“只看风景”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了10篇第14课福楼拜家里的星期天 设计(新课标)，下面就是小编给大家分享的第14课福楼拜家里的星期天 设计(新课标)，希望大家喜欢!
- 目录
篇1：《福楼拜家里的星期天》的课程教学设计
《福楼拜家里的星期天》的课程教学设计
教学目标
一、学习人物描写的方法，让学生默读揣摩，比较几个人物不同的写法。
二、让学生学习场面描写的方法。例如行文顺序、材料剪裁、人物配置等，都可以从课文中得到启发。
三、课文词语丰富，让学生注意积累。
教学重点
学习人物描写的方法，学习场面描写的方法
教学过程：
一、导入前一课中贝多芬中的任务介绍。如《罗曼·罗兰》
二、整体把握 这篇写了四位作家。
学习这篇课文，首先要把握作者所写的四位作家的外貌和性格特点。作者善于抓住四位作家在肖像和性格上的特点，各有侧重地描写他们的肖像、行动和语言。哪个作家在哪一方面最有特点，就着重写哪一方面。
对四个作家都进行了肖像描写，写得最详细具体的是左拉，其次是都德，这两位作家的肖像又形成鲜明的对比。
在语言描写方面，四位作家的具体谈话内容，都没有具体铺开来写，只是由作者概述他们的谈话内容。但对他们谈话的声调仪态，作了不少描绘；对他们的口才，也作了一些评论。在动作描写方面，有详有略，福楼拜是全文的中心人物，对他的`动作的描写，当然详细一些；左拉的坐相比较特殊，也有较多的笔墨描写；对屠格涅夫的动作描写，只有一句。写四位作家的肖像、行动和语言，又往往是为了表现他们的性格特点。
三熟读课文，分别概括福楼拜、屠格涅夫、都德和左拉的肖像、语言、行动和性格的特点，并用表格说明。
篇2：六年级下册第14课福楼拜家的星期天预习教案
一.整体性阅读
1.学生标示段序并疏解疑难字词，自读课文，初步感知文意。
沙哑( ) 发窘( ) 抽噎( ) 恍惚( )( )
窸窸窣窣( )( ) 妒忌( ) 簪子( ) 撒娇( )
2.学生快速阅读课文，提取故事主要情节进行复述。
示例：在一次语文公开课的准备过程中程老师设计了让学生表情朗读小说《万卡》的教学环节。学生李京京被《万卡》深深吸引而无比喜欢，很想参与课文的表情朗读。他的这—愿望遭到老师的断然拒绝和同学的无端嘲笑最后，在公开课上，当程老师的按部就班被学生的怯场打乱时，李京京举起了手，用沙哑的嗓子满怀感情地朗读了课文，表达了主人公)卡和自己的心声。
3.在复述的基础上，进一步梳理故事情节把握文章内容。
故事的开端：李京京朗读课文的请求遭到拒绝。
故事的发展：李京京用真情和独特的体验朗读课文。
(1)李京京在树林子里的朗读、体会和回忆。
(2)李京京纠正同学的朗读遭到嘲笑。
故事的高潮和结局：李京京勇敢举手，在公开课上朗读了课文。
二.突破性阅读
1.学生自主阅读(重在体验感悟主人公思想感情的变化)，教师引导学生调动自己的生活经历和。生体验进行个性化解读，并设计话题让学：讨论。
出示话题并进行讨论：小说着重刻画了。个人物形象?文中的李京京有着怎样的生活经历?你喜欢这个人物形象吗?结合小说内容谈你的看法和理由。
教师引导学生所应把握的基本点：李京是一个朴实真诚、善良而宽容、自信而勇敢、对生活有着美好愿望、执著追求真善美的少年。
2.教师引导学生进一步阅读全文，讨论：李京京的心声是什么?(结合小说中具体的语句或段落谈谈自己的依据或感悟。)
设计原则：在多数同学能够提出“想朗读课文”的基础上深入揣摩，根据关键语句或段落，了解李京京的经历和情感体验，把握李京京情感倾诉的需求。
预期成果所包含的实质：李京京渴望得到锻炼机会，渴望得到老师和同学的肯定、理解和尊重;渴望父母和谐，家庭温暖;渴望亲情和友谊而想念爷爷和儿时玩伴;渴望情感的倾诉与宣泄。这些愿望都建构在“想朗读课文”这一表白上而动人心魄。总而言之，李京京的心声表达了对美好生活的追求，这也体现了他作为成长中的少年身心健康发展的需要。
3.引导学生找出自己感悟最深的句段深入阅读体验，进行有感情的朗读。
篇3：六年级下册第14课福楼拜家的星期天预习教案
一.探究性阅读
1.作者以“心声”为标题，究竟要表达什么深刻含义呢?(对主题的理解与把握)
2.《万卡》为什么那样打动李京京?你认为李京京纠正同学赵小桢的朗读这一行为做得对吗?为什么?你从中得到有关小说阅读和欣赏方面的哪些启示?
提示：《万卡》之所以打动李京京，是因为李京京有与万卡相似的经历，相似的情感体验，相似的倾诉需求，他的心与作品中的万卡的心产生了强烈的共鸣，万卡的心声似乎也就成了他的心声。“他真想念。不是要出风头，是心里有种憋了很久的感情，想痛痛快快念出来，吐出来。”
启示一：要融进小说中去，与主人公同呼吸，共命运，才能深入理解作品。
启示二：要从小说中出来，从生活中发现小说，从小说中理解生活
二.巩固性阅读
阅读《弯弯的月亮》一文，回答文后习题。
星子的老师是刚从师范学校毕业的，年轻漂亮，很招星子和同学们的喜欢。
一天，老师在课堂上向同学们提问：“同学们，你们想一想，弯弯的月亮像什么?”
学生们几乎是异口同声地回答：“像——小——船儿——”
年轻的老师听了同学们的回答后，高兴地说：“好，同学们的回答很正确。”
这时，坐在前排的星子举起了手，可是老师没有发现，星子就仍举着手，还喊了一句：“老师!”
老师听见后，说：“星子同学，有什么问题请讲。”
星子站起来，眨动着那双亮晶晶的大眼睛，说：“老师，我看弯弯的月亮像豆角。”
老师听完星子的话，一脸的不高兴，她对星子说：“你的回答是错误的。全班同学都说弯弯的月亮像小船儿，你为什么偏偏要说像豆角呢?难道就你特别有见解吗?”
班上的同学一阵哄笑，星子的眼窝里满是泪水。
回到家后，星子把这件事告诉了曾做过小学老师的奶奶，奶奶说：“星子，老师的批评是正确的，弯弯的月亮是像小船，我从前教过的一批又一批学生，他们也都是这样回答的。”
星子听完奶奶的话，眼窝里又一次含满了泪水。
这件事情以后，星子开始变得少言寡语，她很不喜欢这位年轻、漂亮的老师，在课堂上再也不敢向老师提出“特别”的问题……
很快，几年过去，星子考入一所师范学校;又很快地，星子从这所学校毕业，她回到故乡的小镇做了教师。
走上讲台的第一课，星子老师穿着朴素、整洁的衣服，笑眯眯地说：“同学们，在讲课之前，我首先提一个问题——你们想一想，弯弯的月亮像什么?”
静默一会儿后，学生们几乎是异口同声地回答：“像——小——船儿——”
星子老师没有说同学们的回答是否正确，她那双美丽的大眼睛，充满期待地注视着大家，接着，她又问：“同学们，有没有和这个答案不一样的?”
一个叫田菲的学生举起手，说：“老师，我的答案和他们不一样，我说弯弯的月亮像镰刀。”
星子老师听后很高兴，说：“田菲同学的回答正确，当然，其他同学的回答也正确，我只是想启发同学们在回答每一个问题时，应该大胆发挥你们的想像力，多想出几个答案。比如弯弯的月亮除了像小船儿、像镰刀之外，还像不像弓?像不像豆角?”
学生们报以一阵热烈的掌声。
篇4：初中课文福楼拜家里的星期天教课设计
初中课文福楼拜家里的星期天教课设计
教学目标：
知识和能力目标：
1.课文词语丰富，让学生注意积累。
2.学习作者组织材料，安排结构的技巧。
3.体会文中遣词造句准确生动，富有表现力的特点。
过程和方法目标：
1.学习人物描写的方法，让学生默读揣摩，比较几个人物不同的写法。
2.让学生学习场面描写的方法。例如行文顺序、材料剪裁、人物配置等，都可以从课文中得到启发。
情感态度和价值观目标：体会友人间的脉脉温情。
教学重、难点：学习人物描写的方法，学习场面描写的方法
教学时间：一课时
教具准备：录音机，课文朗读磁带
教学过程：
一、导入
同学们，你们的星期天是怎样渡过的呢?……想不想知道大作家福楼拜的'星期天是怎样渡过的?请看法国作家莫泊桑写的《福楼拜家和星期天》。
二、听读课文，熟悉文本。
1.听录音朗读。
学生静听，初步感知文章，体会四人形象，学生听后谈感受。
2.学生自读，圈划要点、自制问题卡。
学生朗读，进一步体会四人形象，圈划文章的要点，疑难点，并制作面问题卡，以备课上讨论解决。
三、熟读课文，分别概括福楼拜、屠格涅夫、都德和左拉的肖像、语言、行动和性格的特点，并用表格说明。
人物肖像语言动作性格
福楼拜
屠格涅夫
都德
左拉
四、问题探究
1.学生出示问题卡，统一讨论解决。
2.作者在叙述和描写中间，插入一些抒情和议论，有什么作用?
(有助于揭示人物的性格特征，使读者更深刻地认识这四位作家。例如，对屠格涅夫与福楼拜的会面，作者议论说：“……两人常常是一拍即合，一见面，两人都不约而同地感到一种与其说是相互理解的愉快，倒不如说是心灵内在的欢乐。”这里的议论告诉读者，由于屠格涅夫同福楼拜有相同的思想、哲学观点，共同的趣味、生活和梦想，相同的文学主张、狂热的理想，共同的鉴赏能力与博学多识，因此早就超出了“相互理解的愉快”，而是“心灵内在的欢乐”，使读者对两位大作家之间的关系有更深刻的认识。)
3.让学生揣摩课文中人物描写的句子，比较几个人物不同的写法。
作者善于抓住四位作家的性格上的特点，各有侧重地描写他们的肖像、行动和语言。哪个作家在哪一方面最有特点，就着重写哪一方面。
左拉：最详细具体
都德：较详细
肖像描写福楼拜：略写形成鲜明对比
屠格涅夫：一句话，最简略
1.没有具体铺开写，只是概述了他们的说话内容
语言描写2.描绘了谈话的声调仪态
3.对口才也做了一些评论
福楼拜：全文中心人物，详写
左拉：坐相比较特殊，也较详细
动作描写都德：略写
屠格涅夫：一句话
写作家的肖像、语言、动作，又是为了表现他的性格特点。
4.本文写了四位作家，作者是怎样组织材料、安排结构的?
a.按时间顺序来写：
第一个屠格涅夫
过了一会都德注意语言标志
接着左拉
渐渐地人越来越多
b.像舞台剧结构
时间：星期天
地点：福楼拜家(六层楼的一个单身宿舍)
人物：福楼拜为核心人物，屠格涅夫、都德、左拉逐个登场
主要内容：每个人物的肖像、语言、动作
人物之间的交流
五、教学小结
六、作业布置：完成课后练习
七、板书设计：
教后记：要求学生抓住四位作家在肖像和性格上的特点，各有侧重地描写他们的肖像、行动和语言。哪个作家在哪一方面最有特点，就着重写哪一方面。对四个作家都进行了肖像描写，写得最详细具体的是左拉，其次是都德，这两位作家的肖像又形成鲜明的对比。
篇5：《福楼拜家的星期天》优秀说课设计
《福楼拜家的星期天》优秀说课设计
【教学目标】
1、培养学生的自主学习能力。
2、引导学生尝试“合作探究”的学习方式。
(语文教育界的老前辈叶圣陶先生说“教是为了不教”。这里的“不教”就是指导学生通过“自读”“自学”来理解文章，有所收获。叶老的话并没有随着时代的发展被摒弃，人们越来越发现这句话的内涵博大精深。学生的自主学习能力的培养，正确学习方式的养成和人文素养的提升，正是现代教育的真正目的，也是学生个人发展的需要。)
【教学重点】
引导学生通过质疑发现问题、通过合作探究解决问题。
【教学准备】
1、让学生准备好字典。
2、教师深入研读课文和相关资料，以便课上随时参与学生的讨论、解答学生的疑问。
【设计思路】
本节课的课型：自读实践课。
开放自读课堂，让学生用读来弥补老师的不足，让学生用读去打开探究性学生的窗口，去获取更多的知识，这无疑是提高学习效率的一种有效的方法。开放自读课堂，老师并不因此在课上就无事可做，只不过老师的角色发生了变化;不是课堂的“统治者”，而是学生阅读的促进者和引导者，所以，教师在课前要深入研读课文和相关资料，课上要结合文章，正确把握学生的阅读方向，使学生的阅读活而不乱，博而不杂。
【教学过程】
一、发现阅读
让学生在阅读的过程中去发现有价值的东西。
(入选课本的每一篇文章，在思想内容上、写法上一定有独到之处。例如：本文在内容上写出了四个作家的不同个性，在写法上抓住人物的外貌、语言、行动的'特点，由此写出了人物不同的个性。如果老师简单地把这些告诉学生，学生就会“纸上得来终觉浅”，如果学生自己在阅读的过程中去发现这些有价值的东西，就会真正学有所得。此外，学生在阅读中的发现，老师要认真对待并予以鼓励，以免挫伤学生发现与探究的热情。)
二、质疑阅读
让学生在阅读中提出问题，在阅读中解决问题。
(教师鼓励有能力的学生在阅读过程中，开动脑筋，提出一些新颖的问题，以丰富阅读思考的内容;对那些阅读能力较差的、自己还不能很快地在阅读中发现问题的学生，教师可提供问题，让他们去探究、解决，这样可以克服他们在阅读中的盲目性，提高学习效率。学生对自己不能解决的问题，可提交到老师上，老师可选择带有普遍性的问题，有价值的问题和新颖的问题，在班组内讨论。通过在阅读中的质疑惑、答疑，可培养学生的“问题”意识和独立思维的能力。)
三、讨论阅读
4人为一组或同桌2人为一组;边读边议，或先读后议;可朗读或默读。形式不拘，只求有效。
(在阅读中讨论，在讨论中阅读，既可解决阅读中遇到的问题，又可促进学生间合作。在分组讨论后，每组推荐一名代表发言，汇报他们讨论的问题和讨论的结果，这样，学生就可集思广益，从而较全面地把握课文的重难点。)
四、整合阅读
将本文的与本单元前3篇文章进行比较、阅读、整合、得出相关的结论。
(整合阅读有利于学生综合能力的培养，用这种方法读书，要求学生有一定的基础，能把握数量多、范围广的信息，并具有较强的信息整合能力。学生一般不具有这样的能力，所以教师要指导学生恰当选择比较的内容，例如：本文与本单元前3篇文章可就写人的方法进行比较，进而运用求同思维，得出写人的一般技巧。)
篇6：第17课安塞腰鼓 设计(新课标)
第17课安塞腰鼓 设计(新课标)
17安塞腰鼓 教学目的： 1、整体感悟，能发表自己的见解。 2、品味排比句式的节奏、气势与激情，感受“安塞腰鼓”所宣泄的生命力量。 3、学习本文由写实到写意的.写作手法。 教学重、难点： 本文既用写实的笔触描绘了气势磅礴的腰鼓表演，塑造了可触可感的艺术形象，又用更多的笔墨写意。如何引导学生借助文字描绘再现形象领略意境是教学的难点；引导学生品读描绘形象、揭示内涵的排比句，从不同角度、层面感受安塞腰鼓的所宣泄的生命力量，并发表对课文的见解即教学的重点。 教学方法： 1、多媒体助学 2、诵读导学 教学步骤： 一、导语设计： 安塞腰鼓是我国北方具有代表性的优秀民间舞蹈之一。有人这样形容道：“安塞腰鼓表演起来有股能劲，挥槌有股狠劲，踢腿有股蛮劲，跳跃有股虎劲，转身有股猛劲，全身使出一股牛劲，看了叫人带劲，听了给人鼓劲，实实在在足劲！”今天我们学习陕北作家刘成章写的《安塞腰鼓》这篇文章，借助作者的生动描摹，跟着安塞腰鼓的节奏，体会它的气势，感受其中的生命律动。 二、研习课文： （一）首先请大家欣赏全文朗读，在整体感知的同时，根据板书理清作者的.写作思路。 1、看表演片断，听全文朗读（配乐、配画面）。 2、引导学生划分结构层次。 3、划出文中高度概括安塞腰鼓所宣泄的生命力量的一句话： “容不得束缚，容不得羁绊，容不得闭塞。是挣脱了、冲破了、撞开了的那么一股劲！” （二）讲读，重点突破。 1、过渡：安塞腰鼓是一曲生命与力量的'礼赞，为了表现生命挣脱束缚、冲破羁绊、撞开闭塞的雄浑粗犷的力量，作者十分注意形式与内容的和谐。我们重点品读其中一个片断，感受作者是怎样造成一种快速跃动的节奏、排山倒海的气势 ，来与所要歌颂的生命的力量相辅相承的。 2、精读第二部分第一层次。 播放范读片断（配乐、配画面），指导朗读，结合具体语境感受分析排比修辞的表达效果。 （1）问：本文段突出地使用了什么修辞手法？这种手法有什么表达效果？ （排比。给人一气呵成之感，语言畅达，节奏感强，有气势，能增强文章的说服力和感染力。） （2）请同学朗读本文段的排比句，要求读准重音，读出节奏、气势。 一捶起来就发狠了，忘情了，没命了！（增强气势） （3）骤雨/一样，是急促的/鼓点；旋风/一样，是飞扬的/流苏；乱蛙/一样，是蹦跳的/脚步；火花/一样，是闪射的/瞳仁；斗虎/一样，是强健的/风姿。（节奏感强，渲染动感形象） 黄土高原上，爆出一场多么壮阔、多么豪放、多么火烈的舞蹈哇――安塞腰鼓！（感情充沛，富有感染力） （4）这腰鼓，使冰冷的空气立即变得燥热 了，使恬静的阳光立即变得飞溅了，使困倦的世界立即变得亢奋了。 使人想起：落日照大旗，马鸣风萧萧！ 使人想起：千里的雷声万里的闪！ 使人想起：晦暗了又明晰、明晰了又晦暗、尔后最终永远明晰了的大彻大悟！（层层推进，一气呵成） （5）容不得束缚，容不得羁绊，容不得闭塞。是挣脱了、冲破了、撞开了的那么一股劲！ （排山倒海，气势磅礴） 小结：本文段使用排比，将安塞腰鼓的力与美推到极致。 （配合音乐、看画面齐声朗读。） 安塞腰鼓不仅带给我们视觉形象上的刺激，更带来思想情感上的震撼。看来艺术欣赏不仅要察其形，更要重其意。我们再来探究一下作者是如何将写形与写意结合起来，从不同角度、侧面展示安塞腰鼓的美的。 如骤雨，如旋风，如乱蛙，如火花，如斗虎――这是安塞腰鼓的“形”； 挣脱了束缚、冲破了羁绊、撞开了闭塞――这是安塞腰鼓的“意”； “使人想起……使人想起……使人想起……”――联想和想象是联结“形”与“意”的纽带。 3、小结：作者利用排比句式的节奏、气势与激情，再现“安塞腰鼓”的恢弘气势，又运用由写实到写意的艺术描摹手法，揭示了安塞腰鼓所宣泄的生命力量。现在请大家快读文章其他部分，品味精彩语句，说说自己对安塞腰鼓的感受。（解决课后练习三） 三、布置作业： 自由选择文中某一精彩片段朗读、背诵。 （附）板书设计： （ 静 ）安静的腰鼓 （ 动 ）火爆的腰鼓→ （ 静 ）寂静的腰鼓 如骤雨、如旋风、如乱蛙、如火花、如斗虎 （写实） 使人想起……使人想起……使人想起…… （联想和想像） 挣脱了束缚、冲破了羁绊、撞开了闭塞 （写意） 设计（B）一、教学目的： 1．感受安塞腰鼓的磅礴气势。2．学习文章形、神结合的语言。 二、课型设计（品读课） 三、预习要求： 1．落实字词，会读会写。 2．简单了解作者情况。 四、教学设想：这是一篇诗化的散文，有着雄浑伟奇的画面，更有着与画面风格一致的气势磅礴的语言，所以教学分为两个板块：感知气势；品味语言。整个过程又以“朗读”一线贯穿读、说、析、品、评，不知不觉让学生受到熏陶，完成教学。 五、教学过程 第一板块：朗读、感知 1．知内容。 自由朗读课文，用“……的安塞腰鼓’对安要塞鼓进行评价。可填词、短语、句子；最好是文中的内容。 学生各抒己见，可能有如下一些答案：“壮阔”“豪放”“火烈”“有力”“元气淋漓”“惊心动魄”“奇伟磅礴”“一捶起来就发狠了，忘情了，没命了”“容不得束缚，容不得羁绊，容不得闭塞”“每一个舞姿都使人颤栗在浓烈的艺术享受中，使人叹为观止”“好一个痛快了山河、蓬勃了想像力”等等。 2．明结构。 （师生联读课文） 说明：文章按“鼓响前腰鼓表演鼓声止”可分成3大部分。第二部分为文章的主体部分，分别从4个角度来展示腰鼓舞的艺术魅力，且这4个角度的分水岭都是一句话。 学生会很快找出：好一个安塞腰鼓! 明确：这是文章内容与结构上的核心句。 3.寻美点。 布置分组朗读，分组进行寻找美点比赛。用“美，你看(听)…．”的句式叙述出来。学生可能有如下答案： ①蓄而待发的后生荚，你看，他们的身后是一片高梁地。他们朴实得就像那片高梁。咝溜溜的南风吹动了高梁叶子，也吹动了他们的衣衫。他们的神情沉稳而安静。 ②火烈的舞蹈场面荚，你看，百十个斜背响鼓的后生，如百十块被强震不断击起的石头，狂舞在你的面前。骤雨一样，是急促的鼓点；旋风一样，是飞扬的流苏；乱蛙一样．是蹦跳的脚步；火花一样，是闪射的瞳仁；斗虎一样，是强健的风姿。 ③激越的鼓声美，你听，百十个腰鼓发出的沉重响声，碰撞在遗落了一切冗杂的观众的心上。观众的心也蓦然变成牛皮鼓面了，也是隆隆，隆隆，隆隆。 ④击鼓的后生美，你看，后生们的胳膊、腿、全身，有力地搏击着，疚速地搏击着，大起大落地搏击着…… ⑤变幻的舞姿荚，你看，每一个舞姿都充满了力量，每一个舞姿都呼呼作响，每一个舞姿都是光和影的匆匆变幻。 第二板块：朗读、品味 1.替换式品读，感受语言的节奏美、诗意美。 析义：所谓替换式品读，就是将文章加工，变为别的形式再读，比较、品味其中的美。 ① 让学生齐诵第6段。 ②教师示范。 教师将大家刚才读的内容改成了另一种文学样式诗，(幻灯出示所改之诗)教师范读。 骤雨一样，是急促的鼓点；旋风一样，是飞扬的流苏；乱蛙一样，是蹦跳的脚步；火花一样；是闪射的瞳仁；斗虎一样，是强健的风姿。（学生反复朗读。） ③学生仿照以上形式，加工另外的文章内容。如： 愈捶愈烈，形体成了沉重而又纷飞的思绪；愈捶愈烈，思绪中不存任何隐秘；愈捶愈烈，痛苦和欢乐，生活和梦幻，摆脱和追求，都在这舞姿和鼓点中，交织! 旋转! 凝聚!奔突!辐射!翻飞!升华! ④分小组反复替换朗读。 2．评点式品读，理解文章语言的意蕴美、情味美。 ①学生任意寻找自己觉得写得精彩的地方朗读3遍，要求用“ 好，好在 ”这一句式进行评点。 （可以从词、句式、修辞、写法、结构等各方面进行评点，说得越多越好。） ②分小组交流。 ③汇总意见。 3．整理学生评点。 从用词方面说： (1)“紧贴在他们身体一侧的腰鼓，呆呆地，似乎从来不曾响过”一句中“呆呆地”用得好，好在它用拟人手法形象地写出了安静时安塞腰鼓的状态。 (2)“茂腾腾的后生”“咝溜溜的南风”中的“茂腾腾”“咝溜溜”用得好，好在叠词的运用使语言亲切富有韵味。 (3)“这腰鼓，使冰冷的空气立即变得燥热了，使恬静的阳光立即变得飞溅了，使困倦的世界立即变得亢奋了”中反义词用得好，好在它们对比强烈，更能突出安塞腰鼓的特点。 从句式上说： (1)“一捶起来就发狠了，忘情了，没命了”中“发狠”“忘‘隋”“没命”用得好，好在它们语意层层递进，语势步步增强。 (2)“交织!旋转!凝聚!奔突!辐射!翻飞!升华!”这些短句用得好，好在它们使文章语句铿 Ⅲ.背景知识 1.History of Mother's Day In the U.S.,Mother's Day is a holiday celebrated on the second Sunday in May.It is a day when children honor their mothers with cards,gifts,and flowers.First observance in Philadelphia,in 1907,it is based on suggestions by Julia Ward Howe in 1872 and by Anna Jarvis in 1907. Although it wasn't celebrated in the U.S. until 1907,there were days honoring mothers even in the days of ancient Greece.In those days,however,it was Rhea,the Mother of the gods that was given honor. Later,in the 1600's,in England there was an annual observance called“Mothering Sunday”.It was celebrated during June,on the fourth Sunday.On Mothering Sunday,the servants,who generally lived with their employers,were encouraged to return home and honor their mothers.It was traditional for them to bring a special cake along to celebrate the occasion. In the U.S.,in 1907 Anna Jarvis from Philadelphia,began a campaign to establish a national Mother's Day.Jarvis persuaded her mother's church in Grafton,West Virgina to celebrate Mother's Day on the second anniversary of her mother's death,the 2nd Sunday of May.The next year Mother's Day was also celebrated in Philadelphia. Jarvis and others began a letter-writing campaign to ministers,businessmen,and politicians in their quest to establish a national Mother's Day.They were successful.President Woodrow Wilson,in 1914,made the official announcement proclaiming Mother's Day a national observance that was to be held each year on the 2nd Sunday of May. Many other countries of the world celebrate their own Mother's Day at different times throughout the year.Denmark,Finland,Italy,Turkey,Australia,and Belgium celebrate Mother's Day on the second Sunday in May,as in the U.S. 2.The Origin of Christmas The name Christmas is short for“Christ's Mass”.A Mass is a kind of Church service.Christmas is a religious festival.It is the day we celebrate as the birthday of Jesus. There are special Christmas services in Christian churches all over the world.But many of the festivities of Christmas do not have anything to do with religion.Exchanging gifts and sending Christmas cards are the modern ways of celebrating the Christmas in the world. The birth of Jesus had a story:Mary,a virgin,was betrothed to Joseph.Before they came together,she was found with child of the Holy Spirit.Joseph,her husband,was minded to put her away secretly.While he thought about these things.Gabriel,an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and told him not to be afraid to take Mary as wife.And Mary will bring forth a Son,and he shall call his name.Jesus,for he will save his people from their sins. Before Jesus births,there went a decree from Caesar Augustus,that all the world should be taxed.And this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was govenor of Syria.So all went to be registered,everyone to his own city.Joseph also went up out of Galilee,out of the city of Nazareth,into Judea,to the city of David,which is called Bethlehem,because he was of the house and of the lineage of David,to be registered with Mary,his betrothed wife,who was with child.So it was that while they were there,the days were completed for her to be delivered.And she brought forth her firstborn Son,and wrapped him in swaddling cloths,and laid him in a manger,because there was no room for them in the inn.And that,Christmas is the feast of the nativity of Jesus,is on 25th,December every year.But nobody knew the actual birthday of Jesus.And the Christmas has become popular when Christmas cards appeared in 1846 and the concept of a jolly Santa Claus was first made popular in nineteenth century. The First Period I．Teaching Aims: 1.Learn the following words and phrases:dress up,fighting,crime,argument,destruction 2.Train the students' speaking and listening abilities. 3.Learn to talk about festivals,customs and habits. II．Teaching Important Point: Improve the students' speaking and listening skills by talking about and listening to something about festivals. III．Teaching Difficult Point: How to further develop the students' speaking and listening skills. IV．Teaching Methods: 1.Pair work and group work to train the students' speaking ability. 2.Listening-and-chooing activity to train the students' listening ability. V．Teaching Aids: 1.pictures 2.a projector 3.a tape recorder VI．Teaching Procedures: Step Ⅰ. Greetings Greet the whole class as usual. Step Ⅱ. Free Talk and Lead-in T:The Spring Festival has just gone by.Did you have a good time? Ss:Yes. T:We all know that the Spring Festival is the most important and greatest festival to our Chinese people.And we also know that there are some other important festivals in our country.Can you tell me the names of them? Ss:Yes.There are Lantern Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, Tomb Sweeping Day,Mid-Autumn Day,New Year's Day,May 1st,National Day… (Teacher writes them on the blackboard.If possible,teacher can show some pictures to talk about some of them briefly with the students) T:Well.Thank you.Then how much do you know about foreign festivals? Ss:Not very much.Just know about Chritmas Day,Thanksgiving Day,Mother's Day,April Fools' Day,Valentine's Day…(Teacher writes them on the Bb.) T:Oh.You've known many of the foreign festivals.Today we are going to learn Unit 14 Festivals.In this unit,we'll learn about some foreign festivals,such as Mardi Gras,Ramada,Easter,Kwanzaa.First let's learn the new words in listening and speaking. (Teacher writes the names of the festivals on the Bb.And then deal with the new words with the whole class.) Step Ⅲ. Warming up T:Now please open your books at Page 5.Look at the pictures below Warming up.They are all pictures of some festivals.Look at them carefully and discuss these three questions on the screen with your partner. (Show the screen.) 1.Do you know the names of the festivals? 2.Do you know which countries the festivals come from? 3.What are the people in the pictures doing? Why are they doing this? (After the students discuss for a while,teacher asks some of them to describe the pictures.One student,one picture) T:OK.Stop!Who'd like to talk about the first picture? S1:I think it must be Halloween from America,which is celebrated on October 31.In this picture,we can see the people are dancing at the fancy ball.They are wearing ghost costumes,false faces and witches' hats.Maybe they want to frighten away spirits looking for living bodies to possess. T:Very good!The second picture? S2:This picture shows the Day of the Dead in Mexico.In many places in Mexico,the celebration begins as early as October 18 and continues until November 9.In this picture,they are honoring their past lovers before a memorial to memorialize and welcome their departed loved ones and to offer them a brief time of earthly pleasure.One of them holds a toy skull. T:Well done!Thank you.The last picture? S3:I think this picture shows Yu Lan Festival from Japan.In most parts of Japan,it is celebrated from August 13 to August 16.In some parts of Japan,it is celebrated between July 13 and July 16.In the picture,we see the lanterns lighting to welcome their past ancestors back home. T:You all did very well.Next,please think of a Chinese festival and a foreign festival,and then work in pairs to compare them.After that,you can exchange your information with another pair.The following questions on the screen can help you,and you can ask me if you don't know of any festivals from other countries.Begin to work now.(Teacher shows the screen first,and then walks around the class to help them and check their work) Festival___________ ___________ 1.When is the festival celebrated? 2.Who celebrates the festival? 3.How do people celebrate it? 4.Why do people celebrate the festival? 5.What are some important themes,for example,“family”,“peace”? 6.How old is the festival? One possible sample Step Ⅳ. Listening T:Next,let's do a listening-and-choosing exercise about the following three festivals:Mardi Gras,Ramadan and Easter.Turn to Page 6.Look at the listening part.I give you some seconds to look at the pictures and read the exercises for each festival.Then I'll play the tape for you to finish each exercise.At the end,I'll check the answers with the whole class.Are you clear? Ss:Yes. T:OK.Now please listen to the tape carefully and finish each exercise. (Teacher checks the answers after the Ss listen to the tape.Then teacher goes on to deal with the other exercise in Listening.) T:Well done!Now it's time for you to try it.Work with your partner to describe one of your favourite festivals.I give you three minutes to prepare for it.You can begin now. (Teacher can walk around to check their work while the Ss are preparing.Three minutes later,teacher says the following.) T:Well.Time is up.Who'd like to talk about your festival? S1:My favourite festival is the Spring Festival,which is also known as the Lunar New Year,the greatest festival.It is celebrated in late January or early February.It means rest and relaxation between winter and spring as well as celebration.Before the Spring Festival,people clean their houses,put red couplets on their gates and set off firecrackers,according to fairy tale,for driving a demon,named Nian,away.On the eve of the Spring Festival,a get-together banquet is a must,and the most popular food is Jiaozi,which is supposed to bring good fortune.On the first day of the new year,everybody wears new clothes and greets relatives and friends with bows and congratulations,wishing each other the best during the new year. S2:My favourite festival is Lantern Festival,which is one of the most important festivals.This traditional festival is celebrated on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.On that day,various types of lanterns are exhibited,fireworks set off,and acrobatics and dances displayed.Traditionally.Yuanxiao is eaten on the night of the Lantern Festival,because it symbolizes family unity and happiness.Yuanxiao is a dough stuffed with sweet stuffings such as sugar and bean paste.Therefore,the Lantern Festival is also called the Yuanxiao Festival. S3:… S4:… Step Ⅴ. Speaking T:As we all know,there are many festivals in the world,and most of them have a long history.Would you like a new holiday? Ss:Yes. T:OK.Here is a task to decide what a new holiday should be about.I'll show you some information and an example on the screen for you to refer to. (Teacher shows the screen,goes through it with the whole class and makes brief explanations where necessary.) Peace Day:No fighting or crimes are allowed.People learn and talk about peace. Happiness Day:People must only do things that will make others happy.People learn about happiness. Friendship Day:No arguments or fights are allowed.People learn about friendship. Nature Day:No pollution or destruction of nature is allowed.People learn and talk about nature. Example(Student A):I think that the new holiday should be a Peace Day.On this day,no fighting or crimes are allowed.People will use the holiday to learn and talk about peace.The holiday will be celebrated on__________and people will celebrate by__________.I think this is the best idea,because__________. T:Well.Now please work in groups of four.Prepare a role card and tell the other group members why your holiday is the best one.Remember each student in one group decides a different holiday from the others.Are you clear? Ss:Yes. (After the Ss prepare for a while,teacher asks some Ss to talk about their new holiday separately.) T:I think you must have got ready for it.Who'd like to talk about Peace Day? SA:I think that the new holiday should be a Peace Day.On this day,no fighting or crimes are allowed.People will use the holiday to learn and talk about peace.The holiday will be celebrated on the same day as National Day and people will celebrate by setting all the pigeons free at the same time all over the world.I think this is the best idea,because an atmosphere of peace will fill all parts of the world at the same time and all the people will feel closer and live together peacefully. T:Exellent!Next one:Happiness Day? SB:I think that the new holiday should be a Happiness Day.On this day,no quarrelling and fighting are allowed.People must only do things that will make others happy.The holiday will be used to learn about happiness.It will be celebrated on November 17th and people will celebrate by telling happy stories and talking about the happy past.I think this is the best idea,because this will make people become younger and healthier. SC:I think that the new holiday should be a Friendship Day.On this day,no arguments or fights are allowed.People will use the holiday to learn about friendship.The holiday will be celebrated on the last day of July and people will celebrate by sending presents and best wishes to each other.I think this is the best idea,because this will help people see the value of friendship much more than before. SD:I think that the new holiday should be a Nature Day.On this day,no pollution and destruction of nature is allowed.People will use the holiday to learn and talk about nature.The holiday will be celebrated on March the fifth and people will celebrate it by planting trees and flowers.I think this is the best idea,because it can make our country and the world more and more beautiful. T:All of you did very well.I think your hopes will be realized some day. Step Ⅵ. Summary and Homework T:In this class,we've mainly learned something about festivals by speaking and listening,so we've got more information about festivals,and our listening and speaking abilities have been improved.At the same time,we've learnt some words and phrases,such as fighting,crime,argument,destruction,dress up… (Teacher writes them on the Bb.)You should remember them and learn to use them.After class,try to collect more information about festivals and prepare for next part-reading part.That's all for today.Goodbye,everyone! Ss:Goodbye,teacher! Step Ⅶ. The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard Unit 14 Festivals The First Period Ⅰ.Chinese Festivals Lantern Festival the Dragon Boat Festival Tomb Sweeping Day Mid-Autumn Day New Year's Day Double-ninth National Day May 1st Ⅱ.Foreign Festivals Christmas Day Thanksgiving Day Mother's Day April Fools' Day Valentine's Day Mardi Gras Ramadan Easter Ⅲ.Words and Phrases: dress up,fighting,crime,argument,destruction The Second Period I．Teaching Aims: 1.Learn and master the following words:honour,ancestor,nation,self-determination, purpose,generation,faith,joy,light 2.Train the Ss' reading ability. 3.Let the students learn about the relation between festivals and history and culture. II．Teaching Important Points: 1.Improve the students' reading ability. 2.Help the students learn about foreign history and culture by reading about festivals. III．Teaching Difficult Point: How to help the students understand the passage exactly. IV．Teaching Methods: 1.Discussions before reading and after reading to make the students interested in what they will read and further understand what they have read. 2.Fast reading and careful reading to understand the passage correctly. 3.Pair or group work to make the students take an active part in the activities in class. V．Teaching Aids: 1.a TV set and a VCD 2.a projector 3.a recorder VI．Teaching Procedures: Step Ⅰ. Greetings Greet the whole class as usual. Step Ⅱ. Discussion and Lead-in T:Yesterday we learned about festivals by listening and speaking.Are you interested in festivals? Ss:Yes.Very much. T:Me too.So,let's watch a program about a festival now.(Teacher turns on the TV set and plays the VCD.After the students watch the TV program for a while,teacher asks them some questions.) T:Can you tell me which festival the program is about? Ss:Yes.It's about the Spring Festival. T:How do you know? Ss:From what they are wearing and what they are doing.And also from the happy atmosphere. T:Yes.We are Chinese,so we are very familiar with it.Now look at the questions on the screen and discuss them with your partner.(Teacher shows the screen.) 1.How does your family celebrate the Spring Festival? 2.Why do we celebrate the Spring Festival? 3.Do festivals help us understand our history and culture? 4.Do you think that people are spending too much on gifts and other things during major festivals like Christmas and the Spring Festival? (After the Ss discuss for a few minutes,teacher begins to ask them to talk about the questions one by one.) T:OK.Stop!Who'd like to talk about the first question? S1:Before the Spring Festival,we clean our houses and put red couplets on our gates.On the eve of the Spring Festival,we set off firecrackers and a get-together banquet is a must.The most popular food is Jiaozi.On the first day of the new year,everybody wears new clothes and greets relatives and friends with bows and congratulations wishing each other the best during the new year. T:How about the second question? S2:To celebrate the rebirth of Nature;to mark the beginning of the planting season and other outdoor activities;to have a good rest and relaxation between winter and spring after a year's hard work. T:The third one? S3:Yes.I think so,because most of the festivals were created a long time ago. T:Then the last question? S4:No,I don't think so.People spend much money,but this shows a kind of culture and the closeness between people. S5:I think it's too much.It causes a waste of money. S6:… T:Oh.Your opinions are different.But time is limited in class.After class,you can continue your discussion.OK? Ss:OK. T:Well.Today we'll read a passage-The birth of a festival.First,let's learn the new words in the passage.(Teacher deals with the new words with the whole class.) Step Ⅲ. Reading T:Now please turn to Page 7 Read the passage silently and quickly to get the general idea.After a while,I'll ask you a few questions about it.(When the Ss are reading the passage,teacher writes the questions on the Bb: 1.Why did Dr. Karenga create Kwanzaa? 2.When is the festival?How do people celebrate it? 3.What are the seven principles of Kwanzaa? Several minutes later,teacher checks the answers.) T:Well.Have you finished reading it? Ss:Yes. T:OK.Who'd like to answer the first question on the blackboard? S7:Karenga created Kwanzaa so that Africa-Americans would be able to celebrate their history and culture. T:The second one? S8:It begins one day after Christmas and ends on New Year's Day.By lighting a candle each day and discussing one of the seven principles of Kwanzaa. T:What are the seven principles? S9:They are unity,self-determination,living together,working together,purpose,creativity and faith. (Teacher writes the seven principles on the Bb.) T:Well.Now re-read the passage carefully to further understand it.Then work in groups of four to discuss the following questions on the screen.(Teacher shows the screen.) 1.Many festivals are celebrated at the same time,often at certain times of the year.Why do we celebrate these festivals at these times? 2.Compare Kwanzaa with the Chinese Spring Festival and Christmas.How are they similar or different? 3.Look at the seven principles of Kwanzaa.Which one do you think is the most important?Why?Are there any other festivals which have one or more of the same principles? (After the Ss discuss for a few minutes,teacher asks some of them to talk about each question.) T:Who'd like to talk about the first question?Li Hui,can you have a try? S10:I think it's because their purposes are similar,the themes of them may be the same and the things they celebrate may have something to do with the times. T:The second question.Liu Chang,please. S11:They are all the ways to celebrate their history and culture and the ways to get together to greet new year and think about the past.But Kwanzaa is not the same as the Spring Festival and Christmas with commercial activities,and they are celebrated at different times and in different ways. T:You are careful.Then the last question.Volunteers? S12:I think“unity”is very important,because“Unity is power.” S13:I think“creativity”is very important,because no creativity,no happy days and no glorious future. S14:I think “faith”is very important,because faith is the basis for communication with each other. S15:… … T:Your opinions are all reasonable.Next please tell me if there are any other festivals which have one or more of the same principles. S16:I think National Day has “unity”and“creativity”. S17:… … T:You all did very well.So much for this part.Now please read aloud the passage and try to understand it better.At the same time,pay attention to the useful phrases in it.(After a while,teacher shows the following on the screen and asks the students to finish it together.) Fill in the blanks with the right phrases. in common believe in as well as as…as one can so that so…that 1.The boy over there is bleeding__________badly__________he can not stop it. 2.I__________ __________his good character. 3.I have nothing__________ __________with Jane. 4.He grows flowers__________ __________ __________vegetables. 5.Many more trees should be planted __________ __________the soil can be held in place on the hillside. 6.Try to speak English__________often__________ __________ __________. Suggested answers: 1.so…that 2.believe in 3.in common 4.as well as 5.so that 6.as…as you can Step Ⅳ. Listening and Consolidation T:OK.Now you've been familiar with the passage,so close your books.Listen to the tape and finish the “true”or“false”exercise on the screen. (Teacher shows the screen and then turns on the recorder.After listening,teacher checks the answers with the whole class.) The sentences below summarize the reading.Read them and decide if they are true or false.Write the letter“T”if the sentence is true.If it is false,write“F”and correct the error. 1.( )Kwanzaa is a very old festival. 2.( )The word Kwanzaa means first fruit in Swahili. 3.( )Kwanzaa is based on old African festivals. 4.( )Dr Karenga created Kwanzaa to celebrate American culture. 5.( )Kwanzaa is celebrated on the same day as Christmas. 6.( )People who celebrated Kwanzaa light a candle for each of the seven principles. Suggested answers: 1.F Kwanzaa is a very young festival. 2.T 3.T 4.F Dr Karenga created Kwanzaa to celebrate Africa-American culture and history. 5.F Kwanzaa is celebrated from December 26 to January 1. 6.T Step Ⅴ. Summary and Homework T:In this class,we've learned more about festivals,customs and habits by reading“The birth of a festival”.We know festivals are closely related to a country's history and culture.We should also know that they all play important parts in learning a country's language.After class,please further understand its meaning in history and culture.Besides,please preview next part-Language study.That's all for today.Good-bye,everyone! Ss:Good-bye,teacher! Step Ⅵ. The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard The Third Period I．Teaching Aims: 1.Review the new words appearing in the last two periods. 2.Learn to use the modal verbs-must,have to,have got to. II．Teaching Important Points: 1.Learn to guess the missing word according to the given sentence. 2.Master the modal verbs correctly. III．Teaching Difficult Point: How to use“must”,“have to”and“have got to”properly and how to use their negative forms correctly. IV．Teaching Methods: 1.Practise and consolidate the words learned in the last two periods. 2.Giving examples to explain the difference between “must”and“have to”and the difference between“mustn't”and“don't have to”. 3.Making sentences to consolidate the usages of the modal verbs. V．Teaching Aids: 1.a projector 2.some slides 3.some pictures VI．Teaching Procedures: Step Ⅰ. Greetings Greet the whole class as usual. Step Ⅱ. Revision T:In the last class,we read the passage-The birth of a festival.By reading it,we've learnt something about Kwanzaa,such as the birth of it,the purpose of it,the way of celebrating it,and the seven principles of it.Now I want to ask you some questions about it.The first one:Who created this festival? Ss:Dr Maulana Karenga. T:The second one:Is it a young or an old festival?When was it born? Ss:It is a young festival born in 1966. T:When do people celebrate it? Ss:From December 26(one day after Christmas)to January 1(New Year's Day). T:How do people celebrate it? Ss:By lighting a candle each day and discussing one of the seven principles of Kwanzaa. T:Why did Dr Karenga create Kwanzaa? Ss:To celebrate Africa-American culture and history. T:Quite right.In fact we are all creating new festivals every year-festivals and holidays are always changing and as we celebrate them,we make new history and develop our culture.All the holidays and festivals help us understand who we are,remember where we come from and share our hopes for a happy future.Do you think so? Ss:Yes. T:So much for my questions about the passage.Besides,we learned some words in it.Do you still remember the meanings of them?Let's do an exercise on the screen.(Teacher shows the screen.) Find the right explanation for each word. 1.nation 2.faith 3.determination 4.purpose 5.generation 6.ancestor 7.peace 8.trick A.a strong wish to succeed in doing something B.large community of people;country C.belief in something or someone D.an action meant to deceive(欺骗)someone E.a reason for doing something F.the people born at a certain time G.a person in your family who lived a long time ago H.quietness and calm T:Now please look at the screen.Find the right explanation for each of the words.I read the word,and you find and read aloud the right explanation to it.OK? Ss:OK. T:Nation. Ss:Large community of people;country. T:… Ss:… … Suggested answers: 1-B 2-C 3-A 4-E 5-F 6-G 7-H 8-D T:Well done.Next,we'll deal with Language study.First,Word study.Then,Grammar.Now open your books at Page….Look at the part-Word study.…Are you ready? Ss.Yes. T:Here is an exercise for you to do.Choose the best word to fill in each blank.Change the form of the word where necessary.Three minutes later,I'll check your answers. Suggested answers: 1.theme,faith,purpose 2.nations,generation,determination 3.joy,ancestors,birth 4.trick,peace,treated Step Ⅳ. Grammar T:We all know that Dr Karenga wrote seven principles of Kwanzaa in the reading material“The birth of a festival”.Can you tell me what they are? Ss:They are unity,self-determination,living together,purpose,working together… T:What does“purpose”mean? Ss:We must remember our past and build our future…. T:How about self-determination? Ss:We have to build our own lives,create for ourselves,and speak for ourselves. T:Quite right.(Teacher writes these sentences on the Bb.)Now,please look at the blackboard.In these two sentences,“must”and“have to”are both used to talk about obligation.But their meanings are not quite the same.“Must”is most often used to talk about an obligation that depends on the person speaking of listening.“Have to”is generally used to talk about obligations that come from “outside”.Let's look at another two sentences and compare them.(Teacher writes the fallowing sentences on the blackboard: 1.We must be back by ten. 2.We have to be back by ten.) T:Xiao Yu,can you tell the difference in meaning between them? S1:Yes.The first sentence means that we think it is necessary for us to be back by ten.The second one means someone else thinks it necessary for us to be back by ten,or means that there seems to be no other choice. T:(To the whole class.)Do you agree with him? Ss:Yes. T:Then when can we use“have got to”? Ss:In informal English,“have got to”can be used instead of“have to”. T:Can you give an example?Zhao Ning,you try,please. S2:It's getting late,so I'm afraid I've got to go.(Teacher writes it on the Bb.) T:Very good.Thank you.Now,please look at the pictures on the screen and describe what an army man must do or have to do.(Teacher shows the pictures and ask the students to describe each of them one by one.) Suggested answers: 1.You have to keep your hair short. 2.You must stand to attention. 3.You have to keep your boots clean. 4.You have to get up early. 5.You must keep fit./You must do exercises. 6.You must salute your superiors. 7.You have to learn to use a rifle./You must learn to shoot. 8.You must keep your equipment clean./You have to clean your equipment. T:Well done.You've known the differences between them in meaning.Besides,we should know that“have to”has more tenses than“must”.“Must”can only be used to express present and future obligation;past obligation is usually expressed by using“had to”.For example,when I was your age,I had to get up at 5 every morning.But in reported speech,“must”can be used.Look at this sentence:I told him he must make a decision.Have you understood my explanations?(Teacher writes the examples on the Bb while explaining.) Ss:Yes. T:Very good.Now let's go on with the negative forms of them.Li Hua,can you tell us the negative forms of“must”and“have to”? S3:… (Teacher writes the negative forms on the Bb:must not=mustn't;do not have to=don't have to) T:Do they have the same meaning? Ss:No.They have quite different meanings. T:Well.Let's compare another two sentences. (Bb:You mustn't tell George.You don't have to tell George.) T:Li Hui,would you like to have a try? S4:Yes.The first sentence means“don't tell George”.The second sentence means“you can if you like but it isn't necessary”. T:Quite right.Instead of“don't have to”,needn't is often used in British English,so we also say“You needn't tell George.”It has the same meaning as “You don't have to tell George.”Can you understand? Ss:Yes.We're quite clear about that. T:OK.Next,let's do some exercises. Step Ⅴ. Practice T:Now,turn to Page 9.Look at the first exercise in Grammar part.Here are some greeting manners in the table.First you have to decide which are necessary and which are not.Then make sentences using“must”,“have to”or their negative forms after studying the given examples below.A few minutes later,I'll ask some of you to read your sentences to the class.Are you clear? Ss:Yes. Suggested answers: 1.When you're talking with someone,you must look into his or her eyes. 2.If you meet a friend from China,you don't have to kiss him on the cheek or hug him. 3.When a soldier meets his officer,he must salute him. 4.When you are invited to a formal party,you must wear clean clothes. 5.If you want to show your respect to others,you must take off your hat when you greet them. (After that,teacher goes on to deal with the second exercise.) T:Next,let's do the second exercise.Suppose you are spending the Spring Festival at your grandparents' house.Complete the following sentences with“have got to”.First do it by yourself,then exchange your work for comment and correction with your partner. Suggested answers: 1.Your school starts tomorrow,so you have got to say“Good-bye”to your grandparents. 2.You broke your grandma's favourite vase,so you have got to make an apology to her. 3.Your parents went back to work three days ago,so you have got to stay alone at your grandparents' house. 4.Your grandparents have given you quite a lot of money,so you have got to consider how to spend it. 5.You have done your homework all wrong,so you have got to do it again. 6.You do not know when you should go to school tomorrow,so you have got to make a call to ask your classmate. 7.Your grandma was seriously ill,so you have got to send her to hospital. 8.You have not bought the ticket to return to your home,so you have got to wait to buy it the next day. Step Ⅵ. Summary and Homework T:In this class,we've reviewed the new words we learned.And we've also learnt to use the modal verbs“must”,“have to”and“have got to”.After class,review the contents in this class,paying special attention to the differences between“must”and“have to”and the differences between“mustn't”and“don't have to”.You'd better do more exercises to learn to use them properly.That's all for today.See you! Ss:See you. Step Ⅶ. The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard Ⅰ.must,have to,have got to a.We must remember our past and build our future. We have to build our own lives,create for ourselves,and speak for ourselves. b.We must be back by ten. We have to be back by ten. c.It's getting late,so I'm afraid I have got to go. Ⅱ.Forms in Tense a.When I was your age,I had to get up at 5 every morning. I told him he must make a decision. Ⅲ.Negative Form must-must not(=mustn't) have to-do not have to(=don't have to=needn't) e.g.You mustn't tell George.(=Don't tell George.) You don't have to tell George.(=You needn't tell George.) The Fourth Period I．Teaching Aims: 1.Learn the following words and phrases:reminder,care about,respect,cycle,fool,play tricks on,take in,invitation 2.Review the language points and modal verbs in this unit. 3.Train the students' intergating skills,especially writing skill. II．Teaching Important Points: 1.Useful expressions:care about,play tricks on,take in 2.Practise expressing and supporting an opinion. 3.Write an invitation. III．Teaching Difficult Points: 1.How to create a festival and describe it. 2.How to write an invitation. IV．Teaching Methods: 1.Review method to consolidate the language points of this unit. 2.Individual,pair or group work to finish the reading and writing tasks. V．Teaching Aids: 1.a projector 2.some slides VI．Teaching Procedures: Step Ⅰ. Greetings Greet the whole class as usual. Step Ⅱ. Revision T:Yesterday,we learned to use “must”,“have to” and “have got to”.We know all of them can be used to talk about obligation.Do you remember when we should use “must”,when we should use “have to”and when we should use“have got to”? Ss:Yes. T:Very good.Zhao Liang,can you tell“must” from “have to”? S1:You use“must”when you think it is necessary for someone to do something;you use “have to” when someone else thinks it is necessary or there seems to be no other choice. T:Quite right.Li Hao,can you tell “have to” from “have got to”? S2:In informal English,“have got to”is used instead of “have to”. T:You are right.Do the negative forms of them have the same meaning? Ss:No,quite different,“Mustn't” means “don't do something”;“dont't have to”means “you can do it if you like,but it is not necessary”. T:Can you tell any other differences between them? Ss:Yes.“Have to”has more tenses than“must”.“Must”can only be used to express present and future obligation;past obligation is usually expressed by using “had to”. T:Very good.So much for revision.Today we are going to read about some other festivals.Besides,you can create a festival and then write an invitation to invite your guests to your festival.First,let's learn the new words.(Teacher deals with the new words with the whole class.) Step Ⅲ. Reading T:Now,please turn to Page 9.Read the passage carefully.Try to remember some information about each festival.(The Ss begin to read.After a few minutes,the teacher begins to ask them questions about the passage.) T:OK.Now I want to ask you some questions about the festivals in the passage.Listen carefully!What is the purpose of Earth Day?Any volunteer? S1:To celebrate life and our planet;to remind us to care about the world we live in and to respect life and nature. T:Right.The next question:When is Martin Luther King.Jr Day? S2:On the third Monday of January. T:Quite right.Next one:What does the Day of the Dead celebrate in Mexico? S3:The festival celebrates both the living and the dead.It is not a sad day,but rather a time to celebrate the cycle of life. T:You are right.The last question:What kind of things may happen on April Fool's Day? S4:Strange things may happen.People play tricks on each other and try to fool each other.Whatever the trick is,if a person is taken in,he or she is called “April Fool!” T:Correct.You all did very well!You've understood the passage better.Now let's learn some useful expressions in it.Look at the screen.(Teacher shows the screen and explains the use of them to the Ss.) 1.care about e.g.He doesn't seem to care about his failure in the exam. He didn't care about his kingdom or his people. 2.play tricks on/play a trick on e.g.He plays tricks on others in that way. Jack planned to play a trick on this giant. 3.take in e.g.She took me in completely with her story. You won't take me in that easily (Bb:care about,play tricks on,take in) T:(After the useful phrases)OK.Now I give you some more time to re-read the passage and discuss the questions after the passage with your partner.After a while,I'll check your work. (The Ss begin to carry out the task.Several minutes later,the teacher says the following.) T:Well.Now I want to know your opinions about these questions.Who'd like to talk about the first one?Volunteers? S1:We can plant trees. S2:We can tell stories about the creation of the earth. S3:We can draw pictures to show our beautiful world or draw pictures to warn people not to do harm to the earth. S4:… T:Your ways are all very good.The world we live in must become more and more beautiful so that we can live more comfortably.Are there any similar festivals in China? S5:Yes.Like Tree-planting Day. T:Quite right.Next question:Have you heard of an April Fool's Day?What happened? S6:Yes.People played tricks on each other and a lot of people were taken in. T:The third question:Why do so many festivals honour our ancestors? S7:I think it's because our ancestors created and developed our history and culture.This way,we'll remember the history and culture created by them;we'll go on creating new history and developing our culture;we'll understand what we are,remember where we come from and share our hopes for a happy future. T:Excellent!We all know that some festivals are to celebrate the memory of a great man or woman.How would you celebrate? S8:We tell stories about them or their deeds.We get together to discuss what we should learn from and what we should do in the future.Besides,we do something useful for the society to honour them. T:Who are some great men and great women you think we should celebrate? Ss:Chairman Mao,Zhou Enlai,Deng Xiaoping,Song Qingling,Liu Hulan… T:The last question:What do you think“A day on,not a day off”mean? Ss:It means that the holiday is not just a day off from work or school,but a day on and a time to get involved in community service initiatives. T:Quite right!So much for these questions. Step Ⅳ. Writing T:Up to now,we've read a lot about festivals.We've read about the principles of Kwanzaa and how the festival was created.Can you tell me what we should write about to creat a festival? Ss:First we should give the name of the festival,and then give its date,its meaning,its principles as well as the way of our celebrating it and the symbol of it. (Teacher writes the contents above on the Bb.) T:You are right.Now it's your turn to create a festival.First please finish the contents mentioned on the blackboard.Then write a short description of your festival.At the end,tell your classmates about your festival.You can begin now.One possible sample. Girls' Day Apart from Women's Day and your birthday celebrated every year,have you ever dreamed of possessing a special day belonging to girls?Yes,I have.I hope there'll be a Girls' Day,and it will be celebrated on July 18.On that day,all the girls will gather at a party to celebrate their being more independent and confident than before.At the party,every girl will tell others one story about herself which she was most proud of.In the end,they will choose one to be the model at the party,from whom they should learn. The principles of Girls' Day are: 1.Self-esteem.Only when we respect ourselves,can we get respect from others. 2.Self-independence.We have to build our own lives,work for ourselves,study for ourselves. 3.Self-confidence.We have to establish our own faith of overcoming difficulties before us,never easily give up without trying. I hope people will remember this day,and people will have a renewed opinion about girls and treat them as equally as boys.I hope all the girls will like this day and become more and more independent and confident. (After a short time,teacher says the following.) T:OK.Now you've created your festival.Maybe you want to invite some guests to celebrate it with you.How will you invite them? Ss:Send an invitation letter. T:A good idea.Then how do you write an invitation letter?What should you tell them about the festival and what should be included in it?Now please read the tips at Page 10,which will tell you how to write an invitation.After that,please write your invitation by yourself.At the end,exchange your papers to comment and correct it. One possible sample: Invitation to Girls' Day Miss…， We are here honoured to invite you to take part in the party specially held for Girls' Day,which will be celebrated for girls' becoming more independent and confident.At the party,each girl will be asked to tell a story about herself which she is most proud of,and a model will be chosen at the end of the party.I think this will help to further improve the girls' qualities.The party will be held from 2：30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. on July 18 at the auditorium of Xinhua School.Hope to see you at that time. Sincerely ××× July 3, 2003 Step Ⅴ. Checkpoint T:At the beginning of the class,we've revised the use of the modal verbs“must”“have to”and“have got to”.Now I want you to make some sentences with them or their negative forms.OK? Ss:OK. T:Any volunteer? S1:You don't have to take this medicine,but your head may hurt less if you do so. S2:You must not smoke in this part of the hospital. S3:She will have to remain in hospital until she was better. S4:I have to ask for a day off because my mother is ill. S5:I have got to leave now,or I'll be late. T:Excerllent!Besides,we've also learned some useful expressions in this unit.Can you tell me what they are? Ss:They are dress up,care about,play tricks on,take in… T:I'd like you to make some sentences with them.Volunteers? S6:Don't bother to dress up-come as you are. S7:I don't care much about music. S8:They played a trick on me. S9:Don't be taken in by his charming manner;he's completely ruthless. S10:… … T:Perfect!I think the others must have good sentences,too.Please write in your exercise-books and check them each other after class. Step Ⅵ. Summary and Homework T:Now let's see what we've learnt in this class and then what we've learnt in this unit.In this class,we mainly did some reading and writing about festivals.After class,you should practise more.In this unit,we've learnt a lot about festivals.We should know that festivals play an important part in learning about a country's history and culture.So it is also very important in learning a nation's language.After class,try to learn more about festivals,customs and habits of foreign countries as well as those of our own country.So much for today.See you next day. Ss:See you next day. Step Ⅶ. The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard Ⅰ.How to create a festival Name of the festival: Date: Meaning: Principles: How is the festival celebrated: What is the symbol of the festival Ⅱ.How to write an invitation What: When: Where: Who: Why: Ⅲ.Useful Expressions: dress up,care about,play tricks on,take in The Fifth-Sixth Period Modal Verbs(Ⅰ) I．Teaching Aims: 1.Review the usages of modal verbs which express“obligation”. 2.Sum up some other main usages of these modal verbs. II．Teaching Important Points: 1.How to correctly use modal verbs which express“obligation”. 2.How do tell the differences between“must”and“have to”and between“mustn't”and “don't have to”. 3.How to understand the meaning of the structure“should/ought to+have+p.p.”. 4.How to correctly use the negative forms of“had better”,“ought to” and “have to”. III．Teaching difficult Points: How to correctly choose modal verbs in different situations. IV．Teaching Methods: 1.Review method and inductive method to enable the students to make clear what they've learned. 2.Practice to make the students master what they've learned correctly. V．Teaching Aids: a projector and some slides;a multimedia VI．Teaching Procedures: Step Ⅰ. Greetings Greet the whole class as usual. Step Ⅱ. Lead-in T:In these two units,we learned to use some modal verbs to express“obligation and duty”and to give advice about something.Please tell me what they are? Ss:They are must,have(got)to,had better,should and ought to. (Teacher writes them on the Bb.) T:Yes.Now let's do an exercise.(Teacher shows the screen.) 1.When travelling,you__________take care of your health. 2.In some parts of the world,you__________boil the water before drinking it. 3.If you have a stomach pain,you__________drink hot weak tea. 4.You__________take this medicine,but your head may hurt less if you do so. 5.You__________swim immediatly after a heavy meal. 6.You__________not wake me up when you come in. Now look at the sentences on the screen and fill in each blank with the modal verbs on the blackboard.Let's finish them together orally. Suggested answers: 1.should/must 2.must/have to 3.should/ought to 4.don't have to 5.should not/ought not to/must not 6.had better Step Ⅲ. Revision of the Usages of the Modal Verbs T:Well done.As we all know,“must,should and ought to”all express obligation and duty.When“must”expresses obligation and duty,it is much more forceful than“should”and“ought to”.It expresses very emphatic advice.For example:The work must be finished before dark.“Must”is only used in affirmative sentence and an interrogative sentence to express obligation and duty.Then what should we use in a negative sentence? Ss:Don't have to,needn't or don't need to. T:Why don't we use“mustn't”? Ss:“Mustn't”expresses“be forbidden”. (Bb:must,don't have to,needn't,mustn't) T:Now please look at the exercise on the screen and choose the best answer.(Teacher shows the screen.) -Must I do it now? -No,you__________. A.needn't B.don't have to C.mustn't D.A or B Ss:D. T:Yes.It is D.We can't use “mustn't”to express obligation and duty.Are you clear about that? Ss:Yes. T:Do you know the difference between“must”and“have to”? S1:Yes.“Must”expresses an obligation imposed by the speaker,while“have to”expresses an external obligation. S2:Besides,“have to”can be used in all tenses,while“must” can only be used to express the present tense and the future tense. T:Then how about the difference between“have to”and “have got to”? S3In informal English,“have got to”is used instead of“have to”. T:Quite right.Now please look at the sentences on the screen.(Teacher uses multimedia to show the sentences on the screen and study them with the students.) 1.That boy has to practise the piano every day. 2.You will have to keep your dog on a lead when you are travelling. 3.He lost all his money and I had to lend him $5. 4.Children must obey their parents. 5.I must go home to look after my mother. (Bb:has to,will have to,had to,must.) T:OK.“Must”can also express“guess”when we want to say that we are sure about something.“Must”is only used in this way in affirmative sentences.In questions and negatives,we use“can”and“can't”instead.We can use“must/can't +be+doing”to express the present continuous situation and can use“must/can't +have done”to express the situation which has already happened.Let't look at some sentences on the screen.(Teacher shows the screen and help the Ss understand them.) He must be ill,for he looks so pale. It must be raining outside. It must have rained last night.The ground is wet. He can't be ill.I saw him playing basketball just now. What do you think this letter can mean? (Bb:must/can't+do/be doing have done.) (After that,teacher goes on to revise the usages of“should”“ought to”and “had better” with the Ss.) T:Next,let's revise the usages of “had better”“should”and“ought to”.All of them can be used to talk about obligation and duty,but they are much less forceful than“must”.They can be used to give advice or opinion about something,in general to say what we think it is right or good for people to do.We know“had better”is less strong than“should”or “ought to”.Then who can tell me if there is any difference between“should”and“ought to”? S4:In most cases,both“should”and“ought to”can be used with more or less the same meaning.There is,however,a very slight difference.“Should”generally means“in my opinion,it is your duty.”“Ought to”can be slightly stronger than“should”when it is used to refer to regulations or duties imposed from the outside. T:Quite right.Do you know the negative forms of them? Ss:Their negative forms are separately“shouldn't”, “ought not to”and“had better not”. (Teacher writes the negative forms on the Bb.) T:Correct.Now let's look at some sentences on the screen. You should study first aid with a teacher. You ought not to write so carelessly. Oughtn't we to give him a chance to try? You'd better hurry up if you want to get home before dark. You'd better not look at this. T:(After the above.)Besides,we use“should”or“ought to”with the perfect infinitive to talk about things which did not happen,although they were supposed to,and we use their negative forms with the perfect infinitive to talk about things which happened,although they were not supposed to.Please look at the sentences on the screen. I ought to have taken those books back to the library last night. You should have realized that she was joking. She ought not to have sold the ring. You shouldn't have given him the money. (Bb:should(not)/ought(not)to+have done) T:Moreover,“should”and“ought to”can also be used to talk about strong probability.Look at the examples on the screen. It's nice o'clock.He should be at home,I think. I've bought thirty pints of beer-that ought to be enough. Note that“should”and“ought to”are used to talk about the present and future,not the past. Step Ⅳ. Practice T:OK.Now let's do some exercises to consolidate what we have learned.Please look at the screen. Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks using have to,must,should,ought to,had better. 1.You__________not get down until the bus has stopped. 2.They__________be encouraged to speak English after class. 3.You often__________ __________wait a long time for a bus. 4.We__________ __________go and see Mary tomorrow,but I don't think we will. 5.I __________ __________ not miss my train. Suggested answers: 1.must 2.should 3.have to 4.ought to 5.had better Ⅱ.Correct the mistake in each sentence. 1.You have better hurry up. 2.The taxi should arrive to 8:30,but it didn't turn up. 3.That mustn't be the postman-it's only seven o'clock. 4.People ought vote even if they don't agree with any of the candidates. Suggested answers: 1.have-had 2.should arrive-should have arrived 3.mustn't-can't 4.ought-ought to Step Ⅴ. Summary and Homework T:Today we've revised the usages of modal verbs“must,have to,had better,should and ought to”.All of them can be used to talk about obligation and duty,to give advice or opinion.Also we have revised their other main usages,such as,the difference between“must”and“have to”,the difference between“should”and “ought to”,the usages to express possibility and the structure“should(not)/ought(not)to have done”.You must remember them correctly and practise more.That's all for today.Bye. Ss:Bye. Step Ⅵ. The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard Ⅰ.must,have to,have got to 1.must/will have to/had to/has to 2.mustn't/needn't/don't need to/don't have to 3.must/can't+do/being done/have done Ⅱ.should,ought to,had better 1.shouldn't/ought not to/had better not 2.should/ought to have done should not/ought not to have done Step Ⅶ. Record after Teaching _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ Reference for Teaching 一、异域风情 1. Valentine's Day Valentine's Day(情人节)is named for Saint Valentine,an early Christian churchman who reportedly helped young lovers.Valentine was killed for his Christian beliefs on February 14 more than 1 700 years ago,but the day that has his name is even earlier than that. More than 2 000 years ago,the ancient Romans celebrated(庆祝)a holiday for lovers.As part of the celebration,girls wrote their names on pieces of paper and put them in a large container.Boys reached into the container and pulled one out.The girl whose name was written on the paper became his lover or sweetheart for a year. Lovers still put their names on pieces of paper and they send each other Valentine's Day cards that tell of their love.Sometimes they also send gifts,like flowers or chocolate candy.Americans usually send these gifts and cards through the mail system.But some use another way to send this message.They have it printed in a newspaper.The cost is usually a few dollars.Some of the messages are simple and short,“Jane,I love you very much.”Others say more.This one,for example,“Don,roses are red.Violets(紫罗兰)are blue.I hope you love me as much as I love you.Forever,Mary.” Most of the newspapers that print such messages are local,but USA Today is sold throughout the United States and 90 other countries as well.This means someone can send a Valentine message to a lover in a far-away city or town almost anywhere in the world.These messages cost 80 dollars and more.An employee(职员)of USA Today says readers can have a small heart or rose printed along with their messages this year.Will this kind of Valentine's Day message reach the one you love?Well,just make sure he or she reads the newspaper. 2. Cluster-of-lights Festival People travel enormous distances just to be home with their families for this happiest and most important of Hindu holidays.And the homes look inviting,too,throughout the late-autumn week of Diwali,especially at night,as celebrants line window sills,porches,and garden walls with long rows of tiny earthenware oil lamps,whose cotton wicks give off a soft,pulsating glow.Diwali is a sort of New Year,at which time people strive to settle old feuds and quarrels and,if they can afford it,buy brand-new clothes in which to celebrate.In the mountain region,bonfires devour the year's accumulation of combustible garbage;in many cities,fireworks dance across the sky. The festivities honor the victory of Rama-an avatar of the love-god Vishnu-over the ten-headed demon who had stolen Rama's wife,Sita.Devotional music and lamp-lighting ceremonies give way to vegetarian feasts,games of chance,and the exchanging of gifts,usually fruits or sweets.Some Hindu temples display towers of pastries fifteen feet high. 二、知识归纳 1.春节常用表达归纳 春节 the Spring Festival 正月 the first month of the lunar year 除夕 New Year's Eve 正月初一 the lunar New Year's Day 元宵节 the Lantern Festival 过年 celebrate the Spring Festival 春联 Spring Festival couplets 剪纸 paper-cuts 年画 New Year paintings 买年货 do Spring Festival shopping 敬酒 propose a toast 灯笼 lantern 烟花 fireworks 爆竹 firecrackers 灯谜 riddles written on lanterns 灯会 exhibit of lanterns 守岁 staying-up 拜年 pay New Year call;give New Year's greetings;New Year's visit 压岁钱 gift money 辞旧岁 bid farewell to the old year 扫房 spring cleaning;general house-cleaning 年糕 Nian-gao;rice cake;New Year's cake 团圆饭 family reunion dinner 年夜饭 the dinner on New Year's Eve 饺子 Jiao-zi;dumpling 汤圆 Tang-yuan;dumplings made of sweet rice,rolled into balls and stuffed with either sweet or spicy fillings 金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home. 生意兴隆 Business flourishes. 岁岁平安 Peace all year round. 恭喜发财 Wish you prosperity. 和气生财 Harmoney brings wealth. 心想事成 May all your wishes come true. 吉祥如意 Everything goes well. 招财进宝 Money and treasures will be plentiful. 祝你一帆风顺！ Wish you every success! 事业成功，家庭美满！ Wish you success in your career and happiness of your family! 祝你在新的一年里快乐幸福！ Wish you happiness and prosperity in the coming year! 祝你幸福一年胜似一年！ May each year bring you greater happiness! 祝你新年快乐，万事如意！ Wish you a happy New Year and the best of everything! 祝你新年大吉！ Wish you good luck in the New Year! 祝你在新的一年里百尺竿头，更进一步！ Wish you further progress in the New Year! 愿数不尽的幸福和成功与岁同增！ May each year bring you greater happiness and greater success! 2.表示“目的”的方法归纳 (1)用“介词或介词短语”来表示目的： A.用介词for表“目的”，因for有“为了”之意。 e.g.go for a walk去散步 run for one's life逃命 read for pleasure读书以求乐趣 -Why do you come?你来干什么？ -For a dictionary.找本字典。 B.用“what…for”句型，表示“为什么，为何目的”？ e.g.What do you study English for? 你为什么学习英语？ What didn't you come for? 你不来的目的是什么？ C.用with/for the purpose of,for the sake of,in the hope of等短语表示目的，因为这些短语本身就是“为了”之意。 e.g.Today's advertisements often start with a question,or a puzzle,with the purpose of attracting the reader's attraction. 今天的广告常常以一个问句或一个谜语开头，目的是引起读者的注意。 He therefore loaded the ship with liters of winegar for the purpose of cleaning the inside of the ship. 因此，他在船上装了好几升的醋，用来清洗船舱内部。 (2)用“不定式或不定式短语”来表示目的： to/in order to/so as to do sth.均可表目的，但in order to和so as to 比to语气更强烈，目的更明确。in order to可以放在句首，而so as to一 般不放于句首，若否定目的状语时，可在to 前加not。 e.g.We got up early to catch the bus. 为了赶车，我们起得很早。 Soapy broke the window in order to/so as to/to run away. 为了逃跑，苏比打破了窗子。 In order to fetch wood,people had to walk many kilometres. 要打柴，村民们得走好多公里的路程。 (3)用“从句”来表示目的。 so that 和in order that可以引导目的状语从句。从句中常用can,could,may,might等情态动词，两者常可互换，但in order that 可放于句首，so that不行。但so that后面不跟情态动词时，可引导结果状语从句。 e.g.Speak clearly so that/in order that they may/can understand you. 讲清楚些，好让他们听懂。 She learns English so that she may get more knowledge. 她学英语是为了获得更多的知识。 Everybody lent a hand,so that the work was finished on time. 人人动手，结果按时完成了任务。 注：in order to/so as to作目的状语常可和in order that/so that引导的目的状语从句互换，但主语必须一致，如主语不一致，不定式就要用for引出其逻辑主语。 e.g.He has to work hard so that/in order that he'll be able to exam.=He has to work hard to/in order to/so as to pass the exam. 她努力学习，以便能通过考试。 I'll water the plants so that they will grow.=I'll water the plants for them to grow. 我浇灌植物，以便他们生长。 3.dress用法归纳 (1)vt.A.给……穿衣服。表示自己穿衣服这个动作时，接反身代词作宾语或者用作不及物动词；表示替别人穿衣服时，接表示人的名词或代词作宾语。构成dress sb./oneself结构。 e.g.After the bath,he dressed himself. 洗完澡后，他穿上衣服。 She hurriedly dressed her son and took him to the kindergarten. 她匆匆忙忙地给她儿子穿好衣服，然后带他到幼儿园。 B.用过去分词作表语，表示穿着状况。 e.g.He is well dressed. 他穿得很好。 The man is poorly dressed. 那人衣衫褴褛。 C.be/get dressed in表示穿着……的衣服，后面接表示衣服或者颜色的词。 e.g.She was dressed in white. 她穿着白衣服。 The two foreign students were both dressed in Chinese style clothes. 那两个外国学生都穿着中式衣服。 (2)vi.A.穿衣；穿(夜)礼服，后面常接副词或表示目的、场合的介词短语。 e.g.Get up and dress quickly. 快起床穿衣。 I'll be ready in a moment;I'm dressing. 我一会儿就准备好；我正在穿衣服。 Few people dress for dinner now. 现在很少有人穿礼服赴宴了。 They all dressed well(badly). 他们穿得都不错(不好)。 B.dress up穿上盛装，乔装打扮(指欧美人在化装舞会或演戏时穿的特殊服装)。 e.g.Don't bother to dress up-come as you are. 用不着穿讲究衣服--就穿平常的衣服来吧。 (3)n.女服；礼服；服装 dress作“女服”“礼服”解时是可数名词，作“服装”讲时，是不可数名词。 e.g.At the palace ball,all the women wore their smartest dresses. 在宫廷舞会上，所有的妇女都穿着最漂亮的衣(礼)服。 In this old play,the actors wear the dress of 100 years ago. 在这出旧戏中，演员们都穿着一百年前人们穿的服装。 He doesn't care much about dress. 他不太注意衣着。 Exercise: 单句改错(make+复合宾语) 1.He will make me to try again. 答案：把to去掉。当不定式作make的宾语时，一般不能带“to”。 2.I make the distance be about 40 miles. 答案：把be去掉或者在be 前加to。当make作“估计，认为”讲时，宾补中的to be一般省去，有时也不省。但不可只省去“to”。如：What bird do you make that to be? 3.He has been made recite the text. 答案：在recite之前加to。make用于被动语态，其后的不定式不能省去“to”。 4.A heavy rain made the river overflowing its banks. 答案：把overflowing改为overflow。 make后不能用现在分词作宾补。 5.You must try your best to make yourself understand. 答案：把understand改为understood。 在复合宾语中的逻辑谓语应含被动意义，故用过去分词。 6.She made a lot of noise go upstairs. 答案：把go改为going。这里的make意为“发出(声音)”，后不接宾补。 应改为现在分词going。这一分词短语作状语。可见，当make作“使役动词”时，后面才可接复合宾语。 课 后 记 四年级美术第八册《第14课艳丽的大公鸡》教学设计 一、教学目标： 本课属于“造型表现”学习领域的范畴，旨在通过本课的学习，使学生了解认识冷暖色，感受以冷暖色对比为主要表现方法的作品所产生的特有美感，并且学习运用冷暖色对比的方法来表现作品，科学的认识、理解色彩现象，培养学生的色彩美感意识，激发同学们学习色彩知识的兴趣，丰富学生对色彩的感受，提高学生的对色彩的感知能力和运用表现能力。 二、教学重点和难点： 了解冷暖色，认识和感知冷暖色对比带给人们的特有的美感及冷暖色在创作中的运用。 三、教学设计 （一）导入新课 1、谜语导入（头上顶着大红冠，身穿五彩花花衣，每天早晨要歌唱，人人听了忙穿衣）。 2、欣赏课本作品《金鸡展翅》 师：这张大公鸡画得真好看，为什么画得这么好看呢？ 3、师生互动 师：画面中都有哪些色彩？你能从老师手中的色相环中找到它们吗？ 师：如果让大家把老师手中的色相环中的颜色分成两组，你们可以分成哪两组？(红橙黄与蓝绿紫各成一组) 师：你对这两组颜色分别有什么感受？ 生：。 通常，颜色的冷暖，主要指的是人们看到某些颜色是产生的不同的心理感觉。红橙黄色可以让人感觉温暖。蓝绿紫的色彩让人感到凉爽、寒冷。而如果我们将冷暖色同时放在一个画面里，又会产生什么样的效果呢？ 师：今天我们就来一起研究冷暖色，并且用冷暖色对比的'方法画一画劳动人民的好朋友大公鸡。 板书：艳丽的大公鸡 （二）、讲授新课 1、提出问题 师：大家知道颜色为什么会让人有冷暖的区别吗？ 冷暖色是把温度的感觉同色彩的感觉联系在一起，是视觉和心理相互体验、相互关联的一种感受。 红橙黄色可以让人联想到太阳、节日、红旗，让人感到热烈、欢快、兴奋、温暖。 蓝绿紫色让人联想到大海、蓝天、森林、夜晚，让人感到凉爽、寒冷。 2、补充知识 师：心理学家做过实验，当人们置身于冷色的环境中时，心情会变得平静，血压、体温等都会保持在比较正常的状况，而且相对文静的人性格活泼的人更喜欢暖色，暖色有让人兴奋，温暖的作用。 3、分析思考 师：通过刚才学到的知识，想象一下如果这只大公鸡全部用冷色或者暖色来涂色和书上这只用冷暖色对比完成的画面给人的感受有什么不同？ （冷暖色对比使画面显得非常鲜艳，给人带来更加热烈、欢快、兴奋的感觉。其中像红绿、黄紫、蓝橙对比最强烈。） 4、欣赏书中作品 师：下面请同学们欣赏书中的学生作品，在欣赏的同时带着这样几个问题。1、作品中，哪些部位颜色用得最有规律？2、那些颜色用得随意性较强？3、讲一讲你最喜欢的作品，为什么喜欢它？ （三）、提出质疑 如果你来画一幅艳丽的大公鸡的画，你认为最大的困难是什么？ 师：（板演）大公鸡的基本状况（几何型构成），强调大公鸡的几个特点部位（高昂的头部、粗壮的爪子，翘起的尾巴） （四）、学生作业 作业要求：请你运用冷暖色对比的方法，画一只色彩艳丽的大公鸡。 为了让你的大公鸡脱颖而出，在涂色时可以运用规律性也可以运用随意性，在装饰上可以大胆夸张，也可以精美细致。时间充裕的同学可以添加背景。 （五）、展示交流： 组织学生展示、交流、评价作业。 （六）板书设计：艳丽的大公鸡（美术字） 冷色：安静清凉。 暖色：热情温暖。 冷暖对比：艳丽。 （七）教学反思 《艳丽的大公鸡》一课属于造型表现学习领域范畴，通过本课学习，使学生了解、认识冷暖色，了解冷色和暖色之间的相互关系，感受以冷暖色对比为主要表现方法的作品所产生的特有的美感，并且学习运用冷暖色对比的方法来表现作品，科学的认识、理解色彩现象，培养学生的色彩美感意识，激发学生学习色彩的兴趣，丰富学生对色彩的感受，提高学生对色彩的感知能力和运用表现能力。 教学目标： 1、认识本课生字，会写田字格内的生字，两条绿线内的字只识不写。认识新偏旁。 2、正确、流利、有感情的朗读课文。 3、了解植物的睡眠，激发认识大自然的兴趣。 第一课时 教学目标： 1、认识本课生字，会写田字格内的生字，两条绿线内的字只识不写。认识新偏旁。 2、有感情的朗读课文。 教学过程： 一、揭题导入 1、出示一些植物图片，学生叫出它们的名字。 2、板书课题。 3、指名都课题，齐读课题。 4、引导质疑：读了课题，你们想知道些什么？ 植物为什么要睡觉？ …… 二、初读指导 1、借助拼音自由读课文、标出自然段的序号，圈出生字词。 2、检查自读情况。 （1）出示生字词，指名认读，正音。 (2)指名读长句子，注意停顿。 三、再读课文，理清脉络 1、指名分自然段读课文，正音。 2、想一想，再填空。 (1)第（ ）自然段写植物也与人一样，会睡觉。 (2) 第（ ）自然段介绍了三种植物睡觉时的变化形态。 (3)第（ ）自然段写植物的睡眠是为了更好的生长。 四、识记部分生字字形，指导书写。 1、出示生字，组词，理解字义。 2、指导书写。 3、学生描红、临写。 二、布置作业 1、朗读课文。 2、抄写生字词。 第二课时 教学目标： 1、正确、流利、有感情的朗读课文。 2、了解植物的睡眠，激发认识大自然的兴趣。 教学过程： 一、复习导入： 1、齐读课题。 2、出示词语，开火车读。 二、精读课文。 1、学习第一段。（第一自然段） （1） 自由读第一自然段。 （2） 在课题的睡觉一词下方加点，指导学生练系语境理解词义，本文中的意思是指休息。 （3） 有感情的齐读第一自然段。 2、学习第二段（第二、三自然段） （1） 第二自然段。 学生自读课文，找出描写三叶草睡觉的句子。 有一种草，只要天一黑，他就睡了。 指名读，读好关联词“只要……就……,”突出三叶草睡觉的时间。 练习用“只要……就……”造句。 到了晚上，三片小叶就会叠起来，好像人闭上了眼睛。 出示图片，仔细观察三叶草的叶子睡觉时“折叠”的姿态。 引导学生联系生活理解“折叠”一词。 齐读第二自然段。 （2） 第三自然段。 a自由读，思考：这一段分别介绍了什么植物的睡眠？ B交流，相机出示: 夜晚，蒲公英……理解“合龙”和“低垂”的意思。 C表演朗读。 2、学习第三段（第四自然段） （1） 指名读。 （2） 讨论交流：植物为什么要睡觉？ （3） 理解词语：自我保护？ （4） 齐读第三段。 三、总结全文，拓展延伸 1、演一演：我是小小园艺师，介绍一下文中的几种植物分别是怎样睡觉。 2、说一说：你们还见过哪些植物睡觉的样子？ 四、识记部分生字字形，指导书写。 1、出示生字，理解字义。 2、指导书写，范写。 3、学生描红，临写生字词。 五、布置作业。 1、朗读课文。 2、课外搜集小动物自我保护的资料。 [苏教版语文一年级下册第14课《会睡觉的植物》教学设计] 教学内容：P.98.主体图P.99.例1及练习二十第1-3题。 教学目的： 1、认识简单的等可能性事件。 2、会求简单的事件发生的概率，并用分数表示。 3、在教学中渗透环保教育 教学重点：感受等可能性事件发生的等可能性，会用分数进行表示。 教学难点：验证掷硬币正面、反面朝上的可能性为。 教学准备：主体图挂图或投影，老师、学生收集生活中发生的一些事件（必然的、不可能的、不确定的），硬币。 教学过程： 一、信息交流。 1、学生交流收集到的相关资料，并对其可能性做出说明。 师出示收集的事件，共同讨论。 2、小结：在生活中有很多的不确定的事件，我们现在一起来研究它们的可能性大小。 二、新课学习 1、出示主体图，感受等可能性事件的等可能性。 观察主体图，你得到了哪些信息？ 在击鼓传花中，谁得到花的可能性大？掷硬币呢？ 生：击鼓传花时花落到每个人的手里的可能性相等，抛一枚硬币时正面朝上和反面朝上的可能性也是相等的。 在生活中，你还知道哪些等可能性事件？ 生举例….. 2、抛硬币试验 （1）分组合作抛硬币试验并做好记录（每个小组抛100次）。 抛硬币总次数 正面朝上次数 反面朝上次数 （2）汇报交流，将每一组的数据汇总，观察。 （3）出示数学家做的试验结果。 试验者 抛硬币总次数 正面朝上次数 反面朝上次数 德摩根 4092 2048 2044 蒲丰 4040 2048 1992 费勒 10000 4979 5021 皮尔逊 24000 12012 11988 罗曼若夫斯基 80640 39699 40941 观察发现，当实验的次数增大时，正面朝上和反面朝上的可能性都越来越逼近。 3、师生小结： 掷硬币时出现的情况有两种可能，出现正面是其中的一种情况，因此出现正面的可能性是。 三、练习 1、P.99.做一做 2、练习二十 第1---3题 四、课内小结 通过今天的学习，你有什么收获？ 第2课 事件发生的可能性（2） 教学内容：P.101.例2及练习二十一第1-3题。 教学目的： 1、会用数学的语言描述获胜的可能性。 2、通过游戏活动，让学生亲身感受到游戏规则的公平性，学会用概率的思维去观察和分析社会中的事物。 3、 通过游戏的公平性，培养学生的公平、公正意识，促进学生正直人格的形成。 教学重、难点：让学生认识到基本事件与事件的关系。 教学准备： 投影仪、扑克牌 教学过程： 一、复习 说出下列事件发生的可能性是多少？ 1、盒子中有红、白、黄三种颜色的球各一个，只取一次，拿出红色球的可能性是多少？白色呢？黄色？ 2、商场促销，将奖品放置于1到9号的罐子里，幸运顾客有一次猜奖机会，一位顾客猜中得奖的可能性是多少？ 3、盒子中有红色球5个，蓝色球12个，取一次，取出红色球的可能性大还是蓝色球？ 二、新授 1、在上题中，我们知道取出蓝色球的可能性大，到底取出蓝色球的可能性是多大呢？这就是我们今天要研究的问题。 出示击鼓传花的图画。 请学生说一说，击鼓传花的游戏规则。 小结：每一个人得到花的可能性相等，每个人得到花的可能性都是。 2、画图转化，直观感受 （1）每一个人得花的可能性是，男生得花的可能性是多少呢？ 生发表意见，全班交流。…….. 我们可以画图来看看同学们的想法是否正确。画图…….. 生：从图中可以发现，每一个人得花的可能性是，两个人就是，……9个人就是，女生的可能性也是。 师：如果18个学生中，男生10人，女生8人，男生女生得到花的可能性又各是多少呢？…… （2）练习本班实际，同桌同学相互说一说，男生女生得到花的可能性分别是多少？ （3）解决复习中的问题 拿到蓝色球的可能性是…… 3、小结 4、巩固练习 完成P.101.做一做。 （2）题讲评中须注意，指针停在每个小区域的可能性相等，因此次数也大体上相等，红色区域占了这样的3个，因此停在红色区域的次数就是一个区域的3倍。要让学生感受到这只是一可能性，出现的次数不是绝对的。 三、练习 完成练习二十一 1、第一题，准备9张1到9的扑克牌，通过游戏来完成。 2、第二题，学生在独立设计，全班交流。 3、第三题，独立思考，小组合作，全班交流。 四、课内小结 通过今天的学习，你有什么收获？ ★ 在家里教学设计 ★ 福楼拜的成就故事 ★ 家里过端午节 ★ 家里打扫卫生作文 ★ 家里的趣事范文篇7：高一第14单元备课教案 (新课标版高一英语教案教学设计)
篇8：四年级美术第八册《第14课艳丽的大公鸡》教学设计
篇9：苏教版语文一年级下册第14课《会睡觉的植物》教学设计
篇10：第1课事件发生的可能性（1） 教案教学设计(人教新课标五年级上册)
第14课福楼拜家里的星期天 设计(新课标)（共10篇）
