【导语】“我是一只小小狗”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了18篇face的用法精析小结，下面小编为大家带来整理后的face的用法精析小结，希望能帮助大家!
- 目录
篇1：face的用法精析小结
面对面：face的用法精析
The significant problems we face cannot be solved at the same level of thinking we were at when we created them.
——Albert Einstein
面对问题时，我们不能用制造它们时同一水平的思维来解决它们。
——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦
一、下面我们来看看face有几种含义
n.
1.脸，面孔;面容，面部表情 the front part of the head between the forehead and the chin
She has a lovely oval face.
她长着一张可爱的椭圆脸。
2.外表，外貌 facial expression
A fair face is half a portion.
美貌等于一半嫁妆。
3.表面，正面 outward appearance
The sea have erode the cliff face over the years.
海水经年累月冲刷着峭壁的表面。
4.面子，威严 assurance, confidence
To cancel the airport would mean a loss of face for the present governor.
撤销机场对现任州长来说将是件丢脸的事情。
5.有…面容的;有…表情的 a facial expression of distaste or displeasure
He came to me with a very long face.
他拉长了脸来找我。
6.钟面;表盘 a front, upper, or outer surface
The minute-hand made the circuit of the face, and the hour was to be stricken.
长针在钟面走了一圈，已临报时之际。
7.方面 a particular aspect of sth
We behold the face of nature bright with gladness.
我们常常从光明、愉快的方面去看自然界的外貌。
8.(事物的某种)特征 particular character of sth
v.
1.面对，面向… [I,T] to be opposite sb / sth
Face your problem boldly instead of trying to dodge them.
要勇敢地面对你的问题，不要躲避它们。
2.正视;承认 [I,T] to accept that a difficult situation exists, although you would prefer not to
It takes a great deal of courage to face the situation bravely.
大胆地正视这一局面需要很大的勇气。
3.面临… [T] to be a prospect or a source of concern for
We recognize that we have to face the same situation here.
我们知道我们在这儿得面临着同样的形势。
4.必须对付(某情况) [T] to master by confronting with determination
He turned to face his attackers.
他转过身来对付那些攻击者。
二、以下的单词也能表示face的意思：
1.face, appearance, aspect, countenance, feature, look, visage
这组词都有“脸”“面貌”的意思。其区别在于：
face 意义广泛，可指人或动物的脸，也可指面部表情，还可指事物的外表等。
feature 仅涉及耳口鼻等五官时只用单数形式，指整个容颜、面貌时则须用复数形式。
countenance 意思是“面容，面色”，有明显的感情色彩。
visage 指人或物的面貌、外表。主要用于书面语、文学语言中。
aspect 多用于文学作品中，用于人时，指某人所特有的外貌，用于物时，指某事物给人造成的特殊印象。
appearance 只表示对人或事物的外表进行客观的记叙，强调整体外貌。
look 是普通用词，用单数时表示脸色、神色、外表;用复数时，纯指面容，一般用在口语中。
2.meet, encounter, confront, face, contact
这些动词均有“遇见，会见，碰见”之意。
meet普通用词，本义指双方或多方从不同方向或相反方向作向对运动，最终相碰(遇)。
encounter通常指遇到困难或挫折，也指偶然或意外地相遇。
confront 不可避免的，面对面的相遇。也指敢于正视困难或问题的决心和信心。
face侧重双方静止地面对面，或指指充满勇气、信心和决心正视人或事。
contact多指通过书信、电话或直接会面和别人联系。口语用词。
3.appearance, look, face, aspect
这些名词均含事物或人的“外表，容貌”之意。
appearance普通用词，着重由总体产生的印象。
look普通用词，多用复数，可与
appearance换用，但较口语化。
face侧重指容貌。
aspect书面用词，突出人或事物在某特定时间或地点时的外貌。
三、你知道face和哪些词更搭吗?
face card
(纸牌)人头牌(扑克牌的J.Q.K)
face lifting
整形美容术,脸部去绉术
face off
v.使...的表面平滑 n. 对峙,对抗
face the music
v. 勇于承担责任;临危不惧;面对现实
face to face
面对面;面临着,当面
face value
n. 票面价值,表面价值
false face
n. 假面具
fly in the face of
悍然无视,公然违抗
make a face
v.做鬼脸
on the face of it
乍看上去,从表面上看
poker face
n. 一本正经的面容，面无表情的人
pudding face
n. 肥大的脸
四、来做个填词游戏巩固基础吧
You should spunk up and _____ the facts.
你应该振奋精神，勇敢地面对事实。
face短语用法归纳
1be faced with 面临。
如： They are all faced with the same problem.
他们都面临同样的问题。
2 face the music 承当后果
You’ve been caught cheating ---- now you must face the music.
你的骗局被戳穿了，现在你得自食其果了。
3face to face (with) 面对面，面临，当面。
如：
He stood face to face with her.
他与她面对面站着。
He came face to face with death.
他面临死亡。
4in (the) face of
(1) 面对。
如：He showed great bravery in face of danger.
在危险面前他表现出非常勇敢。
(2) 尽管，不顾。
如：He succeeded in the face of great difficulties.
尽管有巨大困难，但他还是成功了。
5 lose face 丢面了。
如：He lost face with his friends.
他在朋友面前丢了面子。
6make a face (at) 皱眉头， 做苦相， 做鬼脸。
如：He made a face when he saw the pile of work.
看到一大堆活，他皱起了眉头。
注：有时 face 可用复数。
如：The children made faces at one another.
孩子们相互做鬼脸。
7 pull [wear] a long face愁眉苦脸的样子，板着面孔。
如：She pulled a long face when she heard that.
他听到这话之后， 显示出一副不高兴的样子。
8 save face 保全面子。
如：She kept silent about that in order to save face.
为了保全面子，她对那事只字未提。
英语语法：短语lose face，l
动词短语是由动词和介词、副词、名词等构成的，在句中作谓语。
393.lose face丢脸
用法：lose face通常用于主动语态。
例句：It’s a rare chance for them to see the boss lose face. (6月六级)
他们很少有机会看到老板丢脸。
结构分析：It是形式主语，is是系动词， a rare chance是表语， for them to see the boss lose face是真正主语，for them是逻辑主语。
394.lose heart失去信心
用法：lose heart与lose one’s heart的区别：后者常与介词to连用，表示“爱上，钟情于”。
例句：He lost heart after his company went bankrupt.
公司破产后，他很灰心。
395.lose one’slife 丧命
用法：lose one’s life相当于die，其中的one’s可以根据主语的不同，用his, her, their等形容词性物主代词。
例句：About 80 passengers lost their lives in the car accident.
大约80个乘客在车祸中丧命。
396.lose one’ssight失明
用法：lose one’s way相当于be lost, get lost。
例句：The chemistry teacher told us the poor girl lost her sight after the fire.
化学老师告诉我们，火灾后，那个可怜的女孩失明了。
20200229作业动词短语：lose one’s way迷路
用法：lose one’s way相当于be lost, get lost。
例句：Three hours later, the tour guide found that the visitors lost their way in the forest.
se heart的用法
篇2：关于face用法及解释
1. be faced with 面临。如：
They are all faced with the same problem. 他们都面临同样的问题。
2. face the music 承当后果。如：
You’ve been caught cheating ---- now you must face the music. 你的骗局被戳穿了，现在你得自食其果了。
3. face to face (with) 面对面，面临，当面。如：
He stood face to face with her. 他与她面对面站着。
He came face to face with death. 他面临死亡。
4. in (the) face of
(1) 面对。如：
He showed great bravery in face of danger. 在危险面前他表现出非常勇敢。
(2) 尽管，不顾。如：
He succeeded in the face of great difficulties. 尽管有巨大困难，但他还是成功了。
5. lose face 丢面了。如：
He lost face with his friends. 他在朋友面前丢了面子。(from www.nmet168.com)
6. make a face (at) 皱眉头， 做苦相， 做鬼脸。如：
He made a face when he saw the pile of work. 看到一大堆活，他皱起了眉头。
注：有时 face 可用复数。如：
The children made faces at one another. 孩子们相互做鬼脸。
7. pull [wear] a long face愁眉苦脸的样子， 板着面孔。如：
She pulled a long face when she heard that. 他听到这话之后， 显示出一副不高兴的样子。
8. save face 保全面子。如：
She kept silent about that in order to save face. 为了保全面子，她对那事只字未提。
篇3：关于face用法及解释
n. 脸; 面孔; 面部表情; 有…面容的; 有…表情的;
v. 面对; 面向; 正对; 面临，必须对付(某情况); 承认，正视(现实);
[例句]He rolled down his window and stuck his face out
他摇下车窗，把头探了出去。
[其他] 第三人称单数：faces 复数：faces 现在分词：facing 过去式：faced 过去分词：faced
face例句
1. They have maintained their optimism in the face of desolating subjugation.
面对遭征服的悲惨命运，他们保持了乐观的态度。
2. The cold, misty air felt wonderful on his face.
雾蒙蒙，寒冷的空气使他脸上感觉很舒爽。
3. He will now face a disciplinary hearing for having an affair.
他因有外遇而要面临纪律听证会的裁决。
4. A young man plunged from a sheer rock face to his death.
一名男青年从陡峭的岩壁上坠崖身亡。
5. The government wilted in the face of such powerful pressure.
政府面对如此大的压力，失去了信心。
6. He came to me with a very long face.
他拉长了脸来找我。
7. She was thin and spare, with a sharply intelligent face.
她又高又瘦，一副精明过人的模样。
8. Brothels, she insists, are the acceptable face of prostitution.
她坚持认为，妓院是卖淫可为人接受的一种形式。
9. We'll face a tough fight in the upcoming election.
在即将到来的选举中，我们将面临一场恶斗。
10. His hair was disheveled, and his face was unshaven and gray.
他头发凌乱，没刮胡子，脸色苍白。
11. Haley studied her, an enigmatic smile on his face.
黑利打量着她，脸上带着神秘的笑容。
12. The winner will face the Oakland A's in the playoffs this weekend.
获胜者将在本周末的季后赛中对阵奥克兰运动者队。
篇4：face的用法
face的用法1：face的基本意思是“面孔”“脸”,为可数名词。引申可指“面部表情”“外表”“表面”“威严”“厚脸皮”等。
face的用法2：face作“面子”“过分自信”解时,为抽象名词,不可数。
face的用法3：face的复数形式faces可作“面容”解,用于比喻时指一个人的多副面孔。
face的用法4：face用作名词时意为“脸”,转化为动词意为“面对”“朝”“面临”,引申可指“正视”“承认”,即明知形势危险或某种力量难以抗拒,也准备或愿意接受其后果。
face的用法5：face既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,用作及物动词时,后面可接人或表示困难、形势、问题等的抽象名词或动名词作宾语; 用作不及物动词时,多用来指房屋的朝向。
篇5：her的用法精析
她到底什么意思?her的用法精析
Eyes are raining for her,heart is holding umbrella for her,this is love”.
——Rabindranath Tagore
眼睛为她下着雨，心却为她打着伞，这就是爱情。
——泰戈尔《吉檀迦利》
一、你知道her有几种含义吗?
abbr.
(= heraldry) 纹章术，纹章学
pron.
1.(she的宾格)她，(用作动词或介词宾语)她
You don't need to take off your gloves to her like that.
你不必对她如此地不依不饶。
2.(she的所有格)她的
Most flashlights work on two batteries.
大多数的手电筒用两节电池。
二、一起来玩个小游戏吧
I went in the room and told I had something to say to
我走进房间，告诉她我有话要和她说。
her 与 hers的用法
her形容词性
hers是名词性的
her 有两个意思，一是 she 的宾格，在句子中作宾语，和him用法一样;二是形容词性的物主代词，用在具体的物之前，表示“她的”，和his一样
hers是与her相对的名词性的物主代词，表示“什么东西是她的”用法和mine yours his 等一样
this is her bag. 这是她的包
this bag is hers. 这包是她的。
也就是涉及她的东西时，用英语表示时她后面有具体东西时用 her
she和her的用法与区别
1主格用法
主格，宾格作句子的宾语或表语。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，在句中作定语。名词性物主代词起名词的作用，在句中作主语或宾语。
例句
I am a teacher.(主格作主语)我是一名老师。
Please call me Jim. (宾格作句子的宾语)请叫我吉姆。
Who is knocking at the door? It's me.(宾格作句子的表语)谁在敲门?是我。
2形容词性物主代词内容
形容词性物主代词有:my(我的)，your(你的、你们的)，our(我们的)，his(他的)，her(她的)，its(它的)，their(他们的)。形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特性，经常放在名词前面作定语，表明该名词所表示的人或物是“谁的”或...belongs to sb。
用法
有“名”则“形”，无“名”则“名”。
意思是：后面是名词的话，前面就要用形容词性物主代词。后面没有名词的话，就用名词性物主代词。
主动语态与被动语态的转换规则
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：
1. 先找出谓语动词;
2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语;
3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语;
4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week. 布鲁斯每星期写一封信。
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 李雷今天上午在修理坏的自行车。
3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far. 至今他已写了两部小说。
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 他们明天将要种植十棵树。
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now. 露西正在写信。
6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave. 当你离开的时候你必须把门锁上。
三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。
What will happen in 100 years?一百年里会发生什么事?
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 约65万年前恐龙灭绝。
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
This pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好写。
This new book sells well. 这本新书卖的很好。
3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。
例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 一个女孩看到我的钱夹掉了当她经过的时候。
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 这个老板让这小男孩干重活。
4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. 他给了我一本书。
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. 他给我展示了一张票。
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 我父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。
5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can't laugh at him. →He can't be laugh at by us. 我们不能嘲笑他。
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. 他每天都收听广播。
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.这护士在照顾这个虚弱的男人。
主动语态与被动语态意思相同的动词
以下各句均引自权威词典，虽然它们用主动语态和被动语态的强调重点有所不同，但它们的基本意思是大致相同：
aim at
The book (was) aimed at giving a general outline of this subject. 这本书的目的是要对这个问题作个大概描述。
assemble
The whole school (was) assembled in the main hall. 全校在大礼堂集合。
bend
They (were) bent double crouching under the table. 他们蜷着身子蹲在桌子底下。
cluster
Reporters (were) clustered round the Prime Minister. 记者把首相团团围住。
dim
The stage lights (were) dimmed, and the play's first act was over. 舞台灯光暗了下去，这出戏的第一幕结束了。
drown
He (was) drowned while trying to swim across a river. 他在努力游过一条河时淹死了。
graduate
Smith (was) graduated from Harvard. 史密斯毕业于哈佛大学。
hang
His portrait (was) hung above the fireplace. 他的肖像挂在壁炉的上方。
head
They are heading [headed] for London. 他们去伦敦。
hole up
The gang (was) holed up in the mountains somewhere. 那帮匪徒躲在山中某处。
ice over
The pond (was) iced over during the cold spell. 寒流期间池塘都封冻了。
lodge
The bullet (was) lodged in his brain. 子弹射入他的脑内。
mist
His eyes (were) misted with tears. 他泪眼模糊了。
partner
We (were) partnered off for the next dance. 下一舞曲我们两人一起跳。
sell out
Soon the books (were) sold out. 书很快就被卖完了。
smash
The boat (was) smashed to pieces on the rocks. 船触礁而撞碎了。
stand down
The troops (were) stood down: it was a false alarm. 部队解除了戒备状态，原来是虚惊一场。
telescop
The first two carriages of the train (were) telescoped in the crash. 火车撞车时前两节车箱叠嵌在一起了。
swing
The gate (was) swung slowly to shut. 大门慢慢地关上了。
whisk
She (was) whisked up to the top floor in the lift. 她乘电梯迅速到达顶层。
篇6：face的过去式和用法例句
face的过去式及其他时态：
过去式: faced
过去分词: faced
现在分词: facing
face的用法：
face的用法1：face用作名词时意为“脸”,转化为动词意为“面对”“朝”“面临”,引申可指“正视”“承认”,即明知形势危险或某种力量难以抗拒,也准备或愿意接受其后果。
face的用法2：face既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,用作及物动词时,后面可接人或表示困难、形势、问题等的抽象名词或动名词作宾语; 用作不及物动词时,多用来指房屋的朝向。
face的过去式例句：
1. He faced the press, initially, in a somewhat subdued mood.
他最初面对媒体时情绪有点忧郁。
2. She stood up from the table and faced him.
她从桌前站起来，面对着他。
3. Other daughters, faced with their mother's emotional hunger, pull away.
面对母亲的情感渴求，其他几个女儿都疏远了她。
4. The current national poster child is a tiny, freckle-faced redhead.
现在的那个全国广告代言人个头不高，红头发，脸上有雀斑。
5. A red-faced Mr Jones was led away by police.
一位涨红了脸的琼斯先生被警察带走了。
6. He finds himself faced with a whole new ball game.
他发现自己面对着一个截然不同的情况。
7. Christie looked relaxed and calm as he faced the press.
克里斯蒂面对记者，显得镇定自若。
8. A French-based pharmaceuticals company ran into cash-flow problems andfaced liquidation.
法国的一家制药公司陷入资金周转问题，面临清算的危机。
9. The city had faced racial crisis and come through it.
该市曾面临种族危机，不过已经安然渡过。
10. They were faced with the daunting task of restoring the house.
他们面临着修复房子的艰巨任务。
11. She faced the humiliation of discussing her husband's affair.
她面临要谈及丈夫外遇的羞辱。
12. This highlights a problem faced by people proposing theories of ball lightning.
这使得球状闪电理论的提出者所面临的一个问题凸显出来。
13. The British East India Tea Company was overextended and facedbankruptcy.
英国东印度茶业公司摊子大、开支多，已濒临破产。
14. Christie looked relaxed and calm as he faced the press afterwards.
后来面对记者的时候，克里斯蒂显得放松而镇静。
15. They had faced one difficulty after another with bravery and dedication.
他们以无畏和无私奉献的精神迎接了一个又一个的困难。
篇7：face的用法和短语例句
1. They have maintained their optimism in the face of desolating subjugation.
面对遭征服的悲惨命运，他们保持了乐观的态度。
2. The cold, misty air felt wonderful on his face.
雾蒙蒙，寒冷的空气使他脸上感觉很舒爽。
3. He will now face a disciplinary hearing for having an affair.
他因有外遇而要面临纪律听证会的裁决。
4. A young man plunged from a sheer rock face to his death.
一名男青年从陡峭的岩壁上坠崖身亡。
5. The government wilted in the face of such powerful pressure.
政府面对如此大的压力，失去了信心。
6. He came to me with a very long face.
他拉长了脸来找我。
7. She was thin and spare, with a sharply intelligent face.
她又高又瘦，一副精明过人的模样。
8. Brothels, she insists, are the acceptable face of prostitution.
她坚持认为，妓院是卖淫可为人接受的一种形式。
9. We'll face a tough fight in the upcoming election.
在即将到来的选举中，我们将面临一场恶斗。
10. His hair was disheveled, and his face was unshaven and gray.
他头发凌乱，没刮胡子，脸色苍白。
11. Haley studied her, an enigmatic smile on his face.
黑利打量着她，脸上带着神秘的笑容。
12. The winner will face the Oakland A's in the playoffs this weekend.
获胜者将在本周末的季后赛中对阵奥克兰运动者队。
13. Customers who arrange overdrafts will face a monthly charge of £5.
透支的客户每月要缴纳5英镑的费用。
14. Lie face upwards with a cushion under your head.
头枕垫子仰卧。
15. He was a smallish, greying man, with a wrinkly face.
他是一个满脸皱纹、头发灰白的小个子男人。
篇8：compare用法精析 (人教版英语高考复习)
compare用法精析
compare v. 比较，对比
【用法精析】
(1) compared to/with... 和……相比
I’ve had some difficulties, but they were nothing compared to yours.
我遇到了一些困难，但与你的困难比起来就算不上什么了。
My own problems seem insignificant compared with other people’s.
与别人的问题相比，我自己的问题算不得什么。
(2) compare...to... 把……比作
The poet compared the stream to the source of life.
诗人把溪水比作生命之泉。
(3) compare...with... 把……和……比较
I compared the copy with the original, and there wasn’t much difference.
我比较了复印本与原件，不过差别不是很大。
(4) without/beyond compare 无与伦比（compare用作名词）
The loveliness of the scene was beyond compare.
景色之美无与伦比。
【拓展】
(1) comparison n. 比较；对比
(2) by comparison 比较起来；相比之下
(3) by/ in comparison (with sb/sth)（与……）相比较
历届高考试题分析：
________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (2004湖北卷)
A. Compare B. When comparing
C. Comparing D. When compared
【分析】 该题考查状语从句的省略及动词compare的用法。compare可构成compare ... with ... 短语，意为 “把……与……相比较”，该句前面补全为When (it is) compared with the size of the whole earth, 由于主句的主语和从句的主语一致，所以省略了it is，该题的正确答案为D。
现将compare的用法归纳如下：
1. vt. 比较；对照。着重人与人或事物与事物之间的异同，常和介词with连用。
If you compare both of our cars, you will find them very much alike. 如果你对比我们的两辆汽车，你就会发现它们非常相似。
He began comparing himself with the other teammates and found he didn’t practice as hard as them. 他开始将自己和其他的队员们比较，发现不如他们训练得认真。
2. vt. 比喻为；比作。指出两个事物之间的关系或相似之处，常与介词to连用。
Young people are compared to the sun at eight or nine in the morning. 年青人常常被比作早晨 八、九点钟的太阳。
In many poems, we can see that poets compare sleep to death. 在许多诗里面，我们会看到诗人把睡眠比作死亡。
3. vi. 与……相比 / 匹敌。后接介词with。
No one can compare with Shakespeare as a writer of tragedies. 作为悲剧作家，没有人能同莎士比亚相比。
My little house can’t compare with his villa. 我的小房子是无法和他的别墅相比的。
4. n. 比较。不可数，常用于惯用语中。
The view of the little hill is beyond compare. 这小山的景色无与伦比。
The height of the new building is without compare in the world. 这座新大楼的高度在世界上是无与伦比的。
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篇9：英语语法难点精析
1、【语法难点精析之被分隔的定语从句】
定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句，在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。
一般说来，定语从句被分割开来大致有以下三种：
①在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。
如：There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.
在太空中有成千上万的象太阳般的星星。
乍一看，that引导的定语从句在名词sky的后面，似乎应该是修饰sky的。但仔细一想，”不对啊，天空怎么能象太阳呢？“，原来that引导的定语从句被in the sky这个地点状语分隔开来，修饰中心词stars。
②在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。
如：Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?
你还记得吗，十年前的一天下午，我来到你家，找你借了一条钻石项链？
when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace实际上是修饰afternoon而不是修饰 years。ten years ago 实际上是定语后置修饰afternoon。
③先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后
如：A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
明天，新（男）老师将来较你德语。
2、【语法难点精析之besides,but,except,exept for,excepting,apart from的区别】
（1） besides与except
前者表示＂除．．．以外，还有．．．＂；后者表示＂从整体中除去．．．＂
这个大家都知道，就不举例子了．
（2）except与except for
a．除去的和非除去的是同类事物，用except
eg：All the essays are well written except Nelson's.
Nelson的文章（除去的）和All the essays（非除去的）是同类事物，所以用except．
b．除去的和非除去的不是同类事物，用except for，并且从语气上通常表示遗憾．
eg：His essay is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.
a few spelling mistakes(除去的）和His essay（非除去的）是不同类的事物．
（3）apart from 具有多重意义：既可表示besides，也可以表示exept或exept for，还可以表示without的意思
eg：Apart from the cost,it will take a lot of time.(=besides)
The orphan had no one to take care of him apart from his uncle.(=except)
He has done good work,apart from a few slight faults.(=except for)
There can be no knowledge apart from practice.实践出真知．（＝without）
（4）excepting =except,但一般用于句首或用于not，without，always等词之后
eg:Excepting his brother,they are all right.
Everyone,not excepting myself,must share the blame.
All of us,without excepting those who know more about the subject,should study.
All my brothers com here every day,always excepting the youngest.
（5）but与except同义，但but多用在every，any，no等和由这些词构成的复合词如everything，anywhere，nobody等词以后及all，none之后
eg：The children go to school everyday but Sunday.
They are all gone but me.
You can get the book anywhere but here.
There is no one but me.
Who but George would do such a thing?
3、【语法难点之too...to 结构表示肯定含义的情况】
【too...to 结构表示肯定含义的情况】
我们知道too...to结构一般表示否定含义,意为“太...以致于不能”
eg:He is too old to work.
但too...to在下列情况下却表示肯定含义:
⑴当too前或to前有否定词构成双重否定时.
eg:English is not too difficult to learn.
英语并不太难学.
He is too wise not to see that.
他很聪明,不会不懂这一点.
⑵当too后是：glad,pleased,happy,delighted,satisfied,ready,willing,kind,apt,good,true,easy,near,careful,well,early,delicious,eager,anxious等形容词或副词时.
eg:They are too anxious to leave.
他们急于离开.
He is too ready to help others.
他总是乐于助人.
与这些词连用时,too前还常加上only,all,but,just,simply等副词,意思不变,因为这些词加上too后与very同义.
eg:I'm only too glad to see you .
见到你非常高兴.
They are but too pleased to hear the news.
他们听到这个消息,非常高兴.
⑶与cannot连用时.
eg:You cannot be too careful(=You can never be careful enough) to do your homework.
你做作业越仔细越好(=无论怎样仔细也不过分).
⑷当不定式在句中作定语或真正的主语时.
eg:There are too many problems to be solved.
有很多问题有待解决.
It is too much to say that he is a fool.
4、【语法难点精析之every表示”每隔“的用法】
⑴“every other+单数名词”
意思是“每隔一。。。”
如：every other day 每隔一天 every other tree 每隔一棵树
⑵“every+基数词+复数名词”或“every+序数词+单数名词”
意思是“每隔。。。”（较英语数词少一个）
如：every three days=every third day 每隔两天（或者译为每三天）
因此every two days=every other day 每隔一天（或者译为每两天）
⑶“every few+复数名词”
意思是“每隔几。。。”
如：every few days（每隔几天）
5、【语法难点精析之alive、live、living和lively的用法】
⑴ lively 有“活泼的、快活的、生动的”等意思，可以指人或物，可作定语或标语；但它没有“活着的”意思，而其他三个都有。
如：
Young children are usually lively.
小孩子们通常是活泼的。
He told a very lively story.
他讲了一个生动的故事。
⑵alive、live、living都有“活的、有生命的”意思，与dead意义相反。但live通常只作前置定语，且一般用于动物；alive、living不仅可作定语（alive只能置于名词后；living一般置于名词前，也可置于名词后），也可以作表语。
如：This is a live(=living) fish.(=This is a fish alive.)
这是一条活鱼。（指动物，且作定语时，三者均可用）
Who's the greatest man alive(=living man)?
谁是当今最伟大的人物？（指人，不能用live）
The fish is still alive(=living)
那条鱼还活着。（指动物作表语时不能用live）。
⑶living主要指在某个时候是活着的，而alive指本来有死的可能，但仍活着的。而且，作主语补足语或宾语补足语时，只能用alive；作比喻义（如“活像。。。”、“活生生的”等）解时，要用living。
如：The enemy officer was caught alive.(作主语补足语，不用living）
那位敌方军官被活捉了。
We found the snake alive.(作宾语补足语，不用living）
He is the living image of his father.(比喻义，不用alive）
他活象他父亲。
⑷只有living前加the方可表示“活着的人”，作主语时，视作复数。
如：The living are more important to us than the dead.
活着的人对我们来说比死去的人更重要。
篇10：领导演讲稿格式精析
各位领导、各位同事、同志们：
值此新春佳节来临之际，我谨代表×××，向在坐的各位，并通过你们向关心支持建设管理工作的社会各界人士，向默默耕耘、无私奉献在一线的建设系统全体干部职工拜年，衷心祝福你们在新的一年里，身体健康，工作顺利，合家欢乐，万事如意！
回顾成绩，令人振奋。××年，×××市（……取得的好成绩），城市基础设施现代化水平不断提高，城市人居环境日益改善。骄人的成绩，饱含着你们辛勤的劳动和汗水，是你们与时俱进、奋发有为精神风貌的体现，是你们兢兢业业、齐心协力、挑战困难、扎实工作的结果，你们辛苦了！借此机会，向你们表示衷心的感谢和崇高的敬意！
展望未来，催人奋进。××年，市政府提出了城市建设与管理“三化两改一加快”的工作目标，要求我们突出城市绿化、道路黑化和市容洁化工作，实施旧城改造和污水改造工程，加快国家园林城市和卫生城市的创建步伐。新的征程，新的目标，新的挑战，等待我们去努力，去拼搏，去开拓。
最后我提议，让我们为了建设和管理事业更加繁荣昌盛，为了各位的身体健康，为了建设系统全体干部职工的幸福——干杯！
篇11：responsible词汇精析
承担责任：responsible词汇精析
Sooner or later the time comes when we all must become responsible adults, and learn to give up what we want, so we can choose to do what is right. Of course, a life time of responsibility isn't always easy.
——Desperate Wives
早晚我们都会成为负有责任的大人，学会为了正确的选择而放弃一些事。当然，想要负起毕生的责任并非易事。
——《绝望主妇》
一、下面我们来看看responsible有几种含义
adj.
1.负有责任的
He still felt responsible for her death.
他依然觉得对她的死负有责任。
2.尽责的，负责的，可靠的
Our teacher is a very responsible person.
我们的老师是一个尽责的人。
二、你知道responsible和哪些词更搭吗?
responsible for
1.为...负责 2.是...的原由
要表达“负责”，不要老是说responsible for，老外真的听烦了
工作过的同学都知道，负责任真的是一种难能可贵的品质。一件事情，你做到一半，发现有难度了，就撒手不管，这就是不负责任的行为，不会得到企业的青睐。相反，兢兢业业，认真负责的人，都会有不错的发展。
要表达“负责任”我们会怎么说?相信99%的英语爱好者会说be responsible for sth，这个表达当然是实用的，经得起考验的，但是笔者进去外企之后，发现外国客户还有同事很少用这个表达，他们真的听烦了。那么，他们都用哪些呢?我们得好好学习一番。
第一个表达：in charge of sth 负责某事。短语take charge of 也可以表示“负责”，也可以表示“掌管”。
Who is in charge of production?
谁负责生产?
You are in charge of the job. How could you evade the issue?
你是负责人，你怎么能对这个问题不置可否?
He took charge of the farm after his father's death.
他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。
第二个表达：take care of sth 负责某事。我们的认知当中，take care of 只有“照顾”的意思，实际上也有“负责”含义。
I'm the one who took on the job, so let me take care of it.
这事是我应下来的，由我负责吧。
第三个表达：look after sth 负责某事。我们的认知当中，同样认为look after 是“照顾小孩”，而不知道有“负责”的意思。
Mr. Paul looks after marketing.
保罗现在负责营销。
第四个表达：take (on) responsibility for sth 为某事负责任。单词responsibility就是“责任”的含义。
Don ' t take on responsibility that you cannot handle
不要承担你所无法承担的责任。
I'm sorry, but we can't take on any responsibility for every kind of mishap.
很抱歉，对任何不幸，我们不能承担任何责任。
第五个表达：be accountable for sth 对某事负责任。单词accountable表示“负有责任的”。
We have to be accountable for our actions.
我们不得不对我们的行动负责。
You have to be accountable for your actions even when things go wrong.
就算出了差错，你也得对自己的行为负责。
大家也看到了，要表达“对.负责”的时候，完全可以灵活一点，不要局限于be responsible for，多掌握这样的表达，会成为你自如运用英语的资本，今天的内容大家要好好复习一下。
Responsible Metrics | 负责任计量
今年2月初，《关于规范高等学校SCI论文相关指标使用 树立正确评价导向的若干意见》这一通知的发布，再次将学术评价体系这一话题推向热议，近年来，关于科学评价体系应当如何改进一直是科学计量领域关注的话题之一。今天，我们围绕Ludo Waltman的博文“Responsible metrics_ One size doesn't fit all” (www.cwts.nl/blog?article=n-r2s294)向大家介绍负责任的科研评价的具体思路。
Ludo Waltman是荷兰莱顿大学(Leiden University)定量科学研究方向教授，科学技术研究中心(Centre for Science and Technology Studies, CWTS)副主任。他是科学计量可视化VOSviewer软件的联合开发者，也是《Leiden Manifesto》(《莱顿宣言》)的作者之一。他的博客《Responsible metrics_ One size doesn't fit all》以负责任的科学计量学(Responsible metrics)为核心论题，提出了合理负责地进行科学计量与科研评价的思路。
一、背景信息
近年来，关于“负责任的计量”(Responsible metrics)频频被科学计量学界提起，如《旧金山宣言》(San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment)、《莱顿宣言》(Leiden Manifesto)和《潮汐报告》(Metric Tide report.)，这些声明都提出了在研究评估中负责任地使用科学计量学的一些原则，并被广泛地讨论，启发制定了一些使用科学计量学的指导方针。我们应该注意区分不同评估环境的重要性,认识到没有一种方法可以适用于所有的情况，有助于提高科学计量学负责任的使用。
二、不同的评价环境
Ludo Waltman提出，按不同环境区分为微观研究评价与宏观研究评价。
1) 微观层面(Micro)的研究评价：
对个体研究人员和研究群体进行深入评价
2) 宏观层面(Macro)的研究评价：
对整个研究机构(大学)和国家的评价
之所以将不同的评估环境区分为以上两个层面，是因为科学计量学指标与专家评估相结合的观点在负责任的科学计量学争论中起着关键作用(莱顿宣言、潮汐报告均有涉及)，而在微观与宏观层面上，科学计量指标和专家评估之间的关系有着根本的不同。
不同的原因很好理解，这一根本的不同是基于，专家是否能够直接参与微观/宏观层面的评估。
在微观层面，专家的同行评审是研究评估的推荐方法。专家有能力直接评估微观级别的研究单位(个体研究人员和研究小组)。科学计量指标可以对专家评审(同行评审)进行支持(补充证明)，这些指标总结了关于研究单位绩效的可能有用的信息。使用科学计量指标来支持专家评估有时被称为知情同行评审(informed peer review)
在宏观层面上，专家无法对整个研究单位(如一个大学或一个国家)进行深入的评估。因为没有一个评估者(专家)能够对一个机构或者一个国家的所有研究活动进行全面的了解，更不用说进行深入的评估(这需要专业知识)。因此，在宏观层面，专家评价的价值在于结合不同的信息来提供宏观层面研究工作的全貌(big picture)。需要依据有关研究单位业绩的总和信息的指标，专家以指标来看世界。
三、不同评估环境带来的影响
1. 复杂 VS 简单
Sophistication vs. Simplicity
复杂与简单的紧张关系在科学计量学领域存在已久，一方面，科学家花了很多精力来设计越来越复杂的指标，而另一方面，科学家也认为，指标应该尽量简单透明。这种紧张关系在《莱顿宣言》中体现得淋漓尽致，宣言一方面强调：“normalized indicators are required” to “account for variation by field in publication and citation practices”，另一方面又建议”analytical processes should be kept “open, transparent and simple”，而微观层面与宏观层面研究评价的区分，为解决这一矛盾提供了指导。
a) 宏观层面：侧重于复杂
宏观层面，专家依赖于指标看世界，显然，简单的指标不足以支撑测度一个大学或者一个国家科研水平的效度，因此，应该对指标进行标准化等一系列复杂操作，使用一种更加复杂的影响指标。
b) 微观层面：侧重于简单
微观层面，指标起到的作用是在专家评审的基础上的支持与辅助作用，指标本身并没有提供多少资料，而是使专家指出可能有关的资料。
复杂性在微观层面的指标制定上会存在问题，因为高度复杂的指标往往会变成黑匣子，很难理解指标的内部运作，当某一个指标高得惊人时，专家需要理解如何解释这个异常值，简单的指标能够让专家一目了然，而高度复杂的指标会使专家也产生疑惑。因此，微观层面，简单性更加重要。
2. 专业 VS 公民
Professional vs. Citizen Scientometrics
专业科学计量与公民科学计量是一个比较新的概念，它对应的是微观层面的研究评估和宏观层面的研究评估。
a) 宏观层面：公民科学计量学
公民科学计量，顾名思义，通常指大众对于科研成果的评估，他们常常忽略了专业科学计量学界中的知识积累，借助现成的指标或者工具，如被引次数、期刊影响因子等。在宏观评价中，由于公民科学计量学的易获得性、易使用性、易解读性，评估者常常使用的是公民科学计量学，公民科学计量学也应参考专业科学计量学的理念和原则。
b) 微观层面：专业科学计量学
微观层面对应的是专业科学计量学，这很好理解，正如前文所述，在微观层面，专家的同行评审是研究评估的推荐方法。专家有能力直接评估微观级别的研究单位(个体研究人员和研究小组)，因此，微观层面的科研评估是专业科学计量学。
3. 指标 VS 统计
Indicators vs. Statistics
此处的指标与统计，并非我们在中文中所理解的指标与统计的概念，而是作者为指标与统计分别下了新的定义，指标对应着复杂，统计对应着简单，与上文提到的复杂与简单，是一个承接对应的关系
a) 宏观层面：指标
Indicators aim to provide a proxy of an underlying concept. indicators have an unambiguous conceptual foundation and a high degree of validity
b) 微观层面：统计
Statistics are less ambitious and are not necessarily expected to represent a well-defined concept. They just offer a quantitative summary of a certain body of information.
五、总结
如何负责任地使用科学计量学取决于评估环境的性质，微观研究评估与宏观研究评估之间的区别可以说明这一点。在宏观一级需要复杂的指标，而在微观一级最好采用简单的指标。
当然，事情要比微观和宏观的区分复杂得多。有一个中观水平(例如，对大学内各系或学院的评估)，需要在微观和宏观水平的建议之间取得平衡。而且，在每个级别(即微观，中观或宏观)，不同类型的评估中都有相当大的异质性。此外，各个级别之间存在相互依赖性，一个级别的评估会影响其他级别的评估。
不同类型评估的更精细分类法可能导致对负责任使用科学计量学的建议的进一步区分。为了在负责任的指标辩论中取得进展，我们需要认识到没有一种模式能被套用在所有的环境中，具体问题具体分析。
你要承担责任 You Are Responsible
Today's quote'sentitled You Are Responsible.
今天的语录：你要承担责任。
You are always responsible for how you act, no matter how you feel.
无论你感觉如何，你都要对自己的行为负责。
Isn't that interesting? You know like sometimes we think, “Well, I feel this a certain way, therefor I act acertain way.” So, it's OK.
这有趣吗?你知道，有时候我们会这么想，“呃，我觉得应该这样，所以我以这种方式行事。”所以——理所当然。
You know you did something made me angry, so I'm yelling at you. And what's wrong with that? You deserve to be yelled at. Anyway I'm angry. So that what people do when they are angry the yell.
你知道你做了件让我生气的事，所以我对你大吼大叫。这有什么问题吗?你活该被骂。不管怎样，我很生气，所以当人们对遭受的喊叫感到愤怒时，这就是他们通常所做的。
So where we want to learn is some emotional control, we are learning mind control, we know weshould control the mind.
所以我们想要学习的是一些情绪控制，我们正在学习心意控制，我们知道自己应该控制心意。
man-manā bhava mad-bhakto……
心意恒常想着我，成为我的奉献者，顶拜我，崇拜我。全然专注于我，你必回归我。(BG 9.34)
Krishna says beginning in seven chapter, learn how to practice yoga with mind fixed on me.First verse of seven chapter, yes.
As so many versesis about the mind, and so many verses is about sense control. Right?
奎师那说，从第七章开始，学习如何练习瑜伽，心意专注于我。是的，第七章的第一节。
这么多的诗节是关于心意的，这么多的诗节是关于感官控制。对吗?
Focus as atortoise poses his limbs within his shell, like that .
像乌龟收摄在它的龟壳里，就像那样。
Lust can never besatisfied. so many verses in second chapter about controlling the mind,controlling the senses. It's through out of Gita, Bhagavad-gita, so much about mind and sense control,. What about emotional control?
色欲永远无法得到满足。在第二章里有很多关于控制心意、控制感官的诗节。《博伽梵歌》通篇有这么多涉及“心意与感官控制”的诗节。那么情绪控制呢?
Well, Prabhupada said emotions are subtle aspect of the mind. So if we're talking about mind control, that also includes emotional control.
Thinking, feeling and willing, so what are emotions? It's the feelings.
嗯，帕布帕德说情绪是心意的精微一面。因此如果我们谈到心意控制，这也包括情绪控制。
思考、感觉和意愿，那么什么是情绪?情绪就是情感。
It's when the thoughts turning to feelings, you called it emotions. You can have thoughts without feelings.
You can say, “That's a nice house.” and have no emotional response with it.
当想法转向情感时，你称之为情绪。你的想法可以不带有情感。
你可以说:“这房子不错。”并没有情绪反应。
Intellectually, you can understand it was built well, the nice colors, you look at it, you could look at it from an engineer's perspective and architect's perspective.
You could have absolutely no interest in the house and no one emotional relationship, it's just a thought.
从智力上来说，你可以理解它造得很好，颜色很美，你看着它，你可以从工程师的角度和建筑师的角度来看待它。
你对房子完全没有兴趣，也没有情感上的关系，这只是一个想法。
But if you see the house and you feel that's a beautiful house, I'd love to live in the house,like that beautiful color, beautiful design, and it's more emotional experience. Then the thought “that's a nice house.” becomes the feeling that's a nice house. So thinking, feeling and then willing. It's the last stage of the mind, “Well, I want to buy that house. I have to have the thouse, I'm going to go up to that or on a right now and say,‘ I have to buy your house.’”
但是如果你看到房子，你觉得那是一栋漂亮的房子，我愿意住在房子里，喜欢它美丽的颜色，漂亮的设计，还有更多的情感体验。然后，“这是一栋不错的房子”的想法成为这是一栋不错的房子的感觉。所以思考、感觉、然后意愿。这是心意的最后阶段：“嗯，我想买那栋房子。我必须要有那栋房子，我现在要立即去那里说，“我必须买你的房子。”
So emotional control, so don't think emotional control is not part of our philosophy,because it's not put in those terms like today you have emotional management,emotional intelligence.
所以情绪控制，所以不要认为情绪控制不是我们哲学的一部分，因为其中没有使用像我们今天所使用的情绪管理、情商这类术语。
But we have had it also. So, what is it?
Well, you do something that upsets me, now I feel upset.
But what will Ido? And what will I say?
That's emotional control.
但我们也有过这样的经历。所以，它是什么?
你做了件让我心烦的事，现在我感到心烦意乱。
但我该怎么办呢?我该怎么说呢?
这是情绪控制。
So just because I'm upset and just because you did the wrong thing, I'm not justified in acting.
Anyway that is in Krishna conscious.
Now, that sounds miserable, doesn't it?
Let's go back,what did I just say?
所以仅仅因为我心烦意乱，仅仅因为你做了错事，我没有理由去采取行动。
不管怎样，这是在奎师那知觉里。
听起来很痛苦，不是吗?
回过头看，我刚才说了些什么?
Justified in acting in a way, that's not Krishna conscious.
Is there any justification for acting in a way? that's not Krishna conscious.
Of course not.
Do we ever think solve consciously? That were justified.
以某种方式行事是合理的，这不是奎师那知觉。
有什么理由以某种方式行事?这不是奎师那知觉。
当然不是。
我们有没有想过有意识地去解决问题?那才是合乎情理的。
To act in ways which are Krishna conscious, I would say yes, I would say that's not uncommon.
To think I can actin a way, it's not Krishna conscious, if I have some rationale around.
Not smart, it's not right.
以奎师那知觉行事，我说是的、这并不罕见。
想想我可以某种方式行事，如果我找一些理由，那不是奎师那知觉。
不聪明，不恰当。
So that's the point of today's quote Don't ever think you can rationalize your way and acting in an non-Krishna conscious way; don't ever think you are not responsible for how you act.
所以这就是今天的语录：不要认为你可以用非奎师那知觉的方式来行事，并找出一些理由来解释你的行为方式，永远不要认为你不应该对你的行为负责。
Even if someone did something wrong, even if your emotionally surcharge, you can control youractions.
If you can't control your emotions, at least you can control your actions. And as you become more mature, more advance, more purified, you'll be able to better control your emotions.
即使有人做错了事，即使你的情绪上负担过重，你也可以控制你的行为。
如果你无法控制自己的情绪，至少你可以控制自己的行为。当你变得更成熟、更进步、更纯净，你就能更好地控制你的情绪。
So things which used to upset you won't upset you but still but this quote, today's talking about even if you are not in an emotional level, you feel like lashing out, youfeel like saying something, learn to control yourself, not rationalize it.well, he deserved it. Why did you do that? That wasn't Krishna conscious. Willhe deserve it?
Prabhu, whatverses is that?
所以过去的烦心事不会让你心烦意乱，但这个语录——今天我们的谈论的，即使你的情绪还不成熟，你想要痛骂，你想说些什么，学会控制自己，而不是让它理所当然：他活该，你为什么要这么做?——那不是奎师那知觉，值得吗?
帕布，这是什么诗节?
That's my joke.You can bar my joke.
If somebody saysor does something it's not Krishna conscious, just say, “Prabhu/Mataji, what verses is that? I haven't read that verse.”
You know he did something wrong therefore I can give him the hammer and knock them on their head.
这是我的玩笑，你可以阻止我开玩笑。
如果有人的言行不在奎师那知觉，就问他/她：“帕布/玛塔吉，那是什么诗节?我还没读过那首诗节。”
你知道他做错了什么，所以我可以给他锤子，敲他们的头。
So the speak “What verse is that? Is that in the 19th chapter of the Bhagavad-gita.?
Yeah, I think it's in the 19th chapter.
I joke with people, I think of a lot of us have a 19th chapter, because we do and saythings that are not in the first 18, so we have to write the 19th, that's our own chapter. Our own rationale for doing things, which aren't in the other 18chapters .
You get the point? Think about it, it's an interesting point.
所以说:“这是什么诗节?它在《博伽梵歌》的第19章吗?”
是的，我想是在第19章。
我和人开玩笑，我想我们很多人都有第19章，因为我们的言行都不在前18章里，所以我们不得不要写第19章，这是我们自己的章节。我们做事情的理论依据不在其他18章里。你明白了吗?想一下，这是一个有趣的观点。
篇12：Happen用法小结
作者：贾利民
生活中什么事都可能会“发生（happen）”。那么，你知道怎样使用happen这个词吗？下面我们就对happen的用法作一小结。
happen是不及物动词，它的用法常见的有如下几种情况：
1. 表示“某地（某时）发生了什么事”，常用“sth.+ happen +地点/时间”这一结构来表达，此时主语应是事情。例如：
The story happened in 2003. 这个故事发生在。
An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。
2. 表示“某人出了某事（常指不好的事）”，要用“sth.+ happen+to sb.”这一结构来表达。例如：
A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她发生了交通事故。
What happened to you? 你怎么啦？
3. 表示“某人碰巧做某事”，要用“sb.+ happen+ to do sth.”这一结构来表达。例如：
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday. 昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。
4. happen表示“碰巧或恰巧发生某事”时，还可用“It happens / happened that...”这一结构来表达。例如：
It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day. 碰巧那天布莱恩和彼得在家了。
It happened that he had to take part in a meeting that afternoon. 碰巧那天下午他不得不参加一个会议。
注：that从句中的主语是人时，此种结构可以与“sb.+ happen + to do sth.”结构互换。例如：
It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day. = Brian and Peter happened to be at home that day.
篇13：Usedto用法小结
情态动词used to在句子中的用法
一、Used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。如：
1.He told us he used to play football when he was young.
他告诉我们他年轻时经常踢足球。
2.I weigh less than I used to.
我的体重比以前轻了。
3.He is used to eating out all the time.
他已经习惯在外面吃饭了。
4.You'll get used to it.
你会习惯的。
5.Are you used to the food here?
你习惯吃这儿的饭菜吗?
6.I used to get up early and take an hour's walk before breakfast.
我过去常常起床很早并且在早餐前散步一小时。
7.Women used to think they were on the shelf at 30.
过去女人一到30岁就认为是过了结婚年龄。
8.Jack used to assist Mary in her lessons.
杰克过去常常帮助玛丽学习功课。
二、在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式：
1、疑问句
Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?
Used you to go to the same school as your brother?
2、否定句
I usedn't to go there.
I didn't use to go there.
3、否定疑问句
Usen't you to be interested in the theatre?
Didn't you use to be interested in the theatre?
4、强调句
I certainly used to smoke,but it was a long time ago.
I certainly did use to smoke,but it was a long time ago.
5、其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：
She used to be very fat,didn't she? (口语+常用)/ use(d)n't she? (正式+过时)
Did you use to play chess? Yes,I did.
Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes,I did. (Yes,I used to.)
Used to 用法小结
01 一、掌握used to的构成
used to+动词原形，其中to是不定式符号
02 二、掌握used to用法。
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事，它没有人称和数的变化。
其用法有三：
1. 表示过去存在而今不复存在的习惯行为或状态，意为：“过去常常”，其中to不定式符号，后接动词原形，表示今昔对比。如：
I used to walk to school, but now I am used to taking the school bus to school.
我过去常常走路上学，但现在我习惯坐校车上学。
2. used to 与there be 结构连用，表示“过去存在的状态”，而现在不存在此类状态了。如：
There used to be a lot of trees here.这里原来有许多树。(意味着现在没有了)
3. used to 与always， often， sometimes等频度副词连用时，并非表示现在的动作或现在的习惯，仍表示过去习惯、过去经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。如：
She used to write to her father with pens. 她过去经常用钢笔写信给她父亲。
03 三、掌握used to 的句子结构。
1. used to的肯定句结构
主语+used to+动词原形……如：
I used to go to the cinema, but I never have time now. 我过去经常去看电影，但现在没有时间了。
2. used to的否定句结构，其否定结构有两种形式。
⑴ 主语+did not use to+动词原形……，这种否定句型，就是把used当做实义动词来看，所以变否定句要用助动词did，是美式英语用法。如：
You used to drink. →You didn't use to drink.
② 主语+used not to+动词原形……，这种否定句是把used当做情态动词，变否定句直接在used后面加not即可，used not可以缩写成usedn't，是英式英语用法。如：
The shop used to open on Sung\\days.→ The shop usedn't to open on Sunday.
3. used to的一般疑问句结构，其一般疑问句有两种形式。
⑴ Did+主语+use to+动词原形……?这种一般疑问句，就是把used当做实义动词来看，所以变一般疑问句时要用助动词did，是美式英语用法。如：
I used to go swimming in the river when I was young.
→Did you use to go swimming in the river when you were young?
⑵ Used+主语+to+动词原形……?这种一般疑问句是把used当做情态动词，所以变一般疑问句时，直接把used提到句首，是英式英语用法。如：
He used to go to school by bike.→ Used he go to school by bike?
4. used to 的肯定和否定回答结构。
used to用于省略句时，肯定式保留to，否定式不保留to。如：
—— Used you play basketball? 你过去常打篮球吗?
——Yes, I used to.(No, I usedn't.) 是的，经常打。(不，不常打。)
5. used to的反意疑问句，其反意疑问句有两种形式。
⑴ 在附加疑问部分中借助于助动词did构成，这种反意疑问句，就是把used当做实义动词来看，所以变反意疑问句时要用助动词did，是美式英语用法。如：
She used to go to work by bus, didn’t she?
She didn’t use to do it, did she?
⑵ 在附加疑问部分中直接使用usedn’t。这种反意疑问句是把used当做情态动词，所以变反意疑问句时，直接用used，是英式英语用法。如：There used to be a bookshop here, usedn’t there?
6. used to通常不能与表示次数(如twice, three times 等)或一段时间(如three months, five years等)的词连用。如： 我去过巴黎3次。
正：I went to Paris three times. 误：I used to go to Paris three times
04四、掌握易混词组拓展辨析。
used to do sth.; be used to doing sth.; be used to do sth.; be used for doing sth.; be used as sth. be used by sb.
1. used to do sth. 意为“过去经常做某事”，其中的to是不定式符号，而不是介词，所以其后只接动词原形，不能接动名词。如：
He used to live in Paris. 他过去一直住在巴黎。
2. be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯于做某事”，其中的to是介词，所以其后要接名词或动名词，不能接动词原形;若要强调从不习惯到习惯的过程，用get, become 等代替动词be。如：
He is used to looking after himself. 他已习惯于自己照顾自己。
3. be used to do sth. 意思是“被用来做某事”，其中to是不定式符号，所以其后要接动词原形，等于be used for doing sth.。如：
Knives are used to cut things.=Knives are used for cutting things.小刀是用来切东西的。
4. be used as sth. 意思是“被作为……用”。如：
This book can be used as a text book. 这本书可以被当作课本用。 。
5. be used by sb. 意思是“被某人使用”。如：
The machine is used by workers. 这台机器是工人们使用的。
English is used by people in many countries. 英语被许多国家的人使用。
05 五、掌握used to与would的不同用法
1. 两者都表示过去的习惯，当表示过去习惯性的动作时，可互换。如： When we were children we would [used to] go skating every winter. 我们小时候，每年冬天都去溜冰。
2. 若表示过去持续的状态，通常只用used to，不用would。如：
He used to like you. 他原来还是喜欢你的。
He is not what he used to be. 他已不是从前的他了。
3. 若要强调过去与现在的对比，也通常只用used to。如：
I don’t smoke these days, but I used to. 我现在不抽烟，但我以前是抽的。
I used to drive to work, but now I cycle. 过去我常驾车上班，但我现在骑自行车 。
即时练习：
( )1. People___ think that the sun goes round the earth.
A.would B. are used to C. used to D. are used
( )2. There ________ a lot of birds in this area.
A. was used to be B. used to C. used to be D. used to have
( )3. She used to ______ with her parents, but now she is used to ______ with her classmates at school.
A.live; living B. live; live C. living; live D. living; living
( )4. Unlike Chinese, Americans their meals with knives and forks.
A.used to taking B. are used to taking C. used to take D. are used to take
( ) 5. I think that this grammar book can ______ a textbook.
A. be used by B. be used for C. be used as D. be used to
五分钟搞懂used to的用法区分
基本用法
used to意为“过去常常，过去是”，其后跟动词原形，表示过去存在的某种状态或过去某种经常性、习惯性的行为或动作，并意味着这种情况目前已不复存在，侧重于过去与现在的对比。used无人称和时态的变化。
We used to go there every year.
我们以往每年都去那里。
I used to get up at six in the morning ,but I usually get up at half past five now.
我过去常常早上六点起床，但是现在我通常五点半起床。
Tina is not what she used to be .
蒂娜已经不再是过去的她了。
The old man used to be an excellent player.
那位老人曾是一名出色的运动员。
否定句式
used to 的否定形式是didn't use to 或used not to ,后者可缩写成usedn't to ,在口语中常用didn't use to 进行否定。
She didn't use to /used not to /usedn't to play computer games .
她过去不常玩电脑游戏。
一般疑问句式
used to 变一般疑问句可以用Did sb.use to ...?或Used sb. to ...?
Did you use to /Used you to play football?
你以前经常踢足球吗?
Didn't your uncle use to /Usedn't your uncle to live in Beijing?
你叔叔过去不是一直住在北京吗?
反意疑问句
used to 在变反意疑问句时，它的附加问句部分可以用didn't 或usedn't .
Martin used to go out for a walk after supper,didn't /usedn't he?
马丁过去常常晚饭后出去散步，是不是?
Yes ,he did ./Yes ,he used to .
是的，他过去是这样。
No,he didn't ./No, he usedn't to .
不是，他过去不是这样。
英语中的【used to】和【 use to】用法的区别在哪里呢?
used to和be used to的用法与区别
be used to为被动语态。意为“被用来……”，为动词不定式符号，其后跟动词原形。例如：
①Golden trumpets are used to express public opinion here.
这儿金喇叭是用来表达公共舆论的。
②Bamboo can be used to carry water.竹子可用来输水。
【注意】若“used to”后接动词原形，意思是“过去常常”，表示过去经常发生的动作(或存在的状态)现在已不再发生(或存在)了。
例如：
①People used to think the sun travelled round the earth.人们过去曾经认为太阳绕地球转动。(暗指人们现在并不这样认为了。)
used to的否定式可用didn't use to,或used not to
(缩写为usedn't to或usen't to读音为['ju:snt]。
若“be used to+名词或v-ing”意思是“习惯于”。试比较：
①He used to walk to school.他过去总是步行到校。
②He is used to walking to school. 他现在习惯于步行上学了。
值得注意的是：
1)used to只用于过去时，不能用于别的时态;be used to则可用于各种时态。例如：
①He is (was, will be, has been, etc.) used to walking to school.
2)be used to 中的be可以用 get, become, grow代替，用这些动词构成的动词词组表示由不习惯到习惯的过程。例如：
①You'll soon get used to the life in the countryside.
你很快就会习惯乡下的生活的。
Used to 用法小结
篇14：as的用法小结
as可以作连词、介词及关系代词。现将其用法小结如下:
一、as作连词的用法:
1. 作“当……的时候”,引导时间状语从句。注意与when、while的用法区别。
① when作“当……的时候”解,可以指较短的(一点)时间,也可指一段时间。如:
When he was at college, he could speak several foreign languages. (表示一段时间)
When the clock struck twelve, all the lights in the street went out. (表示时刻)
② while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程,强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词同时发生。如:
Work while you work. Play while you play.
③ 但属下列情形时,只用as, 而不用when或while。
A) 用于表示同一个人的两种动作交替进行,指“一边……,一边……”。如:
The girl dances as she sings on the stage.
He looked behind from time to time// as he went forward.
B)表示两个同步发展的动作或行为,译为“随着……”。如:
As time went on / by, she became more and more worried.
As children get older, they become more and more interested in the things around them.
C)表示两个短促行为或事件几乎同时发生。如:
I thought of it //just as you opened your mouth.
Just as the flying worm hit her face, she gave a loud cry.
D) 后接名词表示某一年龄段时,用as。如:
As a young man, he was active in sports.
2. as=since, 作“既然”、“由于”解,引导原因状语从句,常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或理由。如:
As / Since you're not feeling well, you may stay at home.
As he wasn't ready in time, we went without him.
3. as=in the way that, 作“像”、“按照……的方式”解,引导方式状语从句。如:
He speaks English as Americans do.
Remember, you must do everything as I do.
4. 用于as...as...或not so/ as...as...中,前一个as是副词(副词后面跟形容词、动词、副词),后一个as是连词(连词后面可以跟动词、形容词、句子),引导比较状语从句。如:
They helped the old man as often as possible.
I don't speak English so/ as well as he does.
5. 作“虽然”、“尽管”解,引导让步状语从句。常用倒装语序,即adj. /adv. / n.+ as +主语+谓语+主句。如:
Tired as they were, they walked on.
Child as he is, he knows a lot. (child前不用冠词)
二、as作关系代词,引导定语从句,作“正如”、“这一点”解。如:
He is very careful, as his work shows.
As is well-known, Taiwan belongs to China.
另外,当先行词被the same, such等词修饰时,常用as来引导定语从句。如:
Such a clever boy as he can learn anything quickly.
I was reading the same book as he bought yesterday.
三、as作介词的用法:
as引导的介词短语大多用作状语,as译为“作为”;少数情况可引起宾语补足语。如:
As a League member, I'll take the lead in everything. (状语)
She works as a doctor. (状语)
They have me as one of their own children.(引起宾语补足语)
【英语】分析长难句必备语法点：as用法总结
as主要词性
as 主要有两种词性，分别为介词和连词，并且出现在as...as...这样的固定结构中。as作为介词时，常与一些动词搭配使用，比如view... as... (把……当作)，regard... as...(把……当作) refer to...as...(把……称作) ，use...as (把……用作)。
真题例如：Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. (Text 3)
这里的as结构是view... as... ，view的宾语是关系代词which，它指代前面的先行词stock-market swings，这句话翻译为：许多消费者已经受到股票市场波动的影响，而投资者们正在将这些波动视为经济长期繁荣必要因素。
as作为连词词性时，可以引导各类从句。
as 引导定语从句
as引导定语从句时，既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。as引导限制性定语从句可见于such...as结构中，可代替先行词或物的名词。如Let’s discuss only such problems as concern us.让我们只讨论与我们有关的问题。as还可引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，对其进行说明。如As might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed. As代替后面的主句，在从句中做主语。正如所料，人们对于这个问题的观点不一。
as引导让步状语从句
as引导让步状语从句, 此时相当于although，意思是虽然，尽管。as引导的让步状语从句一律采取倒装形式。如Angry as he was, he couldn’t help smiling.尽管他很生气，但他还是忍不住笑了。
真题例句：Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history-and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.(Text 1)
前半句话是由as引导的让步状语从句，是部分倒装结构，正常语序为as they claim to be symbolic of national unity，修饰主句。
译文：尽管他们宣称自己代表着国家统一，但是正是他们以往的历史以及现在有时的行为方式体现了已经过时的、站不住脚的特权和不公平。
as引导时间状语从句
as引导时间状语从句，可以翻译成“当……时候;随着……”如He gets more attractive as he gets older. 随着年龄的增长，他变得愈发有魅力。
真题例句：
Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change.(Text 3)
译文：现如今这种空想的美好社会已经过时了，我们对面临的威胁范围有了更深刻的认识，从彗星撞击到流行感冒，再到气候变化。
as引导原因状语从句
as引导原因状语从句，表示的是双方都知道的原因。可翻译成既然，由于。如As it was getting late, I decided to book into a hotel.因为天色已晚，我决定找间饭店投宿。
as引导的方式状语从句
as表示按照，以……方式，像……一样，正如。如Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs as directed.这里的as是以……方式，按照。这句话翻译为仔细的调查表明，多达50%的病人未按规定服药。
as引导的比较状语从句
as引导比较状语从句，其基本结构是as…as。前一个as是副词，后一个as是比较状语从句的连词。如It’s not as good as it used to be.这个不如以前的好。
高中英语语法知识点：as...as...用法小结
篇15：as的用法小结
(1)...as+形容词(副词)原级+as...;not as/so+形容词(副词)原级+as...
Their factory is as large as ours.他们的工厂和我们的一样大。
I study as hard as you.我和你一样用功学习。
He doesn’t get up as/ so early as his parents.他不像他父母那样早起床。
(2)……倍数+ as + 形容词(副词)原级+as...
Line AB is 3 times as long as Line CD.=Line AB is twice longer than/3 times the length of Line CD.线段AB是线段CD长的3倍。
(3)as + 形容词+ a/an + 单数可数名词+ as; as + 形容词+复数名词+ as
She is as good many records as possible.我们需要尽量多的唱片。
There is as much sugar in it as eight pieces of sugar.其中的含糖量相当于八块方糖。
I have’t got as much money as I thought.我没有原来想象的那么多钱。
(4)as/so long as 只要;如果
You may use that dictionary as long as you take care of it.只要你好好保存，你可以用那本词典。
as a matter of fact=in fact事实上、实际上……
It seems easy,but as a matter of fact,it’ll take us a long time to work it out.
这道题貌似简单，实际上要解出的话很费时间。
(5)as much/ many as多达……，……那么多
On Sports Day, during the relay race, you will use most of all, perhaps as much as 650 calories an hour.在运动会上，进行接力赛跑时，你消耗的能量最多，可能每小时多达650卡。
As many as 700 different languages are spoken in Africa.非洲有多达700种不同的语言。
He didn’t catch as many as he’d hoped.他没有捉住预想的那么多。
(6)as...as possible; as... as one can
The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as he can. =The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as possible.老师在黑板上应尽可能仔细地把字写好。
Please be as friendly as possible to your friends.=Please be as friendly as you can.请对你的朋友尽可能友好。
(7)as...as + 年代数字/名词
As early as 1950 I knew him.早在1950 年我就认识他了。
He walked as far as the post office.他步行到邮局。
(8)as/so far as I know
As/ So for as I know, he will be away from home for 3 months.就我所知，他将要离家3个月。
(9)as soon as—……就……
Please let us know as soon as you arrive in Bejing.一到北京，请通知我们一声。
(10)as well as 和;也;还有
He gave me money as well as advice.他除了给我忠告外，还给我钱。
He studies French as well as English.他不但学习英语，而且学习法语。
区别下列用法
1)as(so)far as 和……一样远，远至(原级比较或表示距离);就……来讲
2)as(so)long as 和……一样长(原级比较);只要(引导条件状语从句)
3)as well as和……一样好;既……也……(连接并列成分)
4)as good as和……一样好;事实上(作状语)
as if可用as though替换，在此引导表语从句，另外它们也可引导状语从句，从句既可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。如：
①It looks as if /though it’s going to rain.(陈述语气)
②You look as if you’d seen a ghost.(虚拟语气)
as is the case with = as with ……就和……的情况一样
As is the case with his mother, he is fond of music. 跟母亲一样，他喜欢音乐。
As with human, animals also love their babies. 同人一样，动物也爱它们的幼仔。
as good as
as good as 作为固定词组意为“几乎一样”，“实际上等于”，作为同级比较结构，意为“和……一样好”。如：
①He is as good at English as me.②My bike is as good as yours.
…as it is
该固定词组表达意思是“就以(现在)这个样子，”“根据现在的情况”。
如：He decided to buy the house as it is.
as long as/so long as只要
(1)引导条件状语从句
You may borrow the book as / so long as you keep it clean. 只要你不把书弄脏，你就可以借。
You will succeed so long as you work hard. 只要你努力就会成功。
As long as you study hard, you’ll make great progress. 只要你努力学习，你就会取得很大进步。
(2)和……一样长
This rope is as long as that one.这条绳子和那条一样长。
This bridge isn’t so/as long as that one.这座桥和那座不一样长。
(3)长达……(表时间)
The old couple have been living in the small town as long as 50 years.这对老夫妇已在这个小城镇里住了长达50年。
as well/ as well as
as well 表示“也”，是副词短语，用作状语，通常放在句末，也可放在主语之后，相当于too,但一般无标点符号与句子隔开.as well as 通常看作一个复合并列连词,连接两个成分相同的词、短语或句子，表示“既……又……，不但……而且……”当它连接两个主语时，谓语动词的人称和数要与第一个主语保持一致。如：
The children learn to read, write and they play games as well.孩子们学习读书写字，他们也做游戏。
With television,we can see a picture as well as hear sound.利用电视,我们既能听到声音,又能看到图像.
Tom,as well as his parents,likes pop music.汤姆以及他的父母都喜欢流行音乐。
不起眼单词的超大用途，as的用法全解析
、介词as
1.好像
They entered the building disguised as cleaners.
他们伪装成清洁工进入了大楼。
2.作为;当作
I respect him as a writer and as a man.
我尊重他这位作家，也尊重他这个人。
二、副词as
1.与……等同;和……一样。用于句型as……as，
This dress is twice as expensive as that.
这件裙子比那件贵一倍。
He recited as much of the poem as he could remember.
他把诗中记得住的都背了出来。
2.像;如
As before he remained unmoved.
他像往常一样无动于衷。
三、连词as
1.在……期间;当……时
As he grew older, he lost interest in everything, except gardening.
随着年纪越来越大，他对一切都失去了兴趣，除了园艺。
2.因为
As he's been ill perhaps she;ll need some help.
她由于生病可能需要些帮助。
3.尽管;虽然
Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow.
我虽然还小，可是对想要从事的职业早已胸有成竹了。
4.以……的方式;按照
Why didn't you catch the last bus as I told you to?
你怎么不听我的话赶上末班车呢?
5.为……之事实;正如
Cyprus, as you know, is an island in the Mediterranean.
如你所知，塞浦路斯是地中海的一个岛国。
6.也一样(通常后接be或do+主语)
He's a doctor, as was his wife before she had children.
他是医生，他妻子生孩子之前也当过医生。
四、固定搭配
1.as for sb.至于
As for the hotel, it was very uncomfortable and miles from the sea.
至于旅馆呢，非常不舒服，而且离海边还远。
2.as to sb./ sth.至于
As to correcting our homework, the teacher always makes us do it ourselves.
谈到批改我们的作业，老师总是让我们自己改。
3.as if / though 似乎;好像
He behaved as if nothing had happened.
他装作若无其事的样子。
4.as it is 照现状看;看样子
We were hoping to have a holiday next week, as it is, we may not be able to get away.
我们原本盼望着下周放假，看样子走不了了。
五、辨析
1.when / while / as
三者都可以引导时间状语从句，翻译成“当……时”。大多数情况下都可以互换。when没有具体要求，时间点和时间段都可以;while只能用于时间段;as更多了一个“随着”的意思，可以表达“一边……一边……”。
When my mother came into the house, she found me lying there awake.
当妈妈走进家门时，发现我正在那睁着眼躺着。
While we were talking happily, the teacher came in.
我们正谈着开心，老师走了进来。
The little girl sang as she went.
这个小女孩边走边唱。
2.because / for / since / as
这几个都接从句，表示因为，具体区别可以参照之前的文章提到“因为”只知道because?盘点其他不熟悉的表达方式，助力写作
3.although / as
这两个都可以引导让步状语从句，但是as要进行倒装。
Although he is young, he knows a lot.
=Young as he is, he knows a lot.
虽然他很小，但是他知道的很多。
4.as for / as to
两者都可以表示“至于”。as for 更倾向于比较性，两者有一定的对比。有时可以包含说话人的一种轻蔑、冷淡、不屑、甚至是厌恶之感;as to更倾向于客观陈述，谈话的内容大家都有所了解。
You can have a bed; as for him, he'll have to sleep on the floor.
你可以有张床，至于他嘛，打地铺去吧。
As to your ability to overfulfil the target, I never had the slightest doubt.
关于你超额完成目标的能力，我从未怀疑过。
好了，今天就先聊这些吧，现在终于是把as完全弄清楚了。
篇16：percent用法小结
percent
英 [p??s?nt] 美 [p?r?s?nt]
CET4 TEM4 考 研
n.百分之…;百分数; 百分之一
adj.百分之...的
adv.百分之 ...
复数：percent
词根词缀
词根 cent=centi
1. =hundred,表示“百, 百分之一”;
2. =sing/song,表示“唱,歌”
前缀 per-表示“每”，“每一”
per 每 + cent 一百 → 一百中的每部分 → 百分之…
同根词
centenarian n百岁老人
cent 一百 + en〔= enn 年〕+ arian 表人 → 百岁老人
centennial adj. 百年纪念的
cent 一百 + enn 年 + ial …的 → 百年〔纪念〕的
centimeter n. 厘米
centi 一百 + meter 一米 → 百分之一米 → 厘米
century n. 一世纪，一百年
cent 一百 + ury → 一世纪，一百年
percentage n. 百分率
percent 百分之…，百分比 + age 表示抽象名词 → 百分率
词义用法
percent 是可数名词,但通常用单数形式,它的基本意思是“百分之…”,非正式英语中可指“百分率”“百分比”,常用符号%表示。与数词连用时,数词应置于percent之前。
常用搭配
increment percent 增量百分率
one percent phr. 百分之一
volume percent 容量百分比，体积百分比
percent error 百分误差
percent recovery 回收率
percent symbol 百分比符号
酒店用例
There is a 15 percent reduction for drinks.
饮料打八五折。
——用于向客人介绍促销活动时
Your bill totals $1000 including 10 percent service charge. 您的账单共计1000美元，包括10%的服务费。
——用于
I agree with you one hundred percent.
我百分之百地同意你的意见。
——用于与客人聊天时
百分比?percent、per cent、percentage
先从释义和例句，直观地看看这三个词是什么意思?
1、percent
n. 百分之…
The net income per head rose by about 16 percent in the past three years.
在过去的三年里每人的净收入增长了大约 16%。
There is a Green party but it only scored about 10 percent in the vote.
虽然有一个绿党，但在选举中该党只得到了大约 10% 的选票。
2、per cent
20 to 40 per cent of the voters are undecided.
20% 到 40% 的选民还犹豫不决。
We aim to increase sales by 10 per cent.
我们的目标是将销售额提高10%。
3、percentage
n. 百分率;百分比
A high percentage of the female staff are part-time workers.
女职员中，兼职工作的人占很高的比例。
What percentage of the population is/are overweight?
身体超重的人占人口多大的百分比?
现在进行区分：
(1)从词义和用法上，percent 和 per cent 完全相同。 英国习惯用per cent，而美国习惯用 percent。
现在来区分 percent 和 percentage：
(2)从用法上，percent 是跟在 数字 后面的，意思上是代替 %(单位)。
如 16 percent 对应的中文是16 %。
而 percentage 不能 和数字一起用。 意思上是表示 百分比。 常用的用法是：(the / a percentage of sth)(一个东西的百分比) 对应什么变化、是多少。
可以说 a small percentage 或 a large percentage，形容百分比大小，但是就是不能跟数字一起用。
篇17：asif用法小结
as if 用法
一、as if 从句的作用
1. 在look, seem 等系动词后引导表语从句。
如：
She looks as if she were ten years younger.
她看起来好像年轻了十岁。
It seems as if our team is going to win.
看来我们队要胜了。
2. 引导方式状语从句。
如：
She loves the boy as if she were his mother.
她爱这男孩，就好像她是他的母亲一样。
The child talked to us as if he was a grown up.
那孩子跟我们谈起话来，像个成年人似的。
二、as if 还可用于省略句中如果as if 引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
如：
He acts as if (he was) a fool.
他做事像个傻子。
Tom raised his hands as if (he was going) to say something.
汤姆举起手好像要说什么。
She left the room hurriedly as if (she was)angry.
她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子。
三、as if 从句的语气及时态
1. as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。 当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。
如：
It sounds as if it is raining.
听起来像是在下雨。
He talks as if he is drunk.
从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。
2.as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。 当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：
(1)如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。
如：
You look as if you didn’ t care.
你看上去好像并不在乎。
He talks as if he knew where she was.
他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。
(2)从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。
如：
He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。
The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone.
那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的。
(3)从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
如：
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
It looks as if it might snow.
看来好像要下雪了。
语法学习：as if虚拟语气的用法
as if虚拟语气的用法
有时用虚拟语气，若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时;若表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时;表示将来的可能性不大，用would (might, could)+动词原形。
(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：
例：It looks as if we'll be late.
我们似乎要迟到了。
This meat tastes as if it has already gone bad. 这
肉吃起来似乎已经坏了。
在现代英语中，有时即使从句内容不是事实，也可能用陈述语气：
例：
I feel as if [as though] I'm floating on air.
他感到好像漂浮在空中。
The stuffed dog barked as if it is [were, was] a real one.
玩具狗叫起来像真狗。
(2) 注意 It isn't as if…的翻译：
例：
It isn't as if he were poor.
他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。
It isn't as if you were going away for good.
又不是你离开不回来了。
【每日单词】语法As if and As though的用法
as is/though + subject + present/past verb
as is/though + subject + past verb with present meanning
1. As if and as though mean the same
we use them to say what a situation seems like.
a. It looks as if/though it's going to rain.
b. I felt as if/ though I was dying.
2. We can use a past tense with a present meaning after as if/though. This means that the idea is 'unreal'.
compare:
a. He looks as if he's rich.(Perhaps he is rich.)
b. She talks as if she was rich. (But she isn't.)
We can use weere instead of was when we express 'unreal' ideas after as if/though. This is common in a formal style.
a. She talks as if she were rich.
英语口语常用句型|I feel as if
Like is often used instead of as if/though, especially in American English. This is very informal.
a. It looks like it's going to rain.
第四十五课
I feel as if...
我觉得好像······
用法透视
这个句型的含义与“I feel...”相同，但要注意“as if”后的从句中多用虚拟语气。
支持范例
1. I feel as if my head were bursting.
我觉得头好像要炸开了。
2. I felt as if I had lost the most precious thing forever.
我觉得好像永远地失去了最珍贵的东西。
3. I feel as if I had waken from a nightmare.
我觉得好像刚从噩梦中醒来。
会话记忆
A: Why are you so crazy about bird-watching? What do you get out of it?
你为什么对赏鸟那么喜爱?你能从中得到什么?
B: Looking at the beautiful creatures and listening to their songs are such wonderful experiences. I feel as if I'm in direct contact with nature.
观赏这些美丽的生物，聆听它们的歌唱是极美妙的经历。我觉得就像与大自然直接接触。
A: Really?
真的吗?
B: You bet. You should try it yourself.
当然。你应该亲自体验一下。
虚拟语气as if...were, but for 用法
英文中的as if … were, but for 都可以用在虚拟语气中。今天北鼎教育和大家温习一下它们的用法。童鞋们可以看一下例句，学会使用这两个结构造句。
…but for his alertness, he must have been smashed beneath it.
…but the muck suckedviciously at his foot as if it were a giant leech.
Ifthis were France, all the country would bein bloody revolution by twenty-four hours.
1. 如果我遇到他那样的情况，但愿我能做同样的事。
I wish I could do the same thing if Iwere under his circumstances.
2. 要不是有来自太阳的热量，地球早就冻成冰球了。
But for the heat fromthe sun, the earth would have been a frozen ball.
3. 令他父母感到惊讶的是，那男孩像喝橙汁一样把药汤喝了下去。
Much to his parents’surprise, the boy took the liquid medicine as if it were orange juice.
4. 我要是个小伙子，上个月我就参加那次登山活动了。
If I were a young man,I would have gone on the mountaineering expedition last month.
5. 要不是没完没了的电话打扰，他已经写完报告了。
But for theinterruption of endless phone calls, he would have completed the report.
6. 头等奖获得者从我们身边走过，头抬得高高的，好像她从来就不认识我们似的。
The first-prize winnerwalked past us, with her head held high, as if she had never known us.
7. 这事要是公布于众，执政党的名誉就会严重受损。
The governing/rulingparty’s reputation would be seriously damaged if this were ever made public.
8. 这些年来，那位护士总是很细心地照顾年轻患者，好像他们是自己的孩子一样。
Throughout the years,the nurse has always treated young patients very carefully as if they were herown children.
9. 要不是你的那篇文章，我根本不会知道世上还有如此宁静、风景如画的村庄。
I would not know thereexists such a quiet and picturesque village but for your article.
10. 天亮之前，地震发生了，全城都在摇晃，就像被捏在一个巨大的拳头中。
Before dawn anearthquake struck and the entire city seemed to shake as if (it were) in thegrip of a giant fist.
as if 用法小结
篇18：percent用法小结
percent的用法1：percent是可数名词,但通常用单数形式,它的基本意思是“百分之…”,非正式英语中可指“百分率”“百分比”,常用符号%表示。与数词连用时,数词应置于percent之前。
percent的用法2：在英式英语中, percent的复数形式可表示“有特定利率的证券”“利率为…厘的债券〔公债〕”等。
percent的用法3：percent of...作主语时, of后如为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式; 如为可数名词复数形式,则谓语动词用复数形式。
percent的用法4：increase the rate from three to five percent有两种含义:一是指现在为3%,将来增加到5%; 另一种含义是指3%到5%之间的任何一个百分数。为避免误解,前者最好写成from 3% to 5%; 后者最好写成by 3—5%。
percent的用法5：表示“百分比”有两种方式:per cent和percent,前者是英式英语的拼法,后者是美式英语的拼法。
★ 学年小结
★ 年终小结
★ 年终小结范文
face的用法精析小结（合集18篇）
