初三英语11单元作文范文

【导语】“孤单的叶子”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了12篇初三英语11单元作文范文，下面是小编为大家整理后的初三英语11单元作文范文，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

篇1：初三英语课件第11单元

I.选用恰当的代词填空。

1. ________ have a ruler. But ________ ruler is short. Can you give ________ a long ruler?

(I, me, my)

2. ________ are a good boy. What's ________ name? (you, your)

3. ________ is a teacher. ________ name is Wang Li. (she, her)

4. David is an American boy. ________ is twelve. ________ English is not good.

Please help ________ . (he, him, his)

5. This is ________ school. ________ study English here. Do you want to join

________ ? (we, us, our)

6. Look at ________ ! ________ are from England. ________ names are Lucy and

Lily. (they, them, their )

综合:

7. ________ have a good friend. ________ name is Tom. ________ parents work in

China. ________ are teachers. Look, this is ________ photo. How happy ________ are!

8. Thank ________ for helping ________ , Dale. I can do ________ homework now. Let ________ go to a movie. ________ think ________ is a funny movie.

II.选择。

( ) 1. This is ________ computer. That's ________ computer.

A. I, he B. he, I C. his, my D. him, my

( ) 2. ________ go to the park every Sunday.

A. Tom and you B. Tom and I C. I and you D. Tom, I and you

( ) 3. ________ have no time. Let ________ go.

A. Us, we B. We, us C. We, our D. Our, we

( ) 4. Can you help ________ with ________ English?

A. he, his B. his, his C. him, his D. him, him

III.翻译。

1.他的问题 ________________ 2.你们的尺子 ________________

3.我的手表 ________________ 4.她的`双肩背包 ______________

5. 她的电话号码是什么? _____________________________________________

6.他们是中国人。他们的英文名字叫Tom和David。

_________________________________________________________________

IV.用动词be (am, is, are)填空。

1. She ________ a teacher. Her name ________ Mary.

2. I ________ a boy. My name ________ Li Ming.

3. Who ________ this girl? She ________ Li Mei.

4. How old ________ you? I ________ eleven.

5. What ________ this? It ________ a bird. Its name ________ Polly.

6. David ________ a student. His sister ________ a student, too.

7. These books ________ blue. They ________ English books.

8. Li Lei ________ at school today. He ________ drawing a picture now.

9. Amy and Kay ________ here. They ________ not at home.

10. ________ you teachers? No, we ________ not. We ________ students.

11. My favorite color ________ blue.

12. Tom's brother ________ not in the room.

V.将下列各句改成一般疑问句并且给出简短的肯定和否定回答。

1. This is my pencil.

____________________________________________________________

2. His name is David.

_____________________________________________________________

3. They are from England.

_____________________________________________________________

4. Tom's father is a doctor.

_____________________________________________________________

5. The desks are very heavy.

_____________________________________________________________

6. Mary is doing her homework now.

______________________________________________________________

VI. 汉译英。

1.你怎么拼写watch?____________________________________________

2.请打电话555给Mary。_________________________________________

3.这是你的卷笔刀吗?____________________________________________

4. 用英语 ________ 5.一串钥匙 ________ 6.回答 ________

7.家庭 ________ 8.最后的 ________  9.第一 ________

篇2：初三英语课件第11单元

Unit 11 How was your school trip ?

一、教学目标：

1. 语言知识目标

基本词汇：milk, cow, horse, feed, farmer, quite, anything, grow, farm, pick,

excellent, coutryside, yesterday, flower, worry, luckily, sun, museum,

fire, painting, exciting, lovely, expensive, cheap, slow, fast, robot,

guide, gift, everything, interested, dark, hear

基本词组：milk a cow, ride a horse, feed chickens, quite a lot (of…), in the

countryside, fire station, all in all, be interested in

基本句型：How was your school trip ? It was great !

Did you go to the zoo ? No, I didn’t. I went to a farm.

Did you see any cows ? Yes, I did. I saw quite a lot.

Did Carol ride a horse ? No, she didn’t. But she milked a cow.

Were the strawberries good ? Yes, they were . No, they weren’t.

2. 技能目标: 能运用一般过去时描写过去的事情

3. 情感目标: 学会客观地表达对事物的看法，培养乐观向上的性格

二、教学重难点：

1. 教学重点：一般过去时的判断及选用

2. 教学难点：正确运用一般过去时

三、教学步骤:

Period 1

Section A (1a-2d)

Step 1 : Warming –up

1 Greeting

Who is on duty today ?

Who was on duty yesterday ?

What is the weather like today ?

What was the weather like yesterday ?

2 Song : Play the song “ Old MacDonald had a farm” and have Ss find out the animals in the song

Get Ss answer like this : On the farm ,there are some ducks, cats,chickens, cowspigs,dogs and horses . They are animals.

Step 2 : Presentation

1 Show a picture and tell Ss: This is also a farm. Last week Carol and his classmates had a school trip. They went to the farm. What did they do on the farm? How was their school trip?

2 Show some pictures again and try to get the past tense verbs expressions according to the pictures.

(1) Show the picture and the question

(2) Ask one student to answer the question.

(3) All students read it toghter.

Q:Did he ride a horse?

A:Yes, he did. He rode a horse.

Q:Did he milk a cow?

A:Yes, he did. He milked a cow.

Q:Did he ride a horse?

A :No, he didn’t .

Did he feed chickens?

Yes, he did. He fed chickens.

Did you go to the zoo?

No, I didn’t. I went to a farm.

Did you see any cows ?

Yes, I did. I saw quite a lot.

Did they pick any strawberries on the farm ?

Yes, they did .

How were the strawberries?

They were delicious.

Were the strawberries good?

Yes, they were.

No, they weren’t.

How was your school trip ?

It was great.

Were the strawberries good ?

Yes ,they were.

No, they weren’t.

Step 3 Exercises

Step 4 : Practice (Listening and speaking)

1a Match the phrses with the pictures.

1b Listen and circle the three things Carol did on her school trip in 1a.

1c Ask and answer questions about Carol’s school trip.

2a Listen and check the questions you hear.

2b Listen again.Circle T for true or F for false

2c Ask and answer questions about Carol’s visit to the farm.

篇3：初三各单元要考的英语作文

Unit 1 How can we become good learners?

本单元话题为“学会学习”，与之相关的话题作文主要为谈论英语学习方法，这是各地中考英语真题中最常考的话题作文之一。写作时可根据具体要求或提示，对相关的学习方法提出建议。

写作此类话题作文的常用表达有：

(1) What about listening to…?

(2) Try to guess …by…

(3) The more…，the more…

(4) …is the secret to language learning.

(5) I think…should…

(6) It’s a good idea to…

【典型例题】

为了交流学习经验，提高学习效率，某初中英语学习报正在举办以“how to be a good learner”为题的征文比赛，请踊跃投稿。

【优秀范文】

How to be a good learner

To be a good learner, we should have good habits and ways of learning.

We need to get ready for our lessons before class and always listen carefully in class. After class, we must go over the lessons and finish our homework on time. It’s good to study in groups and help each other. We should do more reading in our free time. If we have any problems, we’d better ask others for help. As a student, working hard is important, but don’t forget to do sports and keep healthy.

I think all above is helpful to us to be a good learner.

Unit2 I think that mooncakes are delicious!

本单元是围绕节日这一话题展开的，是大家较为熟悉的内容，要想写好这个话题的文章，首先要注意其体裁，通常是电子邮件式的说明文，介绍一两个中国的传统节日，内容涉及节日名称、时间、含义及主要活动，还应谈到你喜欢该节日及理由。

写作此类话题作文的常用表达有：

(1) I love…because…

(2) I think they are…to…

(3) You’ll have good luck in the New Year.

(4) Chinese people have been celebrating…for centuries.

【典型例题】

假如你是李磊，你的美国笔友Tom对中国传统文化很感兴趣。请你用英语给他写一封80 词左右的电子邮件。介绍一两个中国的传统节日、如春节、中秋节等。

【优秀范文】

Dear Tom

I am very glad to tell you something about spring festival.

It’s a traditional festival in china. It comes in winter.

It’s time to get new. We usually clean and decorate our houses carefully before it comes. I always help my mother clean the windows and wash the clothes. We put on Chunlian on the doors and chuanghua on the windows.

It’s time to say goodbye to the last year, and say hello to the New Year. Everyone goes home to get together with their families, no matter how far it is. They must have dinner together on that day. They must visit their relatives and friends and say “Happy New Year” to them. When the kids greet their grandparents, they can get money.

Unit3 Could you please tell me

where the restaurants are?

本单元介绍如何指路，也是写作要涉及的话题。

写作此类话题作文的常用表达有：

(1) Let me tall you how to get there.

(2) You can walk along...

(3) Turn left/right to...

(4) Go straight along...

【典型例题】

你有两张红旗剧院的戏剧票，想要邀请Rob和你一起去看。请你给他写封信，邀请他并告诉他具体该怎么到达红旗剧院。

【优秀作文】

Dear Rob,

Are you free next Sunday? There will be a concert in Hongqi Theater. I have two tickets and I hope you can go with me. Now let me tall you how to get there.

First , you can walk along Zhaowuda Road after you leave your home. Then turn left onto Third Street. Go straight along Third Street. When you get to Walking Street，turn right. Then go along the street until you see Hongqi Theater on your right.

I will meet you at the gate of Hongqi Theater.

Yours,

Liu Ming

Unit4 I used to be afraid of the dark.

本单元话题为“我们怎样变化的”，主要围绕人或事物从过去到现在所发生的变化展开描述。写作时首先要理清写作的逻辑顺序，注意过去与现在的对比。在句式的使用上，既可用used to do/be…,but now…,也可以直接用一般过去时描述过去的情况，用一般现在时描写现在的情况，各种句式交替使用，以免文章显得呆板。

写作此类话题作文的常用表达有：

(1) …used to do/be

(2) How/what about you?

(3) …has/have changed a lot in the last few years.

【典型例题】

请你以Changes in people’s life 为题描述最近几年人们生活上的变化。词数80词左右。

提示：1. 人们的联系方式、娱乐方式的改变

2. 人们的出行方式及居住环境的改变

【优秀范文】

Changes in people’s life

Great changes have taken place in people’s life in the last few years.

In the past people kept in touch with relatives or friends mainly by sending letters. They would listen to the radio for news and other information. Children used to go to school by bike. Big families had to share small rooms.

Now people can talk to others by telephone or on the internet at home. When they are free, they watch the news and other programs on TV. Some families are rich enough to send their children to school in their own cars. More and more people live in big and bright apartment with several rooms.

In a word, people live better than before.

Unit5 What are the shirts made of ?

本单元涉及的话题是“中国制造的东西”，话题作文通常会涉及民间艺术以及文化传承。这是一个适合记叙、说明两种体裁相结合的话题，同时也是学生喜欢写、有话写的题材。写好这类文章，最重要的是准确捕捉写作的“精髓”，有条理的把要描述的某一事物展现出来，此类话题的写作要立足事实、表达真情实感。

写作此类话题作文的常用表达有：

(1) China is famous for…

(2) It’s great that China is so good at…

(3) …wish that in the future…will…

(4) These usually try to show…

(5) They are seen as symbols of…

【典型例题】

假如你是韩梅，远在美国的笔友Linda给你写信了，信中，Linda向你了解中国有什么着名小吃。请根据表格提示给Linda回信。

民间小吃：糖葫芦(tanghulu)

原料：山楂(haw),有些地方的糖葫芦用草莓(strawberry)、葡萄(grape)，甚至小苹果等制成

历史渊源据说：宋代(the song dynasty)一位皇帝的妻子曾因吃了糖葫芦治好了病，因此流传下来象征幸福和团员

【优秀范文】

Dear Linda,

You asked me what famous snacks there were in my country. Well, in my country, one of the most famous snacks is tanghulu.

Each different part of China has different tanghulu. It is usually made of haws, which are put together on a stick and covered with ice sugar. But there are more materials for tanghulu today in some places, such as strawberries, grapes, and even little apples.

It is said that tanghulu ever saved the life of an emperor’s wife in the Song Dynasty. It was so delicious and healthy that many Chinese people like eating it. It is now seen as the bright symbols of happiness and reunion.

Are you looking forward to eating it? Come to my country, and I’ll treat you to tanghulu.

Unit6 When was it invented?

本单元的话题是“发明”，涉及科普知识与技术等内容，是学生最感兴趣的话题之一。写作体裁多为说明文，写好这类文章一定要抓住事物的特征、功能和用途。

写作此类话题作文的常用表达有：

(1) When was …invented?

(2) It was invented…

(3) They are used for…

【典型例题】

计算机在我们的生活、工作中的作用越来越大，你知道计算机的起源与发展吗?请结合计算机的发明时间(1946年)、外形、用途等方面，谈一下它的发展变化，并说明你对未来计算机的畅想。

【优秀范文】

Computer

Computers are becoming more and more important in our daily life. Do you know when the computer was invented?

The computer was invented in 1946. At that time, it was huge. With the development of science and technology, the computer has grown smaller. Now there are many kinds of computers, such as personal computers and laptops. The computer is a very useful tool in our life. For example, it can send some messages to foreign friends by email. What’s more, it can share information with others through the World Wide Web. We can also listen to music or play the game on computers. It makes us relax.

It’s hard to imagine what our life would be like without computers. I think computers will be more convenient and they are going to change our life completely in the near future.

Unit7 Teenagers should be allowed

to choose their own clothes.

本单元以“规则”为话题，结合此话题就学校和家里的规章制度进行了论述。写作中常涉及这一话题。写作时可以发表自己的观点，在表达观点时，要有理有据，观点不能偏激。

写作此类话题作文的常用表达有：

(1) I think teenagers should be allowed to …

(2) I agree that…

(3) I don’t agree with…

【典型例题】

国有国法，校有校规。在你的学校中一定有很多的规章制度规范同学们的行为。请你写一篇短文，向大家介绍一两条校规或校纪，并谈一下自己的看法。

【优秀范文】

There are many rules in our school.

At our school we have to wear uniforms every day. The problem is that all my classmates think the uniforms are ugly. I think young people should look smart, so I’d like to wear my own clothes. If we have to wear uniforms, we should be allowed to design our own uniforms. That would be a good way to keep both teachers and students happy.

Although we have different views on the rules, I think everyone should obey the school rules.

Unit8. It must belong to Caral.

本单元话题为“神秘事物”，围绕这一话题对我们生活中出现的不确定的事情进行推理判断。要求我们恰当使用情态动词客观的对提供的材料进行分析，以推测某件物品可能是某人的或某人正在做什么。写作此类话题作文的常用表达有：

(1) sth. must /can’t/might/could be...

(2) sb. must/can’t/might/could be doing…

【典型例题】

你在上学的路上捡到了一件T-shirt，它是你校某位同学的。请根据以下提示做出一个合理的推断，并把推断的经过和结果写出来。可适当发挥，词数80词左右。

提示：

1. Mary和Sally的T恤衫都丢了

2. T恤衫上有长头发

3. T恤衫口袋里有一张信用卡和一张刘德华的照片

【优秀范文】

Oh，look! There is a T-shirt here. It’s a school T-shirt. The owner must be a student.

Mary and sally lost their T-shirt. Could it be Mary’s or Sally’s? There is long hair on the T-shirt. But both of them have long hair. There is a photo of Liu Dehua in the pocket. Sally likes Liu Dehua very much, but Mary’s favorite star is Sun Yanzi. So, it belongs to sally. There is credit card too. Then, it must be sally’s school T-shirt because she is the only person who has a credit card in our school.

Unit9. I like music that I can dance to.

【典型例题】

假如你叫李明，是一名中学生，经常收听由美国主持人Philip主持的音乐节目，请根据内容要点提示，用英语给主持人写一封信。

要点：1. 你很喜欢这个节目，特别是节目播放的歌词很优美，是很棒的英语歌曲。

2. 在你学习感到疲劳时，会打开收音机听这个节目。

3. 从节目中你学到了很多单词。

4 告诉他你最喜欢的是什么类型的音乐，请他帮助你介绍一些相关的歌手和CD。

【优秀范文】

Dear Philip,

My name is Li Ming. I am a middle school student. I often Listen to your program at night. I like it very much,especilly the English songs.

I like the English songs that have great lyrics. Every night , I will turn on the radio and listen to your program when I feel tired. It helps me relax myself. By the way，I have learnt many English words from these songs.

At last, I like singers who can sing clearly and write their own songs. Can you introduce me some singers and their CDs? You can send me e-mail at Liming@yahoo.com.

I am looking forward to hearing you. Thank you very much!

Yours

Li Ming

Unit10. You are supposed to shake hands.

本单元以“风俗习惯”为话题，围绕这一话题主要学习各国的不同礼仪，如见面礼仪、餐桌礼仪等，谈论在不同的场合应该做什么，了解不同国家的习俗。最能体现本单元话题以及语言运用能力的作文为介绍不同国家风俗习惯的短文、书信或邮件等。写作此类话题作文的常用表达有：

(1) You are supposed/expected to…

(2) You should…

(3) You are not supposed to…

【典型例题】

假如你是苏敏，你的美国笔友Tina发来电子邮件，说她下周要来中国，但对中国的风俗习惯、见面礼仪及餐桌礼仪了解很少，于是向你寻求帮助，请你给她回一封电子邮件，告诉她有关中国风俗习惯、见面礼仪及餐桌礼仪的情况。

提示：

1. 风俗习惯的不同：中国人第一次见面时握手;

2. 见面时谈论的内容;

3. 餐桌礼仪的不同：我们用筷子就餐;就餐时不能用筷子指着别人;就餐时不可以多说话等。

【优秀范文】

Dear Tina,

I’m very happy to hear that you’re coming to china next week. I hope to see you soon.

As we all know, different countries have different customs. So the manners in China are very different from those in your country. Let me tell you something about customs and manners in our country.

First, we Chinese are supposed to shake hands when we meet for the first time. Then we greet each other. After that, you can talk about something relaxing. But you are not supposed to talk about someone’s salary, age and so on. Second, we use chopsticks to have meals while you use your forks at table. Also, it’s bad manners to talk too much when you’re having meals.

I hope you’ll have a wonderful time in our country.

Unit11. Sad movies make me cry.

本单元主要谈论某件事情对我们的影响以及我们的感受，这是一个记叙和议论相结合的话题。写这类话题的文章，观点要明确，并给出具体事例，最后适当加以评论。

【典型例题】

每个人都有幸运和不幸的时候，在你的记忆中，你所经历的最糟糕的一天是什么样的?写出你的经历过程和感受。要求语句通顺，语法正确，不少于80词。开头已给出，不计入总词数。

【优秀范文】

I still remember the bad day I have experienced clearly.

It was a Friday. I woke up late because my clock didn't go off. I felt very nervous. I might be late for school. When I got to school，the teacher was having a class. I felt afraid. As a result，the teacher punished me. I was very sad. By the time we had English class，I found I had left my English book at home. So I had to borrow one.

After lunch，I fought with my classmate because of some small things.The teacher kicked me off the classroom and sent me home. I knew I let my parents down. I also felt I wasn't a good child. I didn't feel like eating dinner and went to bed.

That night I thought about these things carefully and decided to make a change. I believed I could be a good boy soon.

Unit12. Life is full of the unexpected.

【典型例题】

假如你是Tom, 请记述你昨天不同寻常的一天：

1. 闹钟没响，所以起床晚了;

2. 想洗澡时，爸爸已经在洗澡了;

3. 没吃早餐去赶公交，可到达公交站时车已经走了，只好跑到学校去;4.到达学校时，老师已经开始上课，对你的迟到感到很生气;5.交作业时发现作业放在家里了;6.历史课上受到老师的表扬，因为在家做了大量的准备工作。

【优秀范文】

Yesterday was a really bad day for me.

To start with, my alarm clock didn’t go off so that I got up late. By the time I got up, my father had already gotten into the shower. Then I rushed to the bus stop without breakfast. By the time I got there, the bus had already left and I had to rushed to school. When I got to school, my teacher had already started teaching and he was really angry with me. Then it was time to hand in homework, but I had left it at home. I was really embarrassed at that time.

One good thing was that my history teacher said something good to me because I had done a lot to prepare for this class. It was the only good thing for me yesterday.

Unit13. We're trying to save the earth!

【典型例题】

假如你所在的城市正在创建“国家级卫生城市”, 作为该城市的一员, 你会有许多感触和想法。请以“How to set up a national healthy city? ”为题, 根据所给提示写一篇80-100个单词的英语短文。

【优秀范文】

How to set up a national healthy city?

Our city is trying to set up a national healthy city. As a member of the city, I think we should obey the rules.

We can’t throw rubbish here and there. We can’t talk loudly in public, such as in the library or in the museum. We can’t spit and smoke in public as well. When we are on the bus, we should give our seats to the old and children, as well as some women with babies in their arms.

During our daily lives, we should be polite to others. And we should obey the traffic rules. Remember to stop when the traffic light is red. We must go across the road when the traffic light is green. Finally, we should also turn off the lights before we leave the room.

I’m sure our city will become more and more beautiful as long as we all try our best to do something for it!

Unit14. I remember meeting all of you in Grade7.

【典型例题】

初中三年即将结束，请写一篇英语短文介绍你难忘的一个人或一件事。

【优秀范文】

A person I will never forget

The person I will never forget is my English teacher.

He is a tall man with glasses. He likes sports and often plays football with us in his free time. He is very humorous and always makes his classes lively and interesting. He is kind but strict with us. He never allows us to make careless mistakes when we have an exam and always encourage us to study hard and be good at English. He often tells us it is useless to memorize news words without understanding.

My English has greatly improved with his help.

篇4：初三英语单元知识点

九年级上册英语第一单元知识点

I.重点词汇

Test----exam words----vocabulary

Excited----exciting amazing----surprising

sometimes----sometime----some times----some time

for example----such as----like begin with----to begin with

maybe----perhaps----probably affect----influence

problem----question

II.重点词组

1.ask…for… 2.speaking skills

3.ask…about… 4.not…at all

5.get excited about 6.end up

7.make mistakes 8.first of all

9.to begin with 10.later on

11.be afraid of 12.laugh at

13.make sentences 14.take notes

15.write down 16.make sure

17.deal with 18.look up

19.make up 20.worry about

21.be angry with 22.go by

23.each other 24.solve a problem

25.regard…as… 26.complain about

27.change…into… 28.try one’s best

29.with the help of 30.compare…to…

31.think about 32.break off

九年级上学期英语知识点

1.Check in : 在旅馆的登记入住。 Check out: 在旅馆结账离开。

2.By: ①通过…..方式(途径)。例：I learn English by listening to tapes.

②在…..旁边。例：by the window/the door

③乘坐交通工具 例：by bus/car

④在……之前，到……为止。例：by October在10月前

⑤被 例：English is spoken by many people.

3.how与what的区别：

how通常对方式或程度提问，意思有：怎么样 如何，通常用来做状语、表语。

what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问，意思为 什么，通常做宾语，主语。

①How is your summer holiday? It’s OK.(how表示程度 做表语)

②How did you travel around the world? I travel by air.

③What do you learn at school? I learn English, math and many other subjects.

① What…think of…? How…like…?

② What…do with…? How…deal with…?

③ What…like about…? How…like…?

④ What’s the weather like today? How’s the weather today?

⑤ What to do? How to do it?

e.g. What do you think of this book?=How do you like this book?

I don’t know what I should do with the matter.=I don’t know how I should deal with it.

What do you like about China?=How do you like China?

I don’t know what to do next step?=I don’t know how to do it next step?

㊣ What good / bad weather it is today!(weather为不可数名词，其前不能加 a )

㊣ What a fine / bad day it is today! (day为可数名词，其前要加 a )

初三英语学习方法

一、【如何学好初三英语】：词汇

词汇是学好英语的关键，没有足够的词汇就无从谈起听、说、读、写。

词汇量的大小决定一个学生英语水平的高低。因此在初中阶段除要掌握《大纲》要求的800多词汇外，还要扩充500个左右的词汇。在学习词汇的过程中，要掌握词的拼读规则，根据规则记忆单词;同时还要根据构词法知识记忆和扩充单词，通过语境理解和记忆单词也是一个学习单词的好方法。目前词汇在中考试题中汉译英的试题越来越少，取而代之的是词汇在语境中的运用考查比重越来越大。在进入学习英语的初级阶段时，掌握语音知识是学好英语单词的基础，读准英语音素是拼读音标的前提。因此一定要熟练掌握48个音素，要做到会拼读、拼写。有些同学认为中考试题的笔试部分取消了对语音的考查，于是就其次，要注意训练自己听音、辨音和模仿的能力。课堂上，专心听老师的发音和磁带上的录音，争取当堂学会。对于那些比较拗口的单词、短语或句子，课下一定要挤时间反复模仿，直到读准、读熟为止。再次，熟练掌握读音规则，培养自己根据读音规则把字母(或字母组合)与读音建立起联系的能力。因为掌握拼读规则对单词的记忆很有好处。

二、【如何学好初三英语】：语法

语法是学好英语的基础，它是掌握英语的工具。在你掌握了一定的词汇量后，了解一些语法知识是非常必要的。选择填空是考查语法的一个重要题型。它可以通过选择的方式考查名词、动词、代词、形容词、副词、连词、介词和数词等等。覆盖面较广。初中阶段所学的语法知识就是那么屈指可数的几个，反复练习过多遍，为什么到头来还是出错呢?这种一错再错的现象在学生中是普遍存在的，即某个题目在以前曾做错过，以后再次见到这个题，还是做不对甚至犯同样的错误。我觉得问题的关键在于没有彻底弄懂错误的原因或没有引起足够的重视。你应该把做错的每一道题，都要进行认真、仔细的分析和思考：错在哪里?是对该知识点不了解还是粗心大意所致?如何改正?怎样才能避免类似错误的发生?是否还有其它的解法?经过这一番反思之后，再把它们记录到“错题库”中去。以后再碰到类似题目就基本上可以杜绝错误的发生。尤其是那些易受思维定势影响的题目更应当这样去处理，否则就很容易重蹈覆辙。

时态学习是中国学生最为头疼是一项语法项目。因为中国人在语言的表达中只有时间的变化，而没有时态的概念，但英语中语言所表述的事情处在不同的时间，要用不同的时态，而且时态的关键表述在句子的谓语动词上。有时背起规则来很容易，但在句子的使用中却常常出现错误。要准确地掌握初中阶段的五个基本时态，重要的还是要在句子中多运用。

篇5：初三英语单元课件

初三英语单元课件

Unit 3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?

【学习目标】

学习生词 stamp n. 邮票；印章

掌握1a短语 掌握宾语从句的句型变化

【学习重点难点】

掌握宾语从句的句型变化X k B 1 . c o m

【学法指导】

复习—引入---听说—听力—巩固

【教学过程】

一、导入（启发探究 3分钟）

1．打扰了。请问去书店怎么走？

(1)Excuse me. Could you tell me to the bookshop?

(2)Excuse me. Could you tell me how the bookshop?

(3)Excuse me. Could you tell me how to the bookshop?

(4)Excuse me. Could you tell me the bookshop ?

(5)Excuse me. is the way to the bookshop, please?

(6)Excuse me. the bookshop, please?

(7)Excuse me. How can I get to the bookshop, please?

2、Where can you do the things below?

get some money get some magazines

have dinner get a dictionary

get some information about the town buy a newspaper

buy some stamps get a pair of shoes

二、自学（自主探究 6分钟）

拼读单词，牢记意思

restroom /restru:m/ n. （美）洗手间；公共厕所 p.17

stamp n. 邮票；印章 p.17

bookstore n. 书店 p.17

读记1a短语，明确含义

get some money get some magazines

have dinner get a dictionary

get some information about the town buy a newspaper

buy some stamps get a pair of shoes

完成1a任务

三、交流（合作探究 10分钟）

完成1b学习

听磁带一次，完成任务，同桌交流，核对答案。

再听磁带一次，填空。

Conversation l

Girl: Excuse me, could you tell me where I can buy some ?

Boy: Yes. There’s a post office on Center Street.

Girl: Oh, could you tell me how to get to Center Street?

Boy: Sure. You see that bank there?

Girl: Hmm…oh, yes.

Boy: Just go the bank and then right. The post office is on the right, to the library.

Girl: Thanks a lot!

Conversation 2

Boy: Excuse me, do you know where I can get a dictionary?

Girl: Sure. There’s a on Main Street.

Boy: Oh, could you please tell me how to get ?

Girl: Yes. Go along Center Street and then turn left on Main Street. Then you will see the bookstore on the side of the street.

Boy: Thanks! Do you know when the bookstore today?

Girl: I think it closes at 7:00 p.m. today.

听读材料，模仿语音语调、句群停顿。

朗读材料，勾画短语。

go past the bank turn right.

on the right, next to the library.

Thanks a lot! Could you please tell me how to get there?

Go along Center Street turn left

on the other side of the street.

Do you know when the bookstore closes today

it closes at 7:00 p.m. today.

完成1c任务

朗读1c的对话

新编对话并表演

四、总结（引深探究 15分钟）

宾语从句的句型变化

①．许多带复合宾语的句子，宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it做形式宾语。结构是：主语 + 动词 + it + 形容词/名词等宾语补足语 + 宾语从句

We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.

I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.

②. 带有宾语从句的`复合句的疑问形式一般是对主句进行变化。

I know he will come to my party.

→ Do you know he will come to my party. ?

→ I don’t know he will come to my party.

Lucy tells me that he likes the English teacher.

→Does Lucy tell you that he likes the English teacher?

→Lucy doesn’t tell me that he likes the English teacher.

③. 宾语从句的否定转移

主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,

guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.

我认为他不会来我的舞会。 I don’t think he will come to my party.

我认为他不喜欢英语老师。I don’t think he likes the English teacher.

（4）完成反意问句

在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去，完成反意问句时，应与从句主、谓保持一致。（注： 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称）

eg． I don't think you are right,are you

I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they？

I don’t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改为反意疑问句)

→ I don’t suppose they will come, will they ？

再如：

She doesn’t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改为反意疑问句)

She doesn’t suppose they will come, does she ?

（5） 宾语从句的简化问题

对于含有宾语从句的复合句进行简化，即由复合句变成简单句，可以分为两种情况：

第一：如果主句的谓语动词是，ask,tell,hope,wish,decide,agree等，从句部分可以转化为动词不定式结构。例如：

I hope that I can receive your email(改为简单句) →

I hope to receive your email.

例：I don’t know what I should do next.

I con’t know what to do next.

He didn’t know where he would live.

He didn’t know where to live.

第二：有些以特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，从句部分亦可以简化为动词不定式结构，即特殊疑问词+to do ,特别是当主句的谓语动词为know,ask,forget,remember,learn,tell,teach等。例如：

I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） →

I don't know how to get to the hospital.

这类题也可以反过来做：

例如：Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） →

Lucy hasn't decided which trousers I will can buy.

五、练评（包含“考点链接” 应用探究 6分钟）

1、Excuse me. Can you tell me how ________ get to the cinema?

A. can I B. do I C. I can D. I do

2、Do you know _________?

A. where is the post office B. how can I get to the post office

C. which way can I choose D. how to get to the post office

3、Look! There are some boys _______ football on the playground.

A. are playing B. play C. playing D. played

4、Could you tell me how _______ (mend) the bike?

5、I don’t know what I shall do next. (改为简单句)

I don’t know ____________________ next.

6、I think if you want to buy a computer, you’d better __________ (取点钱).

______________ (集邮) is good for your growing.

Could you tell me _______________________(这儿是否有个邮局)?

I don’t know ______________________(从哪里买杂志？).

I _____________________ (买了一双鞋子) to Jim yesterday.

_____________________________(三楼有一家银行).

【教学反思】

篇6：初三英语第二十单元

科目 英语

年级 初三

文件 middle3 unit20.1.doc

标题 The World's Population

章节 第二十单元

关键词

内容

一、教法建议

【 抛砖引玉 】

单元双基学习目标

Ⅰ. 词汇学习

population , billion , India , following , grow , beginning , century . UN , at the beginning of , the more developed countries , the less developed countries , the developing countries , in the year 2000 , hour after hour , on the earth

Ⅱ. 句型结构

What's the population of Germany ?

By what year will the world's population reach 6 billion ?

I didn't know that China's population would grow so fast .

We never asked what would happen to the world .

Ⅲ. 课文学习

本单元的中心话题是当代人类最为关注的人口问题，通过学习课文了解世界人口的状况

并学习过去将来时的用法。语法重点学习过去将来时。

【 指点迷津 】

单元重点词汇点拨

1 . population 人口；人数

- What's the population of that city ? 那个城市的人口有多少 ?

- The city has a population of 300 , 3000 . 该市有30万人口。

The population of the city is less than / 200 , 000 . 此城的人口不到20万。

〖 点拨 〗population 作主语谓语通常用单数，但当其前面有百分数、分数修饰时，谓语用复数。have a population of 有……人口。问人口多少有 what 或者 how large 。

2 . following 接着的；以下的

He became quite well the following day . 第二天，他的身体便好了。

Please translate the following sentences into English .

3 . mouth 嘴

Open your mouth , please .

The boy filled his mouth with food .

His mouth is watering . 他在流口水。

〖 点拨 〗复数直接加 s 。have a dirty mouth 说脏话。from hand to mouth 勉强糊口。

4 . beginning 开始；开端

I've read the book from beginning to end . 我已把这本书从头到尾读完了。

The beginning of the book is interesting . 这本书开头很有趣。

Good beginning is half done . 良好的开端是成功的一半。 ( 谚语 )

He came back at the beginning of the school term . 这学期开始时他回来了。

〖 点拨 〗from beginning to end 从头到尾。

5 . century 世纪；百年

The church is some centuries old . 这座教堂已有数百年的历史了。

6 . by 到……为止 ( 指时间 ) ，不迟于

I'll finish the work by this week . 在本周末前我将把工作完成。

He can't get here by 5 0'clock . 五点钟之前他到不了这里。

This work must be finished by the end of this month .

〖 点拨 〗by the end of 到……末端为止，by the way 顺便说一下。

单元词组思维运用

1 . on earth 在地球上

Two thousand years ago , there were only 250 million people on the earth . 两千年前，地球上只有两亿五千万人。

We live on the earth , but in the future some will be able to live on the moon . 我们生活在地球上，将来有些人可能生活在月球上。

注意on earth 是“世界上；究竟”。如：

What on earth do you mean ? 你究竟是什么意思 ?

He is the greatest man on earth . 他是世界上最伟大的人。

2 . hour after hour 一小时接着一小时，不停地

If the population goes on hour after hour , it will be the biggest problem in our country . 如果人口一小时又一小时地继续增长下去，它将成为我国最大的问题。

So it goes on , hour after hour . In one day , people have to find food for over 250 , 000 mouths more . 随着一小时又一小时地过去，仅在一天内，人们就必须提供25万人吃的食物。

They worked on hour after hour and never left tired . 他们不停地工作，从不感到累。

类似词组还有：day after day 一天又一天 / year after year 一年又一年

3 . at the beginning of 在……初期；在……开头

At the beginning of the twentieth century , the world's population was about 1 , 700 million . 在20世纪初，世界人口大约17亿。

You can find the sentence at the beginning of this chapter . 在这一章的开头你能发现那个句子。

注意at the beginning 是“开始，开头”。如：

At the beginning he wasn't interested in maths . 起初他对数学不感兴趣。

4 . at the end of 在……的末尾；在……的尽头

At the end of the road you'll see the hospital .

At the end of his journey , he went to Shanghai . 在旅行快要结束时，他去了上海。

At the end of 1979 , he came back from Japan . 在1979年末，他从日本回来。

5 . some day 总有一天，有朝一日

Some day you will be sorry about it .

6 . faster and faster 越来越快

The world's population is growing faster and faster . 世界人口增长得越来越快。

注意“比较级 + and + 比较级”表示“越来越……”。又如：

She's getting thinner and thinner . 她越来越瘦了。

7 . no more than 只有，仅有

We have walked on more than ten miles . 我们走了顶多只有10英里。

It took her no more than an hour to write the article . 她仅仅花了一小时就写完了那篇文章。

辨析：not more than 的意思是“至多”，“不超过”。试比较：

There are no more than five students in the classroom . 教室里顶多只有五个学生。 ( 强调“人少”的意思 )

There are not more than five student in the classroom . 教室里的学生不超过五人。 ( 强调“不超过”的意思 )

二、学海导航

【 学法指要 】

单元难点疑点思路明晰

1 . 以介词开头的特殊疑问句句型

By what year will the world's population reach 6 billion ? 到哪一年，世界人口将达到六十亿 ?

介词 by 在此表示“到 ( 什么时候 ) 为止”。在特殊疑问句中，当疑问句作介词宾语时，有时可将介词放在句首。又如：

By whom is the book written ?

At what time did you tell him to meet us ?

From which library did you borrow the book ?

To whom were you talking ?

2 . 不定式作定语的句型

There will not be enough space even to stand in on the earth . 就是在地球上站着，也不会有足够的地方了。

不定式 even to stand in 用作定语，修饰 space . 注意，stand 是不及物动词。当不定式是不及物动词而作定语修饰名词时，它后面就应有必要的介词。如本句型中的 in 。又如：

He still had no house to live in . 他仍然没有房子住。

There is nothing ( for us ) to worry about . 没有什么值得发愁的。

He is a very nice person to work with . 他是一个很好共事的人。

3. the world’s population 世界人口

( 1 ) population 常用来表示一个地区、一个城市、一个国家的总人口数，当 population在句中作主语时，它后面的动词应该用单数形式。如：

What's the population of the world ? 全世界有多少人 ?

Wuhan has a population of about seven million . 武汉大约有七百万人。

( 2 ) people 常用来表示一个较小范围内的具体人数。如：

About two hundred people came to that meeting .

4 . 英语中数词的读法

( 1 ) 大家知道，数字每隔三位数就有一个分节号，分节以后，各节就成了101 - 999第三位数了。第一分节号前是 thousand ( 千 ) ，第二个分节号前是 million ( 百万 ) ，第三个分节号前是 thousand million ( 英国读法 ) 或 billion ( 美国读法 ) ( 十亿 ) 。读的时候十位数 ( 或个位数 ) 的前面一般要加 and ( 也可不加 ) 。因此，333 333 333 读作：three hundred ( and ) thirty - three million , three hundred ( and ) thirty - three thousand , three hundred and thirty - three

( 2 ) 英语没有单独表示“万”和“亿”的词，所以：

10 000 ( 一万 ) 读作：ten thousand

10 000 ( 十万 ) 读作：one hundred thousand

10 000 000 ( 一千万 ) 读作：ten million

100 000 000 ( 一亿 ) 读作：one hundred million

5 . About eighty - one million 是 The population of Germany ( 或 It ) is about eighty - one million 的简略形式。

6 . … and find out the answers to these questions . ……并找出这些问题的答案。

( 1 ) 辨义：find 与 find out

find 多用于直观所“发现”或“找到”的东西；find out 则强调通过思索、调查等所发现的事物。例如：

I haven't found my pen yet .

We must find out the result of the thing .

( 2 ) 句中的介词 to 表示一种对应或配套关系，不可用介词 of 。例如：

This is the key to the front door . 这是前门的钥匙。

Where is the monument to Liu Hunan ? 刘胡兰纪念碑在哪里 ?

7 . Standing room only 只有立足之地

room 在这里意为“空间，地方”，为不可数名词。例如：

The bed takes up too much room .

8 . By what year will the world's population reach 6 billion ? 到哪一年，世界人口将达到60亿 ?

( 1 ) by“到……止；不迟于”。例如：

By the end of last year , they had learned about one thousand English words .

I'll be back by ten o'clock . 我将10点钟以前返回。

比较：I'll be back at about ten o'clock . 我将于10点左右返回。

( 2 ) 在特殊疑问句中，当疑问词作介词宾语时，有时将该介词置于疑问词前。例如：

With whom were you talking just now ? 刚才你和谁交谈 ?

From which library did you borrow the book ? 你从哪个图书馆借的这本书 ?

9 . Maybe you think that isn't many . 可能你认为174个婴儿并不多。

名右的 that 代替前面提到的 174 babies，这是一个具体的 number ( 数字 ) ，作为一个整体，代词用 that 而不用 those 。例如：

He's learned about five thousand English words . That's really a big number .

The child has learnt hundreds of English words . That isn't easy for him .

10 . So it goes on , hour after hour . 人口出生就这样一小时一小时的延续下去。

( 1 ) so“如此”的意思。it 指上文提到的人口出生。

( 2 ) go on “继续不断”的意思。可作及物或不及物动词词组用。例如：

The work went on well . 工作进行得很好。

Peter went on doing his homework though he was tired .

( 3 ) hour after hour “一小时接一小时。例如：

day after day 一天天 ，year after year 一年又一年

11 . In one day , people have to find food over 250 000 mouths more . 每过一天，人们就不得不为增加的25万多张嘴寻找食物。

( 1 ) 句中的 in 与表示“所用的”时间连用。例如：

She finished reading the book in a week . 她用一星期时间看完了这本书。

( 2 ) 介词短语 over 250 000 mouths more 是介词 for 的宾语。例如：

250 000 mouths more“多25万张嘴”。注意这种表达结构，其中的 more 表示数量的增多。例如：

We don't hear clearly . Please read the text once more .

They've learned about one thousand English wors . And we've learned two hundred more . 他们学了约 1000 个英语单词，我们还多学了 200 个。

( 4 ) 介词 over 可作“多于”、“超过”之意。例如：

It cost me over ten yuan .

12 . Just think how many more there will be in one year ! 想想看吧，在一年时间里将会增加多少人 !

( 1 ) just 常与祈使句连用。例如：

Just come here a moment . 请到这儿来一下。

( 2 ) How many more there will be in one year 是动词 think 的宾语从句。

13 . The population problem may be the greatest one of the world today . 人口问题可能是当今世界最严重的问题。

( 1 ) the greatest one 即 the greatest problem , one 为代词。

( 2 ) 介词短语 of the world today 是 one 的定语。

14 . The world's population is growing faster and faster . 世界人口增长得越来越快。

( 1 ) grow 意为“增长，增大”。句中用进行时 is growing , 很好地表达了当今世界的人口状况。

( 2 ) faster and faster 是副词重叠，修饰 is growing，作状语。副词和形容词比较级的这种重叠使用，相当于汉语的“越来越……”。例如：

The train ran faster and faster . 火车开得越来越快。

15 . But at the beginning of the twentieth century …，然而在二十世纪初……

at the beginning of…“在……之初”。例如：

At the beginning of the class , the teacher drew a picture on the blackboard .

在开始上课的时候，老师在黑板上画了幅画。

16 . A Un report says that world population will pass six billion by the end of the twentieth century . 一份联合国报告表明，到二十世纪末，全球人口将超过60亿。

( 1 ) Un＝ ( the ) United Nations“联合国”

( 2 ) pass 意为“超过”。例如：

Run faster , or Li Ming will pass you .

( 3 ) pass 通常还作“通过”、“经过”之意。例如：

We all passed the exam last week .

17 . People say that by the year 2010 , it may be seven billion . 人们说，到 2010 年，世界人口可能达到 70 亿。

( 1 ) by“到……为止，不迟于”。

( 2 ) 句中的 2010 是 the year 的同位语。例如：

the year 1949 一九四九年，the year 1997 一九九七年也可说 the year of 1949 , the year of 1997

这里的介词 of 表示同位关系。

18 . There will not be enough space for anybody else . 再也没有足够的空间来容纳任何其他的人了。

anybody 为不定代词，副词 else 修饰不定代词必须后置。

19 . the more developed countries 比较发达的国家

the less developed countries 不太发达的国家

20 . Which country has the larger population , Canada or Australia ? 哪个国家人口多些，加拿大还是澳大利亚 ?

population 一词指的是总人口 ( 见本单元 1 ) ，所以，说人口多就用 large population 或 big population , 反之就用 small population 。

21 . population ( in hundred million ) 人口 ( 以亿为单位 )

介词 in 表示“用……方式”。例如：

( 1 ) Answer my question in English , please ?

( 2 ) Look , the students are standing there in rows .

22 . There will not be enough space even to stand in on the earth . 地球上将连站立的空间都不够。

( 1 ) 不定式 even to stand in 是 space 的定语，而 space 在逻辑上 ( 或意义上 ) 则是介词 in 的宾语。这种结构中的介词是不能没有的，因为 stand 是不及物动词，不能接宾语，要特别注意。

我们可以说 stand in space 而不能说 stand space 。

( 2 ) 当上面结构中不定式的动词是及物动词时，则不能用介词。例如：

I've some important letters to write .

23 . 同义词 hear 与 listen 的区别。

hear 与 listen 这两个词都是动词，都有“听”的意思。但意思有区别，用法也不同。

hear 是及物动词，表示“听见”，“蝗到”，可能是有意识的听，也可能是无意误解的听。

Louder , please , I can't hear you .

We heard someone laughing in the next room .

hear 还可作不及物动词，后接 of ( about ) 表示“听别人说” ( 指间接听到 ) ；后接from 意 思是“收到 ( 某人 ) 的来信”。如：

I have never heard of such a thing . 我从未听说过这种事。

Have you still not heard from him ? 你还没有收到的来信吗 ?

listen 是不及物动词，表示有意识或注意地“听”，交不说明是否听见的结果；必须加 to 才能接宾语。如：

He often listens to news on radio .

I listened but heard nothing . 我注意听了，但什么也没听见。

24 . 相似词 after , in , later 的区别

after 作介词表示在“某时间之后”， ( 1 ) 它可以表示“在过去的一段时间之间”。 ( 2 ) after 后面不用将来时，而是用现在时态表示将来的含义。如：

She went after three days . 她是三天后走的。

I'll phone you after I arrive . ( or : after I have arrived . ) 我到了之后，给你打电话。

但不说：She will go after three days .

也不说：I'll phone you after I'll arrive .

in 表示从现在起，将来的某时间之后。如：

I will come and see you in five days . 五天以后我来看你。

later 用作副词，常用在过去时的句子中，表示“一段时间之后”。如：

She came a few minutes later . 她几分种后就来了。

later 也可用在一般将来时中。如：

You will realize your mistake later .

你以后会认识到你的错误。

I shall call on you three months later .

三个月后我来看望你。

25 . 同义词 field , ground , earth , land 的区别

( 1 ) field ( 土地，田地 ) ，指可以耕种和种植农作物的土地。

The peasants are working in the fields .

( 2 ) ground ( 地，土地，地面 ) ，主要指大地、陆地的表面，也可以指土壤、场

地、泥土。指陆地时，土地、沙地、水泥地都可用这个词。

The little boy was lying on the ground .

( 3 ) earth ( 土，土地，泥土，地面 ) ，可用作“大地”，以别于天空。用作“地面”，以别于海、洋、大气和天空。还可用作“泥土”，以别于坚硬的岩石。earth 还可作“地球”解。如：

The house is built of earth . 这房子是用土筑成的。

The earth is bigger than the moon . 地球比月亮大。

( 4 ) land ( 土地，地面，田地 ) ，作陆地、大地讲时，是河流、海洋的相对用词。用以指土地或土壤时，着重指它的性质、用途，即可耕种的田地。如：

Are you going by land or by sea ? 你走陆路或是海路 ?

Fish cannot live on land . 鱼不能在陆地上生活。

He owns a lot of land , but he never works on the land . 他拥有许多土地，但他从不耕作。

26 . 数字表达法

注意英语和汉语在表示数字上的异同：

英语和汉语在表示“百”、“千”、“百万”、“十亿”时分别有相应的单词，如 hundred ( 百 ) ，thousand ( 千 ) ，million ( 百万 ) ，billion ( 十亿 ) 。但在英语中，没有单独的词表示“万”和“十万”，而要用“ten thousand”表示“万”，用“one hundred thousand”表示“十万”。例如：

数字 汉语 英语

100 一百 one hundred

1 000 一千 one thousand

10 000 一万 ten thousand

100 000 十万 one hundred thousand

1 000 000 一百万 one million

10 000 000 一千万 ten million

100 000 000 一亿 one hundred million

1 000 000 000 十亿 one billion

1 200 000 000 十二亿 one billion and two hundred million

【 妙文赏析 】

A Foolish Man Buys Shoes

There was once a foolish man . One day he wanted to go to the market to buy a new pair of shoes . He first measured his feet with a ruler and then took a piece of thread the length of his feet on it . He was in such a hurry to set off that he left the thread of home .

At the market , when arriving at a shoe store , he felt in his pockets , but he only found that thread wasn't in . So he said to the shop assistant in a regretful voice , “I've left my measurement at home , so I don't know the size , I'll have to go back for it . ”With these words , he hurried off .

He hurried home for the thread and then ran back to the market . It took him a lot of time in the trip home and back . By the time he reached the market , it was almost dark and the market was already over . He had gone to all this trouble for nothing , failing to buy the shoes .

Then someone asked him , “Do you want to buy the shoes for yourself or for someone else ? ”

“For myself , of course ! ”he answered .

The man asked him , “Well , but haven't you brought your feet with you ? What do you need to bring the measurement for ? ”

【 思维体操 】

Ⅰ . 考考你的智力，请作出正确的选择

1 . Which of the five designs is least like the other four ?

( a ) ( b ) ( c ) ( d ) ( e )

2 . If you rearrange the letters in “NAICH , ”you would have the name of a ( n ) :

COUNTRY OCEAN STATE CRRY ANIMAL

( a ) (b) (c) (d) (e)

3 . Jack is 15 years old , three times as old as his sister . How old will Jack be when he is twice as old as his sister ?

18 20 24 26 30

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

答案： 1 . E All the other figures are symmetrical . 2 . A“NAICH”→“CHINA . ” 3 . Jack is ten years older than his sister . In five years Jack will be 20 , and his sister who is now 5 will be 10 .

三、智能显示

【 心中有数 】

单元语法发散思维

过去将来时态

过去将来时的动词表示对过去某一时间来说将要发生的动作或呈现的状态。这个时态常用在宾语从句中。过去将来时有以下几种形式：

1. should / would + 动词原形

He said he would be there before Sunday . 他说他星期天以前将在那里。 ( be 动词肯定式 )

I hoped I should not go the next week . 我希望下星期我不去。 ( do 动词的否定式 )

注意这个时态是一个相对的时态，立足于过去某时，从过去的观点看未来。

2. was / were going + 动词不定式

过去将来时的这种表达形式可以表示过去曾经打算或计划准备要做的事。如：

They told me that they were going to have a picnic . 他们告诉我他们将要举行一次野餐。

They were going to have a meeting . 他们曾经打算开个会。

过去将来时的这种形式可以表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的事，但未实现的动作。

I was just going to ring him up when he came . 我刚要给他打电话，他就来了。 ( 电话没打成 )

有时也用 was / were + coming 表示过去将来时，如：

I didn't know when they were coming again .

3. was / were + 动词不定式

was / were about + 动词不定式

Mary was to meet Jack at the street corner . 玛丽将在街道拐角处同杰克见面。

We were about to leave when the telephone rang . 我们正要走，电话铃响了。

【 动手动脑 】

单元能力立体检测

Ⅰ. 给下列短文每空一个词

I'm glad that I have two good friends . Jack is the ( 1 ) diligent ( 勤奋 ) of them and in fact the ( 2 ) diligent student in my class . He does well in maths . But at first his English was ( 3 ) poorer than mine . He had more English grammar books than ( 4 ) else , but he didn't read or speak often . So my spoken English was much ( 5 ) than his , with the help of the teacher and the classmate , he has spoken even ( 6 ) English than I ( 7 ) the beginning of last term . Many say that my English is not ( 8 ) good as his now . My elder sister says that I must learn from Jack and study ( 9 ) hard ( 10 ) he does .

Ⅱ. 改写句子 ( 在改写后的句子空白处填入一个适当的英语单词，使句意合乎要求或

与原文相符 )

1 . You don't like singing . He doesn't like singing , either .

_____ you _____ he _____ singing .

2 . He is as friendly to us as before .

He is _____ _____ as _____ _____ us as before .

3 . What's the population of that country ?

______ ______ ______ ______ ______ in that country ?

4 . There are over 60 students in our class .

There are ______ ______ 60 students in our class .

5 . Why did you go to that factory ?

______ did you go to that factory ______ ?

6 . I think you are wrong .

I ______ ______ you are ______ .

7 . He is tired , I'm tired , too .

He is tired , ______ ______ I .

Ⅲ . 补全对话

Mary : Hello ! ( 1 ) I speak to Allan ?

Mrs Black : Sorry , Allan isn't in . This is Mrs Black speaking , Who's ( 2 ) ?

Mary : ( 3 ) is Mary , Mrs Black . I called at four thirty this afternoon . but ( 4 ) was in .

Mrs Black : Oh , we were all out . I ( 5 ) back just now . Can ( 6 ) take a message for John ?

Mary : Yes , of course . Please tell John that all the English - Chinese dictionary are sold ( 7 ) . I will ( 8 ) him one . I have been busy these days . I have ( 9 ) important to do today . Would you please tell him to come and get my dictionary ?

Mrs Black : OK .

Mary : Thanks a lot . Good - bye !

Mrs Black : ( 10 )

答案：Ⅰ . 1 . more 2 . most 3 . much 4 . anyone 5 . better 6 . more 7 . since 8 . as 9 . as 10 . as Ⅱ . 1 . Neither , nor , likes 2 . getting on , well , with 3 . How many people are there 4 . more than 5 . What , for 6 . don't think right 7 . So am Ⅲ . 1 . May Could 2 . that 3 . This 4 . nobody 5 . came 6 . I 7 . out 8 . lend 9 . something 10 . Bye - bye

【 创新园地 】

请开动脑筋把下面的名人论读书的格言译成中文

1 . Books are the ever - burning lamps of accumulated wisdom .

- G . W . Curlies

2 . That is a good book which is opened with expectation and closed with profit .

- L . W . Alcott

3 . A good book is the best of friends , the same today and for ever .

- M . Tupper

4 . The reading of all good books is like a conversation with the finest men of past centuries .

- R . Descarles

5 . Histories make men wise , poems witty ; the mathematics subtile ; natural philosophy deep ; moral grave ; logic and rhetoric able to contend .

- F . Bacon

创新园地答案：

1 . 好书乃积累智慧之长明灯。 -- 寇第斯

2 . 好书使人开卷有所求，闭卷有所获。 -- 奥尔科特

3 . 好书如好友，友情永不渝。 -- 塔珀

4 . 阅读好书，就好比是同过去多少世纪最杰出的人们交谈。 -- 笛卡尔

5 . 读诗使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，

逻辑修辞学使人善辩。 -- 培根

【 同步题库 】

Ⅰ . 词汇知识

A ) 用英语写出下列数字的读法

1 . 3 , 333 ______________________

2 . 43 , 210 ______________________

3 . 501 , 522 ______________________

4 . 333 , 333 , 333 ______________________

5 . 6 , 232 , 456 , 101 ______________________

B ) 用括号中词语的正确形式填空

1 . Homework must be ______ on time . ( do )

2 . Man - made satellites have been sent up into space by many ______ . ( country )

3 . Sheep are kept by farmers for ______ wool and meat . ( produce )

4 . Do you enjoy ______ football ? ( play )

5 . Mary is made ______ her clothes by her mother . ( wash )

6 . They ______ here for more than twenty years . ( live )

7 . Neither you nor he ______ well . ( swim )

8 . The population may be the ______ one of the world today .

9 . At the ______ of the twentieth century the world's population was about 1 , 700 million . ( begin )

10 . What was the population of the ______ developed countries in 1950 ? ( much )

Ⅱ . 单项选择

1 . 1 , 988 , 356 in English is ______ .

A . one billion , nine million , eighty - eight thousand , three hundred and fifty - six .

B . one million , nine hundreds and eighty - eight thousands , three hundreds and fifty - six .

C . nineteen million , eighty - eight thousand , three hundred and fifty - six .

D . one million , nine hundred and eighty - eight thousand , three hundred and fifty - six .

2 . ____ is the population of France ?

A . What B . How many C . How much D . How many people

3 . It's too crowded in this house . There's no ____ for us .

A . rooms B . any space C . some place D . room

4 . After rest , we walked two hours ____ .

A . much more B . many C . more D . much

5 . I wanted to know what ____ him in twenty years .

A . will happen to B . happened with C . has happened at D . would happen to

6 . The world's population ____ faster and faster .

A . are growing on B . is turning C . is growing D . are getting

7 . The country is ____ than that one .

A . much developed B . much more develop C . developer D . more developed

8 . There will not be enough space for ____ in about 600 years .

A . anybody B . else somebody C . anybody else D . nobody else

9 . During these years , many doctors went to the ____ countries to help them .

A . not developed B . less developed C . no developing D . not much developed

10 . Three - fourths population of this country ____ farmers .

A . is B . are C . be D . to be

11 . The mother knew that she was going to ____ .

A . grow a baby B . have a baby C . produce a baby D . plant a baby

12 . ____ what year will the world's population reach six billion ?

A . To B . In C . By D . On

13 . China has ____ of more than 1 . 2 billion .

A . population B . populations C . a population D . the population

14 . The world's population is growing ____ than ever before .

A . more quicker B . much quickly C . much quickly D . more quickly

15 . During the last two years , they ____ many houses in their village .

A . will build B . have been built C . built D . have built

16 . I don't think there is enough space for you ____ ____ the earth .

A . stand , in B . standing , on C . to stank , at D . to stand , on

17 . ____ of this year , they went to Paris for a visit .

A . In the beginning B . On the begin C . At the beginning D . To the begins

18 . He came to borrow my car ____ , but I didn't lend it to him .

A . someday B . one day C . some day D . any day

19 . Go straight ahead , you'll find the library ____ of the street .

A . in the end B . to the end C . at the end D . by the end

20 . People landed on the moon for the first time in ____ .

A . 1969 years B . the year 1969 C . the year's 1969 D . 1969 of the years

21 . ____ I haven't been to France .

A . Since B . Then C . So far D . Just away

22 . The girl looks very ____ .

A . beautiful B . wonderfully C . carefully D . care

23 . ____ does he write well , ____ he also speaks well .

A . Not only , but B . not also , but C . Either , or D . Both , and

24 . What happened ____ Mr Green yesterday ?

A . for B . in C . at D . to

25 . There are a lot of trees on ____ side .

A . every B . neither C . either D . both

26 . China is a ____ country .

A . develop B . developed C . developing D . develops

27 . By the end of last year , I ____ 2 , 000 new words .

A . learnt B . had learned C . have learned D . learn

28 . He promised me that he ____ buy me a present .

A . should B . would C . shall D . will

29 . That city has a ____ population .

A . large B . much C . many D . little

30 . The teacher told us to read the ____ passage as quickly as we can .

A . follows B . followed C . follow D . follwoing

31 . Is there ____ room for her to stand in .

A . the B . a C . \\ D . an

32 . One day , people have to find food for over 250 , 000 ____ .

A . more mouths B . mouths more C . many mouths D . mouths many

33 . Who is the girl ____ red skirt ?

A . with B . from C . in D . on

34 . Class is over . Let's stop ____ .

A . have a rest B . to have a rest C . having a rest D . to having a rest

35 . Hurry up _____ you'll be late ____ school .

A . and , in B . but , at C . so , on D . or , for

Ⅲ . 完形填空 ( 单词的首字母已给出 )

Charles was eight and a half years old , and he went to a school near his house . He always went there and came home o ( 1 ) foot . He usually got back on t ( 2 ) . But last Friday he came home f ( 3 ) school late . His mother was in the kitchen . When she saw him , she said to him , “W ( 4 ) are you so late today , Charles ? ”

“My teacher was angry and s ( 5 ) me to the headmaster after our lesson . ”Charles answered .

“To the headmaster ? ”his mother said , “Why did she send you to him ? ”

“Because she asked a question in the class , ”Charles said , “and n ( 6 ) of the children gave her the answer e ( 7 ) me . ”

His mother was angry . “But why did the teacher send you to the headmaster then ? Why d ( 8 ) she send all the other fools to the headmaster ? ”she asked Charles . “W ( 9 ) was the question ? ”

“Her question was who put glue ( 胶水 ) o ( 10 ) my chair ? ”

Ⅳ . 阅读理解

In England nobody under the age of eighteen is permitted to drink in a bar .

Mr Pete liked going to the bar near his house . But he never took his son , Mike , because he was too young . One day when Mike had his eighteenth birthday , Mr Pete took him to the bar for the first time . They drank for about half an hour . And Mr Pete said to his son , “Now , Mike , I want to teach you something useful . You must always be careful not to drink too much . But how do you know that you have had enough ? Well , I will tell you . Do you see those two lights as the end of the bar ? When they become four , it means you have had too much , and you should go home . ”

“But , Dad , ”said Mike , “I can only see one light at the end of the bar , and do you think I am drinking too little ? ”

1 . ______ will be able to drink in the public places in England .

A . Nobody B . No children C . Only old people D . No young people

2 . Mr Pete told his son ______

A . that he was not old enough to drink too much

B . that nobody was allowed to drink too much

C . not too drink more than enough

D . that he should drink much if he wanted to go home

3 . The number of the lights at the end of the bar is ______ .

A . two B . four C . one D . sometimes two and sometimes four

4 . Mr Pete thought ______ .

A . he should not take his son to the bar B . he would no longer take his son to the bar

C . he hadn't drunk more than enough D . had drunk too much .

5 . This is ______ time for Mike to drink in a bar .

A . the first B . the second C . the third D . maybe the fifth

Ⅴ . 补全对话

A : Do you mind my ( 1 ) down here ?

B : Not ( 2 ) ( 3 ) . Do sit down , There's plenty of ( 4 ) .

A : Thank you . I guess you don't smoke , right ?

B : No .

A : May I open the window ?

B : Go ( 5 ) . The weather's great today , ( 6 ) it ?

A : Oh , yes . I hope the good weather will ( 7 ) .

B : You can never tell . It's so changeable ( 8 ) this time of year . Well , do you know when the train ( 9 ) New York arrives .

A : ( 10 ) , I don't know .

B : That's OK , I'll ask the front desk .

Ⅵ . 介词填空

1 . The boy helped the old lady ______ the street .

2 . Shut the door ______ you .

3 . Are you for it or ______ it .

4 . The car runs ______

5 . I met him yesterday , but I knew of him long ______ that .

6 . The temperature today is ______ freezing point .

7 . That will be bad ______ your health .

8 . Steel is made ______ iron .

9 . The house is ______ fire .

10 . The river flows ______ the town from west to east .

Ⅶ . 翻译句子

1 . 世界人口将到哪一年达到六十亿 ?

______ what year will the world's population ______ 6 billion ?

2 . 我们看见汽车一辆一辆地过去了，但没有一辆停下来。

We saw car ______ car go by but ______ stopped .

3 . 你练习得越多，你的英语就越好。

The ______ you practise , the better your English ______ be .

4 . 人口问题也许是当今世界最严重的问题。

The population ______ may be ______ greatest one of the world today .

5 . 我希望一切顺利。

I hope everything ______ ______ well .

答案：Ⅰ . A ) 1 . three thousand , three hundred and thirty - three 2 . forty - three thousand , two hundred and ten 3 . five hundred ( and ) one thousand , five hundred and twenty - two 4 . three hundred ( and ) thirty - three million , three hundred ( and ) thirty - three thousand , three hundred and thirty - three 5 . six billion , two hundred ( and ) thirty - two million , four hundred ( and ) fifty - six thousand , one hundred and one B ) 1 . done 2 . countries 3 . producing 4 . playing 5 . to wash 6 . have lived 7 . swims 8 . greatest 9 . beginning 10 . more Ⅱ . 1 . D 2 . A 3 . D 4 . C 5 . D 6 . C 7 . D 8 . C 9 . B 10 . B 11 . B 12 . C 13 . C 14 . D 15 . D 16 . D 17 . C 18 . B 19 . C 20 . B 21 . C 22 . A 23 . A 24 . D 25 . C 26 . C 27 . B 28 . B 29 . A 30 . D 31 . C 32 . B 33 . D 34 . B 35 . D Ⅲ . 1 . B 2 . C 3 . C 4 . C 5 . A Ⅳ . 1 . B 2 . C 3 . C 4 . C 5 . A Ⅴ . 1 . sitting 2 . at 3 . all 4 . room 5 . ahead 6 . isn't 7 . stay 8 . at 9 . from 10 . Sorry Ⅵ . 1 . across 2 . after 3 . against 4 . at 5 . before 6 . below 7 . for 8 . from 9 . on 10 . through Ⅶ . 1 . By , reach 2 . after , none 3 . more , will 4 . problem , the 5 . goes , on

篇7：初三英语第五单元

科目 英语

年级 初三

文件 middle3 unit5.doc

标题 The accident

章节 第五单元

关键词

内容

教学目标

1. 词汇

A. 单词

四会: lose (lost), past, corner, or, travel, lie (lay), library,

medicine, hurry

三会: accident, motor, motorbike, suddenly, land, gate keeper,

crowd, while

B. 词组/句型

wash clothes make a dress

ride a motorbike write a letter

… , if you can have a little accident

see sb do sth walk past

give sth back to sb ride along the road

play with sb worry about

a traffic accident leave school

shout to sb be badly hurt

stop the traffic carry sb/sth to …

It's really nice of you.

crowd round …

in the school library

as quickly as one could, …

the school office

hurry off to do sth

try to do sth

hurry over It's nothing.

move away

tell sb about sth

a medicine box

hurry yp

take sb/sth to…

get help from …

call to do sth

2.日常用语

* I forgot the time.

* You'd better go to bed earlier tonight, if you can.

* What happened?

* How kind!

* It's really nice of you.

* It's nothing.

* You'll be OK.

* As quickly as she could, Miss Zhao got a medicine box.

* Please hurry up.

3. 语法: 过去进行时态（二）

Statement forms陈述句形式

I/He/She/It was (not) travelling too fast.

We/You/They were (not) travelling too fast.

Question forms疑问句形式

Was I/he/she/it travelling too fast?

Were you/we/they travelling too fast?

教学重点与难点：

1.the Blacks布莱克一家

在人的姓前面用定冠词the，后面加s，指该人的全家或其夫妇两人，代表的是复数概念，作主语时，其谓语应用复数形式。

When I got there, the Turners were having dinner.

当我到那儿的时候，特纳一家正在吃晚饭。

The Smiths live upstairs.

史密斯一家住在楼上。

The Greens are all doctors.

格林一家都是医生。

2. … , if you can. 如果能够的话，…

You'd better go to bed earlier tonight, if you can.

如果可以的话，你今晚最好早点上床睡觉。

Do it by yourself, if you can.

如果可以的话，请亲自做这件事情。

3.have a (little) accident发生一点意外(事故)

I had a little accident last Sunday.

上周日，我发生了一点意外。

I had an accident on my way home.

在回家的路上，我发生了意外。

She died in a traffic accident.

她在一次交通事故中死去。

There was a car / a railroad / an airplane accident yesterday.

昨天发生了一起汽车/火车/飞机事故。

4. happen vi. (偶然地)发生

The accident happened at the corner.

这起事故是在那个角落里发生的。

How did it happen?

那是怎么发生的？

What happened next?

下面发生了什么事情？

5. see sb do sth

表示感觉的动词，如：see, watch, hear, feel等，其宾语后面的不定

式，一般不带to，作宾语补足语。

A woman saw it happen when she was walking past.

一位妇女走过的时候，她看见了（这件事的发生过程）

I saw him walk across the street.

我曾经看到他穿过大街。

I watched him go into the house and come out again a few minutes later.

我看到他走进了那所房子，并且在几分钟之后有出来了。

I often hear her sing this song.

我经常听到她唱这首歌。

I felt the earth move just now.

刚刚我感到大地动了一下。

具有使动意义的动词let和make后面的不定式也不带to.

After the boys moved away the bag, the girls let the traffic go again.

在男孩子们挪开那个袋子之后，女孩子们才让车辆通过。

The teacher made the boy stand at his desk the whole class.

老师让这个男孩子在他的桌子旁站了一节课。

6.give sth back to sb. 把…归还给某人

= give sb back sth

= return sth to sb (return sb sth)

She picked it up and gave it back to me.

她把它捡了起来，并把它还给了我。

Don't forget to give the money back to Jim.

= Don't forget to give Jim back the money.

别忘了把钱还给杰姆。

Please remember to return the bicycle to Li Lei.

= Please remember to return Li Lei the bicycle.

= Please remember to give Li Lei back the bicycle.

= Please remember to give the bicycle back to Li Lei.

请记着将自行车还给李雷。

7.lucky adj. 幸运的，好运的

I was lucky enough to get a job.

我很幸运能够得到一份工作。

8. worry about … 对…感到忧虑；为…担忧

worry about和be worried about两种表达法均正确。前者常用于语气较强的祈使句中，后者一般用于陈述句中，有时两者也有混用的情况。

Don't worry about any new words.

不要为生词担忧。

Don't worry about my health. I can look after myself.

不要为我的健康担忧。我会照顾好自己的。

She is worried about her daughter's studies at school.

她为她女儿在学校的学习着急。

9. land vt. & vi. (飞机)降落，使降落；（人）上岸，使上岸

It landed in the middle of the road.

它落在了马路中间。

The plane landed an hour later.

飞机是在一个小时之后降落的。

The spaceship landed in the sea this morning.

太空船今天早上降落在海面上。

The pilot landed the plane safely in the heavy snow.

在大雪中，飞行员将飞机安全地降落了。

10. shout at/to sb. 对某人大声喊叫

Don't shout at me. I can hear you.

别向我大喊大叫的。我听得见你的话。

We shouted to her to be careful.

我们大声告诉她一定要当心。

11. or的用法

1)（用肯定句）或…, 还是…, 或是…

She or I have to bring it.

要么她要么我必须带上它。

Is it green or blue?

它是绿色的还是兰色的？

Which do you like better, apples or oranges?

苹果或是橘子你更喜欢哪个？

Are you going to leave or stay?

你打算离开还是留下来？

2)（用否定句）…和…都不

He doesn't smoke or drink.

他既不抽烟也不喝酒。

3)（用命令句之后）要不然，否则

Let's move that bag, or there may be an accident.

咱们挪开那个袋子，否则会发生事故的。

Get up or you'll be late for school.

快起床，否则你会迟到的。

Take this bus or (else) you won't get there in time.

坐这辆公共汽车，否则你是无法及时赶到那儿的。

12. move

1) vt. 搬动（某一物体）

Let's move the big stone away from the road.

咱们把那块大石头从马路上挪开吧。

You'd better move your chair to the door. It's cool there.

你最好把椅子挪到门口那儿去，那儿凉快。

2) vi. 搬家，移动

When are you going to move into your new house?

你打算什么时候搬入新房？

The Greens moved to Beijing last week.

格林一家在上周搬家到了北京。

He hurt his leg and couldn't move.

他伤到了腿，无法移动。

move away sth. 把…搬开

I'll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao.

我去和林涛一起把那袋米搬开。

Please move away the desk and the chair.

请把那个桌子和那把椅子搬开。

13. not … until … 直到…才…

这一结构中的not…until要结合起来理解，不要分开理解。

until可作介词，接表示时间的名词，也可作连词，接一个表示时间的状语从句。

Kate didn't go to bed until 10 o'clock.

凯特直到10点才上床睡觉。

Kate didn't go to bed until her mother came back.

凯特直到她妈妈回来才上床睡觉。

I didn't finish my homework until ten o'clock last night.

昨天晚上我直到10点才完成作业。

He won't get up until I call him.

直到我叫他，他才起床。

14. lie (lay, lying) vi. (人、动物)躺，卧

The man lay on the road.

这个男人躺在马路上。

The boy lay on the sofa.

这个男孩子躺在沙发上。

They lay on the grass.

他们躺在草地上。

lie on one's back/side/stomach仰卧，侧卧，俯卧

15. stop v. 停止（车、机器）

They go round the corner and stop the traffic.

他们走到拐弯处，阻止车辆继续前行。

I stopped the car.

我将汽车停了下来。

The policeman stopped the truck at the gate.

警察将卡车停在了大门口处。

16. It is nice of + n. (sb.) + to do (某人)真亲切做…

It is nice of you to ask me to your party tonight.

今晚你能邀请我参加你的晚会真是太好了。

17.crowd round团团围住…

Don't crowd round him.

别挤在他的周围。

The girls crowded around the film star.

女孩子们挤在这个电影明星周围。

The students crowded round the teacher to ask questions.

学生们围在老师的周围问问题。

18. as … as one can = as … as possible尽可能地

As quickly as she could (= As quickly as possible), Miss Zhao got a medicine box.

赵老师尽可能快地去拿了一个药箱。

The boy ran towards school as fast as he could (= as fast as possible).

这个男孩子尽可能快地向学校跑去。

You must be as careful as you could (= as careful as possible) when you cross the road.

当你过马路的时候，你一定要尽可能的小心。

19. hurry up vi. 赶快（不用于否定句，常用于命令句）

Hurry up, or you will be late.

快点，否则你要迟到的。

hurry off / away vi. & vt. 匆匆离去

Miss Zhao hurried off to look after the man.

赵老师匆匆赶去照看那个人。

20.With the medicine under her arm, Miss Zhao hurried off to look after the man.

with + 名词 + 介词短语：这一结构可用作状语，表示伴随状况。

The teacher came in with a book under his arm.

老师胳膊下夹着一本书进来了。

The poor woman walked through the street with a baby on her back.

这个可怜的妇女背上背着一个婴儿穿过了马路。

21. A gets help from B = B gives help to A

Jim gets help from Tom. = Tom gives help to Jim.

吉姆从汤姆那儿得到帮助。= 汤姆向吉姆提供帮助。

同步练习

I. 找出含有题前所给单词划线部分发音的词。

1. lose A. move B. drop C. both D. nose

2. while A. politely B. luckily C. police D. winner

3. crowd A. know B. enough C. sound D. draw

4. language A. past B. basketball C. village D. travel

5. passed A. crowded B. stopped C. traveled D. hurried

II. 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。

1. How many ______ are there in the city? (library)

2. What ______ the Smiths ______ (do) when you went there?

3. There was a book ______ on the desk. (lie)

4. The bell rang while we ______ (play) pingpong.

5. He was ______ to win the match. (luck)

6. While my parents ________ (watch) TV, I ________ (do) my homework.

7. He was _______ hurt in this accident. (bad)

8. The children were shouting loudly but the driver ______ (not hear) them.

9. ________ (work) hard at your lessons and ______ (not talk) in class.

10. What does that man do? He is a gate ______ (keep).

III. 按括号内的要求改变下列句子。

1. They were travelling too fast. (该成一般疑问句)

───────────────────

2. You'd better give him a ring at once. (改为否定句)

______________________________________

3. The twins went to bed after they finished their homework.

(用not … until改写句子)

______________________________________

4. The girls let the traffic go again at 12 o'clock. (用not…until改写句子)

______________________________________

5. Please crowd round the teacher.(改为否定句)

────────────────────

IV. 单项选择.

1. --- _____ Wei Fang learning Russian last night?

--- Yes.

A. Is B. Was C. Were D. Did

2. It's warmer today. You'd better ______ your thick sweater.

A. put on B. wear C. take off D. put in

3. Yesterday Tom climbed a tree and fell ________ .

A. away B. out C. from D. off

4. Be quick, ________ we'll be late for school.

A. and B. so C. when D. or

5. My uncle always sleeps ________ his eyes open.

A. and B. but C. when D. with

6. After I used his bike, I ________ .

A. gave him back to it B. gave him back it

C. gave it back him D. gave it back to him.

7. I heard them ________ about you yesterday.

A. to talk B. talked C. talk D. were talking

8. The Greens ________ at table when I went in.

A. sat B. was sitting C. were sitting D. is sitting

9. The boy was just looking out of the window ________ the teacher called him.

A. before B. until C. when D. and

10. When we do our homework, we must be ________ .

A. as carefully as we can B. as careful as we can

C. as we can as carefully D. as we can as careful

11. When she ________ , she dropped her pen.

A. pasted B. walked passed C. past D. walked past

12. We went to move the bag away and let the girls ________ help from the school.

A. to go and find B. go and to find

C. go and find D. went and found

13. Look, our books are on the floor. Please ________ .

A. pick it up B. pick up it C. pick them up D. pick up them

14. You can borrow this book, but please give it back to me as ________ as you can.

A. soon B. quick C. quicker D. quickest

15. I ________ breakfast at 7:30 this morning.

A. am having B. was having C. had D. were having

V. 阅读短文，并判断正误。

John lived with his mother in a rather big house, and when she died, the house became too big for him so he bought a smaller one in the next street. There was a very nice old clock in his first house, and when the man came to take his furniture (家具) to the new house, John thought, “I'm not going to let them carry my beautiful old clock in their truck. Maybe they'll break it, and then mending it will be very dear.”So he picked it up and began to carry it down the road under his arms.

It was heavy, so he stopped two or three times to have a rest.

Then suddenly a small boy came along the road. He stopped and looked at John for a few seconds (秒). Then he said to John,“You're a stupid (愚蠢) man, aren't you? Why don't you buy a watch like everybody else?”

( ) 1. John and his mother lived in a big house.

( ) 2. John bought a small house in the next street.

( ) 3. John had a beautiful new clock.

( ) 4. John and his friend carried the clock to his new house.

( ) 5. John was a stupid man.

VI. 完形填空。

Mrs Smith was looking out of her window, when ___1___ saw a truck and a big car ___2___ each other. She ran out to help. There ___3___ only one man in the truck and one woman in the car, and neither of them was hurt, but the car was damaged (损坏).

The lady ___4___ very white and her hands were shaking (发抖), ___5___ Mrs Smith invited her ___6___ her house and gave her some tea. She was a pleasant woman of about 50 years old. She drank the tea and soon looked ___7___. Then she said to Mrs Smith, “Have you ___8___ a telephone, please? I would like to ___9___ my husband. We have a kind of custom (习惯) --- whenever I have an accident with the ___10___ , I telephone him.

( )1. A. she B. he C. it D. I

( )2. A. blew B. beat C. met D. met

( )3. A. were B. was C. has been D. have been

( )4. A. seemed B. became C. looked D. was

( )5. A. and B. but C. as D. so

( )6. A. in B. into C. to D. at

( )7. A. more worse B. much worse C. more better D. much better

( )8. A. bought B. got C. kept D. made

( )9. A. phone B. help C. answer D. tell

( )10 A. bus B. taxi C. truck D. car

篇8：初三英语第十六单元

要点解析

1.be able to (do) 能（做），会（做）

be able to在JIII-37 已学过，它和can意思相近，但be able to 可有更多的时态形式，还可和情态词连用，也可用于不定式等短语中，例如：

1) Are you able to come tomorrow? (=Can you come tomorrow?)

你明天能来吗？

2)I'm afraid he won't be able to go to school today.

恐怕他今天不能去上学了。

3)I was able to catch what he said.

我听懂了他说的话。

4)We haven't been able to find her.

我们一直没能找到她。

5） You are better able to do it than I am．

你比我更有能力做此事。

6） He must be able to do it．

他一定能做这件事。

7） I would like very much to be able to read， but I'm too old to learn．

我非常想能看书，可是我年纪太大了学不了了。

2． be made of…用（某种原料）做的，用…制成

be made in…在（某地）制造

1）This knife is made of metal and wood．

这把刀子是用金属和木头做的。

2）This necklace is made of glass．

这个项链是用玻璃做的。

3）These flowers are made of paper．

这些花儿是用纸做的。

4） This watch is made in Switzerland．

这只表是瑞士制造的。

5） These bicycles are made in China．

这些自行车是中国制造的。

3． be used for…被用来（作某种用途）

介词for表示目的，后接名词、代词或动名词。例如：

1）The knife is used for cutting things．

刀子是用来切割东西的。

2） English is widely used for business．

英语被广泛用于商业。

3） The hall was used for our party．

礼堂被用来举办我们的晚会了。

4） Bamboo can be used for building．

竹子可以用于建筑。

be used as…被用作

介词as意为“作”、“当作”。as引出的短语在句中作补足语。例如：

1） English is used as the second language in that country．

在那个国家英语被用作第二语言。

2） The card is used as a bookmark．

这张卡片被用作书签。

3） He was used as a stepping stone．

他被人用作垫脚石了。

4）English is used as the first language by most people in the USA, Great Britain， Canada， Australia and New Zealand．

英语被美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰的大多数人用作第一语言。

be used by…被…所使用

介词by意为“被”、“由”，用来引出被动语态中动作的执行者。例如；

1） English is used by travellers and business people all over the world．

英语被全世界的旅行者及商人们使用。

2） French is used by some Canadians as their first language．

法语被一些加拿大人用作第一语言。

3） Bicycles are widely used by us．

自行车被我们广泛使用。

4． leave school离开学校，毕业

中等学校毕业常说 leave school或 finish school。

l）When did you leave school？

你什么时候毕业的？

2）He left school at the age of eighteen.

他18岁时毕了业。

3）Mary left school last year and is work in a shop.

玛丽去年毕业，现在在一家商店工作。

4）She has just left Lu Xun Middle School．

她刚刚从鲁迅中学毕业。

5．lock vt．锁，锁上

1）I closed and locked the door．

我把门关上并锁上。

2）He found that the door was locked．

他发现门是锁着的。

3）All the afternoon he worked with the door locked．

整个下午他都锁着门工作。

lock用作不及物动词（ Vi）时，说明或强调句中主语（事物）由于本身的原因而能否

“锁上”。例如：

1） This door won't lock．

这门锁不上。

2） The box locks easily．

这箱子挺容易锁的。

lock用作名词时，意为“锁”。例如：

1）The lock is broken．

这锁坏了。

2） You lock the door by turning the key in the lock．

把钥匙在锁里扭动门就锁上了。

6． make a telephone call（to sb）（给某人）打电话

1） I'd like to make a telephone call to Mr Brown.

我想给布朗先生打个电话。

2） Half the world's telephone calls are made in English．

世界上有一半的电话是用英语打的。

“打电话”还常用 call，ring，phone（＝telephone），give a call/ring等。例如：

1） I must go and telephone him．

我必须去给他打电话。

2） She phoned to say she couldn't come.

她打电话说来不了。

3） We telephoned him to ask if he could come to the party．

我们给他打电话问他是否能参加晚会。

4） I'll call yon later.

以后我给你打电话。

5） Shall I ring him up？

要我给他打个电话吗？

6） Give me a call tomorrow.

明天给我打个电话。

7） Ring me（up） at three.

3点钟给我打电话。

8） Why don't you give him a ring？

你干吗不给他打个电话？

7．produce vt．生产，制造

1） Australia produces wool and meat．

澳大利亚生产羊毛和肉。

2） This factory produces 1000 cars a week.

这个工厂每周生产1000辆汽车。

3） Much of the salt that we use is produced from the sea．

我们所用的盐有许多是产自海水。

4） A hen produces eggs， and a cow produces milk．

母鸡产蛋，奶牛产奶。

8． all over the world全世界

此外 all over意为“整个”、“遍及”。“遍布”。“在…各地（in every part of）。例如：

1） These modern cars are used all over the world．

这些现代化汽车全世界都在使用。

2）We have friends all over the world．

我们的朋友遍天下。

3）Soon the news is all over Britain.

很快这个消息就传遍了全英国。

4） The snow was all over the ground．

遍地都是雪。

5） I've looked all over the house．

我把整个房屋都看遍了。

6） I have travelled all over China many， many times in my life.

我一生中多次走遍全中国。

around the world 在世界范围内

此处介词 around意为”在…范围内“。例如：

1） He spent a week travelling around the country．

他用了一周的时间在这个国家里旅行。

2） Most business letters around the world are written in English．

世界上的大多数商业信件是用英语写的。

3） I travelled around the world for a few years．

我周游世界几年。

9． else adv．别的，其它的

1）else可用在由some－，any－，no－，every一与一body，－thing，－one构成的复合不定代词的后边，起定语作用。例如：

①Did you see anybody else（＝any other persons）？

你看见别的人了吗？

②Ask somebody else to help you.

请别人帮助你吧。

③Nothing else（＝Nothing more）， thank you.

没有别的事了，谢谢。

2）else还可用在副词somewhere， anywhere， nowhere的后边，起状语作用。例如：

①It's too noisy here． Let's go somewhere else．

这里太吵人了。我们去别的地方吧。

②You can't get it anywhere else．

这东西别的地方弄不到。

3）else可用在疑问代词 who， whose， what等后面（但不能用在 which后）；也可用在疑问副词 when， where， how， why等后面。例如：

①Who else wants a ticket for Sunday？

还有谁想要星期天的票？

＠What else do you want？

你还想要什么？

③Where else did you go？

你还去哪里了？

④I can't come on Tuesday．When else can we meet？

我星期二来不了。我们还能什么时候见面？

10．glass n．玻璃杯；玻璃

英语中有些名词既可用作可数，又可用作不可数，但其意义不同，常常是用于可数时表

示个体的概念，用于不可数时表示物质或抽象的概念。

可数名词不可数名词

a glass（玻璃杯） glass（玻璃）

a paper（报纸；试卷；论文） paper（纸）

a chicken（小鸡） chicken（鸡肉）

a life（生命） life（生活）

1）I broke a glass this morning. Glass is made from sand.

今天早上我打碎了一个玻璃杯。 玻璃是由沙子制造的。

2)What do the papers say? Paper is made from wood.

报上说些什么？ 纸是由木材制成的。

3)He ate a whole chicken! Would you like some chicken?

他吃了整整一只鸡！ 你要吃点儿鸡肉吗？

11．none pron．没有任何人或东西，一个人也没有

none的意思是 no one； no person； not any。它既可用于可数名词（须是指两个以上的人或物），又可用于不可数名词。none在句中起名词作用。当none在匈中用作主语时，如果代替的是可数名词，则谓语用单数或复数；如果代替不可数名词，则谓语只能用单数。注意 none后可接of结构。例如：

1） None of them spoke English except Tom．

除了汤姆外，他们谁也不讲英语。

2） None of his friends has／have ever been to Paris.

他的朋友谁也没去过巴黎。

3） None of the money is his．

这钱没有一点儿是他的。

4）一How many fish did you catch？你捉了多少条鱼？

一None．一条也没有。

5） He understood none of the lecture．

这课他一点儿没听懂。

6） I like none of the music.

这音乐我一点儿都不喜欢。

7） English is the first language in none of these countries．

在这些国家里，英语都不是第一语言。

no one和nobody意思一样，均指人，表示两个以上的人里”没有…人“。它们只能用

于可数名词，在句中可作主语或宾语。注意它们后边不可以接of结构。

1） No one wished him a happy birthday．

没有人祝他生日快乐。

2） No one wants to make friends with him.

谁也不想和他交朋友。

3） There was nobody to look after the child.

没人照料这个孩子。

试比较：

I've read no one of his books. (误）

I've read none of his books. (正）他的书我一本都没读过。

I haven't tead any of his books. (正）

12. the number of……的数（量）

表示某些人或物的具体数（量）。在句中作主语时，谓语要用单数。

l）The number of students in our class is 45．

我们班的学生人数是45位。

2）The number of cars we need is 20．

我们需要的汽车数是20辆。

3） Do you know the number of girls coming to the party？

你知道要出席晚会的女孩子人数吗？

4） Which language is spoken by the largest number of people in the world？

世界上哪种语言说的人数最多？

比较：a number of一些，若干（some；several）

后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语要用复数。例如：

A number of students have been there．

有些学生去过那里。

13．That is why we are learning English in China.

那就是我们在中国学习英语的原因。

句中划线部分为表语从句，由连接副词 why引导。其它表语从句又如：

l） That is why he was late.

那就是他来晚的原因。

2） This is what I said to him.

这就是我对他说的话。

3） That is how we helped her to find her son.

我们就是这样帮助她找到她的儿子的。

4) That is where Lu Xun once lived.

那就是鲁迅经住过的地方。

5) The fact is (that) I have never been there.

事实是我从来没去过那里。第十六课

要点解析

1.be able to (do) 能（做），会（做）

be able to在JIII-37 已学过，它和can意思相近，但be able to 可有更多的时态形式，还可和情态词连用，也可用于不定式等短语中，例如：

1) Are you able to come tomorrow? (=Can you come tomorrow?)

你明天能来吗？

2)I'm afraid he won't be able to go to school today.

恐怕他今天不能去上学了。

3)I was able to catch what he said.

我听懂了他说的话。

4)We haven't been able to find her.

我们一直没能找到她。

5） You are better able to do it than I am．

你比我更有能力做此事。

6） He must be able to do it．

他一定能做这件事。

7） I would like very much to be able to read， but I'm too old to learn．

我非常想能看书，可是我年纪太大了学不了了。

2． be made of…用（某种原料）做的，用…制成

be made in…在（某地）制造

1）This knife is made of metal and wood．

这把刀子是用金属和木头做的。

2）This necklace is made of glass．

这个项链是用玻璃做的。

3）These flowers are made of paper．

这些花儿是用纸做的。

4） This watch is made in Switzerland．

这只表是瑞士制造的。

5） These bicycles are made in China．

这些自行车是中国制造的。

3． be used for…被用来（作某种用途）

介词for表示目的，后接名词、代词或动名词。例如：

1）The knife is used for cutting things．

刀子是用来切割东西的。

2） English is widely used for business．

英语被广泛用于商业。

3） The hall was used for our party．

礼堂被用来举办我们的晚会了。

4） Bamboo can be used for building．

竹子可以用于建筑。

be used as…被用作

介词as意为”作“、”当作“。as引出的短语在句中作补足语。例如：

1） English is used as the second language in that country．

在那个国家英语被用作第二语言。

2） The card is used as a bookmark．

这张卡片被用作书签。

3） He was used as a stepping stone．

他被人用作垫脚石了。

4）English is used as the first language by most people in the USA, Great Britain， Canada， Australia and New Zealand．

英语被美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰的大多数人用作第一语言。

be used by…被…所使用

介词by意为”被“、”由“，用来引出被动语态中动作的执行者。例如；

1） English is used by travellers and business people all over the world．

英语被全世界的旅行者及商人们使用。

2） French is used by some Canadians as their first language．

法语被一些加拿大人用作第一语言。

3） Bicycles are widely used by us．

自行车被我们广泛使用。

4． leave school离开学校，毕业

中等学校毕业常说 leave school或 finish school。

l）When did you leave school？

你什么时候毕业的？

2）He left school at the age of eighteen.

他18岁时毕了业。

3）Mary left school last year and is work in a shop.

玛丽去年毕业，现在在一家商店工作。

4）She has just left Lu Xun Middle School．

她刚刚从鲁迅中学毕业。

5．lock vt．锁，锁上

1）I closed and locked the door．

我把门关上并锁上。

2）He found that the door was locked．

他发现门是锁着的。

3）All the afternoon he worked with the door locked．

整个下午他都锁着门工作。

lock用作不及物动词（ Vi）时，说明或强调句中主语（事物）由于本身的原因而能否

”锁上“。例如：

1） This door won't lock．

这门锁不上。

2） The box locks easily．

这箱子挺容易锁的。

lock用作名词时，意为”锁“。例如：

1）The lock is broken．

这锁坏了。

2） You lock the door by turning the key in the lock．

把钥匙在锁里扭动门就锁上了。

6． make a telephone call（to sb）（给某人）打电话

1） I'd like to make a telephone call to Mr Brown.

我想给布朗先生打个电话。

2） Half the world's telephone calls are made in English．

世界上有一半的电话是用英语打的。

”打电话“还常用 call，ring，phone（＝telephone），give a call/ring等。例如：

1） I must go and telephone him．

我必须去给他打电话。

2） She phoned to say she couldn't come.

她打电话说来不了。

3） We telephoned him to ask if he could come to the party．

我们给他打电话问他是否能参加晚会。

4） I'll call yon later.

以后我给你打电话。

5） Shall I ring him up？

要我给他打个电话吗？

6） Give me a call tomorrow.

明天给我打个电话。

7） Ring me（up） at three.

3点钟给我打电话。

8） Why don't you give him a ring？

你干吗不给他打个电话？

7．produce vt．生产，制造

1） Australia produces wool and meat．

澳大利亚生产羊毛和肉。

2） This factory produces 1000 cars a week.

这个工厂每周生产1000辆汽车。

3） Much of the salt that we use is produced from the sea．

我们所用的盐有许多是产自海水。

4） A hen produces eggs， and a cow produces milk．

母鸡产蛋，奶牛产奶。

8． all over the world全世界

此外 all over意为”整个“、”遍及“。”遍布“。”在…各地（in every part of）。例如：

1） These modern cars are used all over the world．

这些现代化汽车全世界都在使用。

2）We have friends all over the world．

我们的朋友遍天下。

3）Soon the news is all over Britain.

很快这个消息就传遍了全英国。

4） The snow was all over the ground．

遍地都是雪。

5） I've looked all over the house．

我把整个房屋都看遍了。

6） I have travelled all over China many， many times in my life.

我一生中多次走遍全中国。

around the world 在世界范围内

此处介词 around意为“在…范围内”。例如：

1） He spent a week travelling around the country．

他用了一周的时间在这个国家里旅行。

2） Most business letters around the world are written in English．

世界上的大多数商业信件是用英语写的。

3） I travelled around the world for a few years．

我周游世界几年。

9． else adv．别的，其它的

1）else可用在由some－，any－，no－，every一与一body，－thing，－one构成的复合不定代词的后边，起定语作用。例如：

①Did you see anybody else（＝any other persons）？

你看见别的人了吗？

②Ask somebody else to help you.

请别人帮助你吧。

③Nothing else（＝Nothing more）， thank you.

没有别的事了，谢谢。

2）else还可用在副词somewhere， anywhere， nowhere的后边，起状语作用。例如：

①It's too noisy here． Let's go somewhere else．

这里太吵人了。我们去别的地方吧。

②You can't get it anywhere else．

这东西别的地方弄不到。

3）else可用在疑问代词 who， whose， what等后面（但不能用在 which后）；也可用在疑问副词 when， where， how， why等后面。例如：

①Who else wants a ticket for Sunday？

还有谁想要星期天的票？

＠What else do you want？

你还想要什么？

③Where else did you go？

你还去哪里了？

④I can't come on Tuesday．When else can we meet？

我星期二来不了。我们还能什么时候见面？

10．glass n．玻璃杯；玻璃

英语中有些名词既可用作可数，又可用作不可数，但其意义不同，常常是用于可数时表

示个体的概念，用于不可数时表示物质或抽象的概念。

可数名词不可数名词

a glass（玻璃杯） glass（玻璃）

a paper（报纸；试卷；论文） paper（纸）

a chicken（小鸡） chicken（鸡肉）

a life（生命） life（生活）

1）I broke a glass this morning. Glass is made from sand.

今天早上我打碎了一个玻璃杯。 玻璃是由沙子制造的。

2)What do the papers say? Paper is made from wood.

报上说些什么？ 纸是由木材制成的。

3)He ate a whole chicken! Would you like some chicken?

他吃了整整一只鸡！ 你要吃点儿鸡肉吗？

11．none pron．没有任何人或东西，一个人也没有

none的意思是 no one； no person； not any。它既可用于可数名词（须是指两个以上的人或物），又可用于不可数名词。none在句中起名词作用。当none在匈中用作主语时，如果代替的是可数名词，则谓语用单数或复数；如果代替不可数名词，则谓语只能用单数。注意 none后可接of结构。例如：

1） None of them spoke English except Tom．

除了汤姆外，他们谁也不讲英语。

2） None of his friends has／have ever been to Paris.

他的朋友谁也没去过巴黎。

3） None of the money is his．

这钱没有一点儿是他的。

4）一How many fish did you catch？你捉了多少条鱼？

一None．一条也没有。

5） He understood none of the lecture．

这课他一点儿没听懂。

6） I like none of the music.

这音乐我一点儿都不喜欢。

7） English is the first language in none of these countries．

在这些国家里，英语都不是第一语言。

no one和nobody意思一样，均指人，表示两个以上的人里“没有…人”。它们只能用

于可数名词，在句中可作主语或宾语。注意它们后边不可以接of结构。

1） No one wished him a happy birthday．

没有人祝他生日快乐。

2） No one wants to make friends with him.

谁也不想和他交朋友。

3） There was nobody to look after the child.

没人照料这个孩子。

试比较：

I've read no one of his books. (误）

I've read none of his books. (正）他的书我一本都没读过。

I haven't tead any of his books. (正）

12. the number of……的数（量）

表示某些人或物的具体数（量）。在句中作主语时，谓语要用单数。

l）The number of students in our class is 45．

我们班的学生人数是45位。

2）The number of cars we need is 20．

我们需要的汽车数是20辆。

3） Do you know the number of girls coming to the party？

你知道要出席晚会的女孩子人数吗？

4） Which language is spoken by the largest number of people in the world？

世界上哪种语言说的人数最多？

比较：a number of一些，若干（some；several）

后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语要用复数。例如：

A number of students have been there．

有些学生去过那里。

13．That is why we are learning English in China.

那就是我们在中国学习英语的原因。

句中划线部分为表语从句，由连接副词 why引导。其它表语从句又如：

l） That is why he was late.

那就是他来晚的原因。

2） This is what I said to him.

这就是我对他说的话。

3） That is how we helped her to find her son.

我们就是这样帮助她找到她的儿子的。

4) That is where Lu Xun once lived.

那就是鲁迅经住过的地方。

5) The fact is (that) I have never been there.

事实是我从来没去过那里。

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

篇9：初三英语第十四单元

Mainly Revision

章节 第十四单元

关键词 初三英语第十四单元

内容

教学目标:

1．词汇:

A．单词

四会: right away, whether, for long, make friends, get on…with…, mistake, make a mistake, dance,

either, light, dark,take one’s time, cost, try … on

三会: lonely, fight, decide, wool(l)en, hang, cotton, expensive, soft

B．词组/句型

many other parts of the world

Father Christmas

On Christmas Eve

go to sleep

during/in the night

on top of

climb down

each of …

be asleep

dress up

no longer

each other

can’t wait to do

2．日常交际用语

It is better to give than to receive.

Best wishes for Christmas and the New Year!

3．语法

复习8-13单元的内容

教学重点与难点

1．Father Christmas (GB) = Santa Claus (US) 圣诞老人

2．all over… “在…各部分”; “遍及…的各部分”

People all over the world / country like to come to Beijing for a visit.

全世界(全国)的人喜欢来北京看看.

The news got round all over the city.

消息传遍了全市.

The dog went in the water and now it’s wet all over.

狗刚才跳到水里, 所以现在浑身是水.

3．on top of … 在…之上

Put the red book on top of the others.

把红皮书放在其他书的上面.

People usually put a star on top of Christmas tree.

人们通常在圣诞树的顶端摆放一颗星星.

4．real --- 强调人或事物 “真实的” 存在, 而不是想象的或虚构的

true --- 强调符合事实, 是 “真的”, 而不是假的, 是 “相符的”, 而不是编造的.

Father Christmas isn’t real.

圣诞老人不是真有其人.

I’m learning to skate on real ice.

我在真正的冰上学溜冰呢.

Read the passage first and then tell me which answer is true.

先通读一下这篇短文, 然后告诉我哪一个答案是正确的.

5．dress up : put on special clothes, as for a play, a fancy dress ball, etc.

(为演戏, 参加化装舞会等)着特殊服装

The children dressed (themselves) up as pirates.

孩子们打扮成海盗.

6．no longer = not … any longer在某一时刻以后, 不再

I can’t wait any longer.

我不能再等了.

He’s no longer living here.

他已不住在此处.

7．each other相互

We should help each other in our study.

在学习上我们应该相互帮助.

They couldn’t understand each other because they spoke different language.

他们由于语言不通, 所以相互听不懂对方的话.

They are afraid of each other.

他们互相害怕.

They put small presents in each other’s stockings.

他们在对方的袜子里放进小礼物.

同步练习

Ⅰ．找出划线部分发音不同的单词.

1. A. same

B. catch

C. plane

D. cake

2. A. spend

B. left

C. bed

D. metre

3. A. bike

B. side

C. fish

D. drive

4. A. my

B. why

C. cry

D. young

5. A. put

B. such

C. cup

D. number

6. A. team

B. break

C. meal

D. cheap

7. A. hand

B. wind

C. drink

D. stand

8. A. turn

B. hurt

C. nurse

D. surprise

9. A. machine

B. teach

C. catch

D. chair

10. A. know

B. yellow

C. snow

D. brown

Ⅱ．用所给动词的适当形式填空.

1．It’s third time I ______ (see) him this month.

2．I don’t know if it ______ (snow) or not tomorrow.

3．While my mother ______ (do) the cooking, my father helped her with it.

4．Where ______ you ______ (get) the dictionary?

5．I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I ______ (finish) it.

6．Don’t go and trouble him. He ______ (read) in his room.

7．It’s three years since he ______ (leave) for America.

8．I ______ (walk) along the street when I heard someone call me from behind.

9．Tom said he ______ (go) home the next day.

10．Mrs Smith ______ (be) in the city ever since Mr Smith came two years ago.

Ⅲ．选择填空.

1．Is Russian as ________ as Japanese?

A．popular B. more popular C. the most popular

2．Miss Zhao teaches us very ________ . She is a ________ teacher.

A．good … good B. good … well C. well … good

3．TV is short ________ television.

A．to B. for C. of

4．He ________ America with his family. He won’t be back until next week.

A．went to B. goes to C. has gone to

5．I ________ Guangzhou only once.

A．have gone to B. have been to C. went to

6．The teacher asked Lucy ________ quickly.

A．come B. comes C. to come

7．Christmas is an important festival in Britain and ________ parts of the

world.

A．many other B. many others C. others

8．________ Christmas Eve children all over Britain put stockings at the end of their beds before they go to sleep.

A．In B. On C. At

9．Their parents tell them that Father Christmas will come ________ .

A．at the night B. in night C. during the night

10．Father Christmas is very ________ .

A．kind-heart B. kind-hearted C. kind hearted

11．He ________ each of the stockings ________ Christmas presents.

A．puts … with B. fulls … with C. fills … with

12．Of course, Father Christmas isn’t ________ .

A．real B. realy C. really

13．The children are no longer young, and they know ________ .

A．who is he B. who he is C. that who he is

14．They put small presents in ________ stockings.

A．each other B. each other’s C. each others’

15．What makes you ________ I’m a doctor?

A．to think B. think C. thinking

Ⅳ．阅读理解.

Every year just after Christmas the January Sales (销售)start. All the shops reduce (降低) their prices (价格) and for two weeks, they are full of people looking for bargains. My husband and I do not normally go to the sales as we don’t like crowds and in any case are short of money as we have to buy lots of Christmas presents.

Last year, however, I took my husband with me to the sales at the large shop in the centre of London. We both needed some new clothes and were hoping to find a television set. When we arrived in Oxford Street, it was so crowded that we decided to split up and meet again at the underground (地铁) station. So I left my husband and started looking around the shops. Unfortunately (不幸) all the clothes were in very large sizes and so were not suitable for me. But I did buy a television at a very cheap price so I felt quite pleased with myself.

When I arrived at the station my husband was not there so I sat down in a nearby café to have a cup of tea. I quickly finished my tea when I saw him and went out to meet him. He looked very happy. Then I saw he was carrying a large and heavy cardboard box. “Oh, dear!” I thought. Yes, we had no new clothes buy we did have two televisions. We shall not be going to the sales again.

1．In January ________ .

A．people have a lot of money to spend after Christmas.

B．all the shops close for a two-week Christmas holiday.

C．lots of people go shopping for discounts (折扣)

D．people don’t have enough money to go looking for bargains.

2．In this passage the word “bargain” could best be replaced (代替) by something ________ .

A．offered (提供), sold or bought which is expensive

B．sold for the purpose (目的) of reaching and agreement

C．offered at a reduced price

D．given to people

3．The husband and wife in the story ________ .

A．often went to the sales to buy clothes.

B．wish to buy a TV.

C．were usually not short of money after Christamas.

D．went to the sales the year before.

4．The phrase “split up” means ________ .

A．become pieces

B．go in different directions (方向) from each other.

C．break apart

D．cause (引起) to break

5．After their day’s shopping, they ________ .

A．were happy with their bargain

B．had got everything they wanted

C．had to go back to the sales the next day.

D．got more than they had hoped for

Ⅴ．完形填空

Mark Twain’s Absent-mindedness

The famous American writer Mark Twain (马克.吐温) was well-known ___1___ his absent-mindedness (心不在焉). One day, ___2___ he was riding in a train, the conductor ___3___ him for his ticket. Mark Twain looked ___4___ the ticket in all his pockets, but without success (成功). At last, ___5___, who knew the writer by sight (眼力), said, “___6___ doesn’t really matter. ___7___ me your ticket on your way ___8___. And if you don’t ___9___ it, there’s no harm (害处) done.”

“Oh, but there ___10___ . I must find the ___11___, otherwise (否则) ___12___ will I know where I’m going?”

1. A. as

B. to

C. with

D. for

2. A. where

B. who

C. when

D. since

3. A. wanted

B. asked

C. begged

D. promised

4. A. after

B. at

C. like

D. for

5. A. the conductor

B. the driver

C. other people

D. the writer

6. A. That

B. It

C. What

D. This

7. A. Showing

B. Showed

C. Shown

D. Show

8. A. up

B. on

C. back

D. down

9. A. find

B. put

C. take

D. carry

10. A. are

B. is

C. were

D. was

11. A. pocket

B. train

C. ticket

D. conductor

12. A. how

B. what

C. when

D. why

篇10：初三英语第十单元

教学目标

1.词汇

A.单词

四会: true, during, mind (v.), call (n.)

三会: headmaster, possible, able, lazy, exam (examination), weak,

capital, miss, even, fail

B.词组/句型

hold on

right now

speak to sb.

leave a message

in trouble

do well in

do one’s best

be weak in…

travel back to …

miss a lot of lessons

most of …

be worried about

as soon as possible

so many

fail an exam

learn by oneself

give sb a call

go back to…

two-month holiday

be able to…

2.日常交际用语

* Hold on for a moment, please.

* I’m sorry he isn’t here right now.

* May I help you?

* That’s very kind of you.

* That’s why I’ve come to see you.

* It’s true that …

* I’m sure that he won’t mind.

3.语法

由连词that引导的宾语从句 (that在口语中常被省略)

教学重点与难点

1.宾语从句

1）宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语. 整句的结构是以主句,

有主语和谓语动词, 动词是及物动词, 需要宾语来完成句子的意思, 而宾语是一个从句. 从句本身有主语、谓语动词及其他成分.

We know (that) Mr Green teaches English.

我们知道格林先生是教英语的.

2）在以that引导的宾语从句中，从属连词that只起引导作用,

在从句中不作任何成分, 也没有意思, 因此在口语或非正式文体常被省略.

3）主句的动词如是现在时态, 宾语从句中动词可以根据实际的情况用不同的时态, 如一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、一般将来时.

He says the Chinese people are very friendly.

I hope she didn’t hurt herself.

I think I’ve lost it.

We hope you’ll have a very happy year in our class.

4）在主句为动词be + adj. (sorry / sure / afraid / glad)作表语时, 后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句.

I’m sorry I don’t know.

抱歉我不知道.

I’m sure she’ll like it.

我相信她会喜欢的.

I’m afraid I may be a little late.

恐怕我可能会晚来一会儿.

I’m glad he’s passed the exam.

很高兴他通过了这次考试.

2.打电话用语

1）Could I speak to the headmaster, please?

我能和校长讲话吗?

2）Hold on for a moment, please. = One moment, please.

请稍等.

3）This is Mary (speaking / here).

我是Mary.

4）Is that Mary (speaking) ?

是Mary吗?

Yes, it is. / No, this is …

是的, 我是. / 不, 我是… .

5）Who’s that (speaking)?

请问你是谁?

6）I’m sorry he’s / she’s out at the moment.

= He / She isn’t here right now / at the moment.

抱歉他/她现在不在.

7）Can I take a message (for you)?

我能(为你)捎个口信吗?

8）I’ll leave a message (on her / his desk)

我会将口信留在他/她的桌子上的.

9）I’ll give her/him the message.

我会把口信捎给她/他的.

3.hold on坚持下去; 别挂(电话)

Hold on, everything will be all right.

坚持下去, 一切都会好的.

I made my choice and I will hold on to the end.

我做出了选择, 我将坚持到底.

Hold on, please. = Hold the line, please.

(电话)请别挂.

4.as soon as 一…就…

I will tell him as soon as he comes.

他一到我就告诉他.

as soon as possible = as soon as one can 尽快

Do it as soon as possible / you can.

要尽快做.

as … as possible = as … as one can 尽可能…

Come as early as possible, please.

请尽早来.

Can you say it as loudly as possible?

你能尽可能说得声音大一些吗?

He tried to write as carefully as possible.

他试着尽可能仔细地写.

5.be able to和can

1）表示 “能力”这一意义时, can和be able to基本相同, 只是be

able to的语气要强一些.

No one can do it. = No one is able to do it.

没有人能做这件事.

2）can只有现在时和过去时两种形式, can有时也能指将来.

be able to能有多种时态形式.

No one was able to ( = No one could )answer the question.

没有人能回答这个问题.

Will you be able to ( = Can you) come this evening?

你今晚能来吗?

I haven’t been able to find the air ticket.

我没能找到那张飞机票.

6.between和among

1）between常用来表示 “两者之间”

What were you doing between eight and nine?

八点至九点之间你在干什么?

What’s the difference between the two words?

这两个词之间有什么区别?

[注] between是介词, 我们应说between you and me, 而不说

between you and I.

2）among常用来表示在三个或三个以上的人或事物, 或笼统的

一群人或事物之中, 表示 “在……中间”

We found a little house among the trees.

我们在树林中发现一座小房子.

The students lived and worked among the workers.

学生们生活、劳动在工人之中.

7.leave的用法

1）vi. 离去, 出发

It’s time for us to leave.

我们该走了.

We’ll leave for Beijing tomorrow.

我们明天将动身去北京.

2）vt. 留下, 丢下, 遗忘

Did she leave any message for me?

她有话留给我吗?

I left my pen in the reading room.

我把钢笔掉在阅览室里了.

He left his bag on the bus.

他把包忘在车上了.

3）vt. 使…(处于某种状态之中)

leave + n. + adj.

Leave the door open when you go out.

你出去时不要关门. (即让门开着)

Don’t leave your sick mother alone at home.

不要把你生病的母亲一人留在家里.

8.trouble的用法

1）v. 麻烦, 使烦恼

I’m sorry to trouble you.

对不起麻烦你了.

May I trouble you with a question?

麻烦你一个问题好吗?

May I trouble you to help me with my maths?

麻烦你帮我补习一下数学好吗?

His illness really troubles (=worries) me.

他的病情确使我感到不安.

2）n. 疾病; 困难; 麻烦; 烦恼

Mike’s trouble is very common.

迈克的病是很普遍的.

Her life is full of trouble.

她的生活充满了烦恼.

I’m sorry for the trouble I’m giving you.

实在抱歉给您添麻烦了.

3）be in trouble处于困境(苦恼中)

Don’t laugh at people in trouble.

不要嘲笑处于困境中的人.

I hope you aren’t in trouble.

我希望你没有闯祸.

9.do well / badly in … 可表示一种笼统情况, 也可指一次具体的活动.

be good / poor / weak in / at … 强调一种笼统情况

Mary does well in maths. = Mary is good at / in maths.

Mary数学学得很好.

Tom did well in that English test / sports meeting.

Tom在那次考试中考得很好/ 在那次运动会中表现出色.

(指具体一次, 不宜用be good at/in)

10.do one’s best = try one’s best尽力, 竭尽所能

I will do my best to do the job well.

我要尽力把这件工作做好.

I tried my best to find the answer quickly.

我尽力快些得出答案.

11.That’s why … (why引导的句子用作表语从句)

That’s why I’ve come to see you.

那就是我来见你的原因.

This is why I decided to go there by bus.

这就是我决定乘车去那儿的原因.

12.travel泛指旅行、游历, 尤指国外旅行, 但无路程的含义.

He came home after five years of foreign travel.

他在国外旅游了5年才回家.

tour通常指访问多处的观光旅行

A tour of China includes stops at Shanghai, Hangzhou, Xi’an and

Beijing.

到中国的观光包括游览上海、杭州、西安和北京.

trip是非正式用语, 通常可作journey或voyage的替换词

He went on a trip to the nearest seaside during his vacation.

假期中, 他到最近的海滨作了依次旅行.

voyage通常是指 “海上旅行”, 是比较正式的用语.

They made a voyage to Australia.

他们航行到澳大利亚.

journey通常指 “在陆地上由某一地点到另一地点的旅行”, 也指

“旅行的路程”, 是个比较正式的用语.

It’s a 300-mile journey.

这次旅程为300英里.

13.for的用法

1）为 (用来表示一种目的, 后接名词; 在作用上相当于一个表示目的的动词不定式)

We are travelling back to England soon for ( = to have ) a holiday.

我们不久要回英国度假了.

I’ll go back to my room for ( = to get) my pen.

我要回宿舍去拿钢笔.

Shall we go for (= and take) a walk?

我们出去散散步好吗?

2）(用途) 给…; 适于…

Here’s a seat for you, granny.

这是给您的座位, 老奶奶.

This is a book for children.

这是适于儿童看的书.

3）(时间, 距离) 长达

He has lived here for ten years.

他在这儿住了.

14.family / class / school / team的两种概念及其主谓一致情况被理解为一个整体时, 谓语用单数; 如强调各个成员时, 谓语用复数.

The whole family has moved to the south.

全家都搬到南方去了.

The family have different ideas about this.

对于这一点全家意见不一致.

Class Three has won the game.

三班赢得了比赛的胜利.

Class Three are not all League members.

三班并不都是团员.

All the school are talking about it.

全校都在谈论这个问题.

Our team has lost the game.

我们队输了.

15.miss的用法

1）思念; 想念

I often miss my parents.

我经常想念我的父母.

She said she missed us very much.

她说她非常想念我们.

2）错过; 没有赶上

He missed the 6:30 train.

他没赶上六点半的火车.

She was ill for a long time last term and missed a lot of lessons.

她上学期病了很长时间, 因此缺了许多课.

16.so的用法

1）conj. 因此

It’s late, so I must go home.

天晚了, 所以我得回家.

2）adv.

这么, 那么

The bag is so heavy that I can’t carry it.

这个袋子这么重, 我拿不动.

非常, 很

It’s so warm in Australia but so cold in Beijing in November.

在澳大利亚十一月天气非常热, 而在北京却非常冷.

这样, 那样, 也, 同样……

I don’t think so.

我不那样想.

Kate is very tall, so is her sister.

Kate很高, 她的妹妹也是.

17.fail的用法

1）fail + n. = fail to pass + n. = fail in + n. 不及格, 通不过

He may fail the Chinese exam.

中文考试他可能会不及格.

2）失败

We tried but failed.

我们努力过, 但没成功.

3）fail to do没有(能够)做…

She failed to pass the exam.

她没能通过考试.

I failed to find his house.

我没能找到他的家.

18.Two months is quite a long time.

两个月是相当长的时间.

表示时间、重量、长度、价值等名词, 尽管是复数形式, 如果作

整体看待, 动词都用单数形式

Eight minutes is enough.

八分钟就够了.

Twelve dollars is too dear.

十二美元太贵了.

19.It’s true that he may fall behind the other students.

1）It是形式主语, 真正的主语是整个that从句, true说的是that

从句的情况.

It’s possible that we will miss the film.

很可能我们看不到那部电影.

2）fall behind sb in sth. 在某方面落后于某人

She didn’t fall behind the others in the study of English.

在英语学习上, 她没有落后于别人.

同步练习

Ⅰ.找出与其它三个单词发音不同的选项

1. A. full

B. must

C. hundred

D. lunch

2. A. second

B. exercise

C. present

D. remember

3. A. then

B. there

C. think

D. they

4. A. ride

B. police

C. rice

D. behind

5. A. write

B. worry

C. work

D. with

6. A. snow

B. yellow

C. know

D. now

7. A. ninth

B. live

C. kind

D. fine

8. A. head

B. heavy

C. clean

D. ready

9. A. brother

B. come

C. colour

D. clock

10. A. car

B. excuse

C. exercise

D. cat

Ⅱ.选择填空

1.Would you like ________ sweets?

A.a B. some C. any D. your

2.Please ask him which story ________ best.

A.does he likeB. he does likeC. likes heD. he likes

3.Of the three girls, one is from America, ________ two are from China.

A.the othersB. otherC. the otherD. another

4.It’s very kind ________ you to give us so much help.

A.by B. ofC. fromD. about

5.They will finish the job ________ hour.

A.after anB. in a C. in anD. with an

6.“ Hello, I want to have ________ words with you.”

A.a littleB. littleC. a fewD. few

7._______ his classmates, he does much better in English this year than he did last year.

A.With the help of

B. For the help of

C.Under the help of

D. From the help of

8.He’ll travel back ________ England ________a holiday.

A.to, forB. for, toC. in, toD. of, for

9.I hope he’s going to sit ________ these women.

A.between B. among C. on D. to

10.Will you stay _______ the capital ________ China?

A.in, toB. to, inC. in, ofD. to, of

Ⅲ.用适当的介词填空

1.--- Mum, don’t worry ________ Tom’s study. I can help him ________ most of his subjects.

--- But I’m still worried ________ his English. He may fall _______ the other students.

--- But he isn’t lazy and studies hard. He’ll do very well ______ his lessons.

2.--- What can I do ________ you?

--- That’s very kind ________ you. I want to speak ________ the headmaster.

3.Mr Brown has arrived ________ Beijing. He has been there _______ three hours.

4.Yesterday we went to the park but Han Meimei didn’t go ________ us.

She had to stay ________ home and looked ________ a baby.

5.Look! A young woman is looking ________ her cat everywhere. But she can’t find it. Her cat is very beautiful and looks ________ a tiger.

Ⅳ.阅读理解

Mr Smith moved to another town, and soon he needed a new doctor. He went to see one.

He sat down in the waiting-room and looked around. The doctor degree (学位证书) was on the wall. Suddenly Mr Smith remembered: there had been a classmate with the same name in his class at school, and he had become a doctor!

When he went in to see the doctor, he remembered a young, handsome (英俊的)student, and was sorry to see how old and heavy this man looked. He said to him, “ Good morning, Doctor. Did you go to King High School?”

“Yes, I did.”

“Were you there from 1942 to 1946?” Mr Smith asked.

“Yes, I was,” the doctor answered. “How did you know?”

Mr Smith laughed and said, “ You were in my class!”

“Oh!” the doctor said and looked at him carefully for a few seconds. “What were you teaching?”

1.Mr Smith ________ , so he needed a new doctor.

A.visited another town

B.went to live in another town

C.went away from a town

D.travelled to a town

2.When he found the doctor was old and heavy, he ________ .

A.felt happy

B.felt surprised

C.felt terrible

D.didn’t feel happy

3.“Who was in King High School from 1942 to 1946?” “________ .”

A.Only the doctor

B.Only Mr Smith

C.Both of them

D.Neither of them

4.The doctor thought Mr Smith was ________ in King High School.

A.his teacher

B.his classmate

C.his brother

D.his friend

5.The doctor thought Mr Smith was ________ .

A.as old as he

B.older than he

C.young

D.a little younger than he

篇11：初三英语第二十一单元

科目 英语

年级 初三

文件 middle3 unit21.doc

标题 初三第二十一单元

章节 第二十一单元

关键词 内容

一、教学目标

1.词汇

二、教学重点

1.词组: wear out, either … or…, so… that… , be busy doing sth, think about

2.语法: 过去完成时

三、教学难点

过去完成时

四、重点难点讲解

1.My shoes are worn out. 我的鞋穿破了。

be worn out “穿破了，穿旧了 ” 它是wear out 的被动形式，但是实际上不强调被动，而强掉状态或情况，因此worn out相当于一个形容词短语。如：

His clothes were worn out. 他的衣服穿破了。

He has worn out three pairs of shoes.他已经穿破了三双鞋了。

be worn out“筋疲力尽”，相当于be tires out.多指人的情况。如：

He came back from school and he was worn out. 放学回家他筋疲力尽了。

I was so worn out after that planting. 那次植树之后我筋疲力尽。

2．I’m looking for a pair of black shoes. 我在找一双黑颜色的鞋子。

a pair of shoes 一双鞋 a pair of gloves 一副手套

a pair of glasses 一副眼镜 a pair of trousers 一条裤子

a pair of stocking 一双长统袜

另a pair of 也可指夫妇，如：

They are a happy pair. 他们是幸福的一对。

in pairs “两个两个的” “两个之间”如：

Please check the answers in pairs. 请两个人之间核对一下答案。

3．What size do you want? 你穿多大号的鞋？

就衣服，鞋类的尺寸大小的提问常用what size 如：

What size shoes do you wear ? 你穿多大号的鞋？

What size is your bedroom? 你卧室的房间有多大？

4．a bit 和a little

二者在肯定句中修饰形容词或副词时可通用，表示“一点儿”， “有些”

It’s a bit/a little cold today. 今天有点儿冷。

I’m a little/a bit tired today. 我今天有点累。

但是not a bit “一点也不”；not a little“非常”相当于very 如：

I’m not a bit tired. 我一点也不疲倦。

I’m not a little tired. 我非常疲倦。

5．I don’t think I’ll take it. 我想我不会买。

think长与介词或副词连用， 如：

think about 考虑

think of 想到， 想

think out 想出

Please think about how to tell her the bad news. 请考虑一下如何把这不幸的消息告诉 他。

What do you think of the music? 你认为这段音乐怎么样？

5．I don’t think I’ll take it. 我想我不会买。

在英语里， 当think后面的宾语从句含有否定概念，通常形式上否定think，而实际意义上否定宾语从句。如：

I don’t think you’re right. 我认为你不对。

I don’t think she will come. 我认为她不会来。

6. That’s much too expensive! 这太贵了！

much在此起强调作用。

too, much too 和too much

too用在形容词或副此前，如：

He is too careless in doing anything. 他做任何事都太粗心。

The book is too difficult for students of Grade One. 这本书对于一年级学生太难。

much too 的中心词是too, much修饰too,用以加强语气，如：

You are much too kind to me. 你对我实在太好了。

The shirt is much too expensive. 这件衬衫实在太贵了。

too much的中心词是much, too修饰much,以加强语气。too much修饰不可数名词，意为 “more than enough”与too many相对，后者修饰可署名词。如：

I drank too much beer last night. 昨晚我啤酒喝的太多了。

There is too much smoke in the room. 房间里的烟太多。

7．next week 和the next week

next week与一般将来时连用；the next week(the following week)与一般过去是或一般过去将来时连用。如：

We’ are going to plant trees next week. 瞎周我们将要去种树。

They had a maths test the next week. 第二周，他们考了数学。

8．because,since, as 和for

because是从属连词，它引导的原因状语从句标志介的与哦明确的原因活力有，语气较强，如不说，则不为人们所知。它多用于主句之后。如：

She didn’t come to school yesterday because she had a high fever.

她昨天因发烧没来上学。

as和since也是从属连词， 表示已为们所知或显而易见的原因或理由。 as连句since连句多用于主句前。如：

As(Since) you are not feeling well, better stay home.

既然你不太舒服，还是留在家里吧。

Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.

既然大家都到了，我们就开会吧。

for是并列连词，引导一个并列句，语气最弱，表示一种补充说明，即使不说人们也能知道其原因。它引导的分句只能位于后面，不能位于句首。如：

I had to stop for a rest.,for I was too tired. 我只好停下来休息一下，因为我太累了。

9．either的用法

形容词或代词“二者之一，二者任一”

1)用作代词时，可单独使用，也可以和表示范围的of短语连用，of后的名词一般为附属，并且是特指。如：

Has either of your parents visited you? 你父亲或母亲来看过你吗？

2)用作形容词，修饰单数可数名词，“两个中任一”，其谓语应是单数形式。如；

Come on Tuesday or Wednesday, Either day is Ok.

星期二活性其三来吧，这两天哪一天都行。

Either way will do. 这两种方法哪一种都行。

3)用作副词时，“也（不）”用于否定句，与too相对，后者用于肯定句。如：

If you don’t go, I won’t ,either. 如果你不去，我也不去。

4)either…or…可表示两种可能，意为“不是……就是……”; “或者……,或者……”,连接两个并列成分或并列分句。如：

You may come either before class or after class. 你可以课前或课后来找我。

either…or…连接两个主语时，其谓语应与后面的主语在数上保持一致。neither…nor…,和 not only…but also…连接两个主语时也是这个情况。如：

Either you or I am to go. 不是你去，就是我去。

Neither you nor he is right. 你和他都错了。

Not only you but also your teacher was wrong. 不但你们，而且你们的老师也都错了。

10．They were so pleased to see each other that they forgot everything else.

他们相互见面时如此高兴以至于把别的事都忘了。

so是副词，在其后跟形容词或副词+that引出结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至……”如：

He spoke so fast that I could not understand him. 他说的这样快，我听不懂他的话。

如果so前面是系动词be, become, feel等，那么so后面一般跟形容词，如：

He became so angry that he couldn’t speak. 他气的话都说不出来了。

She was so happy that she danced. 他高兴的跳起舞来。

如果so的前面是实义动词，那么so后面跟副词。如：

He ran so quickly that he won the race. 他跑得非常快，以致于赢得这场比赛。

同步测试

一、用括号中所给动词的适当时态,语态或形式填空

1.I said that I ____(go) with you as soon as I ____(finish) my homework.

2.He tells me that he ____(give) a new house if more new houses_____(build) next year.

3.____you____(know) when he was going ____(see) the doctor?

4.When I ____(get) home yesterday,he____(be) busy ____(water) the flowers in the garden.

5.The man asked the worker if the train ____already ____(arrive).

6.She says that she ____(live) here for twenty years since she ____(move) here in 1979.

7.Today’s newspaper ____(say) that two thousand trees ____(plant) on the hill last year.

8.Next month a new machine ____(make) for ____(join) parts together.

9.He was surprised ____(find) that the door ____(can) be opened without a key.

10.You had better ____(not go ) out tomorrow. Because there ____(be) a heavy rain.

(1.would go, finished 2,will be given, are built 3.Did…know,to see 4. got, was, watering 5.had…arrived 6.has lived, moved 7. says, were planted 8. will be made, joining 9.to find, could 10.not go, will be)

二、选择填空

1.The shoes are a bit too large for me. Would you please show me ____?

A. small ones B. a smaller one C. a small pair D. a smaller pair

2.I don’t think this one good enough. Please show me ____.

A. the others B. other C. another D. others

3.She looked____ the mirror and found herself a little thinner.

A. into B. through C. to D. at

4.The house is ____small for a family of six.

A. so much B. very much C. too much D. much too

5.When I got there, the dictionary had been sold ____ .

A. to B. out C. off D. away

6.A young man ____David came into the shop.

A. named B. was named C. calling D. is called

7.The woman ______ the basket and left the shop.

A. picked up B. took up C. sent up D. got up

8.I really don’t know ____ next.

A. what to do it B. what shall I do C. which I would do D. what to do

9.He said that the new shop would open ______.

A. next week B. the week before C. the following week D.last week

10.The young man looked at the shop keeper_______.

A. with surprised B. to surprise C. in surprise D. in surprised

(DCADBAADCC)

三、完形填空

Miss Green was very fat. She weighed 100kg,and she__1__ heavier every month, __2__ she went to see the doctor.

The doctor said, “You__3__ to be on diet. Miss Green, I’ve got a good way here,” He gave her a small book and said,”__4__ it carefully and eat the things on Page 11 every day, Then come back and see me __5__ two weeks’ time.”

Miss Green came back again two weeks __6__, but she wasn’t thinner; she was even __7__. The doctor was surprised and said, “Are you eating the things on Page 11 of the small book?”

“Yes, doctor,” she answered.

The next day __8__ visited Miss Green in the afternoon, She was very __9__ to see him.

“Miss Green,” he said, “ Why are you eating potatoes and bread? You aren’t on diet.”

“But doctor,” Miss Green answered, “I will eat my diet __10__ lunch time. This is my tea.”

1. A. was getting B. is getting C. gets D. get

2. A. or B. because C. so D. but

3. A. have B. wish C. like D. want

4. A. Find B. Read C. Watch D. See

5. A. behind B. for C. at D. in

6. A. later B. late C. before D. ago

7. A. heaviest B. heavy C. fatter D. fat

8. A. her husband B. the doctor C. her friend D. her parents

9. A. afraid B. glad C. surprised D. happy

10.A.about B. on C. in A. at

(ACABDACBCD)

篇12：初三英语第二十一单元

科目 英语

年级 初三

文件 middle3 unit21.1.doc

标题 shopping

章节 第二十一单元

关键词

内容

一、教法建议

【 抛砖引玉 】

单元双基学习目标

Ⅰ. 词汇学习

bit , size , suit , dollar , perhaps , retell , dinner , pardon , brush , simple , finger , be worn out , dark blue suit , either… or light green dress , the following week , a bit , think about , sell out , never mind , so … that , be busy doing , on and on , just a moment , in surprise , fall over

Ⅱ. 句型学习

My shoes are worn out .

How much does it cost ?

They were either too big or too small .

The suit was so expensive that he could not buy it .

Ⅲ . 语法学习

1. 过去完成时

2. 由 so… that … 引导的表示结果的状语从句。

【 指点迷津 】

单元重点词汇点拨

1 . pair 一对；一双

I need a pair of shoes .

The children came in pairs .

〖 点拨 〗pair可作量词连接可数名词和不可数名词，如：a pair of glasses 一幅眼睛。two pairs of paper两张纸。 a pair of new shoes 一双新鞋。in pairs 成双，成对。

2 . size 尺寸；大小

What size shoes do you wear ?

This book ( house ) is the same size as that .

〖 点拨 〗medium - sized 中号 ( 型 ) 的，large - sized 大号 ( 型 ) 的。the same size as …同…一样大。

3 . bit 一点儿；小片

Have you a little bit of bread ?

〖 点拨 〗 a bit 用于形容词前，指“有点，相当”，a bit of 用于名词前，表示一点点

。not a bit 一点也不，而 not a little 相当于 very。

4 . suit 一套 ( 衣服 ) ；西服

Father bought him a suit of new clothes .

His new suit doesn't fit well .

〖 点拨 〗 suit 还可作动词用表示： ( 衣服、颜色等 ) 合身、适合，如：The new dress suits you very well .

5 . name 1 ) 命名；名叫；说出……名字

I know a girl named Joan .

Can you name all the flowers in the garden ?

2 ) 名字，姓名，名称

Her name is Mary .

〖 点拨 〗name sb . sth 给某人起名叫……。Someone named … 名叫……的一个人。

6 . for 因为 ( 连词 )

I asked her to stay to tea , for I had something to tell her .

We must start early for we have a long way to go .

〖 点拨 〗for 常引导补充说明的理由原因。不能回答 why 提出的问题。

7 . dollar 美元

Dollar is a unit of money used in the U . S . A , Canada , and some other countries .

〖 点拨 〗dollar 前有数词修饰时，dollar 须加 -s。

8 . perhaps 可能；也许

Perhaps he will be there , but perhaps he won't .

Perhaps she wasn't angry with you .

〖 点拨 〗perhaps 也许，是“也许如此，也许不如此”的意思。语气很委婉、相当于 maybe。

9 . retell 重述；重讲

The children are asked to retell the story .

〖 点拨 〗retell 是由动词 tell 加前缀 re - 构成，前缀 re - 表示“又、再、重”。如：rewrite 重写。

10 . dinner 正餐；宴会

It's time for dinner .

I'm busy cooking dinner .

Shall we give a dinner for her birthday ?

〖 点拨 〗表示“吃饭”的动词，英国人一般用 have , 美国人用 eat , dinner 前加冠词表示一顿一顿的饭食，不用冠词时，通常表示吃饭这件事。

11 . pardon 原谅；宽恕；对不起

Pardon me for being late .

Please pardon me for waking you .

I beg your pardon . I don't know this was your seat .

〖 点拨 〗I beg your pardon . = Beg your pardon . = Pardon . 读升调时，意思是“请再说一遍”。读降调时，意思是“请原谅，对不起”。 pardon sb . for ……原谅某人……

12 . dirty 脏的

My dress is getting dirty .

Wash your dirty face ( hands ) .

13 . brush 1 ) 刷；擦 ( 动词 ) 2 ) 刷子 ( 名词 )

Brush your teeth every morning .

〖 点拨 〗a tooth brush 牙刷 / a clothes brush 衣刷 a writing brush 毛笔

14 . simple 简单的；简易的；简朴的

The book is written in simple English .

The old man lived a simple life .

〖 点拨 〗live a simple life 过朴素的生活

16 . finger 手指

We use our fingers to feel and pick up things .

〖 点拨 〗大姆指：thumb , the forefinger 食指 , the middle finger 中指, the ring finger 无名指, the little finger 小指 。

单元词组思维运用

1 . wear out 穿坏；穿旧；用尽， ( 使 ) 精疲力尽

I have worn my shoes out , I must get another pair .

We were worn out after climbing the mountain .

2 . a pair of 一对；一双；一副

My sister gave me a pair of new shoes .

He wears a pair of glasses .

a pair of socks 一双短袜 / a pair of trousers 一条裤子

3 . at the moment 此刻

Mrs Green is working in the garden at the moment .

4 . just a moment 等一会儿

Just a moment , she is coming . 请稍等片刻，她就来。

5 . a bit 有点 ( = a little )

He was a bit angry .

Please wait a bit .

I'm not a bit hungry .

He knows a bit of English .

6 . the last time 上次，最后一次

The last time I saw him was last week .

When I saw him the last time , he was quite well .

7 . never mind 不要紧；没关系

-- Let me carry the box for you .

-- Never mind , It isn't heavy . I can do it myself .

-- I forgot to bring your book .

-- Never mind about that , I'll get it back tomorrow .

8 . in surprise 惊奇地

He looked at me in surprise with his mouth open .

说明：to one's surprise使某人感到惊奇的是……如：

To my surprise , the little girl can carry such a heavy box . 使我惊奇的是，那个小女孩竟能搬动那么重的箱子。

9 . much too 实在太；过于

You are much too kind to me .

辨析：much too 与 too much 不同。too much 是“太多…”的意思，用在不可数

名词前面，可作主语，作表语，作宾语。much修饰形容词和副词。如：

It's much too cold . 天气实在太冷。( much 是程度副词，修饰 too，加强语气 )

We've had too much rain lately . 最近我们这里的雨下得太多了。 ( much 是修饰 rain 的形容词，又被 too 修饰 )

10 . think about 思考；思虑；回想

What are you thinking about ?

They are thinking about leaving tomorrow .

11 . sell out 售完

The old woman has sold out all the eggs .

12 . so…that… 如此……以致于……

His shoes were so dirty that he must brush them .

13 . be busy （in）doing… = be busy with + n . 忙于做某事

He was busy (in)getting ready for his journey . = He is busy with the journey .

14 . fall over 摔倒

It's easy for you to fall over when you walk on the ice .

15 . on and on 继续；不断

We walked on and on .

The old woman talked on and on .

二、学海导航

【 学法指要 】

单元难点疑点思路明晰

1 . Can't they be mended ? 难道它们 ( 鞋子 ) 不能修吗 ?

以否定形式提问的疑问句叫否定疑问句。这种疑问句包括一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的结构。句中的 not 可以和有关的 be、have 以及助动词、情态动词结合，构成 - n't 形式放在主语之前。

一般否定疑问句往往表示怀疑、惊讶、责备等意义，实质上它具有强烈的“肯定”意味。如上述的例句，问话者的心中是相信它肯定能修。又如：

Can't you ( really ) ride a bicycle ?

Haven't you forgotten something ? 难道你们没忘记什么吗 ?

2 . They were so pleased to see each other that they forgot everything else . 他们彼此见面，格外高兴，把所有的事都忘了。

①so…that 意思是“如此……以致。”so 修饰它后面的形容词或副词，that 后面通常是表示结果的状语从句。又如：

It was so dark that he couldn't see anything . ( so 后接形容词 )

The teacher spoke so fast that I couldn't follow him . ( so 后接副词 )

②在这种意义的结构中，如果结果状语从句是否定式，可换成“too … to”的结构。如果结果状语从句是肯定形式，可以换成“…enough to…”的结构。如：

He was so weak that he could not walk . = He was too weak to walk .

③注意：so … that 与 so that 有区别。so that 引导目的状语从句，经常和 may , can , could , should , will , would 等情态动词连用。是“以便；为的是”之意，如：

Speak clearly so that we may understand you .

3 . My shoes are worn out . 我的鞋穿破了。

( 1 ) worn out 是过去分词短语，在句中作表语。

( 2 ) wear out “穿破；磨破；用坏”。例如：

Usually , children wear out their toys very quickly .

That machine was worn out last year .

Who wore out that bike ?

4 . I'm looking for a pair of black shoes . 我想买一双黑色的皮鞋。

looking for 在此表达购物人在购物时“寻找”所购物品的状态。

5 . What size do you want ? Size eight . 你要多大的码子 ? 8号的。

size “尺寸；大小”。例如：

It is about the size of an egg .

This book is the same size as that one . 这本书同那本书一样大小。

6 . I'm afraid we haven't got any black shoes in that size at the moment . 恐怕现在我们还没有那个码子的黑皮鞋。

in that size “那个尺寸的”，在句中作定语，修饰 shoes。介词 in 常用来表示尺寸大小及量度单位。

7 . How much do they cost ? ( 他们 ) 鞋子要多少钱 ?

( 1 ) 询问价格时，通常还说：

How much are they ? How much is it ?

( 2 ) cost , take 及 spend 都可表达“花费”之意，但用法不同。cost 可用来表示花费钱财及时间，但需要用表示事物或行为的词或短语作主语。例如：

The pair of shoes cost me 80 yuan .

Doing this work will cost them a week .

take 常用来表示花费时间，它的主语通常是动词不定式。

例如：It took me half an hour to work out the maths problem .

spend 同 cost 一样，可表示花费钱财及时间，但需要用表示人物的名词或代词作主语。

I spend about half an hour ( in ) reading English every morning .

8 . I don't think I'll take it . 我想我不会买它。

( 1 ) I don't think……是在否定对方意见或拒绝对方时委婉地表达自己意见的常用语。而不说：I think I won't take it . 例如：

I don't think that he'll be able to arrive here by two o'clock .

( 2 ) I'll take it 在句中作 think 的宾语，意为：“我买了”。也可说：I'll get ( have ) it . 在具体购买某物品时，一般不说 I'll buy it .

9 . A young man named John had just left school for the last time . 一句叫约翰的青年刚刚从学校毕业。

( 1 ) named John 是过去分词短语，修饰 a young man 作定语。

( 2 ) had left 是过去完成时。

( 3 ) leave school for the last time“最后一次离学校” ( 在此指毕业 )

for the last time “作为最后一次”，for the first time “作为第一次”。例如：

He did his work quite well for the first time .

10 . He was going to start work the following week . 他准备在下个星期开始工作。

the following week = the next week , the following 意为“紧随着的，接之而来的”。

the following morning 第二天早晨

the following month 第二个月；下个月

the following questions 下面的问题

11 . There was quite a nice shop near his home . 他家附近有一个相当漂亮的商店。

quite 是副词，不是形容词，所以不能说 a quite nice shop。又如：

That's quite a long time .

12 . The shop was quite new , for it had opened only the week before . 这家商店很新，因为他是上个星期才开业的。

句中的 for 是并列连词，后面接一个句子，它用来说明理由，只是一种解释和补充说明。语气比 because 轻得多。because 用来申述原因，往往表示事物的因果关系，所以在答复 why 的时候，必须用 because , 不可用 for。请比较下面的句子，体会句子的语气。

I'll be back at about ten o'clock , for I want to pay a visit to a good friend of mine . 我大约10点钟回来，因为我要拜访一个好友。( 此句的重点是何时回来，for 后面的意思只是一个补充说明。 )

He was late for school this morning because he went to bed late last night . ( “为什么”迟到 ? because 后面道出了原因。 )

A：Tell me why you haven't finished your homework .

B：Because I was badly ill yesterday evening . 因为我昨晚病得厉害。( 显然，上面的句子只能用 because 回答，而不能 for。 )

13 . But none of them were the right size . 意译：但它们没一双合脚。( 直译：但它们都不是合适的码子。 )

14 . They were either too big or too small . 他们不是太大就是太小。

( 1 ) either…or… 是关联连词。“或者……或者……”。例如：

Come either today or tomorrow . 要么今天来，要么明天来。

Either you or he is right . 不是你对，就是他对。 ( 直译：或者你对，或者他对。 )

注意：当 either…or…连接的是两个主语时，动词的形式要和 or 后面的主语保持一致。

比较：Either he or you are right . 要么他对，要么你对。

( 2 ) 我们学过的关联连词还有 neither…nor…，not only…but also…，both…and…，它们都用来连接句中两个平行的描述对象。

15 . …and then went to look at himself in a mirror . …然后走过去照照镜子。

look in a mirror , look in the mirror“照镜子”，口语中可用 glass 代替 mirror。

16 . It looks great . 这套服装看起来非常清爽。

great 常在口语中使用，表示赞美、欢愉的心情。又如：

Shall we have a party tonight ? That's great ! 我们今晚开晚会吗 ? 太棒了 !

17 . Have you got anything cheaper ? 你们有便宜一些的衣服 ( 卖 ) 吗 ?

anything 是不定代词，形容词修饰不定代词时，须后置。又如：

I've something important to tell you . 我有些重要的事要告诉你。

The story is nothing interesting . 这故事毫无意思。

18 . That's the cheapest suit we have , I'm afraid . 那是我们最便宜的西服，我想。

( 1 ) we have 修饰 suit，是定语从句。

( 2 ) I'm afraid 相当于汉语的“恐怕”之意，用以表达委婉的说话语气

19 . They were so pleased to see each other that they forgot everything else . 他们彼此见面，分外高兴，把所有的事情都忘了。

( 1 ) so…that…“如此……以至……”，so修饰它后面的形容词或副词，that 引出一个表结果的状语从句。例如：

The rain was so heavy that I had to stay at home .

He got up so late that he was late for school .

( 2 ) pleased 是形容词，意为 glad , pleased 多用于书面语或正式场合。glad 多用于口语，语气比较随便。例如：

Are you Miss Green ? Pleased to meet you .

Glad to see you . Are you any better today ? 很高兴见到你，今天好些吗 ?

( 3 ) so…that…还可引出表目的状语从句。这就要求我们从句子本身的内在含意来判断。比较下面的句子。

He got up so early that he could catch the early bus . ( 表目的 )

He got up so early that he caught the early bus . ( 表结果 )

20 . Haven't you forgotten something ? 你们难道没忘了什么吗 ?

此句比 You have forgotten something . 语气更为强烈。而不是一般的提问，所以不用 anything 。下面两句都有强烈的“肯定”意味。

Don't you see he is here ?

Didn't I tell you about this yesterday ?

21 . John turned round and looked at him in surprise . 约翰转过身来，惊奇地望着他。

( 1 ) round 作形容词时，意为“圆的”。作副词或介词时，意为“循环地”，“围绕”。句中的 round 修饰动词 turn，是副词。请注意 round 在下列句子中的词性。

He has a round face . ( 形容词 ) 他长着一副圆脸。

You can see a round table in the middle of the room . ( 形容词 )

Don't look round . The class has begun . ( 副词 )

The moon travels round the earth . ( 介词 )

( 2 ) in surprise 是介词短语，修饰句中的 looked , 作状语。surprise 除了作名词外，还可作及物动词。surprised 相当于一个形容词，表明主语的状态。例如：

His visit was a surprise to me . 他的访问出乎我意料之外。

He shouted in surprise when he heard the bed news .

What he said surprised us very much .

22 . “Pardon ? ”he said . “什么 ? ”他问道。

pardon 一词的原意是“宽恕”，“原谅”。在口语中，当听话人没听清或不明白对方的讲话时，常说“pardon ? ”用以请求对方再把原话说一遍。

- The telephone number is 355708 . 电话号码是355708。

- Pardon ? Wait a moment . I'll write it down . 什么 ? ( 或：再说一遍好吗 ? ) 等一下，我把它记下来。

23 . That was nearly the cheapest jacket in town . 这夹克几乎是城里最便宜的夹克了。

这句话颇具幽默感，如果没付钱，当然是“最便宜的了”。但毕竟不是事实，所以句中的动词用 was，而不用 is。

24 . 表示时间的 for , since , from , during 和 ago 的异同

for ①用来表示某动作或情况持续了多长时间，既可指过去，也可以指现在和将来。

I once studied French for three years . ( 指过去时间 )

That house has been empty for six weeks . ( 指现在时间 )

Our teacher will be away for the next ten days . 我们的老师从现在起将要离开

十天。 ( 指将来 )

②如果 for 表示的一段时间一直持续到现在为止，就要和现在完成时连用，不能用现在一般时。如：

I've known her for a long time . 我认识她已经好长时间了。 ( 不能说 I know her… )

这种用法的 for 可用 since + 行动开始的那一时间来代替。如：

He has worked here since this time last year . 他从去年这时候起就在这里工作。

③当我们说的是过去某个时刻时，我们要用 for 和过去完成时来表示一直持续到那个时刻的一段时间。如：

When she arrived , I had been waiting for two hours . 当她到达的时候，我已经等了两小时了。

from ①我们说某动作或情况从什么时候开始，什么时候结束时，就用 from…to… 或 from…till / until 的结构。如：

I was asleep from three to six . ( = for three hours ) 我从三点到六点在睡

觉。 ( 我曾睡了三小时 )

②当我们不说出动作或情况是什么时候结束时，也用 from 一词。如：

We had to begin our work from six in the morning .

from 也可用于地点。如：

Where do you come from ?

since ①只用于时间而不用于地点，意指“从那时起到说话的时刻。”它常常和现在完成时或过去完成时连用。如：

What have you been doing since this morning ?

It has been raining since two o'clock .

It was now six and he was tired because he had worked since dawn .

注意 since 与 from 的区别，

I was there from three o'clock , but nobody came . 我从三点钟起一直在那儿，但没有人来过。 ( 不能说……since three o'clock )

I 've been there since three o'clock , but nobody's come yet . 我从三点钟起一直在那儿，但没有人来过。( 此句不能说 ……from three o'clock )

②在“It is + 时间词语 + since”中，since 可以和现在时态或过去时连用。

It's a long time since the last meeting .

It was ages since my last meal , and I was very hungry .

注意 since 与 for 的区别：

当 for 和 since 都用在现在完成时句子中时，这两个词很容易搞混。记住：for 表示什么事情延续了多长时间。since 则表示这件事是从什么时候开始的。试比较：

for three days since Tuesday

during①用于已知的一段时间，即为大家所熟知的节日名称，如：Christmas ( 圣诞节 ) ，或者已经限定的时候或阶段。如：

during the years 1980 - 1990 在1980年1990年期间

②行动可以持续整个时期或只发生在这个时期的某一时刻。如：

It rained all Monday but stopped raining during the night . 星期一整天下雨，但夜里雨停了。 ( 在某一时刻 )

He was ill for a week , and during that week he ate nothing .

during 与 for 的区别：

during 表示什么时间发生了什么事。for 表示这件事持续了多长时间。

There was a storm during the night ; it rained for three or four hours . 夜里暴风雨大作，雨一直下了三四个小时。

My father was in hospital for six weeks during the summer . 我父亲在夏天住了六个月医院。

ago 不用来表示动作和情况的持续时间，也不用来表示动作是什么时候开始的。ago 只表示过去的事情是什么时候发生的。但我们用的是从现在往过去追溯的“倒数法”，而不说出具体日期。ago 要和过去时态连用。如：

I saw him three days ago . 我三天前看见他的。 ( 从现在起倒数的三天 )

I caught this cold two weeks ago .

注意ago 是“自今…之前”，before 是“自过去…之前。”

25 . either … or 与 neither … nor 和 both … and 的区分

①either … or … ( 或者…或者… ) ，neither … nor … ( 既不…也不… ) ，这是两组表示选择的关联连词，均用来连接两个在语法功能上相同，在结构上相称的并列成分。当它们连接并列主语时，谓语动词的人称和数量常与最邻近的主语 ( 即 or 或 nor 后面的名词 ) 保持一致。如：

Either you or she is correct ( right ) . 或者你对，或者她对 ( 不是你对，就是她对 ) 。

②either … or 连接两个或两个以上的分句或并列成分，提供两种或两种以上的可能性。如：

Come either today or tomorrow .

③neither 或 nor 单独使用时，后面所接句子的主语和谓语要倒装。如：

You don't know his address , neither do I .

both … and 表示“两者都”，“既……又……”，是 neither … nor 的反义词组。试比较：

It was both cold and wet .

It is neither cold and hot .

Both John and Mary were there .

25 .购物时的交际用语

( 1 ) 售货员招呼顾客，提供服务时的用语：

What can I do for you ? / Can I help you ?

( 2 ) 顾客表示想买什么时的用语：

I'd like to buy / get… 我想买…… / I want… 我要……/ I'm looking for…我在找……/ May I have a look at… ? 我可以看看……吗 ? / Have you got… ? 你 ( 们 ) 有……吗 ?

( 3 ) 谈论尺寸、大小、颜色、价格时的用语：

What size / colour / kind do you want ?

I'm afraid we haven't got…，but we've got…

Do you have any other kind / size / colour ?

How much / many…do you want ?

What about…… ?

That pair looks nice .

May / Can I try it / them on ?

Try on , please .

How much is it ? / How much does it cost ?

That's a bit / too expensive .

It's too expensive . I don't think I'll take it .

Have you got anything cheaper ?

That's cheap / fine / nice . I'll have / take it .

【 妙文赏析 】

Doctor's Advice

Once an old man went to the hospital to see a doctor . After having examined him carefully , the doctor said , “It's useless for you to take any medicine because no medicine will help you . You'd better have a good rest . Go to stay in a quiet country place for a month , go to bed early , drink some milk , walk a lot and smoke only one cigar a day . ”

“Thank you very much , ”said the old gentleman , “I shall do everything you say . ”

Two weeks later , the old man came to the doctor again . “How are you ? ”said the doctor , “I'm very pleased to meet you . You look much happier . ”

“Oh , doctor , ”said the old man , “I feel quite well now . I had a good rest . I went to bed early . I drank much milk . I walked a lot . Your advice certainly helped me . However , you told me to smoke one cigar a day . One cigar a day almost killed me at first . It's no joke to start smoking at my age , you know . ”

【 思维体操 】

下面是与购物有关的三个谜语，请猜一猜。

1 . Mary's mother asked her to buy something .

She said , “The thing is a five - letter word . Its first letter is in paint and also in draw . Its second is in peace but never in war . Its third is in up but not in down . It fourth is in village but not in town . Its fifth is in dress but not in suit . The whole is a most delicious fruit . ”

Mary thought for a minute , then she knew what her mother wanted her to buy . What is it ?

2 . Mary asked her mother how many she needed to buy . Her mother said . “The number is between one and ten . If you double the number , the result will be the same as if you added two to it . What is the number ? ”

3 . Two women went shopping . One spent ten dollars more than the other , and together they spent forty dollars . How much money did each of them spend ?

答案：1 . apple 2 . two 3 . One spent fifteen dollars and the other spent twenty - five dollars .

三、智能显示

【 心中有数 】

单元语法发散思维

过去完成时态

过去完成时由“助动词 had ( 用于各种人称和数 ) + 过去分词”构成。主要表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经完成或发生的动作或存在的状态。

这个时态常用 by 或 before 等引出过去的某一时刻，也常用状语从句或上下文表示过去的某一动作。其句型结构简见下表：

动词 be

动词 do

肯定式

By then I had been there .

By nine o'clock last night she had done the work .

否定式

By then he had not yet been there .

By nine o'clock last night I had not yet done the work .

疑问式

Had they been there by then ?

Had you done the work by nine o'clock last night ?

基本用法：在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成或发生的动作或存在的情况。如：

I had learned 1000 English words by the end of last term . 在上学期结束时，我已学了一千个英语单词。

They still hadn't finished the work by Friday .

表示某个动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。

It had snowed for an hour when the train arrived .

The old man died when the doctor arrived . ( 即老人的死是在医生到达的时候，或者刚刚到达之后 )

The old man had died when the doctor arrived . ( 即医生到达时，老人已死了 )

叙述比过去情况更早的动作或状态。

I found the watch I had lost .

【 动手动脑 】

单元能力立体检测

Ⅰ . 词汇：

用所给单词的适应形式填空：

1 . ______ ( luck ) , he didn't hurt badly .

2 . The ______ ( forty ) room is mine .

3 . Jack can jump ______ ( far ) than Jim .

4 . The door bell was ringing while he fell ______ ( sleep ) .

5 . The old man has been ______ ( die ) for half a year .

Ⅱ . 选择填空

1 . My father was busy ______ the car for his son .

A . to mend B . mend C . mends D . mending

2 . There are nine _______ students in their school .

A . hundred B . hundreds C . hundred of D . hundreds of

3 . None of you read _______ .

A . carefully enough B . careful enough C . enough carefully D . enough careful

4 . Kate' sweater ______ , please buy a new one for her .

A . was worn out B . were worn out C . worn out D . have worn out

5 . ______ do you play basket - ball ? ______ Once a week .

A . How long B . How often C . When D . How many times

6 . My mother told me _______ in the river .

A . not to swim B . to not swim C . not swim D . don't swim

7 . How much did you ______ on that bike ?

A . take B . pay C . cost D . spend

8 . Most people in the world like eating cakes ______ their birthday .

A . at B . in C . on D . from

9 . How far is your school to the sttion ?

A . Very soon . B . On foot . C . Ten minutes . D . Two kilometres .

10 . How long have you _______ Beijing ?

A . been to B . gone to C . come to D . been in

Ⅲ . 完成对话

A . Excuse me ! Could you tell me the ( 1 ) to the post office ?

B . Certainly , Go down this street and ( 2 ) the third turning ( 3 ) the left . Then walk on ( 4 ) you reach the end . You will find it .

A . How long will it ( 5 ) to get there ?

B . I think it's about twenty minutes' walk .

A . Thank you very much .

B . Not ( 6 ) ( 7 ) . It's a ( 8 ) .

答案：Ⅰ 1 . luckily 2 . fortieth 3 . further 4 . asleep 5 . dead Ⅱ . 1 . D 2 . A 3 . A 4 . A 5 . B 6 . A 7 . B 8 . C 9 . D 10 . D Ⅲ . 1 . way 2 . take 3 . on 4 . until 5 . take 6 . at 7 . all 8 . pleasure

【 创新园地 】

同学们在日常生活中你的衣物及日用品是家人代购呢，还是你或者你和你的同学亲自到商场去挑选呢 ? 希望你踏入社会，了解生活，用简单的英文叙述你的一次购物经历。注意：你在商场看到的是Bob和Don的购物情况。

创新园地答案：

Bob and Don wanted to buy some new clothes , so they went shopping together . First , they went to the men's department to see the suits that were on sale . The salesman helped them find the right size and they each tried on several suits . Bob found a light gray suit and bought it . Don finally selected a blue suit . The boys also bought two pairs of pants because they were not too expensive .

Next , they went to the shoe department . The clerk measured their feet and brought each of them several pairs of shoes to try on . It didn't take them very long to get their shoes . They didn't really need socks , but these were on sale , too , and they decided to buy several pairs .

【 同步题库 】

Unit 21

Ⅰ . 单项填空

1 . - Do you speak either French or Russian ?

- I'm sorry , I don't speak ______ .

A . either B . neither C . too D . both

2 . He sat in the car with a policeman on _______ side of him .

A . each a B . both C . every D . either

3 . I don't like the black - and - white TV set . I'd like to have it _______ .

A . sell B . to be sold C . sold D . selling

4 . He was much pleased _______ the good news .

A . at B . with C . on D . to

5 . He didn't want to _______ in his studies .

A . fall before B . fall behind C . fall beside D . fall fater 6 . We don't know _______ to ask questions .

A . who B . whose C . what D . which

7 . He can't decide _______ to buy .

A . what size of shoes B . how large of shoes

C . how much size D . how many size of shoes

8 . We are not sure ______ he will be here in time .

A . what B . when C . where D . if

9 . He taught me ______ to write an English letter .

A . what B . whether C . which D . how

10 . Which suit of trousers are _______ your size ?

A . on B . at C . to D . in

11 . She was busy _______ her bike when I came in .

A . to brush B . brushes C . brushing D . brushed

12 . Why did you ______ out this pair of shoes again ?

A . worn B . wear C . wearing D . put

13 . If you buy shoes , you'd better _______ them on first .

A . walk B . look C . wear D . try

14 . He doesn't know ______ to do this evening .

A . where B . how C . what D . why

15 . I'd better buy a new pair of shoes because _______ worn out .

A . it is B . this is C . that is D . they are

16 . He asked whether ______ begin at nine .

A . the meeting would B . would the meeting

C . will the meeting D . the meeting will

17 . After we have done our homework , we _______ to bed .

A . went B . go C . have gone D . had gone

18 . She has fallen ill _______ .

A . a week ago B . for week C . since last week D . of a week

19 . He _______ Shanghai for a meeting .

A . has gone to B . has been to C . went D . had gone

20 . Have you ______ the story about Liu Hu Lan ?

A . heard B . heard C . listened D . listen to

Ⅱ . 在改写后的句子空白处填入一个适当的英语单词，使句意合乎要求或与原文相符

1 . What size shoes do you wear ?

What ______ ______ ______ you shoes ?

2 . A young man named John had just left school for the last time .

A young man ______ ______ John had just leave school for the last time .

3 . I haven't seen you for months .

I saw you ______ ______ .

4 . The box is so heavy that he can't move it .

The box is ______ ______ for him _______ _______ .

5 . The old woman was so angry that she could say nothing .

The old woman was ______ angry to say _______ .

6 . What's the price ( 价格 ) of your sweater ?

How _______ does your sweater _______ ?

7 . She got up too late to catch the early train .

She got up ______ late ______ she ______ catch the early train .

Ⅲ . 补全对话

下面是一段对话，请在每个空白填入一个适当的英语单词，使对话意思完整。

A：What can I do for you ?

B：I'm ( 1 ) for a pair of black shoes .

A： ( 2 ) size do you want ?

B：Size five .

A：I'm ( 3 ) we haven't got any black shoes in that size at the moment . But we've got some brown ( 4 ) .

B：Hmm . Have you got any ( 5 ) kind ?

A：What about those shoes ( 6 ) there .

B：Well , that ( 7 ) looks nice . How much do they ( 8 ) ?

A：Thirty - five yuan .

B：Hmm ! That's a ( 9 ) expensive . Can I try them ( 10 ) , please ?

A：Certainly .

Ⅳ . 完形填空

A rich man and his wife went into a shop to buy a watch . ( 1 ) of them was very young . They looked at a lot of watches , and after ( 2 ) an hour they found two very beautiful , but they had not ( 3 ) been able to choose ( 4 ) them . One of them was very expensive . and ( 5 ) was quite a lot cheaper .

Of course , the shopkeeper wanted to ( 6 ) them the more expensive one , because then he would ( 7 ) more money from ( 8 ) , so he said to the lady . “Oh , go on . ( 9 ) his money . If you don't , he will only spend it on his second wife . ”

( 10 ) several seconds nobody said a word , and then the lady said angrily , “I'm his second wife ! ”

1 . A . Neither B . Some C . Several D . Both

2 . A . two B . one C . it D . half

3 . A . already B . yet C . how D . have

4 . A . in B . between C . on D . for

5 . A . the other B . other C . others D . all

6 . A . give B . show C . keep D . sell

7 . A . get B . have C . return D . buy

8 . A . it B . she C . him D . them

9 . A . Cost B . Borrow C . Spend D . Lend

10 . A . Before B . At C . Since D . For

Ⅴ . 阅读理解

A . 阅读短文并选择最佳答案

Parents !

“Oh do hurry up , Jane ! You're going to be late for work again ! ”

Mrs Biggs went into her daughter's room . Jane was sitting on the edge ( 边 ) of the bed with her head in her hands .

“Are you ill or something ? ”

“Just tired ( 累 ) . ”

“You don't get a proper night's sleep . that's your trouble . You were out late again last night . ”

“I was only down at the club . ”Jane answered sleepily on her way to the door .

“That place ! You're always down there these days . Mrs Stone says……”

Jane paused at the door . “Mrs Stone's never been inside the place . She just imagines things ! It's social club that's all . We sit around and talk . Or have a coke and play records . ”

“Is that all ? ”

Jane went into the bathroom without answering .

“This room is in a mess again , ”complained ( 抱怨 ) her mother“Clothes and magazines all over the place . ”She started to tidy them up . Still grumbling ( 发怨言 ) to herself .

Jane came back into the room , combing her hair .

“Have you washed already ? ”her mother asked .

“Someone's invited me to a party in London on Saturday night . ”Jane said . “Can I go ? ”

“First the club . now parties……”

“But can I go , though ? ”

“I don't know . ”Ask your father Mrs Biggs went out of the room . “Is it the boy who rang last Sunday ? ”she called over her shoulder . “The one with the funny voice ? ”

“Funny voice ! ”muttered Jane to herself . “Well , he's not her boy friend ! ”

1 . It was difficult for Jane to wake up because she

A . had not slept well . B . had not slept enough .

C . did not feel well .

2 . Jane spent a lot of time at the club . Her mother did not

A . approve . ( 批准 ) B . care . C . object . ( 反对 )

3 . Jane described the activities at the club . Her mother

A . complained . B . did not listen to her .

C . did not believe her .

4 . Going to a party in London was something

A . expensive . B . tiring . C . new .

5 . The passage shows that Mrs Biggs

A . disliked her daughter . B . worried about her daughter .

C . treated ( 对待 ) her daughter badly .

B . 阅读下列短文，根据内容判断正误。正确的在左边括号写T；否则写F

Four friends were drinking in a village pub ( 酒店 ) . Their jackets were hanging on the back of their chairs . Suddenly one of them . Jack , shouted that he had lost five pounds . Fred said he was sure nobody there had stolen the money . Tom suggested ( 建议 ) they should all empty their pockets on the table . But the owner of the pub would not let them do that because money all looks the same . Nobody knew what to do . Just then , Jim , at traveller , stood up . He said he would help them find the money .

Jim said , “I've found out the cocks are good at catching thieves ( 贼 ) . Let's borrow the pub owner's cock . ”He put a big black pot ( 锅 ) upside ( 颠倒 ) down on the table . Then he put the cock under it . “After I turn off the lights , ”he said , “you must come up one by one and touch the bottom ( 底部 ) of the pot with your right hand . ”When the thief done so , the cock will crow ( 啼 ) .

The others did not know whether they should believe him . One by one they went past the table in the dark , but the cock never made a noise . When the light went on , Jim asked everybody to show his right hand . He looked at each hand in turn and then said , “Fred , give the five pounds back to Jack . ”“But the cock never crowed ! ”said Fred .

Jim told Ered to look at all the hands . “They're all black with soot ( 煤烟 ) except yours . Can you explain why you didn't dare touch the pot ? ”Fred's face went white . He hung his head .

1 . All of them put the money on the table ?

2 . All the man in the pub didn't know what to do except Jim .

3 . Fred didn't touch the pot because he was out at that time .

4 . Jim found the thief at last .

5 . Fred was the thief .

C . 阅读下列短文，根据其内容选最佳答案，并将其字母在左边的括号内

A student once said how useless it was to put advertisements ( 广告 ) in the newspapers . “Last week , ”said he , “I lost my dictionary in a London shop . Because it was a present , I spent twice of its cost in advertising , but didn't get it back . ”

“How did you write your advertisement ? ”asked one of his classmates .

“Here it is . ”said the student , taking out of his pocket a piece of advertisement from a newspaper . His classmate took it and read . “Lost from the City Shop last Sunday evening , an English - French dictionary . The one who finds it will receive ten dollars on leaving it at NO . 10 Water Street . ”

“Now , ”said his classmate , “I don't think your advertisement can work . The way in which the words are used very important . Let us try for your dictionary again , and if it can't bring your dictionary back , I'll buy you a new one . ”

He then took a piece of paper out of his pocket and wrote , “If the man who was seen to take a dictionary from the City Shop last Sunday evening doesn't want to get into trouble , he well return the dictionary to No , 10 Water Street , We know who he is . ”

This appeared ( 出现 ) in the newspaper , and on the next morning , the student was surprised when he opened the front door . In the doorway lay at least twelve dictionaries , and his own was among the number . Many of them had notes on them saying that they had been taken by mistake , and begging ( 乞求 ) the loser not to say anything about the matter .

1 . What is an advertisement ?

A . A piece of news in the newspaper B . A public notice

C . An idea D . One's wish

2 . The student once thought advertising was ______ .

A . of little use B . of some use C . important D . not important

3 . His classmate said that he should ______ .

A . buy a new dictionary B . go on looking for his dictionary

C . write another and better advertisement D . tell the police

4 . “If it can't bring your dictionary back , I'll buy you a new one” means that ______ .

A . he was quite sure he would get the dictionary back

B . he was not sure he would get the dictionary back

C . he was rich enough to buy a new dictionary

D . he didn't know what to do

5 . Did the classmate know who had taken the dictionary ?

A . Sure . B . Not very sure . C . Not at all . D . Perhaps .

答案：Ⅰ . 1 . A 2 . D 3 . C 4 . A 5 . B 6 . A 7 . A 8 . D 9 . D 10 . D 11 . C 12 . B 13 . D 14 . C 15 . D 16 . A 17 . A 18 . C 19 . A 20 . D Ⅱ . 1 . is the size of 2 . with the name 3 . months ago 4 . too heavy , to move 5 . too , anything 6 . much cost 7 . so , than couldn't Ⅲ . 1 . looking 2 . What 3 . afraid 4 . ones 5 . other 6 . over 7 . pair 8 . cost 9 . bit ( little ) 10 . on Ⅳ. 1 . A 2 . D 3 . B 4 . B 5 . A 6 . D 7 . A 8 . D 9 . C 10 . D Ⅴ . A . 1 . b 2 . a 3 . c 4 . c 5 . b B . 1 . F 2 . T 3 . F 4 . T 5 . T C . 1 . B 2 . A 3 . C 4 . A 5 . C

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