【导语】“fudaosheng”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了9篇阅读理解：近视与阅读的复杂关系，以下是小编收集整理后的阅读理解：近视与阅读的复杂关系，仅供参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
- 目录
篇1：阅读理解：近视与阅读的复杂关系
近视是一种颇为神秘的现象，科学家们还不能确切地说出造成近视的原因。有关的遗传学研究表明，在近视比较严重的家庭里，近视确实能够遗传，可是谁都搞不清楚内在的原因。最近，美国眼科医生道格拉斯弗雷德里克又重新提出丹麦眼科医生恩斯特戈德史密特早在1990年就提出的理论：过早阅读容易变成近视眼。
戈德史密特医生对近视问题作过全面的研究。他举过这样一个例子：芬兰北部的拉普人20世纪50年代的时候还生活在远离现代文明的纯朴环境中。他们捕鱼狩猎，只有在织补渔网和吃鱼的时候才会近距离地看某个物体，眼睛不需要经常地调节焦距，因而不易疲劳。那时候，芬兰北部的近视率只有1%。后来，拉普人的孩子开始读书写字，到1982年的时候，这一地区的近视率已经上升到12%。这就是戈德史密特医生最早提出的阅读使人近视的理论依据。
现在，费雷德里克医生再次提出这种看法。他在《英国医学杂志》周刊上发表了一篇论文，其中说：有关的新数据表明，小时候的近视经历，眼睛所承受的负担：影响一个人眼睛的生长以及眼球的折射功能。
很多戴眼镜的近视患者都说，在他们小时候，父母是不让他们在光线昏暗的地方或者行驶的汽车上读书的，也不让他们把书拿得太近，可是他们照样得了近视：所以，弗雷德里克医生说，眼睛的注视方式能够影响眼睛的生长发育，并影响到眼球的折射。他认为长时间的阅读和由此引起的视网膜模糊可以造成近视。
像在他之前的许多医生一样，费雷德里克医生的结论也主要是基于这样一个事实：原来视力很好的土著居民，在接受现代文明教育之后逐渐开始近视。而且人的受教育水平与近视的患病率及严重程度也有关系。譬如律师、记者、医生和经常使用显微镜工柞的人就比农民更容易近视。
但是，这个理论也有不能让人信服之处：既然西方人的生活方式使他们更容易近视，既然近视与眼睛的调节有关，该怎么解释在花同样多的时间看电视、读报纸和玩电脑的人群中，有的人近视了，而有的人却没有呢?
当然，近视还和遗传有关。有专家认为单卵双生儿比同卵双生儿更容易近视，而且父母眼球的折射疾患比较容易遗传给孩子。如果父母近视，即使他们的孩子年龄尚小，还未出现近视。可是比起那些父母不近视的.孩子，他们的眼球已经被拉长了。
实际上，在生命孕育的最初阶段，一切就已经注定了。几乎在母亲怀胎不到三个月的时候，胎儿的眼睛就已经完成了他的生长过程。在这个发育阶段里，感染、早产或不正常的光线等因素都有可能使胎儿的眼球纵轴过度拉长，从而埋下隐患。
迄今为止，科学家们还没有找到治疗近视眼的安全而有效的方法。或许将来近视患者不必再戴眼镜或是做手术，只需要几粒药片，就能治好。
1.下列对有关弗雷德里克的观点的陈述，正确的一项是 ( )
A.提出了过早阅读容易变成近视眼的观点。
B.经过大量调查和数据分析指出近视和遗传有关。
C.长期视觉经历影响眼睛的生长和眼球折射功能。
D.观点的得出是基于对拉普人的生活方式的研究。
2.根据原文提供的信息.以下表述不符合原文的一项是( )
A.随着人们受教育水平的提高，近视率也在增高，近视的程度也相应加重。
B.虽然弗雷德里克等许多医生对近视有着相似的看法，但近视原因至今仍在不断研究之中。
C.戈德史密特仅从观察中得出结论，弗雷德里克在其基础上进行了深入的理论分析。
D.生命孕育最初的三个月，母亲感染、早产、不正常光照都可能埋下近视的隐患。
3.根据原文提供的信息，以下推断正确的一项是 ( )
A.近视患者中，绝大多数与父母近视有关。
B.即便注意日常用眼习惯仍可能患上近视。
C.虽尚无良方，但将来可靠吃药治疗近视。
D.加强眼保健操管理可有效防治学生近视。
近视与阅读的复杂关系阅读答案由语文网小编整理，仅供参考：
1.C
2.C
3.B
篇2：解读近视与阅读的复杂关系
近视是一种颇为神秘的现象，科学家们还不能确切地说出遣成近视的原因。有关的遗传学研究表明，在近视比较严重的家庭里，近视确实能够遗传，可是谁都搞不清楚内在的原因。最近，美国眼科医生道格拉斯·费雷德里克又重新提出丹麦眼科医生恩斯特·戈德施密特早在1990年就提出的理论：过早阅读容易变成近视眼。
戈德施密特医生对近视问题作过全面的研究。他举过这样一个例子：芬兰北部的拉普人20世纪50年代的时候还生活在远离现代文明的纯朴环境中。他们捕鱼狩猎，只有在织补渔网和吃鱼的时候才会近距离地看某个物体，眼睛不需要经常地调节焦距，因而不易疲劳。那时候，芬兰北部的近视率只有1％，后来，拉普人的孩子开始读书写字，到1982年的时候，这一地区的近视率已经上升到12％。这就是戈德施密特医生最早提出的”阅读使人近视”的理论依据。
现在，费雷德里克医生再次提出这种看法。他在《英国医学杂志》周刊上发表了一篇论文，其中说：“有关的新数据表明，小时候的近视经历，眼睛所承受的负担：影响一个人眼睛的生长以及眼球的折射功能。”
很多戴眼镜的近视患者都说，在他们小时候，父母是不让他们在光线昏暗的地方或者行驶的汽车上读书的，也不让他们把书拿得太近，可是他们照样得了近视：所以，弗雷德里克医生说，眼睛的注视方式能够影响眼睛的生长发育，并影响到眼球的折射。他认为长时间的.阅读和由此引起的视网膜模糊可以造成近视。
像在他之前的许多医生一样，费雷德里克医生的结论也主要是基于这样一个事实：原来视力很好的土著居民，在接受现代文明教育之后逐渐开始近视。而且人的受教育水平与近视的患病率及严重程度也有关系。譬如律师、记者、医生和经常使用显微镜工柞的人就比农民更容易近视。
但是，这个理论也有不能让人信服之处：既然西方人的生活方式使他们更容易近视，既然近视与眼睛的调节有关，该怎么解释在花同样多的时间看电视、读报纸和玩电脑的人群中，有的人近视了，而有的人却没有呢？
当然，近视还和遗传有关。有专家认为单卵双生儿比同卵双生儿更容易近视，而且父母眼球的折射疾患比较容易遗传给孩子。如果父母近视，即使他们的孩子年龄尚小，还未出现近视。可是比起那些父母不近视的孩子，他们的眼球已经被拉长了。
实际上，在生命孕育的最初阶段，一切就已经注定了。几乎在母亲怀胎不到三个月的时候，胎儿的眼睛就已经完成了他的生长过程。在这个发育阶段里，感染、早产或不正常的光线等因素都有可能使胎儿的眼球纵轴过度拉长，从而埋下隐患。
迄今为止，科学家们还没有找到治疗近视眼的安全而有效的方法。或许将来近视患者不必再戴眼镜或是做手术，只需要几粒药片，就能治好。
1.下列对有关弗雷德里克的观点的陈述，正确的一项是 （ ）A．提出了“过早阅读容易变成近视眼”的观点。B．经过大量调查和数据分析指出近视和遗传有关。C．观点的得出是基于对拉普人的生活方式的研究。D．长期视觉经历影响眼睛的生长和眼球折射功能。2.根据原文提供的信息．以下表述不符合原文的一项是（ ）A．随着人们受教育水平的提高，近视率也在增高，近视的程度也相应加重。B．戈德史密特仅从观察中得出结论，弗雷德里克在其基础上进行了深入的理论分析。C．虽然弗雷德里克等许多医生对近视有着相似的看法，但近视原因至今仍在不断研究之中。D．生命孕育最初的三个月，母亲感染、早产、不正常光照都可能埋下近视的隐患。3.根据原文提供的信息，以下推断正确的一项是 （ ）A．近视患者中，绝大多数与父母近视有关。B．即便注意日常用眼习惯仍可能患上近视。C．虽尚无良方，但将来可靠吃药治疗近视。D．加强眼保健操管理可有效防治学生近视。
答案：
1.D
2.B
3.B 答案解析： 试题分析：
1.A观点是戈德史密特提出的。B.非弗雷德里克观点。C是戈德史密特的举证。
2.原文“戈德史密特医生对近视问题作过全面的研究”。
3.A遗传只是近视的因素之一，注视方式、生活方式等都会造成影响，且比例不小。C遗漏了“或许”，变得绝对。D根本解决方法是减轻学生的用眼负担。
篇3：阅读速度与理解
每个教育机构都有专业老师，教你提高阅读速度和增进阅读理解的方法，但下面所提供的并不是想用来替代专业老师的辅导。
阅读速度
不同的阅读材料要用不同的速度。例如，阅读一部令人兴奋的小说要比阅读一本生物学的课本要快。
不同课本所用的速度也不同，因为有的写得好，有的写得差，因此，有的就比较难读。每一学期，在读不同课本的一个章节时, 给自己定一个时间，看一小时能读多少页。一旦你对你的阅读速度有比较精确的估计，你就可以较好地安排你的阅读和学习时间。
阅读理解
先很快地看一遍某个章节。找出作者突出强调的部分。如果作者对某一个概念给了许多图解，那它就也是一个重要概念。如果时间紧的话，你可以跳过那些作者着笔不多的部分。
读每个段落的第一句应该比读其余部分更认真些。
在阅读某一章节之前，注意标题以及每一段的第一个句子。然後合上书，问你自己，现在你对在看书之前所不知道的这个主题了解了多少。
在读每一个句子时，注意名词和主要的内容。找出名词-动词的搭配，并学习掌握这些搭配。例如，想一想下面这段课文:
经典的条件反射是这样一种学习，它发生於当我们把环境中的两种刺激联系起来时，其中一种刺激激发反射性的反应，第二种刺激相对这种反应原本是中性的，但是， 在它和第一种刺激结合後，它自己就激发起这种反应。
你不需要读每一个词，你可以用图解的方式来解释这段课文：
经典的条件反射=学习=把两种刺激联系起来
第一种刺激激发一种反应
第二种刺激=原本是中性的，但和第一种刺激结合 -->激发反应。
不必一遍一遍地读课文，你可以这种形式记笔记，这样，你记下了这段课文中的重要内容，一旦你这样记笔记，你就不必担心课文本身。
篇4：阅读理解练与析
作者：艾群
Without most people realizing it, there has been a revolution in office work over the last ten years. Before that time, large computers were only used by large rich companies that could afford the investment. With the advancement of technology, small computers have come on to the market which are capable of doing the work which used to be done by much larger and more expensive computers, so now most smaller companies can use them.
The main development in small computers has been in the field of word processors, or WPS as they are often called. 40% of British offices are now estimated(估计) to have a word processor and this percentage is growing fast.
There are many advantages in using a word processor for both secretary and manager. The secretary is freed from a lot of daily work, such as re-typing letters and storing papers. He or she can use this time to do other more interesting work for the boss. From a manager's point of view, secretarial time is being made better use of and money can be saved by doing daily jobs automatically outside office hours.
But is it all good? If a lot of daily secretarial work can be done automatically, surely this will mean that fewer secretaries will be needed. Another worry is the increasing medical problems related to work with visual display units(显示器). The case of a slow loss of sight among people using word processors seems to have risen greatly. It is also feared that if a pregnant woman works at a VDU for long hours, an unborn child in her body might be killed. Safety screens to put over a VDU have been invented but few companies in England bother to buy them.
Whatever the arguments for and against word processors, they are a key feature of this revolution in office practice.
1. Ten years ago, large computers were only used by large companies because ________ .
A. small companies did not have enough money to buy such expensive computers
B. large computers could not do the work that small companies can do today
C. large computers did not come on to the market
D. small companies did not need to use this new technology
2. According to the writer, the main progress made in office work over the last ten years is ________ .
A. the saving of time and money
B. the use of computers in big companies
C. the wide use of word processors
D. the decreasing number of secretaries
3. We can infer from the passage that with the use of word processors ________ .
A. some secretaries will lose their jobs
B. daily jobs can be done automatically outside office hours
C. medical problems related to work with a VDU have increased
D. the British companies will make less money
[答案与解析]
1. A。第一段第一、二句即本题答案出处。 2. C。第二段即本题答案出处。 3. A。第四段第二句即本题答案出处。
A
It is hard to believe that a fish less than 30 centimeters long can be dangerous to people and to other sea animals. Yet the piranha(水虎鱼)swims in the dark waters of South America, ready to bite whenever it is hungry.
Many fish eat plants, but the piranha is one of a small group that eats meat. With its sharp teeth and strong jaws, the piranha most often kills other fish. Sometimes, however, it attacks people.
A person will not die from a single bite, but the blood from the wound attracts other piranhas. Soon a school of as many as a thousand fish gather by the victim. They all begin to bite. In minutes, only a skeleton(骨架)is left.
Perhaps the strangest thing about piranhas is that they are not always dangerous. People may safely swim near them in one river, while in another river only a few miles away, may be attacked.
Until several years ago, you could buy piranhas in the United States pet stores. Now there is a law against bringing piranhas into the country to sell them. Many people were afraid that the fish might get loose in lakes or streams.
1. The underlined word “school” probably means “________”.
A. a place to learn knowledge B. a large group
C. a long river D. small pupils
2. Why is there a law against bringing piranhas into the United States?
A. Because there are enough piranhas in lakes already.
B. Because piranhas are not safe to eat.
C. Because piranhas die too easily.
D. Because piranhas might get loose and attack swimmers.
3. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Piranhas make good pets.
B. Piranhas are 30 centimeters long.
C. Piranhas swim in South American waters.
D. Piranhas can be dangerous.
B
One kind of letter most people enjoy writing is the letter of thanks or appreciation. It's pleasant to say “thank you” to someone who has been generous or thoughtful.
Every gift, however trifling, should be acknowledged(表示感谢)with a note of thanks. Every favor or courtesy(礼貌)- every kindness or attention on the part of a neighbor or friend - every expression of hospitality- certainly every letter of condolence(吊唁)or congratulation - deserves sincere and gracious(有礼貌的)acknowledgement.
It doesn't matter if you have already expressed your appreciation in person; a letter must still be written. It can be as brief and simple as you like, but it should express your appreciation with sincerity and warmth. Remember that half the joy of giving is the anticipation(预料)of receiving pleased acknowledgement, and surely the person who has been thoughtful or generous toward you deserves that satisfaction!
4. The underlined word “trifling” probably means “________”.
A. of little value B. important
C. valuable D. precious
5. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. We need not write a letter of thanks if we have already said “thank you” personally.
B. Usually no replies are written to letters of condolence.
C. Our letters of thanks may be short, but we should be sincere.
D. We should not, however, expect letters of thanks for what we give.
[答案与解析]
1. B。从第三段的上下文中可猜测出school的词义:水虎鱼咬一口不会丧命,但伤口处流出来的血会把其它的水虎鱼吸引过来,很快,多达上千条的水虎鱼聚集到受害者身旁。
2. D。短文最后一段即本题答案出处。
3. D。本文主要讲述了水虎鱼的危险性,它对人的生命构成了威胁。
4. A。如果一份礼物很“重要、有价值、珍贵”,收礼者自然会表示感谢。由Every gift, however可猜测得出,此句表达的意思是:每一份礼物,不管是多么不值钱的(微不足道的),都应该写信表示感谢。
5. C。第二段第二句和第三段前两句即本题答案出处。
A
What can you do if you “lose” the data(数据)from your disks(硬盘)? To find an expert, who can recover the lost information for you, is probably the easiest solution. Jack Olson is one of these experts. Jack and a few of his friends set up a company called “Jack's Disk Doctor Service”. They work from home and give all the money they earn to charity(慈善团体). The fees are always the same, no matter how precious the data on the disk is. Some people, however, are so grateful that they send extra money to Jack or to the charities his company supports. One oil company offered him $2,000 for his help and an architect even sent him a blank check.
It would be difficult to put a value on the things rescued by the Disk Doctor. There have been disks which contain medical research, television scripts, manuscripts of whole books, a lawyer's papers for a court case, and even Margaret Thatcher's travel plan for a visit to eastern Europe. For this last case, Jack had to go in person to Thatcher's office “for security reasons”!
Disks are usually sent to the Disk Doctor by post, but sometimes people are in such a hurry that they cannot wait for the mail to come. For example, some radio scripts had to be rushed by taxi to Jack's house because they were needed for broadcasting the next day. When the material has been recovered, the disk is returned to the sender with a diagnosis(诊断)and a prescription for avoiding the problem in the future. One grateful client(顾客), and author, put a “thank you” to Jack in the front of his book, “Jack saved me from a heart attack,” he wrote. “But,” says Jack, “most people don't take any notice of the doctor's advice!”
1. Why did the architect send Jack a blank check?
A. The architect did not have any money.
B. The architect did it for security reasons.
C. The architect always followed the doctor's advice.
D. The architect thought Jack's service was priceless.
2. What does the underlined word “rescued” mean?
A. Recovered. B. Prescribed.
C. Examined. D. Lost.
3. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Jack's Disk Doctor Service has only one standard fee.
B. Jack and his company have made a fortune from their service.
C. Margaret Thatcher is a very important person.
D. Jack's clients are from all walks of life.
B
The earliest immigrants(移民) to North America found the Indians already living there. The Indians numbered about 500,000 at that time. Their society was a primitive society(原始社会), but they lived peacefully and welcomed the white strangers to the land. However, these early immigrants from Europe didn't want to share the land with the natives. They killed many of the Indians, seized their land or pushed them off to lands farther away. Today, the Indians, not more than half a million, live in poverty and misery on the land of which they were once masters.
The earliest immigrants were the Spanish, who settled in the southern part of what is now the U.S. The next large group were the English, after the English came the French, Dutch, Irish, Germans, and other nationality groups, mostly European.
Another earliest group to arrive were the Negroes. But they were brought in as slaves from Africa. They didn't win freedom till generations later.
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The Negroes came to North America in order to work for the earliest immigrants.
B. The Negroes also belonged to the earliest immigrants to North America.
C. The Negroes were brought to America by chance.
D. The Negroes live in a primitive society now.
5. At least ________ kinds of peoples living in North America are mentioned in this passage.
A. six B. seven C. eight D. nine
【答案与解析】
1. D。因为建筑师认为他丢失的数据是很珍贵的,所以他寄给杰克一张空白支票。
2. A。第一段第二句已有提示,专家的工作就是使丢失的信息“recover”。
3. B。第一段提供的信息表明,杰克及其公司所赚的钱全部捐给慈善团体,他并未从中获利。
4. B。短文最后一段第一句即本题答案出处。
5. C。本文中提到的在北美居住的有the Indians, the Spanish, the English, the French, the Dutch, the Irish, the Germans and the Africans等八个民族。
A
What comes into your mind when you think about robots(机器人)? Do you imagine armies of evil metal monsters(怪物)planning to take over the world? Or, perhaps of mechanical men who have been created as guards or soldiers by a mad genius? Or maybe you think of man-like robots who act, think, and look like human beings. In fact, robots like these have more to do with science fiction films(科幻电影)than with real life. In the real world robots are machines that do jobs which otherwise have to be done by people. Robots either operate by themselves or under the control of a person.
In a car factory, for example, robot machinery can put together and paint car bodies. On the sea bed, remote-controlled(遥控)underwater machines with mechanical arms can perform tasks too difficult for divers. Robot spacecraft can explore the solar system and send back information about planets and stars.
Many robots have computer brains. Some robots are fitted with cameras, sensors, and microphones which enable them to “see”, to “feel”, and to “hear”. And some robots can even produce electronic speech.
All this does not mean that a robot can think and behave like a human being. Present day robots have to be programmed with a good deal of information before they can carry out even simple tasks.
1. The robots in science fiction films and those in real life differ mainly in ________ .
A. mentality B. appearance C. material D. size
2. What can robots do in the real world?
A. They have the ability to control the world.
B. They can behave like human beings.
C. They can help us do a lot of work.
D. They can think by themselves.
3. Which of the following statements is NOT true about robots?
A. They are as creative as human beings.
B. They can help manufacture cars.
C. They can explore outer space.
D. They can “see” and “hear”.
B
The human nose has given to the languages of the world many interesting expressions. Of course, this is not surprising. Without the nose, we could not breathe or smell. It is the part of the face that gives a person special character. Cyrano de Bergerac said that a large nose showed a great man-courageous, courteous(谦恭的),manly, and intellectual.(有智力的).
A famous woman poet wished that she had two noses to smell a rose! Blaise Pascal, a French philosopher(哲学家), made an interesting comment about Cleopatra's nose. If it had been shorter, he said, it would have changed the whole face of the world!
Historically, man's nose had had a main role in his imagination. Man has referred to the nose in many ways to express his emotions. Expressions concerning the nose refer to human weakness: anger, pride, jealousy(嫉妒)and revenge(报复).
In English there are a number of phrases about the nose. For example, “to hold up one's nose” expresses a basic human feeling-pride. People can hold their noses up at people, things, and places. The phrase “to be led around by the nose” shows a man's weakness. A person who is led around by the nose lets other people control him. On the other hand, a person who “follows his nose” lets his instinct(本能)guide him. For the human emotion of rejection, the phrase “to have one's nose put out of joint” is very descriptive. The expression applies to the persons who have been turned aside because of a competitor. Their pride is hurt and they feel rejected. This expression is not new. It was used by Erasmus in 1542.
This is only a sample of expressions in English dealing with “nose”. There are a number of others. However, it should be “as plain as the nose on your face” that the nose is more than an organ(器官)for breathing and smelling!
4. The underlined expression “as plain as the nose on your face” means “ ________ ”.
A. easy to understand
B. too proud to expect others
C. weak to be controlled by others
D. jealousy enough to hate others
5. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The function(功能)of the nose.
B. A famous woman poet's wish.
C. A number of phrases about “nose”.
D. An interesting comment about Cleopatra's nose.
[答案与解析]
1. A。由第一段后一部分可知,科幻电影中的机器人是有独立意识的,而现实生活中的机器人是受人控制的。
2. C。这是一道考查事实细节题。短文第一段倒数第二句即本题答案出处。
3. A。由第二段第一句可知,选项B是正确的;由第二段最后一句可知,选项C是正确的;由第三段第二句可知,选项D是正确的;由短文最后一段可知,选项A是错误的。
4. A。由第四段可知,“to hold up one's nose”表达“pride”的意思; “to be led around by the nose”表达“weakness”的意思; 短文没有列举表达“jealousy”的短语。从短文最后一段可知,“as plain as the nose on your face”表达的是“易于理解的”。
5. C。从短文的内容和最后一段第一句(主题句)可知,本篇短文主要讲述了由“nose”构成的短语。
A
Pronouncing words of a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing their own language; but few people are ever skilled at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages much better than they do their own language is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, and never set about solving it in the right way. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill-one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be gained by just leaving it to take care of itself. I think even teachers of language, while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect(忽略), in their practical teaching, the branch of study which has something to do with speaking the language. So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught. The teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and by his whole attitude(态度)to the subject should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving close attention, thus when other aspects(方面)of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment, to take second place, there is something else.
Except for the question of time given to pronunciation, there are two other requirements for the teacher: the first, knowledge; the second, technique.
1. Why don't people speak a foreign language better than they speak they native language?
A. Because they can't grasp the nature of the problem of learning to pronounce.
B. Because they think pronouncing a foreign language is a impossible.
C. Because they never solve the problem in any way.
D. Because they pay more attention to pronunciation than anything else.
2. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Grammar should be paid no attention to.
B. Pronunciation is the most important aspect in learning a foreign language.
C. Spelling should not be taught in class.
D. Knowledge and technique are unnecessary in learning a foreign language.
B
When in 1789, George Washington became the first president of the United States, there was no permanent(永久的)capital in which to house the government. During the Revolutionary War several different cities had served as the national capital. In addition, members of congress(国会)could not agree as to where this permanent capital should be located. Some officials wanted it in the north, others wanted it in the south. Each of the states hoped that the capital might lie within its own state lines. At last it was decided that the capital should occupy a section(区域)by itself, separate from any of the states. The place chosen was situated on the Potoma River. The land belonged originally to the state of Maryland, but Maryland agreed to the national government's decision. The section was named Washington. Work was begun on the new capital in 1791. In the year 1899, Congress occupied the new capital building and, at the same time, the White House was opened as the home of all future presidents.
3. Why was it decided that the capital should be separated from any of the states?
A. Because each of the states wanted the capital to be within its own state.
B. Because the District of Columbia was in the center of America.
C. Because Maryland insisted that the capital lie in its own state.
D. Because the District of Columbia was on the borders of several states.
[答案与解析]
1. A。第一段第四句即本题答案出处。2. B。本篇短文主要讲述了语音在学习一门外语中的重要作用。由第一段最后一句和最后一段可知,A、C和D三个选项是错误的。3. A。由于国会意见不统一,有的想把首都建在北方,有的想把首都建在南方,每个州都想把首都建在自己的领地内。最后只好采取这样一个折衷的办法,首都划定一块自己的区域,它不属于任何一个州。
篇5：文言文阅读理解与解析
文言文阅读理解与解析
（甲）郑人有欲买履者，先自度其足，而置之其坐。至之市，而忘操之。已得履，乃曰：“吾忘持度。”反归取之。及反，市罢。遂不得履。人曰：“何不试之以足？”曰：“宁信度，无自信也。
（《韩非子》）
（乙）楚人有卖其珠于郑者。为木兰之柜④，熏以桂椒，缀以珠玉，饰以玫瑰，缉①以翡翠。郑人买其椟③而还其珠。此可谓善卖椟矣，未可谓善鬻②珠也。
（《韩非子》）
[注释] ①缉：装饰边沿。②鬻：卖。③椟：木匣④柜：小盒子
小题1:、解释划线的词语。（2分）
（1）郑人有欲买履者（ ） （2）乃曰（ ）
（3）为木兰之柜（ ） （4）缉以翡翠（ ）
小题2:、选出“之”字用法不同于其他三项的一项（ ）(2分) A．而置之其坐B．而忘操之
C．反归取之D．为木兰之柜
小题3:、翻译句子。（3分）
此可谓善卖椟矣，未可谓善鬻珠也。
小题4:、你从乙段的'寓言故事中获得了怎样的启示？(2分)
参考答案：
小题1:（1）想要 （2）才（3）做 （4）用
小题1:D
小题1:这可以说是善于卖盒子，却不能说善于卖珠子。
小题1:过分追求形式，反而会喧宾夺主，埋没内容，适得其反。
小题1:考察文言词的意思。（1）想要 （2）才（3）做 （4）用
小题2:D 结构助词，的。ABC都是代词。
小题3:善：善于，椟：盒子，鬻：卖。（各一分）
小题4:考察寓意。言之有理即可。例：做什么事情都要分清主次，否则就会像这位“买椟还珠”的郑人那样做出舍本逐末、本末倒置的傻事来。
篇6：假期-阅读理解与完形填空
假期专题-阅读理解与完形填空
［学习过程］一. 阅读理解
阅读理解：在中考中占的比重很大。阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能。包括对书面语言的识别、理解、推理、判断和快速记忆等几个方面。不仅仅涉及到语音、语法、词汇这些语言因素、还涉及到非语言因素，即：阅读者对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、对所读材料内容的熟悉、个人经历、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等各方面。阅读技巧之一是阅读时要扩大视距。二是不要心读或朗读；三是要理解段落或文章的细节。四是要学会猜测词义，五要理解中心思想。六要具备合理推理和判断的能力。
初中阶段阅读题重点考查的内容是事实认定、词语理解、数量计算，主要思想归纳等。而从考查方式来看，则以直接型、转换型和归纳型的试题为主，需要依据文章事实和作者思路进行推理的题次之。
文章主旨和大意的考查。这类试题主要是考查对文章的理解程度，考查内容包括作者的写作目的，文章的中心思想等内容。考生只有读懂全文，才能选出正确答案。
细节和事实的考查。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。
词义或句义的考查。这些词句往往具有深层意义，要透过表层意义来理解深层意义，或根据句子的语法关系分析其含义，要反复琢磨，仔细推敲，弄清作者的真正意图，从而选择正确答案。遇到生词，要根据上下文和一定的构词法知识，如前缀、后缀来分析、判断、猜测其词形和含义。
结论或推论性考查。这类考题答案的选择往往无所谓正确与错误之别，而是最佳与非最佳之别。因此，须读懂通篇文章，弄懂作者的写作要旨，按照文章的内容和逻辑关系，做出符合原文逻辑或主旨的结论或推论，才能选出最佳答案。
拟选题目考查。一篇文章究竟应加一个什么样的题目为最佳，主要取决于文章的内容，英语文章标题的特点一般多以短语或简单句为主。选择标题的一般标准是：一要切题，即能够概括出全文的主旨；二要简洁，即文字要简单明了。
阅读理解题型介绍：
1. 选择答案型阅读理解
2. 判断正误型阅读理解
3. 完成句子型阅读理解
4. 回答问题型阅读理解
阅读理解解题指导：
1. 客观信息题
所谓“客观信息”，是指在短文中客观存在的事实，客观信息的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。完成客观信息题应注意以下三点：
（1）辨认事实，注意细节
（2）同义转换，着重内涵
（3）把握数据，注意推算
在有关数据推算的试题中，根据短文所提供的数据进行必要的运算时所涉及的数学知识一般都比较简单，关键在于理解原文。
2. 主观判断题
一般来说，这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案，必须根据原文提供的有关信息，进行合理的推理和判断才能回答。完成主观判断题能常应注意以下四点：
（1）运用常识，合理判断
（2）根据情景，进行猜测
（3）利用情景，举一反三
（4）纵观全文，概括大意
3. 细节辨认题
文章的中心思想或主题是通过一系列的事实、细节来说明和支持的，要透彻地理解段落、文章的中心思想，就必须理解文章中的重要事实和细节。只有真正理解了全部细节，才能深刻地领悟大意，理解短文细节分下面三个步骤：
（1）首先找出文章或段落的中心思想。文章的中心思想主要体现在首句和尾句中，有时在文中的某一句话当中。
（2）寻找重要的事实与细节，不是所有的事实和细节都重要，那些与中心思想有关的事实和细节才重要。
（3）检查已确定的事实与细节，看它们是否支持中心思想。如果这些事实与细节不能支持中心思想，就说明原来所确定的中心思想不明确或者这些事实和细节没有找准。
属于细节类的阅读理解题一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样，没有固定模式。常见的设题方式有：
（1）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
（2）All the following statements are not true except.
（3）Which of the following facts is not mentioned in the supporing details?
4. 词汇障碍题
在中考阅读题中，考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个：一是被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误导；二是被完全不认识的'单词的意思所阻碍，从而出现理解偏差或理解困难，影响阅读的速度。其实解决这两个困难的一个重要法宝是考生在心目中树立起上下文观念，用上下文去确定词汇的含义。在阅读解题时要注意从以下七个方面着手：
（1）根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义
在be，be called，call等判断词出现的判断句中，可以根据已知部分，猜测生词的含义。例如：
A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.
通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出carpenter是“木匠”
（2）根据对比关系猜测生词的词义
在but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显的对比关系，根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。例如：
Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
和clean意思相对的便是“肮脏的”了，因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的”
（3）通过因果关系猜测词义
because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词，so是连接表示结果的状语从句的连词，so...that与such...that中的that是连接结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。例如：
She wanted the bairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.
根据because从句所讲的意思，我们就可推测trim就是“修剪”之意
（4）根据生活常识猜测词义
运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识。再联系上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。例如：
Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.
根据句子意思及生活经验，wither表示“枯萎”
（5）根据同等关系猜测词义
同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义都属于同一范畴。明显的标志是，这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。例如：
At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy.
从“年龄42岁”以及与prime具有同等关系的full of energy可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年时期”。
（6）根据列举的事例猜测词义
You can take any of the periodicals: “The World of English”.“Foreign Language Teaching in Schools”, or “English Learning”.
从后面列举的例子中，可以猜出periodical是“期刊，杂志”的意思。
（7）根据构词法知识猜测词义
根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。例如：
The colors of Hawaii in Summer are unforgettable.
利用构词法常识和我们已熟悉的词forget，我们可以知道unforgettable就是“令人难忘的”意思。
阅读理解解题步骤：
1. 浏览全文，捕捉信息。要求考生通过浏览全文，掌握其大意了解作者的观点和写作意图。
2. 细读思考题，分析信息。通读（浏览全文）短文后，已对文章或段落大意有所了解再读考题，对要捕捉的信息进行分析、推理，这样便可先解答与主题思想有关的问题。
3. 复读全文，抓住细节。带着问题去复读，可缩小复读的范围，更便于捕捉关键的信息。复读时可边读边用铅笔做些标记，把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因（即5W：who, what, when, where, why）划出来。例如：凡逢人物就圈起来，看完一遍，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然。经过这样的处理，你对文章的内容和细节便清楚了，对其中矛盾的产生、发展和解决心里就会有底了。
另外，在复读全文时，还应特别注意首段或每一自然段的首句，以及结尾句。因为短文的首句和首段往往是作者要说明的对象或事件的起因；作者阐述自己的观点或事件发生的时间、地点与人物的联系。结尾句、段是事件的结论或作者表达的态度、意图、目的等。这样一来便容易抓住中心，为准确、快速地解题打下良好的基础。
4. 解答问题，选定答案。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然圈定。遇到不会做的问题可暂时不做，把每个问题阅读完毕，等会做的题已做完，然后再回头做剩下的题目。在做题时，如果遇到困难，再重新查阅。这次重读，要针对问题的要求，抓住重点，一次求得正确答案。
5. 再读全文，核对答案。这是最后一步，也是重要的一步，不能疏忽。这一步骤要用全文的主题思想统率各考题，把我们在阅读和答题时所得到的信息归纳整理一遍后重新再读一遍短文检查答案，看是否前后一致；意义和语言知识是否和原文相符；是否符合逻辑等。发现前后矛盾、遗漏要点等错误，要立即纠正。
要注意的是，改正原来选定的答案，一定要慎之又慎。一定要有充分的理由，才可改前答案。
阅读理解解题技巧分析
一. 事实询问题
此类题型的问题以what、who、which、when、where、how或why等词引导，就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节设问并要求考生回答：如：
The Internet can show you a lot of jobs all over the world. If you want to find a job on the Internet, use the words “job search”or“employment”to find the websites you need.
（ ）What does the passage tell you to do first if you want to find a job on the Internet?
A. To type in “job search”to find the websites.
B. To write a good resume.
C. To prepare for an interview
D. To
篇7：记叙文阅读理解与答案
记叙文阅读理解与答案
一个小孩儿，牵着妈妈的衣襟去姥姥家， 一口气走出二三里。眼前要路过一个小村子，只有四五户人家，正在做午饭，家家冒炊烟。 娘儿俩走累了，看见路边有六七座亭子，就走过去歇脚；亭子外边，花开得茂盛，小孩儿越看越喜爱，伸出指头点数儿，嘴里念叨着 “……八枝，九枝，十枝。”他想折下一枝来， 戴在耳丫上，把自己打扮得像个迎春小喜神儿。他刚要动手，妈妈喝住他，说：“你折一枝，他折一枝，后边歇脚的人就不能看景了。” 小孩儿听了妈妈的话，就缩回了手。后来，花越开越多，数也数不过来了，此地就变成了一 座大花园……
1．用不同的.读音给下列各字组词。
喝( ) ( )
折( ) ( )
数( ) ( )
2．写出下列词语的近义词和反义词。
茂盛 ( )( ) 喜爱( )( )
3．用“～～”画出语段中的比喻句，再用句中的比喻词写一个比喻句。
4．妈妈为什么不让小女孩折花呢？
参考答案：1．喝水 断喝
折断 折本
数学 数星星
(答案不唯一)
2．繁茂 稀疏
喜欢 痛恨
(答案不唯一)
3．把自己打扮得像个迎春小喜神儿。
湖水平静得像一面镜子。(答案不唯一)
4．因为你折一枝，我折一枝，后面来的人就看不到优美的景色了。
(意思对即可)
篇8：词汇与阅读理解测试题
词汇与阅读理解测试题
1. I was always taught that it was _____ to interrupt.
A) rude C) rough
B) coarse D) crude
2. It was a small country house but it was large _____ urban standards.
A) at C) by
B) for D) from
3. Texas, the second largest state of America, is _____ in natural resources.
A) wealthy C) scattered
B) abundant D) deposited
4. Small boys are _____ questioners. They ask questions all the time.
A) original C) peculiar
B) imaginative D) persistent
5. Most students have _____ for those who cheat in exams.
A) shock C) sorrow
B) scorn D) shame
6. The _____ of finding gold in California were good in the 1840s.
A) proposals C) prospects
B) promises D) privileges
7. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _____.
A) out of work C) out of stock
B) out of reach D) out of practice
8. Have you anything to say _____ the proposal?
A) with regard to C) on behalf of
B) in contrast to D) for the purpose of
篇9：关键词与阅读理解论文
关键词与阅读理解论文
在英语学习过程中，我们对于关键词并不陌生，通常认为关键词是指名词、动词、形容词等一些实词，这些词语经常在句子中充当句子的主要成分，表达重要的信息。显然，这种定义主要是从语法角度进行考虑，而且常以句子为单位进行分析。其实，关键词还可以放在更宏观的篇章语境中进行理解，并且成为英语阅读理解活动的中心。
篇章语境下关键词的确定不应以词性为准，在有些情况下一些虚词同样也可以成为关键词。确定一个词是否“关键”最重要的是分析该词同它所在的句子、段落或篇章的关系，即它是不是集中体现该句、该段、该篇想要传达的信息，是否承载着足够的信息量，是否是新信息。是否是新信息这一点至关重要，关键词应该传达新信息，所以之前出现的关键词在以后的分析和理解中可能已经不再关键了，因为它已成为已知信息。不过，它可以为之后关键词的寻找确定方向。
在阅读理解过程中把握第一关键词也即全篇的关键词十分重要，通常该词就是篇章的中心，其他的关键词都是围绕它而展开的。那么怎样确定这第一关键词呢?一般情况下，应该到文章或材料的题目中去寻找，而且这样的关键词不一定只有一个。依此，阅读理解的过程就变成了一次探索发现之旅，从一个关键词到下一个关键词，然后联缀各词去带动整篇文章的理解。这样一来，学生在阅读活动一开始就十分明确自己应该关注的对象，围绕关键词展开阅读训练，一方面可以提高其阅读速度，另一方面也可以使其较为准确地把握文章的主要信息和逻辑结构。
一、文章题目中的关键词
文章题目本身就是对文章内容的高度概括，其中的关键词常为传达主要信息的实词，如名词、动词、形容词和分词等。同时，在确定关键词时还要注意文章题目所采取的结构和句式，抓住作者论述的重点。确定题目中的'关键词目的在于：把握文章论述的对象、明确文章展开的角度、把握作者论述的态度、预测文章论述的内容、为阅读过程中查找其他关键词做好准备。
二、段落中的关键词
寻找段落的关键词可以帮助我们更好地把握一段话的主题，段落关键词一般出现在段首的第一句或几句话里，而且通常为句子的主语，或句子中其他的名词部分如宾语或表语。另外，在寻找过程中一定要结合在上述环节中已经找到的题目中的关键词，应尽量围绕题目中的关键词进行查找。
三、充分利用关键词进行阅读理解
在阅读文章过程中如何充分使用题目和段落中的关键词边分析边预测，带着问题寻找答案，更准确地把握理解一篇材料。
首先，确定文章题目中的关键词并进行设问。根据上文的分析，Givemanafish是否是解决贫困的有效方法，从而得出结论：Teachmantofish。关键词对于英语阅读理解有着特殊重要的意义，准确地把握关键词可以帮助学生更好地理解文章的结构和内容。老师应鼓励学生自觉进行阅读理解训练并启发学生认识语篇中的关键词的重要性；学生则应在阅读过程中围绕关键词对篇章内容不断进行分析预测，改被动地接受信息为积极主动地思考和理解，从而提高阅读能力。
★ 阅读理解指导
★ 阅读理解课（Ⅱ）
阅读理解：近视与阅读的复杂关系（锦集9篇）
