“杰克森兔子”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了5篇高三英语第三单元 Australia，下面是小编给大家带来的高三英语第三单元 Australia，以供大家参考，我们一起来看看吧!
篇1：高三英语第三单元 Australia
科目 英语
年级 高三
文件 high3 unit3.doc
标题 Australia
章节 第三单元
关键词 高三英语第三单元
内容
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
本单元第10和11课是说明文。建议教师利用地图或地球仪引导学生用英语讨论澳大利亚的地理位置、气候特点、动植物种类等；发动学生收集有关澳大利亚的各种图片并组织学生对图片分类，指导持图片的学生在课堂上作中心发言，其他人补充的方式，师生一起就澳大利亚的历史、文化、风俗等进行讨论。
这样做的好处：1)充分地调动了学生的学习积极性和主动性；2)有效地发挥了以教师为主导学生为主体的作用；3)每个学生都能在教师的指导下得到不同层次的训练，使得学习内容落到实处。
【指点迷津】
a)单词和词组：
*fix v.make firm of fast; faster sth. So that is cannot be moved使固定，装配，安装，确定，常用于fix one’s eyes/ attention on注视：用于“修理”是非正式用语，多用于口语或美国英语中，用来表示带有安装固定性质的修理，不用于服装的修补。
The desk was fixed to the floor.
那张书桌固定在地板上。
Let’s fix (up) a date and place for the meeting.
咱们把会议的时间和地点确定下来吧。
You should fixed the lesson in your mind.
你应该把这课书好好记住。
They fixed up a bamboo bed me in the front room.
它们在房间前给我搭了张竹床。
[注意]
当“修理”讲常用repair和mend，但是在用法上又有所不同。
repair一般用于修理较为复杂的物品，偶尔也用于衣鞋。他可搭配repair bridges/cars/houses/machines/roads/watches/shoes
他还可作，名词常用复数do under be in / out of repair
mend
I’ll have to have the hole in the roof mended.
我得找个人来修补屋顶上的洞。
Mother mended the tear in my shirt.
妈妈给我补好了衬衫上扯破的地方。
They have mended the windows and it shuts properly now.
他们已把窗修好了，现在开关自如。
*rather than是……而不……；倒不如说；表示选择，常用于“平行结构”，前后的结构必须相同。如；
The colour seems green rather than blue. (形容词)
Shall we go far a walk rather than watch TV ? (动词)
I would prefer to start in August father than in July. (介词短语)
I ought to be you rather than me that signs the letter. (代词)
[注意]rather单独使用时个程度副词。与fairly同义。rather通常修饰冷色调或否定意义的词，fairly则多修饰表示暖色调或肯定意义的词。rather可用语比较级和too之前，而fairly则不能。如：
It’s rather cold today.
It’s fairly warm today.
I did rather better this time.
rather than常与would连用。would rather do than do如：Would you rather go home go with me ? would rather也可以接从句，从句的谓语用过去式表示现在或将来要做的事，谈到过去的行为用过去完成时。如：
I would rather you went there with me.
I would rather you had gone just now.
[比较]prefer实义动词；prefer to do (rather)than do; prefer to …; prefer to do; prefer something; prefer sb. to do sth. prefer that
He preferred to write to her rather than telephone her.
I prefer walking to cycling.
I should prefer to wait until evening.
Which would you prefer, tea or coffee ?
I prefer my meat well done.
I should prefer you to start early.
He prefer that nothing should be said about his good deeds.
以上单词和词组可通过听对话和课文录音，以及在教师介绍过程中呈现，然后用问答讨论课文内容等方式再现以上单词和词组加深理解词义，掌握用法，最后用句型转换或补全句子等方法巩固，开发运用。
二、学海导航
【学法指要】
本单元应掌握的难点知识：
⒈分词作定语
They invented different kinds of fishing nets, also a curiously shaped piece of wood for hunting which… (page 14)
他们发明了各种各样的渔网，还发明了一种用木头制成的形状奇特的捕猎器，……
在”a curiously shaped piece of wood”中的”shaped”是以动词”shape (vt.使成……形状)”的过去分词作定语。
分词作定语是一种重要的用法。在各种测试中常要求被测试者准确选用是现在分词还是过去分词。为此必须理解分词与被修饰的名词的语法关系。一般说来，当分词与被修饰的名词是主谓关系时用现在分词；当分词与被修饰的名词是动宾关系时用过去分词。如：the falling leaves (=the leaves that are falling);the surprising news (=the news that are surprising); the broken glass (=the glass that is broken); shaped piece of wood (=the piece of wood that is curiously shaped).
[注意]不及物动词的过去分词也可以作定语，表示完成或状态。如：the fallen leaves (=the leaves that are fallen)
⒉熟记表示倍数的句型: be…times as +adj./adv. (形容词或副词)+as…
be…times + adj./adv.(形容词或副词)+than…
be…times + the size of…
The newly-built reading-room is four times as big as the old one.
新建的阅览室是旧阅览室的四倍。
The newly-built reading-room is three times bigger than the old one.
新建的阅览室比旧阅览室大三倍。
The newly-built reading-room is four times the size of the old one.
新建的阅览室是旧阅览室的四倍。
【妙文赏析】
Kangaroos lives only in Australia and on the islands near it. Not many people knew they were there until about 200 years ago. At that time, Captain Cook sailed to Australia from England.
He and his men had traveled halfway around the world. They needed food
for the long trip home. Captain Cook sent a few sailors ashore to get food.
When the sailor returned, they brought with them a big grey animal. The men’s eyes were being opened wide.
“Look at his tail,” said one, “It must be four feet long!”
“What’s the animal called?” asked the captain.
“We tried to get the people to tell us,” answered a sailor, “They kept saying ’Kangaroo’. They wouldn’t say anything else.”
“Kangaroo,” said Captain Cook, “That’s a good name. It sounds as queer as he looks. Captain Cook carefully noted this word in his word book.”
The missionaries(传教士) who later came to Australia were anxious to see a kangaroo but their questions were met with puzzled looks. They soon discovered that the native who answered Cook’s question was really saying, “I don’t know what you’re pointing at.” This is how the word “Kangaroo” has come into use.
【思维体操】
非谓语动词作宾语补语时的混淆，出在感观动词与使役动词后接不定式与现在分词的差别，现在分词与过去分词的差别。除此之外，其外动词的用法都是固定的。
⒈在感观动词与使役动词后接不定式，表示强调动作本身已经发生，它指动作的全过程，因而表明该动作已结束。
⒉现在分词表明动作的情景，即动作正在进行，在使役动词后还含有让动作得以延续之意。
用所给动词的适当形式填空：
1)When I went into the hall, I found a group of children _____(run) upstairs.
2)Every morning, Granny Wang will see her granddaughter _____(go) downstairs and then came back with her house work.
3)Tom said that he found some trees by the roadside _____(cut) down and the fallen trees ______(lie) on the ground.
4)─Did you hear someone _____(knock) at the door?
─Yes, I did. I heard him ______(knock) several times.
5)─Don’t worry, boy. We’ll soon have you _____(walk) again.
─Thank you.
参考答案：
1)running; 2)go; 3)cut, lying; 4)knocking, knock; 5)walking
三、智能显示
【心中有数】
非谓语动词（不定式、分词）作宾语补语小结。
非谓语动词作宾语补语（在被动语态中，是主语的补语）主要体现在一些动词或短语的用法上，因此必须熟记这些词。一般说来，这样的动词有三类：
⒈以带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask, beg, tell, order, force(drive),require,allow,permit,forbid,like,get,cause,encourage,expect,want,invite,sign,wave,love,prefer,teach,prepare,train,help(补语也可不带to),dare, cause, set(使),warn,还有词组,wait for, call on(号召),depend on, 而choose, find, know, consider一般可以用to be作宾语补语。如：
*He dared me to jump across the stream.
他用激将法要我跳过那条小溪。
*I’ll prepare her to face the difficulty.
我要让他做好准备去面对困难。
*In this way, you will be able to train them(to) read faster.
用这种方法你能训练他们阅读得更快。
*He is considered to be an honest boy.
人们认为他是一个城市的孩子。
⒉以不带to的不定式（被动语态时，要带to）和分词作宾语补语的动词是表示感觉的动词和使役动词。它们是feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch和have, let, make。这些词中，let只有用不定式作宾语补语的用法，他一般不用被动语态。have也不用被动语态。make没有用现在分词作宾语补语的用法。
*The boss made the workers work more than ten hours a day.
这个老板迫使工人们每天工作十多个小时。
*Don’t have children learn so many subjects before they go to school.
上学前，不要让孩子们学习太多的学科。
*Jack saw a stranger go into his house.
捷克看见一个陌生人进了他的家。
⒊除了感观动词和使役动词外，下列动词一般用现在分词作宾语补语：catch(发觉),dislike, find, get, keep(使得),leave(让), set(使), like, love。下列动词可以用过去分词作宾语补语：get, make, find, want, order, wish, leave.如：
*When camping in the mountain, we got the fire burning all the night.
在山上宿营时，我们让火彻夜燃烧。
*When she walked near to the door, Lily found the door locked.
当黎黎走近房门时，她发现门锁着。
注意：
1)不定式根据语境的需要可以有被动式或完成式。现在分词也有被动式，如：
*They ordered the fire to be put out at once.
他们要求立即将火扑灭。
*When she awoke, she found herself being looked after by a nurse.
醒来时，她发现自己还由一名护士照料着。
*The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
据说该书已被译成多种文字。
2)在被动语态中宾语补语变成主语补语，感观动词和使役动词后的不定式必须将加上。如：
*The boy was seen to enter that empty house.
有人看见那个孩子进了那间空房子。
*Birds are seldom heard to sing at night.
鸟很少听到在夜间叫。
3)英语中用带的不定式作宾语补语的动词大多表示允许、请求、命令、要求、爱好、厌恶以及表示智力的动词。但有几个动词却没有这种搭配。如：hope, find, demand, agree, suggest, lead(引导)。这些动词要牢记。
【动脑动手】
同步训练
I.单词拼写：
1.Most v____ have rivers running through them.
2.A modern city should have an advanced transport s_____.
3.The salty soup made me very t_____.
4.The man is s____ himself trying to lose weight.
5.They built a f____ around the yard to keep the dog in.
6.Tom and Jack are going (露营)_____ in the bush with their friends.
7.Old John was (经验)_____ at finding underground springs.
8.Some metals have to be (进口)_____ from abroad.
9.Every person needs water and a diet of (健康)_____ foods.
10.Lin Fang was invited to an (澳大利亚)_____ home yesterday. 1.______
2.______
3.______
4.______
5.______
6.______
7.______
8.______
9.______
10.______
II.单项选择：
A)同步训练：
11.He asked his mother to _____ the hole in the pocket of his jacket.
A. fix B. mend C. repair D. fix up
12.He _____ his homework and then went home.
A. handed in B. handed down
C. handed out D. handed back
13.Which is wrong?
A. He would rather listen to others than talk himself.
B. He prefers to listen to others than talk himself.
C. He likes listening to others much better than talking himself.
D. He prefers listening to others to talk himself.
14.Which doesn’t mean the same as the others?
A. Line A is three times as long as Line B.
B. Line A is three times the length of Line B.
C. Line A is three times longer than Line B.
D. Line A is twice longer than Line B.
15.Pigs will ____ just abut anything.
A. feed on B. feed in C. feed with D. feed to
16.The Second World War _____ in 1939.
A. took place B. happened C. occurred D. broke out
17.The coat and trousers ____ a suit. That is to say: A suit ___ of the coat and trousers.
A. make up, make up
B. are made up of, make up
C. are made up of, is made up of
D. make up, is make up of
18.In a severe winter many wild animals can _____ lack of food.
A. die in B. die from C. die of D. die for
19.Which is wrong of the following?
A. More than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water.
B. More than two-third of the earth’s surface are covered by water.
C. About 80 percent of our population are peasants.
D. About five-fourths of our population are peasants.
20.Which is wrong of the following?
A. He didn’t study hard and thus he failed his test.
B. He didn’t study hard, so he failed his test.
C. He failed his test and because he didn’t study hard.
D. He didn’t study hard and therefore he failed this test.
B)语法训练
21.Mr Smith usually says that _____ is learning.
A. teacher B. teaching
C. to teach D. being teaching
22.It’s no use _____ a lot without doing anything.
A. to talk B. to say C. talking D. speaking
23.─What has made you so upset?
─_____ three tickets for tonight’s football game.
A. Lost B. Losing
C. Because of losing D. Because I lost
24.Do you consider it any good _____ again?
A. to try B. try C. trying D. tried
25._____ pity on the snake led to his own death.
A. The old man’s taking B. The old man taking
C. The old man took D. The old man taken
26.We have heard of _____ something for the village.
A. your having done B. you’re having done
C. yours having done D. your doing
27.My father’s great pleasure is ______.
A. to fish B. fishing C. to be fishing D. being fishing
28.The shy girl doesn’t like _____ in public.
A. praising B. to be praised
C. being praised D. to praise
29.─Did you close the door when you left?
─Yes, I remember _____ it, for it remains _____.
A. to close, closed B. closing, locking
C. to close, to be locked D. closing, locked
30.Jenny regretted _____ the lecture given by Prof.Miller.
A. to miss B. missing C. being missed D. to be missed
III.完型填空
Some boys join the Navy when they are quite young and often given a course of training as soldiers. It is a long course. During it, the boys study things like maths and science as well as to 31 guns and to do other 32 things.
One of the important things they are 33 is, of course, how to swim. In the old days, many soldiers 34 swim. But now it is rare to find one that can not.
In one school for 35 , the swimming director was very good. He had never failed to teach one to swim 36 the time the course ended. One year, however, 37 was one particular boy who seemed unable to swim. The director 38 giving him extra lessons, but he had 39 success. In the end, as the time drew 40 for the course to end, he had to admit defeat.
31.A. keep B. fire C. make D. carry
32.A. valuable B. special C. constant D. practical
33.A. learned B. studied C. done D. taught
34.A. should B. wouldn’t C. couldn’t D. did
35.A. soldiers B. boys C. swimmers D. officers
36.A. in B. for C. by D. at
37.A. this B. that C. these D. it
38.A. tired B. managed C. succeeded D. planed
39.A. some B. little C. any D. none
40.A. close B. around C. through D. near
IV.短文改错
Today I visited the Smiths---my first time visit
to an Australia. They live in a small
town. It was very kind for them to meet me at
the railway station and drove me to their home.
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at
home. They offered me coffee and other drinks.
We have a good time talking and laughing
together. They eager to know everything about
China and asked me lots question. In fact,
they are planning to visit China in next year. 41._______
42._______
43._______
44._______
45._______
46._______
47._______
48._______
49._______
50._______
【创新园地】
单词拼写：
1.Large q____ of coal are needed to produce electricity every year.
2.─What p____ you from going to the concert last night?
─Losing my ticket.
3.Newspapers and TV sets can keep people in t____ with the word.
4.─Can I help you ?
─I’d like to have this package w____ .
5.The computer is one of the most important I ____ in many years.
6.The entrance examination is coming soon, we’ll have to be p___ for it.
7.Old John lived t____ World War Two, but he was very weak.
8.─What a naughty boy! I can hardly find a way to deal with him.
─It will take you much p____ to help him.
9.Cakes and milk are usually s_____ for breakfast in the kindergarten.
10.Mrs.White was o_____ to those who had helped her and her children when they were in trouble.
答案：
1.valleys; 2.system; 3.thirsty; 4.starving; 5.fence; 6.camping; 7.experienced; 8.imported; 9.healthy; 10.Australian;
11-15BADDA 16-20DDBBC 21-25BCBCA
26-30ABCDB 31-35BDDCA 36-40CCABD
Today I visited the Smiths---my first time visit
to an Australia family. They live in a small
town. It was very kind for them to meet me at
the railway station and drove me to their home.
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at
home. They offered me coffee and other drinks.
We have a good time talking and laughing
together. They eager to know everything about
China and asked me lots question. In fact,
they are planning to visit China in next year. 41. time
42.Australian
43.of
44.drive
45.their
46.
47.had
48.were
49.questions
50. in
【创新园地答案】
1.quantities; 2.prevented; 3.touch; 4.weighed; 5.inventions;
6.prepared; 7.through; 8.patience; 9.served; 10.obliged
篇2：高一英语第三单元
科目 英语
年级 高一
文件 high1 unit3.3.doc
标题 American English（美式英语）
章节 第三单元
关键词 内容
一.教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
在过去3左右的时间里，美国英语（American English）和英国英语（British English）都发生了很大的变化，它们的发展自然不尽相同，但二者之间区别并不是天壤之别。多数英国人和美国人可以很容易地互相听懂，两国的书面语言也非常近似。对于学习英语的中学生来讲，了解英语单词是美式拼写还是英式拼写，是美式发音还是英式发音，对知道某份书面材料到底是源出于美国还是英国是很有帮助的。从另一个角度来看，随着我国改革开和的步伐向21世纪的纵深加快，广播教学和录像教学日益普及，日常生活中对美国英语的直接接触更为广泛。目前中学英语中录制的各种英语教学磁带也多属美国英语。因而，特别注意对美语的学习，并不断扩充富有时代特色的美语式交际英语无疑是非常必要的。本单元将给同学们打开一扇了解美式英语的窗口，那就请同学们从本单元中边窥视它的区别点，边欣赏它们各自的独特魅力吧！
【指点迷津】
A.单元重点新词读音归类
1.[i:]wheel reason 2.[ ]plan gas Spanish character
3.[u]cookbook 4.[ ]fall store
5.[ei]explain tape pronunciation mail 6.[au]pronounce however howl
7.[ ]European 8.[ ]Indian
9.[ ]Europe European 10.[z]reason
11.[i]difficult movie Indian direct indirect explain character pronunciation British
12.[ ]difficult pronounce however western Europe European pronunciation character holiday Britain
B.单元重点新词透视
1.difficulty作不可数名是“困难，费力”；作可数名词是“难事，难点，具体困境”。
测试要点：
(1)have some (no, little, much, a lot of, a great deal of )difficulty/trouble+(in)+doing在……有困难 如：They have no difficulty in talking with each other in English. 他们用英语交谈毫不费劲。
(2)have some (no, little, much, a lot of, a great deal of, great )difficulty/trouble+
with+n.在……有困难 如：She has much difficulty with such a long speech.她作这样长的一个报告有很大困难。
(3)with difficulty“困难地，费劲地”是副词短语作状语。He breathed with difficulty.
(4)without difficulty容易地，不费吹灰之力地
(5)in difficulty“处于困境中”是介词短语起形容词的作用。
注意：sth+be+difficult+to do(习惯上不用to be done)。如：This play is difficult to enjoy.欣赏这部戏剧不容易。（不用to be enjoyed）
2.plan作可数名词是“计划，打算，规划，方案”。如：Fred is excited about his family’s plan for a vacation in California.弗雷德对于他一家人要到加利福尼亚去度假的计划感到非常激动。
作及物动词和不及物动词。其后可跟不定式、名词、代词或者what引导的宾语从句。如：
He plans to go to Australia some day.他计划有朝一日能去澳大利亚一次。
He began to plan what he would do with his Sundays.他开始计划怎样度过星期天。
测试要点：
(1)该词的过去式、过去分词和现在分词要双写字母“n”。如：Have you planned your trip?你打算作一次旅行吗？
(2)a five-year plan一个五年计划，in a planned way有计划地
(3)make plans for为制定计划
(4)plan on +doing打算 如：I am planning on going to Beijing next month.我打算下个月去北京。
(5)plan ahead提前计划
(6)在省略句中，plan后用to代替前面的宾语。如：
--Have you planned to go abroad?
--Yes, I’ve planned to.（省去了go to abroad）
3.medicine作不可数名词是“医学，医术，内科学”。虽然可作可数名词“药”，但通常指口服的药，不加-s。
测试要点：
(1)给某人一些药give sb some medicine
(2)吃药/服药take/have some medicine
(3)学医study medicine
(4)medicine的形容词为medical“医学的，医术的，医疗上的，医疗界的”。如：a medical college医学院，free medical service
4.British不列颠的，不列颠人的，英国的，英国人的 如：the British Museum大不列颠博物馆
He is German, but his wife is British.他是德国人，他的妻子是英国人。
Britain不列颠（英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰的总称） 英国的全称：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国
5.however作连词和副词，意思是“然而，可是，尽管如此，无论如何，不管怎样”。
测试要点：
(1)常把however置于句首，句子使用倒装结构，即把后部的形容词和副词直接跟在however之后。如：She always goes swimming, however cold it is不管天气多么冷，她总是去游泳。
However hard the work may be, we must finish it on time .无论这工作多么难，我们必须按时完成。
(2)however作副词时是插入语，可放在句首、句中或句末，往往用逗号和其它部分隔开。如：
However, we still look into the matter later.不过我们以后要调查这件事。
He was ill, however, he decided to go.他病了，然而他仍决定要去。
(3)He said that it was so, he was mistaken, however.他是这样说的，可是他错了。
6.movie“电影，电影院”，常用于美国英语中，英国英语中。如：
a movie fan电影迷，a movie star电影明星，a movie house电影院，moviegoers常看电影者，go to the movies=go to the cinema=go to see a film去看电影
7.mail是美国英语作名词是“邮政，邮递，邮件”，英国英语用post。作动词是“邮寄”。如：
测试要点：
(1)by mail通过邮寄 如：I sent her a dictionary by mail.我寄给了她一本字典。
(2)作不可数名词时常和a lot of , much, a large amount of连用，表示大量的信件。如：
There was much mail last week.上周邮件很多。
(3)作可数名词时常与定冠词the连用。如：
The ship sank and the mails were lost .船沉了，邮件全丢失了。
(4)作及物动词用，如：He mailed /posted a parcel last month.他上个月寄了那个包裹。
8.reason作可数名词是“理由，原因，道理”。如：
These are our reasons for doing it .这就是我们干此事的理由。
You have no reasons to get angry.你没有道理生气。
作不可数名词是“理智，理性，理解力，情理”。如：
There is a great deal of reason in his advice.他的劝告中有许多道理。
作动词是“推理，推论，评理”。如：
reason with sb for/against为了赞成或反对……和某人评理。
测试要点：
(1)the reason作主语其后的表语从句中用that连接。如：The reason why we are late is that our car did not come.那就是我们要你来的原因。（注意不要选why）
(2)the reason后的定语从句的连接词可以是why, that或者省略。如：That’s one of the reasons (why, that, ×)I asked you to come .那就是我要你来的原因。
(3)reason的形容词为reasonable。如：His words sound reasonable.他的话听起来有道理。
（注意不要用reasonably,因为sound为系动词要求形容词作表语。）
9.explain作及物动词和不及物动词是“解释；说明”。其名词为explanation.
测试要点：
(1)explain后不能紧接双宾语，应用：explain sth to sb。如：She explained the reason to ne carefully.她认真地向我解释了原因。（注意不要用：explain sb sth）
(2)explain后可以接that, how, why等引起的从句。如：
Please explain to me how this sentence is read .请给我解释一下这个句子怎么读。（不要用：explain me how …）
(3)注意explain和explanation在拼写上的变化很大。
(4)explain oneself交待清楚。如：She was made to explain herself at the meeting .会上要求她交待清楚。
10.character作可数名词是“汉字，字体；小说或者戏剧中的人物角色”。作不可数名词是“性格、品质、性质、特征”。
测试要点：
(1)in character在性格上 The twins are different in character.那对双胞胎的性格不一样。
(2)She is a woman of a firm character.=She is firm in character.她是个意志坚强的人。
(3)She is a woman of character.她是个有个性的人。
`C.单元重点词组扫瞄
1.(1)have some (no, little, much, a lot of , a great deal of )difficulty/trouble+(in)+doing在……有困难 如：They have little difficulty in mailing the letter. 他们向国外寄这封信毫不费劲。
(2)have some (no, little, much, a lot of, a great deal of ,great) difficulty/trouble+with+n.在……有困难如 She has lots of difficulty with her geography.她学习地理有很大的困难。
2.ask sb for sth向某人要某物，向某人询问某事。如：
He entered, asked for a coffee and sat down.
A student asks his or her parents for money and clothing.
You can write to BBC English and ask for any information you need.
注意：ask after问候，ask out邀请外出
3.more or less或多或少；大体上；差不多
The work is more or less finished.
This train arrived more or less on time.
注意：neither more or less正好，恰如其分
What you said is neither more or less.你说得恰如其分。
4.come about产生；发生=happen, take place
How did these differences come about ?
注意：come across越过，偶然碰见,come after跟踪而来，come alive活跃起来，come along一道来，进展，come around绕道而来
5.the same as; the same…as和……一样
At first, the language stayed the same as the language used in Britain.起初，这语言与英国使用的语言一样。
She is the same age as you.她和你同龄。
6.a great many=a good many=a large/great number of很多，相当多的
注意该词组修饰可数名词，后面有无of的用法请对比下面两句：
A great many books in the library are new.图书室中的很多书是新的。
A great many of the books in the library are new.图书室的书中有相当一部分是新的。
7.and so on等等
The clothes were red, green, blue, yellow and so on.
They spent their time visiting friends, reading, watching television, and so on.
注意：and so on =and so forth=etc.=and so on and so forth=and the like =and things
8.bring in引来，引进，介绍，收入，领……进来
Stick to the point;don’t bring in things that are not important.紧扣要点，不要把不重要的话题扯进来。
They started to use English, but they also brought in some words from their own languages.他们开始使用英语，但把他们自己语言中的一些词也带了进来。
Someone wants to see you .Shall I bring him in ?
注意：bring about带来，造成，bring back归还，bring up抚养，呕吐,bring down打落，使……降低，bring out发表，拿出
9.change…into=turn…into把……变成
Please change these sentences into indirect speech.把这些句子变成间接引语。
Heat changes water into steam.加热使水变成蒸汽。
I’d like to change these pounds into dollars.我很想把英镑换成美元。
注意：有时change into是指发生了化学上的变化。
10.over the centuries=in the past few centuries在过去的几个世纪中（注意句子的时态常用现在完成时）
American English has changed over the centuries, too . 在过去的几个世纪里，美国英语也发生变化。
D.大纲规定的单元日常核心交际用语指南
如何突破语言障碍（How to smooth away the language difficulties）
1.文化背景(Culture Notes)
◆作为外语初学者，与外国人交流时，难免有听不懂的时候。此时，最好不要哑口无言，要找一些恰当的话语使交流自然地进行，如必须把下列功能套用语熟烂于心，并朗朗上口：I beg your pardon?/Would you please repeat it ?/Could you say it more slowly and clearly?/Pardon ?/I’m sorry I know only a little English./ I’m sorry I don’t quite follow you./How do you pronounce the word ?/How do you spell your name?/What does“fall”here mean ?/I didn’t catch you./I don’t understand what you mean./May I ask a question ?Could you repeat what you said just now ?……
当对方听到这样的话语时，可能会换一种表达方式或附加一些解释语言以便使你容易地接受。
◆在跨文化交际中，语言障碍只是一个方面，如对方使用的词汇你没有学过，对方使用的句型你没有接触过，对方工作的生活状况你不了解，对方所处地域的习俗你一点不知，对方国家的文化背景、人生价值念等你一无所知，那这些都可能直接地影响着你的交际成功与否。
◆A：Please get me a drink from the fridge, Tang jing.
B：Pardon ?
A：Please--a drink--fridge.
B：What do you mean by“fridge”.
A：Oh, that’s the short form for“refrigerator”.
B：Oh, you mean“refrigerator”.
A：Yes .
B：Ok, just wait.
E.单元语法学习目标
直接引语变间接引语“四注意”
本单元是学习直接引语和间接引语，有些同学过分拘泥于那些规则，不敢变通，有时造成很大的失误。所以建议同学们从语言实际运用的角度注意以下几个方面：
（一）.间接引语即为宾语从句。间接引语是从直接引语转换来的，结构上就是宾语从句。可从以下四种句型去掌握。
1.直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语是由连词that引导的宾语从句，that常可省略。主句中的say to sb.常根据需要改为tell sb。
①He said, “I’m a doctor.”→He said(that)he was a doctor.
②She said to me, “I’m studying English these days.”→She told me that she was studying English those days .
2.直接引语是一般问句时，间接引语是由whether(if)引导的宾语从句。主句的谓语动词多用ask。
③She asked, “Are you preparing for it ?”→She asked whether(if)we were preparing for it .
如果问句是表示“建议”，可用动词suggest或advise加宾语从句或适当结构来完成。
④“Shall we meet at the theatre?”he said.
→He suggested that we should meet at the theatre.
→He suggested our meeting at the theatre.
3.直接引语是特殊问句时，间接引语为原来连接代间（副词）引导的宾语从句。
⑤He asked,“Which one do you like best？”→He asked which one I liked best .
4.直接引语为祈使句时，变成“ask /tell/order等动词+宾词+to不定式”。如直接引语是let引起的祈使句，改为间接引语用“should+动词原形”。
⑥He said,“Get everything ready in two hours.”→He asked us to get everything ready in two hours.
⑦Tom said, “Let’s have a cup of coffee.”→Tom said that we should have a cup of coffee.
(二)时态转化中的不变。
1.直接引语若表示的是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时时态不变。
⑧The teacher said to the pupils, “The earth is round.”→The teacher told the pupils that the earth is round.
2.当引语中有表示某一具体的过去的时间的状语，谓语动词的时态情况不需要作调整。
⑨My father said to me ,“I was born in 1945.”→My father told me that he was born in 1945.
(三)其它方面转化中的不变
如直接引语要变为间接引语，转述发生在当天、当地的事，直接引语中的come here, tomorrow, this morning, today, yesterday等不必随着改变。
10.He said ,“I’ll come here this evening.”→He said he would come here this evening.
11.This morning he said ,“I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow.”→This morning he said that he was leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
(四)结合实际，灵活使用。
学习语法要结合实际，提高运用语言的实际能力。直接引语变间接引语也要看情况，做到用适当的表达方式准确引述原话。请看下例：如果设A为听者，B和C为第三者，可根据转述者和听者的不同，分别转述为如下的间接引语。
12.He said,“You are in Class Two.”
→He said that I was in Class Two.(A对B、C转述)
→He said that you were in Class Two.(B或C对A转述)
→He said that he（he-指A）was in Class Two.(B对C或C对B转述)
如果说话者转述自己的话，人称也不需变化。
13.I said to her, “I have done my best.”→I told her that I had done my best.
同时，在变化时直接引语中有多种句型时，要根据实际灵活地运用，这样英语的表达才能更准确。
14.He said, “Will you do it ?”and I said ,“Yes .”→He asked if I would do it and I said that I would.
二.学海导航
【学法指要】
如何破解与汉语意义相反的特殊回答
请看下面两道考题：
1.--You haven’t been to Beijing, have you?
--. How I wish to go there!
A. Yes , I have B. Yes, I haven’t C. No, I have D. No, I haven’t
2.--Please don’t make a noise.
--___.I’ll be as quiet as a mouse.
A. Yes, I won’t B. No, I won’t C. No, I will D. Yes, I will
这两道题的答案分别为D和B。做这类题目时，首先要知道Yes后只能接肯定形式，No后只能接否定形式。如第1题中的B、C，第二题中的A、C，无论在任何情况下是不存在的；其次要知道这类题目的回答与汉语意义相反，即将Yes译成“不”，表示反对对方观点，“NO”译成“是的”，表示支持对方观点；最后根据语境揭示判断正确答案。
与汉语意义相反的特殊回答主要出现在下面三种情况。
(一)出现在陈述部分否定，疑问部分肯定的反意问句中。例如：
1.--You won’t go there by bus, will you ?
--No, I won’t .I’ll just walk.是的，我不会，我将步行。
2.--You never fall asleep in class, do you ?
--Yes, I do sometimes.不，我有时睡。
(二)出现在否定的祈使句或陈述句的对话中。例如：
3.--Please don’t be late for class.
--No, I won’t . I will be as early as possible.是的，我不会，我要尽可能地早到
4.--I hope you weren’t ill.
--No, Jeanne, I wasn’t ill.是的，让娜，我没病。
(三)出现在对否定的一般疑问句的回答中。例如：
5.--Didn’t you have a good time at the meeting ?
--Yes, a very good time.不，玩得很痛快。
6.--Can’t you remember doing the silly thing ?
--Yes, I can. I regret having done it.不，我记得，干了这件事我后悔。
【针对训练】
请根据语境提示选出正确答案。
1.--Tom doesn’t like dancing, does he ?
-- ,but he used to .
A. yes, he does B. Yes, he doesn’t C. No, he does D. No, he doesn’t
2.--The book isn’t easy for Jack to understand, is it ?
-- .His foreign language is far better than expected.
A. Yes, it is B. No, it isn’t C. I don’t think D. Yes, it does
3.--You didn’t go to the concert, did you ?
-- .I ought to have gone.
A. Yes, I did B. No, I didn’t C. Yes ,I didn’t D. No, I did
4.--Shouldn’t we invite more people to the dance ?
-- .A small dance is the most fun.
A. Yes, we should B. No, we should
C. Yes, we shouldn’t D. No,we shouldn’t
参考答案：1--4DABD
【妙文赏析】
A Story About Four People
This is a story about four people named Everybody, Somebody, Anybody and Nobody. There was a very important job to be done, and Everybody thought that Somebody would do it. Anybody could have done it, but Nobody did. Somebody got angry about that because it was Everybody’s job. Everybody thought that Anybody could do it, but Nobody realized that Everybody wouldn’t do it. It ended up that Everybody blamed（责备）Somebody when Nobody blamed Somebody when Nobody did what Anybody could easily have done.
关于四个人的故事
这是一个关于“人人”“有人”“任何人”和“没有人”四个人的故事。有一项很重要的工作要做，“人人”认为“有人”将做这项工作，“任何人”能完成这项工作，但“没有人”做这项工作。“有人”对此生气了，因为它是“人人”的工作。“人人”认为“任何人”能做这项工作，但“没有人”认识到“人人”不愿做这项工作，其结果是当“没有人”做了“任何人”能很容易完成的工作时，虽然“没有人”责备“有人”，但“人人”却责备“有人”。
【思维体操】
介词用法比较精选精练
在下列每组句子的空格处填入一个正确的介词。
1.(1)Do you know the difference the two verbs?
(2)The two words are different the Chinese meaning.
(3)The word“past”is different the word“passed”.
2.(1)Ted cut the apple half.
(2)Ted cut the apple halves.
3.(1)It’s very kind you to help me with my studies.
(2)Our neighbour is always king us .
4.(1)The teacher is writing a piece of chalk.
(2)The teacher is writing red ink.
(3)The teacher is writing a piece of paper.
(4)The teacher is writing an old friend of his.
(5)The teacher is writing a letter an old man who can’t write.
5.(1)Meat does not keep good hot weather.
(2)Our teachers are always good us students.
(3)The girl is good drawing animals.
(4)Fresh air is good your health.
6.(1)We had learned 1,000 words the end of last term.
(2)We have the final examination the end of every term.
(3)They all passed the entrance examination the end.
7.(1)The teacher is rather strict his pupils.
(2)The teacher is rather strict his work.
8.(1)Paper can be made wood.
(2)Wood can be made paper.
(3)The chairs and tables can be made wood.
(4)The football team is made twenty players and a coach.
9.(1)The children are waiting the railway station their mother.
(2)The children wait their sick mother hand and foot.
10.(1)Henry dropped in Mr Crossette yesterday evening.
(2)Henry dropped in Mr Crossette’s yesterday evening.
答案
1.between,in,from 2. in,into 3.of ,to 4. with,in,on,for 5. in,to,at,for 6.by,at,in 7.with,in 8. from,into ,of ,up 9.at,foron 10. on,at
三.智能显示
【心中有数】
美国英语和英国英语在拼写上的差别探微
1.词尾-or与-our的区别就是英式拼写为-our结尾，但美式拼写为-or。如：
colour=color,favour=favor喜爱，labou=labor劳动，neighbour=neighbor,honour=honor
2.词尾英式拼写为-re，但美式拼写为-er。如：
centre=center,metre=meter
3.词尾英式拼写为-ce，但美式拼写为-se。如：
defence=defense保卫，licence=license护照，practice=practise实践，练习
4.英式拼写中词尾要双写，但美式拼写中不双写。如：
traveller=traveler,travelling=traveling,travelled=traveled
5.英式中的名词以-se结尾，但美式中以-ze结尾。如：
organise=organize组织,realise=realize认识到
6.下面的这些难以归类，前者为英式拼写，后者为美式拼写：
cheque=check支票，tyre=tire轮胎，grey=gray灰色，luggage=baggage行李，
cigarette=cigaret香烟，axe=ax斧子，plough=plow犁，programme=program节目，程序，
storey=story楼层。
【动脑动手】
从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
1.--What will Jimmy do next Sunday ?
--He plans_____fishing.
A. to go B. to go to C. going D. going to
2.--How about going for swimming this Sunday ?
--_____very much.
A. I’ll like it B. I’d like C. I’ll like to D. I’d like to
3.Tom is strong,_______his brother is weak.
A. when B. though C. however D. while
4.I don’t know how the result comes____.
A. about B. on C. out D. over
5.MissShut, who teaches us ____English language, is _____European.
A. the ;an B. the; a C. 不填；an D.不填；a
6.She didn’t find the word____to pronounce.
A. easily B. is easily C. easy D. to be easy
7.I’m going to buy the same dictionary ____you bought .
A. like B. as C. that D. if
8.--Shall I explain it again ?
--Yes, Please. I couldn’t quite what you said.
A. agree with B. know about C. think of D. follow
9.Could you ___how to use the new computer ?
A. explain me B. explain to me C. explain for me D. talk to me
10._____he was interested in medicine, but now he wants to practise____.
A. First;drawing B. At first;drawing C. First;to draw D. At first,;to draw
11.In our hometown, people grow wheat, rice ,cotton,____.
A. and so on B. on and on C. for example D. so far
12.The English_____their language with them when the travelled to other countries.
A. brought B. carried C. took D. taught
13.Have you any trouble _____this problem ?
A. in B. of C. with D. to do
14.It takes ____hard work to finish the experiment.
A. a great many B. a good many C. a number of D. a lot of
15._____English is a bit more difficult to master than _____English.
A. Speaking;writing B. Speaking;written
C. Spoken;writing D. Spoken;written
【答案与简析】1.选A。plan to do“打算干”和go fishing“去钓鱼”的结合。2.选D。当接受别人的邀请时常用：I’d like/love to。意思是“很乐意”。3.选D。因为是两个不同对象比较，while含有对比性。4.选A。 5.选B。6.选C。句型为：find+…+形容词+to do。形容词作宾语补足语。7.选B。the same…as“和……一样”（暗指同一类），the same…that“和……一样”（暗指同一个）。8.选D。从再需要解释可知是用follow表示“明白，听懂”。9.B。explain sth to sb。10.选B。first“首选”，at first“起初，开始时”，practise+-ing。11.A。and so on =etc.=and so forth。12.选C。bring去带……，carry运载……，take随身携带。13.选C。have…trouble/difficulty+(in)+ing=have…trouble/difficulty+with+名词。“在……有困难”。该句型中习惯上不用to do。14.选D。A、B、C都修饰可数名词。D可修饰可数和不可数名词。15.选D。spoken Enlish口语英语，written English书面英语。
【创新园地】
用间接引语将下列对话改写成短文。开关已给出，请续写。（Y--Yang Mei;S--Sara）
Y：Good morning, Sara. I’m Yang Mei.
S：Good morning, Yang Mei. Nice to meet you.
Y：Now we are in the same class. I come from China. I just learned a little English. I have some problems in pronouncing some of the words in English.
S：No, you are doing well. I can follow you.
Y：Thank you.
S：What are you going to do at the weekend ?
Y：I’m going to see a film. Will you go with me ?
S：Yes, with pleasure.
Sara and Yang Mei were new students in the same class at school in America. Before class they had a talk. First, they said“Hi”…
请同学们写完后，把你的答案反馈给我们。
SEFS1A
Unit 3
创新园地答案
Sara and Yang Mei were new students in the same class at school in America. Before class they had a talk, First they said“Hi”to each other. Then Yang Mei told Sara she came from China and she knew only a little English. She also said she had some problems in pronouncing some of the words in English. Sara said Yang Mei was doing fine and she could understand what she said. Yang Mei was thankful. Sara asked what she was going to do at the weekend. Yang Mei was going to see a film and asked Sara to go together.
篇3：高二英语第三单元
科目 英语
年级 高二
文件 high2 unit3.doc
标题 Mainly Revision
章节 第三单元
关键词
内容
一【教学目的和要求】
1.单词和词组
二会： L10 gesture Arab Puerto Rico
L11 communicate host
三会： L9 manage dining room type composition
L10 wave nod
L11distance fist juice one another
四会： L10 body language handshake agreement disagreement Asian kiss custom proud
L11 manner manners comfortable guest
2.日常交际用语
Would you like me to …?
Would you like me to do this for you ?
No, thanks. I can manage it myself.
Is there anything else I can do for you ?
No, thank you. Thanks for all your help.
Can/Shall I help you ?
Would you like some help ?
Thanks/Yes, please.
That’s very kind of you.
3.语法
复习和掌握动词不定式的用法。
二【重点与难点分析】
Lesson 9
1.…Would you like me to carry it ? 要我帮你提着它吗？
No, thanks. I can manage it myself. 不用，谢谢。我自己能行。
此句对话是本课对话学习的重点，如何主动提供帮助和如何回答的日常交际用语。
1)当你主动提出帮助某人时（offering help）,可以使用以下用语：
Can I help you ? 我可能帮忙吗？
Can I do sth for you ? 我能帮你干点什么事吗？
Would you like some/any help? 你要帮忙吗？
Would you like me to do sth. for you? 要我帮你做某事吗？
Do you want me to do sth.？你要我做某事吗？
Let me do sth .for you. 我给你做些事吧。
Is there anything (else ) I can do for you ? 还有什么事我能帮忙吗？
2)当别人向你主动提供帮助，而你愿意接受帮助时，可以回答：
Thanks. 多谢。
Yes, please.好的。
Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。
That’s very kind/nice (of you). （你真是）太好了。
3)当别人向你主动提供帮助，而你想谢绝时，可以回答：
It’s all right. Thank you all the same. 不用了，谢谢你。
No, it’s Ok. Thank you all the same. 不，没关系，谢谢。
No, thanks, but I can manage. 不，谢谢，我能行。
That’s very kind of you, but I can do/manage it myself.
谢谢你的好意，不过我自己能行。
例如：
A. Can I help you with the housework ? 我来帮你做家务吧。
B.No, thanks, but I can do it myself. 不，谢谢，我能自己做。
2.It’s a pleasure to meet you .我很高兴见到你。
表示见面时高兴心情的方式有以下几种：
1)It’s good to see/meet you.
It’s nice to see/meet you.
It’s exciting to see/meet you.
It’s wonderful to see/meet you.
It’s delightful to see/meet you.
2)I’m pleased to meet/see you.
I’m delighted to meet/see you.
I’m glad to meet/see you.
I’m happy to meet/see you.
3)I’ve been looking forward to meeting you.
I’ve been wanting to meet you for a long time.
Lesson 10
1.Although we may not realize it, when we talk with others we make ourselves understood not just by words.
我们同别人谈话时，并不仅限于用言语来让人明白自己的思想，尽管我们可能意识不到这一点。
1)此句是一个复合句。主句是We make ourselves understood not just by words. 它带有两个从句。When we talk with others是时间状语从句；Although we may not realize it是让步状语从句。
2)make sb/sth +过去分词意为“使某人/某事被……”
句中的make ourselves understood直译为“使我们自己被别人了解”，意为“使别人了解我们”。
例如：①The teacher raised his voice trying to make himself heard by the students at the back.
老师提高了嗓音，想让后面的学生听到他所说的话。
②When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood.
讲英语时，务必要让别人明白你的意思。
2.Nodding the head means agreement, while shaking it means disagreement.
点头表示同意，而摇头则表示不同意。
1)句中的while是连词，连接两个并列的分句，表示前后意义上的对比或转折，译作“然而”。
例如：①I like sports, while he enjoys music. 我喜欢运动，而他喜爱音乐。
②Mum was cooking while Dad was watching TV.妈妈在做饭，而爸爸在看电视。
【注】While作“当……时候”解时，指一段时间，不能用来表示一点时间
①While I was sleeping, a thief came into the house.我睡觉时，小偷进了我的屋。
②While in America, I studied music and painting. 在美国时，我学习音乐和油画。
【注】当while从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同，并含有be动词，助动词或连系动词时，
则while从句中的主语连同be动词，助动词或连系动词一块省略，可用这种结构的还有when, after,
once, until, though, as, since等等。例如：
①While watching TV, she fell asleep.当她看电视时，她睡着了。
②When going to school, I met a friend of mine .上学时，我碰到一个朋友。
2)句中的nodding和shaking都是动词nod和shake的-ing形式，它们所构成的短语分别在句中作主语。
3.These gestures are accepted both by Chinese and English speakers as having the same meanings.
这些姿势对说汉语的人和说英语的人来说，都具有相同的意思。
accept…as意为“认为是……”其中accept意为“接受”、“同意（某种看法）”，as是介词，后接名词或-ing形式。例如：
①I can’t accept you as my assistant.我不能接受你作为我的助手。
②We accept the conclusion as true. 我们承认这个结论是对的。
③Waving one’s arms can be accepted as crying for help. 挥舞双臂可能被人认为是呼救。
4.Take nodding the head for example. 比如说点点头这一动作吧。
Take …for example意为“以……为例”，“比如说……”例如：
①Take this problem for example.以这道题为例。
②Take my family for example.就说我的家庭吧。
5.In some Asian countries it means not “yes” but “No”在某些亚州国家，点头的意思不是“是”，而是“不”。
not…but…是一个连词词组，意为“不是……而是”它连接两个并列的句子成分，表示意思上的转折。例如：
1)Not I but he is a teacher. 不是我而是他是一名教师。
2)I saw not Mary but Joan. 我见到的不是玛丽而是琼。
3)That’s not a pen but a pencil. 那不是钢笔而是铅笔。
4)My mother asked me not to go out but to stay at home. 我妈妈要我呆在家里不要出门。
5)He was born not in Beijing but in Tianjin. 他不是生于北京而是生于天津。
【注】not…but连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与紧靠它的主语在人称和数上一致。试比较。
Not the students but the teacher is hoping to go there. 不是学生而是老师希望去那儿。
Not the teacher but the students are hoping to go there. 不是老师而是学生希望去那儿。
6.French people kiss each other hello and goodbye more often than British people.
法国人在见面和告别时相互亲吻比英国人多。
1)kiss sb. goodbye/hello意思是say goodbye /hello to sb. with a kiss.
I kissed her good night. 晚上我与她吻别。
She kissed her mother hello as soon as she got home. 她一到家就亲吻她的妈妈表示问好。
2)kiss v.（风、浪）轻拂
The wind was gently kissing the trees. 微风轻拂着树枝。
7.Generally speaking, people from English-speaking countries do not touch each other very much.
一般地说，英语国家的人不大彼此触碰。
English-speaking countries意为“说英语的国家。”English-speaking是复合词，作定语，修饰countries,这三个词在逻辑上有主谓宾的关系，speaking可看作是countries的动作，是主动关系，因此用-ing形式，English可看作为speaking的逻辑宾语。
8.In Arab countries, you eat using the fingers of your right hand; the left hand is not used at all.
在阿拉伯国家，人们用右手的手指吃饭，左手是根本不用的。
此句中的using the fingers of you right hand是-ing短语，在句中用作方式状语，修饰谓语动词作eat。例如：
①Children usually count the numbers using their fingers .孩子们通常板着指头来数数。
②We show disagreement shaking our heads.我们摇头表示不同意。
9.In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.
在亚洲的某些地区，你不可坐着把脚跷起对着别人。
with your feet pointing at another person是一种“with+复合宾语”的结构，又叫独立主格结构，它是由“with+名词+分词或分词短语”组成，在句中作状语表示伴随动作。分词的形式取决于该动词与前面名词之间的关系，是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。
例如：①The boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the stars in the sky.
小男孩躺在草地上，眼睛望着天上的星星。
②Father usually works in his study with the door locked.
父亲通常锁着门在书房工作。
10.Foreigners should follow these customs when they are visiting these countries.
外国人到这些国家参观访问，就应当遵守这些习俗。
follow意为“遵循，听从，依照……行事。”例如：
We should follow the rules of the lab when we are doing experiments.
我们做实验时，就要遵守实验室的规则。
Lesson 11
1.It is good manners for an Arab to stand close to his friend when they are talking.
阿拉伯人和朋友谈话时，与他站得很近，这是表示有礼貌。
1)manner作“礼貌”讲时，要用复数形式manners.
例如：It is bad manners to leave without saying goodbye. 不辞而别很不礼貌。
2)形式主语it的句型
It is/was +adj/n +(for sb)to do sth.
句型中的for sb to do sth是不定式的复合结构，它是形式主语it所代表的真正主语，其中
的for sb是不定式的逻辑主语。例如：
①It is important for us to learn English well. 学好英语对我们来说很重要。
②It is our duty to help others .帮助别人是我们的责任。
2.The Arab who is friendly will stand close to his friend, but the Englishman will move back in order to keep a certain distance away.
表现友好的阿拉伯人会站得离他的朋友很近，而英国人则会往后挪动，以保持一定距离。句中的keep a certain distance away意为“保持一定的距离”其中certain意为“某个”，“一定的”“某种程度，”在句中作定语。例如：
There is a certain distance between the village and the railway station.
在村庄和火车站之间还有一定的距离。
3.City people in Britain and the United States stand closer than those who live in the country.
英国和美国的城里人比乡下人站的距离近。
句中的those who…相当于peope who,意为“凡……的人”。表示的是两者以上的不定数量。例如：
Those who want to visit the exhibition may write down your names here.
凡想去参观展览会的人可以在我这签名。
试比较：①Anybody who breaks the rules is punished.任何违反规章制度的人将受到惩罚。
②Those who break the rules are punished.
注意主从句的谓语动词要保持一致。
在①句中，主句的主语是Anybody,谓语是is punished, 用单数，Who breaks the rules是定语从句，修饰Anybody, who在从句中作主语，代表Anybody,所以谓语动词breaks也要用单数形式。
在②句中，主句的主语是Those, 谓语是are punished。用复数，who break the rules是定语从句，修饰Those、who在从句中作主语，代表Those，所以谓语动词要用复数形式break。
Lesson 12
Grammar: the Infinitive动词不定式
动词不定式的形式是to+v.,没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化，它可以有自己的宾语，也可以被状语修饰，不定式和它自己的宾语或状语组成不定式短语。不定式或不定式短语在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语和状语，但不能充当谓语，所以它是非谓语动词的一种，在checkpoint3中列举的7个例句说明了不定式的句法作用。
They don’t like to be too close to one another(不定短语作宾语)
They will move back to keep a certain distance away.(不定式短语作目的状语)
Would you like me to do something for you ?(不定式短语作宾语补足语)
Have you got anything to say ?(不定式短语作定语)
It’s a pleasure to meet you.（不定式短语作主语）
Waving one’s hand is to say “Goodbye”.（不定式短语作表语）
I don’t know how to communicate with foreigners .(不定式短语作宾语)
下面再举例归纳说明动词不定式的句法功能。
1.作主语
To learn English well isn’t easy 要学好英语不容易。
【注】①由于主语过长，所以常用it作形式主语。It isn’t easy to learn English well.
②不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
2.作表语
Our work is to clean the windows. 我们的任务是擦窗户。
My idea is to plant some flowers in our garden. 我想在花园里种些花。
3.作宾语
I want to visit the Science Museum. 我想参观科学博物馆。
4.作宾语补足语
I’ve got a bad cold. The doctor advised me to have a rest.
我得了重感冒，医生劝我体息一下。
5.作定语
I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事要告诉你。
I’m very busy. I have a lot of work to do .
我很忙，我有很多工作要做。
6.作状语
He woke up only to find every body gone. 他醒来发现人全走了。
He made up his mind to work harder so as to catch up with the others in his class.
为了赶上班里的其他同学，他下决心更加努力地学习。
三【同步测试】
Ⅰ单项选择
1.Will you speak louder so as to make yourself ?
A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. to hear
2.David was busy at work his wife played cards all day long .
A. however B. while C. so D. therefore
3. Is possible to do the experiment in another way ?
A. that B. this C. what D. it
4. He lives in a house which is close a river.
A. by B. to C. with D. from
5. Not the teacher but the students excited.
A. is B. remains C. are D. being
6. It is very important the lessons before the class.
A. previewing B. to preview C. preview D. of previewing
7. They walked towards the mountain with a boy the way.
A. to lead B. leading C. led D. leads
8. I like reading my brother likes sports.
A. when B. as C. then D. while
9. I found it difficult his question.
A. to answer B. answering C. answer D. in answer
10. The two young men looked at as if one didn’t know the other.
A. each other B. one another C. one other D. the other
11.I think it bad to talk with your mouth full of food.
A. manner B. manners C. behavior D. polite
12. Though he had often made his little sister , today he was made by his little sister.
A. cry, to cry B. crying , crying C. cry, cry D. to cry, cry
13.My mother will not us to go out at night.
A. have B. let C. agree D. allow
14. The scientist came into the lab, by a group of students.
A. following B. to follow C. followed D. to be followed
15. She waved her hands in order to make herself .
A. seeing B. see C. to see D. seen
16. to take the English evening course please fill in this form .
A. Those who want B. Anybodny wants
C. Those that want D. people want
17. Canada is country. Have you ever been there ?
A. an English-spoken B. a speaking-English
C. a spoken-English D. an English-speaking
18. He usually works in his room with the door and windows .
A. closed B. close C. closing D. to be closed
19. you must be quiet or leave the room.
A. either B. both C. neither D. never
20. There was a terrible noise a sudden flash.
A. Was followed B. following C. to follow D. followed
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
A well-known old man was being interviewed(采访)and was asked if it was correct that he has just celebrated his ninety-ninth birthday.
“That’s right.” said the old man. “Ninety-nine years old, and I haven’t an enemy in the world. They’re all dead.”
“Well, sir ”, said the interviewer , “I hope very much to have the honour of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday.”
The old man looked at the young man closely, and said, I can’t see why you shouldn’t. You look fit and healthy to me !”
1. The old man said he had not an enemy in the world, which show that he was a very.
A. friendly man -he never made any enemies.
B. healthy man-he lived longer than all his enemies.
C. lucky man-his enemies had all died.
D. terrible man -he had got rid of all his enemies.
2. When the interviewer said that he hoped very much to have the honour of interviewing the old man again the following year.
A. he was trying to make the old man happy.
B. he wished he himself would live another year.
C. he did not believe the old man would live to be one hundred.
D. he did not believe he would interview the old man again.
3. When the old man said, “I can’t see why you shouldn’t,” what he meant was .
A. “you must try to live another year to interview me again next year. ”
B. “of course you can see me again since you’re so fit and healthy.”
C. “If I live to a hundred years, you should interview me again
D. “unless you live another year, you wouldn’t be able to interview me again.”
4. What kind of man would you say the old man was ?
A. He was silly.
B. He was unpleasant.
C. He was very proud and sure of his health.
D. He was very impolite to young people.
B
Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping（浸）it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle（脆）-that is it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing, can also be used on other materials, such as glass.
1. Annealing can make metal
A. hard and tough（韧） B. hard but brittle
C. soft but tough D. soft and britte
2. Why do people put hot metal in water ?
A. To make it hard B. To make it soft
C. To make it cool D. To make it brittle
3. In annealing, the required hardness of a metal depends on
A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of metal
C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operation
4. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle?
A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly.
B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.
C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly.
D. It can be cooled and then heatly quickly.
【 参考答案】
Ⅰ.单项选择
1. B 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. A
11. B 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. D 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. A 20. B
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A.1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C
B.1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C
篇4：高二英语第三单元
科目 英语
年级 高二
文件 high2 unit3.3.doc
标题 Mainly Revision
章节 第三单元
关键词
内容
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
在不同的国家和地区，表达同一概念，体态语中的手势可能不同，相同的手势却表达不同的概念。例如：表达数字“1”的概念时，我们习惯伸出食指，而瑞士人则伸出拇指；当中国人伸出拇指时绝对不会表示“1”的意思，而是“好”的意思。据说由于手势语的不同，不但产生很多误会，还曾经引起过一些灾难。有一次，一些欧洲海员在地中海游水作乐时不知不觉地游到了海防基地，卫兵见到后向他们大声喊叫，并作出“过来”的手势。此时，海员们意识到离海防工事太近了，但是他们误将卫兵的手势理解为“走开”，于是就向远处游去。警惕的卫兵立即开枪打死了这些不幸者。
在西方国家，有一些特别的、人们都遵循的规矩。不敲门是不能打开关闭的门的；不受邀请是不能进入私人住宅的，当然你自己的住宅除外。在收到礼物时，西方人总是教孩子们说“谢谢”。对于西方人来说，吃饭出声音被视为是不礼貌的，然而在有些国家，这是合适地表达你爱吃主人给你的食物。看来，假如你不知道其它国家的这些规矩，你就会犯可笑的错误。
通过学习本单元，同学们将了解到一些有关身势语的知识，这在跨国语言文化间的交际中具有十分重要的作用。
【指点迷津】
A.单元重点新词读音归类
1.[ ]manage handshake Arab manner
2.[ai]type dining-room
3.[d ]gesture juice
4.[ ]composition nod
5.[u:]communicate juice
6.[ei]handshake wave Asian communicate
7.[i:]agreement disagreement
8.[i]manage composition kiss distance fist
9. [ n]composition Asian
10.[ ]handshake Asian
11.[ ]composition agreement disagreement Arab custom manner distance communicate comfortable
B.单元重点新词透视
1.manage
(1)作及物动词用是“管理、经营；安排，运用；控制”。如：
She has managed the company for many years and managed it very well . 她管理这家公司已经很多年了，而且管理得非常好。
Mike knows how to manage wife when she’s angry . 当他妻子生气时，迈克知道怎样对付。
(2)其后接不定式，作“设法做到……”（含成功的做某事）。如：
We managed to finish the hard work in time . 我们设法及时完成了那项重活。
测试要点：
(1)manage与try的辨异
manage常指“想方设法而成功地做成某事”，强调结果。try常指“试图或努力做某事，成功与否不清楚”。如：
He manageed to get the housework done with very little help .在没有多少帮助的情况下，他把家务活干完了。
He tried to get the housework done with very little help .他企图在没有多少帮助的情况下，把家务活干完。
(2)在交际英语中常用I can manage to / I can manage .
2.wave
(1)作可数名词是“波，波浪，波涛，光或者声的波”。如：The waves rolled on .波涛滚滚。sound waves声波。long / short waves长 / 短波。
(2)作及物或者不及物动词是“波动，漂动，挥手”。如：The flags waved in the winds .旗帜迎风飘扬。
(3)指“情绪的波动，人群的潮涌”。如：Waves of strikes hit the country .罢工的浪潮冲击着这个国家。
测试要点：
wave sb sth = wave sth to sb向某人挥手……
She waved me a greeting . = She waved a greeting to me .她向我挥手致意。
He waved good-by to us .他向我们挥手告别。
3.agreement同意、一致
测试要点：
(1)in agreement表示同意。如：She nodded her head in agreement . 她点头表示同意。
(2)in agreement with和…一致。如：Her opinion is in agreement with mine .她的意见和我的意见一致。
(3)agreement的反义词是disagreement。express one’s disagreement表示某人的不同意见。
4.kiss可作名词、及物动词和不及物动词。意思是“吻，亲吻，用吻表达；轻拂”
The two balls kissed .两球轻轻相碰。
A soft breeze kissed her face . 轻风拂过她的脸。
测试要点：
(1)kiss sb + on + the + check吻某人的脸蛋
(2)kiss sb goodbye = kiss goodbye to sb向某人吻别，kiss hello to sb向某人问好
(3)give sb a kiss吻某人一下
(4)习语：kiss the dust / ground承认彻底失败，kiss of life人工呼吸
5.custom习惯，习俗，风俗
Their customs and habits are different from ours .他们的风俗习惯与我们的不同。
测试要点：
(1)区别custom与habit
custom主要是群体性的不断演变而成的习惯，代表一个国家或者地区的传统，即“习俗、风俗”。habit是指一个动作反复发生，习惯成自然。如：
Social customs are greatly different from country to country .各个国家的社会风俗习惯很不相同。
Biting his fingers is his habit .咬手指是他的习惯。
(2)customs常作“关税”，the Customs海关。
6.proud骄傲的；自豪的。该词的名词形式为pride .
测试要点：
(1)be proud of对……骄傲
We are proud of our great motherland . 我们为我们伟大的祖国骄傲。
(2)be proud to do干……骄傲
She is proud to have taken part in the Asian Games .她为能参加了亚运会而自豪。
(3)feel proud that为……自豪
Our football team feels proud that it has won every match this year .我们的足球队今年每次比赛都赢了，这使全队都感到骄傲。
(4)take (a) pride in以……自豪，对……得意
He takes pride in his success .= He is proud of his success .
(5)with pride = proudly骄傲地，自豪地
(6)谚语：Pride will have a fall .= Pride goes before a fall . 骄者必败。
7.manner方式；态度；举止。manners礼貌
测试要点：
(1)用作单数是“方式，方法，风格，手法”。如：I love duck cooked in Chinese manner / way .我爱吃中国烧法的鸭子。I don’t like his manner of speaking .我不喜欢他的说话方式。
(2)with manners有礼貌，without manners没礼貌
(3)have good manners有礼貌，have no manners没礼貌
(4)区别下列表达“方法”的名词，注意各自的介词搭配：manner , way , means , method
manner指“行为的特殊方式或独特的个人方法”。in the Western manner以西方式的，in a manner = in a way在一定程度上
way常指“一般方式，方法”。in this way用这种方法
means多指抽象或概括性意义的“手段，方法”。by this means有这种方法
method着重为达到目的或解决问题而采取的有系统、有步骤的方法，着重方法的准确有效。with this method用这种方法
8.distance距离
测试要点：
(1)at a distance稍远一点，at a distance of two miles在2英里的距离处，in the distance在远方。如：This oil-painting looks beautiful at a distance .这幅油画站稍远一点看很好看。
In the dark night , we could a light in the distance at sea .在漆黑的夜晚，我们在海上能看到远处的灯光。
(2)distance的形容词是distant
(3)What is the distance from…to …?哪离哪有多远？
(4)make a long distance call打长途电话
C.单元重点词组扫瞄
1.It is a pleasure to do …很高兴地干……
2.Would you like me to do…?你想让我干……？
3.I can manage it myself .我自己能解决。
4.help sb with cooking a meal帮某人做饭
5.show sb to the dining room领……去餐厅= lead sb to the dining-room
6.do the shooping购物，买东西
7.make oneself understood让别人理解自己 make oneself +过去分词“让自己被明白”make sb do让某人干……
8.by words（抽象的）凭借语言，in words口头上，with words用具体的语言，in deeds行动上
9.not just不只是 You can go there not just by bus , but by train .到那里不仅可以坐汽车，还可以坐火车。
10.send messages to sb向某人传递信息 With the help of satellites, we can send messages to other parts of the world .借助卫星，我们可以向世界其它地区传递信息。
11.accept A as B认为 / 承认A是B The police accepted the story as true .警方认为这事是真的。
These gestures are accepted both by Chinese and English speakers as having the same meaning .这些手势和姿态对说汉语的人和说英语的人都是一样的意思。
12.take…for example以……为榜样，take…as an example以……为榜样
Take water for example , it is made up of two gases──hydrogen and oxygen .以水为例，它是由氢和氧两种气体组成的。
Let’s take Lei Feng as a good example for all of us to follow .让我们把雷锋当作我们大家学习的好榜样。
13.shake hands握手，shake hands with sb = shake sb by the hand和某人握手
14.more often than比……更经常 You watch TV more often than I .你看电视次数比我多。
15.do research on从事……研究 = make research on
16.point at指向，对准，point out指出，point to朝……指去 He pointed his gun at the thief .他把枪对准了小偷。
17.follow customs随俗 Foreigners should follow these customs.外国人应该遵守这些习俗。
18.hold up举起，抬起，支撑，耽误。He held up his hand to ask the teacher a question .
The building of the new road has been held up by bad weather .天气恶劣，新路的修筑受到延误。
19.be close to靠近，接近The bus stop is close to our village .公共汽车站离我们村很近。
20.keep a certain distance away (from)与……保持一定的距离
21.communicate with与……交流（通讯、联系） We can communicate with people in most parts of the world by telephone .我们能够用电话同世界上的大部分地区联系。
22.wait in line 排队等候，wait in a long line排长队
23.shou one’s anger at / on对……发泄脾气
24.worry about / over为……烦恼，be worried about担忧……
25.a day or two = one or two days一两天
It is good manners to write or telephone a day or two later to thank your host .一两天后写信或打电话对东道主表示感谢是礼貌的。
D.大纲规定的单元日常核心交际用语指南
1.Offers and Responses（提供帮助和应答）
发现陌生人或不太熟悉的人有困难，一般用下列句子主动提供帮助。
Can I help you ?/ What can I do for you ?/ Is there anything I can do for you ?/ Do you want me to call you a doctor ?/ Let me carry the luggage for you . / Would you like some coffee ?
如果是熟悉的人或朋友，可直接问对方需要什么帮助。
Would you like me to get you a book ? / Do you want me to call you a taxi ? / If you don’t mind , I’ll go and buy them for you . / Here , take my umbrella .
不需要别人帮助时，还是得先表示谢意。
Please don’t worry . I can manage it myself . / Please don’t bother . / Thank you all the same . / No thanks . / Thank you all the same .
2. Model Dialogues（提供帮助和应答的交际示范）
Rose: Hi , Tom . You are carrying so many books .
Tom: Yes , they are very heavy .
Rose: Can I give you a hand ?
Tom: That’s very kind of you . I’m told you are busy these days .
Rose: Certainly , we’ll have our final exam .
Tom: What can I do for you then ? Can I help you with your English ?
Rose: Please don’t bother . Thanks a lot .
E.单元语法学习目标
不定式高考考什么？
动词不定式因其使用广泛，成为高考题中的热点。近五年高考（1995－1999）仅单项填空题中，答案要求用动词不定式的有13题。（有些题的答案虽非不定式，却考查了与不定式的搭配或区别。）
现根据其在句中的形式和作用分述如下：
一、否定形式（在to前加not或never）
1.The patient was warned oily food after the operation .(96)
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
二、完成形式 (to have + 过去分词）
1)表示发生在谓语动作（或状态）之前的动作或状态。
2)用在表示“希望”等含义的动词过去式后，表示未曾实现的计划等。
3)ought to have + 过去分词“本应该做，结果却未做”。
2. I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report . (97)
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
3.Robert is said abroad , but I don’t know what country he studied in . (99)
A. to study B. to have studied C. to be studying D . to have been studying
三、to的替代作用（承接上文，单独用to来代替整个动词不定式）
4.－I’ll be away on a business trip . Would you mind looking after my cat ? (95)
－Not at all . .
A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to
5.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street , but his mother told him .(95)
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
6.－Alice , why didn’t you come yesterday ? (97)
－I , but I had an unexpected visitor .
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
四、to的省略与否
7.Paul doesn’t have to be made , he always works hard .(95)
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
五、句法功能
A.作宾语
不定式与动名词作宾语比较，为高考中的重中之重，重复考查现象明显。
8.We agreed here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet . (95)
A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met
9.－You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting . (95)
－Well , now I regret that .
A. to do B. to be done C. to have done D. having done
B.作宾补/主补（上文的考例1，5，7）
10.－Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls ?
－Yes . They have better players , so I them to win . (99)
A. hope B. expect C. prefer D. want
C.作状语
11.－I had a really good weekend at my uncle’s . (99)
－.
A. Oh , that’s very nice of you B. Congratulations
C. It’s a pleasure D. Oh , I’m glad to hear that
D.作表语
12. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , it more difficult . (99)
A. not make B. not making C. not to make D. do not make E.作表语
13.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door “Sorry to miss you ;will call later .” (99)
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
参考答案：1-5 CBBDA 6-10 CBCDB 11-13 DCD
二、学海导航
【学法指要】
用本单元所学的关键语汇从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
1.His French was very poor , so he couldn’t make himself . But we made him us . That is , he was made all this .
A. understand ; understand ; to understand
B. to understand ; to understand ; understand
C. understanding ; understanding ; understand
D. understood ; understand ; to understand
【简析】答案选D。了解使役动词make的句型可知为什么选D：make + sb + do使别人干……，make + oneself + 过去分词“使别人明白自己”，sb be + made + to do某人被迫去干……
2. I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report .
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
【简析】答案选B。本题大意为：昨晚我本想参加晚会，但我不得不加班工作完成报告。would love / like to do很想干……，would like / love to have done当时很想但未能干……
3.The celebration of Christmas is a western .
A. habit B. manner C. movement D. custom
【简析】答案选D。表达一个民族、国家、地区长期形成的习惯叫习俗，即custom。
4. I talked for a long time , and in the end I make her believe me .
A. tried to B. managed to C. could D. succeeded to
【简析】答案选B。manage to do设法干成了……，try to do设法干……，succeed in doing成功地干……从语境in the end可知最后说服了对方。
5.My first teacher last week and said he was still in good health .
A. shook me by the hand
B. shook me by my hands
C. shook my hand
D. shook hand with me
【答案】选A。和……握手：shake sb by the hand , shake sb’s hands , shake hands with sb。
【妙文赏析】
（一）
The shoulders can bear heavy things . Your father has a great responsibility for the family on his shoulder . When faced with difficulty , the family should stand shoulder to shoulder to overcome it . You should not turn a cold shoulder to your family members . Nor should you give your friends the cold shoulder . Both expressions mean treating others coldly .
肩膀能够负重，你父亲就肩负起家庭担子（have a great responsibility for the family on his shoulder）。有困难时，一家人就应该肩并肩（shoulder to shoulder），同心协力，克服困难。你可不要对家人态度冷淡（turn a / the cold shoulder to sb ），也不要对朋友严厉拒绝（give / show sb a / the cold shoulder），两个短语的意思都是不理睬或者冷落别人。
（二）Indian Sign Language
How would you talk if all your friends spoke a different language ?
Maybe you would talk by making signs the way that American Indians used to do .Long ago , when Indians of one tribe（部落）met Indians of another tribe , they had to make signs with their hands to understand each other .
There are some of the signs they made . Maybe you can make them , too .
When you are hungry , you move your right hand back and forth across your stomach .
When you mean “Let’s eat”, you cup（使成杯形）your right hand and move it up and down in front of your mouth .
When you have had enough to eat , you spread your thumb（姆指）and first finger（食指）apart , and move your hand from your chest to your chin（下巴）.
If you have a stomachache , you put both hands on your stomach , and move them back and forth .
1. In what situation would sign language be used ?
A. When the Indians met each other long ago .
B. When people don’t understand each other’s language .
C. When people who don’t share the same language want to make themselves understood .
D. When people do not make much noise .
2. Long ago , .
A. the Indians had spoken languages .
B. the Indians talked with each other with their hands
C. the Indians of different tribes used sign language to understand each other
D. the Indians preferred to use sign language rather than spoken language
3.Which of the following pictures shows that the Indian was full ?
4.The above picture C shows that .
A. the Indian was inviting us to dinner
B. the Indian had a pain in the stomach
C. the Indian was hungry
D. the Indian had eaten enough
答案：1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B
【思维体操】
请同学们阅读说明后把图和英文配对
WHAT DO THESE GESTURES MEAN？
The following gestures were used by actors in the 19th century . What did they mean , do you know ?
Match the actors’ speech to the gesture :
1. “Please , please , my darling never leave me …or I shall die !”
2. “Never ! How can you think that I would do such a thing !”
3. “I warn you , young man . If I find you doing that again , I shall punish you !”
4. “Of course , my dear , help yourself !”
5. “Please be sensible ! You must stop this stupid behaviour（行为）or you will lose everything !”
6. “I don’t care what I do .”
7. “Get away from me , you filthy, filthy beast（畜生）!”
8. “Of course !Don’t worry about it ! I’ll do it !”
9. “ I will finish my work even if it kills me !”
10. “I don’t agree with you . Now you listen to me !”
11. “Don’t do it . Please don’t do it !”
12.“Perhaps you would like to come for a little walk with me ?”
key:
1.B 2.C 3.E 4.C 5.H 6.F 7.K 8.D 9.I 10.J 11. L 12.A
三、智能显示
【心中有数】
从学习不定期式开始到小品词to的突破
我们在学习英语过程中，碰到了许多以to结尾的词。To是介词还是不定式符号，这是我们要特别注意的。本文试将常见的这些词组作些归纳。下面是根据高考英语《考试说明》而列举的一些常见的以to结尾的词组或短语，希望同学们从高二就开始把不定式的知识点牢牢掌握，并在学习中不断总结。只有这样，才能对不定式的运用游刃有余，在以后的高考测试中稳操胜券。
（一）、常见以介词to结尾的词组。
pay attention to注意、lead to导致、according to按照、object to反对、refer to参考，指、stick to坚持、refer + ing…to + ing喜爱……不爱……、belong to属于、add up to总起来，总结着、next to挨着、get (become、be) used to习惯于、listen to听、do good to对……有益、do harm to对……有害、help oneself to请吃……、be accustomed to习惯于、say hello to向……问好、in addition to除……之外、turn to翻到，求助于、look forward to盼望、set five to放心、devote…to …献于……
1. (MET’88)Mother us stories when we were young .
A. was used to tell B. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling
sb . be used to doing习惯于、sb . used to do过去常干、sth . be used to do被用来干……故选C。
2. (MET’90上海题)We’re looking forward to your country .
A. visiting B. visit C. be visiting D. being visiting
3. (MET’95上海题)She looks forward every spring to the flower lined garden .
A. visit B. paying C. walk in D. walking in
只要掌握look forward to中的to为介词，那么2选A，3选D。至于短语动词中的夹杂状语起修饰性并不喧宾夺主。如：
She found herself looking forward more and more eagerly to the holiday at home .
They looked forward very much to seeing him again .
（二）、常见以不定式符号to结尾的词组。
so as to以便做、It’s worth while + ing (to do )值得做、in order to目的是做、ought to应该做、be willing to乐意做、It takes sb . time to do花时间做、be anxious to急于做、happen to碰巧做、be eager to渴望做、It costs sb + money to do花钱做、be afraid to怕做、chance to恰巧做、be ready to准备做，乐意做、be so + adj + as to do如此……以致于……、be about to正准备做，将做、make up one’t mind to决心做、pretend to假装做、be + adj + enough to do足以做、intend do打算做、used to过去常做、be too …to do太……以致于、would / should love to很想做、plan to计划做、expect to期待做、prefer to do…rather than do宁愿做……而不愿做……
4. (NMET’94) Rather than on a crowded bus , he always prefers a bicycle .
A. ride , ride B. riding , ride C. ride , to ride D. to ride , riding
5. (NMET’90) Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job .
A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to
6. (MET’93上海题) Children at the beginning of this century a lot and themselves greatly even without television .
A. used to read …enjoying
B. used to read …enjoyed
C. were used to reading…enjoy
D. were used to read …enjoying
答案：4.C 5.B 6.B
（三）、特殊结构中的to。
①to构成的短语作插入语。如：
to tell (you) the truth说真的、Truth to tell实不相瞒、to begin / start with首先、to be more exact确切地讲、to make a long story short长话短说，简而言之、to be fair公平地说，凭心而论、to be sure肯定地，毫无疑问地……
②保留to去代表省略的不定式。如：
－Would you like to come to dinner tonight ? (NMET’94)
－I’d like to , but I’m too busy .
－Tom , do you plan to go skating ?
－Yes , we plan to .
③平行结构中的小品词to不可省。如：
To see is to believe . = Seeing is believing .
It’s better to laugh than to cry .
④介词to加名词频频亮相。如：
a monument to the heroes、a bridge to knowledge、a visitor to the city、answer to this problem、keys to the exercises、the entrance to / of a valley、the key to the door、the key to success、a traitor to one’s country、the passage to the room、the notes to the text…
⑤介词to与“情感、心理”相连。如：
to one’s (great) surprise / satisfaction / joy / disappointment / regret…
⑥奇怪的小品副词to。如：
I guessed from the hurrying to and fro〈来来回回〉in the house that something unusual was about to happen .
（四）、to是介词还是不定式符号，根据不同的含义而定。
1.agree to同意
I don’t agree to his proposal . (to是介词)
He agreed to help me two days later .(to是不定式符号)
2.come to来；谈论
He has a lot of money coming to him . (to是介词)
He came to realize that he was wrong .(to是不定式符号)
3.get to到达；逐步
When did you get to the station . (to是介词)
You’ll get to like the work . (to是不定式符号)
4.on the / one’s way to在……途中；即将……
I lost my pen on the way to school . (to是介词)
She is on the way to see a film . (to是不定式符号)
5.happen to发生；碰巧
What happened to you ? (to是介词)
He happened to pass by the station . (to是不定式符号)
（五）、to后与名词、动词构成成语或短语。
go to college上大学 go to school去上学 face to face面对面 put to use利用 get to know知道…… go to bed上床睡觉 go to cinema看电影 sentence sb. to death处死…… come to a stop停止
【动手动脑】
To-infinitive , Infinitive Without To or Just To
英语中不定式有时候要加to，有时候不加to，有时候只要一个to把动词省去不用。到底该怎样正确运用不定式，有些同学对此感到束手无策，那么不妨做下面这些练习，定会对你有所帮助。
1.Don’t ask him to do that if he doesn’t want . (to do , do , to)
2.They could do nothing but . (to wait , wait)
3.We wondered whether (to go , go) forward or turn ,to turn) back .
4.Do what the teacher has told us . (to , to do , do)
5.Hearing this Tom didn’t know whether to laugh or . (to cry , cry)
6.－Would you like to go to the concert with me ?
－Yes , I’d like . (to go , to , go)
7.She doesn’t have to get up so early as she used .(to , to get up)
8. I would rather (to walk , walk) home than (take , to take) a bus .
9.The little child had no choice but . (to cry , cry)
10.Hadn’t you better (to hurry , hurry) if you want to catch the first bus ?
11.－She has to make a special trip to the store to get some salt .
－Does she have ? (to make , to , ×)
12.The policeman let those boys (to go , go), hoping they would learn from their mistake and (to obey , obey) the rules in the future .
13.That’s too good a chance (to let , let) .(pass , to pass)
14.I don’t think he need (tell , to tell) me .
15.I’ll try to help you it . (to do , to )
16.He went to America pennilessly , (return , to return) home forty years as a millionaire .
17.My brother has made a radio (listen , to listen ) to music .
18.They did all they could (help , to help) her .
19.－Ought I to go ?
－Yes , I think you ought . (to , ×)
20.Since you’re tired and sleepy , why not (have , to have) a good sleep ?
21.She has never dared (ask , to ask) them .
22.I dare (to say , say) , it’s going to rain .
23.Are we (bring , to bring) our books to the lecture ?
24.Do (ask , to ask) me if you want anything .
25.Crocodile may , and often do , swimmers . (to attack , attack )
答案及说明：
1.to 2.wait 3.to go , to turn 有对照之意，两个不定式都要带to。 4.to do 5.两个答案都对：whether to laugh or (to) cry可看成成语，译成“啼笑皆非”。6.to 对Would you like to…的回答是：Yes , I’d like to. 7.to 8.walk , take 9.to cry 10.hurry 11.to 对have / has to的回答应该是to。12.go , obey 13.to let , pass 14.tell need第三人称后无词形的变化，说明它是情态动词。 15.to do 16.to return 分词作结果状语表示必然的结果，不定式作结果状语表示没有预料到的结果。 17.to listen has made中的made含义是“制作”，不定式作定语。 18.to help 19.to 20.have why not后接原形动词表示建议。 21.to ask 22.say。I dare say是个固定形式。 23.to bring be to表将来。24.ask。Do / Does / Did放在动词原形前，起强调作用。 25.attack and often do看成插入语，may后接原形动词。
【创新园地】
读谚语，“觅”动物
下列英语谚语中均含动物名称，你能根据字母提示写出它们并把英语句子和后面的汉语句子对照入座吗？
1.When the f preaches , take care of your g .
2.Use a book as a b does flowers .
3.Two d fight for a bone , and a third runs away with it .
4.Though your enemy seem a m , yet watch him like a l .
5.A black h lays a white egg .
6.All a wag their ears .
7.He who rides a t is afraid to dismount .
8.A m remains the same though dresses in silk .
9.Take the b by the horns .
10.Never repeat the words of others like a p .
11.An o is taken by the horns , and a man by the tongue .
12.As the old c crows , so does the young .
13.A thief knows a thief , it is the same with the w .
14.If you run after two h ， you will catch neither .
15.Catch the b before you sell his skin .
16.Where the d is slain , some of her blood will die .
17.As well be hanged for a sheep as for a l .
18.If two men ride on a h ， one must ride behind .
19.If one s leaps over the ditch , all the rest will follow .
20.Who will bell the c ?
A.有谁敢去冒这个险哪？ B.先捉到熊再卖皮。（勿过早乐观。） C.勿鹦鹉学舌。 D.黑鸡生白蛋。丑妇生俊儿。 E.听到狐狸说教，当心鹅儿被盗。 F.榜样的力量是无穷的。 G.一心不能二用。 H.处理难局要果断。 I.即使敌人像老鼠，也要当作狮子防。（不怕强敌，只怕轻敌。） J.像蜜蜂采花那样利用书。（读书要善于吸取其精华。） K.驴子都爱扇耳朵。（驴子摆耳朵，傻瓜装聪明。） L.鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。 M.老公鸡怎么啼，小公鸡怎么叫。（子女学父母。） N.牛因长角而被执，人因失言而陷身。 O.豺狼识豺狼，小偷识小偷。（同声相应，同气相投。） P.雁过留声，车过留辙。 Q.一不做，二不休。（索性蛮干。） R.骑虎难下，进退两难。 S.即便身穿绸缎，猴子还是猴子。 T.凡事总有先和后。（有先必有后。）
（读谚语，“觅”动物）答案
1.fox , geese 2.bee 3.dogs 4.mouse , lion 5.hen 6.asses 7.tiger 8.monkey 9.bull 10.parrot 11.ox 12.cock 13.wolf 14.hares 15.bear 16.deer 17.lamb 18.horse 19.sheep 20.cat
A－20，B－15，C－10，D－5，E－1，F－19，G－14，H－9，I－4，J－2，K－6，L－3，M－12，N－11，O－13，P－16，Q－17，R－7，S－8，T－18
篇5：高一英语第三单元
科目 英语
年级 高一
文件 high1 unit3.doc
标题 American English（美式英语）
章节 第三单元
关键词 高一英语第三单元
内容
高中英语 第一册
Unit 3
一、【目地与要求】
掌握本单元出现的单词和词组
pronounce , medicine , British , however , European , reason , explain , have some difficulty in doing……, ask…for , and so on , more or less , change…into…, come about , bring in , a great many ,等等……。
二、【日常交际用语】
Would you please say that again more slowly ?
How do you pronounce／spell… ?
I’m sorry I know only a little English .
I have some difficulty in doing sth .
I’m sorry I don’t quite follow you .
What does this word mean ?
三、【知识重点与难点分析】
1.I have some difficulty in pronouncing some of the words in English .
在某些英语单词的发音上我有些困难。
have some difficulty (in) doing sth
这是一个很常见的句型。意思是“在做某事方面有困难”。
其中介词in常可省略。在此句型中difficulty是用作不可数名词，所以前面不能加不定冠词“a”，也不能改为复数形式。但difficulty前可加any , no等词，例如：
Do you have any difficulty in translating this sentence into English ?
你把这句子翻译成英语有困难吗？
WE HAD NO DIFFICULTY IN FINDING HIS HOUSE YESTERDAY EVENING . (=WE DIDN’T HAVE ANY DIFFICULTY……)
昨晚，我们毫不费劲地就找到了他的家。
2.When do you take your near exams ?
你们下一次考试是什么时候？
注意本句中用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。本句相当于：When will you take your next exams ?
此句用法只限于将来的事件是“列入日程”的，也就是说，是按计划或时刻表将要发生的事，则可以用一般现在时来表示将来。
例如：
When does the winter vocation begin ?
寒假什么时候开始？
What time does the train leave for Shanghai ?
开往上海的列车几点开车？
The plane takes off at ten A.M.
飞机上午十点起飞。
3.Pardon ? Would you please say that again more slowly ?
对不起，请慢点再说一遍好吗？
Pardon ? =Beg pardon ? =I beg your pardon?
是“对不起，请原谅”的意思。这里当没听清楚或没听懂对方话时，希望对方重复一遍的礼貌用语。意思是“I didn’t hear／understand what you said”同下句“I’m sorry , I don’t quite follow you .”一样，也是希望对方重说一遍的用语。
4.Written English is more or less the same in both Britain and America , though there are some spelling differences .
在英国和美国，书面英语大体上是相同的，尽管在拼法上有些差异。
more or less 作“或多或少”、“大约”、“差不多”、“几乎”解。
例如：
This work is more or less finished .
这件工作大体上已经完成了。
I’ve more or less finished reading the book .
我差不多已经把这本书看完了。
It took more or less a whole day to paint the ceiling .
粉刷天花板用了大约一整天的时间。
I think it’s more or less a crime .
我认为这或多或少是一种犯罪行为。
5.How did these differences come about ?
这些差异是如何产生的呢？
come about意思是“发生”，“造成”。与happen , take place意思相近。
How did this accident come about ?
这个事故是怎么发生的？
Nobody knows how the change came about ?
没人知道这种变化是怎样发生的？
Can you tell me when it came about ?
你能告诉我这是何时发生的吗？
6.At first ,the language stayed the same as the language used in Britain ,but slowly the language began to change from one part of the world to another.
起初，这种语言同在英国使用的语言仍然相同，但是，慢慢地它开始在一个又一个地区发生变化。
1)句中的stay是连系动词，作“保持（某种状态）”解。相当于remain , keep的意思。通常后边跟形容词作表语。
例如：
This restaurant stays open till twelve o’clock .
这家餐馆一直营业到12点。
The temperature has stayed high this week .
这个星期气温一直都很高。
2)the same as／the same…as
是“和…一样”的意思。
例如：
Your bike is the same as mine .
你的自行车和我的自行车是一样的。
I have the same trouble as you(have).
我和你有同样的困难。
I feel just the same as you do .
我和你们的感觉是一样的。
Jenny looks the same as before .
珍妮看上去同过去一样。
Mary is about the same age as your mother .
Mary大约是和你母亲同岁。
7.Sometimes , the English spoken in America or Canada or Australia changed ; but sometimes the language spoken in these places stayed the same , while the language in England changed.
有的时候，美国，加拿大或澳大利亚所说的英语发生了变化；但有的时候，这些地方所说的英语保持不变，而英国说的英语发生了变化。
1)在句中“spoken in America or Canada or Australia”和“the language”，其作用相当于定语从句。
如：Sometimes , the English which was spoken in America or Canada or Australia changed ; but sometimes the language (Which was spoken)in England changed .
2.which在句中是并列连词，表示两种情况的对照，对比或相反的情况，意思是“进而”、“而”、“却”。
例如：
He is tall while his elder brother is short .
他个子高而他的哥哥个子却矮。
English is understood all over the world while turkish is spoken by only a few people outside turkey itself .
英语世界通行，而土耳其语离开本国就很少有人说了。
8.But Americans still talk about “fall” just as people do in some parts of western England .
但是，美国人还是说“fall”，就像英格兰有些地区的人说“fall”一样。
1)本句中的助动词do与下句“In the same way Americans use the expression”I guess “(meaning “I think ”) just as the British did 300 years ago .”中的did的用法是相同的。它们分别代替上文中出现过的谓语动词“talk”和“use”，以避免不必要的重复。
2)just as , as是连词，引导一个表示方式的状语从句，意思是“正如”，“恰似”，“按照”。
例如：
Please do as I’ve told you .
请按我说的去做。
I have changed it as you suggest .
我已按照你的建议作了修改。
She loves singing and dancing , just as her mother does .
正如她母亲一样，她也喜欢唱歌跳舞。
Please leave everything just as you find it .
请让一切都保持原状吧。
9.a great many + 名词／of代词，这里一个固定搭配用法，作“许多”，“非常多”解（=a large number of ）. many在句中可用作形容词，也可用作代词。
例如：
A great many workers went on stride last week .
上周许多工人举行了罢工。
Now a great many of them are out of work .
现在他们当中许多人都失业了。
10.There are several reasons for this .
这种情况的原因有几个。
1)the／ one’s reason for sth or doing sth是一个固定搭配的用法，作“…的原因、理由”解，the reason后不能用of。
the reason why +从句，意思也是“…的原因”。在口语中也可以用the reason that .
例如：
Give me your reasons for doing it .
告诉我你做那件事的理由。
What is the reason for your hurry ?
你为什么这么匆忙？
This is the reason why he didn’t pass the examination .
这就是他考试不及格的原因。
The reason that he didn’t pass the exam was that he didn’t work hard enough .
他考试不及格的原因是学习不够努力。
3)reason与cause的区别。
reason与cause作名词时都有“原因”和“理由”的意思。reason通常指产生某种行为 或想法的推理上的理由，而cause通常指导致某一事件发生的起因。reason常和for连用，而cause常和of连用。
例如：
Please give me your reason for absence .
请你把缺席的理由告诉我。
The cause of the fire is still unknown .
这场大火的起因还不知道呢。
11.…they also brought in some words from their own languages .
…他们也把自己语言中的一些词汇带到英国中来了。
bring in是动词词组。意思是“带进来”，“请进来”，“赚得”，“带来收入”。
例如：
We’ll bring in a professor to give us a lecture on the difference between American English and British English.
我们准备请一位教授来给我们讲一讲美国英语和英国英语的差异。
Don’t bring Peter in .He will do nothing to help us .
不要请Peter来，他不会帮我们什么忙的。
His orchards bring(him)in ＄2000 a year .
他的果园每年可赚二千美元。
He does odd jobs that bring him in ten to twelve pounds a week .
他做零工每月可赚十至十二英镑。
12.I have some difficulties with pronunciation .
我在发音方面有些困难。
在这句中difficulty是可数名词，意思是“sth difficult to do or understand =难事，难做的 事或难懂的事。”
例如：
She met with many difficulties when she was traveling in Japan .
她在日本旅行时遇到了许多伤脑筋的事。
I want to marry her , but my parents are making difficulties .
我想同她结婚，但我父母却从中阻挠。
13.I don’t have any more tapes .
我再也没有磁带了。
not…any more／no more 意思是“不再”，“再也不”。
例如：
She said that she wouldn’t go there any more .(=she said she would go there no more .)
她说她再也不会到那儿去了。
We couldn’t stand it any more .
我们再也忍受不了了。
I don’t want to see him any more .
我再也不想见到他了。
14.I practised writing them for homework .
我在作业中练习写这些（汉字）。
practise sth or doing sth 练习做某事。注意practise后要跟名词或动名词，不能跟不定 式。
例如：
They are practising speaking English with some foreigners now .
现在，他们正在同外国人练习说英语呢。
He practises running every morning .
他每天早晨都练习跑步。
四、【背景知识】
英国英语和美国英语之间的区别主要有以下几个方面：
1)在词汇方面的区别：
gas／gasoline(美)──petrol(英)； baggage(美)──luggage(英)；
package(美)──parcel(英)； mail(美)──post(英)；
movie(美)──film(英)； subway(美)──underground(英)；
stairway(美)──staircase(英)； soccer(美)──football(英)等。
2)在拼写方面的区别：
check(美)──cheque(英)； jail(美)──gaol(英)；
tire(美)──tyre(英)；
美国英语一般用-or词尾，英国英语用-our词尾：
color──colour； favor──favour；
labor──labour等。
美国英语用-er词尾，英国英语用-re词尾：
center──centre； meter──metre；
theater──theatre等。
美国英语不双写辅音字母l，英国英语要双定辅音字母l：
marveled──marvelled； quarreler──quarreller；
traveling──travelling等。
3)在读音方面的区别：
again[′gein](美)──[′gen](英)；clerk[kl:k](美)──[kla:k]；
laboratory[′lebrtri](美)──[l′brtri](英)；
此外，像dance , class , fast , half , past这些词中的元音字母a ，美国英语读作[ e ]，英国英语读作[ a :]，如[dens](美)──[da :ns](英)；[kl es](美)──[kla :s](英)；[f est](美)──[fa:st](英)等。
4)语法方面的区别：
在表示汉语“有”的概念时，美国英语多用动词have，英国英语多用动词完成式have got。
例如：I have a new car.(美)──I have got a new car.(英)。又如，美国英语说I insisted that everything be ready by six o’clock that evening，而在当前标准英国英语里，这类虚拟语气形式是“should”+动词原形，也就是：I insisted that everything should be ready by six o’clock that evening .
尽管美国英语和英国英语有着上述的一些区别，但这些区别并不影响相互之间的交际。
高三英语第三单元 Australia（合集5篇）
