜为时已晚，比如上校奥雷里亚诺。
一部繁杂庞大的百年家族史，一部脉络清晰的地方兴衰史。在时间的洪流中，个人在大背景的起伏中显得那样无力。羸弱娇小的被夺去生命，孤独执着着的留下悲伤的痕迹。无端去世的雷梅黛丝的萝莉像被作为祖母的形象保存，到最后仍然在咬手指的丽贝卡执着的不肯死去。经历夺走3000人生命骚乱的阿尔卡蒂奥得不到任何人的相信。他们都是人群的异子，孤独的极端。
总的来说本书的基调还是黑色的，结尾那句话“遭受百年孤独的家庭，注定不会在大地上第二次出现了”。我的理解与书中的简介不同，书前面的简介说这句话代表的是积极，黑暗总会过去，光明即将来临，我却觉得这句话是为这个悲剧魔幻的家族1的孤独历史画上句号。并不预示着以后的家庭就不孤独，而孤独其实是挥之不去的，谁也逃不掉的。书中的人物都是孤独的，但每个人面对的方式有所不同，奥雷里亚诺上校采取的方式是战争，永无休止的战争来排遣孤独，但战争只让他更加寂寞，梅梅用的是爱情，可惜他的爱情不被母亲允许，寂寞也就依然如影相随。
篇8：百年孤独读后感
“文学是为了嘲笑人们而做出来的最好的玩具。”这句话是最后那个和阿玛兰塔·乌苏拉爱的死去活来的奥雷良诺的朋友阿尔瓦罗说的。那么加西亚·马尔克斯写这本书我可不可以看做他在嘲笑，而且不仅仅是拉美的历史。
今天下午在图书馆一口气读完了最后四章，其实早在读到老阿玛兰塔死的时候就已经开始不安了，虽说之后的家庭成员在一定程度上复兴了另一种形式的家业，可是那种浮躁虚华正是预示从波峰下滑直至衰落的最好嘲讽。这个时代就这样没落的开始了。
作者以平直的语言讲着看似与他无关的故事，语气里没有表情，可是之中有似夹杂着弱弱的同情。每个人孤独的方式都不同，却又是一脉相传。这个家里是由女人来支撑的，所以孤独就显得风情和动人了。
然而，他是这么嘲笑的。追求科学与外世界的被科学和超脱的精神折磨而死;环球漂泊见多识广的最终还是回到这里离奇而死;一心操守家业，默默打理内务的被煎熬而死;参与战争、起义和游行活动的因对斗争的恐惧而死;纯真的升仙，恶俗的堕地，在与大自然的抗争中，全部被意识卷走，剩下干扁腐化的躯壳。
最后得知墨尔基阿德斯为这个家族早就准备好密码羊皮书，我仿佛看到了长满绿斑的吉普赛老头闪着黑色浑浊的眼睛嗤嗤地笑，笑这个家族以看不到的程式缓缓地进行。每个布恩地亚家族成员和与其有关联的外人本都拥有特殊的力量，所有人的力量在明处互相烘托，却在暗处抵消。让孤独占了上风。
★ 百年孤独经典语录
★ 百年孤独读后感
★ 百年孤独经典话语
百年孤独简介（精选8篇）
