浅谈汽车的制动系统(三)驻车制系统和辅助制动系统

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【导语】“彩虹快线”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了7篇浅谈汽车的制动系统(三)驻车制系统和辅助制动系统，下面就是小编给大家分享的浅谈汽车的制动系统(三)驻车制系统和辅助制动系统，希望大家喜欢!

目录
第1篇：浅谈汽车的制动系统(三)驻车制系统和辅助制动系统第2篇：汽车制动系统之真空助力器第3篇：[外文翻译]Automobile Brake System-汽车制动系统第4篇：汽车防抱死制动系统信号处理实验分析第5篇：汽车防抱死制动系统三种控制算法制动性能比较第6篇：自动控制汽车制动轮毂淋水降温系统的研究第7篇：农用运输车制动系统的探讨

篇1：浅谈汽车的制动系统(三)驻车制系统和辅助制动系统

亲爱的读者,读了前两期介绍汽车制动系统的文章,相信再碰到ABS、EBD、BAS、ASR、ESP等车辆配置的名词,您就可以向周围的朋友侃侃而谈,开一堂汽车知识普及课了.编辑希望您再接再厉,读完这期的.内容,也就是这个系列的最后一篇,您将了解关于缓速器、EPB等名词的知识;另外,关于制动系统,您将有完整的认识了.

作者：黄安华杨世轶孙楠作者单位：刊名：驾驶园英文刊名：WORLD OF DRIVER 年，卷(期)：2010 “”(5) 分类号：关键词：

篇2：汽车制动系统之真空助力器

关键词：汽车真空助力器制动系统

汽车真空助力器是一个气动部件，由许多不同材质的零件组合而成，除金属件外，活塞体是电木材质，而膜片和密封件及反作用盘都是橡胶件，所以，其工作原理、设计结构和相关技术难度可想而知。

我国对汽车真空助力器的研制和生产始于上世纪八十年代，并且于1987年制定了我国第一部关于汽车真空助力器的汽车行业标准，即ZB/T24003-1987《真空助力器技术条件》和ZB/T24004-1987《真空助力器实验方法》(现均已被替代)，这两个行业标准的出版，有利的刺激了我国汽车真空助力器行业的发展，填补了我国在这项领域的空白，由此，我国汽车真空助力器行业进入了一个新纪元。

可是，由于我国工业基础较为落后，理论基础能力有限，一些重要的学术期刊在上世纪九十年代才出现，而其他大多数还维持在维修和加工工艺层面上的论述和探讨，所以，客观的说，我国现在关于这方面的理论水平和成果以及产品质量，同先进的西方国家相比还相差甚远。

近年来，我国汽车工业科技人员在真空助力器的研发上做了一些大胆的尝试和创新，也取得了一些成绩，但总体说来，我国具有自主知识产权和实用意义比较显著的产品的创新还有待进一步的探索和提高，在学术领域内，对汽车真空助力器进行系统研究的资料很少见，特别是深层次的研究成果更少，这种现状对我国国产真空助力器的生产企业和整个汽车行业都是不利的因素。

评价一辆汽车好与坏，是否优越，是否舒适，外观是否精美，是必不可少的，但也不能说明这辆车的优良，而是要考虑车的安全系统才是最为关键的指标，那就是制动系统的控制，真空助力器正是汽车制动系统的执行单元。

事实证明，现代人们在购车时，首现考虑的就是安全性，进而选择款式，但这就同我国落后的技术和局部领域的空白，势必影响到我国汽车行业的发展。

俗话说，有利就有弊，虽然这个领域我们的技术及人才不多，可是，这也给我们留下了广阔的发展空间和培养更高尖的技术人员的机会，所以，研究和发展汽车真空助力器的相关技术迫在眉睫，并且也具有深远意义。

现如今，我国已经有很多生产汽车真空助力器的厂家，而且也有很多国内知名的企业，但具有自主知识产权的产品不多，研发能力也很弱，所以，还处于多而不精，大而不强的状态。

今天，汽车真空助力器行业已经是一项关键项目，增强工业基础，发展相关科技已经是刻不容缓，尤其对我国这个汽车工业落后而需求过多更应该是如此。

在世界大发展中，我们似乎更应该支持国产化。

事实上，汽车制动系统的研发中，真空助力器仍然是制动系统的执行元件，可在国内尚且没有一部完整的汽车真空助力器的设计手册及系统而深入的相关理论，部分重要的原理被忽视或未被发现，缺乏设计依据和理论基础，这些方方面面的问题，严重的制约和影响着我国关于这方面的行业的研制和设计能力，而现有的助力器更是缺少质量保障。

由此可见，只有全面了解真空助力器工作原理和掌握细节构造，才能更有效的让我们在汽车制动系统，即真空助力器这方面有作为，这时我们不妨谦虚向西方发达国家学习或借鉴。

在国外，对真空助力器相关理论进行研究的学者们已经对其进行了细致的研究与探讨，相关的文献及作品也被其他学者所引用。

在其后的进一步研究、修正和补充中，在这方面的很多领域，取得了丰富的研究成果，同时，也为现代汽车制动理论和提高奠定了良好的基础，这不失为提供给我们的第一手好资料，通过学习、借鉴，我们可以对这块领域弥补自身的不足与空白。

同时，国家也可以出台一些政策对策来解决当前形势，就我个人愚见，建议如下：

1.将这项技术科研纳入为国家产业政策，大力倡导全民创造，提出产品的科研分析报告，并实行鼓励制度，将其转化为现实意义。

2.国家出资，对国内现已掌握的技术继续深化发掘，使更好更快的推出同类型新产品的研发力度。

3.引进国外先进技术，结合我国汽车产业现状，尽快提出适合本国产品的新路线，创新自主品牌和意识。

总之，汽车真空助力器行业的发展前景非常好，不仅可以增加我国人口的就业率，还可以大幅增加我国汽车行业的收入，更重要的是，为我国汽车行业在世界之林处于不败地位奠定了更加丰厚而牢不可摧的坚实基础。

汽车真空助力器的使用与维修【2】

摘要：当汽车在行驶一定里程后，制动系统中的某些部件会出现问题。

其中真空助力器因为频繁使用容易出现故障，该文以真空助力器的组成、原理为基础，对其检查、调整和维修方面进行了阐述。

关键词：真空助力器检查调整维修

真空助力器主要用于汽车制动，真空助力泵将制动踏板产生的输出力放大后产生制动主缸的输入力。

制动主缸又将真空助力器的输入力转化为液压输出到制动管路，将机械力转化为液压力。

1 真空助力器的组成

见图1。

2 真空助力器的工作原理

真空助力器是一个直径较大的腔体，内部有一个中部装有推杆的膜片(或活塞)，将腔体隔成两部份，一部分与大气相通，另一部分通过管道与发动机进气管相连。

它是利用发动机工作时吸入空气这一原理，使助力器的一侧真空，相对于另一侧正常空气压力的压力差，利用这压力差来加强制动推力。

即使膜片两边只有很小的压力差，由于膜片的面积很大，仍可以产生很大的推力推动膜片向压力小的一端运动。

真空助力系统是在制动的时候也同时控制真空助力器的真空使膜片移动，并通过联运装置利用膜片上的推杆协助人力去踩动和推动制动踏板。

汽车真空助力器在工作过程中存在着三个平衡位置，在加载时(或制动时)空气阀口处于若即若离状态，此时控制在空气阀口处无形变，而真空阀口处于关闭状态，控制阀在真空阀口处有形变在卸载时(或取消制动时)真空阀口处若即若离的状态，此时控制阀在真空阀口处无形变，而空气阀口处于关闭状态，控制阀在空气阀口处有形变;当制动稳定在某一时刻，输入力不再变化时(即助力器处于无运动趋势的状态)，空气阀口和真空阀口均处关闭状态，控制阀在真空阀口处和空气阀口处均有形变。

这就是真空助力器在工作状态下的三个平衡位置。

3 真空助力器的常规检修

可以用真空表检查发动机进气歧管真空度，当发动机怠速运转时真空度达到46.7 kPa，中速运转到53.3～66.7 kPa.说明真空度正常。

如果没有真空表，可用下述方法检查。

拆下助力气室的真空管，用手堵住管口后启动发动机1～2 min，若手感吸力甚微，可能是软管破裂或接头处漏气;若感到吸力大，说明真空度足够。

真空度不足可能是接头孔堵塞或进气支管有裂纹，支管固定螺丝松动，支管衬垫冲坏，气门或气缸严重漏气，应及时维修。

(1)启动发动机运转1～2 min后熄火，踩制动踏板几次，踩下的行程逐次缩小，说明助力器工作良好，否则表明密封不良有故障。

(2)在发动机不启动的.情况下(有较长时间发动机没有启动)，用同样的力踩下制动踏板数次，确定踏板行程每次无变化，然后将踏板保持在踩下位置，启动发动机，如踏板稍有下降，表示真空助力器工作良好，否则有故障。

篇3：[外文翻译]Automobile Brake System-汽车制动系统

Automobile Brake System

The braking system is the most important system in cars. If the brakes fail, the result can be disastrous. Brakes are actually energy conversion devices, which convert the kinetic energy (momentum) of the vehicle into thermal energy (heat).When stepping on the brakes, the driver commands a stopping force ten times as powerful as the force that puts the car in motion. The braking system can exert thousands of pounds of pressure on each of the four brakes.

Two complete independent braking systems are used on the car. They are the service brake and the parking brake.

The service brake acts to slow, stop, or hold the vehicle during normal driving. They are foot-operated by the driver depressing and releasing the brake pedal. The primary purpose of the brake is to hold the vehicle stationary while it is unattended. The parking brake is mechanically operated by when a separate parking brake foot pedal or hand lever is set.

The brake system is composed of the following basic components: the “master cylinder” which is located under the hood, and is directly connected to the brake pedal, converts driver foot’s mechanical pressure into hydraulic pressure. Steel “brake lines” and flexible “brake hoses” connect the master cylinder to the “slave cylinders” located at each wheel. Brake fluid, specially designed to work in extreme conditions, fills the system. “Shoes” and “pads” are pushed by the slave cylinders to contact the “drums” and “rotors” thus causing drag, which (hopefully) slows the car.

The typical brake system consists of disk brakes in front and either disk or drum brakes in the rear connected by a system of tubes and hoses that link the brake at each wheel to the master cylinder (Figure).

Basically, all car brakes are friction brakes. When the driver applies the brake, the control device forces brake shoes, or pads, against the rotating brake drum or disks at wheel. Friction between the shoes or pads and the drums or disks then slows or stops the wheel so that the car is braked.

In most modern brake systems (see Figure 15.1), there is a fluid-filled cylinder, called master cylinder, which contains two separate sections, there is a piston in each section and both pistons are connected to a brake pedal in the driver’s compartment. When the brake is pushed down, brake fluid is sent from the master cylinder to the wheels.

At the wheels, the fluid pushes shoes, or pads, against revolving drums or disks. The friction between the stationary shoes, or pads, and the revolving drums or disks slows and stops them. This slows or stops the revolving wheels, which, in turn, slow or stop the car.

Automobile Brake System

Two complete independent braking systems are used on the car. They are the service brake and the parking brake.

The brake fluid reservoir is on top of the master cylinder. Most cars today have a transparent r reservoir so that you can see the level without opening the cover. The brake fluid level will drop slightly as the brake pads wear. This is a normal condition and no cause for concern. If the level drops noticeably over ashort period of time or goes down to about two thirds full, have your brakes checked as soon as possible. Keep the reservoir covered except for the amount of time you need to fill it and never leave a cam of brake fluid uncovered. Brake fluid must maintain a very high boiling point. Exposure to air will cause the fluid to absorb moisture which will lower that boiling point.

The brake fluid travels from the master cylinder to the wheels through a series of steel tubes and reinforced rubber hoses. Rubber hoses are only used in places that require flexibility, such as at the front wheels, which move up and down as well as steer. The rest of the system uses non-corrosive seamless steel tubing with special fittings at all attachment points. If a steel line requires a repair, the best procedure is to replace the compete line. If this is not practical, a line can be repaired using special splice fittings that are made for brake system repair. You must never use copper tubing to repair a brake system. They are dangerous and illegal.

Drum brakes, it consists of the brake drum, an expander, pull back springs, a stationary back plate, two shoes with friction linings, and anchor pins. The stationary back plate is secured to the flange of the axle housing or to the steering knuckle. The brake drum is mounted on the wheel hub. There is a clearance between the inner surface of the drum and the shoe lining. To apply brakes, the driver pushes pedal, the expander expands the shoes and presses them to the drum. Friction between the brake drum and the friction linings brakes the wheels and the vehicle stops. To release brakes, the driver release the pedal, the pull back spring retracts the shoes thus permitting free rotation of the wheels.

Disk brakes, it has a metal disk instead of a drum. A flat shoe, or disk-brake pad, is located on each side of the disk. The shoes squeeze the rotatin

g disk to stop the car. Fluid from the master cylinder forces the pistons to move in, toward the disk. This action pushes the friction pads tightly against the disk. The friction between the shoes and disk slows and stops it. This provides the braking action. Pistons are made of either plastic or metal. There are three general types of disk brakes. They are the floating-caliper type, the fixed-caliper type, and the sliding-caliper type. Floating-caliper and sliding-caliper disk brakes use a single piston. Fixed-caliper disk brakes have either two or four pistons.

The brake system assemblies are actuated by mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic devices. The mechanical leverage is used in the parking brakes fitted in all automobile. When the brake pedal is depressed, the rod pushes the piston of brake master cylinder which presses the fluid. The fluid flows through the pipelines to the power brake unit and then to the wheel cylinder. The fluid pressure expands the cylinder pistons thus pressing the shoes to the drum or disk. If the pedal is released, the piston returns to the initialposition, the pull back springs retract the shoes, the fluid is forced back to the master cylinder and braking ceases.

The primary purpose of the parking brake is to hold the vehicle stationary while it is unattended. The parking brake is mechanically operated by the driver when a separate parking braking hand lever is set. The hand brake is normally used when the car has already stopped. A lever is pulled and the rear brakes are approached and locked in the “on” position. The car may now be left without fear of its rolling away. When the driver wants to move the car again, he must press a button before the lever can be released. The hand brake must also be able to stop the car in the event of the foot brake failing. For this reason, it is separate from the foot brake uses cable or rods instead of the hydraulic system.

Anti-lock Brake System

Anti-lock brake systems make braking safer and more convenient, Anti-lock brake systems modulate brake system hydraulic pressure to prevent the brakes from locking and the tires from skidding on slippery pavement or during a panic stop.

Anti-lock brake systems have been used on aircraft for years, and some domestic car were offered with an early form. of anti-lock braking in late 1990’s. Recently, several automakers have introduced more sophisticated anti-lock system. Investigations in Europe, where anti-lock brakin

g systems have been available for a decade, have led one manufacture to state that the number of traffic accidents could be reduced by seven and a half percent if all cars had anti-lock brakes. So some sources predict that all cars will offer anti-lock brakes to improve the safety of the car.

Anti-lock systems modulate brake application force several times per second to hold the tires at a controlled amount of slip; all systems accomplish this in basically the same way. One or more speed sensors generate alternating current signal whose frequency increases with the wheel rotational speed. An electronic control unit continuously monitors these signals and if the frequency of a signal drops too rapidly indicating that a wheel is about to lock, the control unit instructs a modulating device to reduce hydraulic pressure to the brake at the affected wheel. When sensor signals indicate the wheel is again rotating normally, the control unit allows increased hydraulic pressure to the brake. This release-apply cycle occurs several time per second to “pump” the brakes like a driver might but at a much faster rate.

In addition to their basic operation, anti-lock systems have two other things in common. First, they do not operate until the brakes are applied with enough force to lock or nearly lock a wheel. At all other times, the system stands ready to function but does not interfere with normal braking. Second, if the anti-lock system fail in any way, the brakes continue to operate without anti-lock capability. A warning light on the instrument panel alerts the driver when a problem exists in the anti-lock system.

The current Bosch component Anti-lock Braking System (ABSⅡ), is a second generation design wildly used by European automakers such as BWM, Mercedes-Benz and Porsche. ABSⅡ system consists of : four wheel speed sensor, electronic control unit and modulator assembly.

A speed sensor is fitted at each wheel sends signals about wheel rotation to control unit. Each speed sensor consists of a sensor unit and a gear wheel. The front sensor mounts to the steering knuckle and its gear wheel is pressed onto the stub axle that rotates with the wheel. The rear sensor mounts the rear suspension member and its gear wheel is pressed onto the axle. The sensor itself is a winding with a magnetic core. The core creates a magnetic field around the winding, and as the teeth of the gear wheel move through this field, an alternating current is induced in the winding. The control unit monitors the rate o change in this frequency to determine impending brake lockup.

The control unit’s function can be divided into three parts: signal processing, logic and safety circuitry. The signal processing section is the converter that receives the alternating current signals form. the speed sensors and converts them into digital form. for the logic section. The logic section then analyzes the digitized signals to calculate any brake pressure changes needed. If impending lockup is sensed, the logic section sends commands to the modulator assembly.

Modulator assembly

The hydraulic modulator assembly regulates pressure to the wheel brakes when it receives commands from the control utuit. The modulator assembly can maintain or reduce pressure over the level it receives from the master cylinder, it also can never apply the brakes by itself. The modulator assembly consists of three high-speed electric solenoid valves, two fluid reservoirs and a turn delivery pump equipped with inlet and outlet check valves. The modulator electrical connector and controlling relays are concealed under a plastic cover of the assembly.

Each front wheel is served by electric solenoid valve modulated independently by the control unit. The rear brakes are served by a single solenoid valve and modulated together using the select-low principle. During anti-braking system operation, the control unit cycles the solenoid valves to either hold or release pressure the brake lines. When pressure is released from the brake lines during anti-braking operation, it is routed to a fluid reservoir. There is one reservoir for the front brake circuit. The reservoirs are low-pressure accumulators that store fluid under slight spring pressure until the return delivery pump can return the fluid through the brake lines to the master cylinder.

汽车制动系统

制动系统是汽车中最重要的系统，

[外文翻译]Automobile Brake System-汽车制动系统

，

如果制动失灵，结果可能是损失惨重的。制动器实际就是能量转换装置，它将汽车的动能（动量）转化成热能（热量）。当驾驶员踩下制动踏板，所产生的制动力是汽车运动时动力的10倍。制动系统能对四个刹车系统中的每个施加数千磅的力。

每辆汽车上使用两个完全独立的制动系统，即行车制动器和驻车制动器。

行车制动器起到减速、停车、或保持车辆正常行驶。制动器是由司机用脚踩、松制动器踏板来控制的。驻车制动器的主要作用就是当车内无人的时候，汽车能够保持静止。当独立的驻车制动器—踏板或手杆，被安装时，驻车制动器就会被机械地操作。

制动系统是由下列基本的成分组成:位于发动机罩下方，而且直接地被连接到制动踏板的“制动主缸”把驾驶员脚的机械力转变为液压力。钢制的“制动管路”和有柔性的“制动软管”把制动主缸连接到每个轮子的“制动轮缸”上。制动液, 特别地设计为的是工作在极端的情况，填充在系统中。“制动盘”和“衬块”是被制动轮缸推动接触“圆盘”和“回转体”如此引起缓慢的拖拉运动, (希望)使汽车减慢速度。

典型的制动系统布置有前后盘式，前盘后鼓式，各个车轮上的制动器通过一套管路系统连接到制动主缸上。

基本上讲，所有的汽车制动器都是摩擦制动器。当司机刹车时，控制装置会迫使制动蹄，或制动衬片与车轮处的旋转的制动鼓或制动盘接触。接触后产生的摩擦使车轮转动减慢或停止，这就是汽车的制动。

在最基本的制动系统中，有一个制动主缸，这个主缸内部填充制动液，并包含两个部分，每个部分里都有一个活塞，两个活塞都连接驾驶室里的制动踏板。当制动踏板被踩下时，制动液会从制动主缸流入轮缸。在轮缸中，制动液推动制动蹄或制动衬片与旋转的制动鼓或制动盘接触。静止的制动蹄或制动衬片与旋转的制动鼓或制动盘之间产生摩擦力使汽车的运动逐渐减缓或停止。

制动液的装置位于主缸的顶部。目前大多数的车都有一个容易看见的装制动液的装置，为的是不用打开盖子就可以看得见制动液的油面。随着制动踏板的运动制动液就会缓慢的下降，正常情况下是这样的。如果制动液在很短的时间内下降得明显或者下降了三分之二，那么就要尽快的检查你的制动系统了。保持制动液装置充满制动液除非你需要维修它，制动液必须保持很高的沸点。位于在空气中的制动液就会吸收空气中的潮气引起制动液低于沸点。

制动液通过一系列的管路从主缸到达各车轮。橡胶软管只用在需要弹力的地方，比如应用在前轮。在车的行进中上下来回运动。系统的其它部分在所有的连接点上都应用了无腐蚀性的无缝钢管。如果钢线需要修理的话，最好的方法就是代替这条线。如果这不符合实际，那么为了制动系统可以用特殊的装置修理它。你不可以用铜管来修理制动系。它们是危险也是不正确的。

鼓式制动器包括制动鼓，一个轮缸，回拉弹簧，一个制动底版，两个带摩擦层的制动蹄。制动底版固定在轮轴外部的法兰或转向节。制动鼓固定在轮毂上。制动鼓的内部表面与制动蹄的内层之间有空隙。要使用制动器时，司机就要踩下踏板，这时轮缸扩大制动片，对其施加压力，是制动蹄触碰制动鼓。制动鼓与摩擦片之间产生的摩擦制动了车轮，从而使汽车停止。要释放制动器时，司机松开踏板，回拉弹簧拉回制动片，这样车轮会自由转动。

盘式制动器包括制动盘而不是鼓，在它的两面上各有一个薄的制动片或叫盘式制动器的制动片。制动片是靠挤住旋转的制动盘来停住汽车。制动主缸里流出的制动液迫使活塞向里部的金属盘移动，这便使摩擦片紧紧地贴住制动盘。这时制动片与制动盘产生的摩擦使汽车减速、停止，出现了制动行为。活塞分金属或塑料。盘式制动器主要有三种，即：浮动卡钳型、固定卡钳型和滑动卡钳型。浮动卡钳型和滑动卡钳型盘式制动器使用单活塞。固定卡钳型盘式制动器既可以使用两个活塞有可以使用四个活塞。

制动系统是由机械能，液压能或气压能装置驱动的。在机械杠杆适合所有的汽车的驻车制动器中使用。当踩下制动踏板时，杠杆就会推动制动器主缸的活塞给制动液施加压力，制动液通过油管流入轮缸。制动液的压力施加到轮缸活塞以使制动片被压到制动鼓或制动盘上。如果松开踏板，活塞回到原来的位置上，回拉弹簧拉回制动片，制动液返回制动主缸，这样制动停止。

驻动制动器的主要作用是车内无人时，使汽车静止不动。如果车内安装的是独立的驻车制动器，那么驻车制动器是由司机手动的控制。驻车制动器正常是当车已经停止时使用的。向后拉手闸，并把手柄卡在正确的位置上。现在，即使离开汽车也不用害怕它会自己滑走。如果司机要再次启车时，他必须在松开手杆之前按下按钮。在行车制动器失灵的情况下，手闸必须能停住车。正因为这样，手闸与脚闸分开，手闸使用的是绳索或杠杆而不是液力系统。

防抱死制动系统是使汽车制动更安全、更方便的制动装置，它既有调节制动系统的压力来防止车轮被完全抱死的功能，又有防止轮胎在滑的路面上行驶或紧急停车时的滑动。

防抱死制动系统最早应用在航空飞行器上，而且在二十世纪 90年代一些国内的汽车内也安装了这种系统。近来，几个汽车制造商引进了更为复杂的防抱死系统。欧洲使用这种系统已有几十年的时间，通过对其的调查，一位汽车制造商坦言，如果所有的汽车都安装上防抱死制动系统，那么交通事故的发生率会降低7.5%。同时，一些权威人士预测这种系统会提高汽车的安全性。

防抱死制动系统可以在一秒钟内调节几次制动时车轮上的受力，使车轮的滑移受到控制，而且所有的系统基本上都以相同的方式完成。每个车轮都会有一个传感器，电子控制装置能连续检测来自车轮传感器传来的脉冲电信号，并将它们处理转换成和轮速成正比的数值；如果其中一个传感器的信号不断下降，那么这就表明了相应的轮胎趋于抱死，这时电子控制装置向该车轮的制动器发出降低压力的指令。当信号显示车轮转速恢复正常时，电子控制装置会增加制动器的液压。这种循环像司机一样调节制动器，但它的速度更快，达到了每秒循环数次。

防抱死制动系统除了上面基本操作，还有两个特点。首先，当制动系统的压力上升到使轮胎抱死或即将抱死的时候，防抱死制动系统才会启动；当制动系统在正常情况下，防抱死制动系统停止运作。其次，如果防抱死制动系统有问题时，制动器会独立地继续运行。但控制板上的指示灯亮起提醒司机系统出现问题。

目前欧洲汽车生产商，如：宝马、奔驰、宝时捷等广泛使用的是波许（Bosch）防抱死制动系统。这种系统基本组成包括车轮转速传感器，电子控制装置和调节装置。

每个有一个向电子控制装置发出车轮转动情况的信号的传感器，它一般由磁感应传感头和齿圈组成。前面的传感器安在轮毂上，齿圈安在轮网上。后面的传感器安在后部的监测系统上，齿圈安在轮轴上。传感器本身是缠绕电磁核的电线圈，电磁核才线圈的周围产生磁场。当齿圈的齿移动到磁场时，就会改变线圈的电流。电子控制装置会监测这种变化，然后判断车轮是否即将抱死。

电子控制装置有三个作用，即：信号的处理，编辑和安全防护。信号的处理起到转换器的作用，它是将接受的脉冲电信号处理转换成数值，为编辑做准备。编辑就是分析这些数值，计算出需要制动压力。如果检测出车轮即将抱死，电控装置就会计算出数值向调节装置发出指令。

调节装置

当接受到电子控制装置的指令后，液压执行装置会调节制动轮缸的液压的大小。调节装置能保持或减小来自制动主缸的液压，而装置本身是不能启用制动器的。这种装置有三个高速率的电磁阀，两个油液存储器和一个带有内外检测阀的传动泵。调节装置中的电子连接器隐藏在塑料盖下。

每个电磁阀都是其独立控制的，并作用于前轮。后部的制动轮缸受到一个电磁阀控制，并依照------的原理进行调节。当防抱死制动系统运行时，电子控制装置会使电磁阀循环运作，这样既能收回又能释放制动器的压力。当压力释放时，它会释放到液压单元。前部的制动器电路有一个单元。存储器低压存储器，它在低压下存储油液，直到回流泵打开，油液流经制动轮缸进入制动主缸。

篇4：汽车防抱死制动系统信号处理实验分析

汽车防抱死制动系统信号处理实验分析

针对汽车防抱死制动系统(ABS)严格的制动信号控制问题,分析了ABS的'工作原理,进行了基于机理的ABS信号处理实验,详细给出了采用四轮汽车轮速传感器的ABS信号处理的结构、数据和算法.实验结果证明其快速准确,为ABS的系统控制提供了依据.

作者：田玉冬夏群生 TIAN Yudong XIA Qunsheng 作者单位：田玉冬,TIAN Yudong(上海电机学院,汽车工程系,上海,200245;清华大学,汽车工程系,北京,100084)

夏群生,XIA Qunsheng(清华大学,汽车工程系,北京,100084)

刊名：上海电机学院学报英文刊名：JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI DIANJI UNIVERSITY 年，卷(期)：2009 12(2) 分类号：U463.526 关键词：汽车工程防抱死制动系统信号处理

篇5：汽车防抱死制动系统三种控制算法制动性能比较

汽车防抱死制动系统三种控制算法制动性能比较

控制算法是Ans的`核心.鉴于控制算法的多样性,在建立汽车制动系统仿真模型的基础之上,本文从仿真的角度,对比BangBang、PID和逻辑门限值三种控制算法的ABS制动性能.仿真结果表明:控制效果最好的是PID控制,逻辑门限值较差.

作者：冷雪李文娟王旭东高小丽 LENG Xue LI Wen-juan WANG Xu-dong GAO Xiao-li 作者单位：哈尔滨理工大学,电气与电子工程学院,黑龙江,哈尔滨,150040 刊名：自动化技术与应用英文刊名：TECHNIQUES OF AUTOMATION AND APPLICATIONS 年，卷(期)：2009 28(2) 分类号：U463.526 关键词：ABS Bang-Bang PID 逻辑门限值