【导语】“yoouyoou”通过精心收集,向本站投稿了6篇导游词的组成及写作要求,以下是小编帮大家整理后的导游词的组成及写作要求,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
篇1:导游词的组成及写作要求
导游词是导游人员引导游客游览观光的讲解词,其作用有三:一是引导游客观光游览,二是宣传旅游景点。二者相辅相承密不可分。 只有在掌握丰富的资料的基础上,经过科学系统的加工整理,并在实践中不断修改、丰富和完善,才能形成具有自己特色的导游词。
导游词一般由三部分组成:
一、习惯用语。即游览前的“欢迎词”、游览结束时的“欢送词”等。
二、整体介绍。用概述法介绍旅游目的地,帮助游客宏观了解,引发游客兴趣。
三、重点讲解。即对主要游览内容的详细讲述,因而是导游词最重要最精彩的组成部分。
篇2:导游词作文的写作要求
导游词作文的写作要求
一篇完整的导游词,其结构一般包括习惯用语、概括介绍、重点讲解三个部分。
1.习惯用语
习惯用语又分为两个部分——见面时的开头语和离别时的告别语。
开头语包括问候语、欢迎语、介绍语、游览注意事项和对游客的希望五个方面,放在导游词的最前面。
a、开头语
(1)介绍自己和旅行社
(2)介绍司机和车型、车号
(3)介绍旅游时间、地点和形成安排
(4)表示欢迎。
b、告别语
(1)总结旅游情况
(2)感谢游客配合
(3)希望提出意见
(4)表示依依惜别
2.概括介绍
概括介绍是用概述法介绍旅游景点的位置、范围、地位、意义、历史、现状和发展前景等,目的是帮助旅游者对景点先有个总体了解,引起游览兴趣,犹如“未成曲调先有情”。
概括介绍应根据时间和游客情况,可长可短,可详可略(可根据需求所变)。
3.重点讲解
重点讲解是对旅游线路上的重点景观从景点成因、历史传说、文化背景、审美功能等方面进行详细的讲解,使旅游者对旅游目的地有一个全面、正确的`了解,同时要提醒旅游者注意自己携带的东西,保管好自己随身的物品,这是导游词最重要的组成部分。
功能
1.引导游客鉴赏
导游词的宗旨是通过对旅游景观绘声绘色地讲解、指点、评说,帮助旅游者欣赏景观,以达到游览的最佳效果。
2.传播文化知识
传统文化知识即向游客介绍有关旅游胜地的历史典故、地理风貌、风土人情、传说故事、民族习俗、古迹名胜、风景特色,使游客增长知识。
3.陶冶游客情操
导游词的语言应具有言之有理、有物、有情、有神等特点。通过语言艺术和技巧,给游客勾画出一幅幅立体的图画,构成生动的视觉形象,把旅游者引入一种特定的意境,从而达到陶冶情操的目的。
此外,导游词通过对旅游地出产物品的说明、讲解,客观上起到向游客介绍商品的作用。
编辑本段特点
其主要特点是口语化些,此外还具有知识性、文学性、礼节性等。和蔼,亲切,自然轻松
编辑本段易出现的问题
1. 缺乏鲜明主题和观点
2. 内容太单薄。
3. 结构层次不清楚,逻辑性不强,条理不清晰。
4. 导游词不是散文,书面语太重介绍,口语化注意不够;
5. 应该有自我介绍以及导游惯用语,同时要注意与游客进行交流,尽量有互动节目。
6. 没有处理好“景”与“事”的关系,讲故事或者事理往往游离景点内容。
篇3: 导游词格式要求
导游词的结构由标题、正文两部分组成。
1.标题
标题有三种有法:第一种是直接以被介绍的地点、景物和古迹为标题,如《南京市》、《故宫博物院》。第二种是以被介绍的地点、景物和古迹加“简介”、“介绍”为标题,如《桂林市简介》、《苏州园林介绍》。第三种是文章标题法,如《中华文化瑰宝一一莫高窟》。
2.正文
导游词的正文写法因内容不同而各有差异。如果是介绍一座城市,可以先做总体介绍,再做具体介绍,包括它的地理位置、历史渊源、气候条件、著名景点、水陆交通等。如果是介绍一处景物或古迹,则要突出其主要特点,包括有关建筑的特点及其历史,有关的传说故事等。
3.导游词的写作要求
1.要写出每一个景观的特色,让旅游者把握游览对象的独特风韵,做到身临其境。
2.要生动、形象,有感染力,从而激发旅游者的游兴。
3.要层次分明,叙述清晰。对方可能不了解的情况,要着重介绍导游词的格式及写法导游词的格式及写法。
篇4: 导游词格式要求
一、导游词的特点 :三性三化三感
1、真实性 ;2、生动性 ;3、针对性
1、知识化 ;2、规范化 ;3、口语化
1. 层次感; 2. 方向感; 3. 趣味感
1.临场性
虽然书面导游词没有直接面对游客及景观,但它模拟现场导游的场景,创作者把自己比作导游,设想正带领游客游览。因此导游词是循游览线路层层展开的,而且为增加现场感,多以第一人称的方式写作。在修辞方面,多用设问、反问等手法,仿佛游客就在眼前,造成很强烈的临场效果。
2.实用性
导游词的写作目的有两方面,一是作为导游员实际讲解的参考,二是作为游客了解某一景点或某一旅游目的地的资料。由于上述两个目的,导游词对每一个景点都提供翔实的资料,从各个方面加以讲述,导游员读了以后,经过加工就能成为自己导游口头讲解的内容,而游客读了,就能对此景点或旅游目的地有详尽的了解。因此,导游词有很强的实用性。
3.综合性
导游词既有说明性的.特点,也有欣赏性的特点,因此,导游词是综合性的。在一篇导游词中,会用到自然科学知识,如地质成因、动植物学知识、力学原理等;还会用到社会科学知识,如宗教常识、哲学美学知识、诗辞歌赋、中外文学等;另外,建筑、园林、书法、绘画等,都会有所涉猎。一篇优秀的导游词往往综合了各个学科门类,多角度多层面对景点加以叙述,给阅读者全方位的信息。
二、导游词的功能
1.引导游客鉴赏
导游词的宗旨是通过对旅游景观绘声绘色地讲解、指点、评说,帮助旅游者欣赏景观,以达到游览的最佳效果。
2.传播文化知识
传统文化知识即向游客介绍有关旅游胜地的历史典故、地理风貌、风土人情、传说故事、民族习俗、古迹名胜、风景特色,使游客增长知识。
3.陶冶游客情操
导游词的语言应具有言之有理、有物、有情、有神等特点。通过语言艺术和技巧,给游客勾画出一幅幅立体的图画,构成生动的视觉形象,把旅游者引入一种特定的意境,从而达到陶冶情操的目的。
此外,导游词通过对旅游地出产物品的说明、讲解,客观上起到向游客介绍商品的作用
三、导游词的结构:
导游词由标题、前言、总述、分述和结尾五部分组成。
㈠ 标题
㈡ 前言
前言部分一般写导游人员在陪同旅游者参观、游览前表示问候、欢迎,自我介绍,实质上是一个开始。
㈢ 总述
总述部分主要向旅游者陈述景观的概况和旅游价值,对所要游览的内容作总结性的介绍。
《故宫》总述中的一段:
这段总述向旅游者介绍了故宫的概况、名称的由来、占地面积、宫殿楼阁的间数及其建筑。这样的总述使旅游者不仅对故宫有了基本了解,而且深切感受到参观游览的重要意义。
㈣ 分述
分述部分是对旅游者游览的景观进行分别陈述导游词的格式及写法导游。按照游览的先后顺序,对景观一一加以解说
品友互动
分述部分是对旅游者游览的景观进行分别陈述。按照游览路线的先后顺序,对景观一一加以解说。
㈤ 结尾
在游览结束后,对游览的内容做一小结,如有未到之处可做一简要说明,最后,对旅游者的合作表示感谢,请留下宝贵意见,并表示祝福与告别。
四、导游词的写作要求:
1、挖掘景观的深层内涵;2、突出景物的个性特点
3、注重语言的生动幽默;4、运用有趣的故事传说
五、导游词容易存在的主要问题
1. 缺乏鲜明主题和观点
2. 内容太单薄
3. 结构层次不清楚,逻辑性不强,条理不清晰。
4. 导游词不是散文,书面语太重介绍,口语化注意不够;
5. 应该有自我介绍以及导游惯用语等?
6. 没有处理好“景”与“事”的关系,讲故事或者事理往往游离景点内容。
篇5:(写作)大纲要求
要求考生应具备英语书面表达的初步能力,能够根据所给的提纲、情景或图表按要求写出相应的短文。所写短文要求主题明确,条理清楚,语言比较规范。写作速度应达到30分钟120词以上。
应试对策
分步骤进行写作:(1)审题;(2)拟定大纲;(3)写出初稿;(4)修改
注意时间的分配。
特别注意要写好主题句
Passage One
Thomas Jefferson was a man of many talents. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America with his self-designed house. And above all he was the author of the Declaration of Independence.
Passage Two
“My Likes” is a nice coffeehouse. It is very modern and clean. It has air conditioning and most up-to-date refrigeration equipment. People like to sit, have coffee, enjoy music, and gossip there because it is very comfortable and the service is excellent. Besides, “My Likes” is a good place to buy candies, cakes, cigarettes. There is always a large choice, and the prices are always reasonable.
一、主 题 句
I. 什么是主题句
主题句反映段落的中心思想,是整个段落的出发点。结构严谨的段落通常都有主题句,或几个段落合用一个主题句。对初学写作者来说,写出段落的主题句,有助于紧扣段落的中心思想,进行充分的推展。
以下各句可作为有关排球运动的段落的主题句:
1. Volleyball is now played in China. (地点)
2. Volleyball has become more popular within the past ten years. (时间)
3. Volleyball is a physically demanding sport. (方面)
4. Volleyball and basketball have a great deal in common. (比较)
5. Volleyball is less dangerous than football. (对比)
6. Volleyball is popular for several reasons. (原因)
由此可见,主题句点明段落的内容,同时也限制了内容的范围。一个令人满意的主题句应能很好地引导整个段落,起画龙点睛的作用。主题句写得恰当与否,是整个段落成败的关键。
II. 主题句的组成
主题句由两个部分组成:话题(topic)和主导思想(controlling idea)。
话题指的是一段文章要提及的事件、人物、问题等。
主导思想说明话题,用以确定段落的发展方向。主导思想大致可以表示:地点 (place)、时间 (time)、方面 (aspect)、异同 (similarities or differences)、列举 (enumeration)、原因(cause)、结果 (effect)等。例如:
1. Volleyball is now played in China.
2. Volleyball has become more popular within the past ten years.
3. Volleyball is a physically demanding sport.
第1句的主导思想限制了话题的发展,要求写段落时就地点进行发挥。第2句规定了时间限度,写段落时,可以就十年内排球普及的情况作一说明。第3句说明了排球的一个方面,规定段落中要论及打排球时体力消耗很大。
写主题句时,必须注意要有明确的话题和清楚的主导思想,切忌笼统空洞的观点。
如果主题句为:Many people are learning volleyball.下面的段落写作就会难以落笔,因为主导思想太广,不能起限定作用。如果改为:Volleyball is very popular among Chinese students.就具体了。另一方面,主题句又不能过分具体琐碎,否则就无法进一步把段落继续下去。如:Chinese students like volleyball, a challenging game, and a physically demanding sport.
III. 主题句的位置
主题句通常位于段落的开始,即段首句,起到提纲挈领的作用。
例一:
London’s weather is very strange. It can rain several times a day; each time the rain may come suddenly after the sun is shining brightly. The air is damp and chill right through July. On one March afternoon on Hampton Heath last year it rained three times, there was one hail storm, and the sun shone brilliantly-all this within two hours’ time. It is not unusual to see men and women rushing down the street on a sunny morning with umbrellas on their arms. No one knows what the next few moments will bring.
有时主题句也可放在段落中间或者段落末尾。
例二:
Just as I settle down to read or watch television, he demands that I play with him. If I get a telephone call, he screams in the background or knocks something over. I always have to hang up to find out what’s wrong with him. Baby-sitting with my little brother is not fun. He refuses to let me eat a snack in peace. Usually he wants half of whatever I have to eat. Then, when he finally grows tired, it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep.
例三:
Doctors are of the opinion that most people cannot live beyond 100 years. But a growing number of scientists believe that the aging process can be controlled. There are more than 12,000 Americans over 100 years old, and their number is increasing each year. Dr. James Langley of Chicago claims that, theoretically and under ideal conditions, animals, including man, can live sex times longer than their normal period of growth. A person’s period of growth lasts about 25 years. If Dr. Langley’s theory is accurate, future generations can expect a life span of 150 years.
有些段落找不出一个足以代表该段落基本思想的主题句,但阅读整个段落后,可以总结其含蓄的用意,虽然形式上没有主题句,段落的中心思想仍然明确。
例四:
Rawlings staggered to his feet. He gave a crazed, trapped look around the courtroom, saw the open door behind the witness chair, and with a sharp cry made a dash for it. The stout arm of the guard seized him as he reached the door, and the judge pounded for order as the jurors and spectators leaped to their feet.
这一段,作者对Rawlings的举止的描绘栩栩如生,跃然纸上。显然,他是一个盼望获得自由的囚犯。陪审员和旁听者则对Rawlings的举止备感意外和惊慌。整个段落找不出主题句,但读者可以从字里行间推断出含蓄的主题,即:The courtroom was in a mess.
对初学者来说,主题句放在段首是最易掌握的段落写作技巧。
Exercise
I. 找出下列段落中的主题句:
Paragraph One
There are many problems connected with space travel. The first and greatest of them is gravity. A rocket must go at least 2500 miles an hour to take anyone beyond the gravity of the earth into space. Another problem is the strain a person is subjected to when a rocket leaves the ground. The thrust is so violet that gravity may exert a force on the body equal to nine times its normal force. The intense heat caused by friction is also a problem in space travel. A spaceship entering the earth’s atmosphere would get so hot that it would burn up completely because of friction of the ship with the air.
Paragraph Two
Once upon a time, the United States seemed to have plenty of land to go around. Plenty of space for parks and for cities. Plenty of forests to cut and grasslands to plow. But that was once upon a time. The days of unused land are over. Now the land had been spoken for, fenced off, carved up into cities and farms and industrial parks, put to use.
II. 根据以下分类,确定下列主题句的主导思想属于哪一类:
1. place 5. differences
2. time 6. enumeration
3. aspect 7. cause
4. similarities 8. effect
1. Libraries have three basic kinds of materials. ( )
2. Women are paid less for equal work than men in certain places. ( )
3. Air travel is more convenient that train. ( )
4. Spring is the most pleasant season of the year. ( )
5. Owning a camera can be expensive. ( )
6. Pollution has caused three major problems in our town in the last five years. ( )
III. 选出合适的主题句,并说明原因:
1. ______. Where Britons end certain words with-se, Americans usually end the same words with -ce (British practise vs. American practice); the reverse is sometimes true, too (British defence vs. American defense). Notice also the British preference for final -re over the American -er (metre vs. meter). Finally, most Americans consider neighbor a correct spelling, but a Briton usually adds a u and spells the word neighbour.
a. British and American English are not the same.
b. There are some minor differences between American and British spelling.
c. The endings of British and American words are not the same.
2 ______. The operation of both the computer and telephone can be thought of as being divided into three phases: input, processing, and output. In the case of the computer, the information which is fed into the machine - the date - is the input; the internal operations of the machine constitute the processing; and the result - usually a printout - is called the output. The telephone, too, acts on information presented to it and produces a result. The input is the actual dialing of the number. The switching system which locates the number can be considered the processing phase. Finally, the telephone rings on the other end of the line, indicating that the call has been completed; this constitutes the output.
a. Both the computer and the telephone are helpful inventions.
b. Computer terminology, such as input and output, is frequently used in other contexts.
c. The operation of the computer and the telephone have much in common.
IV. 在下列段落的空白处填入主题句:
1. ______________________________________________________. First, take one or two fresh eggs and break them into a cup or a bowl. Next, beat the eggs slightly with chopsticks. Then, season the eggs with salt and pepper. After that, grease the pan with oil. Finally, cook the eggs on low heat. This is how an omelet is made.
2. Dear Mary,
Thank you for inviting me to your birthday party, but I______________________
__________________________. Bob’s father is suddenly ill, and we are
篇6:欢迎词写作要求
欢迎词写作要求
欢迎词是国家机关或单位在举行隆重庆典、大型集会、欢迎仪式或洗尘宴会上,主人对宾客的来临表示热烈欢迎而使用的讲话稿。
欢迎词是社交礼仪演讲词的一种,使用较多,言辞热情,旨在对来宾表示欢迎和尊重,表达友好交往、增强交流与合作的`心愿,营造和强化友好和谐的社交气氛。欢迎词具有应对性,一般来说,主人致欢迎词后,宾客即致答词。欢迎词和祝酒词有时可以互用,在欢迎宴会上发表的欢迎词往往叫祝酒词。但欢迎词和祝酒词也有所不同:祝酒词只用于宴会上,祝酒词可表示欢迎,也可表示欢送;祝酒词的结尾句,一般为“为××××干杯!”的祝酒语句,而欢迎词的结尾句多为表示祝愿成功、愉快的语句。注意事项欢迎词的正文,语言要朴实、热情、简洁、平易,语气要亲切、诚恳,感情要真挚,宜多用短句,言辞应力求格调高雅。回顾以往的叙述要简洁,议论不要过多,力求精当;对主宾的赞颂和评价要热情而中肯,不要过分。可以有适当的联想与发挥。整个篇幅不宜过长。如遇来宾的意见、观点与主人不一致时,写作欢迎词当坚持求同存异的原则,多谈一致性,不谈或少谈分歧,可恰当采用委婉语、模糊语句,尽力营造友好和谐的气氛,
欢迎词写作基本要求责任编辑:飞雪 阅读:人次
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