从阅读理解过程谈大学英语课文阅读教学

【导语】“高低大小”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了18篇从阅读理解过程谈大学英语课文阅读教学，以下文章小编为您整理后的从阅读理解过程谈大学英语课文阅读教学，供大家阅读。

篇1：从阅读理解过程谈大学英语课文阅读教学

从阅读理解过程谈大学英语课文阅读教学

阅读是一种输入功能,通过阅读可以得到必要的.语言输入,从而扩大词汇量,增强语感,提高语言应用能力.随着阅读理解的重要性逐渐得到认同,广大有识之士都在研究如让学生进行有效的语言输入,以提高学生的阅读能力,本文将从阅读理解过程的层面来探讨大学英语课文阅读教学的方法,在阐述阅读理解过程的理论之后,提出了坚持课文整体教学等有关教学方法,论述如何利用课文阅读材料来逐步提高学生的阅读能力和培养学生的阅读乐趣.

作 者：黄丽华 HUANG Li-hua  作者单位：福建对外经济贸易职业技术学院,福建,福州,350007 刊 名：福建教育学院学报 英文刊名：JOURNAL OF FUJIAN INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION 年，卷(期)：2007 8(10) 分类号：H319.3 关键词：阅读理解   课文教学   图式理论  

篇2：大学英语四级阅读理解

大学英语四级阅读理解

第一，A→Q→AA=Article，Q=Question，即先从整体去阅读文章，后看问题，接着根据文章去解答问题。对于这种解题思路多为考生在平时常用的练习方式，它可以帮助考生准确把握文章的主旨大意及作者写文章的目的意图，因而对于解决综合推理判断的题目是非常好的方法，但这种方法却有其弊端：花费一定的时间，阅读速度较慢。在考场上，时间对考生来说是极其宝贵的，因而在考试中很多考生较少采用此种办法。

第二，Q→A→Q，即先把整个问题快速看一遍，然后带着问题在文章中找答案。此种方法最大的特点就是节省时间，而且针对性很强，如果问题是事实性的和细节性的，那准确率也是比较高的，但它的缺点就是在解决具有推理判断或是综合性的问题时效果就不太明显了。所以考生应该灵活应对，寻找适合自己的解题技巧。为此，笔者总结归纳出如下几种方法：

1.直接法和排除法。所谓的直接法即为在文章中很容易找到的答案，类似这样的题目大多设计在开头的小题目中，较为容易;排除法是根据你所阅读的印象，可以发现这是虚假信息，在干扰你的思维，有的干扰项在文章中隐藏得很深，需要你加倍留意。

2.相似法和跳读法。考生可以根据题干中所出现的相关的重要的某几个信息词或句式，在文章的某一处找到其相同或相似的词及句式，然后根据此处所提供的信息进行加工整合，最终提炼出精华，实际上这一处理过程就包含了跳读法，考生不需要逐字逐行地去查找，根据题干的提示跳读找到相关的句子，加以分析推敲，从而找到正确的答案。

3.猜测法和推敲法。在高考的试题当中经常会出现这样的题目，即让考生根据某一段话来猜测某一生词或句子的意思，对此考生只能在某一出处细细品味推敲上下文所包含的意思，从而找到答案。

4.概括法和推理法。此种方法主要用来解决一组题目中的最后一二道综合题目，这类题目难度相对较大，需要考生具有一定的解题能力，运用概括推理法的前提条件是认真阅读文章开头一段和最后的结尾，同时文章中每一段的第一句话。

以上方法需要在平时多加训练，注重总结，真正变成自己的解题法宝。

英语四级阅读理解复习计划

制定一个好的英语计划能够让你事半功倍，特别是对于课余时间空闲的大学生来说。因此我们平时要注意不要虚度空余时间、多利用学校的免费资源、注意考前强化、考试时一定要镇定。

一、千万不要虚度空余时间

在闲暇时间经常背背单词，不要用单词书背，而是选择边读文章边记下自己想背的单词，做成自己专属的单词本，这样背单词更容易培养语感和对英语学习的兴趣，单词也更容易记牢。养成看英语电影的习惯，但不追求情节，而是借此练习听力，对照剧本学习语句。不要因为没有人监督自己的学习就懈怠了英语，只有不断保持一定量的训练，才不会生疏。

二、多使用互联网、图书馆等免费资源

例如平时可以上好学网查阅资料，跟进自己感兴趣的节目，查找一些有利于自己学习的英语软件(能飞视听学习软件)，一方面可以提高英语学习的兴趣，另一方面可以拓宽英语方面的视野，训练自己的语感，习惯用英语阅读。图书馆有外文资料，比如说报纸杂志等，可以有空就去阅读，养成摘抄的习惯，在优美的句子的熏陶下，自己用英文写作也慢慢不成问题。

三、考前强化

四级考试的考前强化不用太早，大概在考试前一个多月开始每周做一套真题或者模拟题，每天做几题同类型的题目训练自己的速度就可以了。一定要掐时间，并且在做题的过程中总结做题规律，做题的顺序，而且应该细致到每一小题应该用什么步骤做，才能保证自己高效率地在规定时间内做完题目并保持正确率。

考试前的强化训练也要科学的进行，比如尽量把时间安排在考试时段，使大脑的思维习惯于在那个时段用英语思考。每种题型都要进行练习，并重点练习自己不熟练的题型，不断分析自己的错误主要出现在哪里，举一反三，节省时间。

四、考试镇定

考试前休息好是非常重要的，良好的精神状态可以保证你在考试的时候正常发挥。但是，也不能太过放松，以“裸考”的心态去应付，拿高分是不太可能的。最好的状态时调整到比较兴奋但又能静下心来的阶段，这样能帮助自己快速融入考试。

英语四级阅读理解解题方法

一、背诵

通过范文的背诵，考生可以有针对性的了解高分范文的写作特点，积累写作常用的词语表达，和闪光句型，解决考生在进行写作训练时，心中有千言万语，笔下无一言的困境。但是，考生一定要谨记，高分范文的背诵在精不在多，20篇足够，但现在离考试还有一周的时间，能背上10篇就可以了，但是一定要背的滚瓜烂熟，张口就能说，提笔就能写。

很多考生抱怨过，我背了很多范文，可还是什么也写不出来，根本原因就是这些范文背诵不够熟练，根本没有深化成自己的东西。

二、默写，保证质量还要控制时间

光背是不够的。有些同学基础不太好，好多单词自己觉得会了，其实还是不会拼写。默写的过程就是对自己背诵情况的一个检查，默写不是抄写，所以一篇文章背熟了之后，把书合上，把它默写下来。默写下来之后对照一下范文，会发现，如果和范文的意思一致，但有些错误，比如语法、拼写、标点的错误。文章背得滚瓜烂熟还是写错了，那么上了考场更不可能写对了。这就是你写作的弱点。然后对照范文，寻找差距。哪些地方写错了，把它纠正过来。

三、仿写

模仿进行写作。背完一篇文章之后，要有意识地积累表达。比方说，这篇文章中有没有万能词汇，或者常用的句型。背完每篇文章之后，使用这篇文章的表达，去写另一道题目。比如背完的作文，用它去练的作文。换一道题目，这些表达尽可能多的去使用。如果平时不用，上了考场是想不到的。

每个考生可以摸索出属于自己的作文框架，做到带着自己“写好的作文”进考场。

篇3：大学英语四级阅读理解

The Present Is the Most Important

Shams and delusions are esteemed for soundest truths, while reality is fabulous. If men wouldsteadily observe realities only, and not allow themselves to be deluded, life, to compare it withsuch things as we know, would be like a fairy tale and the Arabian Nights’ Entertainments. If werespected only what is inevitable and has a right to be , music and poetry would resoundalong the streets. When we are unhurried and wise, we perceive that only great and worthythings have any permanent and absolute existence, --that petty fears and petty pleasure arebut the shadow of reality. This is always exhilarating and sublime. By closing the eyes andslumbering, by consenting to be deceived by shows, men establish and confirm their daily life ofroutine and habit everywhere, which still is built on purely illusory foundation. Children, whoplay life, discern its true law and relations more clearly than men, who fail to live worthily, butwho think that they are wiser by experience, that is, by failure. I have read in a Hindoo book,that “there was a king’s son, who, being expelled in infancy from his native city, was brought upby a forester, and, growing up to maturity in that state, imagined himself to belong to thebarbarous race with which be lived. One of his father’s ministers having discovered him,revealed to him what he was, and the misconception of his character was removed, and heknew himself to be a prince. So soul, from the circumstances in which it is placed, mistakes itsown character, until the truth is revealed to it by some holy teacher, and then it knows itself tobe Brahme.” We think that that is which appears to be. If a man should give us an account ofthe realities he beheld, we should not recognize the place in his des cription. Look at ameeting-house, or a court-house, or a jail, or a shop. Or a dwelling-house, and say what thatthing really is before a true gaze, and they would all go to pieces in your account of them. Menesteem truth remote, in the outskirts of the system, behind the farthest star, before Adamand after the last man. In eternity there is indeed something true and sublime. But all thesetimes and places and occasions are now and here. God himself culminates in the presentmoment, and will never be more divine in the lapse of all ages. And we are enabled toapprehend at all what is sublime and noble only by the perpetual instilling and drenching ofthe reality that surrounds us. The universe constantly and obediently answers to ourconceptions; whether we travel fast or slow, the track is laid for us. Let us spend our lives inconceiving then. The poet or the artist never yet had as fair and noble a design but some of hisposterity at least could accomplish it.

篇4：大学英语四级阅读理解

Forecasting of Statistics

Nearly two thousand years have passed since a census decreed by Caesar Augustus become part of the greatest story ever told. Many things have changed in the intervening years. The hotel industry worries more about overbuilding than overcrowding, and if they had to meet an unexpected influx, few inns would have a manager to accommodate the weary guests. Now it is the census taker that does the traveling in the fond hope that a highly mobile population will stay long enough to get a good sampling. Methods of gathering, recording, and evaluating information have presumably been improved a great deal. And where then it was the modest purpose of Rome to obtain a simple head count as an adequate basis for levying taxes, now batteries of complicated statistical series furnished by governmental agencies and private organizations are eagerly scanned and interpreted by sages and seers to get a clue to future events. The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers made out, and as regards our more immediate concern, the reliability of present day economic forecasting, there are considerable differences of opinion. They were aired at the celebration of the 125th anniversary of the American Statistical Association. There was the thought that business forecasting might well be on its way from an art to a science, and some speakers talked about newfangled computers and high-falutin mathematical system in terms of excitement and endearment which we, at least in our younger years when these things mattered, would have associated more readily with the desc ription of a fair maiden. But others pointed to the deplorable record of highly esteemed forecasts and forecasters with a batting average below that of the Mets, and the President-elect of the Association cautioned that “high powered statistical methods are usually in order where the facts are crude and inadequate, the exact contrary of what crude and inadequate statisticians assume.” We left his birthday party somewhere between hope and despair and with the conviction, not really newly acquired, that proper statistical methods applied to ascertainable facts have their merits in economic forecasting as long as neither forecaster nor public is deluded into mistaking the delineation of probabilities and trends for a prediction of certainties of mathematical exactitude.

篇5：大学英语四级阅读理解

The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Des criptions like ‘ Palaeolithic Man’, ‘Neolithic Man’, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label ‘Legless Man’. Histories of the time will go something like this: ‘in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks. ’

The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world – or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what? And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song: ‘I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see? I saw the sea.’ The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says ‘I’ve been there. ’ You mention the remotest, most evocative place-names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to say ‘I’ve been there’ – meaning, ‘I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else. ’

When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travellers.

篇6：大学英语四级阅读理解

When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it’s amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don’t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.

It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.

Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally – admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.

篇7：大学英语四级阅读理解

Europe’s Gypsies, Are They a Nation?

The striving of countries in Central Europe to enter the European Union may offer anunprecedented chance to the continent’s Gypsies (or Roman) to be recognized as a nation,albeit one without a defined territory. And if they were to achieve that they might even seeksome kind of formal place—at least a total population outnumbers that of many of the Union’spresent and future countries. Some experts put the figure at 4m-plus; some proponents ofGypsy rights go as high as 15m.

Unlike Jews, Gypsies have had no known ancestral land to hark back to. Though their languageis related to Hindi, their territorial origins are misty. Romanian peasants held them to be bornon the moon. Other Europeans (wrongly) thought them migrant Egyptians, hence thederivative Gypsy. Most probably they were itinerant metal workers and entertainers whodrifted west from India in the 7th century.

However, since communism in Central Europe collapsed a decade ago, the notion ofRomanestan as a landless nation founded on Gypsy culture has gained ground. TheInternational Romany Union, which says it stands for 10m Gypsies in more than 30 countries, isfostering the idea of “self-rallying”. It is trying to promote a standard and written form of thelanguage; it waves a Gypsy flag (green with a wheel) when it lobbies in such places as theUnited Bations; and in July it held a congress in Prague, The Czech capital. Where PresidentVaclav Havel said that Gypsies in his own country and elsewhere should have a better deal.

At the congress a Slovak-born lawyer, Emil Scuka, was elected president of the InternationalTomany Union. Later this month a group of elected Gypsy politicians, including members ofparliament, mayors and local councilors from all over Europe (OSCE), to discuss how topersuade more Gypsies to get involved in politics.

The International Romany Union is probably the most representative of the outfits that speakfor Gypsies, but that is not saying a lot. Of the several hundred delegates who gathered at itscongress, few were democratically elected; oddly, none came from Hungary, whose Gypsiesare perhaps the world’s best organized, with some 450 Gypsy bodies advising local councilsthere. The union did, however, announce its ambition to set up a parliament, but how itwould actually be elected was left undecided.

So far, the European Commission is wary of encouraging Gypsies to present themselves as anation. The might, it is feared, open a Pandora’s box already containing Basques, Corsicans andother awkward peoples. Besides, acknowledging Gypsies as a nation might backfire, just whenseveral countries, particularly Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, are beginning to treatthem better, in order to qualify for EU membership. “The EU’s whole premise is to overcomedifferences, not to highlight them,” says a nervous Eurocrat.

But the idea that the Gypsies should win some kind of special recognition as Europe’s largestcontinent wide minority, and one with a terrible history of persecution, is catching on . Gypsieshave suffered many pogroms over the centuries. In Romania, the country that still has thelargest number of them (more than 1m), in the 19th century they were actually enslaved. Hitlertried to wipe them out, along with the Jews.

“Gypsies deserve some space within European structures,” says Jan Marinus Wiersma, aDutchman in the European Parliament who suggests that one of the current commissionersshould be responsible for Gypsy affairs. Some prominent Gypsies say they should be moredirectly represented, perhaps with a quota in the European Parliament. That, they argue,might give them a boost. There are moves afoot to help them to get money for, among otherthings, a Gypsy university.

One big snag is that Europe’s Gypsies are, in fact, extremely heterogeneous. They belong tomany different, and often antagonistic, clans and tribes, with no common language or religion,Their self-proclaimed leaders have often proved quarrelsome and corrupt. Still, says,Dimitrina Petrova, head of the European Roma Rights Center in Budapest, Gypsies’ sharedexperience of suffering entitles them to talk of one nation; their potential unity, she says,stems from “being regarded as sub-human by most majorities in Europe.”

And they have begun to be a bit more pragmatic. In Slovakia and Bulgaria, for instance, Gypsypolitical parties are trying to form electoral blocks that could win seats in parliament. InMacedonia, a Gypsy party already has some—and even runs a municipality. Nicholas Gheorge,an expert on Gypsy affairs at the OSCE, reckons that, spread over Central Europe, there arenow about 20 Gypsy MPS and mayors, 400-odd local councilors, and a growing number ofbusinessmen and intellectuals.

That is far from saying that they have the people or the cash to forge a nation. But, with theGypsy question on the EU’s agenda in Central Europe, they are making ground.

篇8：大学英语四级阅读理解

Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. ‘It’s iniquitous,’ they say, ‘that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays…’

The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.

Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.

We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!

Another thing we mustn’t forget is the ‘small ads.’ which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the ‘hatch, match and dispatch’ column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or ‘agony’ column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is!

篇9：现代文阅读教学论文 从阅读心理的角度谈现代文阅读教学

现代文阅读教学论文 从阅读心理的角度谈现代文阅读教学

现代文阅读教学论文 从阅读心理的角度谈现代文阅读教学

殷飞

（江苏省如东高级中学，226400）

摘要：学生的阅读心理主要包括速成心理、喜恶心理、取舍心理、认同心理、偏执或盲从心理、质问心理等。关注课堂阅读教学中学生的阅读心理，有助于教师因势利导、因材施教。以现代文阅读为例，教师可循序渐进地进行引领和指导：引之以“欲”，激发阅读兴趣；细化目标，培养思维品质；指导方法，开展探究性阅读。

关键词：阅读心理 现代文阅读 举措

一、学生的阅读心理扫描

阅读教学活动实质上是一种“人”“文”对话的思维活动。语文课程标准在总目标中提出要“全面提高学生的语文素养”，这就要求我们要由注重研究“文”向更加关注研究“人”的方向转变，具体到教学中，应当更加关注学生的阅读心理，以更好地因势利导、因材施教。学生的阅读心理主要有：

1.速成心理，即忽视对文本的细细品读而急于寻求答案的心理。在阅读教学中，很多学生匆匆浏览文本后，就忙着以“题”对文，这会导致理解上的偏差甚至错误。这种心理极为普遍。

2.喜恶心理，即对文本本身的喜欢或厌恶的心理。有数据表明，学生对文学类文本（尤其是小说、散文），喜欢的占70%以上；对实用类文本，喜欢的占78%以上；而对论述类文本，喜欢的仅占56%。学生对不同阅读文本的喜恶，直接导致阅读中情感倾向的明显差异。

3.取舍心理，即对文本多方面内容的关注或忽略的心理。学生由于阅读兴趣不同，知识、能力和审美的能级不同以及情感倾向不同，往往表现出对作品理解和感悟的主观取舍不同。一项关于学生自主阅读的调查结果表明，更多的学生只是也只能关注阅读文本的思想内容方面，仅有很少（甚至几乎没有）的学生能自觉关注阅读文本的语言、结构、表达等艺术方面的特性；90%以上的学生能自觉地关注文本中的显性内容，却不能发现和思考文本中的隐性内容。

4.认同心理，即对阅读教学目标以及结论答案接受认同的心理。阅读教学必须要明确阅读什么、思考和理解什么、怎样才能获得某种感悟和收获等问题。对于这些问题的结论或答案，学生只有认可了，才能从中获得阅读的成就感、满足感。然而，这种认同的获得，多数表现为学生的被动接受。长此以往，这种扭曲的认同心理往往会转变成学生的依赖心理，他们自主学习、主动思考的意识和能力就会日渐削弱，直至消失。

5.偏执或盲从心理，即对文本理解的偏颇固执或趋众附和的心理。对阅读文本理解的偏颇固执，源于对文本整体理解和局部剖析的不全面和不深刻、思维出现漏洞、思考缺乏严谨性、表达出现偏差甚至紊乱。而趋众附和，则是由于学生是非判断能力不强而造成的，人云亦云，缺少自信力。

6.质问心理，即善于提问和追问的心理。具有质问心理的往往是少数学生。他们往往不满足于已有的结论或答案，喜欢追问这种结论或答案是怎样来的，喜欢反思自己的理解和感悟出了什么问题、症结在哪里、如何纠正错误、怎样全面准确地回答问题等。有着这一心理的学生更多地关注阅读理解的思路、思考表达的方法和应该掌握的一些阅读技能和技巧，等等。

二、现代文阅读的指导举措

阅读教学中，教师应针对学生的不同阅读心理，采取积极有效的应对策略，引导学生走到科学思维、有效阅读的轨道上来。比如现代文阅读，教师可循序渐进地进行引领和指导。

（一）引之以“欲”，激发阅读兴趣

学生轻视文本阅读或是对阅读存在厌恶心理，主要是对文本没有阅读“欲望”。教师应当根据不同的阅读文本采取相应的方法，消除学生对阅读文本的疏离感。

一方面，教师激发学生阅读兴趣的指向性要十分明确，这种“指向”要讲究艺术性，即要能拉近学生与文本之间的距离，要快速而有效地切入文本，让学生带着强烈的求知欲走进文本。(语文教学论文 )此外，应当要求学生在阅读文章时，把握阅读速度的“快”与“慢”，理清文章内容的“纲”与“目”，梳理行文思路的“骨架”与“血肉”，标出内涵丰富的“语句”与“细节”，等等。

另一方面，有效的主体参与，才能使得学生的阅读“欲望”得以保持。阅读教学活动是“多边”联系、“双边”互动的复杂活动。“多边”联系，是指教师与文本、学生与文本、教师与学生之间的联系；“双边”互动，是指教师的“教”与学生的“学”之间的互动。课堂上，教师除了让学生理解和接受导读之外，更要让学生始终处于主体地位。学生的认同心理是建立在教师的学术权威性基础之上的，但是这种“权威”不可束缚、压抑学生的思维，要建立一种平等、民主、和谐的环境，为学生提供更为广阔的思维空间和展示阅读成果的平台。适时点拨、中肯评价、科学引领、规范表达，能够使得学生的认同感转化成一种经过了亲自思考、亲身实践，去伪存真、去粗取精之后的成就感和自豪感。

（二）细化目标，培养思维品质

文本是语言艺术的凝结，这种艺术无论是侧重描述形象、唤起阅读者生动的形象感，还是侧重阐述事理、给予阅读者严谨的逻辑感，都是作者借助语言文字精心构建、宣泄情感的独特表现形式。阅读教学有着综合性的特点。所谓综合性，是指阅读教学必须针对文本的内容、思想、情感、语言、结构、表现手法等，全面、准确、深刻地理解和感悟。而这种理解和感悟是动态的，思维呈现出灵动性、发散性等特点。阅读时，学生表现出取舍失当、偏执或盲从，均不足为怪。阅读教学不能急功近利，学生获得阅读技能并不是朝夕之事。只有通过细化目标，培养阅读的思维品质，长期、有序地训练，学生才能懂得适当的阅读取舍，懂得要解决什么问题、怎样去解决这些问题，真正形成阅读理解的能力。

细化目标，要着眼于整体阅读和局部品读。整体阅读是依托文本，着眼于“披文人情，缘文质理”，整体把握文章的结构思路、内容要点、思想感情、表现艺术等；局部品读是深入文章内部、剖析语句含义、理清前后（文）联系、赏析表现艺术等。整体阅读和局部品读的结合，实际上是依据文本实现了由文本的“面”到文本的“点”，再回到文本的“面”的全面深刻的理解和感悟。

学生阅读的思维品质，主要指对文本信息的'发现、整合、概括以及对问题的甄别、推论和表达等方面的特质。培养这些思维品质，能有效地矫正学生偏执或盲从的不良阅读心理。

（三）指导方法，开展探究性阅读

何谓“探究性阅读”？我认为，基于原作，从不同的角度和层面发掘作品的丰富意蕴，探讨作品中蕴涵的民族心理和人文精神，体现阅读者个性理解且具有创新思维品质的阅读便是探究性阅读。这里首先要廓清一种错误的认识：误以为学生对文本的阅读都是探究性阅读，将阅读教学均归为探究性阅读教学。我们不能把“探究”混同于一般的理解和分析。受制于作者和作品，并不是所有的阅读问题都是“见仁见智”、自圆其说的。语言文字、行文思路、表达技巧等，在具体的语言环境里就具有了一定的功能和效果，换言之，它们的“功能和效果”是确定的，要靠阅读者立足于作品的主要内容和作者的思想感情去综合地理解和分析。在阅读教学中，教师要科学地确定探究阅读的论题，授予学生科学的探究方法。

语文课程标准中对“探究”提出了三点具体要求：第一，从不同的角度和层面发掘作品的丰富意蕴，要求从思想内容和艺术表现的各个方面探究作品的深刻思想。第二，探究作品中蕴含的民族心理和人文精神，要求从人物形象、时代背景、环境氛围、细节描写、语言表达等方面人手，探究民族心理和人文精神。第三，对作品进行个性化的阅读和有创意的解读，要求立足自我，感悟和体验文本，独立思考，提出自己的见解。

关注阅读教学中学生的阅读心理，并采取科学有效的手段和措施，能更有序、有效地实现阅读教学的“知识与能力”、“过程与方法”、“情感态度与价值观”这三维目标，为独立阅读、深度阅读奠基。

篇10：大学英语四级阅读理解模拟题

So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that“reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.”

Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity: It can be seen and observed.

Learning to read involves all that each individual does not make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny. If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in knowledge. Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easily, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”

When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.

1. The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that____.

A) it is one of the most difficult school courses

B) students spend endless hours in reading

C) reading tasks are assigned with little guidance

D) too much time is spent in teaching of reading

2. The teaching of reading will be successful if ____.

A) teachers can improve conditions at school for the students

B) teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading

C) teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading

D) teachers can make their teaching activities observably

3. The word “scrutiny”(Para.3) most probably means____.

A) inquiry B) observation C) control D) suspicion

4. According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ____.

A) children become highly motivated

B) teacher and learner roles are interchangeable

C) teaching helps children in the search for knowledge

D) reading enriches children’s experience

5. The main idea of the passage is that ____.

A) teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read

B) teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible

C) reading ability is something acquired rather than taught

D) reading is more complicated than generally believed

文章大意：

本文介绍了孩子如何学会阅读。虽然老师花了大量的时间教学生阅读，但显然这是徒劳无益的，因为阅读只有通过为学生创造合适的条件，让他们自己养成有效的阅读习惯，并通过阅读本身来解决有效阅读这一问题。

答案和解析：

1. D 细节题。通过题干回到第二段找相对应的地方可以得知答案。根据短文得知，第一段里提到的阅读课存在的问题是教学生阅读花的时间太多。见文章第一段里的第2-4句：Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.” 根据endless hours spent in activities about reading可以判断，“大量的时间花在阅读这一活动上”，再结合Teaching children to read，可以看出阅读活动是指“教小孩阅读”而不是“小孩自己阅读”，所以答案为D。

2. B 细节题。通过题干回到文章里找相对应的地方可以得知答案。根据短文得知，如果老师能够让学生培养起自己的阅读方法，那么阅读教学就成功了。见文章第二段里的第三句： The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. 根据该句子的意思，“教阅读是否成功”在于for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read，所以答案为B。

3. B 词义题。通过上下文可以得知答案。根据短文得知，scrutiny的意思是observation。见文章第二段里的Teaching is also public activity: It can be seen and observed.与teaching 相对应的是learning to read, 而Almost all of it(learning to read)is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that processis not open to public scrutiny.因而teaching: public, can be seen/observed,那么learning to read 则是private, not open to public scrutiny, scrutiny一定与seen/observed近义，所以答案为B。

4. A 细节题。通过题干回到文章里找相对应的地方可以得知答案。根据短文得知，当学生有强烈的学习动机时，学会阅读就不再是一件难事。见文章最后一句Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading。句中的when隐含条件，在when条件中，关键是孩子有机会“通过阅读来解决学会阅读这一问题(to solve the problem of learning to read by reading)，所以答案为A。

5. C 主旨大意题。通过文章的主题句可以得知答案。根据短文得知，阅读能力是后天习得，而不是老师教会的。见文章的主题句，即para.1第一句：So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves.根据句子的意思，老师教孩子阅读，而这种做法只不过是“为孩子们做了只有他们自己才能做的事(do that which only children can do for themselves)”，所以答案为C。

篇11：大学英语四级阅读理解练习题

Feminist sociolinguists(社会语言学家),over the course of the last few decades,have conducted studies that they believe support the conclusion that women are routinely discriminated against in Endlish-speaking society.They point to the words used to describe women,as well as the words used to describe society as a whole,as indications that the English language ,and therefore the English-speaking culture,is slanted towards the advantage of males.

The words used to describe women are used as instrument by feminist sociolinguists to denote an inherent sexism in the English language.Word pairs such as master and mistress and sir and madam,they claim ,epitomize such sexism.All of the words in question once held positive connotations but,while the masculine (男性的)forms have retained their respectable associations,the feminine forms have undergone pejoration and now imply sexual promiscuity(混杂) and other negative characteristics.Feminist researchers assume that such pejoration indicate that the status of women in English-speaking society is relatively low.

These researchers also find fault with the use of masculine words to describe unisex entities .For example ,they feel that there is nothing inherently mainly about mankind, the best man for the job,or the common man.Similarly,the use of such constructions as the “the average students is worried about his grades” indicate to these researchers an inherent sexism in English that is reflective of the cultures in which they are produced .

Carolyn Jacobson ,author of Non-sexist Language has proposed a solution to this conundrum(难题).She advocates the elimination of all sexed words in favor of gender-neutral terms.No longer should we refer to actors and actresses or waiters and waitresses, as such dichotomies(男女有别) allow for the possibility of negative connotations being associated with the feminine designation.Likewise,she believes that phrases such as mankind should give way to human kind and that the use of the masculine pronoun as the default should be abandoned in favor of neutral constructions.Thus, when sexism is eliminated from the English language ,the culture will be more amenable to he deliverance of women as well .

1. The primary purpose of this passage is to_____

A compare and contrast ideology in various cultures

B prove a commonly held belief to be wrong

C describe a problem and a possible solution

D analyze the historical origins of a modern situation

2 According to the passage,gender-neutral constructions should be advocated because_____

A the elimination of sexism in the English language will precede the elimination of sexism in the culture

B they are more grammatically sound than sexed structures

C unisex terms are less awkward in casual speech

D sex-specific terms always carry negative connotations

3 The author refers to mankind ,the best man for the job,and the common man in order to_____

A demonstrate the superiority of males in English-speaking society

B provide an example of speech that is slanted towards the advantage of males

C list the characteristics of the feminist socialinguist movement

D discount the notion that the English language discriminates against women

4 The word“perjoration most probably means_____

A negative connotation

B positive connotation

C sexual characteristic

D respectable characteristic

5 In favor of gender-neutral terms,which of the following words can be used to describe unisex entities?

A mankind

B chairperson

C superman

D dragon lady

答案与解析：

1. C主旨题。文章第一、二、三段描述问题，第四段提供解决方案。

2.A推论题。文章第一段、三段最后一句分别指明了语言文化的联系。

3. B 细节理解题。题目中所举的例子为“an example of speech”。

4. A猜测词义题。根据该词的下文“ … and now imply sexual promiscuity and other negative characteristics”可以做出判断。

5.B词义判断题。该词可不分性别地使用，而其他三词都有明确的性别指向。

篇12：大学英语三级考试阅读理解

大学英语三级考试阅读理解

大学英语三级纲指出:阅读理解部分考试时间为35分钟,共20题.要求考生阅读若干篇短文,总词汇量800词左右.

一、分析文章的结构规律

一般来说，我们阅读文章的目的是为了获取信息。文章体裁不同，其结构特点就会各异。因此，我们获取信息的最有效方法之一就是去学习和了解文章的结构，以便更加准确、快速地定位我们要找的信息。大学英语四级考试中的阅读理解文章的体裁主要有三类：叙述文、说明文和议论文。

1、叙述文

叙述文一般以讲述个人生活经历为主，对于经历的陈述通常由一定的时间概念贯穿其中，或顺序或倒序。但是四级考试中一般不出现单纯的叙述文，因为单纯的叙述文比较简单、易懂。所以三级多是夹叙夹议的文章。这类文章的基本结构模式是：

1) 用一段概括性的话引入要叙述的经历(话题)

2) 叙述先前的经历(举例1)及其感悟或发现

3) 叙述接下来的经历(举例2)及其感悟或发现

4) 做出总结或结论

2、说明文（描述文）

说明文的一般结构模式和叙述文的结构模式有相通之处即：提出问题（或以一个事例引出问题）---- （专家）发现直接原因----- 分析深层原因-----得出结论或找到出路。 知道了类似的文章结构特点，就可以据此来进行考题预测。比如，我们看出了该篇文章属于这种结构类型，就能判断出几个问题中肯定有一个要问原因，还有可能要出现推断题。

3、议论文

我们大家最容易辨认出来的议论文模式是主张---反主张模式。在这一模式中，作者首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或某些人认可的主张或观点，然后进行澄清，说明自己的主张或观点，或者说提出反主张或真实情况。 议论文的这种结构特点决定了它的主要题型是作者观点态度题，文章主旨题以及推理判断题。只要发现了这种结构特点，解答问题的主要任务就变成了到段落内找答案， 基本上不存在任何困难。

通过研究以上的文章结构特点，我们不难发现，在三级考试阅读理解中无论任何体裁的文章都遵循着这样一个共同的模式：提出话题（观点或事例）---- 用事例分析原因(或批驳观点)------得出结论。 对文章结构特点的把握有助于读者更加自觉地关注文章的开始和结尾，分清观点和事例，从而在四级考试的阅读理解中准确定位，快速答题。

二、巧妙绕开生词

我们这里所说的巧妙绕开生词的方法和上面分析文章结构特点的思路是统一的，也就是说，只要我们从总体上把握了文章，不用认睹恳桓龅ゴ室材苷昭?斫庹??恼隆?

1、英语文章中不是所有的词的功能都是同等的，有些词担负着传达主要信息的功能，而有些词主要起语法作用或者它所传达的信息和下文的其他信息没有联系。这类词有：表示人名，地名，机构名等专有名词。遇到这些词，只要我们能辨认出它是专有名词，就能理解文章而不必知道它的意思。比如在下面的句子中：'in fact', says david dinges, a sleep specialist at the university of pennsylvania school of medicine,'there’s even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep.' 两个引号之间的部分就不必去管它。类似的还有： ' we have to totally change our attitude toward napping,' says dr. william dement of stanford university,the godfather of sleep research.

2、我们不用弄清上面某些部分的原因是，它们的后面往往有一个同位语来解释说明它们的意思。这就引起了我们不用弄懂所有单词意思的第二个理由。也就是说如果我们对文章中的.某一个单词不熟悉，我们还可以根据统一篇文章中的其他信息来帮助判断。这类信息有：同位语、下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号（如破折号、冒号都表示解释和说明）等。

三、抓住句子的主干

我们要实现快速准确理解文章除了要抓住关键句子外，还要抓住句子当中的关键成分。主要是句子的主干，如主语、谓语和宾语，因为它们是传达信息的主要载体，其他成分，不论它有多么长，多么复杂它都是辅助成分。比如在下面的句子中：another element in the emergence of prodigies(神童),i found , is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able nurture talent. 只要我们抓住了element is society.就可以得知社会是神童出现的一个因素。

我们在今天这一讲中要说明的核心问题是，我们阅读英语文章时，一定要有一个全局观念，从宏观上来把握文章，做到了这一点，我们面对各类文章的各类题型都能够从容应对。

四、抓住 '第三词汇'

语法中的功能词对理解句子十分重要，同样文章中那些起组织作用的实义词对理解文章也是非常重要的，因为掌握了它们就可以大大增强阅读理解中的预知下文的能力。我们把这些词称做 '第三词汇'（区别于仅起语法作用的功能词和一般实义词）。抓住了它们，就抓住了文章的核心意思。这类词有很多，其中最常见的有：

achieve, addition, attribute, cause, change, consequence, deny, effect, explanation, fact, form, grounds, instance, kind, manner, matter, mathod, opposite, point, problem, reason, respect, result, same, situation, thing, way.

另外，有人认为'第三词汇'主要是一些'照应名词'，其中包括：

abstraction, approach, belief, classification, doctrine, dogma, evaluation, evidence, insight, investigation, illusion, notion, opinion, position, supposition, thery, viewpoint等等。

还有人针对某一文章类型总结出一些 '第三词汇'。比如：在'问题---解决 ' 文章模式中，这些 '第三词汇'就更加固定和明确。它们有：

问题：concern, difficulty, dilemma, drawback, hamper, hinder(hindrance), obstacle, problem, snag等。

反应：change, combat(v), come up with, develop, find, measure, respond, response等

解决或结果：answer, consequence, effect, outcome, result, solution, (re)solve等。

评价：（in）effect, manage, overcome, succeed, (un)successful, viable, work(v.)

聚集于 '主张---反主张'文章结构模式中的该类词汇有：claim, state, truth, false, in fact, in reality, believe等等。

篇13：大学英语四级阅读理解经验总结

英语四级阅读理解题型技巧

①词汇题

词汇题是得分率较低的一类题，因为它需要从上下文中进行分析，推敲单词背后的意思。问单词或词组的意思，加强调上下文逻辑分析;有时用转折逻辑，但更多是利用并列逻辑。

②推理题

推理题难度高，不在于推理难，而在于找答案没有方向。很多人在做推理题时，有一种思维误区，认为一个选项与原文相去越远，就越可能是正确答案，所以在找不到原文的依据时，就随心所欲地推导。其实，很多情况下，推理题的正确答案相差并不大，不应把这类题想得太难了。

③主旨题

从理论上来讲，主旨题是四级各类题型中要求最高的，庆幸的是，一般的四级文章，都可以找到文章主题句，或者是可以体现文章主题的句子或单词。

文章主题一般在前两段出现，所以要多关注前两段结论性的语言。四级阅读在全文首句出现文章主题的情况比较多见。

④态度题

态度题可以考查作者对一个中心话题的看法，也可以考查作者对某一具体细节的态度，但是历年四级阅读更加注重考查文章中心话题。所以，态度题经常可以通过文章主题来判断作者的态度。

应该熟练掌握在态度题中经常出现的单词，如positive, negative, optimistic, pessimistic, approving, concerned, objective, compromise等。

⑤细节题

细节题考查信息查找能力和句子的理解能力。做细节题时，要注意合理但不正确的选项。很多人在做题时，忽视了题目与原文的联系，凭着合理性的主观猜想选择答案。

英语四级阅读总结

首先，阅读题，是对英文文章的理解。所以如果你的词汇量不够，看到整卷子的“甲骨文”肯定也是力不从心，所以，做英语四级阅读的前提就是四级词汇量的扩大，这样才不至于阅读时卡顿，心情烦躁。词汇量是阅读最为基本的条件，就像每一个汉字都是读以前文章的基础一样。

英语四级阅读的做题方法，首先，阅读题切忌直接去阅读短文，因为所有四级考试阅读题出题灵活，毫无规律。我们可以在阅读之前，先看题目，了解文章讲的大致是哪一方面，用中文思路去猜测英文的文章大意。胸有成竹地去阅读，既不会因为文章看不懂影响做题状态，也会对文章有大范围的了解。但是，千万不可以像初中高中那样，死板地带着问题找答案，因为英语四级考试题目不会很简单，有的同学带着问题找答案，会把题目想得太过简单，做不出来题目反而浪费时间。

英语阅读题，无非是四种题型：

一，猜测文章某一段中一个单词或者一个短语的意思，这种题解题需要对本段的段意和单词上下句有充分的理解，整个段落都必须读熟，可以尝试用其他单词替换，尝试用自己语言揣摩词意。

二，段落或者文章主旨大意，每篇文章，最最重要的是首段和末段，大多数情况下，从首段和末段就可以了解文章的整体表达思想，所以，读懂这两个段落至关重要，而每个段落，最重要的也是首句和末句，英文文章最大的特点是引入正题和收束全文，所以做主旨大意题需要对首末把握好，进行研究。

三，推断题，这种题最为困难，最难理解，题目中经常会出现的标志有：suggest建议、infer推断、indicate暗示等等之类的单词，做这种题，切忌以偏概全，融入自己的思想，需要对要求推断的部分进行深刻的理解，吃透文章大意。题目答案往往也需要从上下文去推测，建议使用排除法，找不出来最合适的，就排除不合适的，最终确定答案。

四，细节题，或者给文章找合适的标题，这类题最考验考生对文章的熟练程度，做题时这种题应该留到最后，一篇文章，只有读完后，才对文章的中心思想有充分的了解，需要对文章的关键部分精读之后，再确定答案，首先，需要了解每个段落的中心思想，畅读全文，联系结尾段，总结全文，选择是也要运用排除法，准确判断，从大众的角度去评判，切忌先入为主。

最后，检查做过的题目，在对文章还特别有感觉的时候，整体判断。还可以将不确定的题目勾出来，有充分时间后再进行深刻理解。

英语四级阅读理解怎么提高

(一)真题阅读怎么做：

第1遍：先完整做1遍，将自己生词或者复杂的短语句子标记下来;

第2遍：再对照真题解析精读分析，弄懂里面的生词难句;

第3遍：对答案，重点分析做错的题目，避免下次再犯同样的错误;

(二)阅读题的做题技巧：

主旨题：做题时多注意文章的主题句，重点分析文章的首尾段落;

细节题：先看题干和选项找关键词，再定位到原文，找到与题干关键词对应句子，一句一句细读;

推理题：注意题干中suggest, imply，infer等词，重点分析文章的首、尾两段;

观点态度题：一定要注意文章中带有感情色彩的词语，如positive, negative, optimistic等词;

语义题：一般常考的题型就是注意同义词、句替换和主、被动语态替换。先找到原文对应的句子，再联系上下文即可。

(三)考前如何冲刺：

考前至少要留出2周时间按考试流程做题，不光要熟悉考试流程，而且每个单项还要掐时间训练;

尤其是阅读理解，之前总结的重点词汇什么的也要再看一遍，进行二次记忆有利于提高做题效率。

建议使用解析详细的真题，方便做题和分析，四级真题逐句精解里面的真题是每个句子拆开细讲的，很适合英语基础弱的人;

最后一定要记得做完阅读后背诵里面的重点词汇，最好是积累在笔记本上，每天记一记。

篇14：大学英语四级阅读理解练习题

There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. 『Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens.』① They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”.

By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still.

On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, close?ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you.

Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. 『But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position.』② Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”

The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores and responses.

1. The passage is mainly concerned with ______.

A. the different tastes of people for sports

B. the different characteristics of sports

C. the attraction of football

D. the attraction of baseball

2. Those who don’t like baseball may complain that ______.

A. it is only to the taste of the old

B. it involves fewer players than football

C. it is not exciting enough

D. it is pretentious and looks funny

3. The author admits that ______.

A. baseball is too peaceful for the young

B. baseball may seem boring when watched on TV

C. football is more attracting than baseball

D. baseball is more interesting than football

4. By stating “I could have had my eyes closed. ” the author means (4th paragraph last sentence):

A. The third baseman would rather sleep than play the game.

B. Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no different to the result.

C. The third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well.

D. The consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it.

5. We can safely conclude that the author ______.

A. likes football B. hates football

C. hates baseball D. likes baseball

词汇与短语

1. dugout n. 棒球场边供球员休息的地方

2. pitcher n. 投手

3. symphony n. 交响乐

4. chamber n. 室内

5. contemplate vt.沉思，注视

长难句解析

①【解析】此句的主干是“Baseball?means?watching?”，其中“in funny tight outfits”用来修饰“grown men”,“standing?”和“staring”用来做“grown men”的定语。 【译文】对于他们来说，棒球就是在无聊的几个小时中几个身着紧身衣的大人伫立在场地周围没事可做地东张西望。

②【解析】这是一个复合句，“goes up?”，“flexes?”“takes?”，“glances?”做“the third baseman”的并列谓语。 【译文】但每当投球手掷出球的那一瞬间，你再看吧，三垒运动员脚尖点地，屈臂或把接球手套直指前方，左右移动步伐，或前或后，或许他还要越过场地盯着一垒球手的动作。

答案与详解

【短文大意】本文主要讲述垒球的特征及欣赏。

1. D 主旨题。文章第一段简述了人们对垒球所持的偏见――认为它毫无活力、从容和缓，不像橄榄球那样(禁止)迭起、令人激动。文章的第二、三、四、五段探讨了垒球的根本特征及欣赏角度，文章的最后一句话用一个比喻概括了垒球的魅力：“如果橄榄球是一曲交响乐的话，那么，垒球中所表现出来的运动恰似一曲优美的室内乐。”可见，本文主要探讨的是垒球的特点及其欣赏。 A不对，第一段也确实提到了不同观众对不同运动形式的偏好，但这只是用以引出对垒球的特征及欣赏的讨论。

2. C 细节题。文章第一段指出：许多人不喜欢垒球，一提起垒球这些人就打哈欠甚至皱眉头。对他们来说，看垒球意味着眼巴巴地观望着身着运动装(outfit)的人呆立在球场上，东瞧瞧西望望，很少有什么(激动人心的)事发生――没意思透了。他们认为这样的运动更适合上个世纪的人的口味，不像橄榄球那样充满

活力。 A意为：“它只适合老年人的口味。”注意：原文说的是适合上个世纪的人的口味，二者意味不一样。 D意为：“它矫揉造作、滑稽可笑。”这与说它gentlemanly(具有绅士风度，矜持，即：没有冲撞或拼抢)不一样。

3. B 推断题。第三段指出，在电视上，垒球运动被切换成不同角度的画面，而且不断地使用重放、特写等电视制作技术，这破坏了该运动的整体运动感，使观众无法将自己投入(project)到运动中去，以体会到这种寓动于静的运动之美。电视做不到这一点(The TV won’t do it for you)，因此，电视上的垒球比赛看上去(seems)孤孤单单、冷冷清清、沉沉静静、慢慢腾腾。C、D不对，作者仅指出了不同运动有不同运动的特征，并未说哪种运动优于哪种。参阅文章最后一句。

4. B 推断题。第四段整个都在描述垒球场上的一个场景：拿三垒的运动员假设对方全投出好球，作好了一切准备，但是对方投出的并不是好球。所以在那时候他的准备做不做都不会影响比赛结果。他说本来可以闭上眼睛，意思就是B项所写的。A、C、D都不符合作者的意图。这道题需要完整地了解第四段内容才能作好选择。

5. D 推断题。在本文中，作者主要探讨了垒球的特征及欣赏，作者着重指出的是：只有根据垒球的特征来欣赏它，才能体会到它的魅力。在他看来，观察到垒球比赛中运动员的各种动作、垒球位之间的关系等是欣赏它的关键(第三段第二句)。只有从整体来把握它，才能看到每一个小的动作、每一个眼神乃至于“静止”的意义，也只有这样，才能全身心地投入比赛中，欣赏到它的魅力。可见，作者对垒球有很深的理解而且非常喜爱垒球。主要参考第三、四、五段。

篇15：考研英语阅读理解 从方法开始

考研英语阅读理解 从方法开始

考研英语阅读是重中之重，那么如何提高自己的阅读能力或者说是提高阅读的得分率是大多数人最最关心的问题，不同的人有着不同的阅读方法。有人主张先看题目，后看文章;有人主张先看文章，后看题目。但其目的只有一个，那就是快速浏览文章，抓住文中考点，准确快速地答题。在这里，为大家推荐一种阅读方法，并稍加分析。

第一步：扫描题目

这里所说的扫描题目仅限于去发现题干中是否有人名(因为题目中一旦出现人名很有可能是针对人物观点的提问，记住人名就可以在下一步的阅读中有意识的去关注该人物的观点)以及需要推断词义的单词或短语的出现(这种扫描大约会花2～3秒钟。事实证明，人的大脑在扫描的一瞬间去记住一两个单词是可行的，即使试题当中没有我们所需要的内容，2～3秒钟的损失也是无关紧要的)。在下一步的文章阅读中我们就会有意识地去发现与题干中提到的人物或单词相关的一些信息，为我们在做题时迅速定位打下基础。与之相反的先看文章、后看题目的方法，一旦题目中出现这种问题，又必须重新回到文章中去找。事实证明，要在一篇400～500个单词的文章中去查找到一个人名或生词是要花费一些时间的，相对于提前花2～3秒钟扫描题目获得的收益小得多。

第二步：开始阅读文章

在这里，我们需要掌握两大技巧。

第一：学会跳跃和扫描式阅读，以提高阅读的速度。

第二：学会应对文中出现的一些难点，加深对文章的理解。

(一)提高阅读速度的方法

1.跳跃式阅读

跳跃式阅读所要跳过的内容自然是和文章中心没有太多联系的内容。如对某一专家身份头衔的说明，这类文字内容与文章的中心虽不相关，却会经常在文中出现，这些内容事实上会增加信息的复杂程度，干扰考生思路，而题目中不会考查。

如1990年的试题，Text 2

“but there is a growing awareness that this is not enough,”says a researcher on female labor at the government-funded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers.

【分析】这里，我们只需看引号内的内容即可，至于“on female labor...”后面长长的头衔称谓完全可以跳过去。

2.扫描式阅读

扫描式阅读的内容与跳跃式阅读的内容相比，与文章的联系稍稍紧密一些，但一般不是考试的'重点，我们只需对其有大致印象即可。这类内容一般由用来说明中心的论据构成。当段落中心已经很明确时，我们可以对说明中心的具体论据实行快速扫描。

3.提高阅读速度的另一途径是：熟记词汇的各种形式及其词义

由英语语法所决定，英语文章中的词汇除了少量虚词是以原形出现外，其他大多数单词都是以一定的变化形式出现。而我们平时所记忆的词汇均是以原形给出，在阅读时，单词原形和变形之间就有一个思维的转换过程，再加上有些变形的词义在原形的基础上有较大幅度的改变，也就增加了思维转换的难度，极大地妨碍了阅读速度的提高。熟记词汇的各种形式及其词义则直接省略了思维转换过程，有利于提高阅读速度。

篇16：从高考英语谈短文谈阅读技巧

从高考英语谈短文谈阅读技巧

Excused from recycling（回收利用）because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute（垃圾道）？You won't be for long．Miami's Mark Shantzis has made it simple for those living in tall buildings to use the chute and recycle too．

In Shantzis's Hi-rise Recycling System，a chute leads to a pie-shaped container with six boxes that can turn around when operated．The system，which fits in the same space as the chute and container now in use，enables glass，plastic，paper，metal，and other rubbish to go into separate boxes．

The system is controlled from a board fixed next to the chute door．The board has a button for each class of recycling materials（as well as for unrecyclables）．At the press of a button，a microcomputer locks all other floors' chute doors and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute．The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full．And a particular piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables．

Sorting（分类）recyclables before they are collected saves the use of expensive materials recovery equipment which otherwise has to do the sorting．Such equipment often makes recycled materials very expensive，so expensive that tons of recyclables remain wasted．Shantzis believes his system could help recycled materials become more cost-effective．

67．The purpose in writing this text is ____ ．

68．When he says“You won't be long”the writer means that ____ ．

69．Before dropping rubbish into the chute you have to ____ ．

70．The biggest advantage of this new system is that ____ ．

篇17：从生活入手激发对课文阅读的理解

从生活入手激发对课文阅读的理解

设计理念

从生活入手，鼓励自由表达；用活动激趣，抒发真情实感。

教学过程

一、巧设情境，活动激趣

教师根据学生即将毕业这一实际情况，选择合适机会，提起话题：同学们，母校陪我们走过了风风雨雨的六年，她看着我们从一个六七岁的孩童，长成可爱的少年，该多么欣慰啊!在即将离开母校的`时候，我们为她送上一份什么样的礼物，表达我们的爱意呢?在学生议论之后，教师提出倡议：表达对母校的爱，有许多种方式，而关注她今后的发展，企盼她变得越来越好，则是最深沉的爱。留下对母校工作的建议，这是最好的礼物。这时，出示习作提示，明确习作要求。

二、开放时空，自主表达

这次习作，要给学生较充裕的观察、调查、思索的时间，开放习作空间和时间，让学生在10天内把信写好，投到班级信箱，再转交校长或老师。

三、信息反馈，多元评价

请相关收信人来班对学生的建议给予评价(没有条件的可由语文教师代评)，让学生体验到交流的快乐，知道习作是生活的需要，表达的需要。教师可就学生对学校的关注程度、习作态度、语言表达等方面进行评价。

四、修改习作，结集成册

作为礼物，把一封封信结集成册，永久留在学校，更有意义。教师以此为契机，指导学生字斟句酌，进行修改、誊抄(或打印)，然后结集成册，派代表亲自交给校长，做到把活动与习作、生活与习作结合起来

篇18：阅读策略在大学英语阅读教学的应用

阅读策略在大学英语阅读教学的应用

通过调查分析了非英语专业大一学生阅读理解能力,探讨运用阅读策略提高阅读效率.在阅读理解教学中,从词汇记忆、阅读教学模式的.改变等方面训练学生运用阅读策略.结果表明,阅读策略的训练显著增加了学生词汇和句义推理、概括总结、仔细阅读的能力,提高了阅读理解的效果.

作 者：苟晓琴 屈一泓  作者单位：西安工程大学,人文学院,陕西,西安,710048 刊 名：西安工程科技学院学报  ISTIC英文刊名：JOURNAL OF XI'AN UNIVERSITY ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 年，卷(期)：2007 21(2) 分类号：H319.3 关键词：英语   阅读策略   阅读理解   教学模式  

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