【导语】“壹玖捌叁”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了6篇南京明城墙英文导游词，这里给大家分享一些南京明城墙英文导游词，供大家参考。
篇1：南京明城墙英文导游词
Each visitor, we arrived at fortress in the China door now.The city is mankind's society is developed toward the civilization by the barbarism of one of the sign.The city is important in the ancient times of strategy, defences.It is also the basic space natural cover that the mankind live.The our country has setting up of 3,000 yearses the city history, there are more than 2,000 all of the city defenses.Set up all of the city walls that are basic to keep an intact Nanking up to now at more than 600 year agos to grow 33.676 kilometers, more even long than Parisian city wall, is a world to keep up to now had better all biggestly the city city wall is national and important cultural object protection unit.Zhu Yuan Zhang captures “gather to celebrate road” that Yuan Dynasty rules and changes name “in response to the sky” in 1356, he heard to strive for a private rises of suggestion“Gao Zhu Qiang widely accumulates a food and slowly calls a king”.Cost 21 years to build this city defense.
While constructing a clear city wall in those early years, Zhu Yuan Zhang used gold 6,000,0002, huge sum half like this from national treasury allocate funds, another the half was assigned duties by the rich family of Chiang-Nan.But Chiang-Nan richest person, Chen Wan San claimed nearly 1/3 of the expenseses that set up city.
Fixing the bricks that the city is used to all come from five provinces in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi, Jiangsu and Anhui is burned by 20 many ten thousand craftsmans to make.The city brick that uses five provinces to burn to make 3.Is 500,000,000 pieces of, the specification of brick grows a 40 cms, breadth 20 cms, thick 10 cms and weighs about 15-20 kgs.The on the sides of each brick engrave to have the name to burn brick craftsman and lift to adjust officer et al and burn to make time etc. certain context with show a responsibility to the person, also positive as it does strict of the responsibility system just make the clear city wall of more than 600 year agos experience successively a battle fire to reserve still up to now.The word on the city wall wipes a book, running script, cursive, seal script and belong to a book all it is thus clear that arrive, engrave a word method to have intaglio to engrave with the sun, the word number of city brick at most reaches to 69 words.Still used six dynasties in the Nanking clear city wall, south Tang Jiu Cheng's brick.
The construction in the Nanking city wall can is divided into four stages, first stage is to six dynasties and south Tang loose the part of old city staying to take into to renovate with extension, dredge course of river;Second stage is with in the Feng sun all combine set up a period, maintain to reinforce to the old city wall, and open widely river's side to the north;The third stage is a concentrated Nanking is built up, reform to gather a treasure, three help etc. city gate, at this time Nanking city already beginning show scale;The fourth stage starts building outside Kuo, the week grows 100 insides and has the outside city gate 18.
Zhu Yuan Zhang constructs a Nanking city wall during 1366-1386 years, the fortress constructing broke with symmetry mode of the stalk directions in the traditional building, but proper because of ground system, the negative mountain rounds water and adopt follow the ridge of Gang Long build city;Make use of natural river lake, dig soil the square fill formation Gao Cheng Shen's dike in the city wall, with the demand of true war but construct.Clear capital city shape bottle gourd(again say palm-leaf fan) south the north grow 10,000 meters, the thing grows 5.67,000 meters.Count the Nanking city wall that 100,000 people set up for 21 years while consuming, the week grew 33.676,000 meters(save now 23.743,000 meters).Gao 14-26 Ms in Nanking city wall, the city radicle breadth 14 Ms, last breadth 4-9 Ms;Outside layer wall up establish parapet(arrows Duo)13616, hiding a soldier the hole is more than 200s.In addition to Gang Qiu, city lower part with limestone stone for Chu, the upper part carves city brick and lay bricks to mix with the Liao grass syrup, lime, fine sand and wood oil of clip syrup to glue to match.Clear city wall of so stand erect don't pour for 600 years, just is because used this kind of to stick to matching.
The coping of city wall is carved into low slope inside outside Gao with the brick, both sides seamy side in the city wall contains sink.The wall of the female at interval of 60 meters, establish the stone sink that a picks a 70 cms, line up water on the city wall to the stone inside the city clear hole, again from drain the ditch eject water city.This catchment system at the same time can also the city hinterland noodles Lao water eject a city outside.
“Inside 13, outside 18, the city gate bolts son to outwardly put.”The byword of this Nanking at the right moment spoke the city gate number of Nanking.Nanking city 13 city gates can be said with Manchu Dynasty Wu Jing Zi's song Jue:“Three mountains gather a treasure to connect a benefit, Hong Wu Chao Yang reaches peace, the absolute being plan gold Chuan faces clock Fu, instrument breeze(settle) the Huai is pure(is cool) to Shih-cheng”, the jar city has one jar, two jars, three jars;Outside Guo She Men is 18, is mostly made by popular loess because of the city gate of outside Kuo, the folks is so called “soil city head”, therefore didn't reserve up to now of of outside Kuo city gate;But turn virtuous door in the door, the door of Qi Lin, stork door and Anne, river's east door etc. to still keep being used as a place name use such as the Yao.
Fortress in the China door named “gathered a treasure door” at first, because over against the gathering of city south treasure mountain but get, in 1931 because of fixed a China road in its northern side, but change name to “China door”.This fanlight is three words, what Mr. Jiang Jie Shi's hand-written.China door is inside outside Huaihe Qin is apart from a recent place, the geography is extremely hazardous, easily guard difficult offend, can rise a man to be a pass, ten thousand men don't open of function.The fortress southern north grows 129 meters, the breadth is 118 meters, cover more than 16,500 square meters, .One city in the China door is three jars, its flat surface presents a “eyes” matrix, two sides have 2 to ascend city Ma Dao, there is 27 inside the fortress hiding soldier's hole.
Fortress in the China door constitutes to°from three jar cities, 8.5 meters highly inside the city wall connect with each other three jar cities inside the fortress, three jar city formation“eyes” matrices close structure and form.The thing of the fortress is two sides, have ascending of two breadth 11 meterses city Ma Dao, a wartime to deliver the quick way of city of for use by the military supplies, is also will get to drive a horse straight up passage.Ma Dao, inside the wall make to guard a soldier to reside Gao to attackstone on all sides and downward, it go into the Tu of the enemy have no place to escape.In fortress in the China door, there are various 27ses hiding soldier's hole, hiding soldier's hole is to be provided for soldier to take a rest and put some places of supplieses for pareparing for war, the first floors of the south a city gate two side each Ma Dao's bottoms with 3, ascend cities Be each to have 7 to hide soldier's hole, the second floor still has 7 to hide soldier's hole, can hide a soldier 3000.Continue and walk at Ma Dao from two sides, can arrive 3 F platform, in Ming Dynasty 3 F up set up Di building, we have already coulded not see now, it is ruined to Japan and invade the battle fire of.It is now a flat balcony.Fortress each jar city in China door contains a door per Zha.The wood quality that is all pair ofs sheet iron package front door in each arch type door establishes thousand catties of Zhas to can up and down start inside the hole and exact center all established a small city tower at first at first on each jar city, there is the capstan car to ascend and descend thousand catties of Zhas inside the building, ascending and descending thousand catties of capstan cars of Zhas now the depletion was already.Now city gate hole two sides can see to arrive the stone slot of crest breadth 20 Li rices from the bottom is the long slot that ascended and descended thousand catties of Zhas in those early years.But we allow however can imagine, in the cold weapon ages.Enemy's soldier offends to break city gate and flows out into city, thousand catties of Zhas in the city gate will quickly land and cut off enemy's way out and trap enemy's soldier in the jar city, then hide a soldier the ambush in hole is four, or 100001000 together put, or the stone roll a wood together next, Jian enemy in seal a dead jar in, just like“close the door to beat a dog”“catch terrapin in the jar”
Fortress in the China door militarily is thou one big natural cover of the city, emphasize to want a function towards guarding a Nanking already, the west contains outside Qin Huai, the southwest goes to north is Yangtze River, the for this reason door is extremely important.The peace Kingdom of Heaven Hong shows a time that the whole rate peace Kingdom of Heaven starts revolution a soldier and pure soldier to arouse war, 1911 in 1853 Xin Hai revolution period river Zhe allied troops commander Xu Shao Zhen direct the pure soldier of troops and Zhang Xun extremely dead the physical fight and the Nanking in the war against Japan is most struck with fright or horror to protect a war, the Kuomintang will get Tang Sheng Zhi to lead to guard a soldier 84 to live Japan's Imperial Army's 30 many aggressions and launched the song of sense of right that the hand to hand fight table wrote Chinese nation with Japan's Imperial Army.Fortress in the China door west still has Chen Wan San so reside.The temple city, emperor's city, capital city and outside Guo that studies an ancient capital city can understand the ancients life all city and set up the thought idea of city to contain important meaning.
篇2： 南京明城墙的导游词
南京明城墙的导游词
明城墙：坚固雄伟著称于世
南京城的城墙高度一般在14米到21米之间，城基的.宽度为14米左右，顶部的宽度在4米到9米之间。大部分的城墙都先用花岗岩或石灰岩的条石做基础，上面再用大砖垒砌内外两壁和顶部，内外壁之间常用碎砖，砾石和黄土层层夯实。城墙顶部和内外两壁的砖缝里，都浇灌一种”夹浆”。这种夹浆用石灰，糯米汁（或高粱汁）或再加桐油掺和而成，凝固后粘着力很强，使城墙能够经久不坏。墙顶用砖铺成地面并砌成”雉堞”（指城墙顶部靠外一侧的锯齿状矮墙），并有石制的泄水槽以排出雨水。城基部分每隔一定距离也设有排水洞，将城墙内侧的积水排出城外。因此，南京城的基础工程和防护工程都是比较牢固的，故能屹立至今600多年之久。城墙现存21。35公里，仍然是我国最大的一座砖城，并被定为全国重点文物保护单位。
现存南京明城墙为应天府城即京城，城门计有13座，水关两座。城墙上还有垛口13616个，窝铺200座，以供军事防守之用。在城的中央还建有钟楼和鼓楼。
这13座城门的上部，都建有高耸的城楼，而以聚宝门最为雄伟。聚宝，三山和通济三座城门各有城墙四道，每两道之间的空间称为”瓮城”，可作为战时的防守之用。聚宝门是这些城门中最坚固的一个，城楼以下部分基本保存完整，而且有所谓”藏军洞”的特殊设施。”藏军洞”实际上就是里端封闭的砖券门洞，在战时可供兵士休息和用来存放军事物资。这种”藏军洞”在聚宝门最南一道的城墙上计有两层共13个，左右两侧的城墙下部又各有7个，加起来有27个。据说，每洞可容纳兵士100人以上，共可藏兵达3000人以上。这种设施在我国古代的其他大城中是极为少见的。每座城门都有内外两道门，外面一道是从城头上放下来的”千斤闸”，具有坚固的防御作用；里面一道则是木质再加铁皮做成的两扇大门。在平时，行人车马都从城门洞里通过。
南京明城墙的防，排水系统科学适用，功能包括城垣自身防，排水和对城区的防，排水两部分。城墙填层上部，采用桐油，石灰，黄工拌合的灰浆封顶夯实，厚约1―2米，在其上面和沿墙体两侧直至墙根用灰浆砌筑5―10余层城砖；墙体顶面设置了石质排水明沟，在其明沟约50米距离设置石质出水槽将水排出墙体。城区的防，排水系统，主要是利用城墙底部设置的水关，涵闸。在秦淮河出，入口处分别建有东水关和西水关，水关设有闸门3道，前后2道为木闸门，中间设铁栅门以防潜水入城之敌。东水关内侧还设有33座瓮洞，分为3层（上面两层为藏兵洞），下层（中洞可通船）通水。此外，还设有金川河闸，玄武湖的”通心水坝”（即武庙闸），前湖的半山园闸与琵琶湖的琵琶闸等多处涵闸。这些涵闸，设有铜，铁管和铜水闸，只能进水不可进人，设计巧妙，结构合理。
篇3：南京概况英文导游词
Ladies and gentlemen: hello.
First of all, I on behalf of all our Chinese travel agency staff to come to visit zealously welcome to nanjing light view, in this first I introduce myself, my name is wang, everyone in the itinerary of the next call me xiao wang or Wang Dao is ok. I will be in line with the guests first, service first purpose for you to go to the best of service work, at the same time, also hope that my work can get your cooperation and support, so as to improve the quality of our service, enables you to play happy, go smoothly.
Nanjing scenery is beautiful, has a long history, beautiful landscape is looking forward to your taste, the beautiful scenery is waiting for your appreciation. I hope this trip to nanjing will be your holiday paradise. Here I wish you all the pleasure of the next trip and the success of the game. To be satisfied, to be satisfied.
Nanjing hereinafter referred to as “better”, is located in the fertile Yangtze river delta, north to cut the vast jianghuai plains, he is the capital of jiangsu province, the province's economic, political, and cultural center, is also one of the center of the Yangtze river delta cities and one of the central city of the Yangtze river basin. Nanjing, with a population of nearly 8 million, is 6,598 square kilometers, and the climate is a northern subtropical monsoon climate, so the climate is warm and humid, with abundant rainfall and distinct seasons. Nanjing is the three sides of the mountain, one facing water, the Yangtze river, the mountain ring water, the terrain is dangerous, has always been a place for the soldiers. It is known as “zhong shan longdish, the city of shicheng”.
Nanjing has a long history and is one of the four famous ancient capitals of China. It is known as “the land of the jiangnan, the king of jinling”. The east wu of The Three Kingdoms, the later eastern jin, song, qi, liang, Chen all in this order, so nanjing is known as the six dynasties. Then the south tang dynasty, the early Ming dynasty, the taiping heavenly kingdom and the republic of China were all in this order, so nanjing is also known as the ten dynasties.
Nanjing is an ancient city and a new and developed city. Nanjing is also the eastern part of our country's comprehensive industrial base and backbone industry of electronics industry, automobile industry, petrochemical industry, steel and electricity, nanjing is a national garden city, national excellent tourism city, national sanitary city and so on. Nanjing Ming tomb of world cultural heritage, and sun yat-sen's mausoleum, Confucius temple and other national 5 a-class scenic areas and more than 4 a level scenic area, there are more than two hundred sites at the same time, the amount of distributes the tourists sightseeing here. So it's a collection of mountain, water, city, is an organic whole, full of economic vitality, rich cultural features, modern center city of beautiful living environment, is a melting characteristics of ancient and modern civilization as one of the riverside city.
篇4：南京概况英文导游词
Hello everyone!
Confucius said, “it is a pleasure to have friends coming from afar.” first, please allow me to extend a warm welcome to all of you on behalf of nanjing China travel agency. My name is wang. I'm the tour guide. Can do for you guide is my pleasure, I and the driver Mr. Wang must service for you, try our best to meet your request, help you solve the problems and difficulties, spirits, to everyone needs. I hope that through my introduction, the ancient and beautiful nanjing will make a memorable impression. I wish you a pleasant journey!
Now I will give you a brief introduction to nanjing. Nanjing, or nanjing, is located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze river and is located in the golden belt of the lower Yangtze river. The area of nanjing city is about 6,597 square kilometers, with a population of nearly 8 million and a total of 11 districts and counties. It is the center of politics, economy and culture of the whole province. Climate is subtropical climate, four distinct seasons, is a very ideal tourist attraction.
Nanjing has a long history and is one of the four ancient capitals of Ming dynasty. There are “jiangnan beauties, jinling empire state” reputation. It has been more than 2,400 years since the king goujian established the “yue cheng” in 472 BC. In history, the official construction of the city began with the eastern wu sun quan, and later the eastern jin, song, qi, liang and Chen have all been established. Therefore, nanjing is known as “the ancient capital of six dynasties”. Since then, the southern tang, taiping army and the republic of China have also built the capital, so nanjing has another ten dynasties.
In today's reform and opening up, nanjing's economy is booming, nanjing in developing tourism, nanjing has become a comprehensive industrial base in east China, pillar industries include: electronics, auto industry, petrochemical industry, steel, electricity. Nanjing is increasing the infrastructure of the city and improving the hard environment of foreign investment in nanjing. Nanjing is also a national garden city, a national excellent tourist city, a national health city and so on. Nanjing has more than 200 tourist attractions, attracting many domestic and international tourists. Nanjing's urban features are: “human and green” as one. Therefore, nanjing will become a modern international humanistic and green city with more dynamic economic development, distinct cultural features, more beautiful living environment and more harmonious society.
篇5：南京明孝陵英文导游词
Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty
Hello, everybody! Welcome to Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty. It is the first world cultural heritage site in Nanjing.
Xiaoling Tomb is situated at the southern foot of Zijin Mountain in the east part of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. It is the burial place of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his wife empress Ma. As one of the largest imperial tombs existent in China, Xiaoling became a major historic and cultural site under state protection in 1961. On July 3, 20xx, together with the 13 Ming Tombs in Beijing, it was accepted into the World Heritage List as an associated site of “the imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties”.
Ming Dynasty was the penult feudal regime in China’s history. Its founder, Zhu Yuanzhang, was often referred to as a “beggar emperor” for his miserable childhood.
Zhu was born into a poor peasant family in 1328 in Anhui Province neighboring Jiangsu. In 1344, a serious drought and plague swept the north of the Huaihe River. All his family members died in succession during the disaster. To support himself, he entered a monastery near his village to be a monk at the age of 17, but before long he was sent out to beg alms for survival until 1348. At that time, peasant uprisings against the oppression of the Yuan Dynasty broke out in many places. One of the strongest forces was the Red Tie Army, so named because every soldier wore a red tie on the neck. At the age of 24, Zhu ran away from the monastery and joined the army. There he fought bravely and showed great talent as a strategist. He was quickly promoted to be one of the leading generals and married the commander’s adopted daughter. When the commander died, he succeeded him. Under his leadership, the army became stronger. After wiping out all the other rivals
篇6：南京中山陵英文导游词
My dear friends ,when you come to a city, you probably want to visit the most famous scenic spots of special interest. Nanjing has many place of historic interests and has been capital for six “dynasties.” But if you leave Nanjing without visiting Dr. Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum, undoubtedly you have missed the most arresting and famous tourist attraction of the city.
Talking about the Mausoleum we should have an idea about Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution. Mr. Sun `s original name is Sun Wen and styled himself Yat-sen. So foreign friends would call him “Dr. Sun Yat-sen ”. Since he took “Woodcutter in Zhoushan ”as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called Mr. Sun Zhongshan in China. On October 12, 1866, Mr. Sun was born in a farmer` s family in Caiheng village of Xiangshan county (the present-day zhongshang City) ,Guangdong Province. When he was still young, he had great expectations. He studied medicine in Honolulu, Hong Kong and some other places and after graduation he worked as a practitioner in Gangzhou, Macao and other places Later he gave up medicine as his profession to take part in political activities. In 1905, he set up China Alliance Organization in Japan and he was elected president. He put forward the famous guiding principle- “driving the invaders out ,restoring the sovereignty of China, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership ” and the Three People` s Principles-“ Nationalism, Democracy and the People` s Livelihood. ” On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang uprising broke out and Dr. Sun as elected Inrterim President of the Republic of China by representatives from seventeen provinces. On the following New Year` s day (January 1, 1912) Mr. Sun took the oath of office in Nanjing. From then on ,Mr. Sun experienced Yuan Shikai` s usurpation, the Second Revolution, “Campaign Protecting the Interim Constitution.” In 1921, Mr. Sun took the position of President in Unusual Times in Guangzhou. At the first National Congress of Kuomintang held in Quangzhou in 1924, he perfected the original Three People` s Principles and put forward Three people` s New Principles. He also proposed the policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers. ” In November 1924, in spite of his illness, Mr. Sun went up to Beijing to discuss state affairs with General Feng Yuxiang.
Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on March 12, 1925.
The location of the Mausoleum was chosen by Mr. Sun himself. Here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum. You may wonder: Mr. Sun was born in Guangdong but died in Beijing. For his whole life he traveled throughout China for the revolution. Why did he choose Nanjing as the venue of his tomb?
It is said that far before Mr. Sun took office in 1912, the abbot of Lingu Monastery had recommended him that his place is good for fengshui, because it faces the plain and is backed up by green mountains as its protective screen. On March 31,1912 Mr. Un resigned as a political compromise for the sake of the union of the North China and the South China. One day of the early April, he went hunting with Hu Hanmin around the Piety Tomb of Ming Dynasty. They took a rest in the place wehre the Mausoleum is located now. Mr. Sun looked around and said “IF possible I would like my countrymen to allow me to have this place to bury my coffin.” Surely, the fengshui of the Zijing Mountain is not the basic reason for the location of Mr. Sun` s mausoleum . The basic reason is that, he said on dying “After my death, you can bury me at the foot of the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing in memory of the Revolution of 1911, because Nanjing is where the temporary government was founded. ”So although Mr. Sun stayed in Nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him. Fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose Zijing Mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries.
In order to respect Mr. Sun` s wish, the Preparatory Committee of Sun Yat-sen` s Funeral, including his wife Song Qingling and his son Sunke, examined the area and chose the site for the Mausoleum. They delimited 2000 mu and offered a reward in newspaper for the best design of the Mausoleum. Among all the contribution, young architect Lu Yanzhi `s design, a design in the shape of a bell ,was highly praised and gained the first prize and he himself was invited to supervise the whole project as well.
On March 12,1926, the first anniversary of Mr. Sun` s death, the project got started and 3 years later, it was completed in spring of 1929. It cost 1.5 million silver collars totally.
Unfortunately, LuYanzhi, the young architect with great gift, suffered when supervising the project ,and died at 35, just before the completion of the Mausoleum. The completion ceremony was held on June 1, 1929 and Mr. Sun` s remains was transported from Beijing to Nangjing. From then on ,Mr. Sun has slept here for nearly 70 years.
The construction of Dr. Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum was an important event in the history of Nanjing. In order to meet Mr. Sun` s coffin, the first asphalt road was built from Zhongshan Port in the west to Zhongshan Gate in the east; it is 12 kilometres in length and also called Zhongshan Road. Up to today, Zhangshan Road is still one of the most important main roads. At the same time, the city gate Chaoyang Gate which was built in Ming Dynasty was renovated and Changed its name to Zhongshan Gate. Between Zhongshang Gate and Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum, a road called the Mausoleum Road was built. Just as the people of Paris take pride of their les Champs-Elysees and the people of New York ,the Fifth Avenue, the nanjing people are prond of their boulevards. And the 3 kilometers long Mausoleum Road is undoubtedly the best representative of these boulevards. Along both sides of the “green corridor” grows the main kind of tree in Nanjing as parasols Usually Chinese people call them French plane trees, in fact they are Chinese local products. Just because Frenchmen took them from Yunnan Province to France and later they transplanted them in their leased territory in Shanghai, that is why they got such a name.
Now ,we are going out of the Zhongshan Gate and driving along the Mausoleum Road. The destination ahead is a square in shape of crescent, According to Lu Yanzhi` s design, the place of the Mausoleum is like a “duo”, a big wooden bell, which was used to announce a policy, decree or a war in ancient time. Duo` s sound is loud and clear, implying to make the whole world peaceful and happy. The design reminds the people of Dr. Sun Yat-sen` s well-known saying “The revolution is far from success and we should continue working hard.” This saying also serves s an alert to the later generation. The crescent-shaped square is the bottom of the “Bell of Freedom”.
Now ,please look to the south. There is a octagon platform structured with reinforced concrete but covered with Jinshan stone of Suzhou. The platform is divided into three layers and each layer is enclosed by stone rails. The copper “ding” (an ancient cooking vessel) with two looped handles and two legs weighs 5000 kg. IT is 4.25 meters high and its diameter is 1.23 meters. It is one of the construction for memory of the mausoleum. The “ding ” was built in autumn, 1933 with donation of students and teaching staff of the Zhongshan University and Mr. Dai jitao. One side of the “ding ” is engraved with three characters “Intelligence, Humanity and Brevity”. These three words are the school instruction of Zhongshan University. Inside of the “ding ”stands a hexagon copper tablet on which Dai Jitao` s mother` s handwriting of the “Filial Piety” is engraved. To the bell-shaped mausoleum the “ding ” is just like the pendulum . It seems to serve to alarm the whole nation by striking the bell.
Stepping on the steps, we will see a soaring memorial archway with four columns. The archway was built between 1931 and 1933, 12meters hight and 17.3 meters in width. It is made of huge Granite from Fujian Province, but its structure is in Chinese traditional wood structure style. Now, look up at the shining words inscribed on the horizontal board. The word in English mean fraternity. They were written by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. The word are taken from a Tang Dynasty poet Han Yu` s “Fraternity is humanity ” .It is said that Mr. Sun very much liked to write these two words to others. Dr. Sun devoted his whole life to bourgeois democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for the national independence and freedom fro scores of years. So we can say that “fraternity” is the best generalization of his life.
Further from the Fraternity Archway, there is a road leading to the mausoleum. The road is 480 meters long and dozens of meters wide. The whole design of the mausoleum gives prominence to Chinese traditional style, grand, solemn and specific. In order to embody the greatness of Mr. Sun, the Mausoleum followed the example of ancient mausoleums and was built against mountains and the coffin chamber was placed at the top of the mountain that is 160 meters high. In addition, the plants of the Mausoleum are symmetric, which make it feel more solemn. Now, please look forward to the north, along the hillside ,situate the mausoleum Gate, the Stele Pavilion, the Memorial Hall and the coffin chamber right behind. The pines,cypresses, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of the road represent Mr. Sun` s revolutionary spirit and lofty quality. They take the place of statues and stone beasts which usually flanked the sacred road in ancient times. Among the trees, cedar is one of the “four kinds of tree for appreciation” and has been honored as the tree of Nanjing City. The grand archway at the end of the Mausoleum Road is the formal beginning of the mausoleum area. IT is 16 meters high, 27 meters wide and 8.8 meters deep. It is made of granite from the Fujian Province, too. Inscribed on the horizontal board of the middle passage is Dr. SunYat-sen` s handwriting. It means that the state doesn` t belong to one family but belongs to the entire nation and the common people. This is the goal for which Mr. Sun struggled for his whole life and it is also the excellent explanation of the Democracy of the Three People` s Principles. We have passed the gate of the Mausoleum, then in front of us is the Stele Pavilion. The 9-meter high stele in the middle of the pavilion was engraved with 24 gold-plating characters of Yan Zhenqing style, “Chinese KMT buried Premier Sun here on June 1, 18th year of the Republic of China”. These words were written by one of the founder members of KMT, Tan Yankai. When talking about setting up a stele, Wang Jing wei and Hu Hanmin were arranged to write an inscription for Mr. Sun, but two years passed, yet nothing they could write. Because they thought that Mr. Sun` s merits couldn` t be generated by word, then they chose to use the present from to praise Dr. Sun without engraving an inscription.
Going out of the pavilion, we` ll see numerous layers of steps. The people of Nanjing often say that the steps in the Mausoleum ware as number as the stone lions on Lugou Bridge (known for Westerners as Marco Polo Bridge). So when coming here tourists usually ask, “how many steps on earth are there in the Mausoleum?” My friends, if you are interested you can count them.
Now we are coming near the top platform. Look ,there are two big copper “ding”. They were contributed by Shanghai municipal government of that time. Now, please look carefully. There are two holes in the bottom of the left “ding”. Why? Just let me tell you .In late 1937, when the Japanese army attacked Nanjing, their shooting left two holes in the left ding. Now, although the circumstances have changed, the two holes always remind Chinese people not to forget the national humiliation. Not far away, there are two bronze dings in ancient style. They are presented by Mr. Sun` s son Sun Ke and his family.
Ascending the steps, now we have reached the top of the platform. Here we can have a bird-view of what it is in the distance. The Memorial Hall is the half way up to the mountain and there are altogether 392 steps covered if you count from the archway of Fraternity. The vertical distance is 70 meters but the plane distance is 700 meters. If you count the steps from the Stele Pavilion, the number of steps is 290. In order to avoid monotone ,the architect divided the 392 steps into 10 parts and every part has a platform and there are totally 10 such platforms. More marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see that the steps extend to the top without stop and you cant see any platform. But if you look down from the top, you only see the platforms. The number of the steps, 392, is not a random number, it implied the number of Chinese population at that time-392 million.
Now we are in front of the Memorial Hall and the coffin Chamber. They are the major parts of the Mausoleum. The construction of these two building was supervised then by Lu Yanzhi, the gift young designer. If is when he was doing these two building he died of cancer. So when the later generation mention him they would often say, “It is a great pity he died before his complete success.” The structure of the Sacrificed Hall is of a ancient wooden palace style. It is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 meter high, surrounded by smaller constructions of fortress style and two 12.6-meter-high cloud columns. Its roof, with double-eaves and nine ridges, is covered with blue glare tiles. The outside of wall is covered with granite from Hongkong. The inscription on the horizontal board is engraved with seal characters cut in relief- “Naturalism” “Democracy” and “The people` s livelihood” . These are the most basic and general guiding principles of Mr. Sun` s revolutionary activities. Above “Democracy” , there is a horizontal inscription board with Sun` s handwriting on it, “Fill the World with Justice”.
Please follow me into the Memorial Hall. The floor is covered with white and black marble from Yunnan Province. The colors of white and black are among the traditional color for burial ceremonies in China. There are 12 black stone columns, with 0.8 meter as the diameter for each. You will see that the interiors of the walls around are inset with black marble. Now you can have a look at Mr. Sun Yat-seen` s handwriting of “Programme for Founding a State”, engraved on the east and west walls. The main colors of the Hall are black, white and blue, which are used to express filial piety in China. The inside windows are inlaid with smaltos. They present western flavors especially with floods of sunshine. The style of the whole structure is a blend of the East and the West, representing the well blended doctrine of Dr. Sun Yat-sen.
In the middle is the sitting statue of Dr. Sun Yat-sen in a robe. It is 4.6 meters high and the bottom is 2.1 meters wide. It was sculpted by the famous French sculptor Paul Arinsky whose native country is Poland . He was entrusted by the committee of Dr. Sun Yat-sen` s Funeral for sculpting it. He chose the Italian marble as the material for the statue . In 1930, the sculpture was sent to the Mausoleum from Paris. Its total cost was 1.5 million francs. The sic relief below are pictures depicting Mr. Sun` s life and revolutionary activities.
Passing through the Hall, we have come to the Coffin Chamber. There are two doors that you need to get through. The outer door consists of two American-made safety door leafs which are made of copper. The nails on them and the mysterious beasts on the copper loops are typical of traditional Chinese. The horizontal inscription board was engraved with “The noble spirit will never perish ” which was Sun` s handwriting for the 72 martyrs` tomb in Huanghua Mound of Guanzhou .The secound door is a single copper leaf engrave with seven characters “Mr. Sun Yat-sen` s tomb” which were written by Zhang Jing jiang.
The tomb is a half globe in shape. The design of KMT emblem is mosaicked in the vaulted dome. The floor of the round room is covered with marble. The room` s diameter is 18 meters and the height is 11 meters .The walls are covered with pink marbles. The circular marble pit is 1.7 meters deep and 4.35 meters in diameter. It is enclose with 1-meter-high white marble rails. In the pit lays Dr. Sun Yat-sen lying statue in Zhongshan Suit. This is sculpted in accordance to Mr. Sun` s remains by a Czechoslovakian sculptor. His copper coffin is lying about 5 meters below the sculpture. You may ask why on earth the clothes Dr. Wears for the sitting statue are totally different from those for the lying one? In those years, the leftists and the rightists inside of the KMT had severe conflicts. The rightists, headed by Chang Kai-shek wanted to restore the ancient ways and opposed revolution. They insisted that Mr. Sun should wear long robe, while the leftists insisted he wear Zhongshan Suit. Since they had different opinions thus the two statues have different clothes styles.
My friends, I `m afraid you must be concern about whether Mr. Sun remains are in the tomb or not. In fact, his remains had a unusual experience. After his death, his remain were dealt with antiseptic and placed in Biyun Monastery in Beijing in March, 1925. When the warlord Zhang Zong chang was defeated by the North Expeditionary Army and withdrew to Beijing in 1926, he ascribed his failure to Mr. Sun` s remains and decided to burn them .It is the patriotic general Zhang Xuelian who sent troops to protect the remains. Unfortunately they were once exposed to the air though they were safe again. On May 28, 1929, Mr. Sun` s coffin was sent to Pukou from Beijing by Jinpu Railway, and on June 1 it reached the Mausoleum. After the Grand Ceremony of Feng` an, the coffin and the remains were put into the pit and used cement to concrete it .The bottom of the tomb is granite. Under the copper coffin, there is a specially made wooden pad and enclosing the coffin is a well-sealed crystal box. After the breakout of the Resistance War against Japan, KMT government planed to transport the remains to Chongqing and at the end of the liberation war, Chang Kai-shek planed to transport it to Taiwan this time. Because it was not a easy job to take the coffin out and the work might do damage to the remains as well, this plan was fiercely attacked by the engineering field and the left wing of the KMT. At last Chang gave up the plan. So the remains have stayed here safely up to today.
Passing through the door in the back wall of the square outside you will arrive at the Mausoleum Park. The back wall of the park is a “Exhibition of Construction of Dr. Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum ”.The Exhibition contains nearly 200 precious historic materials which show the construction of the Mausoleum and the process of the transportation of Mr. Sun` s remains.
Beside the main structure, there are also some constructions around the Mausoleum built in memory of Mr. Sun. Most of the constructions are built after 1929 with the donation of those from both all trades in China and overseas Chinese. The Fraternity Pavilion on top of the Plum Hill is built with the donation of a Taiwanese compatriot. IT was completed on November 12,1993, the 127th anniversary of Mr. Sun` s birthday.
Ladies and gentlemen. Mr. Sun struggled for a better China for his whole life and overthrew monarch feudalist system which lasted for more than 2000 years. He carried out the three principal policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers” in his later days. The great feat Mr. Sun has achieved has gained great respect and praise from people from both home and abroad. After liberation, both central and local governments have exerted great efforts in preserving this excellent heritage.
Now, as one of the “Top Forty Tourist Resorts in China” Dr. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum receives numerous Chinese and international friends every years. People come here to pay homage to Mr. Sun. Today, the unification has become the main tendency in terms of the relations between the Chinese on both sides of the Straits . I believe that most Chinese people, from both home and abroad, are expecting from the bottom of heart the coming of the day when our country is united and getting more prosperous. At that time, when hearing this. Dr. Sun would smile and be satisfied for sure in the other world. OK, thank you very much for your cooperation. Good bye and good luck!
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