词性的分辨 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

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篇1：词性的分辨 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

词性的分辨

重点诠释

词性分辨涉及的内容也非常广，如名词或动词中同义词、近义词的辨析，介词的辨析，形容词或副词的辨析等。

易错点回顾：

1. very, too

very“非常”，说明一个笼统程度，不是针对某一对象而言；too“太”，说明程度超出某一具体的对象。

［误］ The book is very difficult for me.

［正］ The book is too difficult for me.

［析］too...for...搭配在一起用，表示“相对于……来说太……”。

2. both, either, all; neither, none

both表示两者之间的全部肯定；either表示两者中必具其一的选择，all表示三者或三者以上的全部肯定；neither用于两者之间的全部否定；none表示三者或三者以上的全部否定。

［误］ If you keep still, you can sit at both end of the boat.

［正］ If you keep still, you can sit at either end of the boat.

［析］只能用表示在两者中选择的either。

3. most, mostly, almost

most当副词用，意为“最……”，当代词用，意为“绝大多数”；mostly当副词用，意为

“几乎全部”；almost当副词用，意为“几乎”。

［误］ The members of the group are most young people.

［正］ The members of the group are mostly young people.

［析］mostly当副词用意为“几乎全部”，most用作副词，意思是“最……”。

［误］ He mostly fell down.

［正］ He almost fell down.

［析］almost表示“几乎”。

4. beat, strike, hit

beat通常指反复地、连续地“打”或“敲”；hit指重重地一击，侧重“打中、击中”；strike意为“打、敲、击”，用法很多，通常表示打一下或若干下的意思，也可以表示用拳头或物体急速、用力地“打击”或“敲打”。beat还可表示“心跳”，strike还可表示“迷住、打动”。

［误］ He was beaten on the nose.

［正］ He was hit on the nose.

［析］hit指一次重重的“击打”。

5. calm, quiet, still, silent；

calm平静的/沉着镇静的，指无风浪或人的心情平静；quiet宁静的，指周围环境很静，没有声音，不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑；still静止的，不动的， 指无动作的状态；silent沉默的，指不说话。

［误］ Tell the children to keep still, it’s not necessary to be anxious.

［正］ Tell the children to keep calm，it’s not necessary to be anxious.

［析］从后面的“焦虑”看，此处应表示“保持镇静”。

6. care, mind

care关心，在乎；mind介意，小心。

［误］ I don’t mind what others will say.

［正］ I don’t care what others will say.

［析］mind是“介意”，care是“关心、在乎”。

7. carry, take, bring, fetch

carry携带；take从此处带走；bring从别处带来；fetch去拿来。

［误］ Please remember to take your dictionary here tomorrow.

［正］ Please remember to bring your dictionary here tomorrow.

［析］表示“带来”应用bring。

8. cause, reason

cause起因，指造成一种事实或现实的直接原因，后面搭配介词of；reason指推理上的原因或理由，即说明一种看法或行为的“理由”，后面搭配介词for。

［误］ They still haven’t found out the reason of the fire.

［正］ They still haven’t found out the cause of the fire.

［析］此处指火灾的直接“起因”，而且后面的介词是of。

9. test, check, examine

test“检测、检验”，侧重看质量、水平等是否过关；check“核查、核对”，侧重看前后数量等是否一致；examine“检查”，侧重看事物或人是否存在问题或故障。

［误］They tested the tyre of the car and found it was flat.

［正］ They examined the tyre of the car and found it was flat.

［析］“检查……毛病”应用examine。

10. especially, specially

especially“尤其”，突出强调其后面内容的重要性或特殊性；specially“特别地”，用于强调特殊场合下的“特殊”情况。

［误］ I like the country, specially in spring.

［正］ I like the country, especially in spring.

［析］此处是突出强调后面的内容。

典例调研

［例1］ We had a pleased trip, but we were all a little tired.

pleased→pleasant。形容词应用错误。pleased“感到高兴的”，用于说明人的情感；pleasant“令人高兴的”，用于说明事物的特征。

［例2］He was hoped to be back in two weeks’ time.

hoped→supposed/expected。动词应用错误。 hope不能用于hope sb. to do sth.结构。

［例3］Have you found who broke the window?

found后加out。副词缺少错误。find指“找到”具体的物体；find out指“搞清楚、弄明白”事情的真相。

［例4］He was so angry that he stared at me.

stared→glared。动词应用错误。stare意为“凝视”；glare意为“怒视”。

［例5］I can’t suppose his raising objections at the meeting.

suppose→imagine。动词搭配错误。imagine 后搭配名词或动名词，suppose后搭配不定式作补语。

［例6］It’s necessary to keep health by doing more exercises.

health→healthy。词性应用错误。keep后应用形容词作表语。

【指导借鉴】

词性分辨错误包含的内容广泛，涉及到语言知识的方方面面，大家应注意在平时的复习中积累经验。

强化闯关

1. We all thought high of him who reduced the high price.

2. We find his English greatly increased.

3. Care your own business!

4. Do you think he is possible to give us some help?

5. We found him sitting lonely in a corner.

6. We know she is quite special about clothes.

7. Did you notice which direction the car had gone?

8. I own great thanks to your help.

9. We were divided from each other when we went into the crowd.

10. I don’t know how long the work will be finished.

答案及解析：

1. high→highly。 副词搭配错误。high用作副词，表示具体概念上的“高地”，highly用作副词，表示抽象意义上的“高度地”。

2. increased→improved。 动词搭配错误。increase表示数量的“增加”，improve表示质量、水平的“提高”。

3. Care→Mind。 动词搭配错误。care意为“在意”，mind意为“当心”，此处为固定搭配。

4. possible→likely。形容词搭配错误。possible“可能的”，前面一般用it作主语；likely“可能的”，表示判断，前面作主语的可以是人也可以是物。

5. lonely→alone。词类使用错误。lonely意为“孤独的、荒凉的”，alone意为“单独地”。

6. special→particular。形容词搭配错误。be particular about...为固定搭配，意为“对……挑剔”。

7. direction→way。名词搭配错误。direction当“方向”讲时，前应用介词in，way当“方向”讲时，前面不需要加介词。

8. own→owe。动词搭配错误。当表示“归功于”或“欠”之意时，应用动词owe。

9. divided→separated。动词搭配错误。divide意为“把……分为几部分”，后面搭配介词into；separate意为“分离、隔离”，后面搭配介词from。

10. long→soon。副词应用错误。long表示动作持续的时间，soon表示动作结束的时间。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇2：名词性从句 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

名词性从句

主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，它们在复合句中的功用相当于名词，因此称为名词性从句，在句中分别作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。

1．When he will come is still unknown.

2．I don’t know who has watered the fields.

3．The problem is that we need more money.

4．Have you heard the news that our team won the game?

1． 主语从句：在复合句中作句子主语的从句。

引导词：连词that、whether;疑问代词who, what, which;

疑问副词when, where, how, why

(1) 连词that（无词意）, whether(是否), 在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用; whether能引导主语从句，而if不能。

That you don’t like him has nothing to do with me.

Whether John will do this experiment remains a question.

（2）疑问代词who, what, which, 在从句中既作连接词又充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced.

What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well.

Which school will win the prize is not known.

Whose dictionary has not been found is still unknown.

Whichever you take will be yours.

Whoever wants this book may take it.

Whatever was said here must be kept secret.

(3)疑问副词when, where, how, why在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语

When they will start hasn’t been decided yet.

Where the heroine went is not mentioned at the end of the story.

How he managed to finish the composition in such a short time is still a mystery.

Why he often comes here is known to us all.

(4)用it作形式主语的主语从句常用的句型有：

It’s said that…

It is certain that…

It seems/ happens that…

It’s possible/ important/ necessary/ clear that…,该句型从句的谓语动词使用虚拟语气形式：should+动词原形。

It is necessary that we should learn some English grammar.

2.表语从句：在复合句中作句子表语的从句

引导词有that, whether, what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how, because等

（1） 引导表语从句的that不省略，that仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何意义

The impression he makes on me is that he is a reliable person.

(2) the reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导，我们学生易犯“the reason is because…”的错误

The reason why the little actress has been such a success is that she is both clever and hard-working.

(3) 在表示命令order等，建议suggestion, advice等的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气：

should+动词原形，should可省略

His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the problem.

(4) whether可引导表语从句，表“是否”，它在从句中不充当成分，if不能引导表语从句。

The question is whether we can rely on him.

(5) 连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose除起连接作用外，还在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语。

That’s what he is worried about.（在从句作中宾语）

The problem is who can do the work.（在从句中作主语）

（6）连接副词when, where, why, how起连接作用外，还在从句中作状语。

That’s why I was late.

That is where he was born.

That is how he did it.

(6) 连词because引导表语从句，只用在

That/This/It is because…结构中

That is because she often works hard.

3．宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语的成分。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语，也可作动词不定式等非谓语动词形式的宾语，还可作某些形容词的宾语从句。

Jenny thought (that) her teacher was unfair.

I’d like to know which one is your husband.

I am sure (that) he won’t mind.

It all depends on whether they will support us.

4.同位语从句：一般跟在某些名词后面，用以解释或说明前面的名词的内容。经常带同位语从句的名词有fact, news, message, doubt, possibility, idea, reason, belief, hope, thought, promise, suggestion, question等。

引导词有连词that, whether；连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how等

（1） that, whether只起连接作用，不在从句中作任何成分。

The idea that England stands for fish& chips…is past.

There is no doubt that the price of cars will go down.

The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.(不能用if)

(2)连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how在从句中作相应成分。

He can’t answer the question how he got the money.

The question who should go abroad requires consideration.

I have no idea which one I should choose.

I’ve got a pretty good idea why they left early.

The question where we should go has not been discussed.

I have no idea when Jack will be back.

同位语从句与定语从句的区别：

We expressed the hope (that) they had expressed.

我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望。（定语从句）

We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.

我们表示希望他们再来中国访问。（同位语从句）

1） 从语法角度上看，引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何句子成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中作主语或宾语等句子成分。

2） 从语义角度上看，同位语从句与前面的名词hope是同位关系，表示hope的内容是they would come to visit China again。因而同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词作补充说明；而定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系，表示“…的”（他们曾经表示过的），起修饰作用，因此定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词。

3） 同位语从句的连词that不能省略，而定语从句的关系代词that，当其在从句中作宾语中，可省略，作主语也不可省略。

I’ve heard the news that he visited our factory.

I’ve heard the news that he told you the other day.

The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.

The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.

The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.

The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇3：《名词性从句》讲义 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

《名词性从句》讲义

一、定义：在复合句中相当于一个名词，做主语、宾语、表语、同位语的从句。

二、引导词：

1. 连词: that , if, whether, as if

2. 连接代词: who , what, which, whose, whom以及wh+ever

3. 连接副词: when, where, why, because, how

三、引导词的作用：

1. 连词只有连接的功能，而不在从句中充当句子成分。

2. 连接代词和连接副词不但有连接的功能，同时还要在从句中充当特定的句子成分，主

语、宾语、表语、定语、状语。

主 语 从 句

基本概念

1． 定义：在复合句中作句子主语的从句叫做主语从句。

2． 构成：关联词+简单句

3． 引导主语从句的关联词有三类：

连词that、whether;

疑问代词who, what, which;

疑问副词when, where, how, why

⑴ 连词that（无词意）, whether(是否), 在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用; whether

能引导主语从句，而if不能。

That you don’t like him has nothing to do with me.

Whether John will do this experiment remains a question.

⑵ 疑问代词who, what, which, 在从句中既作连接词又充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced.

What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well.

Which school will win the prize is not known.

Whose dictionary has not been found is still unknown.

Whichever you take will be yours.

Whoever wants this book may take it.

Whatever was said here must be kept secret.

⑶ 疑问副词when, where, how, why在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原

因状语

When they will start hasn’t been decided yet.

Where the heroine went is not mentioned at the end of the story.

How he managed to finish the composition in such a short time is still a mystery.

Why he often comes here is known to us all.

难点

1． 主语从句能用it作形式上的主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。常以it作形式主语的

句型有：

A. It+be+形容词(well-known, obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如：

It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。

It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。

B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, common

Knowledge, a surprise, a fact, etc.)+that从句。如：

It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。

It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。

C. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged,

etc.)+that从句。如：

It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。

It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.

据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。

It has been suggested that much should be done to prevent the river from being

polluted. 有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流受到污染。

D. It appears / seems that…… （似乎……）

It happens that…… （碰巧……）

It occurred to me that…… （我突然想起……）

It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。

It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。

E. It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从

句。如：

It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。

It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开会毫无区别。

F. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句

后置。如：

Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?

下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？

Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗？

G. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：

How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪！

2． 注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义

Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 来的人将受到欢迎。

Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正确的。

Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who)

你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖励。

表 语 从 句

基本概念

1． 定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。

2． 构成：关联词+简单句

3． 引导表语从句的关联词的种类：

(1) 从属连词that。如：

The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。

(2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如：

He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。

The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。

注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：

All this was over twenty years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday.

这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。

能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如：

It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。

(3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

连接副词 where, when, how, why。

如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。

The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。

That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。

难点

1． 连词because可引导表语从句。如：

I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。

2． 引导表语从句的that不省略，that仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何

意义

The impression he makes on me is that he is a reliable person.

他给我的印象是他是一个可靠的人。

3． the reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导，我们学生易犯“the reason is because…”

的错误

The reason why the little actress has been such a success is that she is both clever and

hard-working.

4． 在表示命令order等，建议suggestion, advice等的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词要

用虚拟语气：should+动词原形，should可省略

His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the problem.

5． whether可引导表语从句，表“是否”，它在从句中不充当成分，if不能引导表语从句。

宾 语 从 句

基本概念

1． 定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

2． 构成：关联词+简单句

3． 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：

(1) 从属连词that。如：

He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。

I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。

注： that在引导宾语从句时也并非任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能

省略。

① Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个

宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)

大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

② I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作

介词宾语时，that不能省略。) 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。

③ That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. (that从句位于句首时，that

不可省略。) 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。

④ We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a

probationary period. (主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。)

鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。

(2) 从属连词if/whether。如：

I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。

I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。

(3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

连接副词 where, when, how, why。

Who or what he was, Martin never learned.

他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。

I wonder what he’s writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。

I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。

You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。

4． 介词宾语从句

宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如：

He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.

他对那天发生的事感到很不快。

I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。

I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。

Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.

你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。

有时介词可以省略。如：

I don’t care (for) who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。

Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式。

难点

1． 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：

We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.

我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。

He has made it clear that he will not give in.

他已表明他不会屈服。

2． 作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except, but, in

后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it作形式宾语。如：

He is a good student except that he is careless.

他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。

You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。

介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如：

Are you sorry for what you’ve done?

你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？

3． 某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain,

pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连词that可省略。如：

I am not sure what I ought to do. 我不能确定我该做什么。

I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said. 恐怕你没领会我说的意思。

I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before. 我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。

Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.

妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。

4． 连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句

if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不

与or not连用。如：

I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。

用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用whether。试比较：

Please let me know if you want to go.

Please let me know whether you want to go.

if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；此句又可理解为条件状语从句，意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。

5． 宾语从句的否定转移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓

语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：

I don’t think you are right. 我认为你错了。

I don’t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。

I don’t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意，是吗？

6． 宾语从句的时态变化规律：

(1) 当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。

(2) 当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳运行。

同 位 语 从 句

基本概念

1． 定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。

2． 用法：

① 同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词that。如：

They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.

对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。

Where did you get the idea that I could not come?

你在哪儿听说我不能来？

Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.

德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。

注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：

I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。

② 连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从

句。

The question who should do the work requires consideration.

谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。

We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.

到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。

It is a question how he did it.

那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。

难点

1． that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别：

We expressed the hope (that) they had expressed.

我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望。（定语从句）

We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.

我们表示希望他们再来中国访问。（同位语从句）

① 从语法角度上看，引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何句子成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中作主语或宾语等句子成分。

② 从语义角度上看，同位语从句与前面的名词hope是同位关系，表示hope的内容是they would come to visit China again。因而同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词作补充说明；而定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系，表示“…的”（他们曾经表示过的），起修饰作用，因此定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词。一般来说，我们可以将同位语从句改写成“主语 + be + 表语”结构。

The hope was that they would come to visit China again.

③ 同位语从句的连词that不能省略，而定语从句的关系代词that，当其在从句中作宾语中，可省略，作主语也不可省略。

I’ve heard the news that he visited our factory.

I’ve heard the news that he told you the other day.

The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.

The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.

The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.

The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.

The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省。)

李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。

The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。)

他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。

2．引导定语从句的when, where, why是关系副词， 在其前面分别有表示时间、地点、原因或方式意义的名词作先先词。

I will never forger the day when I joined the League.

我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。

The factory where I once worked has changed a lot.

我曾经工作过的那家工厂发生了巨大的变化。

That’s the reason why she didn’t come to the meeting.

这就是她为什么没有到会的原因。

当when, why, where引导同位语从句时，它们为连接副词。虽然它们在从句中充当句子成分，但前面却没有与其意义相当的先行词。

I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

The problem where we got the machine needed has already been solved.

我们到哪里去弄所需机器的问题已经解决了。

He has solved the question why he was ill. 他已经解决了他为什么生病这个问题。

3． 一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：

This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.

这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。

高考题实录

1. Can you make sure ______ the gold ring? ( NMET1990)

A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put

C. where has Alice put D. where Alice has put

2. No one will be sure ______ in a million years. (NMET1991)

A. what will man look like B. what man will look like

C. man will look like what D. what look will man like

3. Go and get your coat . It’s ______ you left it (NMET1992)

A. there B. where C. there where D. where there

4. It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning grey (NMET1992)

A. while B. if C. that D. for

5. ____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet．

A．Whenever B．If C．Whether D．That

6. ____he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. (NMET 1993)

A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter

7. --- Do you remember ____ he came?

---Yes, I do, he came by car (NMET 1994)

A. how B. when C. that D. if

8. _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995)

A. There B. This C. That D. It

9. _____we can’t get seems better than _____we have (NMET1996)

A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what

10. ______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. (NMET1996)

A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where

11. It’s generally considered unwise to give a child _____ he or she wants. (NMET1997)

A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever

12. Bob is no longer____ he used to be. (NMET1998)

A. that B. which C. who D. what

13. ---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

---Is that _____ you had a few days off？ (NMET1999)

A. why B. when C. what D. where

14. ______ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising． (上海1999)

A．Who B．The one C．Anyone D．Whoever

参 考 答 案

1─5 DBBCC 6─10 A ADAB 11─14 BDAD

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇4：语法-----名词性从句 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法-----名词性从句

编号：081016 姓名：李欣

定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

1 引导名词性从句的连接词:

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连接连词：that, whether, if , as if ,because不充当从句的任何成分）

连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.

连接副词：when, where, how, why

2名词性从句分类：

A: 主语从句

连接连词：______,___________

连接代词：______, ____________, ______，___________, ______, _______,_______

连接副词：______, ____________, ______，___________.

That she was chosen made us very happy.

注意事项：

1）大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。

It is not important who will go.

It is still unknown which team will win the match

2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：

It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.

It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。

用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：

a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句

It is necessary that… 有必要……

It is important that… 重要的是……

It is obvious that… 很明显……

b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句

It is believed that… 人们相信……

It is known to all that… 从所周知……

It has been decided that… 已决定……

c. It + be +名词+ that-从句

It is common knowledge that… ……是常识

It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……

It is a fact that… 事实是……

d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句

It appears that…似乎……

It happens that…碰巧……

It occurred to me that… 我突然想起

注意:主语从句的主谓一致

When and where well go _______ decided. What we need ____ books/ __ water.

B: 宾语从句

连接连词：______, ____________, ___________,

连接代词：______, _____,_______, ______，______,________,.

连接副词：______, ____________, ______，___________,

John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.

I am glad that you are satisfied with your job

注意事项：

a. 时态与语序:

(T/F):1).Do you know where has he put the precious stone?

2).why did he do it wasn’t clear.

3).He told me that he had been born in 1956.

4).he said we’ll have a meeting this afternoon.

b. 形式宾语 it:

1).hate, like, appreciate depend on, see to, take

2).make, feel, consider, believe, think, find

c. if 与whether区别：

通常,引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句用whether不用if

1).It doesn’t matter she will come or not. 2).The problem is she will have enough time.

3)._____________ it is true remains a question.

4).She doubt ________ she will be successful .

5).The question ____________ it is right or wrong depends on situation.

6).We don’t know _____________ or not she was ready.

7).She hasn’t decided ____________ to go.

8).It all depends on _________ they will support us.

9).They are discussing _____ they will hold a party.

10).I don’t care ____you will come.

注意：动词suggest, advise, insist, prefer, request, require, demand, order, command,等词后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词要用虚拟语气, 其构成是“should+动词原形”，其中should可省略

1).It was suggested that more teachers should be sent there to help them.

2).Tom insisted that his leadership be recognized by all the boys.

C: 表语从句

连接连词：______, ____________, ______，___________,

连接代词：______, ______,______, ______，_____,______,

连接副词：______, ____________, ______，___________,

The fact is that he has not been seen recently.

注意: a. 由that引导，that不作成分，只起连接作用。

b、由whether引导表示不确定，由because引导表示原因。

The point is whether we should lend him the money. It is because I have ever heard of the story.

*** The reason why I was late was that I missed the train.

I was late. It/That/This was because I missed the train.

c. what, which, who, whom, whose等连接代词及when, where, how, why等连接副词既引导句子又充当一定的句子成分.

1).The problem is who we can get to replace her. 2).The question is how he did it.

3).That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.

d. as if常与look, seem, sound等连系动词连用.

She looks as if she would cry.

e.在一些表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气,(should) +do。

My suggestion is that we （should）start early tomorrow.

D: 同位语从句

它一般跟在某些名词后 ，如: idea, news, word, hope, fact, promise, belief, doubt, fear, discovery, chance, possibility…

连接连词：______, ____________,

连接代词：______, ______,______, ______，_____,______,

连接副词：______, ____________, ______，___________,

We heard the news that our team had won the game.

The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.

注意:同位语从句一般用whether，that等词引导，常放在名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系。

1).同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等, 关联词多用从属连词that.

Where did you get the idea that I could not come?

They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.

2).同位语从句意义完整, 应用_____;意义不完整需增加“是否”的含义,应用_________；需要增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用______，________，______等词。

I have no idea __________ he’ll come or not.

The question _____ should do the work requires consideration.

3).表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气（should+动词原形，should可省略）

This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.

The general gave the order that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.

4).同位语从句与定语从句的区别：

a. He has made a promise _____ he will come./… _____ he will stick to.

b. The suggestion _____ we should learn English well is very important for us.

The suggestion _____ Mr.Li gave us on how to Learn English is very important for us.

Practice:

一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：

1. China is no longer what it used to be.

2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.

3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.

4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.

5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.

6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.

7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.

8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.

9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?

10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.

二、用适当的连词填空：

1. I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy.

2. That’s ____________ he refused my invitation.

3. I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.

4. ____________ we need is more time.

5. The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.

6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet.

7. Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for.

8. Is that ____________ you are looking for?

9. Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is?

10. I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not.

参考答案:一、1、表语从句；2、同位语从句；3、不是；4、主语从句；5、同位语从句；6、不是；7、表语从句；8、宾语从句；9、不是；10、宾语从句

二、1. which; 2. why; 3. how; 4. What; 5. that; 6. when, where; 7. who(m); 8. what; 9. where; 10. whether

掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析

掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析

掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析

难点教学建议

三. 指出下列句子中的名词性从句，并说出连词的句法功能：

1.Who will write the poem has not been decided yet.

2. Don’t ask about what the meeting is for

3. I heard it that he had gone abroad.

4. What surprised us is that he lost in the game.

5. Whatever he did is right

6. What he left us was a large sum of money.

7. They kept it quiet that he was dead.

8. Tell me why you don’t like school.

9. He had a feeling that she might not approve of the plan.

10. Whoever comes will be welcome.

11. He wasn’t sure whether he ought to laugh or cry.

12. The book is where you left it.

13. I took it for granted that you would stay with us.

14. We hope that you will enjoy your stay here.

15. When he will be back depends on the weather.

16. We are certain that this is true.

17. He accepted the fact that she would never come back.

18. Where we live doesn’t matter.

19. I have no doubt that you were telling the truth.

20. That is why he turned me down

21. I feel it a terrible thing that I have to get up so early.

22. The reason was that he didn’t work hard.

23. New York is no longer what it was ten years ago.

24. This is where you are wrong.

25. I hate it when people speak with their mouth full.

26. That’s what makes him an excellent conductor.

27. She came to the conclusion that she must act at once

28.I appreciated it very much that he had done me a favor.

29. Our success depends on / upon how well we can cooperate with one another

30. Nobody can explain the mystery why he suddenly disappeared.

四. 改错

1. It’s uncertain that the experiment is worth doing.

2. All what is hard is to do good all one's life and never do anything bad.

3. What the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.

4. You can't imagine how excited were they when they received these nice Christmas presents.

5. That we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

6. What he really means is what he disagrees with us.

7. Whom is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.

8. When we'll finish translating the book depend on the time.

9. Where will the house be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.

10. If you come or not is up to you.

11. That is what he likes the place so much.

12. That is that Lu Xun once lived.

13. We thought strange that Tom did not come yesterday.

14. The fact which she had not said anything surprised all of us.

15. Can you tell me who is that gentleman?

16. Who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

17. The energy is that makes the cells able to do their work.

18. Jack was soon told why he did was not necessary.

19. Is this what we met each other two years ago?

20. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who he is.

21. I don't care whether she has no money. I care if she is honest or not.

22. The child is always lying, so none of us will believe no matter what he says.

23. See to that the children don't catch cold.

24. He, that is playing an important part, which is well-known to us all.

25. The boy dived into the water and, after it seemed to be a long time, he came up again.

五. 根据汉语用英语完成句子

1. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______was true.

他偷了一部自行车是真的。

2. The important thing is _______ _______ _______ , but not_______ _______ _______.

重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。

3. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ has not been found.

他出生在何时何地还不知道。

4. The problem is _______ _______ ________ ________ to the little boy.

问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。

5. She insisted ________ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ the countryside.

她坚持不被派到农村去。

6. I don’t care about _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______.

我并不在意你是否有钱。

7. He has made _______ _______ _______ he will not give in.

他清楚地表明他不会屈服。

8. We don’t believe _______ _______ ______ _______ _______ ______.

我们相信他不会赢得这场比赛。

9. Nobody knows _______ _______ _______ _______.

没有人知道他来自哪里

10. I couldn’t understand _______ _______ _______ _______.

我不能理解为什么被拒绝了。

11. _______ _______ _______ _______ all the museums will be reopened soon.

据宣布所有的博物馆将在不久重新开放

12. He insisted that he _______ in good health and _______ _______ _______ to work there.

他坚持认为他身体健康，并且坚持要求被派到那儿去工作

13. _______ _______ _______ _______ ______ should turn off the lights.

无论谁最后离开房间都应该关灯。

14. It is known to us all _______ _______ _______ _______ _______, there is harm.

众所周知，哪儿有污染，哪儿就有伤害。

15. The problem is _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______.

问题在于这部电影是否值得一看。

Keys:

1． 指出下列句子中的名词性从句，并说出连词的句法功能：

1. Who will write the poem是主语从句， who 在从句中充当主语

2. what the meeting is for 是宾语从句， what 在从句中充当for的宾语

3. that he had gone abroad. 是宾语从句， that 不充当任何成分

4. What surprised us 是主语从句， what 在从句中充当主语

that he lost in the game. 是表语从句，that 不充当任何成分

5. Whatever he did是主语从句， whatever 在从句中充当宾语

6. What he left us是主语从句，what 在从句中充当宾语

7. that he was dead. 是宾语从句，that 不充当任何成分

8. why you don’t like school是宾语从句， why在从句中充当原因状语

9. that she might not approve of the plan. 是同位语从句，that 不充当任何成分

10. Whoever comes是主语从句， whoever 在从句中充当主语

11. whether he ought to laugh or cry. 是形容词sure 的宾语从句， whether不充当任何成分

12. where you left it. 是表语从句，where在从句中充当地点状语

13. that you would stay with us. 是宾语从句， that 不充当任何成分

14. that you will enjoy your stay here. 是宾语从句， that 不充当任何成分

15. When he will be back是主语从句，when在从句中充当时间状语

16. that this is true是形容词certain 的宾语从句， that不充当任何成分

17 that she would never come back. 是同位语从句，that 不充当任何成分

18. Where we live 是主语从句, where在从句中充当地点状语

19. that you were telling the truth是同位语从句，that 不充当任何成分

20. why he turned me down是表语从句，why在从句中充当原因状语

21. that I have to get up so early. 是宾语从句，that 不充当任何成分

22. that he didn’t work hard. 表语从句，that 不充当任何成分

23. what it was ten years ago. 表语从句，what 在从句中充当表语

24. where you are wrong. 是表语从句, where在从句中充当地点状语

25. when people speak with their mouth full. 是宾语从句，when在从句中充当时间状语

26. what makes him an excellent conductor. 是表语从句, what 在从句中充当主语

27. that she must act at once 是同位语从句，that 不充当任何成分

28. that he had done me a favor. 是宾语从句，that 不充当任何成分

29. how well we can cooperate with one another是宾语从句，how在从句中充当程度状语

30. why he suddenly disappeared是同位语从句，why在从句中充当原因状语

改错

1. that -- whether 2. All what-- all that

3. What--That 4. how excited they were

5. That -- Whether 6. what -- that

7. Whom -- Who 8. depends

9. will the house---the house will 10.If -- Whether

11. what -- why 12.that -- where

13. thought + it 14.which -- that

15. who that gentleman is 16.Who -- Whoever

17. that -- what 18.why后加 what

19. what -- where 20.who it is

21. whether -- that 22.no matter who -- whatever

23. see to + it that 24.that – who; which

25. it -- what

根据汉语用英语完成句子

1. That he stole a bike 2. what you do what you say

3. Where and when he was born 4. what he has done

5. that she not be sent to 6. whether you have money or not

7. it clear that 8. that he will win the game

9. where he is from 10. why I was refused

11. It is announced that 12. was…should be sent

13. Whoever leaves the room last 14.that where there is pollution

15. whether the film is worth seeing

掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析

掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析

掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析

难点教学建议

六.

T/F practice

1. He will come back surprises all of us.

That he will come back surprises all of us.

2. That he really means is what he doesn’t agree with us.

What he really means is that he doesn’t agree with us.

3. The news which our team had won pleased everyone.

The news that our team had won pleased everyone.

4. The reason why he failed in the exam was because he was too careless.

The reason why he failed in the exam was that he was too careless.

5. It is unknown that where we will have the meeting.

It is unknown where we will have the meeting.

6. The problem is when will he come back.

The problem is when he will come back.

7. Could you tell me which was the way to the Science Museum?

Could you tell me which is the way to the Science Museum?

8. If he is an engineer is unknown.

Whether he is an engineer is unknown.

9. I have been worrying about if I have hurt her feelings.

I have been worrying about whether I have hurt her feelings.

10.What he needs are enough time and what I need is enough books.

What he needs is enough time and what I need are enough books.

11.No matter who comes to visit the exhibition is welcome.

Whoever comes to visit the exhibition is welcome.

12.I’ll make known to all that you were not honest.

I’ll make it known to all that you were not honest.

13.He is said that he has gone to America.

It is said that he has gone to America.

14.My suggestion is that we will learn more words by heart.

My suggestion is that we should learn more words by heart.

15.Why we decided to put off the meeting is because we had some difficulty in preparing it.

Why we decided to put off the meeting is that we had some difficulty in preparing it.

掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析

掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析

掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析

难点教学建议

总结:名词性从句一向是NMET中的重要考点.通过对近几年高考试题的分析,我们可以看出NMET名词性从句考点主要有以下六个方面:

考点之一:考查名词性从句中that与what的区别

考例: _______ we can't get seems better than _______ we have.

A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what

考点之二:考查名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语

考例1: _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

A. There B. This C. That D. It

考例2: I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full.

A. it B. that C. this D. them

考点之三:考查名词性从句的语序

考例:The photographs will show you _______ .

A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like

C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like

考点之四:考查名词性从句中的whether, if以及that的区别

考例1: _______ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where

考例2: What the doctors really doubt is_____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.

A. when B. how C. whether D. why

考例3: It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning gray.

A. while B. that C. if D. for

考点之五:考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句及其与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别

考例 1:It is generally considered unwise to give a child _______ he or she wants.

A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever

考例2: Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests.

A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who

考点之六:考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题

考例:It is necessary that a college student ______ at least a foreign language.

A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master

名词性从句专项练习

单项选择:

1. The way he did it was different we were used to . ( 05 江西 )

A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which

2. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___ silly mistakes I had made. ( 05 湖南 )

A. what B. that C. how D. which

3. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _____ he was a man of action. ( 06 湖南 )

A. which B. that C. what D. whether

4. We haven't settled the question of ______________ it is necessary for him to study abroad. （ 06江苏 ）

A. if B. where C. whether D. that

5. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.（ 06辽宁 ）

A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever

6. See the flags on top of the building? That was we did this morning. （ 06全国I ）

A. when B. which C. where D. what

7. Please remind me he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. （ 06全国I ）

A. where B. when C. how D. what

8. --- What did your parents think about your decision?

--- They always let me do _______ I think I should. （ 06全国III ）

A. when B. that C. how D. what

9. Engines are to machines _________ hearts are to animals. （ 06山东 ）

A. as B. that C. what D. which

10. I just wonder __________ that makes him so excited. （ 06山东 ）

A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is

11. One advantage of playing the guitar is _________ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. （ 06上海 ）

A. how B. why C. that D. when

12. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning ________ his teammates had done. （ 06上海 ）

A. what B. which C. why D. while

13. --- It’s thirty years since we last met.

--- But I still remember the story, believe it or not, __________ we got lost on a rainy

night. （ 06四川 ）

A. which B. that C. what D. when

14. There is much chance Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.

（ 06天津 ）

A. that B. which C. until D. if

15. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class he had to meet his uncle at the airport. （ 06重庆 ）

A. why B. that C. where D. because

16. These shoes look very good. I wonder __________. （ 06上海春季 ）

A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost

C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost

17. Doris' success lies in the fact _________ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. （ 06上海春季 ）

A. which B. that C. when D. why

18. --- Could you do me a favor?

--- It depends on it is.

A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever

19. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _________ I thought was a dangerous speed.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

20.. Along with the letter was his promise _______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.

A. which B. that C. what D. whether

21. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for. （江苏）

A. what B. why C. how D. whether

22. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. （20陕西）

A. That B. Which C. What D. As

23．--------------worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. （2007年山东）

A．This B．That C．What D．It

64. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is . （2007年天津）A. what B. which C. how D. where

25. You can only be sure of __you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _____ you might get in the future. . （2007年安徽） A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that

26.It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself.

A. how B. what C. which D. when（2007年福建）

27 ____ matters most in learning English is enough practice. （2007年国2）

A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which

28. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. （2007年上海）

A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where

29. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. （2007年上海）

A. when B. why C. whether D. that

30. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are. （2007年浙江）

A. where B. what C. when D. why

31. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea_____ the party is to be held? (2008陕西卷)

A. what B. which C. that D. where

32. People in Chongqing are proud of _____they have achieved in the past ten years. （2008重庆）

A. that B. which C. what D. how

33. The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park. （2008天津卷）

A. where B. how C. when D. why

34. ______was most important to her. she told me, was her family.（2008山东）

A. It B. This C. What D. As

35. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. (2008湖南卷)

A. what B. why C. whom D. which

36. The companies are working together to create______

they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. （2008北京卷）

A. which B. that C. what D. who

37. The news _____ our athletes won another gold medal was reported In yesterday’s newspaper. (2008上海春招)

A. which B. whether C. what D. that

38. ______ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled. (2008上海春招)

A. What B. Which C. Whether D. That

39. _____is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.（2008福建）

A. It B. What C. As D. Which

40. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about ____ he will do or think. (上海卷)

A. what B. which C. whom D. that

41. It has been proved _____ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. (20上海卷)

A. if B. because C. when D. that

参考答案：1 ------ 5 CABCA 6 ------ 10 DBDCD 11 ----- 15 CABAB

16 ------ 20 CBCCB 21-------25 ACDAB 26 ----- 30 BABDA

31-------35 DCCCA 36 ----- 41 CDABAD

掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析

掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析

掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析

难点教学建议

二、名词性从句典型错误

1. That she wants to know is which dress she should buy.

2. He will give up his job surprises all of us.

3. No matter who breaks the law will be punished.

4. If the meeting will be held in our school is not known yet.

5. That worried her a bit was that he couldn’t get in touch with her friend.

6. He is said he has gone to America.

7. She was praised for what had she done.

8. He wants to know I still study English.

9. The reason why I was late was because I missed the train.

10.I have no doubt if we shall be able to do something for you.

三、翻译下列句子，使用适当的名词性从句

1.我们还不能确定他是否能够成功.

2.真奇怪，他竟没有看出自己的缺点.

3.我们听到了我们队获胜这个好消息.

4.我对他告诉我的这个消息很感兴趣.

5.那就是你错的地方。

参考答案

改错：1. That-What 2. 加That 3.No matter who-whoever/Anyone who 4. If-Whether

5. That-What 6. He-It 7. had she-she had 8. know 后加whether/if 9. because-that

10. if-whether

翻译:

1. we are not sure whether/if he will succeed.

2. It is strange that he should have failed to see his own shortcoming.

3. We heard the news that our team had won.

4. I’m interested in the news that he told me.

5. That’s where you are wrong.

掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析

掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析

掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析

难点教学建议

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇5：名词性从句4 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

名词性从句

课型：语法

目的：探索规律，认识从句，使用名词性从句

重点：引导词的选用

难点：定语从句与同位语从句的区别；whether与if 的选用

辅助工具：思维导图

授课流程：

1. 通过例句，归纳概念，认识从句，名词性从句（例句略）

2. 导入名词性从句，种类（例句略）

3. 名词性从句的引导词及使用（例句略）

4. 提出问题，解决问题（例句略）

5. 归纳总结

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇6：考点8 形容词性从句 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

考点8 形容词性从句

1. I walked in our garden, Tom and Jim were trying a big sign onto one of the trees.

A. which B. when C. where D. that

2. If a shop has chairs women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.

A. that B. which C. when D. where

3. You can find whatever you need at the shopping center, is always busy at the weekend.

A. that B. where C. what D. which

4. Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be.

A. who B. that C. what D. which

5. Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those don’t.

A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who C. who; who D. 不填; 不填

6. We’re just trying to teach a point both sides will sit down together and talk.

A. where B. that C. when D. which

7. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child.

A. which B. where C. that D. when

8. I never forget the days we spent together.

A. that B. when C. whose D. what

9. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, leading actor is world famous?

A. its B. it’s C. whose D. which

10. - Why does she always ask you for help?

- There is no one else , is there?

A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn

11. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, we gave some bells and glasses.

A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which

12. I have many friends, some are businessmen.

A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom

13. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students Chinese in the school, most _____ were from Germany.

A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom

14. I was given three books on cooking, the first I really enjoyed.

A. of that B. of which C. that D. which

15. This is the book I paid ten yuan.

A. for which B. for that C. which D. off which

16. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p. m. , many people have got home.

A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which

17. I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.

A. When B. After C. As D. Since

18. The word “write” has the same pronunciation the word “right”.

A. of B. as C. to D. from

19. The Beatles, many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool,

A. what B. that C. how D. as

20. This book is very interesting. Where did you buy it? I will buy the same book you have bought.

A. which B. as C. that D. what

21. we all know, Taiwan is part of china.

A. As B. Which C. What D. That

22. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, other visitors seldom go.

A. what B. which C. where D. when

23. Our language classes include a lot about the culture of the country language we are studying.

A. which B. whose C. whatever D. whichever

24. Who is the girl is hurrying to school?

A. who B. whom C. that D. which

25. Is there a gas station around I can get some petrol?

A. which B. what C. where D. that

26. Do you have anything to say for your selves?

- Yes, there’s one point we must insist on.

A. why B. where C. how D. /

27. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house roof is under repair.

A. whose B. which C. of which D. what

28. She was educated at Beijing University, ___ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.

A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that

29. Liu Xiang’s breaking the world record was an exciting moment, all of us will never forget.

A. that B. one C. it D. what

30. My teacher of English is really very kind. I’ll never for get the he has done me.

A. favor B. deed C. help D. value

31. Remember that the birthday _ we spend happily each year was just our mothers suffered bitterly.

A. when; what B. when; that C. that; when D. that; what

32. There is hardly an environment on earth some species of animal or other have not adapted successfully.

A. to which B. in which C. for which D. on which

33. After ten years of hard time, the young lady has turned movie star, she dreamed of becoming in her childhood.

A. who B. which C. that D. what

34. A supermarket, as the name suggests, is a place goods of all kinds can be bought.

A. what B. which C. where D. in which

35. There are many people only on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mail.

A. who B. that C. which D. whose

36. - Is that the small town you often refer to?

- Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.

A. that B. which C. where D. what

37. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs they are being trained.

A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which

38. The place the bridge is supposed to be built should be the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.

A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which

39. Do you have any idea is actually going on in the classroom?

A. that B. what C. which D. where

40. Some of the things children like to collect are stamps and dolls.

A. that B. which C. whose D. who

41. We looked back over all happened during the past year, to ourselves, to our city and to the world.

A. which has B. that have C. that has D. which have

42. The large room the dance is held is beautifully decorated.

A. in which B. which C. that D. /

43. There are little tables people may sit when they are not dancing.

A. in which B. on which C. which D. that

44. Most of the jokes told by comedians are soon forgotten.

A. which was B. that was C. were D. that were

45. The most important roads in downtown were paved with large stones.

A. are B. is C. that are D. which are

46. I don’t know the reason you have changed your idea.

A. which B. as C. when D. why

47. The earth is a huge hall, 70% of covered with water.

A. which is B. which are C. that is D. that are

48. She is the only one of the teachers loved deeply.

A. who is B. who are C. that is D. that are

49. Who seen the film doesn't admire it?

A. who has B. who have C. that has D. that have

50. is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

51. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane.

A. where B. which C. while D. why

52. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ___, of course, made the others unhappy.

A. who B. which C. this D. what

53. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.

A. that B. while C. which D. when

54. The news is spreading around the airport is a heavy storm is coming.

A. what; / B. that; that C. /; that D. that; which

考点 9 名词性从句

1. Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game.

A. why B. what C. who D. that

2. Damby left word with my secretary he would call again in the afternoon.

A. who B. that C. as D. which

3. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for he thought was not enough.

A. where B. how C. what D. which

4. - Could you do me a favour?

- It depends on it is.

A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever

5. Please remind me he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.

A. where B. when C. how D. what

6. There is much chance Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.

A. that B. which C. until D. if

7. I try to understand prevents them from being as happy as one might expect although they are so rich. A. that B. what C. it D. whether

8. The dealer told me how much he was prepared to pay for my car and I could have the money without delay.

A. what B. that C. / D. whether

9. I have found out they will ask to lead the victory march on Saturday.

A. when B. where C. whom D. what

10. As soon as he comes back, I will tell him when and see him.

A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come

11. The old lady’s hand shook frequently, she explained to her doctor this shaking had begun half a year before, and , only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job.

A. when; how B. how; when C. how; how D. why; why

12. Great changes have taken place in the school. It’s no longer _ it was 8 years ago, __ poorly equipped.

A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that

13. What we used to think impossible now does seem possible.

A. is B. was C. has been D. will be

14. team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.

A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever

15. See the flags on top of the building? That was we did this morning.

A. when B. which C. where D. what

16. - It’s thirty years since we last met.

- But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night.

A. which B. that C. what D. when

17. We can’t figure out quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.

A. that B. as C. why D. when

18. A modern city has been set up in was a waste land ten years ago.

A. what B. which C. that D. where

19. Mr. Smith suggested that all of the students their exercise books.

A. handed in B. should hand in C. handing in D. that hand in

20. After five hours’ drive, they reached they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of.

A. that B. where C. which D. what

21. It is certain little Tom can work out such a difficult problem.

A. whether B. that C. if D. when

22. These photographs will show you _ .

A. what our village looks like B. what does our village look like

C. how our village look like D. how does our village look like

23. The news our team won the match was true.

A. if B. that C. whether D. why

24. A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. A. if B. when C. that D. which

25. we’ll go camping next week depends on the weather.

A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where

26. Father made a promise I passed the examination he would buy me a new dictionary.

A. that B. if C. whether D. that if

27. There is some doubt she will be able to repay the money on time.

A. that B. if C. what D. whether

28. Doris’ success lies in the fact she is cooperative and eager to learn from others.

A. which B. that C. when D. why

29. These shoes look very good. I wonder .

A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost

C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost

30. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.

A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever

31. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased be was a man of action.

A. which B. that C. what D. whether

32. I shall never forget 9 a.m. on Oct, 12, the most exciting moment, Shen Zhou VI was launched, is always making me think of I can do more for my homeland.

A. that; which; which B. which; that; that C. when; as; what D. when; which; how

33. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and it is rough or smooth.

A. / B. whether C. how D. what

34. The poor young man is ready to accept help he can get.

A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever

35. I was surmised by her words, which made me recognize silly mistakes I had made.

A. what B. that C. how D. which

36. Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game.

A. why B. what C. who D. which

37. The way he did it was different we were used to.

A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which

38. The teacher demanded that our examination paper handed in at once.

A. be B. must be C. would be D. had to be

39. We all agree with him on he said.

A. what B. that C. why D. how

40. We must do well the party assigns us to do.

A. that B. what C. which D. those

41. I will give this dictionary to wants to have it.

A. whomever B, whoever C. whatever D. wherever

42. I’m sorry your mother is ill.

A. whom B. if C. that D. how

43. We think it important we should keep the balance of nature.

A. whether B. what C. that D. which

44. I hope happy while you are here.

A. you to be B. for your being C. you will be D. you being

45. We all know the news he told her.

A. to which B. / C. what D. at that

46. Word has come some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.

A. what B. that C. whether D. when

47. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it

A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken

48. The reason I plan to go is if I don’t.

A. because she will be disappointed B. that she will be disappointed

C. because she will be disappointed D. on account of she will have a disappointed

49. the old man’s sons wanted to know was the gold had been hidden.

A. That; what B. What; where C. What; that D. What; if

50. What a pity is you didn’t arrive by daylight.

A. there; because B. it; that C. he; when D. that; for

51. we can’t get seems better than we have.

A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what

52. It’s not yet clear of those will be chosen to do the job.

A. that B. whom C. which D. whose

53. It is probable he told her everything.

A. who B. which C. why D. that

54. It doesn’t matter I rest or not.

A. if B. whether C. that D. when

55. is still a secret when the president will make a public speech.

A. That B. He C. What D. It

56. breaks the law should be punished.

A. No matter who B. Whoever C. All D. Who

考点10 副词性从句

1. - Did Jack come back early last night?

- Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock he arrived home.

A. before B. when C. that D. until

2. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years I enjoyed myself so much.

A. when B. that C. before D. since

3. Scientists think that the continents always where they today.

A. aren’t; are B. aren’t; were C. weren’t; are D. weren’t; were

4. How can you expect to learn anything you never listen?

A. in case B. even if C. unless D. when

5. - Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?

- He rushed out of the room I could say a word.

A. before B. until C. when D. after

6. - How long do you think it will be China sends a manmade spaceship to the moon?

- Perhaps two or three years.

A. when B. until C. that D. before

7. the teacher came in, the students were fighting with each other.

A. While B. When C. As D. Since

8. many boys were playing basketball on the playground, the girls were singing and dancing in the room.

A. When B. While C. Before D. As

9. he walked along the street, he sang happily.

A. When B. While C. As D. That

10. It is known to all that you exercise regularly ,you won’t keep good health.

A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if

11. I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s I have to wait.

A. in case B. so that C. in order D. as if

12. you have tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is.

A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When

13. We don’t keep winning games we keep playing well.

A. because B. unless C. when D. while

14. His plan was such a good one we all agreed to accept it.

A. so B. and C. that D. as

15. China can get more benefit it is a member of WTO.

A. because B. on condition that C. though D. when

16. Tom is a young boy he can’t earn money.

A. such; that B. so; that C. /; that D. such; when

17. He will not leave it is fine tomorrow.

A. if B. unless C. as long as D. in case

18. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, they are different from your own.

A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though

19. There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, she was an only child.

A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. even as

20. most of the earth’s surface is covered by water, fresh water is very rare and precious.

A. As B. Once C. If D. Although

21. he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.

A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although

22. This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it, .

A. how much may it cost B. no matter how it may cost

C. however much it may cost D. how may it cost

23. you do, you must work hard.

A. No matter what B. Whatever C. What D. A and B

24. , I won’t marry her.

A. As I love her much B. Much as I love her C. As much I love her D. I love her as much

25. I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early I can have time for a cup of tea.

A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that

26. John shut everybody out of the kitchen _ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.

A. which B. when C. so that D. as if

27. We must hurry up catch up with the last train.

A. that B. so that to C. in order that D. in order to

28. We must work hard at school we can get high marks and good reputation.

A. so as to B. so that C. so D. in order to

29. He is as tall as

A.I B. me C. my D. A and B

30. He didn’t go to bed _______ his mother came back.

A. till B. until C. as D. since

31. Although he is considered a great writer, ________.

A. however his works are not widely read B. but his works are not widely read

C. his works are not widely read D. still his works are not widely read

32. , he never seems able to do the work beautifully.

A. Try as he does B. As he tries C. Try as does he D. As he does try

33. The old man runs very fast as if he a young man.

A. is B. was C. were D. will be

34. You’d better take something to read when you go to see the doctor you have to wait.

A. even if B. as if C. in case D. in order that

35. I will have to wait for him _______ he comes back.

A. till B. until C. as D. A and B

36. he was 16, he didn’t leave his mother.

A. Till B. Until C. Not until D. After

37. , he knows a lot.

A. Child as is he B. Child as he is C. As he is a child D. As a child is he

38. If you are traveling the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.

A. in which B. what C. when D. where

39. - Morn, what did your doctor say?

- He advised me to live the air is fresher.

A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where

40. He was about halfway through his meal a familiar voice came to his ears.

A. why B. where C. when D. while

41. Lucy, the boy was frightened by the terrible noise from the next room. Take him ________ it’s quiet, I think. A. when B. where C. what D. before

42. - Do you smoke? - No, I don’t. But I used to. It’s two years since I .

A. smoked B. didn’t smoke C. have smoked D. began to smoke

43. your opinions are worth considering, the president finds it unwise to place too much importance on them. A. As B. Since C. When D. While

44. Let’s put off the picnic until next week, the weather may be better.

A. then B. if C. as D. when

45. Bekoff has found animals sometimes try not to hit or bite, especially they are playing with a weaker partner.

A. if B. before C. unless D. when

46. He transplanted the little tree to the garden it was the best time for it.

A. where B. when C. that D. until

47. I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early I can have time for a cup of tea.

A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that

48. The American Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end.

A. after B. when C. before D. then

49. It is known to all that you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health.

A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if

50. It was some time we realized the truth.

A. when B. until C. since D. before

51. You must keep on working in the evening, you are sure you can finish the task in time.

A. as B. if C. when D. unless

52. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years I enjoyed myself so much.

A. when B. that C. before D. since

53. After the war, a new school was put up there once had been a theatre.

A. that B. where C. which D. when

54. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up I could answer the phone.

A. as B. since C. until D. before

55. - Don’t look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages.

- Oh, yes. others are weak, he is strong.

A. If B. When C. Where D. Though

56. I shall still go outside.

A. As the sun is hot B. Hot as is the sun C. Hot as the sun is D. Though is the sun

57. The harder you , progress you will make.

A. will work; greater B. will work; much C. work; the greater D. work; much greater

58. He is going you went last week.

A. where B. wherever C. when D. in the place

59. I have never heard from her I left my hometown.

A. since B. as C. before D. when

60. No sooner had he arrived __________ she started complaining.

A. when B. as C. than D. while

61. Roses need special care they can live through winter.

A. because B. so that C. even if D. as

62. you call me to say you are not coming, I will see you at the theatre.

A. Though B. Whether C. Until D. Unless

63. modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.

A. While B. Since C. As D. If

64. Scientists say it may be five or six years it is possible to test this medicine.

A. since B. after C. before D. when

65. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a park she was bitten on the leg by a lion.

A. when B. while C. since D. once

66. Parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses eye protection is necessary in sunny weather. A. because B. though C. unless D. if

考点小资料（复合句：形容词、名词、副词从句）

I. “介词+关系代词”结构的用法

i. “不定代词或数词或名词+of which / whom”在定语从句中作主语。

ii. “介词+whose”修饰后面的名词作定语。

iii. “介词+which+不定式”相当于一个简化了的定语从句。

iv. 注意“介词+where” 引导的定语从句：有时在阅读过程中我们会碰到“介词+where”引导的定语从句，此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意义上加以区别。如：They stood on the top of the building, from where they could see the whole city. ( from where相当于from the top of the building，而不是from the building )

II. which / that的区别：当先行词指物时，许多情况下既可以用关系代词which，也可以用关系代词that。在下列情况下，只能使用关系代词that：i. 当先行词是不定代词all，much，little，something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one时。如: Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself ? / You should hand in all that you have. ii. 当先行词前面有only，any，few，little，no，all，very等词修饰时。如：This is the very book that I’ m looking for. / The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. iii. 当先行词是形容词最高级时或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is the best that has been wasted against pollution./This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen. iv. 当先行词是序数词或它前有一个序数词时，如：This train is the last that will go to Huangzhou. / What is the first American film that you have seen? v. 当先行词既有人又有物时，如：Do yon know the things and persons that they are talking about? vi. 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。如：Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the boy that won the gold medal? vii. 有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个空用that. 如：They secretly built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution.

III. 形式主语的四个主要句型

(1) It+be+名词+that从句:

It is a pity that … “可惜的是”，用于此句型的名词还有fact / shame / honor / question等。

(2) It+be+形容词+that从句

It is certain that …“很肯定”，用于此句型的形容词还有clear/better/natural/important/necessary。

(3) It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句

It is said that …“据说”，可用于此句型的过去分词还有believed / known / reported等。

(4) It+不及物动词+that从句

It seems that …“好像是……似乎……”可用于此句型的不及物动词还有happen / appear等。

IV. 同位语从句：同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有 advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word 等。

V. 特殊的状语从句连接词：时间状语从句通常由从属连词when，while，whenever，as，after，as soon as，till，until，since，once，before等引导。但下列两类词(组)也可作为连词来引导时间状语从句：the moment, the minute, the second, the next time, the first time, by the time, every(each) time, the day (year, month) 等； immediately，directly，instantly等。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇7：定语从句、名词性从句 高考题 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

定语从句、名词性从句

高考题汇编

1. The weather turned out to be very good, _____________ was more than we could expect.

A. what B. which C. that D. it

2. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _____________ came as a surprise.

A. it B. that C. which D. he

3. The result of the experiment was very good, ____________ we hadn’t expected.

A. when B. that C. which D. what

4. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _____, of course, made the others envy him.

A. who B. that C. what D. which

5. He was very rude to the Customs officer, ____ of course made things even worse.

A. who B. whom C. what D. which

6. Anyway, that evening, _______ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.

A. when B. where C. what D. which

7. He made another wonderful discovery, _____________ of great importance to science.

A. which I think is B. which I think it is

C. which I think it D. I think which is

8. New York, ____ last year, is a nice old city.

A. that I visited B. which I visited

C. where I visited D. in which I visited

9. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _____________, of course, made the others unhappy.

A. who B. which C. this D. what

10. Carol said the work would be done by October, ____ personally I doubt very much.

A. it B. that C. when D. which

11. Jim passed the driving test, ____ surprised everybody in the office.

A. which B. that C. this D. it

12. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ____ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.

A. who B. that C. as D. which

13. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, ____________ was true.

A. he B. this C. which D. who

14. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ____________ the sailing time was 226 days.

A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which

15. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _____________ many people have gone home.

A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time

16. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, __________ , he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students' Union.

A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose D. by that time

17. Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ____ we would have lost our way.

A. it B. that C. this D. which

18. He was educated at a local grammar school, _________ he went on to Cambridge.

A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this

19. Frank’s dream was to have his own shop ____ to produce the workings of his own hands.

A. that B. in which C. by which D. how

20. I was given three books on cooking, the first _____ I really enjoyed.

A. of that B. of which C. that D. which

21. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ________ are sold abroad .

A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that

22. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of ____________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.

A. these B. those C. that D. which

23. The English play _____ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.

A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which

24. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ______ people were eaten by the tiger.

A. in which B. by which C. which D. that

25. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained.

A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which

26.I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction ____ she had come.

A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which

27. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _____________ was very reasonable.

A. which price B. the price of which

C. its price D. the price of whose

28. Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be.

A. who B. that C. what D. which

29. I don’t like _____________ you speak to her.

A. the way B. the way in that

C. the way which D. the way of which

30. What surprised me was not what he said but ____________ he said it.

A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which

31. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____________ he grew up as a child.

A. which B. where C. that D. when

32. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _____________ in the forest.

A. once they grew B. they grew once

C. that once grew D. once grew

33. I work in a business ______________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.

A. how B. which C. where D. that

34. There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.

A. where B. which C. when D. that

35. A fast food restaurant is the place __________, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.

A. which B. where C. there D. what

36. -Is that the small town you often refer to?

-Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.

A. that B. which C. where D. what

37. If a shop has chairs____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.

A. that B. which C. when D. where

38. We are just trying to reach a point __ both sides will sit down together and talk.

A. where B. that C. when D. which

39. I can think of many cases ____ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.

A. why B. which C. as D. where

40. We’re just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.

A. where B. that C. when D. which

41. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.

A. where B. which C. while D. why

42. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums and some other places, ____ other visitors seldom go.

A. what B. which C. where D. when

43. Carol said the work would be done by October, ____________ personally I doubt very much.

A. it B. that C. when D. which

44. Do you still remember the chicken farm we visited three months ago?

A. where B. when C. that D. what

45. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ____ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.

A. that B. while C. which D. when

46. We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer.

A. which B. that C. whose D. when

47. The famous basketball star, _____________ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.

A. where B. when C. which D. who

48. The gentleman _____________ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.

A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom

49. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently.

A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom

50. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _____we gave some bells and glasses.

A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which

51. I have many friends, ________ some are businessmen.

A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom

52. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in school, most ____ were from Germany.

A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom

53. - Why does she always ask you for help?

- There is no one else ______, is there?

A. who to turn to B. she can turn to

C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn

54. Women ____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ___ don’t.

A. who; / B. /; who C. who; who D. /; /

55. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house _______ roof is under repair.

A. whoseB. which C. of which D. that

56. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ____ leading actor is world-famous/

A. its B. it’s C. whose D. which

57. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ________ effects people are still suffering.

A. that B. whose C. those D. what

58. George Orwell, ____ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.

A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name

59. He is the only one of the students who ____ a winner of scholarship for three years.

A. is B. are C. have been D. has been

60. These houses are sold at such a low price _____________ people expected.

A. like B. as C. that D. which

61. ____________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

62. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

63. ____ is one belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.

A. As B. That C. This D. It

64. ________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.

A. Which B. When C. What D. As

65. ____________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.

A. When B. After C. As D. Since

66. The Beatles, __ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.

A. what B. that C. how D. as

67. ---- Do you remember ____ he came?

---- Yes, I do. He came by car.

A. how B. when C. that D. if

68. I remember ____ this used to be a quiet village.

A. when B. how C. where D. what

69. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ____.

A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is

70. I know nothing about the young lady, ____ she is from Beijing.

A. except B. except for C. except that D. besides

71. The suit fitted him well ____ the color was a little brighter.

A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides

72. Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’s future.

A. that B. how C. such D. so

73. The old lady’s hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor ______ this shaking had begun half a year before, and _____, only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job.

A. when; how B. how; when C. how; how D. why; why

74. These wild flowers are so special I would do _____ I can to save them.

A. whatever B. thatC. which D. whichever

75. The poor young man is ready to accept ____ help he can get.

A．whichever B．however C．whatever D．whenever

76. Eat ____ cake you like and leave the others for ____ comes in late.

A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever

77. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ____ shares her interests.

A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who

78. A computer can only do_________ you have instructed it to do.

A. how B. after C. what D. when

79. -I think it’s going to be a big problem.

-Yes, it could be.

-I wonder we can do about it.

A. if B. how C. what D. that

80. I think Father would like to know ____ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.

A. which B. why C. what D. how

81. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _____ I thought was a dangerous speed.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

82. We haven’t settled the question of ____ it is necessary for him to study abroad.

A. if B. where C. whether D. that

83. It is a matter of ____ would take the position.

A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever

84. --- Could you do me a favor?

--- It depends on ____ it is.

A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever

85. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly ____ he wants.

A. what B. which C. when D. that

86. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.

A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever

87. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ______ he thought was not enough.

A. where B. how C. what D. which

88. A modern city has been set up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago.

A. what B. which C. that D. where

89. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___ silly mistakes I had made.

A. what B. that C. how D. which

90. The way he did it was different we were used to.

A．in which B．in what C．from what D．from which

91. The road is covered with snow. I can’t understand______ they insist on going by motor-bike.

A. why B. whether C. when D. how

92. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _____it is rough or smooth.

A. / B. whether C. how D. what

93. Please remind me ____ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.

A. where B. when C. how D. what

94. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _____ he was a man of action.

A. which B. that C. what D. whether

95. We can’t figure out ____ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.

A. that B. as C. why D. when

96. As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when ____ and see him.

A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come

97. Mum is coming. What present ____ for your birthday?

A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got

C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got

98. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ____ silly mistakes I had made.

A. what B. that C. how D. which

99. ---- What did your parents think about your decision?

---- They always let me do ____ I think I should.

A. when B. that C. how D. what

100. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before.

A. that B. how C. where D. what

101. It is pretty well understood ____ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in the out the atmosphere today.

A. that B. when C. what D. how

102. ____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.

A. what is required B. what requires C. It is required D. It requires

103. ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

A. There B. This C. That D. It

104. ____ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.

A. what B. who C. whatever D. whoever

105. ____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have.

A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what

106. ____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.

A. What B. That C. How D. Where

107. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _______ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.

A. where B. what C. that D. how

108. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _______ it was?

A．where B．what C．how D．which

109. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter _____ I’m talking to.

A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom

110. ____ team wins on Saturday will do through to the national championships.

A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever

111. ____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where

112. A warm thought suddenly came to me ________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.

A. ifB. whenC. thatD. which

113. A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.

A. when B. where C. what D. that

114. Along with the letter was his promise _______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.

A. which B. that C. what D. whether

115. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt __ a cure for AIDS will be found.

A. which B. that C. what D. whether

116. Danby left word with my secretary ______he would call again in the afternoon.

A．who B．that C．as D．which

117. Do you have any idea ________ is actually going on in the classroom?

A．that B．what C．as D．which

118. --- It’s thirty years since we last met.

--- But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ___ we got lost on a rainy night.

A. which B. that C. what D. when

119. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class ____ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.

A. why B. thatC. where D. because

120. There’s a feeling in me ____ we’ll never know what a UFO is – not ever.

A. that B. which C. of which D. what

121. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road conditions need ____.

A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved

C. where; improving D. when; improving

122. There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.

A. that B. which C. until D. if

123. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree.

A. why B. where C. what D. how

124. See the flags on the top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.

A. when B. which C. where D. what

125. Perseverance is a kind of quality ---- and that’s ____ it takes to do anything well.

A. what B. that C. which D. why

126. ---- Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?

---- Oh, that’s ____

A. what makes me fell excited B. whatever I feel excited about

C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited

127. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

---- Is that ____ you had a few days off?

A. why B. when C. what D. where

128. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. ____ I got wet through.

A. It’s the reason B. That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s how

129. Is this the reason ______________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

A. he explained B. what he explained

C. how he explained D. why he explained

130. I can think of many cases _____________ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.

A. why B. which C. as D. where

131. The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ________the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.

A. which; where B. at which; which

C. at which; where D. which; in which

132. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______ it was 20 years ago, _____ it was so poorly equipped.

A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that

133. It was not until she got home _____ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.

A. when B. that C. where D. before

134. I just wonder _____ that makes him so excited.

A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is

135. If you are traveling ______ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.

A. in which B. what C. when D. where

136. In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help _____ there is human suffering.

A. whoever B. however C. whatever D. wherever

137. --- Do you have anything to say for yourselves?

--- Yes, there’s one point _____ we must insist on.

A. why B. whereC. how D. /

138. ---- Don’t you think it necessary that he ____ to Miami but to New York?

---- I agree, but the problem is ____ he has refused to.

A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that

C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what

定语从句、名词性从句

强化训练

1. Is there a bar around _____I can have something to eat?

A. that B. what C. which D. where

2. I’ll talk about a newly-opened market ______ you may get all _______ you need.

A. in which; which B. where; that

C. where; what D. which; that

3. We travelled together as far as Chicago, _____ we said goodbye to each other.

A. which B. when C. why D. where

4. With the development of agriculture, the people _______ village I taught before have lived a happy life.

A. who B. whose C. in whose D. in which

5. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place _____ you may spend your weekend.

A. which B. that C. when D. where

6. China is the birthplace of kites, _____ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.

A. from that B. from where C. from there D. from here

7. Earth is a rocky planet ______ liquid water, which is necessary for life, can exist.

A. which B. as C. where D. when

8. He has lost the key to the drawer _____ the papers are kept.

A. where B. on which C. under which D. which

9. Antarctic _____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.

A. which B. where C. that D. about which

10. EBay, Amazon and Wal-Mart are popular websites ______ people can sell goods to each other.

A. where B. which C. when D. whose

11. We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, _____ live my grandparents and some relatives.

A. which B. that C. who D. where

12. We should get more teachers into the schools ____ they are most needed, namely, in the western areas of our country.

A. which B. where C. when D. while

13. In experiments ____ young teens are allowed to sleep as long as they want, they tend to sleep an average of 9 hours.

A. that B. what C. which D. where

14. The general at last got a chance to visit the village _____ he used to fight, _____ he had been dreaming of for years.

A. that; which B. where ; that C. in which ; what D. where; which

15. Can you think of some cases ______ drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn’t obey them?

A. why B. where C. as D. which

16. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point______ he can walk correctly and safely.

A. when B. which C. where D. whose

17. The oral interpretation, according to Ella Leung, a judge in the competition, is designed to test the degree ____ an interpreter has been “exposed” to English.

A. to that B. with which C. with whom D. to which

18. Mr. White will come to the party on Sunday, ____ he promise to every one of us.

A. when B. that C. what D. which

19. The house, _____ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.

A. the roof of which B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof

20. Edison made a lot of inventions, ____ of great importance.

A. which I think are B. which I think they are

C. which I think they D. I think which are

21. It was such a serious mistake, _____ caused by carelessness.

A. which I think was B. which I think it was

C. I think which was D. I think which it was

22. The human are destroying nature day by day, ______ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.

A. who B. when C. on which D. which

23. This is the largest clock in the world, ____ the minute hand is six metres long.

A. that B. of which C. which D. whose

24. My glasses, _____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.

A. which B. with which C. without which D. that

25. The buses, _____ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.

A. most of that B. which most C. most of which D. that most

26. There are two rooms on the first floor, ______ is used as a guest room.

A. a smaller of which B. a smaller of them

C. the smaller of which D. the small of them

27. His factory produces half a million MP4 every year, 80% ____ are sold abroad.

A. of which B. of whose C. of them D. of that

28. You may call on me from one to five o’clock, during _____ I am always at home.

A. the time B. what time C. that time D. which time

29. The fence in our garden, _____ my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time.

A. that B. which C. what D. where

30. His sister had become a teacher, ______ was what he wanted to be.

A. who B. what C. that D. which

31. The Second World War _____ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.

A. when B. during that C. in which D. which

32. There are moments in life ______ you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them up from dreams and hug them for real.

A. where B. how C. why D. when

33. I gave him a warning, _____ he turned a deaf ear.

A. of which B. for which C. to that D. to which

34. Mr. Crossett will never forget the day _____ he spent with his various students.

A. when B. which C. during which D. on which

35. ---- Did you remember the days ____ we worked on the farm?

---- Certainly. Especially the hard times ____ we spent together.

A. which; when B. when; which C. when; when D. which; which

36. A basketball weighs more after air is put in, ____ proves that air has weight.

A. as B. it C. that D. which

37. A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses, ______ has happened in Iraq and other countries.

A. what B. as C. which D. one

38. _____ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.

A. Which B. As C. That D. It

39. It’s known to us ______ there is pollution, there is harm.

A. that B. where C. what D. that where

40. He must be from Africa, _____ can be seen from his skin.

A. that B. as C. it D. what

41. _____, the compass was first made in China.

A. It is know to all B. It is known that

C. We all know D. As is known to all

42. ____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. it B. As C. That D. What

43. I have bought the same dress _____ she is wearing.

A. as B. that C. which D. than

44. If Ken comes late, ____ is usual for another time, we’ll not receive him any more.

A. which B. that C. it D. as

45. “I’d like to give my thanks to those ____ help my son will be able to survive his terrible disease,” said the woman on TV.

A. who B. that C. with whose D. with their

46. She is one of the few girls who _____ passed the examination.

A. was B. were C. has D. have

47. A football fan is _____ has a strong interest in football.

A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what

48. I, ____ your friend, will try my best to help you out.

A. which are B. which is C. who is D. who am

49. On my way home in the street I saw a lady ___ I thought was your aunt.

A. who B. whom C. which D. whose

50. A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan.

A. who B. who’s C. whose D. which

51. He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies.

A. whom B. who C. when D. because

52. I will hire the man _____ they say is a good English speaker.

A. who B. that C. which D. whom

53. He has two sons, _____ work as chemists.

A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom

54. The car ran into a crowd of middle school students, ____ to hospital immediately.

A. two of whom sent B. two of them sent

C. two of whom are sent D. two of them sending

55. He is a man of great experience, _____ much can be learned.

A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom

56. The CCTV Tower, _____ base is an electrical equipment shop, is frequently visited by many travelers.

A. which B. whose C. its D. that

57. He is such a lazy man ______ nobody wants to work with ______.

A. as; his B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him

58. The hotel _____ during our holidays stands by the seaside.

A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed

59. Is this museum _____ some German friends visited last Wednesday?

A. that B. where C. in which D. the one

60. Is this the museum _____ you visited the other day?

A. that B. where C. in which D. the one

61. The matter _____ you were arguing about last night has been settled.

A. that B. what C. why D. for which

62. Will you please show me the way to the only tall building _______ stands near the post office?

A. / B. in which C. that D. where

63. Both the girl and her dog ____ were crossing the street were hit by a coming car.

A. which B. who C. they D. that

64. Is this just the city ____ the foreign guests wish to pay a visit _____.

A. which, to B. to which, / C. that, to D. to that, /

65. It’s one of the most interesting stories _____ I have _____ read

A. which, never B. that, ever C. that, never D. which, ever

66. I remember that ____ took part in the ball party had a wonderful time.

A. all B. all that C. all which D. all what

67. I’ll tell you _____ he told me last night.

A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all

68. He was so angry at all _____ he was doing ____ he walked out.

A. what; what B. that; that C. that; what D. what; what

69. “We’ll make public schools ______ can be”, said the President in the speech.

A. all they B. what it C. that they D. all it

70. All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.

A. that B. those C. which D. what

71. They asked him to tell them everything _____ he saw at the front.

A. what B. that C. which D. where

72. Which sentence is wrong?

A. The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.

B. Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform?

C. Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land.

D. People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.

73. This is just the place _____ I am longing to visit these years.

A. that B. where C. in which D. to where

74. Is that the reason _____ you are in favor of the proposal?

A. which B. what C. why D. for that

75. I’ve got to make ____ he told a lie.

A. that clear B. it clear that C. quite clear D. this clear that

76. There are many things in different areas ____ we can do to reduce the possible dangers of AIDS.

A. where B. there C. what D. that

77. The reason why she couldn’t come to the meeting was_____ she had not been invited.

A. because B. which C. that D. why

78. America was______ was first called “India” by Columbus.

A. what B. Where C. the place D. there where

79. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just _______ worries the public.

A. what B. that C. which D. where

80. What the doctor really doubts is _____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.

A. when B. how C. whether D. why

81. Go and get your coat. It’s ______ you left it.

A. there B. where C. there where D. where there

82. Water will continue to be_____ it is today---next to oxygen in importance.

A. how B. which C. as D. that

83. Air is to us ______water is to fish.

A. that B. what C. where D. how

84. ---Do you know _____Mr. Black’s address is?

---He may live at No.18 or No.19 of Bridge Street. I’m not sure of ______.

A. what; which B. Where; which C. where; what D. what; where

85. --- I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply.

--- Oh, that was probably ____ I was seeing the doctor.

A. when B. why C. what D. that

86. The mountain is no longer ____ it used to be.

A. which B. that C. what D. as

87. The difficulty we now meet with is _____ we can persuade him to tell us the truth.

A. whether B. that C. what D. how

88. ---Have you found Jack?

---Yes, he is _____ you told me to go.

A. where B. which C. what D. when

89. Being a good listener is a kind of quality and that’s ____ it takes to keep friendship.

A. how B. what C. which D. where

90. Have you thought about ____ to give her as a present?

A. what B. who C. which D. where

91. I used to work in a nursery before so I know ____ to expect in this new job.

A. what B. how C. why D. whatever

92. Many of the creatures in Rowling’s world are not real, and much of ______ happens is strange.

A. which B. that C. what D. it

93. Native American from the southeastern part of ______ is now the United States believed that the universe in which they lived was made up of three worlds.

A. that B. which C. where D. what

94. --- How do you like the book?

--- It’s quite different from _____ I read last month.

A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what

95. ---- Can you see the Jinsha Museum from ____ you are standing?

---- Yes, and it’s really well designed.

A. where B. which C. the place D. here

96. You can’t imagine ______when they received these nice Christmas presents.

A. how they were excited B. how excited they were

C. how excited were they D. they were how excited

97. First you must tell me______.

A. what is the size of the room B. how big the size the room is

C. How big the room is D. What size room is it

98. ---Would you like to have a swim with us in the sea?

---I will ask my parents_______.

A. whether they will agree to go B. if they let me go

C. if they will let me go D. whether they allow me to go

99. Remember ______ this used to be a quiet village.

A. when B. how C. where D. what

100. At least the soldiers reached ______ the locals called the Golden Triangle.

A. that B. where C. when D. what

101. He was lucky enough to sell his car for exactly ______.

A. where he had paid for it B. what he had paid for it

C. what he was paid for it D. which he had paid for it

102. ---Do you mind if Jim will come to help?

---I really don’t know ______ a person like him can help me with.

A. what B. that C. how D. if

103. We don’t know ______.

A. this is whose dictionary B. whose dictionary is this

C. whose dictionary this is D. whose is this dictionary

104. Each blind man believed ____ he knew just ____ the elephant looked like.

A. that; what B. what; that C. that; that D. what; what

105. It is said that the famous football star is willing to play for _______ would pay him three million dollars a year.

A. anyone B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever

106. They decided to turn to _____ can help him out of difficulty.

A. whose B. who C. whoever D. those

107. The chief manager has decided to put ______ he thinks is energetic, clever, and has good qualities in the position of the leader ship of the company.

A. those who B. anyone C. whomever D. whoever

108. ---_____ can I do with such a situation?

---Take _____ measure you consider best.

A. How; whichever B. What; whatever C. How; whatever D. What; whichever

109. ---Can I sit in the front row?

---Yes. You can take _____ seat you like.

A. whatever B. what C. whichever D. which

110. It’s the third time _____ late this month.

A. that you arrived B. when you arrived

C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived

111. I really hate ____ if all of you refuse to accept his invitation.

A. that B. this C. it D. which

112. He insisted that what he did______ completely right.

A. was B. be C. should be D. had been

113. My father has made me _____ I am.

A. who B. which C. what D. that

114._____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where

115.______his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.

A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if

116._____gone is gone. _____ no use talking about it any more.

A. That’s; It’s B. What’s; It’s C. It’s; That’s D. That’s; That’s

117.______ is known to us all is that the earth is smaller than the sun.

A. What B. As C. Which D. It

118. In some countries, ______ are called “public schools” are not owned by the state.

A. that B. which C. as D. what

119. ______ is Britain now used to be three different countries and over many years the three countries became one.

A. It B. Where C. What D. As

120. In some countries, ____ is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people.

A. which B. that C. what D. one

121. _____ she said suggested that she hadn’t decided _____ to go or not.

A. What; if B. That; whether C. What; whether D. What; whichever

122.______do you think is the best doctor in the hospital?

A. Whom B. What C. Who D. Whose

123. _______ beat Xiao Wang black and blue is not known.

A. Whom B. Whoever C. Who D. What

124. ______ would like to devote his whole life to his country should go _____ there are all kinds of difficulties.

A. Who; somewhere B. Whoever; where C. Whatever; anywhere D. Who; there

125._____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.

A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever

126. ---Who cooks supper at your home? Your mother?

---Oh! ____ gets home first is to cook supper.

A. Who B. Whom C. Those who D. Whoever

127.______you don’t like him is none of my business.

A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether

128. ________ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.

A. What B. That C. This D. Which

129. _______ she was sick, I was expected to take her place greatly surprised me, for I didn’t have much work experience.

A. That if B. That C. If that D. If

130. ___ the boy didn’t take the medicine made his mother very angry.

A. That B. What C. How D. Which

131. ---I saw your neighbor break your window with a stone.

---___ it made me really mad.

A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break

132. ____ we go swimming every day _____ us a lot of good.

A. If, do B. That, do C. Whether, does D. That , does

133._______ get such a book?

A. Where do you think can I B. Do you think where can I

C. Do you think where I can D. Where do you think I can

134. ____ is not known yet.

A. What time she has gone B. Where she has gone

C. How did she leave D. Why did she go

135. It is doubtful _____ he knows it or not.

A. whether B. what C. when D. that

136. It is said ________ was how the Chinese first raised silk worms.

A. that, what B. that, which C. that who D. that that

137. It is suggested that no one ______ to work in areas hit by SARS.

A. be sent B. is sent C. will be sent D. sends

138. It makes good sense ____ people are growing more crops so that fewer people will die from starvation.

A. that B. what C. whether D. which

139. It is not yet clear _______ of those will be chosen to do the job.

A. that B. whom C. whoever D. which

140. ---- I don’t think ____ was reported in yesterday’s newspaper is true.

---- Neither do I.

A. what B. that C. anything D. everything

141. There is a feeling in her ____ she’ll be chosen to attend the conference on behalf of her company.

A. which B. of which C. what D. that

142. Have you heard the news ____ the Chinese athletes won 165 gold medals at the 15th Asian Games?

A. whether B. what C. which D. that

143. The rumor ____ French president Nicolas Sarkozy and his wife ended their marriage turned out to be true.

A. which B. who C. what D. that

144. I have no doubt ______ he will finish the task in time.

A. whether B. that C. if D. what

145. He made a promise ______ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.

A. that B. if C. what D. that if

146. One of the men held the view ______ the book said was right.

A. that what B. what that C. that D. whether

147. The question came up at the meeting _____ we had not enough money to do the research.

A. whether B. that C. if D. what

148. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ______ road conditions need to be improved.

A. that B. which C. where D. when

149. Word came ____his poem won the first prize.

A. that B. whether C. as D. because

150. They have no idea at all ____.

A. where he has gone B. where did he go

C. which place had he gone D. where has he gone

151. His suggestion ____ to see the exhibition interested every one of us.

A. that we go B. which we should go

C. that we would go D. when we should go

152. He made a suggestion that we ____ early.

A. started B. should be started C. start D. would start

153. Although he knew little about the work done in the field of physics, he succeeded ______other experienced experts failed.

A. which B. that C. what D. where

154. Father made a promise _______ I passed the examination he would buy me a bicycle.

A. that B. if C. whether D. that if

155. He is not _____ a fool _____.

A. such ; as he is looked B. such ; as he looks

C. as ; as he is looked D. so ; as he looks

156. Although most of them have no doubt ____ he will pass the exam, I still think there is something about _____ he has really got everything ready.

A. whether; that B. that; whether C. that; that D. whether; whether

157. It was _____ he said _______ disappointed me most.

A. what, that B. that, that C. what, what D. that , what

158. ---I can’t find Mr. Smith. Where did you meet him this morning?

---It was in his office _____ he worked.

A. where B. which C. that D. the one

159. The reason ______ he raised for being late with the exercise was _____ he had to send his mother to school.

A. that; that B. why; because C. why; that D. that; because

160. That art centre is ______ used to be a factory, ______ millions of tractors were made.

A. what; where B. where; where C. what; which D. where; which

161. Was it in the beautiful park ___ was located by the sea ____ we first met our new Chinese teacher?

A. where; which B. which; which C. that; that D. which; where

162. Was it through Betty, ____ was working at a high school, ____ you get to know Tonny?

A. who; who B. who; that C. that; which D. who; which

163. ____ worried the doctors most was ____they could find the cause of the disease.

A. What; how B. That; that C. What; what D. How; what

164. Dr. Richards told me ____ the test results showed ____ I was suffering from a serious disease ____ I can’t imagine.

A. what; that; that B. that; which; what C. that; that; that D. which; what; that

165. ____ is it ____ Hawking does not like about his speech computer?

A. What; which B. What; what C. What; that D. That; that

166. ---- Have you got used to the college life here?

---- Yes, but I don’t like ____ when we have to do exercises on cold winter morning.

A. that B. it C. those D. this

167. ---- What do you think of the book Harry Potter?

---- Harry Potter is a world of magic and wonders, ____ anything can happen.

A. that which B. the one where C. one which D. one where

168. ---- How unhappy your roommate looks!

---- Yes, but he’s not willing to tell me what it is ____ is troubling him.

A. what B. which C. as D. that

169. The news ____ is spreading around the airport is ____ a big snowstorm will come attacking.

A. which; which B. /; that C. that; which D. that; that

170. Mr. Frank asked me a question ____ I could go with him to ____ he called the Treasure House the next week.

A. that; which B. whether; that C. whether; what D. that; where

171. For many seniors in some universities, the final year can be an unpleasant experience, ____ that ends the campus romance.

A. which B. the one C. what D. one

172. Of one thing I am concerned ____ hard work contributes to good results.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

173. Today the view ____ education should be about more than scores is widely held by both teachers and students.

A. how B. what C. that D. why

174. Many standardized tests in our life turned out to be simple, ____ beyond expectations.

A. which was B. they are C. which were D. it is

175. ---- On the contrary, I think it is the mother, rather than her children, ____ to blame.

---- I agree with you.

A. what is B. that is C. who are D. that are

176. ---- How is the case/

---- A hair and some drops of blood were found, in the light of ___ the murderer will soon be found out.

A. that B. which C. what D. when

177. ---- I told him to take ____ he considered helpful to him and his family from everything ____ I was having then.

---- You were really kind to him.

A. what; what B. what; whichever C. whatever; that D. whichever; that

178. If the project should be delayed for a day, ___ would mean we would be fined $ 100,000.

A. that B. as C. which D. and it

179. When I try to understand ____ it is that prevents so man Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me ____ there are quite a few causes.

A. why; that B. which; as C. what; that D. whether; since

180. Though there are few Chinese ____ have heard of the Great Wall, many of them haven’t been there yet.

A. as B. who C. but D. that

181. He, as a member of the Communist Party, always thinks of ____ he can do more for the people.

A. what B. if C. why D. how

182. Jane’s father has bought her a nice sports car, ____ we all know it.

A. as B. which C. that D. and

183. At present teenagers prefer going to the net bar, ____ as is known to some of them, they can chat with their friends or play games, ____ some more reading.

A. which; rather than do B. which; doing C. where; to doing D. where; to do

184. The task required ____ did it ____ careful and brave enough.

A. who; is B. whom; was C. whomever; were D. whoever, be

185. As we know, every minute ____ full use of ____ our lessons will do good to our students.

A. which makes; studying B. when made; to study

C. that is made; study D. that is made; studying

186. Never should we forget about the war in Iraq and the sufferings ____ caused to the people there.

A. it B. which C. that D. what

187. A similar trick is used in so-called “bait-and-switch” ads, ____ is the customer is shown one product (the bait) and then given another.

A. it B. that C. which D. what

188. Perhaps that is the only point ___ I completely agree.

A. that B. which C. with which D. where

定语从句、名词性从句

高考题汇编

1-5 BCCDD 6-10 DABBD 11-15 ADCAD 16-20ADCBB 21-25 ADCAD

26-30 DBDAA 31-35 BCCAB 36-40 CDADA 41-45 ACBCD 46-50 DDBDB

51-55 DDBCA 56-60 CBDDB 61-65 BBDDC 66-70 DAADC 71-75BBCAC

76-80 CCCCC 81-85 CCACA 86-90 BCAAC 91-95 ABBBC 96-100 ACADD

101-105 CCDAA 106-110 ABDBD 111-115 BCDBB 116-120 BBBBA

121-125 AABDA 126-130 AABAD 131-135 CABDD 136-138 DDB

定语从句、名词性从句

强化训练

1-5 DBDCD 6-10 BCADA 11-15 DBDDB 16-20 CDDAA 21-25 ADBCC

26-30 CADBD 31-35 CDDBB 36-40 DBBDB 41-45 DBADC 46-50 DCDAC

51-55 BABCD 56-60 BCADA 61-65 ACDCB 66-70 BDBAA 71-75 BAACB

76-80 DCAAC 81-85 BCBAA 86-90 CDABA 91-95 ACDCA 96-100 BCCAD

101-105 BACAD 106-110 CDBCC 111-115 CACBB 116-120 BADCC

121-125 CCCBD 126-130 DCBAA 131-135 ADDBA 136-140 DAADA

141-145 DDDBD 146-150 ABAAA 151-155 ACDDB 156-160 BAAAA

161-165 CBACC 166-170 BDDDC 171-175 DDCAB 176-180 BCACC

181-185 DDCDB 186-188 ABD

定语从句、名词性从句

高考题汇编

1-5 BCCDD 6-10 DABBD 11-15 ADCAD 16-20ADCBB 21-25 ADCAD

26-30 DBDAA 31-35 BCCAB 36-40 CDADA 41-45 ACBCD 46-50 DDBDB

51-55 DDBCA 56-60 CBDDB 61-65 BBDDC 66-70 DAADC 71-75BBCAC

76-80 CCCCC 81-85 CCACA 86-90 BCAAC 91-95 ABBBC 96-100 ACADD

101-105 CCDAA 106-110 ABDBD 111-115 BCDBB 116-120 BBBBA

121-125 AABDA 126-130 AABAD 131-135 CABDD 136-138 DDB

定语从句、名词性从句

强化训练

1-5 DBDCD 6-10 BCADA 11-15 DBDDB 16-20 CDDAA 21-25 ADBCC

26-30 CADBD 31-35 CDDBB 36-40 DBBDB 41-45 DBADC 46-50 DCDAC

51-55 BABCD 56-60 BCADA 61-65 ACDCB 66-70 BDBAA 71-75 BAACB

76-80 DCAAC 81-85 BCBAA 86-90 CDABA 91-95 ACDCA 96-100 BCCAD

101-105 BACAD 106-110 CDBCC 111-115 CACBB 116-120 BADCC

121-125 CCCBD 126-130 DCBAA 131-135 ADDBA 136-140 DAADA

141-145 DDDBD 146-150 ABAAA 151-155 ACDDB 156-160 BAAAA

161-165 CBACC 166-170 BDDDC 171-175 DDCAB 176-180 BCACC

181-185 DDCDB 186-188 ABD

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇8：高考英语陷阱题总结--名词性从句 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

高考英语陷阱题总结归纳--名词性从句

◆典型陷阱题分析◆

1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _______ he said meant.

A. that B. what

C. that that D. what what

【陷阱】可能误选B.许多同学一看选项首先就排除了C和D，认为这样两个“引导词”叠用的情况不太可能。在A和B两个选项中，选项A肯定不行，因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分，所以便选择了B.

【分析】正确答案选 D.第一个what 用作动词 meant 的宾语，第二个what 用作动词 said 的宾语，即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中，none of us understood 为主句，what what he said meant 为宾语从句，而在此宾语从句中又包括有 what he said 这样一个主语从句。

2. After _______ had happened he could not continue to work there.

A. which B. how

C. what D. having

【陷阱】可能误选A.

【分析】最佳答案选 C.有的同学误选A，是因为认为介词后应接关系代词 which，但实际上，若填关系代词，其前没有先行词，这根据不是一个定语从句。另外，由于 had happened 缺主语，所以B和D也不能选。请再做下面一题（答案选B）：

He pointed to ______ looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.”

A. that B. what

C. which D. as

3.“Is ______ you want to say？” asked the teacher.

A. this B. that

C. all that D. that all

【陷阱】根据中文字面意思误选A或B.

【分析】最佳答案选 D.假若选A或B，那么转换成陈述句即为：This is you want to say. / That is you want to say. 显然句中的两个谓语动词 is与want相冲突。选D组成的句子是 Is that all you want to say？ 其中的that 为句子主语，all 为表语，you want to say 为定语从句，用以修饰all.

4. “When ______ leave for Japan？” “When ______ leave for Japan is kept secret.”

A. they will, will they B. will they, they will

C. they will, they will D. will they, will they

【陷阱】可能误选D，认为 when 后应用疑问句词序。

【分析】最佳答案选 B.第一个when引出的是一个特殊疑问句，故用疑问词序；第二个 when 引出的是主语从句，故其后用陈述句词序。请做以下试题（答案选C）：

（1） None knows if _______ that boy, but if _______ him, her parents will be disappointed.

A. she will marry, she will marry B. she marries, she marries

C. she will marry, she marries D. she marries, she will marry

（2） “Where _______ go to work？” “Where _______ go to work is not known.”

A. we shall, we shall B. shall we, shall we

C. shall we, we shall D. we shall, shall we

5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ______.

A. who is he B. who he is

C. who is it D. who it is

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】此题最佳答案为D.首先可以排除A和C，因为空格处实为一个宾语从句，所以不能用疑问句词序。另一方面，但按英语习惯，当用于指代身份不明的人时，要用代词it，而不用 he 或she等。比较以下两句：

Mr Smith is at the door. He wants to see you. 史密斯先生在门口，他想见你。

Someone is at the door. It may be the postman. 有个人在门口，可能是邮递员。

第一句因前面指明了是 Mr Smith，所以后面用代词 he；而第二句因前面用的是不定代词 someone，说明此人身份尚不明确，故其后用了代词 it 来指代。

6. Don’t you know, my dear friend, ______ it is your money not you that she loves？

A. who B. which

C. that D. what

【陷阱】此题容易误选 A或B：选 A 的同学认为这是指人的，故用who；选B的同学认为这是非限制性定语从句，两者都是误认为这是定语从句（注意没有先行词）。

【分析】其实答案应选C.that引导的是一个宾语从句，用作动词 know 的宾语，它只是被句中的插入语 my dear friend 隔开罢了。请做以下试题（答案均为C）：

（1） Everyone knows, perhaps except you, _______ your girl-friend is a cheat.

A. who B. which

C. that D. what

（2） I think, though I could be mistaken, ______ she liked me.

A. who B. which

C. that D. what

（3） He told me the news, believe it or not, ______ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.

A. that B. which

C. as D. because

前面两题 that 引导宾语从句，后面一题 that同位语从句（修饰the news）。

◆精编陷阱题训练◆

1. They lost their way in the forest, and _______ made matters worse was that night began to fall.

A. it B. which

C. that D. what

2. Patience is a kind of quality - and that is ___A___ it takes to do anything well.

A. what B. which

C. which D. how

3. It has come to my notice _______ some of you have missed classes.

A. what B. which

C. that D. when

4. “What were you trying to prove to the police？” “___ I was last night.”

A. That B. When

C. Where D. What

5. Country life gives him peace and quiet, which is ______ he can’t enjoy while living in big cities.

A. that B. why

C. where D. what

6. It is pretty well understood _______ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.

A. that B. when

C. what D. how

7. _______ she couldn’t understand was ______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.

A. What; why B. That; what

C. What; because D. Why; that

8. _______ we are doing has never been done before.

A. That B. What

C. Which D. Whether

9. People have heard _______ the President has said; they are waiting to see _______ he will do.

A. how, how B. what, what

C. when, how D. that, what

10. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule： Always give the monkey exactly _______ he wants.

A. what B. which

C. when D. that

11. These wild flowers are so special I would do _______ I can to save them.

A. whatever B. that

C. which D. whichever

12. _______ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.

A. What B. That

C. When D. Because

13. Eat ______ cake you like and leave the others for ______ comes in late.

A. any, whoB. every, whoever

C. whichever, whoeverD. either, whoever

14. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _______ I got wet through.

A. It’s the reasonB. That’s why

C. There’s whyD. That’s because

15. ____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.

A. WhoB. The one

C. Anyone D. Whoever

16. _______ medicine works in a human body is a question _______ not everyone can understand fully.

A. How; thatB. That; which

C. That; whichD. What; that

◆答案与解析◆

1. 选D.what made matters worse 是主语从句（注意其后有谓语动词was），相当于 the thing that made matters worse.

2. 选A.what 引导的是表语从句，相当于 the thing that it takes to do anything well.

3. 选C.that 引导的是一个主语从句，句首的it为形式主语。

4. 选 C.答句为省略句，其完整形式为 I was trying to prove to the police where I was last night，在此 where 引导的是一个宾语从句。类似地，下面选 C：

“_______ made her struggle to become an artist so hard？” “______ she was a woman.”

A. What, What B. That, That

C. What, That D. That, What

5. 选D.what 引导的是表语从句，what 在此相当于 the things that.

6. 选 C.句首的 it 是形式主语，空格处所填词用于引导主语从句。由于该主语从句中又缺主语，故排除A、B、D.（注意：不能选 A，因为 that 引导名词性从句时不能充当句子成分）

7. 选 A.第一空填 what，是因为该主语从句中的动词 understand 缺宾语；why 和 because 均可引导表语从句，其区别是： why 引导表语从句强调结果，because 引导表语从句强调原因。句中空格后文表明的是结果，故用 why.

8. B.what 在此引导主语从句且在从句作宾语，它相当于 the thing that.

9. B.两空均填 what，均用于引导宾语从句，因为两个宾语从句中的动词 said 和do 均缺宾语，而在各个选项中只有 what 可用作宾语。

10. 选 A.what 引导宾语从句。由于动词 wants 缺宾语，所以填 what.句意是：当你找工作面试回答问题时，请记住这条黄金定律：永远给予对方确实想要的东西。

11. 选 A.I can to save them 为 I can do to save them 之略，此句中的 do 缺宾语，故选 whatever.

12. 选 B.that 在此引导主语从句，无词义，也不充当句子成分。注意不要根据中文意思选 D，因为 because 不用于引导主语从句。

13. 选 C.两个空格处均为引导宾语从句的引导词，而四个选项中两者可引导宾语从句的只有 C.

14. 选 B.比较 That’s why… 与 That’s because…：前者用于强调结果，后者用于强调原因。如下面一题选 D：

I got wet all through. _______ I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.

A. It’s the reason B. That’s why

C. There’s why D. That’s because

15. 选 D.由 is worth praising 这一谓语可知前面是主语从句，排除不能引导从句的 B 项和 C 项；whoever 引导主语从句表示“任何……的人”，在此它相当于 anyone who.

16. 选 A.how 引导主语从句，that 引导同位语从句。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇9：时态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

时态

一、目标

本章要求学生掌握中学阶段常用的八种时态, 即：一般现在时, 一般过去时, 一般将来时, 现在进行时, 现在完成时, 过去完成时, 过去进行时, 过去将来时。

要求掌握时态的意义、各种时态的动词形式、与各种时态连用的时间状语以及一些时态的特殊意义。

二、重点及难点

八种时态的意义；现在完成时与一般过去时的区别；点性动词与线性动词；时态一致性。

三、方法

1．Do you know something about “tense”?

你知道“时态”是什么吗？

2．You are right. For example：

I'm working.我正在工作。

I worked yesterday.我昨天工作。

I will work.我将要工作。

How many tenses have you learned ?

你们学了几种时态？

3．Now let's have a discussion on every tense.

现在咱们分别讨论每个时态。

I think the present indefinite tense is the easiest tense of all． Do you know what it means ?

我想一般现在时是所有时态中最容易的, 你知道它的含义吗？

4．What's the form of the verb ?

谓语动词形式是什么样的？

5．Very good ! Do you know how to use “am, is, are”?

Here's a saying:

（I）我用 am（you）你用 are, is连着他、她、它。单数名词用is, 复数名词全用are。

Can you learn it by heart ?

你知道行为动词第三人称怎么变化吗？

6．Do you know what sound“s” or“es” makes ?

你知道“s”或“es”怎么发音吗？

你应当记住“清-清, 浊-浊, 元-浊”。现在我解释一下：

清-清 即：“s”或“es”之前的音素如 果是清辅音的话, “s”或“es”读作［K］（清）。

浊-浊 指“s”或“es”之前的音素如果是浊辅音的话, 则“s”或“es”读作［L］（浊）。

元-浊 如果“s”“es”之前是元音音素, 则它读作［L］（浊）。

你能想出几个例子吗？

7．一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态外, 常与什么副词连用呢？

8．一般现在时除表示经常性动作或状态外, 还有其他用法。它能表示将来时, 但它是有条件的, 这个条件有两种情况：A．是在条件状语从句中, 如果主句是一般将来时或一般现在时。B．是表示计划、打算、有规律动作。你能想出几个例子吗？

9．I think you have known something about the present indefinite tense. But I have one more point to tell you.

That is：Sometimes the present indefinite tense is used in the object clause when the past indefinte tense is used in the main sentence, Can you show me an example？

10．So much for the present indefinite tense. Let's come to the present continuous tense. Do you know the form of the verb when it is used as the present continuous tense？

11．You are right. Then what kind of adverbial is used？

那么用什么状语呢？

12．现在进行时有一个特殊的意义, 它可以表示将来发生的动作。但是这些动词必须是表示位置移动的单词。例如：go, come, start, leave 等。 Would you please give me two sentences？

13．Very good. Now shall we talk about the future indefinite tense？This kind of tense refers to an action that is going to happen in the future. Would you please say more？

14．一般将来时除去will do结构外, 还有其他结构, 也可表示将来时, 但注意这些结构有其他意义在里边。如： be going to do…表示动作将要发生, 表示主观打算。

be to do表示安排、计划好的动作, 表示命令、可能等意义。

be about to do…表示眼下即将发生……

Can you make some sentences？

15．The past indefinite tense expresses an action happened in the past. It's usually used with the adverbials such as yesterday, last month（ year, week）, the day before yesterday, … ago, in 1968 etc.它的谓语动词形式是什么样的呢？

16．Now let's come to the present perfect tense. In this tense, the action also happened in the past, but the action has something to do with“now”.

现在完成时动作发生在过去, 但它对现在有影响。谓语动词的形式为have done, done代表过去分词。have还有一种变化, 即has。has用于第三人称单数, 其他人称用have, 请你给出几个现在完成时的句子。

17．请你根据刚才的句子, 归纳一下现在完成时有几种含义？

18．现在完成时的这两种含义非常重要, 要认真领会。这里引出了两个概念：延续性动词与非延续性动词。即：点性动词与线性动词。所谓点性动词就是不能延续的动词；线性动词就是可以延续的动词。延续性动词用于现在完成时的第二种用法, 点性动词用于第一种用法。

19．点点结合, 线线结合是完成时中一个重要原则, 这个问题往往是学生容易出错的地方。请把下列句子的错误改正过来：

A．He has come for 3 hours.

B．The girl has waited since two years.

C．The old man has died for ten years.

D．I have bought the book for two months.

20．那么，在英语中，同一种意思，既有点性动词，又有线性动词的实例很多。Now would you please show the continuous verbs of the following ?

A．join the army

B．join the Party

C．come back

D．borrow a book

E．buy a book

F． leave

G．go out

H．die

I．open

J．begin

K． arrive

21．在完成时的句子中, 同一种意思可以有几种英语表达方法。如：

我入团已经5年了。有以下几种表达方式：

A．I have been a League member for 5 years.

B．It's five years since I joined the League.

I joined the League 5 years ago.

I have been a League member since 5 years ago.

Now I give you some sentences and please try to express the same meaning in other ways.

A．He has been here for 2 hours.

B．They've been away since 1960.

C．The film has been on for one hour.

22．Now let's do some other exercises. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of verbs.

A．I ____ （lose）my pen.

She ____ （ lose） her pen yesterday.

B．I ____ （be）to the Agricultural Exhibition.

I ____ （go） to the Agricultural Exhibition last week.

C．The car ____ （stop）.

The car ____ （stop） just now.

D．A： ____ you ____ your lunch ?

B：Yes, I ____ .

A：When ____ you ____ it ?

B：I ____ it about half an hour ago.

23．Now let me say something about “have been to” and“have gone to”.

have been to 意思是“去过”。

have gone to 意思是“去了”。

请翻译下列各句：

A．我去海南四次了。

B．他已经去南方了。

C．你去过东京吗？

D．小李已经去办公室了。

你可以去那儿找他。

E．你去哪儿了？

F．他去哪儿了？

24．通过练习，对现在完成时和过去时有了足够的认识, 你能说出它们的异同点吗？

25．Very good !Here's a drawing to show the difference between the present perfect tense and the past indefinite tense.

e．g．He was a student in the past.

e．g． He has been a student for 2 years.

26．现在来谈谈对比时态问题。所谓对比时态是指两个动作同时存在, 但有时间前后。这样的时态有过去将来时、过去完成时。

27．过去完成时也可跟另一个时间进行对比, 含义仍然是到过去某个时间为止, 如它与 by the end of…, by the time when…

例如：

A．They had completed the program by the end of the last year.

B．The train had left by the time when we arrived at the station.

28．You are right. The present continuous tense expresses an action happening at a present moment or during a present period of time, while the past continuous tense refers to the past.

e．g．My daughter was reviewing her lessons at eight last night.

What were you doing while I was watching TV ?

Students

1．I think“tense” is a certain form of a verb. It changes according to the time of the action.

我想“时态”是动词的某种形式, 它随动作的时间而发生变化。

2．We have learned eight tenses. They are： the present indefinite tense, the past indefinite tense, the future indefinite tense, the present continuous tense, the present perfect tense, the past continuous tense, the past perfect tense and the future-in-the-past indefinite tense.

我们学习了：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和过去将来时。

3．一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态、过去、现在以及将来一直进行的动作或存在的状态。

4．一般现在时, 谓语动词要随主语人称而变化。be动词有三种变化形式, 即am, is, are；行为动词有两种变化形式, 即：原形和第三人称单数。

5．行为动词第三人称有以下几种变化形式：

A．动词后面直接加“s”, 如works, plays, learns。

B．以［K］［CM］, ［DN］,［M］,［L］ 结尾的单词, 词尾加“es”, 如果词尾有“e”, 则只加“s”, 如：misses, finishes, teaches, loses。

C．如词尾以辅音字母+y结尾, 应变y为“i”, 再加“es”, 如： flies, carries。

D．特殊情况：go和do词尾加“es”。

6．啊！我明白了, 像 works, 由于 s之前是k, 读作［E］, 是清辅音, 所以s读作［K］；又如：learns s之前是浊辅音［Q］, 所以它读作浊辅音［L］； plays s之前由于是ay字母组合, 读作元音音素［-!］, 所以s读作［L］这叫做“元-浊”。

7．与一般现在时连用的时间状语有：often, usually, sometimes, always, seldom, twice a week, every day…

8． A．If it is fine tomorrow, I will go out for a picnic.

（条件状语从句中一般现在时表示将来）

B．When they leave school, they will go back to the factory.（时间状语从句一般现在时表示将来）

C．The train starts at ten o'clock in the morning.

（计划, 有规律的动作表示将来）

9．Yes, I can. Here's a sentence.

The teacher said that the sun rises in the east. Here“rises”is the present indefinite tense. This tense is used because it happens regularly.

因为动作是有规律地发生。

10．The form of the verb is“be doing”, and“be”can be changeable.

For example：am, is, are. I think the present continuous tense expresses an action happening at present time or during present period of time.

For example：

He is reading a book now.

We are learning BookⅡthis week.

11．现在进行时与 now, at the present, this year（week, month）等时间状语连用。

12．

A．He is coming to see me tomorrow.

明天他要来看我。

B．They are leaving Shanghai for Beijing.他们要离开上海去北京。

13．OK ! The future indefinite tense is connected with the future time, such as, tomorrow, next week（year, month）, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in a month （year） etc.

它的动词结构是will do 有时第一人称单复数用shall do。

14．Yes, I can.

A．We are going to help the farmers on the Red Star Farm.

我们打算去红星农场帮助农民们。

B．The boys are to go to school next week.

这些男孩们下周要上学了。

C．We are about to leave, so there is no time to visit him now.

我们就要离开了, 所以现在没有时间去看他了。

15．一般过去时, 谓语动词的形式应该用过去时。即：原形动词后加ed, 还有一些特殊形式的动词。如：go----went, see----saw, do----did, read----read, give----gave, sit----sat。

我想特殊动词要特殊记忆。

16．我清楚了, 现在完成时谓语动词形式have done, 可以这样理解：have是“变量”；done是“常量”。

A．We have cleaned the room now.

我们现在已经打扫了房间。

B．He has cleaned the room now.

他现在已经打扫了房间。

C．They have been here for 3 hours.

他们在这儿呆了3个小时了。

D．The professor has worked in this university since 1969．

教授自从1969年就在这所大学里工作。

17．我想有两种含义：

一种是动作发生在过去, 动作不延续, 但对现在有结果和影响。如句子A、B表示打扫房间的动作发生在过去, 但强调的是现在房间已经干净了。

另一种是动作从过去开始一直延续到现在, 对现在有结果和影响, 如句子C、D。

18．点性动词应当与点性时间状语连用, 线性动词与线性时间状语连用。点性时间状语有：now, today, already, just, before, never, ever, always, yet等, 线性时间状语有for…, since…等。

19．A句中应当把come改为 been here, come为点性动词, for为线性时间状语。

B句有两种改法，一是将since改为for, 意思是“已经等了两年了”。另一种是在two years之后加ago, 意思是“自从两年前就开始等, 一直等到现在。”

C句将 died改为 been dead, 因为 for ten years是线性时间状语, die为点性动词, 不能延续, 而 be dead是线性动词, 可与 for短语连用。

D．将 bought改为 kept或 had。 buy为点性动词, have（keep）为线性动词。

20．Let me have a try．

join the army----serve in the army

join the Party----be a Party member

come back----be back

borrow a book----keep a book

buy a book----have a book

leave----be away

go out----be out

die----be dead

open----be open

begin----be on

arrive----be here

A．He has been here since two hours ago.

It's two hours since he came.

He came here two hours ago.

B．They went away in 1960.

They have been away for 40 years.

It's 40 years since they went away.

C．The film began an hour ago.

It's one hour since the film began.

The film has been on since one hour ago.

21．A．He has been here since two hours ago.

It's two hours since he came.

He came here two hours ago.

B．They went away in 1960.

They have been away for 40 years.

It's 40 years since they went away.

C．The film began an hour ago.

It's one hour since the film began.

The film has been on since an hour ago.

22．

A．have lost； lost

B．have been； went

C．has stopped； stopped

D．Have… had

have

did… have

had

23．

A．I have been to Hainan four times.

B．He has gone to the South.

C．Have you ever been to Tokyo ?

D．Xiao Li has been to his office. You can find him there.

E．Where have you been ?

F． Where has he gone ?

24．在我看来，它们的相同之处是动作都发生在过去，它们的不同点是现在完成时的动作对现在有影响，而过去时对现在没有影响。

25．图A表示动作发生在过去，处于静止状态, 而图B表示动作发生在过去，但它指向现在，对现在有结果和影响，最后强调的是现在。

26．当主句动作发生在过去，从句动作发生在它之后，这时从句谓语用过去将来时。如：

I said that I would go to that island.

“said”在前，相对它来讲，would go在后。

可当一个动作发生在过去而另一个动作发生在它之前, 那么这个动作则要用过去完成时。如：

I said that I had finished the composition.

said发生在过去, had finished在它之前发生, 称之为过去的过去。

27．现在我明白啦！过去完成时和过去将来时只有在与另一个过去的动作进行对比的情况下才能存在。所以把这两种时态叫对比时态。

老师，我有一个问题，过去进行时是指过去某一时刻或过去某一段时间正在进行的动作吗？

四、精选题

选择填空：

1．----Can I join your club, Dad？ [ ]

----You can when you ____ a bit older.（'94）

A．get B．will get

C．are getting D．will have got

2．----I'm sorry to keep you waiting.（'94） [ ]

----Oh, not at all. I ____ here only a few minutes.

A．have been B．had been

C．was D．will be

3．I don't really work here；I ____ until the new secretary arrives.（'94） [ ]

A．just help out

B．have just helped out

C．am just helping out

D．will just help out

4．I need one more stamp before my collection ____ . [ ]

A．has completed

B．completes

C．has been completed

D．is completed

5．I first met Lisa three years ago．She ____ at a radio shop at the time.（'97） [ ]

A．has worked

B．was working

C．had been working

D．had worked

6．----Is this raincoat yours？ [ ]

----No, mine ____ there behind the door.（'97）

A．is hanging B．has hung

C．hangs D．hung

7．----Nancy is not coming tonight. [ ]

----But she ____ ！（'98）

A．has written B．wrote

C．had written D．was writing

8．Shirley ____ a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.（'98） [ ]

A．has written B．wrote

C．had written D．was writing

9．----Hi, Tracy, you look tired. [ ]

----I am tired. I ____ the living room all day.（'98）

A．painted

B．had painted

C．have been painting

D．have painted

10． The price ____ , but I doubt whether it will remain so.（'99） [ ]

A．went down

B．will go down

C．has gone down

D．was going down

11．----Bob has gone to California. I hear. [ ]

----Oh. I wonder when he ____ .（'96海淀）

A．has left B．leaves

C．left D．was leaving

12．----Have you got your test result ? [ ]

----Not yet. The papers ____ .（'96海淀）

A．are not correcting

B．have not corrected

C．are still being corrected

D．have already been corrected

13．----Why weren't you at the meeting ? [ ]

----I ____ for a long----distance call from my father in Australia.（'99西城）

A．waited B．was waiting

C．had waited D．have been waited

14．The telephone ____ four times in the last hour, and each time it ____ for my roommate.（'99西城） [ ]

A．has rung; was

B．has been ringing; is

C．had rung; was

D．rang; has been

15． Two million tons of oil ____ exploited in this area that year.（'99西城） [ ]

A．was B．has been

C．were D．have been

16．----What time ____ Tom tomorrow？ [ ]

----At 3：00 p．m．（'99西城）

A．do you meet

B．will you meet

C．would you meet

D．are you meeting

17． That was not a good place to go skating. You ____ your leg. [ ]

A．can break

B．could break

C．could have broken

D．could have been broken

18．---- ____ the sports meet might be put off. [ ]

----Yes, it all depends on the weather.

A．I've been told

B．I've told

C．I'm told

D．I told

19．----Your phone number again？ I ____ quite catch it. [ ]

----It's 9568442．

A．didn't B．couldn't

C．don't D．can't

20． As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ____ asleep. [ ]

A．read; was falling

B．was reading; fell

C．was reading; was falling

D．read; fell

21．I don't think Jim saw me; he ____ into space. [ ]

A．just stared

B．was just staring

C．has just stared

D．had just stared

22．----Who is Jerry Cooper？ [ ]

---- ____ ? I saw gou shaking hands with him at the meeting.

A．Don't you meet him yet

B．Hadn't you met him yet

C．Didn't you meet him yet

D．Haven't you met him yet

用所给动词的正确形式填空：

1． I'm afraid I can't get in all the wheat within such a short time unless you ____ to help me tomorrow.（come）

2． They left for Beijing last week and we ____ then so far.（not hear）

3．When we reached the airport, we were surprised to find that Uncle's plane ____ . （land）

4．I ____ he had finished his work.（think）

5．We ____ the problem for quite some time, but we any conclusion yet.（discuss, not reach）

6．He said this book would be published if the writer ____ .（agree）

7．John works very hard. In fact, I think he ____ right now.（study）

8．The little boy didn't see me, he ____ a golden fish in a basin.（watch）

9．I have to make a quick phone call. Can you wait a few moments ? It ____ long.（not take）

10．They ____ themselves on the beach when the train ____ .（enjoy, come）

答案：

选择填空：

1～5 AACDB 6～10 ABDCC 11～15 CCBAC

16～20 BBAAB 21～22 BD

用所给动词的正确形式填空：

1．come 主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时表示将来。

2．haven't heard so far与现在完成时连用。

3．had landed 在 reached之前发生, 故用过去完成时。

4．thought

5．have been discussing, haven't reached 讨论从过去开始一直到现在, 但是到目前仍没有结论。

6．agreed 主句是过去时, 从句动作受它影响。

7． is studying

8．was watching 没有看到我, 那时正观看金鱼。

9．won't take

10．were enjoying, came

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇10：It 句型 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

It 句型归纳

1． It is ＋adj．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．

用于此句型的形容词有：easy， hard， difficult，possible，

important， impossible， necessary， good， bad， exciting，

interesting， surprising等。如：

It is necessary to change your job．

It was very hard for them to walk such a long way in

the snow．

2． It is ＋n．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．

用于此句型的名词有： pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s

job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。如：

It is a pity for you to have missed such a wonderful

play．

It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats

for the old．

3． It is ＋adj．＋of sb．＋to do sth．

此句型中的形容词主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：

kind, nice, wise,

silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。如：

How silly it was of you to give up such a good

chance！

It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel

at home in their house．

4． It is ＋adj．（＋n．）＋doing sth．

此句型中的形容词和名词常见的有：no／little use, no／much good,

useless等。如：

It’s no use crying over spilt milk．

5．It takes sb．＋一段时间＋to do sth． 表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”。如：

It took us half an hour to ride to the town by the

sea．

6．It is ＋及物动词的过去分词＋that从句

此句型中常见的及物动词的过去分词有：said, told, known, reported,

recorded, thought, believed, considered等。如：

It is reported that the Russian President will visit

China next week．

7．It ＋不及物动词＋that从句

此句型中不及物动词常见的有：seem， happen， appear， matter等。如：

It seems that there will be a heavy snow tomorrow．

It happened that I met my good friends in the museum

yesterday．

8．强调句型：It is＋被强调部分＋that／who从句

在使用强调句型时要注意，指人时可以用who或that，其它情况一律用that。如：

It was under the bed that my brother hid the ball

this morning．

It is Mr Bell who／that often comes and looks after

the old man．

9．It is／has been＋一段时间＋since从句。如：

It is ／has been three years since we saw each other

last．

10．It is (high) time that sb． did sth．

该句型表示“某人现在该做某事了”，从句常用过去时（虚拟语气）

说明现在应该做的事情。如：

It’s six o’clock．It is high time that we went home

now．

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇11：省略 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

省略

省略在英语运用中，尤其是在交际对话中普遍存在，因为它可以避免重复，突出关键词语，能做到言简意赅，并使上下文紧密连接。在历年的高考题中也屡见不鲜。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，有的学者把某些替代也看作一种省略。那么--

一、词法上的省略

1. 名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情况可以省略

1）如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现，则可以省略。如：

These are John's books and those are Mary's (books). 这些是约翰的书，那些是玛丽的书。

2）名词所有格后修饰的名词如果是指商店、住宅等地点时，这些名词也常常省略。如：

at the doctor's 在诊所

at Mr. Green's 在格林先生家

to my uncle's 到我叔叔家

at the barber's 在理发店

2. 冠词的省略

1）为了避免重复

The lightning flashed and thunder crashed. 电闪雷鸣。（thunder前省略了定冠词the）

2）在the next day (morning, week, year...)等短语中，有时为了使语气紧凑定冠词the 常可以省略。如：We went to the farm to help the farmers with the harvest (the) next day. 第二天，我们去农场帮助农民收庄稼。

3）在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可以省略。如：

She sings best in the class. 她在班上唱歌唱得最好。

4）在某些独立主格结构中。如：

Our teacher came in, book in hand. (=Our teacher came in, with a book in his hand.)

我们的老师手里拿着一本书进来了。

5）在as引导的让步状语从句中，当作表语的单数名词提前时，不定冠词要省略。如：

Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他还是一个孩子，却懂得很多。

3. 介词的省略

1）both 后常跟of短语，其后可以接名词复数形式，也可以接代词宾格复数形式。接复数名词时，介词of可以省略，但接代词宾格时，of不能省略。如：

Both (of) the films were interesting. 这两部电影都很有趣。

She invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。

2）在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中，一段时间前的介词for可以省略。如：

These shoes are worn out. They have lasted (for) a long time.

这双鞋穿破了，已经穿了很长一段时间了。

3）被动结构中，如果没有必要强调动作的执行者，则可以省略介词by短语。如：

The letter was posted (by me) yesterday. 这封信是昨天寄出去的。

4）和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词，如：consider... (as)..., prevent / stop... (from)doing..., have trouble / difficulty... (in) doing...,spend... (in / on) doing... 等中的介词可以省略。如：

Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away. 树能阻止泥土被冲走。

Can you stop him (from) going swimming in the river? 你能阻止他下河洗澡吗？

I have some difficulty (in) answering the question. 回答这个问题我有点困难。

4. 动词不定式中的省略

1）有些动词，如：believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构

to be + n. / adj. 中的to be可以省略。如：

I consider him (to be) lazy. 我认为他懒。

His mother found him (to be) a clever boy.他母亲发觉他是一个很聪明的孩子。

2）感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等以及使役动词let, make, have后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，to必须保留。如：

They made the boy go to bed early.他们强迫这个男孩早睡。

The boy was made to go to bed early. 这个男孩被迫早睡。

注：help后作宾补的动词不定式中的to可以省略也可以保留。

3）在can not but, can not choose but, can not help but之后的动词不定式一般不带to； but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done 时，也不带to, 否则要带to。如：

We have nothing to do now but wait. 我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。

I can not but admire his courage. 我不能不钦佩他的勇敢。

He has no choice but to accept the fact. 除了接受这个事实他别无选择。

4）在并列结构中为了避免重复。如：

I'm really puzzled what to think or say. 我真不知道该怎么想，怎么说才好。

但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后一个to不能省略。如：

I came not to scold but to praise you. 我来不是责备你，而是赞美你。

5）在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。如：

Why talk so much about it? 为什么大谈这个事呢？

Why not try it again? 为什么不再试一试呢？

6）动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。如：They may go if they wish to(go). 如果他们想去，他们就可以去。

Don't go till I tell you to.直到我告诉你去，你才可以去。

在一些动词afford, agree, expect, forget, mean, pretend, remember, want, refuse, hope, wish, would like (love), try等后跟动词不定式作宾语，不定式中的to可以承前（后)省略。如:

-Will you go to the cinema with me? 你愿和我一起去看电影吗？

-Well, I'd like to (go with you). 我愿意。

I would do it for you, but I don't know how to (do it for you).

我想为你做这事，但我又不知如何做。

在某些形容词，如：afraid, glad, willing, happy, eager等后承前省略动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。如：-Will you join us in the game? 你愿和我们一起做这个游戏吗？

-Sure, I'll be glad to(join you in the game). 当然，我愿意。

有些动词，如：tell, ask, allow, expect, force, invite, permit, persuade, order, warn, wish, would like, forbid等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语、主语补足语时，不定式承前省略动词原形， 保留动词不定式符号to。如： He didn't come, though we had invited him to (come).

尽管我们邀请他来，他却没来。

注：承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be，则要保留be或have。如：

-Are you a teacher? 你是老师吗？ -No, but I used to be (a teacher). 不，我以前是。

二、句法中的省略

在一些简单句、并列句和复合句中，可以省略主语、谓语、宾语、表语等某一个句子成分，也可以省略多个句子成分。

1． 简单句中的省略

1）感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。如： What a hot day (it is)!多热的天啊！

How wonderful!多妙啊！

2） 在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。如：

-（Will you） Have a smoke? 你抽烟吗？ -No. Thanks. 不，谢谢了。

（Is there）Anything else to say?还有别的要说吗？

2． 并列句中的省略

1） 如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的那部分。如：

John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.

约翰一定在踢球，而玛丽一定在做作业。

2） 主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则二者都可以省略。如：

His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry.

他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽很生气。

3） 主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。如：

Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.

老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。

4）在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其它一些成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。如：

Jack will sing at the party, but I know John won't （sing at the party）.

杰克将在晚会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会在晚会上唱歌。

3． 复合句中的省略

1） 名词性从句中的省略

（1）作宾语的what从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同，则what从句可以省略谓语，甚至主语。如：Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who (has used it).

有人用了我的自行车，但我不知道是谁。

He has gone, but no one knows where (he has gone).

他走了，但没人知道他去哪儿了。

（2）有时候也可以根据说话的情景来省略主句中的一些成分。如：

（I'm） Sorry I've kept you waiting so long.对不起，让你久等了。

（3）在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词中的助动词should可以省略。如：It's important that we (should) speak to the old politely. 我们对老人说话要有礼貌，这很重要。

2） 定语从句中的省略

（1）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that, which, who (whom)常可以省略。如：

The man(who / whom) I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。

Where is the book (which) I bought this morning?今天上午我买的那本书在哪儿？

（2）关系副词when, where, why以及that在the time(day, morning, afternoon, evening, night, week, month, year等) when, the place(desk, table, room, spot, house, town, country, school等)where, the reason why, the way that结构中引导限制性定语从句时，在非正式场合下，可以省略关系副词when, where, why, that。如：

I shall never forget the day (when) we first met.

我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。

The reason (why) he came so early is his own affair. 他来这么早是他自己的事。

The way (that) you answered the questions was admirable. 你回答这些问题的方式令人钦佩。

3）状语从句中的省略

当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。

（1）在as, before, till, once, when, while等引导的时间状语从句中。如：

While（I was） waiting, I was reading some magazines. 我一边看杂志，一边等。

（2）在though, although,等引导的让步状语从句中。如：

Though (they were) tired, they went on working. 虽然他们累了，但他们仍继续工作。

（3）在if, unless(=if... not)等引导的条件状语从句中。如：

You shouldn't come to his party unless (you were) invited.

除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的宴会。

（4）在as, as if, as though引导的让步状语从句中。如：

He did as (he had been) told. 他按照被告知的那样去做了。

He paused as if (he was) expecting her to speak. 他停下来，好像是在期待她说话。

（5）在as(so)... as..., than引导的比较状语从句中。如：

I know you can do better than he (can do). 我知道你能比他做得更好。

This car doesn't run as fast as that one (does). 这辆小车不及那辆跑得快。

三、替代性省略

在一些交际用语中的某些动词，如：think, suppose, expect, believe，guess等后常常和so， not等连用，以替代上文出现的内容。如：

-Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? 你认为他会来参加这个会议吗？

-I suppose not. 我认为不会。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇12：表语 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

表语

一、教学目标

通过本章学习, 使学生明白表语的概念及表语的用法。

二、教学重点和难点

不定式、分词、动名词作表语及表语从句。

三、教学方法

1．在谓语一章中我们已分析过表语, 最常见的是 be动词及 become。

2．在使用中我们常见到不定式用在be动词后边作表语。由于不定式表明一个具体的动作, 当放在be动词后边时表示即将要去做的事。请将下列句子翻译成汉语并作分析：

3．

A．The news sounds inspiring.

B．His absence is disappointing.

C．We are interested in the story.

D．After a long walk, we all felt tired.

E．He has got married.

一般来说～ing形式作表语表示主语的特征, 具有影响别人的能力；～ed形式作表语表示受到影响而呈现的状态。

4．A句是动名词作表语, 表示主语job的内容。

B句是现在分词作表语, 表示主语result 的特征。

动名词与现在分词作表语的不同就是前者是表内容, 后者是表特征。

5．这是一个含有主语从句和表语从句的复合句, 在后边的章节中会作进一步阐述。

1．表语表明主语的身份、状态、样子、方位、处所, 除了be, become这两个系动词外, 还有一些本身既是行为动词又是系动词的词。

2．

A．I am to go to town.

我要进城。

B．My work is to clean the classroom.

我的工作是打扫教室。

3．A．这消息听起来挺鼓舞人心的。是现在分词作表语, 表示本身具有影响别人的特征。

B．他的缺席令人失望。与上句一样表示主动。

C．我们对这故事感兴趣。过去分词作表语, 表示故事有趣, 使得我们对它感兴趣, 因此用过去分词。

D．走了一大段路, 我们都感到累了。过去分词作表语, 是走路使得我们累, 我们才感到累。

E．他结婚了。表示一状态, 过去分词作表语。 get married是个词组。

4．同样都是～ing 形式作表语, 遇到这样的句子, 怎样解释？

A．My job is running the machine.

B．The result is exciting.

5．如何理解下面这个句子？

Why he hasn't come is that he has something important to do at home.

四、精选题

1．The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult. [ ]

A．not makeB．not to make

C．not making D．do not make

2．Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. [ ]

A．pay B．paying

C．paid D．to pay

3．Longjing tea, Jasmine tea and Wuyi tea are all famous, but which do you think ____ ? [ ]

A．tastes best B．smells most

C．drinks mostly D．sounds best

4．----Hello, Tom, where were you last night ?---- ____ . [ ]

A．To Brown's

B．To the Browns'

C．In Brown's

D．In the Browns'

5．Thank you very much indeed． That's ____ of you. [ ]

A．kindest B．most kind

C．the kinder D．the most kind

6．The meeting was put off, ____ was exactly ____ we wanted. [ ]

A．it；that B．as；that

C．which； what D．this ；what

7．His suit has become loose． He seems ____ weight. [ ]

A．to lose B．being lost

C．losing D．to have lost

8．----Did you enjoy yourself at the party？ [ ]

----Sorry to say I didn't． It was a meeting than a party.

A．more ofB．rather like

C．less of D．more or less

9．----Where is George？ He said he would meet me here at 3 O'clock. [ ]

----He seems ____ with Mr Brown in the office.

A．to talk

B．to be talking

C．to have talked

D．talking

10．They found there was ____ to weigh such an elephant. [ ]

A．big enough nothing

B．nothing enough big

C．enough nothing big

D．nothing big enough

答案：1～5 BCADB 6～10 CDABD

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇13：倒装(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

倒 装

(一)疑问句多数是倒装语序，但如果主语是疑问词或被疑问词修饰的，整个句子是自然语序，本身就是个正装句

A. Who invented the machine?

B. What impressed you most?

C. What has happened to Tom?

D. How many people took part in the demonstration?

E. Which team won the game?

(二)there be结构是倒装句，除be以外，live, happen, exist, lie, remain也都可以充当该结构的谓语

A. About 2, 300 years ago, there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle.

B. There happened to be nobody in the bedroom.

C. For there lay the Combs-the set of combs that Della had worshipped for many months in a shop window.

(三)only放在句首修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时要倒装，其他情况就不构成倒装式了。如果谓语动词是单个实意动词，倒装时加do的相应形式(即do, does, 或did)

A. Only in this way can you succeed.

B. Only yesterday did I hear of the accident.

C. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.

D. Only my parents know the secret. (不倒装)

(四)表示否定意义的词放在句首时要倒装

hardly, scarcely, never, not, not until, not only, seldom, little等。

A. Never shall I forget it.

B. Not a single mistake did he make.

C. Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.

D. Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.

E. Not until quite recently did I have any idea what a guided missile was like. 请注意下列这组句子。

A. She didn't change her mind until yesterday. (正装句)

B. Not until yesterday did she change her mind. (倒装句)

C. It was not until yesterday that she changed her mind. (强调句不倒装)

(五)把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人(或物)，只用于肯定句

A. He has been to Beijing, So have I.

B. They like English very much. So does John.

C. Society has changed and so have the people in it.

但如果后面的句子是对前面句子的内容加以确认的话，那么也把so放在句首，不过后面主谓不倒装。

A. There was clearly nothing left to do but drop herself onto the shabby couch and weep. So Della did.

B. I said I was going to visit him. So I did.

C. He studies hard. So he does.

(六)如果虚拟条件从句的谓语动词含有be动词，助动词或情态动词，可将if省略，而把be动词、情态动词或第一个助动词移到主语前，构成倒装句

If it had not been for their assistance, we couldn't have got over the difficulties. (正装句)

A.

Had it not been for their assistance, we couldn't have got over the difficulties. (倒装句)

If there should be a flood, what should we do?

B.

Should there be a flood, what should we do?(倒装句)

(七)在某些让步状语从句中用倒装结构

A. Proud as these nobles are, he is afraid to see me.

B. Small as it was, the army had great fighting capacity.

C. Child as he is, he knows a lot.

(八)某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒装结构

A. Long live the solidarity of the people of the world!

B. May you both be happy!

(九)为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时常常把表语或状语部分放在谓语动词前

A. On the ground lay an old sick goat.

B. There, on the shore, were nine savages, sitting round a fire.

C. From a speaker on the wall comes the doctor's voice: “Good morning. ”

D. Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms.

(十)宾语在多数情况下都紧跟在谓语后面，但当我们特别想强调宾语时，亦可放到主语前面，但句中的主谓不倒装

This they kept for themselves.

All this he fixed together with glue, string, wax and many wires.

(十一)so…that结构中的so置于句首时，需要倒装

A. So excited was he that he couldn't say a word.

B. So loudly did he speak that even people in the next house could hear him.

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇14：高三英语教学初探 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

高三英语教学初探

周至四中 张荣利

众所周知，高三这一学年里，英语教师既要完成高中英语第三册的教学，又要带领学生进行会考、高考的复习备考，再加上我们农村地区的学生英语基础差，要让学生在一年内成绩有较大的提高，可谓任务紧、压力大。那麽，如何更加有效的进行教学呢？

分析历年考题后，我们会发现，高考、会考在重视英语基础知识的同时，都突出以测试语言运用能力为主的原则，形成了以篇章阅读为主的试题布局。说到底，高三复习最终目的是提高英语语言运用的能力。因此我的做法是这样的：

一、新课教学与单元复习同步进行.--------以新带旧,复习总结

边进行高三的课文教学，边对高中的内容如语音、词汇、语法和惯用法等语言知识进行查缺补漏和系统化训练。每单元除精选课本上的词汇、语法、填空或阅读理解习题进行即时训练外，还结合高考第一轮复习资料《创新设计》上高三部分套题对学生进行反馈训练。这些套题为每2单元一套，包括短语翻译15个，单词拼写10个，句形转换5个，单项选择15题（基本包括本单元主要语言点）、完型填空1篇。同时适当穿插语法专项、句型翻译、阅读理解和完型填空强化习题，印发一些范文让学生背。并告诉学生：词汇、短语的学习不能脱离语篇。要求同学通过诵读课文、范文，试着造句加深对词语与重点句型的印象。

二、加强词汇教学,积累语言信息．---------稳固根基,加强交际应用

在平时教学中对所学英语知识进行归纳总结，将零散的、孤单的知识有机地结合起来，使已学知识网络化，形成一个完整的知识体系，从而摸索出、总结出带规律性的东西，提高复习效率。比如：

（1）“点”： 归纳常用、常考重点词汇的基本用法、语法特点、适用条件以及相关知识点，特别是一些使用频率教高的动词，如 need, consider, suggest, expect, prefer 等。例如 suggest, 可表示“建议”，也表示“暗示”“表明” 等意义；还有suggest doing的结构, 以及做宾语从句时要用虚拟句型suggest that sb.（should）do 的结构，而作“暗示”、“表明”时则要用陈述语气；据此还可以联想到所带宾语从句中用虚拟语气的相关动词insist, demand, order, advice等。

（2） “线”：对有共同用法特点的词汇进行归纳、串联，形成知识链。如，既可作实义动词又可作系动词的词有：sound，smell，taste，get，become，turn，grow，come，fall，go，remain，look，appear，seem等。又如常用动名词（不能用不定式）作宾语的动词有：mind, enjoy, finish, imagine, suggest, avoid, practise, delay, appreciate, risk，等。

(3） “面”：由点及线，由线及面，培养发散思维和知识迁移的能力。对搭配能力强的词汇在复习时让学生先进行归纳复习。如复习Put用法时，马上想到Put away,put aside,put sth.in order,put on,put up with,put through等 。再区别记忆。

(4) “分”： 英语近义、同义词的学习和归纳可以扩大知识面，增强语言的使用能力。如在复besides 用法时，可以联系except, but, except for, except that, but for, apart from, other than 等词汇的词义区别和用法。再如: dress, be in ..., put on, have on, wear等词汇都可以表示“穿戴”，但他们的意义和用法的区别在哪？

（5）“合”：正确处理语法教学和阅读教学的关系：

要摆脱语法束缚，就得学好语法，逐步养成用英语思维的习惯。现行教材强调交际和运用，可是交际并不排斥语法，我们不能孤立地谈交际、阅读，更不能片面地教语法。这是两个极端。语言的基本功能就是交际，就是用来交流思想和看法的，很难想象一个满口病句错句的人能把他自己的思想准确无误地表达出来。形式是为内容服务的，适当的语言形式(即语法)应在运用中、在篇章阅读中让学生不断体会，进行自我总结，再由老师简要归纳，最后为学生所掌握。

三、检测：

实施单元训练和月考制度。单元训练每单元学完进行一次，重点是对阅读理解、完形填空和写作的考查，测试时量不超过45分钟，题量为一张8开试卷纸（双面）。

四、专项突破

单项选择

1、这种题型知识面考查范围较宽,要通过上下文中的暗示,附加信息掌握语境,正确推测对话双方的关系,选择符合西方文化习俗的正确答语;

2、在题中加入插入语成分、或故意打破句子的结构和平衡、或故意前置增加迷惑性;

3、句子结构题:考查强调句型、倒装句型、省略句型;

4、习语搭配型:提高区别相近习语混淆的能力;

5、逻辑题型:考查上下文的逻辑关系,选择恰当的连词;

6、将基础的语法、时态融入特设的愈境中,这时附加信息对答案有直接的影响;

完型填空

完形填空实际上是从词汇、语法、篇章、语境和用英语思维等方面对学生进行综合考查。所以，应从以下三个方面入手训练学生做完形填空的思维能力和解题技巧：

1．充分利用首句信息，掌握文章大意；

2．利用同位结构、破折号、上下文对词汇、词组进行推测;

3．掌握全文基本时态;

4、利用语篇标志解题;

语篇标志即:表明语篇内在联系的词语。如表示结构层次的firstly ,secondly ,finally等;表示逻辑关系的thus, therefore, so ;表示改变话题的by the way ,on the contrary,;表示递进的besides, what’s more ,further等;表示时间的before, after, so far, meanwhile ,later等;

5．利用语法知识分析句子结构；

6．利用词性和词语辨析法来解题；

7．利用文化背景和生活常识解题。

高考完形填空所选文章都堪称精品，其逻辑必是上下贯通，其脉络也必是井然有序，令人信服。因此，做完完形填空以后，应从文章的内在逻辑入手，看所选答案是否经得起推敲，是否能自然融入整个语篇，如果有游离于文章主旨之外或与整篇文章的逻辑相矛盾的答案，就需要重新理解、修正。

阅读理解

阅读能力一直是高考英语测试的主题，完型填空题也是以阅读能力为基础的。因此，在平时的教学中，我们尽量采用整体教学法，注意培养学生的下列能力：

1．理解文章主旨大义的能力；

2．获取课文中重点细节的能力；

3．根据上下文、词缀推测生词词义的能力；

4．根据文章的内容和提供的线索做出简单判断和推理的能力；

5．理解文章基本结构和逻辑关系的能力；

6．理解作者基本意图和基本态度的能力；

7．分清文章中的事实和观点的能力；

8．理解指代关系的能力；

9．理解图表信息的能力；

10．预测下文的能力。

在进行专项复习中，让学生限时阅读，培养他们快速阅读的技巧。对于学生无法读懂的文章，采用泛读和精读相结合的办法，通过对语义的解析，使同学理解语篇。阅读训练的重点是主旨大意和推理能力的培养。同时，课外给学生一定的阅读量，使他们熟悉各种体裁的文章，提高阅读能力。同时注意文章的时效性，题材的多样化。特别关注人与人、人与自然的和谐，健康与饮食，环保与节能内容的文章。

短文改错

1、检查是否“三一致，”即：主谓一致，指代一致，时态一致；

2、平行结构的一致：由and,but 连接或是比较状语结构是否前后一致；是否该省略“to”;是否是并列谓语；

3、用词的准确性，是否夹杂了文化差异；

4、并列与转折：根据上下文，选择恰当的连词；

5、逻辑推理与语意呼应：上下文的语意是否一致；

6、介词、动词是否搭配一致；

7、冠词是否恰当，是不是零冠词；

8、形容词是否正确，是原级、比较级还是最高级；

9、名词的数与格；

10、注意隔行句（每行只有一个错）；

书面表达

写作的过程与达标是一个渐进的过程。在高中的整个课文教学中，要求学生背诵每篇课文中的典型句式和表达好的句式。在高三的作文讲解中，也要重视对学生组句成文、文法知识、各种文体的行文方法的指导和对学生进行范文引导和习文点评。同时通过汉译英、词语造句的练习来强化学生对句法和文章结构的理解与认识。这样，学生在训练过程中逐步积累题型训练经验、获得答题技巧，提高语言交际运用能力。以下是注意事项：

1. 加强遣词造句的训练。把握五种基本句型结构，避免中式英语，力使句子语言生动、精练；

2. 练习篇章写作。循序渐进，仿写、改写、缩写、扩写，正确使用过渡词语；

3. 规范使用大小写和标点符号，避免非文字信息的丢分；

4. 注意人称、时态的一致和文章格式；

5. 学会审题，思路清晰，拟好提纲，避免要点错漏；

6. 字数适中，书写规范，卷面整洁。

五、考前训练

专项训练结束后，再进行NMET的适应性训练。训练学生审查试卷和填涂答题卡的习惯，养成良好的适应考试的能力，使学生在考试中能够发挥正常水平。时间分配上，建议单项选择用12分钟，完型填空用18分钟，阅读理解用40到45分钟，单词拼写和改错题用10分钟，写作（包括阅读填空）用25到30分钟，填涂答题卡用5分钟（建议每做完一个大题填涂一次，避免出错和没时间填涂）。

总之，高三的教学重点就在于通过第一轮对基础知识的系统复习、归纳、整理、深化，第二轮的专项训练和第三轮的模拟训练，完成由知识向应用能力的成功转化，使学生具备参加高考的能力和取胜的信心。

责任编辑：李芳芳

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