散文阅读专项练习题

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篇1:散文阅读专项练习题

散文阅读专项练习题

暖国的雨,向来没有变过冰冷的坚硬的灿烂的雪花。博识的人们觉得他单调,他自己也以为不幸否耶?江南的雪,可是滋润美艳之至了;那是还在隐约着的青春的消息,是极壮健的处子的皮肤。雪野中有血红的宝珠山茶,白中隐青的单瓣梅花,深黄的磬口的蜡梅花;雪下面还有冷绿的杂草。胡蝶确乎没有;蜜蜂是否来采山茶花和梅花的蜜,我可记不真切了。但我的眼前仿佛看见冬花开在雪野中,有许多蜜蜂们忙碌地飞着,也听得他们嗡嗡地闹着。

孩子们呵着冻得通红,像紫芽姜一般的小手,七八个一齐来塑雪罗汉。因为不成功,谁的父亲也来帮忙了。罗汉就塑得比孩子们高得多,虽然不过是上小下大的一堆,终于分不清是壶卢还是罗汉;然而很洁白,很明艳,以自身的滋润相粘结,整个地闪闪地生光。孩子们用龙眼核给他做眼珠,又从谁的母亲的脂粉奁中偷得胭脂来涂在嘴唇上。这回确是一个大阿罗汉了。他也就目光灼灼地嘴唇通红地坐在雪地里。

第二天还有几个孩子来访问他;对了他拍手,点头,嘻笑。但他终于独自坐着了。晴天又来消释他的皮肤,寒夜又使他结一层冰,化作不透明的水晶模样;连续的晴天又使他成为不知道算什么,而嘴上的胭脂也褪尽了。

但是,朔方的雪花在纷飞之后,却永远如粉,如沙,他们决不粘连,撒在屋上,地上,枯草上,就是这样。屋上的雪是早已就有消化了的,因为屋里居人的火的温热。别的,在晴天之下,旋风忽来,便蓬勃地奋飞,在日光中灿灿地生光,如包藏火焰的大雾,旋转而且升腾,弥漫太空,使太空旋转而且升腾地闪烁。

在无边的旷野上,在凛冽的天宇下,闪闪地旋转升腾着的是雨的精魂……

是的,那是孤独的雪,是死掉的雨,是雨的精魂。

一九二五年一月十八日

1、(中、过)概括文章的主要内容。

2、(中、情)品读江南的雪部分,思考:江南的雪有怎样的特点,哪些语句表现了这一特点?你能看出在这些句子中倾注了作者怎样的情感吗?

3、(中、过)在描写完江南的雪之后,转入到对“朔方的雪”的描述中。中间用了“但是”一词,起到了什么作用?

4、(中、情)作者是怎样描写北方的雪的?作者对北方的雪是什么样的感情?

5、(中、过)鲁迅从来写文章都惜墨如金,而这篇散文诗他却用较多的笔墨描写塑雪罗汉的形象,你是怎样理解的?

6、(能、情)揣摩“是的,那是孤独的雪,是死掉的雨,是雨的精魂。”的含义。

课后探究

阅读下文,回答文后问题

(一)

北国的槐树,也是一种能使人联想起秋来的点缀。像花而又不是花的那一种落蕊,早晨起来,会铺得满地。脚踏上去,声音也没有,气味也没有,只能感到一点点极细微极柔软的触觉。扫街的在树影下一阵扫后,灰土上留下来的一条条扫帚的丝纹,看起来______觉得细腻,______觉得清闲,潜意识下______还觉得有点落寞,古人所说的梧桐一叶而天下知秋的遥想,大约也就在这些深沉的地方。

秋蝉的衰弱的残声,更是北国的特产:______北平处处全长着树,屋子又低,______无论在什么地方,______听得见它们的啼唱。在南方是非要上郊外或山上去才听得到的。秋蝉的嘶叫,在北平可和蟋蟀耗子一样,简直像是家家户户都养在家里的家虫。

——选自郁达夫的《故都的秋》

1、(基、过)给文中横线上依次填上恰当的关联词语。

答:_______、_______、_______、______、_______、_______。

2、(中、过)这两段属于_________描写,描写了_______季的_________和_________。

3、(中、过)对下列几个句子中,描写幽静的.方式判断正确的一项是( )

①蝉噪林逾静,鸟鸣山更幽。(王籍《入若耶溪》)

②随风潜入夜,润物细无声。(杜甫《春夜喜雨》)

③像花而又不是花的那一种落蕊,早晨起来,会铺得满地。

④这秋蝉的嘶叫,在北平可和蟋蟀耗子一样,简直像是家家户户都养在家里的家虫。

A.①和②相似,③和④相似 B.①和③相似,②和④相似

C.①和④相似,②和③相似 D.①②③④都相似

4、(中、过)北国的秋有何特点?试找出突出这些特点的句子。

5、(能、情)根据文意,填入恰当的比喻句,并使之完整。

是呀!黄山的暮色时分的确是一天中最生辉灿烂的,它将薄明的晨曦,绚丽的云霞,灿烂的阳光全收进自己的怀里,这正如一个人的_______,__________,因而它才显得_________、_________、_________、_________。

(二)雪

①雪满山野,总令我想起国画里的留白。王摩诘画山而不见云,齐白石画虾而不见水,那留出的空白,便是云,是水。与西画比起来,国画手法最简洁,而意韵却最丰厚。每当雪至,五色杂陈的世界只剩下黑白两色,山川大地便成了落笔简约的国画,环境纯粹了许多,心灵也就跟着纯粹了许多。

②所以,雪来的时候,我的心中总是充盈着几许淡淡的欢愉。倘在山中,那感觉就更好。黎明于客舍醒来,心中纳罕天缘何亮得这般早,披衣行至院中,发现大雪早巳没膝。呼啸了一夜的北风不知何时戛然而止,空气清爽如琼浆,天气温静如睡熟的少女,崖上翠柯、溪上板桥、无一不穿上白袍,只有檐上麻雀,傻兮兮地挺立着,黑得可爱。

③于是,柳宗元的“千山鸟飞绝,万径人踪灭。孤舟蓑笠翁,独钓寒江雪”便禁不住于口中滑脱而出,那种深透的意境遂将自己浑身浸透。这时的内心纯净得就像白纸,随时等待着思想的浓墨,滴染出幽美的图影。

④大雪封山,路是走不得了,喝罢老板娘亲熬的热汤,便于窗下慵读一卷《聊斋》这或许是另外一种形式的行路罢。读得倦了,便再去访雪。周遭静无声息,而脚底踏出的咯吱声,好似雪地轻柔的言语,令我感到亲切和愉悦。

⑤我之看雪,是看它的银白空蒙,于无色中想像有色,于无形中揣测有形,于无生命中体味凛然的生命力,任思维的雪橇恰然划向岁月深处,去领略世界的无涯与多姿。有人写道:“能欣赏荒寒幽寂的人,必定具有一种特殊的素质,那是一种顽强的生命活力,那是一种桀骜不驯的人格力量。”古人常从孤寒寂寞之中酝酿出一种生命的诗情。北宋书院中,不乏以空山荒寺,寂寞无人之境为主题的画作。我曾在一家博物馆的《寒江独钓图》前伫立良久:沃雪千里,地老天荒,只有一只孤影,一叶篷舟,境界何其寂寥,然而我看到的不是生命的渺小与哀苦,相反,却是挺拔的灵魂与不屈的意志。一如明人胡应鳞所说:“独钓寒江雪,五字极闹”,这个“闹”字很刁,一下子就点化出了柳公《江雪》一诗中昂扬的活力。所谓的枯寂,不过是一种表象。君不见恍若轻绸的溪泉正在冰雪下面漾动,诱人的芭蕉正在雪天里挺立,而渚上小舟,亦正在无声中悠然地划行。或许,只有雪天的凄冷,方能反衬人心的温热;只有雪野的空旷,方能凸显生命的充实。那片苍茫空阔,并非一无所有,而是如国画中的留白,意味深远。我钦佩胡应鳞,他分明是将柳宗元心底的境界,玩味透彻了。

⑥记忆深处的大雪无边无际,静好如诗。我就站立在雪地里,默默地伫望着。我在一片寂寞中感受生命的怡静与温馨,逝去的梦境再度重现,凋谢的热情开始复苏,而那一瓣六角雪花,自天空落下来,咝的一声,就在我滚热的心窝里融化了。(选自《名家散文》 祝勇文)

1、(中、过)第①段中作者为什么说“与西画比起来,国画手法简洁,而意韵最丰厚”?

2、(中、情)请从修辞的角度品味第③中“这时的内心纯净得就像白纸,随时等待着思想的浓墨,滴染出幽美的图影”一句的妙处。

3、(中、情))第④段中有“这或许是另外一种形式的行路罢”一句,其中“另外一种形式的行路”指的是什么?作者为什么会这样认为?

4、(能、情)第⑤段中作者说“古人常从孤寒寂寞之中酝酿出一种生命的诗情”,请你从文外举出一例加以印证。

5、(中、情)第⑤段末“我钦佩胡应麟,他分明是将柳宗元心底的境界玩味透彻了”一句中“柳宗元心底的境界”指的是什么?

篇2:托福阅读专项练习题及答案

Naturalists and casual observers alike have been struck by the special relationship between squirrels and acorns (the seeds of oak trees). Ecologists, though, cannot observe these energetic mammals scurrying up and down oak trees and eating and burying acorns without wondering about their complex relationship with trees. Are squirrels dispersers and planters of oak forests or pesky seed predators? The answer is not simple. Squirrels may devour many acorns, but by storing and failing to recover up to 74 percent of them as they do when seeds are abundant, these arboreal rodents can also aid regeneration and dispersal of the oaks.

Their destructive powers are well documented. According to one report, squirrels destroyed tens of thousands of fallen acorns from an oak stand on the University of Indiana campus. A professor there estimated that each of the large white oaks had produced between two and eight thousand acorns, but within weeks of seed maturity, hardly an intact acorn could be found among the fallen leaves.

Deer, turkey, wild pigs, and bears also feed heavily on acorns, but do not store them, and are therefore of no benefit to the trees. Flying squirrels, chipmunks, and mice are also unlikely to promote tree dispersal, as they often store seeds in tree cavities and underground burrows. Only squirrels ― whose behavior of caching (hiding) acorns below the leaf litter ― often promote successful germination of acorns, and perhaps blue jays, important long-distance dispersers, seem to help oaks spread and reproduce.

Among squirrels, though, there is a particularly puzzling behavior pattern. Squirrels pry off the caps of acorns, bite through the shells to get at the nutritious inner kernels, and then discard them half-eaten. The ground under towering oaks is often littered with thousands of half-eaten acorns, each one only bitten from the top. Why would any animal waste so much time and energy and risk exposure to such predators as red-tail hawks only to leave a large part of each acorn uneaten? While research is not conclusive at this point, one thing that is certain is that squirrels do hide some of the uneaten portions, and these acorn halves, many of which contain the seeds, may later germinate.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The ecology of oak trees

(B) Factors that determine the feeding habits of Squirrels

(C) Various species of animals that promote the dispersal of tree seeds

(D) The relationship between squirrels and oak trees

2. The word “they” in line 7 refers to

(A) oak forests

(B) acorns

(C) squirrels

(D) predators

3. According to the passage , what do squirrels do when large quantities of acorns are available?

(A) They do not store acorns.

(B) They eat more than 74 percent of available acorns.

(C) They do not retrieve all the acorns that they have stored.

(D) They hide acorns in tree cavities.

4. The word “estimated评价,估计,估价,判断” in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) commented

(B) judged

(C) observed

(D) discovered

5. Why does the author mention “the University of Indiana campus” in line 10 -11?

(A) to provide evidence that intact acorns are hard to find under oak trees

(B) to indicate a place where squirrels can aid seed dispersal of oaks

(C) to argue in favor of additional studies concerning the destructive force of squirrels

(D) to support the claim that squirrels can do great damage to oak stands

6. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that chipmunks do not aid in the dispersal of oak trees because

(A) they store their acorns where they cannot germinate

(B) they consume most of their stored acorns

(C) their stored acorns are located and consumed by other species

(D) they cannot travel the long distance required for dispersal

7. According to the passage , which of the following do squirrels and blue jays have in common?

(A) They travel long distances to obtain acorns.

(B) They promote the reproduction of oak trees.

(C) They bury acorns under fallen leaves.

(D) They store large quantities of acorns.

8. The phrase “pry 撬off” in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) swallow 吞

(B) remove

(C) squeeze

(D) locate

9. The word “littered” in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(A) covered

(B) displayed

(C) fertilized

(D) planted

10. According to the passage , scientists cannot explain which of the following aspects of squirrel behavior?

(A) Where squirrels store their acorn caches

(B) Why squirrels prefer acorns over other seeds

(C) Why squirrels eat only a portion of each acorn they retrieve

(D) Why squirrels prefer acorns from a particular species of oak trees

DCCBD DBBAC

篇3:四级阅读理解专项练习题

四级阅读理解专项练习题

We use both words and gestures to express our feelings, but the problem is that these words and gestures can be understood in different ways.

It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language. So does laughter or crying. There are also a number of striking similarities in the way different animals show the same feelings. Dogs, tigers and humans, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably because they are born with those behavior patterns.

Fear is another emotion that is shown in much the same way all over the world. In Chinese and in English literature, a phrase like he went pale and begin to tremble suggests that the man is either very afraid or he has just got a very big shock. However, he opened his eyes wide is used to suggest anger in Chinese whereas in English it means surprise. In Chinese surprise can be described in a phrase like they stretched out their tongues! Sticking out your tongue in English is an insulting gesture or expresses strong dislike.

Even in the same culture, people differ in ability to understand and express feelings. Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men at recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on peoples faces. Other studies show that older people usually find it easier to recognize or understand body language than younger people do.

6. According to the passage, __________. A. we can hardly understand what people's gestures mean B. we can not often be sure what people mean when they describe their feelings inwords or gestures C. words can be better understood by older people D. gestures can be understood by most of the people while words can not

7. People's facial expressions may be misunderstood because __________. A. people of different ages may have different understanding B. people have different cultures C. people of different sex may understand a gesture in a different way D. people of different countries speak different languages

8. In the same culture, __________. A. people have different ability to understand and express feelings B. people have the same understanding of something C. people never fail to understand each other D. people are equally intelligent

9. From this passage, we can conclude __________. A. words are used as frequently as gestures B. words are often found difficult to understand C. words and gestures are both used in expressing feelings D. gestures are more efficiently used than words 10. The best title for this passage may be __________

10. The best title for this passage may be __________. A. Words and Feelings B. Words, Gestures and Feelings C. Gestures and Feelings D. Culture and Understanding

篇4:托福阅读分类题型专项练习题

托福阅读分类题型专项练习题,下面就是我们为同学们做的托福阅读分类题型专项练习题,同学们在备考阶段,可以把本套托福阅读分类题型专项练习下载下来,好好的学习和了解一番,对于提供同学们的备考效率是非常有帮助的。

托福阅读分类题型专项练习题

1. 句子简化题

The Great Red Spot

One distinctive feature of the planet Jupiter is the Great Red Spot, a massive oval of swirling reddish-brown clouds. Were Earth to be juxtaposed with the Great Red Spot, our planet would be dwarfed in comparison, with a diameter less than half that of the Great Red Spot. The Spot’s clouds, most likely tinted red as a result of the phosphorus that they contain, circulate in a counterclockwise direction. The outer winds require six Earth days to complete the circumference of the Great Red Spot, a length of time indicative of vastness of the Great Red Spot.

1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. The density of the Great Red spot is much higher than that the Earth.

B. If the diameter of the Great Red Spot were doubled, it would equal that of the

Earth.

C. By placing the Earth next to the Great Red Spot, one could see the Earth has a much smaller diameter.

D. Because the Earth is close to the Great Red Spot, Earth is influenced by its huge size.

答案:C

2.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. The Earth’s outer winds move a distance equal to the circumference of the

Great Red Spot.

B. The outer winds of the Great Red Spot move more quickly than do those on

Earth.

C. The Winds moving across the Great Red Spot finally change direction every six

Earth days.

D. The fact that the winds take so long to move around the Great Red Spot proves

how big it is.

答案:D

Passage One (Question 1-2)

Camouflage

Camouflage is one of the most effective ways for animals to avoid attack in the treeless Arctic. However, the summer and winter landscapes there are so diverse that a single protective coloring scheme would, of course, prove ineffective in one season or the other. Thus, many of the inhabitants of the Arctic tundra change their camouflage twice a year. The arctic fox is a clear-cut example of this phenomenon; it sports a brownish-gray coat in the summer which then turns white as cold weather sets in, and the process reverses itself in the springtime. Its brownish-gray coat

blends in with the barren tundra landscape in the months without snow, and the white coat naturally blends in with the landscape of the frozen wintertime tundra.

1. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the first highlighted sentence in the passage?

Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Opposite conditions in summer and in winter necessitate different protective coloration for Arctic animals.

B. The coloration of the summer and winter landscapes in the Arctic fails to protect the Arctic tundra.

C. In a single season, protective coloring scheme are ineffective in the treeless

Arctic.

D. For many animals, a single protective coloring scheme effectively protects them during summer and winter months.

答案:A

2. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the second highlighted sentence in the passage?

Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. The arctic fox is unusual in that he color of its coat changes for no reason.

B. The arctic fox lives in an environment that is brownish gray in the summer and white in the winter.

C. It is a phenomenon that the coat of the arctic fox turns white I the springtime and gray in the fall.

D. The arctic fox demonstrates that protective coloration can change during different seasons.

答案:D

Passage Two (Question 3-6)

Post-it Notes

Post-it Notes were invented in the 1970s at the 3M company in Minnesota quite by accident, Researchers at 3M were working on developing different types of adhesives, and one particularly weak adhesive, a compound of acrylate copolymer microspheres, was developed. Employees at 3M were asked if they could think of a use for a weak adhesive which, provided it did not get dirty, could be reused. One suggestion was that it could be applied to a piece of paper to use as a bookmark that would stay in place in a book. Another use was found when the product was attached to a report that was to be sent to a colleague with a request for comments on the report; the colleague made his comments on the paper attached to the report and returned the report. The idea for Post-it Notes was born.

It was decided within the company that there would be a test launch of product in 1977 in four American cities. Sales of this innovative product in test cities were less than stellar, most likely because the product, while innovative, was also quite unfamiliar. A final attempt was then made in the city of Boise to introduce the product. In that attempt, 3M salesmen gave demonstrations of the product in offices throughout Boise and gave away free samples of the produce. When the salesmen returned a week later to the office workers, having noted how useful the simple little product could be, were interested in purchasing it. Over time, 3M came to understand the huge potential of this new product, and over the next few decades more than 400 varieties of Post-it products - in different colors, shapes, and sizes – have been developed.

3. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the first highlighted sentence in the passage 1?

Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Of the many adhesives that were being developed at 3M, one was not a particularly strong adhesive.

B. Researchers at 3M spent many years trying to develop a really weak adhesive.

C. Numerous weak adhesives resulted from a program to develop the strongest adhesive of all.

D. Researchers were assigned to develop different types of uses for acrylate copolymer microspheres.

答案:A

4. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the second highlighted sentence in the passage 1?

Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. The 3M company suggested applying for a patent on the product in a report prepared by a colleague.

B. One unexpectedly-discovered use for the adhesive was in sending and receiving notes attached to documents.

C. A note was attached to a report asking for suggestion for uses of one of 3M’s products.

D. A colleague who developed the new product kept notes with suggestions by other workers.

答案:B

托福词汇:与心理学相关的托福单词

PSYCHOLOGY

心理学

applied psychology

应用心理学

psychologist

心理学家

psychiatrist

精神病医师, 精神病学

psychological

心理的

psychological test

心理测试

conformity

一致;符合;从众

majority

多数人

mental

精神的

minority

少数人

physical

躯体的,物质的,物理的

mental

心理的

spiritual

精神的;心灵的

subject

受实验物件;学科

behavior

行为

behavior

行为的

托福词汇:与生理学相关的托福单词

PHYSIOLOGY

生理学

physiologist

生理学家

anatomy

解剖学;人体结构

scalpel

解剖刀

cell

细胞

tissue

组织

organ

器官

organ system

器官系统

digestive system

消化系统

intake

ingest

摄入(食物)

saliva

唾液

intestine (bowel)

abdomen

腹部

anus

肛门

excrete

排泄

skeletal system

骨骼系统

skeleton

骨骼

skull

托福词汇:与食品类相关的托福单词

. FOOD

食品

food chain

食物链

edible

可食用的

inedible

不可食用的

diet

日常饮食

dietary

饮食的

vegetarian

素食

cereal (grain)

谷类食物

flour

面粉

bread

面包

pastry

面点心

pista

面条类食品

yeast (leaven; ferment)

(名词)

酵母;

(动

物)发酵

fruit

水果

salad

色拉

meat

荤食

dark meat

beef

牛肉

篇5:高三阅读训练专项练习题训练题

高三阅读训练专项练习题训练题

Mr. Fitzpatrick has given much attention to his “Weight reduction”(减轻体重) programs. Just last year, for example, when he was the main speaker at the company dinner, he said he put on twenty pounds instead of losing thirty he promised he would.

The year before that, he joined a health club. He exercised every day and ate less food. At the end of three months, however, he began making excuses about why he couldn’t go there more often.

After the health club failed to work, he joined Weight Watchers but stopped going because he was the only man there. And he hated following any of the diet programs. Fitz’s latest idea is to join a walking club to “walk off” the weight.

1. Mr. Fitzpatrick was ________ when spoke at the company dinner last year.

A. lighter than the year before

B. planning to go on a diet

C. heavier than the year before

D. with the Weight Watchers

2. He did not stay with Weight Watchers because ________.

A. he couldn’t do as the diet programs required him

B. he felt uncomfortable being watched by women

C. the members of Weight Watchers were all women but him

D. both A and C

3. Which of the following can best explain the main idea of the passage?

A. There is no good way to lose weight.

B. One can do nothing without a strong will.

C. There are different ways to lose weight.

D. Walking is the b

篇6:五年级语文阅读理解专项练习题

一、阅读《“精彩极了”和“糟糕透了”》回答问题。

(1)“精彩极了”和“糟糕透了”在文中代表着父母对子女的两种不同态度。分别是什么?

________________________________________________________________

(2)对“诗只有十行,可我觉得他读了几个小时”这句话的理解正确的两项是

A.父亲只会写剧本,但不懂诗。

B.父亲读诗非常认真仔细。

C.“我”心情紧张,对时间产生了错觉。

D.“我”急于得到父亲的赞赏。

(3)父母对子女同一首诗的评价截然相反,其原因是什么?

________________________________________________。

(4)“我越来越体会到我当初是多么幸运”这句话中的“幸运”指的是什么?

________________________________________________。

(5)最后一句中的“刮倒”含义是什么?

________________________________________________。

(6)本文中“我”的思想感情经历了几次起伏变化,从文中找出表现“我”的心情的词语,依次填在下面的横线上。

得意洋洋→________________→_________________→头也沉重地抬不起来→____________醒悟

二、阅读《落花生》段落,回答问题

父亲说:“花生的好处(chǔ chù)很多,有一样最可贵:它的果实埋在地里,不像桃子、石榴、苹果那样,把鲜红嫩绿(lǜ lù)的果实高高地挂在枝头上,使人一见就生爱慕之心。你们看它矮矮地长在地上,等到成熟了,也不能立刻分(辨 辩)出来它有没有果实,必须挖起来才知道。”

我们都说是,母亲也点点头。

父亲接下去说 所以你们要像花生 它虽然不好看 可是很有用

我说:“那么,人要做有用的人,不要做只讲体面,而对别人没有好处的人。”

父亲说:“对,这是我对你们的希望。”

我们谈到深夜才散。花生做的食品都吃完了,父亲的话却深深地印在我的心上。

(1)我会划去文中括号内不正确的读音和字。

(2)给第3自然段加上标点符号。

(3)我会按要求写词语。

写出反义词:爱慕(厌恶) 有用(没用) 好处(坏处)

写出近义词:可贵(珍贵) 体面(气派) 爱慕(喜爱)

(4)父亲对“我”的希望是什么?请用横线画出来。

(5)用“要……不要”写一句话。

________________________________________________________________。

(6)父亲把花生和( )、( )、( )相比,说明花生没有( ),却具有( )。

(7)下面对父亲的话理解正确的一项是( )

A.父亲不喜欢桃子、石榴、苹果的果实,认为它们比不上花生的果实好吃。

B、父亲认为桃子、石榴、苹果只是外表好看,而没有实际用处。

C、父亲认为花生不像桃子、石榴、苹果那样把新鲜、美丽的外表露在外面,即使成熟了,也无声无息,不急于表露,这种品格的确可贵。

(8)画横线的句子是父亲说的话,是教育子女要学习花生的( )的精神。

(9)作者在父亲的启发下,由落花生领悟到了做人的道理是人要( ),不要( )的人。

(10)按要求改写句子。

①父亲的话却深深地印在我的心上。(改为反问句)

________________________________________________________________。

②父亲说:“对,这是我对你们的希望。”(改为转述句)

________________________________________________________________。

(11)对“人要做有用的人,不要做只讲体面,而对别人没有好处的人”,你是怎么理解的?

答:________________________________________________________________。

(12)我们身边还有像花生这样的人吗?他们是谁?

答:________________________________。

(13)在当今竞争的社会里,你是想做像花生一样的人呢?还是想做像桃子、石榴、苹果那样的人?为什么?

________________________________________________________________。

三、

“是啊,莺儿,你要好好保存!这梅花,是我们中国最有名的花。旁的花,大抵是春暖才开花,她却不一样,愈是寒冷,愈是风欺雪压,花开得愈精神,愈秀气。她是最有品格、最有灵魂、最有骨气的!几千年来,我们中华民族出了许多有气节的人物,他们不管___________,不管___________,从来都是________,不肯低头折节。他们就像这梅花一样。一个中国人,无论在怎样的境遇里,总要有梅花的秉性才好!”

(1)把空缺的部分补充完整。

(2)用波浪线在文中画出写梅花的特点品格的句子。

(3)“秉性”的本意是什么?在文中的含义是什么?

________________________________________________________________。

(4)为什么外祖父说梅花是中国最有名的花?

________________________________________________。

(5)从上面这段话中,我们知道外祖父送墨梅图给作者的目的是:________________。

(6)作者以________为题目,表现了海外游子_____________。

(7)片段中谈到具有梅花品格的人十分可贵,请写出2个以上这样的人。

(8)“露从今夜白,_____________。”那些远离故土的人,总会思念自己的家乡和亲人,请先把诗句补充完整,再用三则成语来形容他们的思乡之情。

_____________________________________________________________________________。

五年级上册语文期中考试阅读练习题

(一)《钓鱼的启示》片段

尽(jǐn jìn)管没有人看到我们,更无人知道我是在什么时候钓到这条鲈鱼的,但是,从父亲那不容争辩的声音中,我清楚地知道,父亲的话是没有商量的余地的。我慢慢地把鱼钩从大鲈鱼的嘴唇上取下来,依依不舍地把它放回到湖里去。大鲈鱼有力地摆动着身子,一转(zhuàn zhuǎn)眼便消失在湖水中了。

转眼间三十四年过去了,当年那个沮(jǔ jǐ)丧的孩子已是纽约一位的建筑设计师了。我再没有钓到过像三十四年前那个夜晚钓到的那样大的鱼。但是,在人生的旅途中,我却不止一次地遇到了与那条鲈鱼相似(sì shì)的_人的“鱼”。当我一次次地面临道德抉择的时候,我就会想起父亲曾告诫我的话:道德只是个简单的是与非的问题,但是实践起来却很难。一个人要是从小受到这样严格的教育的话,就会获得道德实践的勇气和力量。

三十四年前的那个月光如水的夜晚,在我的脑海中留下了永久的回忆和终生的启示。

1.请用“√”选出片断中带点字的正确读音。(4分)

2.文中“转眼间”的意思是 _________________(1分)

3.与那条鲈鱼相似的_人的“鱼”指的是________________能举个例子吗?如:__________________________ (2分)

4.“三十四年前的那个月光如水的夜晚,在我的脑海中留下了永久的回忆和终生的启示。”这句话中的“启示”是指什么?(2分)

_____________________________________

5.读了这个片段,你有什么收获?请举例说明。(3分)

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

(二)想做橡树的比尔·盖茨

比尔·盖茨是美国微软电脑公司的总裁。他之所以能取得非常大的成就,是因为他从小就立下了一个志愿——要做昂首天穹的橡树。

比尔·盖茨上小学时,一本《世界百科全书》已经远远不能满足他的求知欲了。他钻到爸爸的书房里,看不懂法律方面的书,就看起名人传记来,大名鼎鼎的科学家富兰克林、政治家罗斯福、军事家拿破仑以及大发明家爱迪生等人的传记,他都看。

“我的孩子,你为什么喜欢这些人物的传记呢?”老盖茨抚摸着儿子的头,非常和蔼地问。

“为了思考。”

“为了思考?”

“对,为了思考。这些伟大人物和普通人是不一样的。我要好好揣摩他们是如何思考的,这样就能找出这些人取得伟大成就的原因。”

见儿子小小年纪就表现出非凡的想像力,思想已经走在年龄的前头,老盖茨是既吃惊又高兴。一有机会,老盖茨就给孩子买书,买回各种书籍。比尔·盖茨高兴极了,他在自己的小房间里建立了一个小书架,把书分门别类地放好,还编上了序号。日子一天天过去了,小书架上的书越来越多,有历史人物传记,有法律、商贸方面的书,还有文学作品等等。

一天,比尔·盖茨的同学来他家做客,发现比尔·盖茨在看这些书。禁不住好奇地问:“你怎么买这么多书?” “在书中可以学到好多好多新的东西。只有多读书,才能使自己变得与众不同。”

“干吗要与众不同?和别人一样生活不好吗?就像草原上的小草一样。” “与其做一株绿洲中的小草,还不如做一棵荒丘上的橡树,因为小草千篇 一律,毫无个性,而橡树高大挺拔,昂首天穹。” 比尔·盖茨坚定地说。

1.根据下面句子的意思,在文中找到相应的词语。(3分)

(1)形容名气很大。( )

(2)跟大家不一样。( )

(3)一千篇文章都一样,比喻办事按一个格式,非常机械。( )

2.请你说说“因为他从小就立下了一个志愿——要做昂首天穹的橡树。”这句话中,破折号的作用。(2分)

_____________________________________

3.用自己的话说说“思想已经走在年龄的前头。”这句话的意思。(2分)

_____________________________________

4.认真读文章,想一想这篇短文想告诉我们什么道理?(2分)

_____________________________________

5.比尔·盖茨小时候的志向是做一棵昂首天穹的橡树,你的志向呢?写一写(2分)

篇7:高中语文散文阅读练习题

①我很喜欢在森林中漫步。

②近十年来,我到过好些地方的森林。小兴安岭、庐山、武夷山、三清山,以及广东封开、龙门等处的森林,我这儿并不想写游记,无意一一描绘它们的细部景色。我想说的,是在那一片深绿,或者墨绿、碧绿、苹果绿、嫩绿赫然构成层次的山野,你要是登上森林瞭望哨,在山风呼啸中,看群树摆动,仿佛海洋在翻腾一样;那壮观的景色使人顿然忘却世俗许多的纷扰琐碎的事情,有一种“此中有真意,欲辨已忘言”的欢愉。

③在森林里的浓荫下行走,呼吸着比蜜水还甜的新鲜空气,端详着一株株树的英姿,令人不禁想起了国外一位学人讲的这样意思的话:“诗是我辈俗人的作品,大自然的杰作是树,一株树要比一首诗美丽得多!”你看,它们有的是疏朗的,有的是繁密的,有的亭亭如盖,有的屈曲多姿,各式各样的树显示了各式各样的美。有的树主干上光光洁洁,有的树主干上起了瘿结,附着了攀缘植物和悬挂植物,它们一路开着花,居然直达树梢。在林荫下漫步,有时森林水滴滴了下来,也许是沿着你的面颊流淌,也许是从背脊直下,沁人心脾,每当此际,我总是一点也不忙着把它拭去,而是任由它悄然坠下,享受着一种生活于大自然中难得的情趣。

④森林是宁静的,但也是喧闹的。有时一只啄木鸟在头顶上笃笃笃地啄着树干,有时一只金花鼠惊鸿一瞥地跳跃而过,有时成群长尾山雀在空旷处振翮飞翔,它都使人感到生机盎然。森林里几乎到处都有小生物,它们都在忙忙碌碌经营着生活,花式品种纷繁到难以胜计。表面上看,好似一片宁静的山林,有这么丰富的内容,真叫人捉摸不透,它不是一览无余,而是内涵深厚,它像一部你永远也读不完的大书,这也是一个令人喜爱的原因。

⑤有人告诉我,在张家界林区,当一行旅游者因食物供应不上而捱饿的时候,他们碰上一个森林老人,老人问明原委,叮嘱大伙不必忧心,他马上可以协助解决,他返身走进林里,才一会儿工夫,就捧着一竹篮花花绿绿的鸟蛋出来了。当旅游者面有难色,表示不惯吃生鸟蛋的时候,老人嘻嘻地笑着,连声说:“有办法!有办法!”再度走入森林里,不一会儿,手捧着煮熟的热腾腾的鸟蛋出来了,原来那森林里什么地方有鸟蛋,什么地方有一眼滚烫的温泉,他全知道。森林之所以吸引人,也在于这本自然的大书,它的人和物,都太丰富多彩了。

⑥我曾经这样反躬自问,为什么到森林去,能引起这种深沉的喜悦?一种复杂感情的涌现,有时不是几句话能够解释得了的。它空气清新,使人脱离尘嚣,它既有一种莽莽苍苍的粗犷之美,在它的细部方面,又有一种纤纤细细的灵巧之美。它像一部博大精深的巨书似的,展现在人眼前,使我们一时完全忘却了琐碎扰人的烦忧,事情大概就是这样的吧。

⑦但是细细一想,情形既是如此,又不完全是如此。我们到森林去,所以引起一种绻恋低回的感情,又是因为在理性上,我们知道森林和人类生活存在密切关系,如果没有森林,没有树木,这世界将变得多么的寂寞和悲哀!由于森林遭受严重砍伐,引起水土流失,破坏了人们的正常生活的事情,在国内大量地方是屡见不鲜的。一看到童山濯濯的景象,你就会知道那里的村落沉浸在不幸之中了。这且不去说它,就是大片大片,一望无际的大森林,不论从世界范围来说,还是从中国范围来说,它们的总面积都存在不断缩减的趋势。中国森林面积在国土中的比例低于世界平均比例。就是在这种情形下,它也还在逐渐减少之中,我到有“中国林都”之称的伊春去,到森林覆盖面积雄居中国前列的福建去,当年都听到人们谈论造林速度比不上砍伐速度,森林面积在缩小中的话题,虽然也有造林比较迅速的省区,但是两相抵除之后,全国仍然是一个降低的趋势,这不能不说是中国的一个隐忧。伐木丁丁的声音,并非是全可赞美的。那里面也有破坏安宁生活的刀斧之声呢!

⑧这样一想,我终于比较能够分析走进大森林时所以感到喜悦的缘由,原来,除了欣赏宁静,赞美雄浑,领略深厚之外,也还有一种庆幸的心情:“这里还有这么大一片森林!”“没有看到受破坏的景象,真让人高兴!”

⑨这样一想,又觉得在快乐中是夹杂着一点忧伤了。就正像在观赏红叶时候那样。

⑩但愿在不太久的将来,能够看到中国的森林的总面积逐渐上升的喜讯,这在中国是可以称为“特大喜讯”的。那时,我们到森林去徜徉,就会只有欢乐,而不夹杂点忧伤了。就像一片健康的绿叶,只有翡翠的颜色,而没有病斑一样。

⑾人们!但愿对树木,对森林,也都有一份理性的爱,而不是一味只知道胡乱砍伐吧!有没有这点爱,可能也是一个文明人和一个愚昧自私者的分野。

1989.3.北京

(选自《秦牧全集》,本文有删改。)

9.第⑤段写了一则传闻,这在文中有什么作用?试作简析。(4分)

10.作者为什么喜欢在森林中漫步?(5分)

11.标题“森林水滴”与本文的主题有什么联系?试作简述。(6分)

篇8:高中语文散文阅读练习题

9.①表现森林的人和物之丰亩多彩,反映了作者对森林的喜爱之愔。②与作者对森林的亲身观察体验相映衬,使文章内容史摇曳多姿。(每点2分,意思对即可。〉

10.①森林中壮观的景色使人银然忘却世俗许多的纷扰琐碎的事愔,让人心情愉悦。 ②森林空气新鲜,森林水滴沁人心脾。③森林内涵深厚,它像一部你永远也读不完的大书。④森林中的人和物,都太丰富多彩了,让人感到快乐和满足。⑤在森林中,欣赏宁静,赞美雄浑,还有一种漫步在森林中的庆幸。⑥认识到森林和人类生活存在密切关系。一点1分,答对4点即可得5分。意思对即可。

11.①“森林水滴”是作者在林荫下漫步的真实体验,它反映了作者喜爱森林,享受其中情趣的感情。②引人产生“滴水之恩,当涌泉相报”的联想,使读者认同作者对于森林和人类生活密切关系的思考,认同其回报森林、爱护森林的主张。③作者希望本文像森林中自然产生的水滴,泌入读者心脾,感染读者。(或:作者自谦本文是自己感恩森林厚爱而回报的水滴,希望它也能沁入读者心脾,感染读者。)(每点2分,意思对即可。如考生认为标题和主题没有什么联系,只要言之成理,亦可酌情给分)

篇9:高中语文散文阅读练习题

①最初看到那三个铁栅门时我没有在意。我的目光一晃而过,雅典有太多的景致吸引着我这个新到游客的眼睛。待杨少波先生介绍说“这,就是苏格拉底当年被关押的地方”时,我才吃了一惊,赶紧从近处的橄榄林里收回目光,定睛去看它们。它们立在一道石壁上,都不是很宽,三扇铁栅门后,是三个石室,也就是石洞。

②我惊看着那三个石室。原来,我敬佩的古希腊思想家、哲学家和教育家苏格拉底,赴死前就被关押在这里。原来,这道石壁和这些石室,目睹过那个伟大哲人的身影,聆听过他的声音,见识过他的智慧,而且看见过他最后赴死的情景。

③这么说,法国著名画家雅克·达维特于1787年创作的油画作品《苏格拉底之死》中,关于关押苏格拉底囚室的描画,是不准确的,是过于理想化了。在那幅画中,囚室很大,石块砌成的墙壁很高,向上还有很多阶梯,明显是正规的房间,而囚室是在房子的底层。画面上苏格拉底坐着服毒自杀的那张床很宽大,而这三个石洞中最大的一个也摆不下那样气派的床。看来,雅克·达维特在创作那幅画前没有来过雅典,没有看过真正囚禁苏格拉底的地方。他把事情向好处想了,他不知道真相比他的想象要严酷得多。

④我看着石洞囚室里不大的空间,努力去想象苏格拉底当年被囚时的生活情景:他会坐在囚室的小床上去安慰和宽慰妻子桑蒂比及他们的孩子,会在床前狭小的空地上边踱步边默想希腊城邦的未来,会在柏拉图和克利托等学生们来看望他时向他们谈他关于肉体和灵魂的最新思考成果,会席地而坐吃下狱卒们送来的食物,会在去囚室门外放风时远眺雅典城区并伸手抚摸橄榄树上嫩绿的叶子,会在那个较小些的石室里进行最后一次沐浴……

⑤我猜想,当年苏格拉底被关进囚室后,可能会反复回忆,安尼托、梅勒托和吕贡这三个人为何要以不信本邦神灵、企图另立新神和迷惑、毒害青年两个罪名起诉自己。那明明是莫须有的罪名。他可能最终想起来了,那个控告他的主谋安尼托,他其实是得罪过的。有一次他同美诺讨论美德是不是知识的时候,正巧碰见他,于是便拉他过来提问。结果在提问中不仅让安尼托陷入了自相矛盾,还损及了对方崇拜的政治家,致使他失了面子。他拂袖而去时撂下过狠话:我觉得你这个人很容易说别人坏,我奉劝你慎重些!他可能也想起来了,那个梅勒托是诗人和悲剧作家,而他对诗人没有好印象,曾经讽刺过诗人们,对方参与控告很可能是在为诗人们出气。他也许到最后也想不起怎么得罪了无名演说家吕贡,因为吕贡根本就没进入过他的视野。不过他后来可能想明白了,吕贡会因为参与控告他苏格拉底这件事本身,迅速成为雅典的一位名人,这也是人成名的一个法子。

⑥我猜想,苏格拉底被关进囚室后,可能会反复思考,由500个公民组成的法庭,为什么会判并未犯罪的自己死罪?他对希腊城邦充满感情,没有任何有违城邦法律的举动,他只是喜欢用不断提问和谈话的方式追求真理。他知道把权力交给民众的全部好处,他思考过希腊城邦制度的各个方面,他对人性有过深刻研究。可他就是没有想到,民众在某些时刻对精英人物是存在敌视情绪的——这是人性中极其隐秘的一面。真正的思想者有时会搅乱平庸的日常生活,也因此,真正的思想者不仅可能被执掌权力者视作威胁,也可能被怯懦的民众当作破坏其安宁生活的祸首。苏格拉底的一些思想让民众觉得他太反常、太出格,就是这种反感和敌视情绪促成了错误的判决。这当然是精英人物的悲哀。他们思想的目的是为了让民众生活得更好,却恰恰又让民众对其生了敌意。人性是一个隐秘的洞穴,所有的精英人物都应该探身这个洞穴,以对其有所了解。

⑦我猜想,苏格拉底在拒绝逃跑决心赴死时,并没有估计到自己被处死这件事的全部影响。苏格拉底被判死刑后,有朋友和学生曾劝他逃跑,而且当时他也确有充裕的时间和机会逃跑。但他决然地拒绝了,理由是,既然身为雅典公民,就理应遵守雅典的法律,雅典的法庭判我死刑,我就应该甘愿受死,以维护法律的尊严。若越狱逃走,就是以错对错。我估计,他当时只是想用自己赴死的行动,去感动更多的人遵守雅典的法律,他根本没有估计到,他的死,会成就他的不朽声名。几乎没有留下任何著作的他,能获得西方哲学史上最重要的地位,很重要的原因是他的从容赴死给他带来了广泛关注。人们在口口相传他被不公正地处死这一事件的同时,开始互相传述他的思想,他的思想便随着他屈死的故事流传开来。

⑧苏格拉底死得太冤了,苏格拉底又死得太有价值了!

⑨苏格拉底,我来向你致敬了!

(选自《北京文学》20xx年第7期)

9.阅读文本,你认为苏格拉底是一个有着怎样的精神品格的人?(4分)

10.文章第③段详细描述了油画《苏格拉底之死》中关于囚室的描写,有什么作用?(4分)

11.请简要分析第④段表达上的特点及其效果。(4分)

12.文章结尾说“苏格拉底死得太冤了,苏格拉底又死得太有价值了”,请结合文本谈谈你对这句话的理解。(6分)

篇10:高中语文散文阅读练习题

9.是热爱生活、富有思想的智者;是维护真理、敢于得罪异己的斗士;是舍生取义、从容赴死的英雄;是热爱雅典、捍卫法律尊严的公民。(4分,每点1分,意思对即可)

10.油画中对囚室的描绘过于“理想化”,与苏格拉底真正被囚处的逼仄、简陋作对比;引出下文对苏格拉底被囚时残酷的生活境遇的想象;赞美苏格拉底坚持真理的精神和坦荡的襟怀。(4分。意思对即可)

11.运用想象、排比、细节描写等艺术手法,(2分)以冷静客观的叙述风格,集中展现了苏格拉底被囚时的生活情景,丰富了文章内容,使人物形象更加生动、真实,强化了作者对苏格拉底的敬仰之情。(2分)(共4分。意思对即可)

12.“冤”在他“对希腊城邦充满感情”;“冤”在他死于莫须有的罪名和庸众的反感、敌视;“冤”在一个思想者因为他的思想不被当时所容而被处死。(3分)

“有价值”体现在:他的“屈死”让他的思想开始流传;他以甘愿受死,维护法律的尊严;警示后人,不要因为自己的平庸、怯懦和对他人的不理解,自觉不自觉地参与到迫害精英的行列;表明死亡并不完全意味着生命的结束,高尚的精神才是永恒的。(3分。答出3点即可)

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