考点3 形容词和副词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

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篇1：考点3 形容词和副词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

考点3 形容词和副词

1. Green products are becoming more and more popular because they are environmentally .

A. friendly B. various C. common D. changeable

2. - How is everything going on with you in Europe?

- Quite well. Not so smoothly as I hoped, .

A. though B. instead C. either D. too

3. The house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years.

A. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little

4. - Did you enjoy yourself at the party?

- Yes. I’ve never been to one before.

A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting

5. Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way to the Home Circle Building.

A. easy enough B. enough easy C. easily enough D. enough easily

6. It is any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.

A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly

7. Excuse me, but can I borrow your pencil-box?

A. blue cheap plastic B. cheap blue plastic C. plastic blue cheap D. plastic cheap blue

8. Mr. Evans is wise than smart. Few people can solve such a problem.

A. no less B. no more C. less D. more

9. They found there was to weigh such an elephant.

A. big enough nothing B. nothing enough big C. enough nothing big D. nothing big enough

10. David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels desire to go to bed. A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least

11. John is the tallest boy in the class, _______, according to himself.

A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight

C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as

12. Jenny has a good appetite recently. She kept weighing herself to see how much she was getting.

A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest

13. I think whoever makes contributions to the company than others should get income.

A. greater; the higher B. more greater; a higher

C. greater; the highest D. more greater; the highest

14. Of the two sisters, Betty is one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.

A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest

15. You’d better go and buy some tomatoes for the dinner party, for you see, there are ____ tomatoes left in the basket than I imagined.

A. far more B. far fewer C. many more D. many fewer

16. - Are you satisfied with his work?

- Well, I’m afraid it couldn't be .

A. any better B. the best C. any worse D. the worst

17. Shanghai has a larger population in China.

A. than any city B. than any cities C. than any other city D. than all other city

18. Her health is __________.

A. as poor as, if not poorer than, her sister’s B. as poor as, if not poorer than, her sister

C. poor as her sister, if not poorer D. as poor, if not poorer than, her sister’s

19. Many students signed up for the race meeting to be held next week.

A. 800 meter-long B. 800-meters-long C. 800 meter-length D. 800-meter-length

20. - Why didn’t you buy the camera you had longed for?

- I had planned to, but I was￡50 .

A. fewer B. less C. cheap D. short

21. A sheep __ on this kind of special grass usually grows much faster than on ordinary.

A. fed; one B. feeds; the one C. fed; that D. feeding; it

22. The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .

A. ours B. those of ours C. it had for ours D. it did for us

23. I’m certain David’s told you his business troubles. , it’s no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank. A. However B. Anyway C. Therefore D. Though

24. There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we gave up.

A. eventually B. unfortunately C. generously D. purposefully

25. At times, worrying is a normal, response to a difficult event or situation --- a loved one being injured in an accident for example.

A. effective B. individual C. inevitable D. unfavorable

26. - Would you like , sir?

- No, thanks. I have had much.

A. some more oranges B. any more oranges C. some more orange D. any more orange

27. Maggie has been fortunate to find a job she loves and, , she gets well paid for it.

A. sooner or later B. what’s more C. as a result D. more or less

28. My mother always gets a bit if we don’t arrive when we say we will.

A. anxious B. ashamed C. weak D. patient

29. Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen this year.

A. the best B. better C. the most D. more

30. - Have you been in New Zealand? - No, I’d like to, .

A. too B. though C. yet D. either

31. Mr. Smith owns collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met.

A. larger B. a larger C. the larger D. a larger

32. If it is quite to you, I will visit you next Tuesday.

A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable

33. - Have your working conditions improved?

- No, than before. I' m afraid.

A. no better B. a little better C. not worse D. no worse

34. , the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.

A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally

35. Follow your doctor’s advice, your cough will get worse.

A. or B. and C. then D. so

36. - Must I turn off the gas after cooking?

- Of course. You can never be careful with that.

A. enough B. too C. so D. very

37. Your uncle seems to be a good driver, I wouldn't dare to travel in his car.

A. even so B. even though C. therefore D. so

38. No one has been able to prove that fish is better for the brain than many other kinds of food.

A. some B. so C. as D. any

39. - Could you tell Lucy about the meeting when you see her?

- Sure, I will I see her.

A. certainly B. fortunately C. probably D. immediately

40. - Where does she work?

- In a bank. She did when I last saw her, .

A. however B. through C. yet D. anyway

41. In time of danger, it’s important that we keep .

A. calm B. quiet C. still D. silent

42. - What do you think of my garden, Tom?

- I doubt whether there’s one elsewhere.

A. a good B. the better C. the best D. a better

43. Thanks to the satellites, football games come to us on TV.

A. lively B. live C. alive D. living

44. As far as I' m concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, .

A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are

C. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life

45. I won’t love you even if you fail in the coming exam.

A. any more B. any less C. no more D. no less

46. - It’s your favorite?

- Maybe, but it’s the place that I want to visit.

A. worst B. last C. best D. latest

47. The little girl couldn’t work the problem out. She wasn’t clever.

A. that B. much C. enough D. too

48. We are moved because Mr. Smiths always prepares his lessens into the night.

A. deeply; deeply B. deep; deep C. deeply; deep D. deep; deeply

49. I’d like to sleep with the window .

A. open wide B. open widely C. wide open D. opened wide

50. My brother was still studying into the night while I was asleep.

A. late; sound B. lately; wide C. deeply; far D. far; late

51. He lives in the house where he was born.

A. already B. yet C. still D. ever

52. I’m glad to say that she has already finished 50% of the book in three days.

A. no less than B. no more than C. not more than D. much less than

考点小资料：形容词和副词

1．多个形容词修饰同一名词的排列顺序，口诀如下：限定描绘大长高， 形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。

说明：限定词包括冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、数词等。描绘形容词是指表示对事物看法的形容词。

2．常见的仅作表语或后置定语的形容词：afraid，alive，alone，alike，ashamed，asleep，afloat，awake

3．仅作表语的形容词：content，i11，drunk，sure，liable，unable，well

4．以-1y结尾的常见形容词：lovely可爱的，friendly友好的，orderly有序的，slightly悦耳的，motherly母亲般的，sisterly姐妹般的，brotherly兄弟般的，manly男子汉气概的

5．常修饰比较级的副词：much, still, far, even, any, no, a little, a lot, a great deal.

6．比较级前可用：even，some，a bit/little，much，a lot，far，by far，no，not，any修饰，表程度。

最高级前可有序数词，by far，nearly， almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like来修饰。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇2：语法和词汇考点详解----形容词、副词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法和词汇考点详解----形容词、副词

【命题依据】近几年来，高考对形容词和副词的考查多从以下几个方面入手：原级、比较级、最高级的使用；原级、比较级与倍数的表达；比较级、最高级与修饰词的使用；近形和近义词的辨析在具体语境下的使用；多个形容词和副词的排列顺序；常见形容词和副词的惯用法等。由于形容词、副词为实词，今后高考将不会降低对这一部分的考查力度。试题中仍将会考查原级、比较级、最高级与修饰词的使用，多个形容词、副词的排列顺序以及常见形容词、副词的惯用法；要特别注意原级与倍数词在表达时的词序以及近形、近义词的辨析。

[例题1]-What will you buy for your husband’s birthday?

-I want to buy a ____ wallet for him.

A. black leather small B. small black leather

C. small leather black D. black small leather

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确把握多个形容词作定语时的词序。

【答案解析】根据多个形容词作定语词序排列规律“限定描绘大、长、高，形状、年龄和新老，颜色、国籍和材料，作用类别往后靠”。可知，选项中三个限定词分别为small（大、小）, black （颜色），leather（材料）。答案为B。

[例题2]-The novel is, I have to say, not a bit interesting. How do you find it?

-Why! It’s ____ that I have ever read.

A. a less interesting B. a more interesting

C. a most interesting D. the most interesting

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要理解句子意思，分析选项，准确使用形容词比较级与最高级结构。

【答案解析】根据句子意思可以知道，本题无比较之意，而含有最高级含义，故应排除选项A、B；选项C中的most 相当于very，不符合句子意思。答案为D。

[例题3]-What does the model plane look like?

-Well, the wings of the plane are ____ of its body.

A. more than the length twice B. twice more than the length

C. more than twice the length D. more twice than the length

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确把握比较级结构中由名词构成的倍数表达法。

【答案解析】分析句意及选项可知，这是一个比较级结构中由名词所构成的倍数表达形式。在这一结构中，倍数要置于表示量的名词前面，后接of+另外一个比较对象，该题中more than 仅为一个修饰词，应置于倍数词前面，构成：the wings of the plane are more than twice the length of its body。答案为C。

[例题4]-How about the concert last night?

-Well, at least it’s ____ the one I saw last time with Joan.

A. no worse than B. no better than C. not as good as D. as bad as

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确理解答句意义以及四个选项的比较级结构的不同表达。

【答案解析】在比较级结构中“no+比较级+than”意思为“前者并不比后者更……”。根据答句意义，尤其是从at least 可以知道该句意思为“至少它不比我上次跟Joan 一起看的音乐会更糟”，故应选no worse than ；选项B 意义相反，不符合句意；选项C、D意义相同。答案为A。

[例题5]Of the two scientists, who do you think is ____?

A. a successful one B. more successful

C. a more successful D. the more successful

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确判断在表示两者的句子结构中，形容词比较级前冠词的使用。

【答案解析】在含有of the two 的句子结构中，句子的形容词要用比较级形式，并且被定冠词the限定， 意思为“两者中更……”。该句意思为：“两位科学家中，你认为哪一位更成功？”答案为D。

[例题6]We can’t get the machine to run. There must be ___ with it.

A. something wrong serious B. something seriously wrong

C. something serious wrong D. something wrong seriously

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确把握副词与形容词之间、形容词与不定式之间的修饰关系及词序。

【答案解析】一般情况下，形容词修饰不定代词时，要放在不定代词的后面；副词修饰形容词时，要放在形容词之前，这样便构成something seriously wrong。答案为B。

[例题7]After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ____ in 2004 as the year before.

A. as many machines twice B. twice many as machines

C. as twice many machines D. twice as many machines

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要理清含有倍数的同级比较结构中词的排列顺序。

【答案解析】在含有倍数、百分数的同级比较结构中，倍数或百分数必须置于as...as 之前;由many或much修饰的复数名词或不可数名词必须置于 as...as中间。答案为D。

[例题8]After the long journey, the Smiths returned home, ____.

A. safe but tired B. safely but tired

C. safe and tiring D. safely and tiring

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意弄清表示增补意义，在句中作状语的形容词和副词的用法区别，以及动词的瞖d 与瞚ng形式在句中的用法区别。

【答案解析】根据题干意义可知，空格部分是用来补充说明句子主语是怎样的，故选用形容词做状语，表示“人感到累”应用tired，由于选项是两个意义不一致的形容词，故用转折连词but 连接。实际上，该句相当于...the Smiths returned home and they were safe but tired。答案为A。

[例题9]Tasting ____, this kind of fried chicken sells ____.

A. well; good B. to be good; well

C. good; well D. to be well; good

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是把握系动词后形容词或副词的选用以及谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义的选用。

【答案解析】分析题干可知，第一空taste在此作系动词，其后应接不带to be结构的形容词作表语。由于well作形容词时意思为“健康的”，不符合题意，故应选 good作表语；第二空sell 在此为不及物动词，后接副词well，意思为“畅销”，用sell的主动形式表示被动意义。答案为C。

[例题10]The problem is not ____ so easy as you think. It’s far from being settled.

A. hardly B. almost C. nearly D. scarcely

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要正确理解句子的意义，根据四个选项的意义及在句中的结构作出选择。

【答案解析】hardly和scarcely 意思均为“几乎不”，与题干中的not 构成双重否定，不符合句子意思；almost与not连用时，almost 常置于not前面，意思为“几乎不”；只有 not nearly为正确结构，意思为“相差很远”。答案为C。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇3：形容词、副词(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

形容词、副词

(一)形容词

形容词(adjective)是用来描写或修饰名词(或代词)的一类词。形容词的语法特征是：

1)一般置于其所修饰的名词之前。如：

A solitary tree stood in the field after the horrible fire.

大火过后一株孤零零的树矗立在田野里。

2)多数形容词具有比较等级。如：

I suppose he was a better painter than Qi baishi.

我认为他是一个比齐白石更出色的画家。

She was the most active of us.

她在我们中最活跃。

3)有独特的后缀。如：

-able, -ible: eatable 能吃的，accessible 容易得到的

-al： formal 正式的，central 中心的

-ant, -ent: important 重要的，different 不同的

-ary, -ory: elementary 基本的，contradictory 矛盾的

-ful: useful 有用的，doubtful 怀疑的

-ic: patriotic 爱国的，heroic 英勇的

-ive: comparative 比较的，progressive 进步的

-less: helpless 无助的，useless 无用的

-ous: famous 著名的，dangerous 危险的

-y: dirty 肮脏的，rainy 多雨的

以及否定前缀。如：

-un: unhappy 不幸的，unequal 不相等的

_in: incomplete 不完全的，indifferent 不关心的

形容词的种类

形容词根据其构成可分为简单形容词与复合形容词。

1)简单形容词由一单词构成。如：

good 好的 green 绿的

long 长的 large 大的

bright 明亮的

有些形容词由分词构成。如：

interesting 引起兴趣的 charming 媚人的

disappointing 令人失望的 (以上是现在分词)

learned 博学的 tired 疲倦的

spoiled 宠坏了的 (以上是过去分词)

2)复合形容词由一个以上的词构成。如：

good-looking 好看的 heartbreaking 令人伤心的

hand-made 手工制作的 duty-free 免税的

new-born 新生的 absent-minded 漫不经心的

有些短语和句子亦可构成形容词。如：

a hard-to-please employer 难以取悦的雇主

a life-and-death struggle 生死存亡的斗争

a get-rich-quick scheme 一个发财快的计谋

形容词又可根据其与所修饰名词的关系分为限制性形容词(restrictive adjective)与描述性形容词(descriptive adjective)。

限制性形容词表示事物的本质，其位置紧挨着它所修饰的名词，二者关系如同一体。限制性形容词不可缺少，否则会影响名词的意义。如：

a Catholic church 天主教教堂

a French dish 法式菜

a Shakespearian play 莎士比亚剧

描述性形容词又称作非限制性形容词。它仅起一种描绘性的作用，其位置可在限制性形容词之前。如果省去不用，亦不致影响所修饰名词的本义。如：

an impressive Catholic church 一座气势宏伟的天主教教堂

a delicious French dish 一道味美的法式菜

a historical Shakespearian play 一出莎士比亚历史剧

形容词的限制性与描述性并非固定不变。同一个形容词，如true，即可作限制性形容词，如a true report(真实的报告)；又可作描述性形容词，如a true scholar(真正的学者)。

多数形容词皆可独立运用，但有少数形容词则不可，它们必须与特定的介词连用。这种形容词唤作相对形容词(relative adjective)。如：

I am averse to shopping down town because I dislike crowds.

我不乐意在市区买东西，因为我不喜欢人挤人。(averse须后接介词to)

有些形容词在意义上有主动与被动之分。不少具有被动意义的形容词以-ble结尾。试比较：

respectful 对人尊敬的(主动)

respectable 受人尊敬的(被动)

形容词的用法

形容词可修饰名词和代词，在句中用作定语、表语、补语、状语、独立成分等。

1)用作定语。如：

A good boy must behave himself.

好孩子应当行为规矩。

The old man was too feeble to take his usual daily stroll.

这个老人太虚弱，已不能像平常那样每天散步了。

The wind from the north is bringing heavy rains.

北风带来大雨。

有些形容词只能用作定语，故称之为定语形容词。如：

She's an utter stranger to me.

她对我来说是个完全陌生的人。(utter只能作定语)

形容词作定语时，有时表面上修饰甲，实质上乃指乙(多指人)。这种形容词叫做转移形容词(transferred epithets)。如：

I passed a sleepless night.

我度过了一个不眠之夜。

有些形容词形式上修饰名词，实际上相当于副词，修饰名词所内含的动作。如：

an early riser 起得早的人(=somebody who rises early)

a hard worker勤劳的工人(=somebody who works hard)

a frequent visitor常客(=somebody who visits frequently)

同一个形容词，用作定语时，在不同的上下文中可能有不同的意义。如：

a mad doctor 精神病医生或有精神病的医生

a criminal lawyer 刑事律师或犯罪的律师

2)用作表语。如：

He is very strong.

他非常健壮。

That's excellent!

那太好了!(可省去that's，变成Excellent!再如Wonderful!真棒!)

Be careful!

小心!(形容词一般不可单独表示命令与劝告，故不可省略为Careful!)

有些形容词只能用作表语，故称之为表语形容词。这种形容词常见的有well, ill以及以a-起首的afraid, alike, awake, aware, ashamed, alone, alive等。

The patient is asleep.

病人睡着了。

I'm glad to see you.

见到你真高兴。(形容词作表语后接动词不定式)

He's fond of music.

他喜欢音乐。(形容词作表语后接介词短语)

Are you sure he will come?

你肯定他会来吗?(形容词作表语后接宾语从句)

3)用作主语补语。如：

The room was found empty.

房间发现是空的。

4)用作宾语补语。如：

Have you got everything ready for the journey?

你准备好了行装没有?

I can't drink it hot.

这东西热的我不能喝。

Who has left the door open?

谁把门敞开的?

5)有些形容词可用作副词，修饰另一形容词。如：

icy cold 冰冷的 ghostly pale 像鬼一般苍白的

real good 真好的 mighty clever 非常聪明的

wide open 大开的 jolly good 很好的

dead tired 十分疲倦的 dark red 深红的

［注］在口语nice and clean(挺干净)和good and ready(准备妥当)中的nice与good实际上亦相当于副词。

6)用作独立成分。如：

Strange to say, he is still ignorant of it.

说也奇怪，他还不知道这件事。

I said it would happen, and sure enough it did happen.

我说它会发生，它果然发生了。

More important, he's got a steady job.

更重要的是他得到了一个稳定的工作。(当代英语也常用副词形式more importantly)

名词化的形容词

用作名词的形容词叫做名词化的形容词。名词化的形容词常与定冠词连用。

1)泛指一类人，含复数概念，作主语时要求复数动词。如：

The good are happy.

善者长乐。

The sick were sent home.

病员被送回家。

The English are great lovers of tea.

英国人很喜欢喝茶。

2)指抽象事物，作主语时要求单数动词。如：

The beautiful can never die.

美是不朽的。

The true is to be distinguished from the false.

真伪要辨明。

The moon was at the full.

今宵月正圆。

3)有些形容词可加复数词尾-s。如：

I asked one of the locals which way to go.

我向一个当地人问路。

We are taking our finals next week.

我们下星期举行期末考试。

形容词的位置

形容词一般置于它所修饰的名词之前。如：

The boy spent all of his free time playing electronic games.

这个男孩用他所有课余时间去玩电子游戏。

The railroads are still a significant mode of transport.

铁路现在还是一种重要的运输方式。

但在某些情况下，它却可置于它所修饰的名词之后。

1)形容词修饰由some, any, every, no等构成的复合不定代词时须后置。如：

Tell me something interesting.

给我说些有意思的事。

Anyone intelligent can do it.

任何有智力的人都能做这件事。

In the 1930's everything Japanese was in the dog house.

在20世纪30年代，日本的一切东西都不受欢迎。

No, there is nothing special.

不，没有什么特别的东西。

2)表语形容词必须后置。如：

The house ablaze is next door to me.

那家着火的房子就在我的隔壁。

The boats afloat were not seen by the enemy.

水上的小船没有被敌人发现。

有些形容词用作非限制性定语时亦可后置。如：

The man, silent, stood beside her.

这个男人一声不吭，站在她旁边。

The man, nervous, opened the letter.

这个男人神情紧张地拆开信。

3)以-able和-ible结尾的形容词可置于前有最高级形容词或only等词的名词之后。如：

That is the greatest difficulty imaginable.

那是最大不过的一种困难。

That is the only solution possible.

那是唯一可行的解决办法。

He is the best person available.

他是现有的最好人选。

［注］上述三例中的形容词亦可置于名词之前而意义不变。

另外，还有past, positive, total, following, preceding等亦可前置或后置而意义不变。如：

in past years或in years past 过去的年月

positive proof或proof positive 正面的证据

total sum或sum total 总数

the preceding years或the years preceding 以前的年月

the following days或the days following 以后的日子

4)在由古法语演变来的固定短语中。如：

court-martial 军事法庭

the body politic 国家

postmaster general 邮政部长

还有些是受法语表达影响的短语。如：

accounts payable 应付帐目

president-elect 当选总统

下列固定用法亦属于这一类：

Monday to Friday inclusive 星期一至星期五，含首尾两天

Poet Laureate 桂冠诗人

devil incarnate 魔鬼的化身

5)和空间、时间单位合用时。如：

two months ago 两个月以前

a ruler twelve inches long 12英寸长的尺

a well fifteen feet deep 15英尺深的井

6)形容词enough一般须后置。如：

I have time enough.

我有足够的时间。

但也可前置。如：

I have enough time.

7)成对的形容词可以后置。如：

There was a huge cupboard, simple and beautiful.

有一个大食橱，简朴而美观。

She has many pencils, blue and red.

她有许多铅笔，有蓝的，有红的。

后置形容词有时可有两个以上。如：

Never had I seen a face so happy, sweet and rediant.

我从未见过如此幸福甜美容光焕发的面孔。

8)形容词短语一般须后置，往往相当于定语从句。如：

I think he is a man suitable for the job.

我认为他是适合做这项工作的人。

We need a place twice larger than this one.

我们需要一个比这里大一倍的地方。

A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with.

一个如此难以取悦的人一定不好共事。(也可说so difficult a man to please…)

前置形容词的排列顺序

有一个以上的词语修饰名词时，它们的次序往往比较固定。限定词一般皆置于第一位，其它修饰语则常根据其与名词的亲疏关系依次排列。如：

a weak small spare old man 一个瘦弱的小老头儿(不定冠词+ 描绘形容词+ 特征形容词［大小鲂巫穿瞿炅洌+ 名词)

the first beautiful little white Chinese stone bridge 那第一座美丽的中国小白石桥(定冠词+ 数词+ 描绘形容词+ 特征形容词［大小鲅丈］+ 专有形容词+ 名词性定语+ 名词)

a few new major urban highways 几条新的主要城区公路(不定代词+ 特征形容词［新旧龃笮。+ 类属形容词+ 名词)

a pretty purple silk dress 一件漂亮的紫绸女衣(不定冠词+ 描绘形容词+ 表颜色的形容词+ 表材料的形容词+ 名词)

a very valuable bronze Egyptian cat 一只非常珍贵的埃及铜猫(不定冠词+ 描绘形容词+ 名词性定语+ 专有形容词+ 名词)

a tall intelligent young Chinese officer 一个聪慧的个子很高的年轻的中国军官(不定冠词+ 描绘形容词［短词龀ご剩+ 表特征的形容词［年龄］+ 专有形容词+ 名词)

some sour green eating apples 一些酸绿的食用苹果(不定代词+ 描绘形容词+ 表颜色的形容词+ 动名词+ 名词)

从上述词语看来，修饰名词的次序大致为：限定词(包括冠词、物主、指示、不定代词等)

数词雒杌嫘稳荽(短词在前，长词在后)表特征的形容词(包括大小、形状、新旧、年龄等，次序也大致如此，但不甚固定)霰硌丈的形容词霰砝嗍舻男稳荽(包括专有形容词和表材料质地的形容词)+ 名词性定语(包括动名词)+ 名词。但在语言实际中，例外情况为数不少。如上述名词性定语bronze置于专有形容词Egyptian之前。

有些形容词的次序可以颠倒而意义不变，如既可说a thin dark face, 亦可说a dark thin face。有时则意义可能大不一样，如dirty British books意谓“弄脏了的英国书”，而British dirty books则很可能意谓“英国的黄色书籍”。

上述词语多用于笔语中，口语中很少有形容词堆砌的情况。

(二)副 词

副词(adverb)是用以修饰动词、形容词、其它副词以及全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。如：

She did not speak to him much.

她不和他常说话。(修饰动词)

He turned to the politically active youth.

他变成了政治上积极的青年。(修饰形容词)

“What happened?”I asked, rather sharply.

“发生了什么事?”我颇为严厉地问。(修饰副词)

Unfortunately, he wasn't at home when we came.

遗憾的是，当我们来到时他不在家。(修饰全句)

副词具有多样性。在词义上，有些副词本身含有实义，有些则仅为了强调而已。如：

A bat suddenly flew out.

一只蝙蝠突然飞走了。(有实义)

I am extremely sorry.

我非常对不起。(强调用)

在功用上，有些副词可修饰单词、短语、从句以及全句。如：

We often talked about bulls and bull-fighters.

我们时常谈论公牛和斗牛士。(副词often修饰动词talked)

Lucia returned home at 5 o'clock precisely.

露西娅正5点回到家。(副词precisely修饰at 5 o'clock 短语)

You shouldn't work so hard, especially after you have been ill.

你不应该这样用功，特别是在你生病以后。(副词especially修饰after从句)

You will probably find this book in the library.

你大概会在图书馆找到这本书。(副词probably修饰全句)

在形式上，许多副词带有后缀-ly，有些则与形容词等其它词类相似。如：

带后缀-ly strongly, quickly, badly等。

不带后缀-ly slow, high, now等。

副词的种类

副词可按其意义分为：

1)方式副词，具有最典型的状语形式，即形容词加后缀-ly。如：

quickly 快地 neatly 整洁地

awkwardly 笨拙地 largely 大半地

2)地点、方向副词。如：

here 这里 away 远离

outside 外面 left 左边

straight 径直 west 向西

这类副词还应包括可用作副词的介词形式。如：

come in 进来 step down 走下

有些表示地点、方向的古英语形式不时还见于文学作品中。如：

hither(=here) 这里

thither(=there) 那里

yonder(=over there) 那边

hence(=from here) 从这里

thence(=from there) 从那里

whither(=where) 往哪里

3)时间副词，有的表确定时间。如：

yesterday 昨天 today 今天

tomorrow 明天

这类副词有的具有名词形式，并有复数形式。如：

He works nights and sleeps days.

他夜间工作白天睡觉。

有时一个词组为一个时间单位。如：

last week 上周

a month ago 一个月以前

the day before yesterday 前天

有的表不定时间。如：

recently 最近nowadays 现今

still 仍然 already 已经

immediately 立刻 just 刚刚

还有的表时间序列。如：

now 现在 then 然后

before 以前 first 首先

next 其次 later 后来

有的表时间频率。如：

always 永远 often 经常

sometimes 有时 never 决不

4)强调副词，有的从程度上强调，回答how much。如：

almost 几乎 entirely 完全

mearly 差不多 partially 部分

wholly 整个 wittedly 彻底

有的从意义上强调。如：

very 很 too 太

quite 十分 rather 颇

extremely 极 more 较

这类副词中有些仅用于非正式文体。如：

so 这么 pretty 相当

awfully 非常 terribly 极其

dreadfully 极端 horribly 分外

有的从程度上强调，回答how complete。如：

especially 特别 even 甚至

exactly 确实 just 正好

only 仅仅 simply 简直

这类副词一般位于其所修饰的词之前。如：

She was not especially pretty.

她不是特别漂亮。

This isn't exactly right.

这不全对。

这类副词还可修饰名词、代词、介词短语和从句等。如：

Even John agreed to come.

连约翰也同意来。(修饰名词John)

Only she could come.

只有她能来。(修饰代词she)

He went to the party only because of his wife.

他仅仅是由于他妻子的缘故才去参加晚会。(修饰介词短语)

I don't know exactly when I can come.

我不知道具体什么时间我能来。(修饰从句)

［注］副词only常放在全句谓语之前，但并不一定修饰谓语。如：

①I'll only be a moment.

我只一会儿就回来。(only修饰a moment)

②I only heard John.

我只听见约翰的声音。(only修饰John)

副词还可按其形式分为：

1)简单副词。如：

just 刚刚 well 好

back 在后 near 在附近

very 很 enough 足够

有些简单副词与形容词同形。如：

a near relation近亲(形容词)

to come near 走近(副词)

a fast car 行得快的车(形容词)

to drive fast 开快车(副词)

a daily newspaper 日报(形容词)

a daily published newspaper 每日出版的报纸(副词)

［注］pretty一词用作形容词时，意谓“漂亮的”，应读重些；用作副词时，意谓“相当”，应读轻些。试比较：

apretty dark dress 一件漂亮的黑女装

a pretty dark dress 一件相当黑的女装

在非正式文体中，有些形容词可用作副词。如：

real nice 真好 awful good 极好

plain silly 太傻 mighty helpful 大为有助

美国英语中的sure等于英国英语中的certainly或of course。如：

(8)-Would you like to come?

你愿意来吗?

-Sure!

当然!

2)复合副词。如：

somehow 不知怎么地 nowhere 无处

therefore 因此 somewhat 有点

有的常用于书面。如：

whereupon 因此 hereby 特此

herewith 顺此 whereto 向那时

3)派生副词，许多副词由形容词和分词后加后缀-ly而成。如：

odd鰋ddly 奇怪的銎婀值

interesting鰅nterestingly 有趣的鲇腥さ

determined鰀eterminedly 决意的鼍鲆獾

注意以辅音+ y(读作/i/)结尾的形容词变为副词时，须将y变为i，再加-ly，如easily, happily等。以-ll结尾的形容词变为副词时，只加-y, 如chilly, fully等。以辅音+ le结尾的形容词变为副词时须省去-le，再加-ly, 如ably, idly, singly, simply(supplely例外)，subtly等。以-ue结尾的形容词变为副词时，须省去-e, 再加-ly，如truly, duly等。以-ic结尾的形容词变作副词时，须加-ally, 如heroically, domestically, tragically等。(但public的副词形式须作publicly)。此外，shy和sly的副词形式常作shyly和slyly, gay和dry则有两种副词形式，分别为gaily, gayly和drily, dryly。

［注］有些形容词一般并没有派生副词形式，如difficult, big, future, 以及以a-起首的awake, alive, asleep等。除由形容词和分词派生的副词外，还有从其它词语变来的副词，如weekly(名词+ ly)，firstly(数词+ ly), mostly(不定代词+ ly), overly(介词+ ly), matter-of-factly(短语+ ly)等。

有些副词有两种不同的形式，一种与形容词同形，另一种由形容词加后缀-ly构成。二者有时区别不大，只不过不带-ly的副词常用于非正式英语中而已。如：

drive slow 汽车开慢点

drive slowly 汽车开慢点

direct to the office 直接去办公室

directly to the office 直接去办公室

［注］上列成对副词有时并不能相互通用，如副词slow一般只与go, drive, walk等动词连用；direct则多用于表路程和表时间等。

但在许多情况下，二者是有区别的。有的在意义上不同。如：

pretty good 相当好

prettily dressed 穿着漂亮

work hard 工作努力

hardly enough 几乎不够

有的则只是在用法上不同：不带-ly的副词往往用在直接或具体的场合，带-ly的副词往往用在抽象的场合。试比较：

jump high 跳得高(具体)

highly developed 高度发展的(抽象)

Follow close behind. 紧跟在后面。(具体而直接)

She resembles her father closely. 她很像她父亲。(抽象)

副词除常用的后缀外，还有一些其它后缀。如：

-wise: clockwise 顺时针方向地

-ward(s): northward(s) 向北方

-fashion: schoolboy-fashion 学生式

-ways: sideways 斜着

-style: cowboy-style 牛仔型

有些副词带有前缀a-。如：

abroad 在国外 ahead 在前面

around 在周围 aloud 大声

alike 相像、同样 alone 独自

副词还可按其功用分为：

1)句子副词，这类副词往往和整个句子具有松散的语法关系，而不是修饰某个动词。如：

Fortunately, no one was hurt.

幸亏没有人受伤。

He evidently thinks that he can do no wrong.

他显然认为他不会做错事。

这类副词还有一些。如：

presumably 大概 actually 实际上

obviously 显而易见 evidently 显然

unexpectedly 出其不意 decidedly 明显

表示轻微程度感情的感叹词，如well, indeed, now以及表示肯定与否定的yes和no，也可属于这一类。

词组也可作为句子副词，如by all(no)means, in my opinion, strangely enough等。

2)连接副词，这类副词用以连接句子、分句或从句，类似句子副词。它们可表示各种关系。

有的表结果。如：

therefore 因此 accordingly 从而

有的表添补。如：

moreover 再者 besides 此外

有的表对比。如：

however 不管怎样 nevertheless 然而

有的表条件。如：

otherwise 否则

有的表时间。如：

then 然后

3)解释副词，这类副词用于举例或列举。如：

namely 即 i. e. (=that is) 那就是

for example 例如 e. g. (=for example) 例如

as 如 viz(=namely) 即

4)关系副词，这类副词有when, where, why等，用以引导定语从句。如：

We visited the house where a famous poet once lived.

我们参观了一位著名诗人曾经住过的房子。

I have heard my father speak of the war of 1870 when he was in the militia.

我听父亲说过1870年的战争，他当时在当民兵。

5)缩合连接副词，这类副词主要由先行词与关系副词缩合而成，多用以引导名词性从句，它们有when(=the time when), where(=the place where), why(=the reason why), whenever(=any time when), wherever(=any place where), however(=no matter how)等。带有-ever的副词常引导状语从句，有“任何”或“不论”的含义。如：

You don't know when you are lucky.

你在福中不知福。(when引导一宾语从句)

That's where I first met her.

那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。(where引导一表语从句)

That's why he didn't come.

这就是他没有来的原故。(why引导一表语从句)

Come and see me whenever you want to.

你什么时候想来见我都可以。(whenever引导一时间状语从句)

Sit wherever you like.

你爱坐哪儿都可以。(wherever引导一地点状语从句)

Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.

我不论在哪儿，都会想你的。(wherever引导一地点状语从句)

The painting looks wrong however you look at it.

这张画不论怎么看都显得不对劲。(however引导一方式状语从句)

6)疑问副词，这类副词有when, where, why, how，用于疑问句。如：

When will he arrive?

他什么时候到?

I asked when he would arrive.

我问他什么时候到。

7)感叹副词。如：

How beautifully she dressed!

她穿着得多漂亮啊!(修饰副词)

How beautiful she is!

她多漂亮!(修饰形容词)

副词的功用

副词在句中主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词和全句。

1)修饰动词，方式副词可直接修饰动词。如：

The boy threw the ball quickly.

这个男孩抛球抛得快。

地点、时间副词也可修饰动词。如：

The boy quickly threw the ball there twice yesterday.

这个男孩昨天在那儿两次抛球抛得快。

2)修饰形容词，有些副词可在形容词前修饰形容词。如：

The very small boy threw the ball quickly.

这个很小的男孩抛球抛得快。

［注］副词quite修饰可比较的形容词时，意谓“相当”，如That's quite good。当它修饰不可比较的形容词时，则意谓“十分”或“完全”，如She's quite right。

(3)修饰副词，有些副词可在另一副词前修饰副词。如：

She drives rather fast。

她车开得相当快。

［注］副词enough修饰形容词与副词时则须置于其后。如：

①It's hot enough to go swimming.

天气真够热，可以去游泳。(修饰形容词hot)

②He swam quickly enough to pass the test.

他游得真够快，可以通过测试。(修饰副词quickly)

4)修饰全句，有些副词可修饰整个句子。如：

Ordinarily we eat breakfast at seven.

平常我们是7点吃早饭。

Hopefully we can get this done before dark.

我们希望能在天黑以前把这项工作做完。(hopefully=we are hopeful that)

此外，副词还有下列几种用法：

5)修饰小品词(即用作副词的介词)和介词，有一些强调副词，特别是right, well，可修饰小品词和介词。如：

He knocked the man right out.

他把那个人完全打败了。(修饰小品词out)

They left her well behind.

他们把她远远丢在后面。(修饰小品词behind)

He made his application well within the time.

他按时递交了申请书。(修饰介词within)

6)修饰某些不定代词和数词。如：

Nearly everybody came to our party.

几乎所有的人都来参加我们的晚会了。(修饰代词everybody)

They have improved roughly half their equipment.

他们已改进了大约一半的设备。(修饰数词half)

Virtually all the students participated in the discussion.

实际上所有学生都参加了讨论。(修饰代词all)

We counted approximately the first thousand votes.

我们数的大约是首批千张票。(修饰数词the first thousand)

7)修饰名词，置于“不定冠词+ 名词”之前，用以增强语气。这类副词最常用的有quite和rather。如：

We had quite a party.

我们举行了一个蛮好的晚会。(修饰a party)

It was rather a mess.

事情相当糟。(修饰a mess)

Even a child can understand that.

连孩子也明白那样的事。

某些副词可直接置于名词之前。如：

Who was the then Prime Minister?

谁是当时的总理?

He has inside information about the talks.

他有关于这次会谈的内部情报。

某些副词可直接置于名词之后。如：

Life here is full of joy.

这里的生活充满欢乐。

I met her the week before.

上上个星期我见过她。

The meeting yesterday lasted more than three hours.

昨天的会开了三个多小时。

8)用作表语。如：

Father is away.

父亲离家在外。

Is anybody in?

里面有人吗?

The meal was afterwards.

后来吃的饭。

9)用作宾语补语。如：

Ask him in, please.

请他进来。

I went to see him only to find him out.

我去看他，不料他不在家。

10)用作介词宾语，有些表示地点、时间的副词可以用作介词宾语。如：

Come over here!

到这边来!

Don't put off until tomorrow what can be done today.

不要将今天可做的事拖到明天。

副词的位置

副词的位置比较灵活。

1)有的副词，如sometimes, often, soon, perhaps等，可置于句首、句中或句末。如：

Sometimes she comes late.

有时她来得晚。(置于句首，即在主语前，这是最强调的位置)

She sometimes comes late.

(置于句中，和谓语动词一起)

She comes late sometimes.

(置于句末，在动词及宾语或补语之后，这个位置的强调性弱于句首，但强于句中)

2)有些副词常用在句中，多表频度，如often, always, never, seldom等。它们的位置又与动词有无助动词有关。句中无助动词时，副词置于动词be之后，其它动词之前。如：

She is always late.

她总是晚到。(副词置于is之后)

He always comes late.

他总是晚到。(副词置于comes之前)

动词带有一至三个助动词时，副词通常置于第一个助动词之后。如：

I shall always remember it.

我将永远记住这件事。(副词置于助动词shall之后)

动词前有情态动词时，副词置于情态动词之后。如：

You must never get off the tram when it is moving.

电车开动时你绝不可下车。(副词置于情态动词must之后)

可以置于句中的副词还有already, really, just, still, certainly，almost, nearly, suddenly等。

3)句中副词如移至助动词之前，则是为了强调紧跟在其后的助动词。如：

He never has been and never will be successful.

他现在和以后都不会成功。(强调助动词has和will)

You never can tell.

你很难说。(强调情态动词can)

4)多数副词皆置于谓语动词之后，如有宾语，则置于宾语之后。如：

Please read carefully.

请仔细地读。

Please read the poem carefully.

请仔细地阅读这首诗。

但如副词在句中的地位不很重要，它亦可置于动词之前。如：

He carefully read the poem.

他仔细地读了那首诗。

如果宾语部分较长，副词也可置于动词与宾语之间。如：

Please read carefully all the sections in the book that deal with adverbs.

请仔细阅读书中讨论副词的所有部分。

［注］有些可作介词的副词，既可放在宾语之后，亦可放在宾语之前，如I'll put the light on或I'll put on the light。但宾语如是人称代词，则须说I'll put it on。这样的副词还有up, down, in, out, away等。

5)在疑问句中，副词一般只能放在句中或句末。如：

Does he usually work so late?

他通常都工作到这么晚吗?

在有一个助动词或情态动词的疑问句中，副词常放在实义动词之前。如：

Has he fully recovered?

他完全康复了吗?

Can you honestly say you have done your best?

你能老实说你已经尽了最大的努力吗?

在有两个助动词或情态动词的疑问句中，副词的位置与其在陈述句中的位置相同。如：

Will he be severely punished?

他会受到严厉的处罚吗?(陈述句为He will be severely punished)

6)在祈使句中，多数副词置于句末。如：

Do it quickly!

快干!

Go there tomorrow.

明天去那里。

副词never和always一般在祈使句中占有句首位置。如：

Never(Always) buy expensive clothes.

决不要(或总是要)买贵重的衣裳。

7)有时表示序列的副词位于句首。如：

First deliver the package, then go to the post office.

先送包裹，然后去邮局。

［注］关于修饰形容词、副词、名词以及全句的副词的位置见前节有关各部分。

(三)形容词、副词的比较等级

比较等级的含义

英语里形容词与副词有三个比较等级，即原级(positive degree), 比较级(comparative degree)和最高级(superlative degree)。

一般说来，表示“等于”时用原级。如：

I'm just as busy today as I was yesterday.

我今天和昨天一样忙。

表示二者的比较时用比较级。如：

I'm much busier today than I was yesterday.

我今天比昨天忙多了。

表示“最……”时用最高级。如：

That was the busiest day of my life.

那是我一生中最忙的一天。

在汉语里，可以说“北京的天气比上海冷”，或“这个幼儿园的孩子被照顾得比那个幼儿园好”，在英语里则必须用that或those。如：

The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.

The children of this kindergarten are better taken care of than those of that kinder garden.

形容词的比较等级

形容词比较等级的规则变化如下表：

构成法 原级 比较级 最高级

1. 单音节词末尾加-er和-est great 伟大的 greater greatest

2. 单音节词如以-e结尾，只加-r和-st brave 勇敢的

fine 好的 Braver

finer bravest

finest

3. 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-est big 大的

hot 热的 bigger

hotter biggest

hottest

4. 少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er，和-est(以-y结尾的词，如-y前是辅音字母，则变y为i，再加-er和-est。以-e结尾的词仍只加-r和-st) happy 快乐的

clever 聪明的

narrow 狭窄的

able 能 happier

cleverer

narrower

abler happiest

cleverest

narrowest

ablest

5. 其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more和most difficult 困难的 more

difficult most

difficult

注意：

1)形容词比较等级所加的-er和-est，自成一个音节，分别读作//和/ist/。如：

tall taller tallest

happy happier happiest

thin thinner thinnest

fine finer finest

如果形容词原级的词末为不发音的字母r，在加-er和-est时r要发/r/音。如：

near nearer nearest

clear clearer clearest

如果形容词原级词末的发音为//, 在加-er和-est时，//音后须加一个/g/音。如：

long longer longest

strong stronger strongest

2)有些单音节词的比较等级常用more和most，如glad, fond, shy, sly(但like只可用more和most)。有些单音节词则用-er和-est或more和most皆可，如free, clear等。有些双音节词亦如此，如secure, cruel, pretty, lively等(但real只可用more和most)。当代英语似有多用more和most的趋势。

分词形容词的比较等级一律用more和most，如：

worn more worn most worn

tired more tired most tired

interesting more interesting most interesting

［注］注意wicked不是分词，故须用-er和-est。

3)英语里有些形容词的比较等级变化是不规则的。这些形容词有：

good

better best

well

bad

worse worst

ill

many

more most

much

little

less least

few

farther farthest

far

further furthest

older oldest

old

elder eldest

later latest

late

latter last+

［注］不定代词many, much, little, new和形容词一样亦有比较等级，故皆列在这里。

little作“小”解时，其比较等级一般与small同。few则常用规则的比较等级fewer和fewest，但在当代英语里亦可用less和least。

elder和eldest在英国英语里只可表家庭成员之年长关系，如his elder brother, his eldest child。但在美国英语里，不论指“老、旧”或“长幼”，皆用older和oldest。

另外还有former, foremost; inner, innermost; hinder, hindmost; outer, outmost

(utmost); upper, uppermost等比较形式。

4)英语里表示“较不……”和“最不……”时可用less与least。如：

difficult, less difficult, least difficult

有些复合形容词亦有两种比较形式。如：

better-behaved

well-behaved

more well-behaved

best-behaved

most well-behaved

better-known

well-known

more well-known

best-known

most well-known

5)英语里有一些形容词由于其词义而不可能有比较等级形式，如：right, excellent,

wrong, naked, perfect, infinite, simultaneous, wooden, absolute, chief, entire, eternal,

final, fatal, possible, main, inevitable, primary, sufficient, supreme, unanimous, univerl, utter, vital, whole等。

但这并不是绝对的。例如有人可能会说：

You brother is more right than you seem to realize.

你弟弟要比你似乎所认为的更正确。

You are younger and your digestion should be more perfect.

你年轻，你的消化力应当比较强。

副词的比较等级

副词比较等级形式的变化与形容词大致相同，但以后缀-ly结尾的副词须用more和most。如：

hard harder hardest

fast faster fastest

early earlier earliest

quickly more quickly most quickly

carefully more carefully most carefully

［注］early末尾的-ly并非后缀，故其比较等级不用more和most。又，有些副词的比较等级既可用-er和-est，亦可用more和most，如often等。

下列副词的比较等级为不规则变化：

well better best

badly worse worst

much more most

farther farthest

far

further furthest

形容词、副词比较等级的基本用法

形容词与副词都有三个比较等级。

1)原级常用于“as+ 原级+ as”结构。如：

He's as tall as I.

他和我一样高。(口语中一般用me)

He likes her as much as he likes his sister.

他很喜欢她，同喜欢他的姐妹一样。

否定的原级用not as…as或not so…as，二者一般无甚区别。如：

He does not smoke so heavily as his brother.

他没有他兄弟抽烟抽得凶。

注意下面句中的词序：

Germen is just as difficult a language as English.

德语同英语一样难学。(不定冠词须放在difficult之后)

在一定的上下文中，as…as结构中的as从句可省去。如：

To criticize like him one must be as generous and as wise.

要想象他那样进行文学批评，我们就必须和他一样地大度和聪慧。

2)比较级常用于“比较级+ than”结构。如：

He is taller than I.

他比我高。(口语中一般用me)

She sees me more often than she sees her brother.

她见我比见她弟弟更经常。

否定比较与否定原级一样，也用not as(so)…as…结构，也可用less…than结构。如：

(8)This word is less frequent in British English than in American English.

这个词在英国英语里比在美国英语里少见。(往往可代之以This word is not so frequent in British English as in American English)

也可用副词比较级。如：

This word is used less frequently in British English than in American English.

这个词在英国英语中不及在美国英语中常用。

在一定的上下文中，than从句可以省去。如：

You ought to have told me earlier.

你应当早些对我说。

［注］注意He is the taller of the two(他是两个人中的较高者)这一句中的taller前有定冠词the。

3)最高级常用于“the+ 最高级+ 比较范围”结构，比较范围为短语或从句。如：

This is the best picture in the hall.

这是大厅里最好的一张画。(比较范围为短语)

This is the best picture that he has ever painted.

这是他所画的画当中最好的一幅。(比较范围为从句)

He sings the best in the class.

他在班里唱得最好。(the在此是副词)(副词最高级常可省去the)

在非正式文体中，比较范围亦可用“of any…”短语。如：

The dog has a funny, short tail and certainly the funniest face of any dog in the world.

这狗有一条短而逗人的尾巴，它的脸肯定是世上最逗人的狗脸了。

形容词的否定最高级也可用the least。如：

She wanted to know how to do it with the least amount of bother.

她想知道如何干这件事麻烦最少。

在一定的上下文中，表示“比较范围”的短语或从句可省去。如：

This is the best possible answer.

这是最好的回答了。

在一定的上下文中，形容词最高级后的名词(即所谓中心词)亦可省去。如：

This is the best of all.

这是所有当中最好的。

形容词、副词比较等级的其它用法

形容词、副词的比较等级还有一些其它用法。

1)原级的其它用法

a)as(so)…as结构前可以用just, almost, nearly, half等词表示程度。如：

She hasn't been quite so unlucky as she pretends.

她并不很像她所装做的那样倒运。

He doesn't dress half so strangely as Mike.

他的衣着的奇异远不及迈克。

You're sewing nearly as neatly as her.

你的针线活差不多和她一样干净利落。

b)注意下面句中as…as的用法：

She is as gifted as she is diligent.

她不但有天赋，而且勤奋。

The slogan is as easy to remember as it is hard to forget.

这个口号好记而且难忘。

有时as从句中的主语和连系动词可省去。如：

(6)Come as soon as possible.

尽快来吧。

有些as…as结构则是现成说法，如as well as, as much as, as far as, as far back as, as good as, as long as，as soon as, as often as not等。

c)as从句的省略结构，可以省去整个谓语部分，保留主语。如：

Is he as handsome as his brother?

他有他哥哥漂亮吗?

Does she dance as gracefully as her sister?

她的舞跳得有她姐姐优美吗?

可以省去部分谓语部分，保留主语和be, have或助动词。如：

I have as many assignments as you have.

我的作业和你一样多。

Now hold your breath as long as you can.

现在你要尽量地摒住呼吸。

可以省去主语与谓语部分，只保留修饰语(多为状语)。如：

It's as warm there as in Beijing.

那里的天气和北京一样暖和。

2)比较级的其它用法

a)比较级前可用many, much, far, a little, a bit, slightly, a great(good)deal, a lot, completely等词语表示不定度量。如：

The sun is much bigger than the earth.

太阳比地球大得多。

The sun is a lot bigger and brighter than the moon.

太阳比月亮大得多、亮得多。

b)比较级前可用any和no。如：

He was too tired to walk any further.

他太累了，走不动了。

The train is no longer in sight.

列车再也看不见了。

注意下面句子的结构及含义：

I don't like smoking any more than you do.

我和你同样不喜欢吸烟。

I know no more Spanish than I know Greek.

我对西班牙语和希腊语同样都不懂。

c)no more(less)than与not more(less)than的含义不同，前者言其少(多)，后者则只意谓“不多(少)于”。试比较：

I have no more than five yuan in my pocket.

我口袋里的钱只不过5元。(no more than等于“只不过”，言其少)

I have not more than five yuan in my pocket.

我口袋里的钱不多于5元。(not more than等于“不多于”，“至少”，无言其多或少的含义)

He is no less determined than you.

他的决心不亚于你。(no less determined than等于“其决心不亚于你”，言其大)

He is not less determined than you.

他的决心不比你小。(not less determined than等于“其决心不小于”，无言其大或小的含义)

d)比较级前可用“数词+ 名词”构成的名词短语表示确定的度量。如：

He is two inches taller than his father.

他比他爸爸高两英寸。(或说He is taller than his father by two inches. )

She could not take a step further.

她一步也不能走了。(a在此等于one)

e)比较级可与even, still, yet等副词连用表示“更加”。如：

In that small room he seemed even bigger than I remembered him.

在那个小房间里，他的块头似乎显得比我所记得的更加大了。

We are working still harder now.

现在我们工作更加努力。

This is bad; that is yet worse.

这个坏，那个更坏。

表示“因此而更加……”则用“all, so much, none等+ 副词the+ 比较级+ (表示原因的状语)，这种结构之后不可再接than从句。如：

I walked around for two hours yesterday, and the doctor said I was none the worse for it.

昨天我转游了两小时，而大夫说我的病情并未因此而恶化。

His unkindness hurt me all the more because I had been previously so kind to him.

以前我曾经对他很好，因此他的不友好更加使我难过。

在一定的上下文中，原因状语可省去。如：

If that is the case, all the better.

如果事实是那样，那就更好了。(if从句内含原因)

I know there's danger ahead, but I'm all the more set on driving forward.

我知道前面有危险，但我因此而更加决心驱车向前。(前一分句内含原因)

f)表语中比较两个形容词时，不管形容词有多少音节，皆须用more…than…结构，其意往往是…rather than…，可译为“是……而不是……”或颠倒词序译作“与其说是……，不如说是……”。如：

That little girl is more shy than timid.

那个小姑娘是害羞而不是胆怯。

上述表语结构中的形容词不可用-er和-est，亦不可用than从句。但下面一类句子除外：

This room is longer than it is broad.

这个房间的长大于宽。

［注］上述more…than…结构亦可用于名词、介词短语等。如：

①She is more mother than wife.

她是贤妻，更是良母。(亦可说She is more a mother than a wife或She is more of a mother than a wife)

②It's more like blue than green.

它是绿的，但更像是蓝的。

上述more…than…亦可用于非表语结构。如：

③It'll do you more harm than good.

它会对你害多益少。

g)more than作为固定词组意谓“多于”，常用于数词(或相当于数词的词)之前。如：

More than 1000 people attended the meeting.

一千多人参加了会议。

英语中的more than往往有“多得惊人”的含义。如无此含义，则应用over或在名词后用ormore。如：

There are over ten people in the room.

房间里有十多个人。

There are ten chairs or more in the room.

房间里有十多把椅子。

more than用于其它词语时则常意谓“不止”、“超过”等。如：

She is more than pretty.

她何止是漂亮。(不可用prettier代替more than pretty)

和more than意义相反的有less than, worse than, little more than等。如：

He seemed less than overjoyed.

她似乎并不太高兴。

You're worse than unfair. You're mean.

你不止是不公正。你是卑鄙。

Employment statistics in that country amount to little more than best guess.

那个国家的就业统计和最好的猜测差不多。

［注］类似的固定词组还有rather than, sooner than, other than, nothing more(less) than等。

h)表示“越来越……”用“比较级+ and+ 比较级”结构或“more and more+ 原级”，这种结构不可后接than从句。如：

Things are getting better and better every day.

情况一天一天好起来。

He is becoming more and more active in sports.

他越来越积极参加体育运动。

亦可用“ever等副词+ 比较级”表示“越来越……”。如：

The road got ever worse until there was none at all.

道路越来越坏，直到最后连路也没有了。

Her position was becoming daily more insecure.

她的地位一天比一天不稳了。

i)表示“越……，就越……”常用“副词the+ 比较级+ 副词the+ 比较级”结构。前者是状语从句，后者是主句。如：

The more, the better.

越多越好。

The harder she worked, the more progress she made.

她工作越努力，进步越大。

j)比较级用于否定结构可表“最……不过”。如：

Nothing better!

那最好不过了!

There's nothing cheaper.

再便宜不过了。

［注］英语里的比较结构也常用来表示最高级。如：

①She sings better than anyone else in her class.

她在班里唱得最好。(=She sings best in her class)

②He's abler and more active than anyone else I know.

他在我所认识的人中是最能干最富有活力的了。(=He's the most able and active man I know)

k)英语里的比较级有时并无具体的比较含义，这种比较级叫做绝对比较级。如：

younger generation 青年一代

higher education 高等教育

the lower classes 下层阶级

the more complex problems of life 生活中的较为复杂的问题

l)than从句的省略结构与as从句大致相同。它可以省去整个谓语部分，保留主语。如：

She is more highly regarded than he.

她比他受到更高的重视。

Does Linda wear his hair longer than Mary?

琳达留的头发比玛丽的长吗?

She eats less than a bird.

她的食量比小鸟还少。

它可以省去部分谓语部分，保留主语和be, have或助动词。如：

John drove much more carefully than Jim did.

约翰开车比吉姆小心得多。

We all love ourselves more and hate ourselves less than we ought.

我们都对自己爱得过多，恨得过少。

这种比较从句中的be, have或助动词可移至主语之前，进行倒装。如：

No leader of a party has kept himself in greater detachment from the sentiment of his than has the late Prime Minister.

任何政党的领袖都没有像已故首相那样不动感情。(助动词has移至主语the late Prime Minister之前)

比较从句可以省去主要动词，保留其余部分。如：

Imperialism will not change its nature any more than a leopard will its spots.

帝国主义绝不会改变其本性，正如豹子绝不会改变其皮上的斑点一样。

比较从句可以省去主语和部分谓语部分，保留宾语。如：

I love him more than her.

我爱他胜过爱她。

They love their liberties even more than their lives.

他们热爱自由胜过他们的生命。

比较从句可以省去主语和部分谓语部分，保留修饰语。如：

It's pleasanter traveling by day than by night.

白天旅行比夜晚旅行愉快。

［注］注意习惯上用more than usual，而不用more than usually, 如：Did you eat more than usual yesterday evening?(你昨晚吃得比平常多吗?)

比较从句可以省去主语(或将than看作代词作主语用)，保留谓语部分(这种结构多用于正式文体中)。如：

There is more in it than meets the eye.

它的内涵较表面要深。

Don't drink more than is good for you.

不要喝得过量。

［注］在He returned three days earlier than expected(他回来比所预料的早三天)一句中，than expected=than he was expected。

下面一些句子的than从句省去了宾语：

The box is bigger than I wanted.

这箱子比我想要的大。

She told me more than I cared to know.

她告诉我的比我想知道的多。

2)在一些比较省略结构中，than之后可用动词不定式。如：

I know better than to mention it.

我才不会提它呢。

I cannot do better than to give you an idea of how I did it.

我只能告诉你我是怎么干的。

［注］有些固定词组的than之后须接不带to的不定式。如：

①Sooner than yield he resolved to die.

他宁死不投降。

②I would rather stay than go.

我宁愿留不愿去。

3)最高级的其它用法

a)最高级可被序数词以及much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means等词语所修饰。如：

The Yellow River is the second longest in China.

黄河是中国的第二大河。

Of the three boys Nick is much the cleverest.

这三个男孩中，尼克最最聪明。

Of the three boys Nick is almost the cleverest.

这三个男孩中，尼克差不多是最聪明的了。

Of the three boys Nick is by no means the cleverest.

这三个男孩中，尼克决不是最聪明的。

b)形容词最高级用作表语强调事物品质时应省去定冠词。如：

This is where the river is deepest.

这是河流的最深处。

Put the picture where light is best.

把这张画挂在光线最亮处。

如指事物，一般仍须用the。如：

This book is the most difficult that I have ever read.

这本书是我所读过的最难的一本书。(difficult后省去了one或book)

c)如果形容词前的most=very，亦须省去定冠词the，这种无“最”含义的最高级叫做绝对最高级(不重读)。如：

It is a most useful book.

它是一本非常有用的书。

Most作“非常”解时，不重读，但作“大多数”解时须重读。试比较：

Most reputable writers have now abandoned this claim.

一些非常可尊敬的作家现在已经放弃了这种主张。(most不重读，等于very)

M′ost reputable writers have now abandoned this claim.

大多数可尊敬的作家现在已经放弃了这种主张。(most重读，意谓“大多数”)

“most+ 形容词”用作表语时，most如不重读，亦属绝对最高级；如重读，则意谓“最”。试比较：

He was most eloquent at the close of his speech.

他在他讲演的结尾最为雄辩。(most重读，等于“最”)

He was most eloquent at the close of his speech.

他在他讲演的结尾非常雄辩。(most不重读，等于very)

有时带the的形容词最高级亦是绝对最高级，意谓“极”。如：

We would like to help you with the greatest pleasure.

我们极其乐意帮助你。

Oh, he made the rudest remark!

啊，他说了极为粗野的话。

下面一些现成说法中的绝对最高级省去了the：

I acknowledge, with sincerest thanks, your generous gift.

对你慷慨的馈赠，我致以最衷心的谢意。

With best wishes, Yours…

致以最良好的祝愿，你的……(信中结束语)

在正式文体中，the有时亦被省去。如：

She had eyes of deepest blue.

她有一双最深蓝的眼睛。

在“形容词最高级+ of+ 名词(泛指)”的结构中，最高级亦表very, 一般不重读。如：

He spoke in the softest of voices.

他说话声音非常柔和。

We are the best of friends.

我们是极好的朋友。

［注］上述结构中的名词不可有修饰语，否则最高级则变为相对最高级，意谓“最”。例如将上述例(106)改为We are the best of his friends, 其意则变为“我们是他的最好的朋友”。再如Table tennis is the most popular of sports in China(乒乓球在中国最为盛行)，由于sports有修饰语in China，因而the most popular在此亦是相对最高级，意谓“最盛行的”。

d)注意下面句子结构中的of短语不可或不宜后移。如：

Of all the books I like this(the) best.

在所有的书中，我最喜欢这本。(但可说I like this best of all)

e)最高级可以和物主代词连用表示最佳情况或状态。如：

I think he has done his best.

我认为他已经尽了最大的努力。

f)最高级在非正式文体中可表示二者的比较。如：

This is the shortest of the two roads.

这是两条路中最短的一条路。

g)最高级有时有“即使”的含义。如：

There is no smallest doubt.

毫无疑问。

The slightest neglect would cause a great loss.

即使最小的疏忽也会造成很大的损失。

4)英语里表示比较等级的手段还有：

a)用equal(ly), same, enough等表示as…as…。如：

No one's fingers are equally long.

没有一个人的手指是一样长。

They are the same age.

他们同龄。

It's clear enough.

够清晰了。(=It's as clear as is necessary)

b)用拉丁比较级superior, inferior, senior, junior, prior, major, minor等表示比较级。如：

This carpet is far superior to that one in quality.

这条地毯的质量远胜过那一条。(后一般须接to)

Jones is senior to Smith.

琼斯比史密斯资格老。(后须接to)

He is having a major operation.

他正在接受一次大的手术。

［注］注意下列词组中的拉丁比较级都是绝对比较级(无比较含义)：

senior citizens 老人

superior quality 优质

a minor point 不重要之点

c)“too+ 原级”和“原级+ for短语”也可表示比较级。如：

It's too long.

他太长了。(=It's longer than is necessary)

He is tall for his age.

对他那样的年纪来说，他是长得高的。(=taller than normal)

有时单用原级亦可表比较级。如：

You are five minutes late.

你晚了五分钟。(late=too late)

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇4：形容词与副词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

形容词与副词

撰稿人：朱国兵

(一) 高考命题趋势

[数据统计]

内

容

年

份

形容词、副词比较等级 形容词、

副词辨析 多个形容

词顺序 其它

’01-’04 14 23 3 2

8 8 1 1

[命题趋势]

未来的高考测试，热点仍将集中在对形容词、副词的比较等级的考查上，同时继续加强对形容词和副词的基本词义的考查。完形真空和短文改错等题型也都会直接考查形容词和副词。

[应对策略]

形容词和副词虽属于实词，每个词都有一定的意思，在平时学习时应放在一定的语境中进行。因为语音、词汇和句子是语言的有机统一体，脱离句子的词汇和脱离语境的句子都是无法确定其意义的。因此要提倡“词不离句，句不离文。”做题时,要结合语境，注意惯用法和固定搭配，认真辨析，从而做出最佳选择。别外，加强对比较级和最高级表达的学习，尤其是一些常见的句型，要做到张口能诵的程度。

(二) 专题内容归纳

一、形容词和副词的分类和构成

1.形容词的分类

1)性质形容词：①外观：如long, strong, bit, round, fat, beautiful, old等②性质：如good, clean, new, fresh, soft, excellent等③颜色：如red, black, green, blue, white, brown ④情绪：如 happy, sad, sorry, nervous, anxious等 ⑤性格：如 kind cruel honest foolish lazy, rude等⑥状况：如 careful, blind, deaf, cheap, hungry 等 ⑦评论：如 great, true, necessary, difficult, wrong 等

2)关系形容词：①地域：Chinese, American, Asian, Pacific等 ②质料：wooden, golden, plastic, metallic等 ③科技：electric, chemical, atomic, medical等 ④意识：communist, social, political, religious等 ⑤行业：industrial, military, agricultural, economic等

2.形容词的构成

1) 由后缀构成的形容词

⑴-ern: northern, southern, western, eastern

⑵-ish: foolish, feverish, British, Swedish, Irish

⑶-ive: active, expensive, native, instructive

⑷-ious: serious, curious, obvious, anxious

⑸-able: comfortable, reasonable, valuable, unable

⑹-al: national, natural, political, usual, special

⑺-an: American, Australian, Russian, Italian

⑻-ant: pleasant, constant, important, distant

⑼-ary: revolutionary, necessary, ordinary, primary

⑽-ful: careful, beautiful, wonderful, useful

⑾-less: careless, wireless, useless, harmless

⑿-ly: friendly, lonely, likely, lovely, orderly, daily

⒀-some: handsome, troublesome, tiresome

⒁-ous: famous, dangerous, nervous, continuous

⒂-y: healthy, noisy, windy, rainy, dirty, funny

2)复合形容词的构成

⑴ 副词词干 + 分词：hard-working 勤劳的；bravely-fighting英勇战斗的；well-known闻名的；deep-set深陷的；

⑵ 名词词干 + 过去分词：man-made人造的；snow-covered被雪覆盖的

⑶ 名词词干 + 现在分词：time-consuming耗时的；energy-saving节省能源的；grass-eating食草的

⑷ 名词词干 + 形容词词干：world-famous世界

闻名的；snow-white雪白的；life-long终生的；

oil-rich 石油储量丰富的

⑸ 数词词干 + 名词词干：five-star五星级的；

ten-year 的；two-man二人的

⑹ 数词词干 + 名词-ed：three-legged三条腿的；

four-storeyed四层的

⑺ 数词词干 + 名词 + 形容词：five-year-old

5岁的；500-metre-long 500米的；

⑻ 形容词词干 + 过去分词：ready-made现成的

clean-washed洗得干净的

⑼ 形容词词干 + 名词-ed：kind-hearted好心的；

middle-aged中年的；cold-blooded冷血的

⑽ 形容词词干 + 现在分词：ordinary-looking相貌一般的；funny-looking样子滑稽的；swee-

t-smelling闻着香甜可口的

⑾ 形容词词干 + 形容词词干：red-hot炽热的；

dark-blue深蓝色的

3.副词的分类

⑴ 时间副词now, today, tomorrow, ago, lately, soon,

often, usually, early

⑵ 地点副词 outside, upstairs, anywhere, up, here,

forward, there, away, in, back. off

⑶方式副词simply, quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, again, once, easily, together

⑷ 程度副词very, quite, rather, extremely, badly,

completely, widely, partly, perfectly, too

⑸ 疑问副词when, where, why, how

⑹ 关系副词when, where, why (引导定语从句)

⑺ 连接副词when, where, why, how (引导名词性从 句和副词性从句)

⑻ 其他surely, certainly, really, however, therefore, yes,

no, perhaps, moreover

4. 副词的构成

⑴ 不加词缀: 只作副词用的。 e.g.

ago, almost, now, often, soon, seldom, never

这类副词较少；许多副词都兼属其他词类。与 adj.同形的 little, enough, far, early, long, fast, well, how其中有些作adj.与作adv.词义不同

⑵ 加前缀“a”: 作副词用。

ahead, abroad在/去国外,aloud, alone, aside这类副词中许多可作“表语形容词”。

⑶ 加“-wise”: 表趋向、方面:

clockwise顺时针地,sidewise靠边地moneywise金钱方面

⑷ 加后缀“-ward(s)”:

表示“趋向”backward(s),forward(s), downward(s), upward(s), inward(s), outward(s), northward(s), homeward(s)

注:加ward可作adj.或adv.；但是,加wards通常作adv.

⑸ 加后缀 “-ly”或“-y”: 大多是“形容词”加-ly; bravely, politely, softly, willingly, anxiously, carefully

例外: true – truly, due – duly

以-le结尾,去e再加-y simple－simply, possible－possibly, gentle－gently例外: sole－solely, whole－wholly 以-ll结尾,只加-y full－fully, dull(呆、暗)－dully以-ic结尾,加-ally basic(基本的)－basically, scientific－scientifically, historic(有历史意义)－historically, atomic(原子的)－atomically例外:public－publicly以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i再加-ly heavy－heavily, happy－happily, busy－busily, angry－angrily, comradely－comradelily

例外:dry－dryly, shy－shyly, day－daily, gay(欢乐)－gaily

⑹ 有两种副词形式与adj.同形时和加-ly作adv.时意义变化较少

bright－brightly cheap－cheaply straight－straightly

close－closely easy－easily firm－firmly

loud－loudly slow－slowly wrong－wrongly

注：使用习惯不同,应注意区别。

与adj.同形时和加-ly作adv.时意义变化大fair公正地/fairly公正/相当地,wide宽阔地/widely广泛地,clean完全、径直地/cleanly利索地,pretty相当/prettily秀美地,free免费地/freely自由地,near近/nearly几乎,hard努力/hardly几乎不,just刚/justly公正地,most最/mostly大多地,high高/highly高度地,deep深/deeply深切,late晚/lately最近

⑺ 词组ざ逃 成语词组

a bit有点,a little稍微,a lot很,a great deal非常,nice and

相当,big and很, first of all首先,too much(…)太,很,(太多…),much too…太过于…

成对词语构成的词组first and last最重要地,far and near到处,heart and soul全心全意地, now and then不时地,heaven and earth尽力地,head and shoulders大大地,high and low到处, more or less几乎,sooner or later终究,side by side并排地

⑻ 复合副词：sometimes有时,nevertheless然而,therefore

因此,outside在外,everywhere各处,however可是,northeast东北,indoors在户内

注: 1总的来说,副词从构成形式可分三大类：

1)简单副词,这类词较少；2)派生副词,即加前、

后缀构成,这类词数量极大,尤其加后缀的 形

式较多；3)合成副词,由两个以上单词复合而

成。

2有些加-ly的词,通常作adj.用(其中绝大多数

还可作adv.或n.用。只是这种词当adv.的用法略显古、旧。) e.g.

① This is a monthly (magazine).这是一份月刊。(adj./n.)

② Many magazines come monthly (＝once in a

month).许多杂志每月出一期。(adv.)

这类词可作如下分类：

1只作adj.用 comradely同志式的,homely家常、普通的,costly贵, weatherly 能驶向上风的,earthly尘世/可能的

2可作adj.或adv. 用作adv.时与作adj.时同形likely可能的,deadly致命的,死一般的,masterly熟练的,deathly致命,死一般,hourly每小时,motherly母亲般的,fatherly 父亲式的,sisterly姐妹式的,brotherly兄弟般的作adv.时有两种形式kindly(-lily), lowly(-lily), lonely (-lily)

3可作adj.,或adv.せ騨.用 作adj.与作adv.同形monthly, daily, weekly 作adv.时有两种形式lively

(-lily), lovely(-lily),manly(-lily),friendly(-lily)

二、形容词和副词的句法功用

功用 位置(及用法) 例 证

定语 adj.通常在中心词前 a small Indian boy一名印度小男孩; tie same thing同一件事

adv.通常在中心词后 tie life here这里的生活; tie situation then那时的形势

表

语 副词/形容词在系动词后(“感官”系动词须接形容词作表语。) Charlie isn’t feeling well. 查理现在感觉不舒服。

Nobody was about then. 那时四周无人。

It grew darker. 天变得更暗了。

补

语 作主补, 在谓语后 Tie little match girl was found dead. 人们发现卖火柴的小女孩死了。

We were shown around by a boy. 一个男孩带我们各处看了一下。

作宾补,在宾语后 We find tie book very useful. 我们认为这本书很有用。

Let me show you out. 让我送你出去吧。

状

语 常在被修饰词语前、后。

1. 原因/时间等: 句首、句中

2. 伴随/结果等: 句末、句中 Tired and hot, we stopped to have a break.

由于又累又热,我们停下来歇了一会。

He lay silent on tie grass, very sad. 他默默地躺在草地上,暗自悲伤。

The soldier fell down, dead. 这名士兵倒下牺牲了。

He listened very attentively. 他听得非常认真。

修饰全句时位置较灵活 Sometimes, he(He sometimes ) goes home for lunch.

有时候,他回家吃午饭。

注:形容词前可加the/ these/ those等,当作名词用,表示“某一类/某些/某个人(事/物)”。成对的形容词这样用时也可省去the。 e.g.

the poor穷人们 those dead死去的那些人们 high and low 高低贵贱的人

三、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级

1．形容词、副词比较等级构成

1) 大多数单音节adj./adv.和少数以-er,-ow,-le,-y结尾的双音节adj./adv.,加后缀-(e)r/-(e)st,变成比较级和最高级词形。

①直接加-er/-est

②以-e结尾的只加-r/-st

③结尾是重读音节并且是“辅音字母＋元音字母＋辅音

字母”,双写结尾字母再加-er/-est

④以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，变i为y，再加-er/-est

adj. thick thicker the thickest

adv. soon sooner (the) soonest

adj. noble nobler the noblest

adv. wide wider (the) widest

adj. big bigger the biggest

adj. easy easier the easiest

adv. early earlier (the) earliest

2) 多音节的和许多双音节的adj./adv.,以及部分加词缀-ly等变来或由分词变来的adj. adv.,加前缀more、most构成比较等级形式。 e.g.

interesting more interesting the most interesting一些

单、双音节词real more real the most real一些派生词tiresome more tiresome the most tiresome由分词变来的tired more tired the most tired多音节词probably more probably (the)most probably大部分双音节词seldom more seldom (the) most seldom派生词slowly more slowly (the) most slowly

① 当今英语似有多用more和most构成比较等级的趋势。尤其在作“表语”,并且后接“than”结构时,多用这种变化形式。e.g.

fit－fitter－fittest

如：He’s more fit than anyone else.他比别人更合适。

② 加-ly后只能作adv.用的,一般加more、most；若可作 adj.,大都变-ly为-lier、-liest。e.g.

lovely (adj./adv./n.)－lovelier－loveliest/more lovely

－most lovely

quickly (adv.) －more quickly－ most quickly

③ adj.最高级前的the不能有；adv.最高级前的the可省。

3) 许多词变比较等级时,前面加more/most或词尾加-er/-est都可。

如：able, clear, clever, correct, cruel, dear, free, friendly,

happy, handsome, likely, lively, often, pleasant, right, simple, quiet, solid, strange, strict, stupid, wrong, etc.

①cruel－crueler/more cruel－cruelest/most cruel

②often－oftener/more often－oftenest/most often

4)不规则变化。

①good/well better best

②many/much more most

③little less(lesser) least

④ill/bad/badly worse(worser)worst

⑤far (距离)farther farthest (程度)further furthest

⑥late (时间)later latest (顺序)latter last

⑦old (年岁)older oldest (排行)elder eldest

2．比较等级基本句型

あ賏s＋原级adj.＋as…

as＋原级adv.＋as…

表示两者之间某种性质程度相等 e.g.

The sheets are as white as snow (is).床单雪白。

He got up as early as usual. 他起得同平常一样早。

②not as (so)＋原级adj.＋as…

not as (so)＋原级adv.＋as…

表示前者某方面与后者不一样或不如后者

She is not as tall as he.她与他不一样高。/她没有他高。

She does not run so fast as he.她跑得没他快。

③比较级adj.＋than…

比较级adv.＋than…

表示前者某方面性质的程度更甚于后者

Her hair is longer than yours.她的头发比你的长。

A car goes faster than a truck.汽车比卡车跑得快。

④Which＋v.＋比较级adj., adv.,＋A or B？

在两者间进行比较并要求作出抉择

Which is stronger, Tom or Jack？汤姆和杰克,哪个力气大？

Which runs faster, Tom or Jack？汤姆和杰克谁跑得快些？

⑤比较级adj.＋and＋比较级adj.(越来越……)

比较级adv.＋and＋比较级adv.(越来越……)

在“系动词”后作表语，作定语在名词前，作状

在动词后。

It gets warmer and warmer.天气越来越暖和。

We have more and more friends.我们的朋友越来越多。

He ran faster and faster.他跑得愈来愈快。

⑥最高级adj./adv.＋比较范围(of…/in…等)

用于三者及其以上范围；of接与主语同类的名词

He is the tallest of the three.他是这三人中最高的。

He runs fastest in his class.他是全班跑得最快的。

⑦比较级＋than, if… as＋原级＋as；as＋原级＋as, if…比较级＋than

所用各等级各自的结构都要完整、明确

His work is as good, if not better than, as yours.

他的工作即使不比你的更好,也与你的一样。

附：几个较特殊的比较等级句型：

① “the same (＋名)＋as”:“与…一样”。 e.g.

This river is the same length as that one.(＝as long as)这条河与那条河一样长。

② “the＋比较级＋of the(二者)”: “(两者)中较…的”。e.g.

He is the braver of the two boys.

他是这两个男孩中较勇敢的一个。

③ “less＋原级＋than”:“比…更不…”。(相当于“not so＋原级＋as”。) e.g.

This book is less difficult than that one.(＝not so difficult as) 这本书没那本书那么难。

④“the＋比较级＋…,the＋比较级＋…”:“越…就越…”。

应记住“比较级”前的定冠词“the”不能省。第二部分是

“主句”,第一部分是起“条件状语从句”作用的,故不使用“将来时态”。 e.g.

The harder you work, the greater progress you’ll make.(＝If you work harder, you’ll make greater progress). 你越努力,进步就越大。

⑤ “more and more＋原级”:“越来越…”。(＝比较级＋and＋比较级)e.g.

He is more and more active in sports.

他对参加体育运动越来越积极了。

(注意,这种句型结构后不接than。)

3．几个含意特殊的比较结构

1) more than接“名词”时表示“不仅”；接“形容词、副词、动词”时表示“非常”。 e.g.

①It’s more than a gift；it’s our love.这不仅是件礼品,它代表了我们的爱心。

② We were more than excited at the news.听到这个消

息时我们极其兴奋。

2) more (A) than (B)表示“是A而不是B”或“与其说是B,不如说是A”。 e.g.

①He is more good than bad.他象是好而不是坏。

②He’s more like a spear than anything else.与其说他象别的东西,不如说他象支梭镖。

③She was more sad than angry.与其说她是在生气,不

如说是难过。

3) no more than (＋数词/名词)表示“仅仅,只不过”(感叹

其“少、小”)。

no more than (＋句子)表示“与…都不…”(主句和从句

同时否定)。 e.g.

①His schooling is no more than one year.

他仅上了一年学。

②He is no more than an officer.他

不过是一名军官罢了。

③Tom was no wiser than Mike.汤姆和迈克一样蠢(不

聪明)。(从句中省略了谓语部分。)

4) not more than(＋数词)表示“不多于…”。(not＋比较级＋than＋句子:“不比…更…”。) e.g.

①There’re not more than 800 students in this school.

这所学校的学生不会超过八百人。

②He did not get up earlier than I (did).他起得不比我早。

5) no less than (＋数词)表示“多达…”。(感叹其多)。e.g.

No less than fifty were wounded.受伤者多达五十人。

6) not less than (＋数词)表示“不少于…”。e.g.

There were not less than a thousand visitors.游客不下一千人。

7) more or less表示“有点(＝a little bit)；几乎(＝nearly, almost)；大约(＝about)；全然(＝at all)”。e.g.

①He was more or less willing to help.他多少有些愿意帮忙。

②The work’s more or less completed.这工作差不多完成了。

③The repairs to the car will cost f50 more or less.修这辆车大概要花50镑左右。

④His suggestions are not practical, more or less.他的建议毫不实际。

8) no longer/not…any longer“不再”。(表示“不再持续”。)

At last, after a year he could not wait any longer.

一年后,他终于再也不能等待了。

9) no more/not…any more “不再”。(表示“量”不再迭加。修饰动词时,指“次数”不再迭加)。 e.g.

①The baby watched and listened. She didn’t cry any more.婴儿看着、听着,再也不哭了。(指不再次重复某动作。)

②Some more meat？No, no more, thanks.

再吃点肉吧？不再要了,谢谢。

10) No sooner…than “一…就…”。 e.g.

No sooner had we got home than it began pouring.

我们刚一到家,就下起大雨来。

(主句主谓倒装,用过去完成时；than从句用一般过去时。)

11) (a) most… “非常”。(这种用法中,可不用冠词,也可用“a/an”。) e.g.

①It’s most beautiful.真是美极了！

②Marx was a most learned man.马克思是学识非常渊博的人。

12) not/never/nothing+比较级“再…不过/最…”。e.g.

①It can’t be better.最好。(＝It’s the best.)

②It couldn't be worse.最差不过。(＝It’s the worst.)

13) as +原级A(adj./adv.)+ as +原级B(adj./adv.)“既…又…”或“又…又…”。e.g.

①This method is as simple as practical.

这种方法既简单又实用。

②The wheel turns as fast as stably.

轮子转得又快又稳。

14) as + adj.(原级A) + as(代词+be)+ adj.(原级B)“(并列)不但…而且…/(转折)虽然…但…”。 e.g.

①She is as gifted as (she is) diligent.她不但有天赋而且勤奋。

②Tie wheel turns as fast as(it turns)stable.这个轮子转起来又快又稳。

③ That piece of porcelain is as fragile as(it is)precious.那片瓷器很脆,但很珍贵。

④Tie lady is as old as(she is) energetic.这位妇女虽然年迈,却仍然精力旺盛。

15) as + adj. / adv.(原级A) + as + adj. / adv. (原级A)“再…不过/最…/极其…”。(加强语气) e.g.

①it is as plain as plain.那是再明白不过的了。

②What you said is as wrong as wrong.你说的话大错特错。

③Tie old lady is as kind as kind.这位老太太最善良。

④His achievements made him as proud as proud.

他的成就使他感到极其自豪。

16) as + adj./adv.(原级) + as + possible(代词+can/could)

“尽可能…/尽量…”。 e.g.

Come as soon as possible. (＝Come as soon as you can.) 尽快来吧。

17)也有用as + adj. / adv.(原级) + as + any(man)alive(anything/ anyone in tie world/ever lived/need be/...)表示“最…/极为…”。(极限程度)

e.g.

①He is as clever as any man alive.他的聪明绝不亚于任何人。

②She studies as hard as anyone in the world.她学习比任何人都努力。

③This general is as brave a man as ever lived.

这位将军是古今中外少有的勇士。

④Tom was as wise a chap as need be.

汤姆是个极其明智的小伙子。

18) 有些“as … as”结构有固定的含义。 e.g.

as well as(与…一样好/也); as good as(实际/几乎等于…);as early as(早在…); as soon as(一…就…); as long as(达…之久/只要…就…); as far as(远达…/就…来说); as often as not(时常/屡次); as …again as(是…的两倍); as…as anything(非常地/无可比拟地); not so much as(竟然…也不/也没…); as much as to say(等于说); as likely as not(或许/多半); as little as may be(越少越好); …等。

4．比较等级用法注意要点

(1)、比较结构方面的错误

应避免多词、少词或构词错误等。e.g.

①(误)She works more harder than I.

(正)She works (much)harder than I.

她比我努力(得多)。

分析:“harder”已是“比较级”形式,前面不能再加more。

②(误)The earlier you start, sooner you’ll be back.

(正)The earlier you start, the sooner you’ll be back.

早动身,早归来。

分析:“early”的比较级应是“earlier”；“the＋比较级”＋“the

＋比较级”的固定句型中主句和从句开头的定冠词“the”

不能遗漏。

③(误)He runs fast as I do.

(正)He runs as fast as I (do).

他和我跑得一样快。

分析:“as…as”结构要保持完整。

(2)、比较对象方面：比较对象应清楚、正确。e.g.

① (误)Her English is as fluent as I.

(正)Her English is as fluent as mine.

(正)She speaks English as fluently as I(do).

她讲英语和我一样流利。

分析:“Her English”应与“mine”(＝my English)比较；而“She”才能与“I”比较。

②(误)He runs faster than any boy in his class.

(正)He runs faster than any other boy in his class.

(正)He runs (the)fastest (of the boys) in his class.

他比他班上任何男孩都跑得(更)快/他是他班上男生中跑得最快的。

分析:“faster”是比较级,用于“两者间”比较；“He”要与“他

班上”除开He本人以外“的”任何男生比,所以加other,“比

较对象”才正确。若用最高级(fastest),则是包括“He”在内

班上所有的男生一起作比较。

(3)、“替代”、“省略”

应保证句义和结构正确、清楚。e.g.

①比较状语从句的行为动词或整个谓语常用“do, does, did”替代。若从句谓语中有“be动词、助动词或情态动词”,则用相应的“be动词、助动词”或“情态动词”替代。e.g.

A) I spend as much time watching TV as he ______.

A. writes B. does writing

C. writing D. is writing

答案: B。译文:我看电视和他写作花的时间一样多。

分析:“does”替代“spends time”；“(in)writing”表示“在写作

方面”(in可省),与“watching TV”(“在看电视方面”)构成对

照比较。

B) Try as hard as you can.尽力试试。(这里,“can”替代“can try hard”。)

②比较结构中“替代词“that/one/ones/the one/the ones/those”的用法:

A) 泛指:表示“任哪一个/些…”。 例句

I. one可数名词单数

An iron bridge is stronger than one built of stone.

铁桥比石桥坚固。

II. ones可数名词复数

Small bananas are often better than bigger ones.

小香蕉常常比大香蕉好吃。

B) 特指:表示“…的(那种/个/些)…”。 例句

I. that不可数名词

The water in wells is cleaner than that in rivers.

井水比河水干净。

II. the one或that可数名词单数

The book in your hand is cheaper than the one (that) on the shelf.你手上的这本书比书架上那本便宜些。

III. the ones或those可数名词复数

The students in Class V work as hard as the ones (those) in Class VI.

五班的学生和六班的学生一样用功。

e.g. 冬天北京的天气比成都冷。

I. The weather is colder in winter in Beijing than it in Chengdu.(误)

II. The weather is colder in winter in Beijing than that in Chengdu.(正)

III. It’s colder in Beijing in winter than (it is) in Chengdu.(正)

分析:第I句中,应是两个各不相同的“weather”之间比较。从句的weather由in Chengdu限定,不是主句那个weather,因而不能用“it”代(it指代上文涉及的那一事/物本身),只能用that替代这个“特指的不可数名词”。也可如第III句那样,主句、从句各自用非人称代词“it”表示“天气”,作主语。

(4)含“绝对”意义,无比较等级变化的adj./adv.

① 这类词通常有:absolute(ly)(绝对的/地),final(ly)(最终的/地),first, last, only, golden(金色的),dead, black, hopeless, excellent(ly),perfect(ly), primary(首要的), right(正确、右边), left(左边),living(活的), round(圆的), square(方的),total(ly)(总的/地), monthly, full(y), etc. e.g.

(误)This is my most favorite novel.

(正)This is my favorite novel. 这是我最喜欢的小说。

分析:“favorite”本身含“最喜欢”之义,无比较等级形式。

②但其意义转化或作比喻意义使用时,也有用于比较

等级的。お

（三）高考热点预测

[例1]

Although I can walk about, there is still a ________ pain

in my leg. (上海春)

A. weak B. slight C. tender D. soft

[名师讲解] 答案：B。句意：尽管我可以四处走动，但我的腿还是有点儿轻微的疼痛。

[细节与高分] 本题考查了以下四个词的语义差别：weak身体弱，无力气的，容易被击败的，功能不佳的，无说服力的；slight不严重的，轻微的，细长的；tender脆弱的，心肠软的，温和的，文雅的，（肉）嫩的，柔软的；soft软的，光滑柔软的，（光线、色彩）柔和的，（风）温和的，（声音）轻柔的，有同情心的，缺乏勇气的。上题题干中指疼痛的程度是“轻微的”，故A、C、D三项都不恰当。

[例2]

Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _______ she

was getting. (NMET 2004)

A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest

[名师讲解] 答案：A。句意：玛丽不断地称体重，看看体重增了多少。本题的语境决定了Mary想要知道自己的体重变化情况。

[细节与高分]much作副词时，不能修饰一般形容词、副词的原级形式，而：①常与否定动词连用；②与作形容词的过去分词以及以a-开头的表语形容词连用；③与形容词的比较级和最高级连用。此题易错选B项，注意，

我们可以说how heavy，但不可以说how much heavy。我们可以另设一个情景：Mary weighed herself to see how heavy she was. 玛丽称了一下，看自己的体重是多

（四）高考提高训练

1. My parents will move back into town in a year or_______. (05NI/II)

A. later B. after C. so D. about

答案：C。“a year or so”意为“一年左右”。

2. -- Is your headache getting ________?

-- No, it’s worse. (05NIII)

A. better B. bad C. less D. well

答案：A。“get better”意为“好些了”。

3. John is very lazy. He falls ______ behind in his studies. (05广东)

A. very B. far C. more D. still

答案：B。程度状语“far”意为“远远地/ 大大地”。

4. The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him _______ I did. (05湖南)

A. as much as B. as long as

C. as soon as D. as far as

答案：A。“as much as I did(=loved him)”修饰“loving him”，意为“曾那么甚地(爱过他)”。

5. My mother always gets a bit ______ if we don’t arrive when we say we will. (05浙江)

A. anxious B. ashamed C. weak D. patient

答案：A。“anxious”在这里意为“焦急”。

6. Maggie has been fortunate to find a job she loves and, ______, she gets well paid for it.

A. sooner or later B. what’s more

C. as a result D. more or less (05浙江)

答案：B。“what’s more”意为“而且/另外”，表示“程度更进一步”。

7. Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen ______ this year. (05浙江)

A. the best B. better

C. the most D. more

答案：B。意为“我今年还见过(比这)更好的成绩”。

8. If it is quite to you, I will visit you next Tuesday.

(05天津)

A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable

答案：A。意为“如果你很方便的话”。

9. -- Have you been to New Zealand? (05山东)

-- No. I’d love to, _______.

A. too B. though C. yet D. either

答案：B。“though”这里作副词用，置句末，意为“可是

/然而”。注意，“though”这里不能换用“although”。

10. Mr. Smith owns _____ collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met. (05山东)

A. larger B. a larger

C. the large D. a large

答案：B。意为“一项(数量)更大的收藏品”。

11. -- Must I turn off the gas after cooking?

-- Of course. You can never be _________careful with that.

A. enough B. too C. so D. very

答案：B。意为“你对此应越小心越好”。

12. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ___ she was getting.

A. heavier B. heavy

C. the heavier D. the heaviest

答案：A。句意是“玛丽总是在量体重，看长重了多少”;

与原体重比, 所以用“比较级”。

13. I must be getting fat -- I can ______ do my trousers up.

A. fairly B. hardly C. nearly D. seldom

答案：B。上文“我一定长胖了”是从下文“裤子几乎不能穿”推测而知。

14. When we plan our vacation, mother often offers _____ suggestions.

A. careful B. practical

C. effective D. acceptable

答案：B。“practical”意思是“实用的”。

15. It is re ported that the United States uses _____ energy as

the whole of Europe.

A. as twice B. twice much

C. twice much as D. twice as much

答案：D。“倍数+ as…as…”。

16. Lizzie was _______to see her friend off at the airport.

A. a little more than sad B. more than a little sad

C. sad more than a little D. a little more sad than

答案：B。“more than”在这里意思是“非常/ 很”。

17. If you can't come tomorrow, we'll _______have to hold the meeting next week.

A. yet B. even C. rather D. just

答案：D。“just have to”在此意为“只好”。

18. Mr. Smith used to smoke but he has given it up.

A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly

答案：D。从下文看是“smoke heavily”表示“吸烟吸得厉害”。

19. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _____ a native speaker.

A. as fluent as B. more fluent than

C. so fluently as D. much fluently than

答案：C。意为“像讲母语者那样流利”，修饰“speaks”。

20. Most people on this island are recreational fishers, and ________, fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time.

A. accidentally B. purposefully

C. obviously D. formally

答案：C。“obviously”意为“很显然”。

21. In _______Chinese culture, marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children.

A. traditional B. historic C. remote D. initial

答案：A。“traditional” 意为“传统的”。

22. Some people like dirking coffee, for it has _______ effects.

A. promoting B. stimulating

C. enhancing D. encouraging

答案：B。“stimulating”有“刺激/ 使兴奋”之意。

23. ______ students are required to take part in the boat race.

A. Ten strong young Chinese

B. Ten Chinese strong young

C. Chinese ten young strong

D. Young strong ten Chinese

答案：A。“多个前置并列定语”的一般顺序是“限定词 – 一般描绘 – 大小 – 性质 – 色彩 – 长幼/新旧– 国籍/出处 – 材质 – 用途/类别 -- / .. + 中心词”。其“一般原则”是：修饰/限定语越具“实质/具体”性，就越靠近“中心词”。

24. The_________ house smells as if it hasn't been lived in for years.

A. little white wooden B. little wooden white

C. white wooden little D. wooden white little

答案：A。(同上题)

25. That doesn't sound very frightening, Paul. I've seen . What did you like most about the film?

A. better B. worse C. best D. worst

答案：B。意为“(比这)更糟的”。“frightening”含“贬义”，所以排除A。

26. It is _____ any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.

A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly

答案：D。“hardly any”=“no”。

27. Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always _______ much to do.

A. such B. that C. more D. very

答案：B。“that”在此等于“so”。

28. The great success of this programme has been ______ due to the support given by the local businessmen.

A. rather B. very C. quickly D. largely

答案：D。“largely”意为“很大程度上”。

29. The number of people present at the concert was _______ than expected. There were many tickets left.

A. much smaller B. much more

C. much larger D. many more

答案：A。“来听音乐会的人的数目比预计少了许多”，所以“剩了许多票”。

30. Our neighbor has _______ ours.

A. as a big house as

B. as big a house as

C. the same big house as

D. a house the same big as

答案：B。前一个“as”作副词修饰“big”，所以冠词“a”后移。

31. Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being .

A. graceful B. fashionable

C. particular D. feasible

答案：B。意为“时髦/时尚”。A:“优雅”；C:“挑剔/讲究”；D:“可行的”。

32. All the people _______ at the party were his supporters.

A. present B. thankful

C. interested D. important

答案：A。意为“出席/在场的”。

33. -- You don't look very ____. Are you ill?

-- No, I'm just a bit tired.

A. good B. well C. strong D. healthy

答案：B。“well”作表语时可表示“in good health(健康/ 身

体好)”。

34. Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ________,

neither of them could swim.

A. In fact B. Luckily

C. Unfortunately D. Naturally

答案：C。“跌入海里又不会游泳”当然是“不幸”的。

35. -- I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.

-- You can never be ____ careful in the street.

A. much B. very C. so D. too

答案：D。“cannot/never be too careful; cannot/never be careful enough”表示“再小心也不过分/越小心越好”。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇5：形容词副词经验规律 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

形容词 副词

经验 规律

形容词、副词通过几年的高考试题的分析不难看出1）涉及形容词、副词比较级的对象、范围的考点很多，所以加强对此部分的理解和掌握显得尤为重要。2）考题中形容词、副词比较级的用法灵活多样，如用比较级形式表最高级含义，古应特别注意积累和归纳。3）as…as…结构的基本模式尤其它的变体形式比较复杂，考生对此不可以掉以轻心。4）高考题中常出现考查多个形容词作前置定语的用法。因为当几个形容词同做定语时，如何排列它们的顺序成了难点，很多考生只是凭感觉，缺乏理性指导，所以容易出错。

知识点归纳:

（一）形容词的作用

1. 作定语： 特别注意多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序。

2. 作表语：通常与系动词be , get , grow , become , feel , appear, prove , seem, look, keep, smell,

taste, sound , turn, remain 等连用。

如: Our classroom is clean. The weather is getting cooler and cooler.

3. 作宾补: 如：The news made every one happy.

4. 与定冠词一起表示某一类人或物，在句中可作主语、宾语。

如:The rich and the poor live very different lives.

5. 作状语，表示伴随状况、原因、结果等。如

He went to bed, cold and hungry.

She stared into the distance, speechless for a moment.

（二）副词的作用

1. 作状语：通常修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。如

2. 作表语，如：One of the tyres is down.

3. 作定语，如：The population here is getting smaller and smaller.

One my way home, I saw an old lady sitting under a tree alone.

4. 作宾补（副词构成复合宾语的情况较少），如：

I saw Mrs Green out with her husband.

5. 构成短语

表示位置的副词可与动词构成短语，表示特定的意思。如

pick out (挑选)，turn up （露面）

（三）容易出错的几个注意点

1. 下列以a-开头的形容词通常只用作表语：

afraid, alike , alive , alone, asleep, awake, ashamed , afloat (飘浮的), aware (知道的)等。

另外，unable, content (满足的), all（身体）好的，ill（生病的），通常不可用作定语；ill 作定语时， 通常是“坏的，邪恶的”意思。尽管现在已有人用ill作前置定语表示生病的，well表示健康的，习惯上还是用sick, healthy等作前置定语为好。

以上所列词汇中，afraid , alive, alone, awake 可用作后置定语，如

a man afraid (害怕的人)，

the greatest man alive (健在的最伟大的人)

the only child awake （唯一醒着的孩子）

The people , and the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world history.

人民，只有人民，才是创造世界历史的动力。

注意：

(1)多数以a-开头的形容词不直接用very修饰，通常习惯说法如：

very much alone 非常孤单的/wide awake 十分清醒的/sound / fast asleep 熟睡的

(2)以a-开头的形容词本身带有副词来修饰时，可以用作前置定语，如

a fast asleep boy 熟睡的男孩；the wide awake soldiers 十分清醒的士兵

2. 有些形容词（如wooden）通常不能用作表语。我们不说The table is wooden 而应改为

The table is of wood. 或The table is made of wood.

不能用作表语，只能作定语的常用形容词还有：inner 内部的，outer 外部的， former 较前的, latter 较

后的，utter完全的，upper上面的，real真正的，mere仅仅的，live[laiv]活的，sheer纯粹的，only唯一的，aged年老的

3. 有些形容词（如possible）作表语时，通常不用“人”作主语。

我们不说He is possible to attend the meeting.

而应该说It is possible for him to attend the meeting.

这类形容词常见的有： possible, improbable, convenient, inconvenient等

注意：这类句型中当动词不定式与句子主语存在着逻辑动宾关系时，主语用“人”是可以的，如

He is impossible to teach. = It is impossible to teach him.

下句也是正确的：

She is necessary to get along well with.

4. worth, worthwhile 和worthy

1) be worth 表示“价值”时，后面可以直接接名词或-ing形式；

2) 在It is worth while 结构中，it 为形式主语，后面可接-ing形式，也可接动词不定式

3) worthy 可修饰名词作定语，如a worthy man 可尊敬的人， a worthy life 有价值的 / 有意义的生活，

与 of 连用时可作后置定语，如a cause worthy of support 值得支持的事业。

worthy of 作表语时，后面可接名词或-ing形式（常用其被动式）

4) worthy后面也可接动词不定式，被动含义时也须用不定式的被动式。

5. 有些副词与形容词形式相同，表示同一含义，常见的有：early , late , fast , high , straight

6. 副词的位置

1) 修饰形容词和其它副词时，通常放在被修饰词之前，但enough一词例外。如

This is a very useful tool

He doesn't work hard enough.

2) 频度副词 (often , usually , seldom , hardly , never, sometimes, always等)要放在实义动词的前面，

be 动词、助动词、情态动词的后面。如

We often go to the park..

He is always ready to help others.

3) 地点副词、时间副词、方式副词常位于句末。如

I remember that I met him somewhere.

Everything went smoothly.

4) 同时出现几种副词时的排列顺序：方式副词→地点副词→时间副词。如

He made his model plane perfectly there yesterday.

5) 作定语的副词放在被修饰词之后。

People here are very friendly to me.

7. 某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。

如friendly , comradely , lively , lovely, lonely, likely, deadly , silly , orderly

8. 有些副词有两种形式（加-ly后变为另一副词），但意义不同，使用时应予注意。

如： late 迟， 晚 lately近来, high 高 highly 高度地

（四）形容词和副词的比较等级用法

1. 两者相比（A=B），用“as + 原级 + as”表示

2. 两者相比（A

3. 两者相比（A>B）， 用“比较级+than”表示。

4. 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”表示，这种句型中常有表示比较范围的

介词短语。

Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.

He works (the )hardest in his class.

说明：(1)用比较级句型表达最高级含义时，应注意避免和包括自身的对象比。常用句型为：

比较级 + than +

(2)比较级句型和同级比较句型中出现否定词no , never , nothing等，也可表达最高级含义。

I love nothing better than swimming . (= I love swimming best.)

I have never seen as old a car as this. (= This is the oldest car I've ever seen.)

(3)最高级可以被序数词以及much , by far , nearly , almost, by no means, not quite , not really , nothing like

等词语所修饰。

(4)表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent , extreme , perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。

5. 比较级的一些常用句型

1) 表示“几倍于…”时，用“倍数+as…as”或“倍数+比较级+than”两种结构。

2) 用“比较级 + and + 比较级”表示“越来越…”

3) 用“the + 比较级, the + 比较级”表示“越…，越…”。

4) 表示size , weight , length , width, height等的倍数，用“倍数+the (size , weight…)+of …”结构。

5) 比较级前的修饰语可用表示程度或数量的词或短语，主要有：even, still , much, far, any

(用于否定句或 疑问句), a lot , a great deal, by far, a little , a bit , three times, two metres 等。

6) 表示“两者中间…的一个”，比较级前要加the，即“the + 比较级 + of the two”结构。

7) no more than = only 或 as … as 只有， 仅仅

not more than = at most 至多，不超过

8) no less than 有…之多 not less than 不少于

知识点训练

(一) 经典试题回顾

⑴--How was your recent visit to Qingdao ?

--It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the _____ days at the seaside.(NMET 95)

A. few last sunny B. last few sunny

C. last sunny few D. few sunny last

⑵Can you believe that in ______ a rich country there should be _____ many poor people ? (同上)

A. such , such B. such , so C. so , so D. so , such

⑶Wait till you are more ______, It's better to be sure than sorry. (NMET 97)

A. inspired B. satisfied C. calm D. certain

⑷Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _____known for his plays. (NMET 98)

A. the best B. more C. better D. the most

⑸____ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (NMET 2000)

A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students

C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave

⑹It's always difficult being in a foreign country, _____ if you don't speak the language.

A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially (同上)

⑺John plays football _____, if not better than, David. (NMET 94)

A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as

⑻We all write ______, even when there's not much to say. (同上)

A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less

⑼_____ I'd like _____ information about the management of your hotel, please.

_____ Well, you could have _____ word with the manager. He might be helpful. (NMET 95)

A. some , a B. an , some C. some , some D. an ,a

⑽If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ____ great it is. (同上)

A. what B. how C. however D. whatever

⑾We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ____. (NMET 96)

A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily

⑿How beautifully she sings ! I have never heard _____. (同上)

A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice

⒀In that case, there is nothing you can do ____ than wait. (NMET 2001 北京内蒙安微春季)

A. more B. other C. better D. any

⒁I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a (an) ____ trick.（同上）

A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D . simple

⒂ _____ role she played in the film ! No wonder she has won an Oscar. (NMET 2002 上海春季)

A. How interesting B. How an interesting

C. What interesting D. What an interesting

⒃The magazine is a(n) _____ number. You can take it out of the reading-room. (同上)

A. back B. past C. old D. former

⒄It is good for elderly people to be _____ involved in community service. (同上)

A. honestly B. patiently C. eagerly D. actively

⒅Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _____ to carry all the way home. (NMET 2003)

A. much too heavy B. too much heavy

C. heavy too much D. too heavy much

⒆____ I'm very ______ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. (NMET 2002

A. pleasant, pleased B. pleased, pleased 北京内蒙安微春季)

C. pleasant, pleasant D. pleased, pleasant

⒇Two-middle aged passengers fell into the sea. _______, neither of them could swim.

A. In fact B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Naturally

答案：1-5 BBDCC 6-10 DBAAC 11-15 DDBDD 16-20 ADADC

（二）巩固练习

1. There are many _____ computers in the department store.

A. last B. later C. latest D. latter

2. “Have you ever been to Paris ?”

“Yes, I've _____ been there.”

A. once B. ever C. almost D. nearly

3. He uses his car _____ for going hunting.

A. mostly B. most C. almost D. nearly

4. The plane flew _____ in the sky and the people spoke ____ of the experienced pilot.

A. highly ; highly B. high ; high C. high ; highly D. highly ; high

5. The more ____ we unite, the stronger we become.

A. close B. closely C. closed D. closedly

6. Huggins does the work with _____ care.

A. big B. very C. much D. great

7. It's _____ that we'd better go for a walk.

A. so a beautiful night B. such beautiful a night

C. so beautiful a night D. a night so beautiful

8. The Mississippi River is longer than _____ in the U.S.A.

A. any river B. any other rivers C. any other river D. all the rivers

9. He is so ill that _____ hope is left.

A. a little B. little C. a few D. few

10. The buses run every ____ minutes.

A. other B. many C. a few D. few

11. ____ food is better than none.

A. Any B. Little C. A little D. Every

12. “What do you think of the headmaster's address ?”

“I liked ____ of what he said.”

A. more B. several C. many D. much

13. Tom is _____ his height.

A. rather thin as to B. too thin for C. so thin for D. very thin of

14. “Jane was quite unfriendly.”

“I think she's _____ than unfriendly.”

A. shyer B. shier C. more shy rather D. more shy

15. “This cake is delicious.”

“Well, at least it's ______ the one I baked last week.”

A. as worse as B. as better than C. no worse than D. not better as

16. Harry treats his secretary badly. He seems to think she is the ____ person in the office.

A. less important B. lease important C. not more important D. not most important

17. “It's never _____ to learn.” Means “You can not be _____ old to learn.”

A. late enough ; very B. late ; so C. too late ; too D.very late ; only

18. He knew _____ little French that he couldn't make himself understood.

A. so B. such C. too D. very

19. “Jim seems to like this country.”

“Yes he is _____ here as he was at home.”

A. almost as happy B. as happy almost C. as almost happy D. almost happy as

20. She is older than _____ there years.

A. me for B. I am by C. I for D. me by

21. I think it's _____ for walking.

A. very much hot B. much very hot C. too much hot D. much too hot

22. I'm sure she expected to be back _____.

A. before long now B. now long before C. long before now D. now before long

23. John's record was ____ on the team.

A. not so good as all the players B. not so good as any players

C. not so good as any other players D. not so good as that players

24. They are ____ to arrive in time.

A. possible B. impossible C. likely D. like

25. Which one is correct ?

A. The reward is worthy B. That work is worthy of doing

C. This question is worthy to consider D. There is nothing worthy of being mentioned

26. We are studying ______ books now.

A. three physics very difficult B. very difficult three physics

C. very three difficult physics D. three very difficult physics

27. She has a _____ stamp.

A. green square valuable HongKong B. HowKong valuable square green

C. square valuable green HongKong D. valuable square green HongKong

28. The stars are ______ when there is no moon.

A.the brightest B. brightest C. more brighter D. much bright

29. He is the most famous musician _____.

A. live B. alive C. living D. lively

30. Bob _____ after he finished the heavy Job.

A. fell fast asleep B. fell sound sleep C. fell to asleep D. went to his sleep

31. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _____.

A. open B. to open C. to be opened D. opening

32. We don't care if a hunting dog smells _______, but we really don't want him to smell ____.

A. well ; badly B. well ; well C. badly ; bad D. bad ; bad

33. Can you believe that in _____ a rich country there should be ____ many poor people.

A. such ; such B. such ; so C. so ; so D. so ; such

34. The pianos in the other shop will be ______, but _____.

A. cheaper ; not as better B. much cheap ; not as better

C. cheaper ; not as good D. more cheap ; not as good

35. John plays football ______, if not better than David.

A. as well B. as well as C. so well D.so well as

36. “How did you find your visit to the museum ?”

“I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _____ than I expected.”

A. far more interesting B. even much interesting

C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting

37. The salesman showed her several bags and she chose _____ one as she didn't want to spend

too much money on it.

A. the less expensive B. the least expensive

C. less expensive D. least expensive

38. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _____ known for his plays.

A. the best B. more C. better D. the most

39. He had never spent a ______ day.

A. more worry B. most worrying C. more worrying D. most worried

40. How beautifully she sings ! I've never heard ______.

A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice

41. “Are you interested in her answer ?”

“Not at all . It couldn't have been _____.”

A. worse B. better C. so bad D. the worst

42. Which is ______ country, Canada or Australia ?

A. a large B. large C. a larger D. the larger

43. Paper produced every year is _____ the world's production of vehicles.

A. the three times weight of B. three times the weight

C. as three times heavy as D. three times as heavy as

44. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ____ money and ____ people.

A. less ; fewer B. less ; few C. less ; less D. fewer ; fewer

45. Some people are against the plan , but _____ support it.

A. much more B. many more C. no more D. any more

46. It's believed that _____ you work, ____ result you'll get.

A. the harder ; a better B. the more hard ; the more better

C. the harder ; the better D. more hard ; more better

47. The climate of Shanghai in summer is not so hot as _____.

A. Nanjing B. of Nanjing C. that of Nanjing D. in Nanjin

48. Though he was an _____, he was _____ in all kinds of _____.

A. action, active , activity B. actor , actively, activity

C. actor , active, activities D. activity, actor, active

49. Which is not an adverb ?

A. brotherly B. hardly C. on D. highly

50. This one is _____ too large. Give me a smaller one.

A. so B. very C. fairly D. rather

51. It is _____ to travel by air than by water.

A. much more excited B. a lot more exciting

C. a lot more excited D. much exciting

52. China Daily is _____ a newspaper , so it is helpful to us all.

A. no more than B. not more than C. more than D. less than

53. The book seems to be _____ like a dictionary ______ a grammar.

A. more ; than B. much ; than C. many ; rather than D. very instead of

54. This new type of TV set is very thin, and it is ______ than a one hundred-page book.

A. no thinner B. no thicker C. not thinner D. less thicker

55. The bookshelf is of ______ the other one.

A. the same height as B. as higher as C. high as D. the same high as

56. The new building is _____ the old one.

A. the size of five times B. five times big than

C. five times than the size of D. five times the size of

57. Betty stood _____ to her teacher and watched ______ what he was doing.

A. close ; closely B. close ; close C. closely ; close D. closely ; closely

58. He was hit by a bullet but _____ he was only ____ wounded.

A. lucky ; badly B. luckily ; badly C. luckily ; slightly D. lucky ; slightly

59. The boy looked _____ , but his weak breath suggested hat he was still _____.

A. dying ; alive B. dead ; living C. dead ; alive D. dying ; living

60. This is one of the best films. I've ever seen, it not _____.

A. the best B. best C. the better D. good

61. The water melon is _____ of the two.

A. worse far B. worst by far C. by far the worse D. far worse

62. “I'm as poor as you.” Means “_____”.

A. I'm not as rich as you B. I'm no richer than you

C. You're richer than I D. I'm even poorer

63. He looked _____ and looked _____ at the policeman.

A. calm ; calm B. calmly ; calmly C. calmly ; calm D. calm ; calmly

64. There must be ______ with the machine.

A. something wrong serious B. something serious wrong

C. something seriously wrong D. something wrong seriously

65. My father was _____ asleep and my mother was also ____ asleep.

A. fast ; sound B. deep ; deeply C. very ; well D. wide ; very

66. Tom is _____ any other student in his class.

A. so brightly a boy as B. as bright a boy as

C. as a bright boy as D. the same bright as

67. These problems are different in essence, so they should be dealt with _____.

A. totally B. specially C. separately D. particularly

68. To plant the tree , we must dig _____.

A. a hole three feet deep B. three-foot-deep a hole

C. a three-feet-deep hole D. a three feet deep hole

69. Those _____ glasses are too _____ for the child to reach.

A. high , high B. tall , tall C. tall , high D. high , tall

70. Which of the following sentence is wrong ?

A. He didn't catch as many birds as he had hoped

B. She looked after the children as gently as possible.

C. We ought to rest as much as possible.

D. They should work hard as possible as they can.

71. Yesterday we had a lecture given by a _____ teacher.

A. well-mannered , young school B. young, well-mannered school

C. well-mannered, school young D. school, well-mannered young

72. They said nothing , looking ____ at the headmaster.

A. sad B. worried C. excited D. coldly

73. The _____ amount of money was not known although they knew it was large.

A. real B. actual C. true D. all

74. I can't thank you _____ much for your kindness, because without your help I can't have succeeded

in the examination.

A. too B. very C. quite D. that

75. I'm not sure what time I'll arrive, maybe half past seven or a quarter to eight. _____, I'll be there as early as possible.

A. Anyhow B. However C. Thus D. Therefore

76. He's a slow learner. There is no reason, _____, to expel (开除) him from school.

A. though B. otherwise C. somehow D. therefore

77. ---You'd better be _____ about what happened in your family.

---Of course I will let no one else know it.

A. silent B. quiet C. calm D. speechless

78. ---Did you enjoy yourself at the party ?

---Sorry to say. I didn't. It was _____ a meeting than a party.

A. more of B. rather like C. less of D. more or less

79. Not _____, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.

A. obviously B. surprisingly C. particularly D. normally

80. It is generally true that the lower the stock markets fall, _____.

A. the higher the gold price raises B. higher the price of gold price

C. the higher the price of gold rises D. higher the gold price raises

答案: 1-5 CAACB 6---10 DCCBC 11---15 ADBDC

16-20 BCAAB 21-25 DCCCD 26---30 DDBBA

31---35 ACBCB 36---40 ABCCD 41---45 ADDAB

46---50 CCCAD 51---55 BCABA 56-60 DACCA

61---65 CBDCA 66---70 BCACD 71-75 ADBAA

76-80 AAABC

形容词、副词部分解析：

2. ever 多用于疑问句、否定句、比较状从和条件句中，通常不用于答语。

6. with care 用作状语，care 的修饰词可用special ，great , more 等。

11. any 用于肯定结构中意为“任意的”“任何的”。全句意为“有吃的总比没有好”。

15. no worse than 在本句中意为as good / delicious as (并不比…差；一样好)。

28. 本句中the stars 实际是“泛指”，不是与其它“星星”比较，没有表示范围的状语，故最高级形 容词前不用定冠词。

32. 本句中第一个smells是实义动词“嗅觉”，第二个smell是系动词“闻起来”。

38、39. 两句中都没有明显的连接比较状语从句的连词than， 属于“暗含比较句”。特别注意下列关于比较等级的句型。

51. “a lot more exciting … than … ” 比 … 更令人兴奋得多，a lot = much

52. 本句答案C：“more than”意为“不仅仅”“不只是”。

53. “more like … than …”“更象…而不是…”

54. 本题为并列句，前一句中明确告诉我们“…very thin”，故答案应为no thicker than = as thin as …

61. 本句中有“…of the two”, 指两者之间“更为…”，比较级worse 前面的定冠词不可省略。

62. 参见15题说明及54题。

72. 本题应用副词作状语，修饰“looking … at sb”，而不是“看起来+形容词作表语”的结构，四个选项中唯coldly 为adv.

74. “cannot …too …”意为“无论怎样也不过分”，常用于语气较强的肯定含义。

76. “though”作ad.常用于句末或句中，表示“然而，可是”“尽管如此”。又如：

He thinks I'm too easy-going. It doesn't matter though.

77. silent 有“沉默”“不表态”之意；quiet 安静，不出声；calm（情绪）镇定，平静；speechless未发言，不讲话，说不出话来。

78. “more of”意为“在更大程度上”，又如She's more of a singer than a nurse.

80. 本题为“the more … the more ”句型，the higher 后面所接句子的主语，“the gold price”和“the price of gold”皆可，但谓动只能用不及物动词“rises”，而不可用及物动词“raises”。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇6：语法复习十三：形容词和副词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法复习十三：形容词和副词

比较级和最高级及其使用

形容词的比较级和最高级

说 明 例 词

一般情况 加er, est smaller,smallest

以e 结尾 加r,st larger,largest

单音节词和少数多音节的形容词，加词尾er ,est 以“辅音字母+y ”结尾的词 改y为i，再加er,est busier,busiest

重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写末尾辅音字母，加er,est fatter,fattest

以ow,er结尾的双音节词 加er ,est narrower,narrowest cleverer,clevest

多数双音节和多音节的词 加more most more beautiful, most important

副词的比较级和最高级

1．大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more 和most 来构成比较级和最高级。

2．少数单音节副词，加er,est 构成其比较级和最高级 。

几个特殊的形容词和副词

原级 比较级 最高级

good ,well better best

bad, ill, badly worse worst

many ,much more most

little less least

far farther, further farthest,further

old older, elder oldest, eldest

比较级和最高级的常用句型

名称 句型 例句

相等 as 原形 as (as 原形+名词 as ) The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train. He has not as much money as his friend.

不及 not as(so) 原形 as (not as[so ]+名词+原形 as ) She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.

比较级+ than Health is more important than wealth.

超越 the +比较级+of the two 两者中较… 的一个 He is the taller of the two.

用于否定 no +比较级+than 和…一样不 He is no richer than I. 他和我一样不富有。

用于否定 最…不过 His work couldn't be worse. 他的工作再糟糕不过了。

程度递增 er and er，more and more+多音节词原级 (越来越…) higher and higher more and more important

两种情况同时变化 the +比较级，the+比较级 （越…，越…） The quicker you get ready, the sooner we'll be able to leave.

三者或三者以上比较 the +最高级+of/in+比较范围 （…之中最…） Of all things in the world, people are the precious.

比较级结构的修饰语

1．用于原级之前：

almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice,three times , a third,etc.

John is almost as tall as you.

The river is three times as long as that one.

We have a third as many students as we had last term.

2．用于比较级前

many, a few (用于“more +可数名词”前)

It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.

a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent,three times etc.

It's cold this year, but it's even colder last year.

We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.

3．用于形容词和最高级前

the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/second

This hat is by far the largest in the world.

Gold is the very most valuable of all materials .

位置与功能

高考重点要求

1．掌握形容词、副词比较级、最高级的常用句型及用法

2．掌握形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级修饰语及倍数的比较表达。

3．注意多外形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序。

4．分清常用同义与近义形容词在表达中的语义差别。

此项语法内容从1991年到达间共出现45次（包括上海题），可见其重要。

形容词作用与位置

1．定语。

在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定语的顺序。

“县官行令杀国才。”这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：

限（冠词[物主代词、指示代词]数词等）观 （描绘） 形（大小、形状等） 龄 （年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）

an interesting English film a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella

做后置定语。修饰由不定代词no ,any, some ，every和one,thing等构成的复合词或形容词短语。

2．表语。一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。

常见系动词有：be

变化系词： become, get ,turn, grow, go

保持系词： keep ,remain, stay

感观系词： look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc.

3.形容词作状语，表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。

He went to bed , cold and hungry.

4.做宾补。

N：①某些以a 开始的形容词只做表语，不做定语。

afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,awake，alive

②某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语

well, ill faint

③某些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。

friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, orderly 等。

④复合形容词的形式问题。

an 800-meter-wide river an English-speaking country a middle-aged man

副词

位置

1）时间副词和地点副词一般放于句尾。如同时出现，则地点副词在前。

They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday.

2)表频率的时间副词是高考的热点

always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放于行为动词之前，be词、情态动词和助动词之 后。

He is always telling lies,so I will never believe him.

3)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前（但 enough除外）

He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school.

N:有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly 结尾，但它们的含义是不同的。

closely-close nearly-near freely-free deeply-deep highly-high widely-wide 等。

以ly 结尾的词表较为抽象的含义，而与形容词同形的副词则表较为具体的概念。

He is highly praised for what he has done. (高度地)

He can see a bird is flying high in the sky.（飞得高，具有可见性）

练习、形容词和副词

高考题选：

1. John has three sisters. Mary is the ___ of the three. (MET88)

A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer

2. The students are___ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty. (MET88)

A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most

3. She told us ___story that we all forgot about the time. (MET88)

A. such an interesting B. such interesting a

C. so an interesting D. a so interesting

4. It is impossible for so___ workers to do so work in a single day. (MET88)

A. few, much B. few, many C. little, much D. little, many

5. The horse is getting old and can't run ___ it did. (MET88)

A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so fast as D. as fast as

6. The story sounds___ . (MET89)

A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true

7. I'd been expecting ___ letters the whole morning, but there weren't ___ for me. (MET89)

A. some; any B. many; a few C. some; one D. a few; none

8. This year they have produced ___ grain ___ they did last year. (MET89)

A. as less; as B. as few; as C. less; than D. fewer; than

9. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before. (MET90)

A. as twice many B. as many twice

C. twice as many D. twice many as

10. The pianos in the other shop will be , but______ . (MET90)

A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheaper; not as better

C. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good

11. ---Can I help you?

---Well, I'm afraid the box is___ heavy for you, but thank you all the same. (MET90)

A. so B. much C. very D. too

12.---Excuse me, is this Mr. Brown's office?

---I'm sorry, but Mr. Brown ___ works here. He left about three weeks ago. (MET90)

A. not now B. no more C. not still D. no longer

13. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ___ money and ___ people. (MET90)

A. less; less B. fewer; fewer C. less; fewer D. fewer; less

14. Oh, John. ___ you gave me! (MET90)

A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise

C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise

15. ---How did you find your visit to museum?

---I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was ___ than I expected. (MET91)

A. far more interesting B. even much interesting

C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting

16. Canada is larger than ___ country in Asia. (NMET91)

A. any B. any other C. other D. another

17. Those oranges taste___ . (MET91)

A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well

18. The experiment was ___ easier than we had expected. (NMET91)

A. more B. much more C. much D. more much

19. ___ food you've cooked! (NMET91 )

A. How a nice B. What a nice

C. How nice D. What nice

20. Go and get your coat. It's ___ you left it. (MET92)

A. there B. where C. there where D. where there

21. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes___ . (MET92)

A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening

22. ---Are you feeling ___?

---Yes, I' m fine now. (NMET92)

A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better

23. Which is___ country, Canada or Australia? (MET92)

A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger

24. ---Will you give this message to Mr. White, please?

---Sorry, I can't. He ___. (MET92)

A. doesn't any more work here B. doesn't any longer here work

C. doesn't work any more here D. doesn't work here any longer

25. How can you finish the drawing? (MET92)

A. often B. soon C. long D. rapid

26. ___ terrible weather we've been having these days! (MET92)

A. How a B. What a C. How D. What

27. It takes a long time to go there by train. It's___ by road. (MET93)

A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker

28. ___ from Beijing to London! (MET93)

A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it

C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is

29. She doesn't speak___ her friends, but her written work is excellent. (MET93)

A. as well as B. as often as C. so much as D. as good as

30. ---Mum, I think I'm___ to get back to school.

---Not really, My dear. You'd better stay at home for another day or two. (NMET93)

A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough

31. ---If you don't like the red coat, take the blue one.

---OK, but do you have size___ in blue? This one's a bit tight for me. (NMET93)

A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger

32. John plays footbal___ , if not better than, Davi. (NMET94)

A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as

33. We all write___ ,even when there's net much to say. (NMET94)

A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less

34. ---Do you remember ___ he came?

---Yes I do, he came by car. (NMET94)

A. how B. when C. that D. if

35. If there were no examinations, we should have ___at school. (NMET94)

A. the happiest time B. a more happier time

C. much happiest time D. a much happier time

36. ---Have you finished your report yet?

---No, I'll finish in___ ten minutes. (NMET95)

A. another B. other C. more D. less

37. ---I'd like ___ information about the management of your hotel, please.

---Well, you could have ___ word with the manager. He might be helpful. (NMET95)

A. some; a B. an; some C. some; some D. an; a

38. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty,___ great it is. (NMET95)

A. what B. how C. however D. whatever

39. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ____. (NMET96)

A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily

40. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard ___. (NMET96)

A. the better voice B. a good voice

C. the best voice D. a better voice

41. Tony is going camping with ___ boys. (NMET93)

A. little two other B. two little other

C. two other little D. little other two

42. ---How was your recent visit to Qingdao? (NMET95)

---It was great. We visited some friends, and spent ___the days at the seaside.

A. few last sunny B. last few sunny

C. last sunny few D. few sunny last

43. Can you believe that in ___ a rich country there should be _ many poor people? (MET95)

A. such; such B. such; so C. so; so D. so; such

44. Wait till you are more___ .It's better to be sure than sorry. (NMET97)

A. inspired B. satisfied C. calm D. certain

45. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ___ known for his plays. (NMET98)

A. the best B. more C. better D. the most

46.___ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (NMET2000 )

A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students

C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave

47. It's always difficult being in a foreign country, ___ if you don't speak the language. (NMET2000 )

A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially

48. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a (an) ___ trick. (2001 春招)

A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple

49. It is generally believed that teaching is___ it is a science. (NMET2001)

A. an art much as B. much an art as

C. as an art much as D. as much an art as

50.---I'm very ___with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.

---Mm, it does have a ___smell. (2002春招)

A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased

C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant

51.Boris has brains. In fact ,I doubt whether anyone in the class has ___IQ.

A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest

语法复习十三：形容词和副词

1．C．原题中的three sisters这一信息词语暗示考生要用最高级的形式。clever的最高级有两种：the most clever，the cleverest

2．C．mostly是副词，意思是：“主要地”，修饰整个句子。用most时应为most of the students；用almost通常说almost all+n.

3．A．such与so修饰名词时可这样使用。

so+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数

so many/few十可数名词复数 so much/little+不可数名词

4．A．few修饰可数名词的复数；much修饰不可数名词。

5．D．A、C项是语法错误。as…as之间不能用比较级形式。B项也是语法错误，than前没有比较级，把than变成as就对了。实际上not as…as=not more than．

6．D．sound是“听起来”的意思。它是系动词，其后接形容词做表语。类似的系动词还有look seem taste smell fell．

7．A．some常用在肯定句中，而any常用在否定、疑问和条件句中。

8．C．grain是不可数名词。A项是语法错误，as…as之间用原级，B项few不修饰grain，D项也如此。

9．C．表示倍数的词与其他表示程度的副词修饰as…as结构时，应放在其前面。

10．C．该题考查了考生是否掌握形容词比较级的两种形式，该句可理解为：The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper，but not as good as those in this shop.

11．D．此处可理解为the box is too heavy for you to carry．

12．D．no longer强调时间；no more强调数量和次数。

13．C．better这一信息词可暗示考生用比较级形式，less修饰不可数名词，fewer修饰可数名词的复数。

14．C．what与how修饰名词引起的感叹句：

what+a/an+形容词十单数可数名词

what+形容词+可数名词复数

what +形容词+不可数名词

How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数

注意what的用法与sach相似，how与so相似。且give s B. a surprise是惯用法。

15．A．用来修饰比较级的副词有：a little，a bit；even still；far，by far；a lot，a great deal；much，any(用于否定、疑问)；rather．

16．A．用比较级表示最高级的意思，用than+any other+单数名词(包括主语在内)或用any+单数名词(比较范围不包括主语在内)。因加拿大不属亚洲。如，把Asia改为North America，则B正确。

17．A．taste是系动词，后接形容词做表语。B项well如果是形容词，表示“身体好”。但Things are well with me．属于特殊情况。参看6题。

18．C．参看15题。

19．D．参看14题。

20．B．where引导表语从句，且where在表语从句中做地点状语。

21．A．当open做宾补时，一般用它的形容词，不用它的现在分词。又如：with his eyes open/closed

22．B．any修饰比较级时，一般用于疑问句和否定句中。

23．D．表示两者中“最…”的意思，用the+比较级。此句可理解Canada is the larger of the two countries.

24．D．no more与no longer变成not…any more或not…any longer时any more和any longer要置于句尾，可参看12题。

25 B．how often表示频率，与题意不符。how long句中的谓语动词应用延续性动词，是“多久”的意思。D项rapid是形容词不能修饰动词。How soon的回答词用in+时间，因此，全句的意思是：“在多长时间之内(或以后)你能画完画?”且句中谓语是瞬间动词。

26．D．可参看14题。weather是不可数名词。

27．D．此处可理解为It's quicker to go by road than by train．

28．D．参看14题。

29．A．原题中的but与excellent两个信息词可暗示考生，且not as…as相当于not more than，因此，该句的意思是：“她讲的不如朋友的好，但她的笔头好。”

30．C．well是形容词“身体好”的意思。这是It's+adj+enoush to do sth句型。该句意思是：“我身体已好，可以返回学校了。”

31．B．形容词的比较级修饰可数名词的单数时，前面不要忘了加a，泛指比较…的-个。例如，This shirt is a little larger．Could you show me a smaller one?

32．B．是29题的创新。该句的意思是：“如果不比David好的话，那么会跟David踢的一样好。”if not better than为插入语。

33．A．从even when there's not much to say这一信息句可知。now and then相当于sometimes，occasionally和from time to time，B项by and by=soon，C项step by step=gradually，D项more or less=about，修饰名词，但也可修饰动词，作状语。

34．A．从答语中by car可知，how问的是方式。

35．D．have a good/happy time是惯用法，much修饰比较级。参看31题。

36．A．more与another在表示“再、又”时，用法不同，more置于数词后面，而another置于数词的前面。

37．A．information是不可数名词。have a word with sb．相当于speak/talk to/with sb．与…谈话。

38．C．however是连接副词，修饰形容词great并引导一个让步4状语从句，意思是：“无论困难有多大。”

39．D．“下大雨”应说 “rain hard/heavily”．

40．D．意为：“我从未听过比她还好的噪音。”用比较级表达最高级的概念。

41．C．要知道形容词排列作定语的顺序。

42．B．与41题考查的目的相同。

43．B．可参看3题。

44．D．从下文It's better to be sure than sorry．即“确信要比后悔好”可知，填入D项。A、B、C项不符合逻辑。

45．C．该题考查副词用法。四个选项均为副词的比较级或最高级，题干的两个并列分句中，已给出some short stories和his plays这一特定的语境，表示二者之间的比较需用副词的比较级。well known是一惯用词组，意为“出名的”、“众所周知的”，well的比较级为better，故答案为C。

46．C．形容词作后置定语。enough为副词，修饰形容词brave，放在其后。

47．D．意为“在国外通常是困难的，特别是你不会说外语”。

48．D．意为“我很吃惊你竟然被这么简单的一个诡计愚弄了。”此处，只有用D项才能准确表达这种语气。

49．D．“教学更像是一门科学。”第一个as为副词。

50．D。

51．B。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇7：高考英语陷阱题总结--形容词与副词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

高考英语陷阱题总结归纳--形容词与副词

◆典型陷阱题分析◆

1. We don’t care if a hunting dog smells _____, but we really don’t want him to smell ____.

A. well, well B. bad, bad

C. well, badly D. badly, bad

【陷阱】容易误选B，认为两个smell 均为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。

【分析】这是1995年的一道上海高考题，最佳答案为D。句中的第一个 smell 为实义动词，意为“闻气味”、“嗅觉”，smell badly 意为“嗅觉差”；第二个 smell 为连系动词，意为“闻起来(有某种气味)”，smell bad 意为“闻起来气味难闻”。全句意为“我们并不介意一条猎狗的嗅觉不好，但我们的确不希望它的气味难闻”。

2. “_____ do you think of your English teacher?” “Oh, he is an _____ man.”

A. What, interesting B. What, interested

C. How, interesting D. How, interested

【陷阱】容易误选D，认为第一空应填 how，表示“如何”；第二空应填 interested，因为有的书上说 –ing 形容词主要说明事物，-ed 形容词主要说明人。

【分析】其实最佳答案应是A。英语中表示汉语的“你觉得……如何?”时，可用How do you like ...? 或 What do you think of ...? 注意两者搭配不同，即 like 与 how 搭配，think of 与 what 搭配。另一方面，有的书认为：-ing形容词说明事，-ed形容词说明人。此说法在很多情况下是可行的，但表述欠严谨。严谨的表述应该是：表示使(别)人感到如何, 用-ing形容词；表示人自己本身感到如何，用-ed形容词。比较：

All the children are interested. 所有的孩子都很感兴趣。

All the children are interesting. 所有的孩子都很有趣。

I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。

I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。

再比较：

He is frightened. 他很害怕。

He is frightening. 他很吓人。

He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。

He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带有吓人的神情。

3. The operation was successful, but I still felt _____.

A. very painful B. much painful

C. a lot of pain D. very paining

【陷阱】容易误选A，想当然地认为：pain 表示“痛”，其形容词painful自然表示表示“感到疼痛的”。

【分析】其实 painful 的意思并不是“感到疼痛的”，而是表示“使人感到疼痛的”、“使人感到痛苦的”，所以它通常用于说明事物，而不宜用于说明人。比较并体会：

他仍很痛苦。

正：He is still in pain.

误：He’s still painful.

你感到痛吗?

正：Do you feel any pain?

误：Are you painful?

见到你这样生活我很痛心。

正：I am pained to see you living this way.

误：I am painful to see you living this way.

听到他的死讯，我们都很痛苦。

误：We were all painful to hear of his death.

正：We were all pained to hear of his death.

他眼睛痛。

正：He has painful eyes.

误：He’s painful in the eyes.

4. “Our team is _____ to win the match.” “Really? But I don’t think so.”

A. easy B. difficult

C. possible D. sure

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，因为假若单纯从中文意思来看，四个答案均说得通。

【分析】正确答案为D，A、B、C三项填入空格处虽然从汉语来看说得通，但不合英语习惯。因为按英语习惯，easy 和difficult 后接不定式时，其主语(或逻辑主语)通常应是 it，而不能是具体的人或物，除非这个主语与其后不定式有动宾关系。如：

他回答案这个问题很容易。

误：He’s very easy to answer this quesiton.

正：It is very easy for her to answer this quesiton. (用形式主语 it 作主语)

正：The question is very easy for her to answer. (主语为具体的事物，但它与其后不定式有动宾关系，即 to answer this quesiton)

我们很难在半小时内完成这工作。

误：We are very difficult to finish the work in half an hour.

正：It is very difficult for us to finish the work in half an hour. (用形式主语 it 作主语)

对possible 来说，后接不定式时，其主语只能是 it，不能是具体的人或事物，即使该主语与其后的不定式有动宾关系也不可以。如：

我们可能会赢得这场比赛。

误：We are possible to win the match.

误：The match is possible for us to win.

正：It is possible that we will win the match.

正：It is possible for us to win the match.

5. I think he is _____ to tell us the secret, but I’m not sure.

A. possible B. likely

C. impossible D. certain

【陷阱】A、B、C三项均有可能被选择。

【分析】根据句意首先排除D；再根据上面一题的分析，排除A和C；也就是说，此题最佳答案为B。注意likely 的用法，它与possible所用句型不同，请看实例：

Are we likely to arrive in time? 我们会及时赶到吗?

It’s very likely that he will ring me tonight. 今晚他很可能会给我来电话。

They will very likely come by car. 他们很可能会坐汽车来。(该句中的likely为副词，而前两句中的likely为形容词)

6. Let’s make it at seven o’clock on Tuesday morning at my office if ________.

A. you’re convenient B. it is convenient for you

C. you feel convenient D. it is convenient with you

【陷阱】容易误选A或C，因为许多同学将汉语中的“如果你方便的话”直译为 if you are convenient 或 if you feel convenient。

【分析】最佳答案为B，因为英语中的 convenient不是表示“感到方便的”，而是表示“使人感到方便的”，所以 be convenient 的主语通常不能是“人”。要表示“如果你方便的话”，英语通常 if it is convenient for [to] you，其中的介词可用 for 或 to，但一般不用 with。顺便说一句，偶尔也可见到用人或物作 be convenient的主语，但此时的句子必须具备这样的特点：句子主语是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，如：

Mary is convenient to see on Sunday. / It is convenient to see Mary on Sunday. 星期天去见玛丽较为方便。

The furniture is convenient to move. / It is convenient to move the furniture. 这家具搬起来很方便。

7. We were two hours late that day, which was due to the ______.

A. crowded traffic B. crowded traffics

C. busy traffic D. busy traffics

【陷阱】容易误选A，因为许多同学将汉语中的“拥挤的交通”直译为 crowded traffic(s)；由于 traffic 不可数，排除含 traffics 的选项，所以许多考生便选定答案A。

【分析】其实，此题的最佳答案是C，因为英语的 traffic习惯上不用 crowded 修饰，而用 busy 或 heavy 修饰，以说明“交通”的“拥挤”。类似这样的在修饰语方面需特别注意的还有：

(1) 汉语的“绿茶”说成英语是green tea，但相应的“红茶”却是black tea 而不是 red tea。

(2) 可说thick soup(浓汤)，但不说thick coffee (tea)；要表示“浓咖啡(茶)”，可用strong coffee (tea)。

(3) 可说thin soup(稀汤)，但不说thin coffee (tea)；要表示“淡咖啡(茶)”，可用weak coffee (tea)。

8. Mary is very clever and _____ worth teaching, but her brother is not. Look, he is now _____ asleep in class.

A. very, very B. much, very

C. well, very D. well, fast

【陷阱】容易误选A，因为许多学生往往将汉语中的“很”与英语中的 very 等同。

【分析】但是，许多汉语中的“很”是不能用英语中的 very 来直译的。如汉语“我很喜欢英语”，在英语中就不能说成 I very like English，而应说成 I like English very much，因为副词 very 在英语中习惯上不用来修饰动词。上面一题不能选A，是因为形容词 worth 和 asleep习惯上不能用副词 very 来修饰，而是分别用 well 和 fast修饰，即说成 be well worth doing sth(很值得做某事)，be fast (或 sound) asleep(熟睡)，所以此题的最佳答案应选D。

9. “Could I take your order now?” “Yes. One _____ tea and two _____ coffees.”

A. black, white B. red, white

C. black, green D. red, black

【陷阱】容易误选B或D。

【分析】按汉语习惯，在“茶”前要加表颜色的形容词通常应是“红”和“绿”，即说“红茶”和“绿茶”。但是在英语中，人们虽然可直接用 green tea来表示“绿茶”，但却不能直接用 red tea 来表示“红茶”，汉语中的“红茶”说成英语应是 black tea，所以第一空应填black，即选A或C。对于第二空，coffee 前通常使用的表颜色的形容词是 white 和 black，其中 white coffee 指“牛奶咖啡”(因牛奶呈白色)，black coffee 指“没有加牛奶的咖啡”（即纯咖啡或清咖啡），由此可知上题的最佳答案应是A。

10. Entering the house we found him lying on the bed with his mouth _______ and eyes _______.

A. open, close B. opened, closed

C. opened, close D. open, closed

【陷阱】此题很容易误选A。

【分析】答案应选 D。open 和 close 均可用作动词，前者表示“开”，后者表示“关”，是一对反义词，如：

Please open your mouth and close your eyes. 请张开嘴，闭上眼。

但是 open 和 close 也可用作形容词，此时前者意为“开着的”，后者意为“接近的”、“亲近的”等，而并不表示“关着的”，要表示“关着的”，英语用 closed，即用作形容词时，open 与close 不是一对反义词，而与 closed 才是反义词。

11. A ______ road goes ______ from one place to another.

A. straight, straight B. straightly, straightly

C. straight, straightly D. straightly, straight

【陷阱】容易误选C。认为straightly 是straight 的副词形式。

【分析】在现代英语中，straight 既可用作形容词，也可用作副词。而straightly这个副词在现代英语中已被废弃，许多词典均不再收录此词。所以此题最佳答案应选A。

◆精编陷阱题训练◆

1. It was _____ opportunity to miss.

A. too good an B. a too good

C. too a good D. too good

2. I don’t like it at all. It can’t be _____.

A. better B. worse

C. best D. worst

3. There was nothing special about this film - it was only ______.

A. particular B. average

C. interesting D. strange

4. She looks very _____ but I can’t remember her name.

A. similar B. familiar

C. friendly D. strange

5. He said he would return the money, and I was ______.

A. fool enough to believe him

B. enough fool to believe him

C. fool enough believing him

D. enough fool believing him

6. “This book is ______ more useful for us students.” “Yes, but it is _______ too difficult.”

A. quite, quite B. much, rather

C. rather, quite D. quite, much

7. The children all looked _____ at the broken model plane and felt quite _____.

A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly

C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad

8. The child dreamed that he had once lived in a _______ house in the forest.

A. wooden pretty little B. little pretty wooden

C. pretty little wooden D. wooden little pretty

9. He wanted to read more, so he asked his friends if there was _______ to read.

A. something easy enough B. something enough easy

C. enough easy something D. easy enough something

10. The doctor assured the patient that there was ______ with her, but she could not help worrying.

A. seriously wrong nothing B. nothing serious wrong

C. nothing seriously wrong D. serious nothing wrong

11. -How is your father?

-He’s fine. He’s______ to play tennis every Sunday.

A. enough active still B. enough still active

C. still active enough D. still enough active

12. -Did you wash your new suit in hot water?

-Of course not. I am not ______ foolish.

A. very B. that

C. very much D. too

13.-Which team is _______ to win the game?

-I don’t know, but I’ve found _______ for ours to win.

A. probable; it unlikely B. likely; it possible

C. possible; it possible D. likely; it possibly

14. He didn’t understand the _______ question, so there was a ______ expression on his face.

A. puzzling; puzzled B. puzzling; puzzling

C. puzzled; puzzled D. puzzled; puzzling

15. She can speak _______ in front of Mack, but she can’t eat ______ in his restaurant.

A. free, free B. free, freely

C. freely, free D. freely, freely

16. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood ____ to her mother.

A. close B. closely

C. closed D. closing

17. Fred is second to none in maths in our class, but believe it or not, he _______ passed the last exam.

A. easily B. hardly

C. actually D. successfully

◆答案与解析◆

1. 选A，too … to … 结构除用于“too + 形容词或副词 + to do sth”外，也可用于“too + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + to do sth”。

2. 选B，it can’t be worse 相当于 It’s the worst thing I ever knew。

3. 选B，average 意为“平常的”、“普通的”。

4. 选B，similar 指“相似”，familiar 指“熟悉”。

5. 选A，此处的 fool 虽为名词，但具有形容词的性质，相当于 foolish。

6. 选B。虽然 quite, rather, much 均可用于加强语气，但是修饰比较级或副词 too(太)时，只能用 rather 或 much，而不用 quite。

7. 选D。第一个 look是实义动词(注意与之搭配的介词 at)，第二个look 是连系动词。

8. 选 C。多个形容词共同修饰一个名词时，它们的位置遵循这样的原则：描绘形容词-大小（长短高低）形容词-形状形容词-年龄（新旧）形容词-颜色形容词-国籍形容词-材料形容词-用途（类别）形容词-名词（动名词）。

9. 选A。做对此题要注意两点：一是修饰something, anything, nothing 等复合不定代词的形容词，应置于被修饰语之后；二是副词enough 修饰形容词或副词时也应置于被修饰语之后。

10. 选C。wrong 修饰nothing，seriously 修饰wrong。

11. 选C。still 修饰 active，置于其前；而副词enough 修饰形容词或副词时应置于被修饰语之后。

12. 选B。that 在此用作副词，不是代词，用法相当于so。其余三者填入空格处语意不通。

13. 选B。理由见“典型陷阱题分析”第5题。

14. 选A。理由见“典型陷阱题分析”第2题。

15. 选C。第一空填 freely，意为“自由地”；第二空填free，意为“免费地”。

16. 选 A。close 与 closely 的区别是：指实际距离近，用 close；指抽象意义，用 closely。

17. 选 B。首先应弄清 second to none 的意思，照字面理解是“对谁都不是第二”，言外之意就是“第一”，或者说是“最好”。再联系句中的 but 可知，选项 B 最恰当。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇8：考点8 形容词性从句 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

考点8 形容词性从句

1. I walked in our garden, Tom and Jim were trying a big sign onto one of the trees.

A. which B. when C. where D. that

2. If a shop has chairs women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.

A. that B. which C. when D. where

3. You can find whatever you need at the shopping center, is always busy at the weekend.

A. that B. where C. what D. which

4. Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be.

A. who B. that C. what D. which

5. Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those don’t.

A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who C. who; who D. 不填; 不填

6. We’re just trying to teach a point both sides will sit down together and talk.

A. where B. that C. when D. which

7. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child.

A. which B. where C. that D. when

8. I never forget the days we spent together.

A. that B. when C. whose D. what

9. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, leading actor is world famous?

A. its B. it’s C. whose D. which

10. - Why does she always ask you for help?

- There is no one else , is there?

A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn

11. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, we gave some bells and glasses.

A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which

12. I have many friends, some are businessmen.

A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom

13. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students Chinese in the school, most _____ were from Germany.

A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom

14. I was given three books on cooking, the first I really enjoyed.

A. of that B. of which C. that D. which

15. This is the book I paid ten yuan.

A. for which B. for that C. which D. off which

16. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p. m. , many people have got home.

A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which

17. I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.

A. When B. After C. As D. Since

18. The word “write” has the same pronunciation the word “right”.

A. of B. as C. to D. from

19. The Beatles, many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool,

A. what B. that C. how D. as

20. This book is very interesting. Where did you buy it? I will buy the same book you have bought.

A. which B. as C. that D. what

21. we all know, Taiwan is part of china.

A. As B. Which C. What D. That

22. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, other visitors seldom go.

A. what B. which C. where D. when

23. Our language classes include a lot about the culture of the country language we are studying.

A. which B. whose C. whatever D. whichever

24. Who is the girl is hurrying to school?

A. who B. whom C. that D. which

25. Is there a gas station around I can get some petrol?

A. which B. what C. where D. that

26. Do you have anything to say for your selves?

- Yes, there’s one point we must insist on.

A. why B. where C. how D. /

27. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house roof is under repair.

A. whose B. which C. of which D. what

28. She was educated at Beijing University, ___ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.

A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that

29. Liu Xiang’s breaking the world record was an exciting moment, all of us will never forget.

A. that B. one C. it D. what

30. My teacher of English is really very kind. I’ll never for get the he has done me.

A. favor B. deed C. help D. value

31. Remember that the birthday _ we spend happily each year was just our mothers suffered bitterly.

A. when; what B. when; that C. that; when D. that; what

32. There is hardly an environment on earth some species of animal or other have not adapted successfully.

A. to which B. in which C. for which D. on which

33. After ten years of hard time, the young lady has turned movie star, she dreamed of becoming in her childhood.

A. who B. which C. that D. what

34. A supermarket, as the name suggests, is a place goods of all kinds can be bought.

A. what B. which C. where D. in which

35. There are many people only on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mail.

A. who B. that C. which D. whose

36. - Is that the small town you often refer to?

- Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.

A. that B. which C. where D. what

37. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs they are being trained.

A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which

38. The place the bridge is supposed to be built should be the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.

A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which

39. Do you have any idea is actually going on in the classroom?

A. that B. what C. which D. where

40. Some of the things children like to collect are stamps and dolls.

A. that B. which C. whose D. who

41. We looked back over all happened during the past year, to ourselves, to our city and to the world.

A. which has B. that have C. that has D. which have

42. The large room the dance is held is beautifully decorated.

A. in which B. which C. that D. /

43. There are little tables people may sit when they are not dancing.

A. in which B. on which C. which D. that

44. Most of the jokes told by comedians are soon forgotten.

A. which was B. that was C. were D. that were

45. The most important roads in downtown were paved with large stones.

A. are B. is C. that are D. which are

46. I don’t know the reason you have changed your idea.

A. which B. as C. when D. why

47. The earth is a huge hall, 70% of covered with water.

A. which is B. which are C. that is D. that are

48. She is the only one of the teachers loved deeply.

A. who is B. who are C. that is D. that are

49. Who seen the film doesn't admire it?

A. who has B. who have C. that has D. that have

50. is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

51. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane.

A. where B. which C. while D. why

52. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ___, of course, made the others unhappy.

A. who B. which C. this D. what

53. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.

A. that B. while C. which D. when

54. The news is spreading around the airport is a heavy storm is coming.

A. what; / B. that; that C. /; that D. that; which

考点 9 名词性从句

1. Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game.

A. why B. what C. who D. that

2. Damby left word with my secretary he would call again in the afternoon.

A. who B. that C. as D. which

3. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for he thought was not enough.

A. where B. how C. what D. which

4. - Could you do me a favour?

- It depends on it is.

A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever

5. Please remind me he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.

A. where B. when C. how D. what

6. There is much chance Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.

A. that B. which C. until D. if

7. I try to understand prevents them from being as happy as one might expect although they are so rich. A. that B. what C. it D. whether

8. The dealer told me how much he was prepared to pay for my car and I could have the money without delay.

A. what B. that C. / D. whether

9. I have found out they will ask to lead the victory march on Saturday.

A. when B. where C. whom D. what

10. As soon as he comes back, I will tell him when and see him.

A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come

11. The old lady’s hand shook frequently, she explained to her doctor this shaking had begun half a year before, and , only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job.

A. when; how B. how; when C. how; how D. why; why

12. Great changes have taken place in the school. It’s no longer _ it was 8 years ago, __ poorly equipped.

A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that

13. What we used to think impossible now does seem possible.

A. is B. was C. has been D. will be

14. team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.

A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever

15. See the flags on top of the building? That was we did this morning.

A. when B. which C. where D. what

16. - It’s thirty years since we last met.

- But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night.

A. which B. that C. what D. when

17. We can’t figure out quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.

A. that B. as C. why D. when

18. A modern city has been set up in was a waste land ten years ago.

A. what B. which C. that D. where

19. Mr. Smith suggested that all of the students their exercise books.

A. handed in B. should hand in C. handing in D. that hand in

20. After five hours’ drive, they reached they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of.

A. that B. where C. which D. what

21. It is certain little Tom can work out such a difficult problem.

A. whether B. that C. if D. when

22. These photographs will show you _ .

A. what our village looks like B. what does our village look like

C. how our village look like D. how does our village look like

23. The news our team won the match was true.

A. if B. that C. whether D. why

24. A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. A. if B. when C. that D. which

25. we’ll go camping next week depends on the weather.

A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where

26. Father made a promise I passed the examination he would buy me a new dictionary.

A. that B. if C. whether D. that if

27. There is some doubt she will be able to repay the money on time.

A. that B. if C. what D. whether

28. Doris’ success lies in the fact she is cooperative and eager to learn from others.

A. which B. that C. when D. why

29. These shoes look very good. I wonder .

A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost

C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost

30. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.

A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever

31. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased be was a man of action.

A. which B. that C. what D. whether

32. I shall never forget 9 a.m. on Oct, 12, the most exciting moment, Shen Zhou VI was launched, is always making me think of I can do more for my homeland.

A. that; which; which B. which; that; that C. when; as; what D. when; which; how

33. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and it is rough or smooth.

A. / B. whether C. how D. what

34. The poor young man is ready to accept help he can get.

A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever

35. I was surmised by her words, which made me recognize silly mistakes I had made.

A. what B. that C. how D. which

36. Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game.

A. why B. what C. who D. which

37. The way he did it was different we were used to.

A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which

38. The teacher demanded that our examination paper handed in at once.

A. be B. must be C. would be D. had to be

39. We all agree with him on he said.

A. what B. that C. why D. how

40. We must do well the party assigns us to do.

A. that B. what C. which D. those

41. I will give this dictionary to wants to have it.

A. whomever B, whoever C. whatever D. wherever

42. I’m sorry your mother is ill.

A. whom B. if C. that D. how

43. We think it important we should keep the balance of nature.

A. whether B. what C. that D. which

44. I hope happy while you are here.

A. you to be B. for your being C. you will be D. you being

45. We all know the news he told her.

A. to which B. / C. what D. at that

46. Word has come some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.

A. what B. that C. whether D. when

47. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it

A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken

48. The reason I plan to go is if I don’t.

A. because she will be disappointed B. that she will be disappointed

C. because she will be disappointed D. on account of she will have a disappointed

49. the old man’s sons wanted to know was the gold had been hidden.

A. That; what B. What; where C. What; that D. What; if

50. What a pity is you didn’t arrive by daylight.

A. there; because B. it; that C. he; when D. that; for

51. we can’t get seems better than we have.

A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what

52. It’s not yet clear of those will be chosen to do the job.

A. that B. whom C. which D. whose

53. It is probable he told her everything.

A. who B. which C. why D. that

54. It doesn’t matter I rest or not.

A. if B. whether C. that D. when

55. is still a secret when the president will make a public speech.

A. That B. He C. What D. It

56. breaks the law should be punished.

A. No matter who B. Whoever C. All D. Who

考点10 副词性从句

1. - Did Jack come back early last night?

- Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock he arrived home.

A. before B. when C. that D. until

2. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years I enjoyed myself so much.

A. when B. that C. before D. since

3. Scientists think that the continents always where they today.

A. aren’t; are B. aren’t; were C. weren’t; are D. weren’t; were

4. How can you expect to learn anything you never listen?

A. in case B. even if C. unless D. when

5. - Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?

- He rushed out of the room I could say a word.

A. before B. until C. when D. after

6. - How long do you think it will be China sends a manmade spaceship to the moon?

- Perhaps two or three years.

A. when B. until C. that D. before

7. the teacher came in, the students were fighting with each other.

A. While B. When C. As D. Since

8. many boys were playing basketball on the playground, the girls were singing and dancing in the room.

A. When B. While C. Before D. As

9. he walked along the street, he sang happily.

A. When B. While C. As D. That

10. It is known to all that you exercise regularly ,you won’t keep good health.

A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if

11. I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s I have to wait.

A. in case B. so that C. in order D. as if

12. you have tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is.

A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When

13. We don’t keep winning games we keep playing well.

A. because B. unless C. when D. while

14. His plan was such a good one we all agreed to accept it.

A. so B. and C. that D. as

15. China can get more benefit it is a member of WTO.

A. because B. on condition that C. though D. when

16. Tom is a young boy he can’t earn money.

A. such; that B. so; that C. /; that D. such; when

17. He will not leave it is fine tomorrow.

A. if B. unless C. as long as D. in case

18. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, they are different from your own.

A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though

19. There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, she was an only child.

A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. even as

20. most of the earth’s surface is covered by water, fresh water is very rare and precious.

A. As B. Once C. If D. Although

21. he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.

A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although

22. This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it, .

A. how much may it cost B. no matter how it may cost

C. however much it may cost D. how may it cost

23. you do, you must work hard.

A. No matter what B. Whatever C. What D. A and B

24. , I won’t marry her.

A. As I love her much B. Much as I love her C. As much I love her D. I love her as much

25. I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early I can have time for a cup of tea.

A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that

26. John shut everybody out of the kitchen _ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.

A. which B. when C. so that D. as if

27. We must hurry up catch up with the last train.

A. that B. so that to C. in order that D. in order to

28. We must work hard at school we can get high marks and good reputation.

A. so as to B. so that C. so D. in order to

29. He is as tall as

A.I B. me C. my D. A and B

30. He didn’t go to bed _______ his mother came back.

A. till B. until C. as D. since

31. Although he is considered a great writer, ________.

A. however his works are not widely read B. but his works are not widely read

C. his works are not widely read D. still his works are not widely read

32. , he never seems able to do the work beautifully.

A. Try as he does B. As he tries C. Try as does he D. As he does try

33. The old man runs very fast as if he a young man.

A. is B. was C. were D. will be

34. You’d better take something to read when you go to see the doctor you have to wait.

A. even if B. as if C. in case D. in order that

35. I will have to wait for him _______ he comes back.

A. till B. until C. as D. A and B

36. he was 16, he didn’t leave his mother.

A. Till B. Until C. Not until D. After

37. , he knows a lot.

A. Child as is he B. Child as he is C. As he is a child D. As a child is he

38. If you are traveling the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.

A. in which B. what C. when D. where

39. - Morn, what did your doctor say?

- He advised me to live the air is fresher.

A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where

40. He was about halfway through his meal a familiar voice came to his ears.

A. why B. where C. when D. while

41. Lucy, the boy was frightened by the terrible noise from the next room. Take him ________ it’s quiet, I think. A. when B. where C. what D. before

42. - Do you smoke? - No, I don’t. But I used to. It’s two years since I .

A. smoked B. didn’t smoke C. have smoked D. began to smoke

43. your opinions are worth considering, the president finds it unwise to place too much importance on them. A. As B. Since C. When D. While

44. Let’s put off the picnic until next week, the weather may be better.

A. then B. if C. as D. when

45. Bekoff has found animals sometimes try not to hit or bite, especially they are playing with a weaker partner.

A. if B. before C. unless D. when

46. He transplanted the little tree to the garden it was the best time for it.

A. where B. when C. that D. until

47. I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early I can have time for a cup of tea.

A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that

48. The American Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end.

A. after B. when C. before D. then

49. It is known to all that you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health.

A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if

50. It was some time we realized the truth.

A. when B. until C. since D. before

51. You must keep on working in the evening, you are sure you can finish the task in time.

A. as B. if C. when D. unless

52. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years I enjoyed myself so much.

A. when B. that C. before D. since

53. After the war, a new school was put up there once had been a theatre.

A. that B. where C. which D. when

54. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up I could answer the phone.

A. as B. since C. until D. before

55. - Don’t look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages.

- Oh, yes. others are weak, he is strong.

A. If B. When C. Where D. Though

56. I shall still go outside.

A. As the sun is hot B. Hot as is the sun C. Hot as the sun is D. Though is the sun

57. The harder you , progress you will make.

A. will work; greater B. will work; much C. work; the greater D. work; much greater

58. He is going you went last week.

A. where B. wherever C. when D. in the place

59. I have never heard from her I left my hometown.

A. since B. as C. before D. when

60. No sooner had he arrived __________ she started complaining.

A. when B. as C. than D. while

61. Roses need special care they can live through winter.

A. because B. so that C. even if D. as

62. you call me to say you are not coming, I will see you at the theatre.

A. Though B. Whether C. Until D. Unless

63. modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.

A. While B. Since C. As D. If

64. Scientists say it may be five or six years it is possible to test this medicine.

A. since B. after C. before D. when

65. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a park she was bitten on the leg by a lion.

A. when B. while C. since D. once

66. Parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses eye protection is necessary in sunny weather. A. because B. though C. unless D. if

考点小资料（复合句：形容词、名词、副词从句）

I. “介词+关系代词”结构的用法

i. “不定代词或数词或名词+of which / whom”在定语从句中作主语。

ii. “介词+whose”修饰后面的名词作定语。

iii. “介词+which+不定式”相当于一个简化了的定语从句。

iv. 注意“介词+where” 引导的定语从句：有时在阅读过程中我们会碰到“介词+where”引导的定语从句，此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意义上加以区别。如：They stood on the top of the building, from where they could see the whole city. ( from where相当于from the top of the building，而不是from the building )

II. which / that的区别：当先行词指物时，许多情况下既可以用关系代词which，也可以用关系代词that。在下列情况下，只能使用关系代词that：i. 当先行词是不定代词all，much，little，something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one时。如: Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself ? / You should hand in all that you have. ii. 当先行词前面有only，any，few，little，no，all，very等词修饰时。如：This is the very book that I’ m looking for. / The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. iii. 当先行词是形容词最高级时或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is the best that has been wasted against pollution./This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen. iv. 当先行词是序数词或它前有一个序数词时，如：This train is the last that will go to Huangzhou. / What is the first American film that you have seen? v. 当先行词既有人又有物时，如：Do yon know the things and persons that they are talking about? vi. 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。如：Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the boy that won the gold medal? vii. 有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个空用that. 如：They secretly built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution.

III. 形式主语的四个主要句型

(1) It+be+名词+that从句:

It is a pity that … “可惜的是”，用于此句型的名词还有fact / shame / honor / question等。

(2) It+be+形容词+that从句

It is certain that …“很肯定”，用于此句型的形容词还有clear/better/natural/important/necessary。

(3) It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句

It is said that …“据说”，可用于此句型的过去分词还有believed / known / reported等。

(4) It+不及物动词+that从句

It seems that …“好像是……似乎……”可用于此句型的不及物动词还有happen / appear等。

IV. 同位语从句：同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有 advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word 等。

V. 特殊的状语从句连接词：时间状语从句通常由从属连词when，while，whenever，as，after，as soon as，till，until，since，once，before等引导。但下列两类词(组)也可作为连词来引导时间状语从句：the moment, the minute, the second, the next time, the first time, by the time, every(each) time, the day (year, month) 等； immediately，directly，instantly等。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇9：第四章 形容词和副词 (新课标版高三英语下册教学论文)

第四章 形容词和副词

形容词用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。而副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，有时也能修饰名词，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。

高考重点要求：

1、形容词、副词比较级，最高级常用句型

2、形容词的倍数表达法和副词的位置

3、多个形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序

4、分清常用同义、近义形容词、副词在表达中的语义差别

第一节 知识点概述

一、形容词

（一） 形容词在句子中的作用

1．大部分形容词能作定语、表语或宾语补足语, 如：

a beautiful park 一座美丽的公园

The play Tea-house（茶馆）is both moving and interesting.

Who left the window open?

2．“定冠词the + 形容词”表示一类人或物，作“主语或宾语”，意思为“……的一种人”，“……的一类东西或事情”。如：

The new will take the place of the old . （新事物将代替旧事物。）

The young are fond of sports .(年轻人喜欢体育运动。)

3．有些形容词只能作表语 如：

ill, glad, asleep, afraid, alive (活着的)，alone(单独的)

4．某些动词加-ed 和 –ing都可构成形容词，加-ed的形容词表示“人感到如何”，加-ing的形容词则用来描写事物， 如：

We were excited when we heard the exciting news.

5．有些名词加后缀可变成形容词， 如：lovely, friendly, windy, careful, careless, wooden等

（二） 形容词在句子中的位置

1．形容词一般放在被修饰的名词之前。两个或两个以上形容词修饰一个名词时，形容词排列的次序一般应考虑下面二种情况。

（1）与被修饰名词关系比较密切的形容词位置靠近名词， 如：an exciting American film

（2）音节少的形容词位置在前，音节多的形容位置在后。

2．在下列情况下，形容词应后置：

（1）修饰复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing等，如：anything important, nothing easy

（2）同表示数量的词组连用， 如：twenty feet long, five years old

3．几个形容词修饰一名词时，一般顺序为大小（little除外）、形状、色彩、由来、用途。如：

a fine round maple（枫木）writing table,

a famous old English country house

二、副词

（一） 副词在句子中的作用

副词在句子中主要用作状语，许多副词皆由形容词加-ly 构成，如：careful-carefully.

副词主要被分为以下几种：

1．时间副词，如：often，early，usually，now

2．地点副词，如：here，above，outside，below，there

3．方式副词，如：hard，fast，badly，well

4．程度副词，如：very，quite，much，still，even，almost

5．疑问副词，如：how，when，why

（二） 副词在句子中的位置

1． 时间副词和地点副词的位置

表示确定时间的副词和地点的副词，一般放在句尾，如句中同时有地点副词和时间副词，地点副词通常在前，时间副词在后。

2． 修饰形容词和副词的程度副词，除enough后置外，一般放在被修饰词的前面。副词在此作状语。 如：

be well enough, go fast enough

3． 修饰动词的方式副词有以下几种

（1） 修饰不及物动词时，该副词要后置，如：sing well

（2） 修饰及物动词时，可放在被修饰词之前或宾语之后；如宾语较长也可放在动词和宾语之间。如：study English hard，see clearly the words on the blackboard

（3） 及物动词和副词（如：down，on，off，in，out，up等）组成的动词词组，其宾语是名词，该名词可放在副词之前或之后：如是代词，该代词一定要放在副词前。

He cut down the tree. / He cut the tree down. / He cut it down.

4. 形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法：

（1） 两者比较情况一样，常用“as+形容词原级+as”句型。

He is as tall as his monitor .

（2） 两者比较，表示一方在某方面不如另一方，常用“not so /as +形容词原级+as”句型。

A train doesn’t travel so fast as a plane .

（3） 三者或三者以上比较，表示某人某物“最……”时，用“the+形容词最高级+比较范围”句型。

Asia is by far the largest of the seven continents .

She writes (the) most carefully of the three .

（4） 比较级+and+比较级“越来越……”

It is getting cooler and cooler in autumn.

She is becoming more and more active in taking part in social activities.

（5） the +比较级，the +比较级“越……越……”

The harder he studies , the greater progress he will make .

第二节 实战演练

一、复习时需注意的要点

1. 形容词一般按限定词，一般性描绘、大小、长短和高低、形状、年龄和新旧、颜色、国籍、地区和出处、物质和材料、用途和类别这一顺序来修饰名词的。

2. 在名词前出现几个形容词作定语时，常常涉及词的排列顺序问题。例如：a fat old lady不能说成an old fat lady，a small black leather handbag不能说成a leather black small handbag等。

3. 形容词的词序问题比较复杂，前置形容词的排列顺序由它们和被修饰名词之间的关系决定，关系密切的靠近被修饰词，关系较远的离之稍远。

4. 在as+形容词／副词+as的结构前可加上nearly , almost , just , quietly , half , exactly , 及倍数表示比较的程度。

例如：My income is half as high as my father .

5. 最高级前可用nearly , almost , about , next , by far , by no means 或序数词进行修饰。

例如：Of the three boys , Mike is by no means the most diligent.

6. 比较级的其他用法

1）比较级 + and + 比较级 “越来越……”。例如：

It is getting cooler and cooler in autumn.

2）the more…the more… “越……，越……”。例如：

The more fruit you eat, the healthier you will be.

3）no more than “只不过，仅仅”，后面接名词或数词，起形容词作用。 例如：

What he is saying is no more than a joke. 他所讲的只不过是个玩笑而已。

4）no more…than… “和……同样不……”。例如：

He can no more play the piano than I can play basketball. 他不会弹钢琴和我同样不 会打篮球一样

5）no less than “多达，竟有……之多，不下于”。例如：

There were no less than two thousand people at the match. 这场比赛不下于两千人到场观看。

6）no less…than “和……一样，不逊于”。例如：

Our monitor is no less diligent than he used to be. 我们的班长和以前一样勤奋。

二、历届高考试题分析

例1、At a rough estimate, Nigeria is ____ Great Britain.

A. three times the size as B. the size three times of

C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of

答案为D。

【解析】 检查考生对反意疑问句（附加疑问句）的掌握和运用能力。A是B的三倍通常可使用以下几种形式：

1) A is three times as adj.（原级） as B

2) A is twice adj.（比较级）than B

3) The n. of A is three times that of B

4) A is three times the +n. of B。

例2、Many students signed up for the_________ race in the sports meeting to be held next week.

A.800 metre long B.800 metres long

C.800 metre length D.800 metres length

答案为A。

【解析】 长、宽、高及年龄等作定语修饰名词时位置可在前也可在后，在前边时要注意加连字符“-”，其中单位名词用单数，其形式为：数字-单位名称单数-长、宽、高等。如放在后边，不用连字符，数词大于1要用复数。从题干看：800米远的比赛应为800 meter long。

例3、At times, worrying is a normal ____ response to a difficult event or situation----a loved one being injured in an accident, for example.

A. effective B. individual C. inevitable D. unfavorable

答案：C

【解析】 effective有效的；individual个人的；inevitable不可避免的；unfavorable不利的。

例4、You're standing too near the camera. Can you move ________?

A. a bit far B. a little farther C. a bit of farther D. a little far

答案为B。

【解析】 too near的意思是“太近了”，说话人的意图是让对方站在比这远一点，所以要用副词的比较级。这句话的意思是：你站得太靠近镜头了。你能离远一点吗?a bit of后接名词。

例5、In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, ________. A. our holiday will be better B. our holiday will be the better

C. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be

答案为C。

【解析】 “the more…the more…”的意思是“越……越……”。由于选项A、B和D的词序都不对，所以不能作为答案。这句话的意思是：近年来，旅游公司成功地向我们推销了这样一个观点：我们走得越远，我们的假期过得越好。

例6、It is generally believed that teaching is_________ it is a science.

A. an art much as B. much an art as

C. as an art much as D. as much an art as

答案为D。

【解析】 在as/so…as…结构中，第一个as/so是副词，后接形容词；第二个as是连接词，后接句子。其正确语序为as much an art as. 这句话的意思是：人们普遍相信，教学像科学一样是一门艺术。

例7、Americans eat _______vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.

A. more than twice B. as twice as many

C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many

答案为D。

【解析】 不论哪种形式的比较级其修饰词均应放在前面。more than twice表示数量，放在as…as结构前的意思是“是……的两倍多”。译文：美国人现在每人所吃的蔬菜是19的两倍多。

例8、-I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.

-You can never be ________ careful in the street.

A. much B. very C. so D. too

答案为D。

【解析】 否定词not/no/ never + too/enough结构表示“再怎么……也不过分”或“越……越好”。这句话的意思是：在街上(骑自行车)你越小心越好。

例9、Broadly speaking , I would agree with Shirley , though not ________

A. widely B. thoroughly C. entirely D. extensively

答案为C

【解析】 本题考察副词辨义，widely :广泛地，很大程度上；thoroughly彻底地，entirely完全地，extensively大量地、广阔地、巨大地。根据句意，说话人并非完全同意她的意见，not entirely（不完全地）恰如其分地表达了这一意思。

例10、-You don't look very ________. Are you ill?

-No, I'm just a bit tired.

A. good B. well C. strong D. healthy

答案为B。

【解析】 从题意看，look在这里是系词(看上去，看起来)后应加形容词，四个选项的词性均符合，但good是指人品好坏或东西好坏；strong则表示结实、强壮，与题意不符。healthy“健康的，健壮的”。well可作形容词和副词。作形容词时表示“健康的；气色好”，用于修饰人。

第三节 巩固练习

Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.

1. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with _____ money and______ people.

A. less… less B. fewer...fewer C. less...fewer D. fewer...less

2. -Can I help you?

-Well, I’m afraid the box is ______ heavy for you, but thank you all the same.

A. so B. much C. very D. too

3. -Excuse me, is this Mr. Brown’s office?

-I’m sorry, but Mr. Brown ______ works here. He left about three weeks ago.

A. not now B. no more C. not still D. no longer

4. The piano in the other shop will be ______, but ______.

A. cheaper...not as better B. more cheap...not as better

C. cheaper...not as good D. more cheap...not as good

5. ______ I went to the railway station to see my friend off.

A. After eating quickly my dinner B. After my quickly eating dinner

C. After eating my dinner quickly D. After eating my quickly dinner

6. Mrs. smith warned her daughter ______ after drinking.

A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive

7. -How did you think of visit to the museum?

-I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _____ than I expected.

A. far more interesting B. even much interesting

C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting

8. Those oranges taste _____.

A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well

9. Canada is larger than ______ country in Asia.

A. any B. any other C. other D. another

10. The experiment was ______ easier than we had expected.

A. more B. much more C. much D. more much

11. Which is ______ country, Canada or Australia?

A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger

12. -Will you give this message to Mr White, please?

-Sorry, I can’t. He ______.

A. doesn’t any more work here B. doesn’t any longer here work

C. doesn’t work any more here D. doesn’t work here any longer

13. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes ______.

A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening

14. My elder brother is ______ a singer ______ I am.

A. no other…than B. no more…than C. not other…than D. not more…than

15. Sunlight is ______ necessary ______ fresh air to a healthy body.

A. not less…than B. no less…than C. no more…than D. not more…than

16. She doesn’t speak _____ her friend, but her written work is excellent.

A. as well as B. so often as C. so much as D. as good as

17. It takes a long time to go there by train, it’s _____ by road.

A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker

18. -Mum, I think I’m _____ to get back to school.

-Not really, My dear. You’d better stay at home for another day or two.

A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough

19. -If you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one.

-OK, but do you have ______size in blue ? This one’s a bit tight for me .

A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger

20. John plays football ______, if not better than David.

A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as

21. If there were no examinations , we should have ______ at school .

A. the happiest time B. a more happier time

C. much happiest time D. a much happier time

22. We all write ______, even when there’s not much to say.

A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less

23. -Do you remember _____ he came?

-Yes I do, he came by car.

A. how B. when C. then D. if

24. Can you believe that in _____ a rich country there should be _____ many poor

people?

A. such...such B. such...so C. so...so D. so...such

25. -How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

-It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ______ days at the seaside.

A. few fast sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last

26. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _____ great it is.

A. what B. how C. however D. whatever

27. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _____.

A the better voice B. a good voice

C. the best voice D. a better voice

28. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ______.

A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily

29. Wait till you are more ______. It’s better to be sure than sorry.

A. inspired B. satisfied C. clam D. certain

30. If I had _____, I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting stories.

A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday

C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough

31. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is_____ known for his plays.

A. the best B. more C. better D. the most

32. _____ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.

A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students

C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave

33. It’s always difficult being in a foreign country, _____ if you don’t speak the language.

A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially

34. Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs ______ for the poor.

A. more B. much C. many D. most

35. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an) ______ trick.

A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple

36. As we joined the big crowd I got _____ from my friends.

A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed

37. It wasn’t ______his appearance I liked ______his personality.

A. so much …as B. no less…than C. so much …as D. no more …than

38. It’s believed that ______ you work, ______ result you’ll get.

A. the harder...the better B. the more hard...the more better

C. the harder...a better D. more hard...more better

39. Of the two shirts, I’d like to choose _______ one.

A. the less expensive B. the most expensive

C. less expensive D. more expensive

40. We don’t care if a hunting dog smells ______, but we really don’t want him to smell _____.

A. well...well B. bad...bad C. well...badly D. badly...bad

41. It was ______ late to catch a bus after the party, so we called a taxi.

A. too very B. much too C. too much D. far

42. If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was _____ choice.

A. good B. the best C. better D. the better

43. We waited _____ for the bus.

A. long time B. a long time C. the long time D. some long time

44. She is _____ to leave as soon as possible.

A. hurried B. anxious C. worried D. nervous

45. We are all going to the games. Why don’t you come ______?

A. up B. across C. along D. to

46. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ___ she was getting.

A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest

47. -Are you satisfied with her answer?

-Not at all. It couldn’t have been _____.

A. worse B. so bad C. better D. the worst

48. Last night I had a terrible cold and ached all _____.

A. the way B. over C. at once D. the worst

49. Their cheerful voices showed that they were having a ______ discussion.

A. noisy B. serious C. complete D. friendly

50. ______book of this writer is East and West.

A. Known to be the best B. It was the best known

C. Known as the best D. The best known

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇10：基础写作3(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

The TV programme “Learning Chinese” monitored by Dashan, a Canadian with rich Chinese learning experience. Boardcasted at 9:15 and 15:15 between Tuesday and Saturday on CCTV 9, an international channel, is convenient for you to access. Chinese communication, Traveling Chinese as well as sports Chinese, started at 2008 Olympic Games, are including it the program. It’s so interesting and lively that make learning and understanding more easilier. By the programme, you not only can understand China culture, but also master Chinese well.

得分：7分

优点：本文作者用了几处的同位语， a Canadian, an international channel和过去分词做定语，monitored b, started at 2008和过去分词做状语，broadcasted at 9:15等；另外动词access也用得比较好。

不足：句子的写作基础不够扎实，第1.2.句子没有主语；词汇部分错误较多，Boardcasted拼写错误，应为 broadcasted, monitored ，are including和more easilier以及by the programme都用的不恰当,应分别改为hosted, are included, more easily(easier) 和through the programme.

Saving resource

Seeing the water was still running, Tom went on walking and Mary turned off the water tap. Tom thought it was not his business, so he didn’t turn off the tap.

It can’t fail to find that Mary has done a right thing. Because saving resource is everyone’s business.

It’s also easy to find some example. Some crazy children didn’t want to wash their cloths, so they used washing machine to wash their own cloths. Another example, one student in class turned on all the lights and fans.

In my opinion, wasting resource is a bad action. Most resource is limit. If we often waste them, they will be used up one day. So all of us should learn to save resource, like turn off the tap after using.

得分：3+10

优点：概括部分基本能交代清楚情节

不足：

1. 文章内容单薄，空洞，没有偏重。对Mary 或Peter行为的评述及自己理由讲得过于简单；在叙述身边所发生的类似的故事时所举之例不能称为“故事”，况且举了例子之后又没有交代通过例子想传达什么思想；最后的“感受与启发”，感受就是“这个行为不好”，启发就是“我们应该节约资源”，没有自己的想法，空喊口号。

2.词汇的使用错误较多。Cloths,应为clothes, limit 应为limited, it can’t fail to find主语应该是sb，最后的like turn off the tap应该是like turning等。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇11：考点12 情景交际 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

考点12 情景交际

1. - Shall we go to the art exhibition right away? -

A. It’s your opinion B. I don’t mind C. It’s all up to you D. That’s your decision

2. - It’s cloudy outside. Please take an umbrella. - .

A. Yes, take it easy B. Well, it just depends

C. OK, just in case D. All right, you’re welcome

3. - Could you do me a favor and take these books to my office? - Yes, .

A. for pleasure B. I could C. my pleasure D. with pleasure

4. - Do you think I could borrow your bicycle? -

A. How come？ B. Take your time. C. Yes, go on. D. Yes, help yourself.

5. - Let’s go swimming, shall we? - .

A. It’s my pleasure B. It doesn’t matter C. Yes, let’s go D. I agree with you

6. - May I take your order now?

- .

- OK, I will come back in few minutes.

A. Could you bring us the bill? B. Sure, we’d love to.

C. Yes, have it is. D. No, we need more time.

7. - Oh, it’s you. Come in, please. __________.

- Thank you very much. You have a good place here.

A. Long time no see B. Take it easy C. Make yourself at home D. Don’t worry

8. - What kind of food would you like to have?

- _ but Japanese.

A. Anything B. Something C. Everything D. All

9. - I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.

- good.

A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds

10. - Do you mind my smoking here? - .

A. No, thanks. B. No, good idea. C. Yes, please. D. Yes, better not.

11. - My family usually goes skating for vacation. I like skating, but I want to try something different this year.

- .

A. Let’s go. B. Cheer up. C. Like what? D. Take care.

12. - Shall I give you a fide as you live so far away? - Thank you. .

A. It couldn’t be better B. Of course you can C. If you like D. It’s up to you

13. - Your job open for your return. - Thanks.

A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept

14. - It’s been raining for a whole week. I think it’ll get fine soon.

- . We are getting into the rainy season now.

A. Yes, it will B. Of course not C. It’s possible D. It’s hard to say

15. - You know who came yesterday?

- Yao Ming? We had a basketball match.

- He came and watched the game.

A. You guessed it! B. Well done! C. How did you know that? D. That was good news!

16. - Would you take this along to the office for me? - .

A. With pleasure. B. That’s fight. C. Never mind. D. Don’t mention it.

17. - Michael was late for Mr. Smith’s oral class this morning.

- ? As far as I know, he never came late to class.

A. How come B. So what C. Why not D. What for

18. - I didn’t know this was a one-way street, officer. - .

A. That’s all fight. B. I don’t believe you.

C. How dare you say that? D. Sorry, but that’s no excuse.

19. - I don’t have any change with me. Will you pay the fare for me? - .

A. That’s fine B. Nothing serious C. Never mind D. No problem

20. - Do you mind if I keep pets in this building? - .

A. I’d rather you didn’t, actually B. Of course not, it’s not allowed here

C. Great! I love pets D. No, you can’t

21. - You’ve give us a wonderful Chinese dinner, Mrs. Wang. - .

A. Oh, I’m afraid I didn’t cook very well B. I’m glad you enjoyed it

C. Come again when you are free D. It’s not necessary for you to say so

22. - Shall I help you with that suitcase? - .

A. It’s all right, thanks B. Yes, go ahead please

C. I don’t want to trouble you too much D. No, please don’t do it

23. - I’m afraid I can’t finish the book within a week. - .

A. Please go ahead B. That’s all right C. Not at all D. Take your time

24. - No, I’m afraid he isn’t in, this is his secretary speaking. Can I help you? - .

A. Oh, you will B. Oh, that’s a pity

C. I should think so D. I look forward to hearing from you

25. - Do you mind if I open the door? - I feel a bit cold.

A. Of course not. B. I’d rather you didn’t. C. Go ahead. D. Why not?

26. - Waiter! My wife takes great interest in most of the food on the menu.

- Thanks, .

- Salad, fried fish, fried chicken and orange juice, please.

A. What can I do for you? B. At your service. C. Shall I take your order? D. Oh, what?

27. - Excuse me, where can I find the post office?

- Go down this street. Turn right at the first light and you’ll see it on the left.

- Did you say right at the first light?

- .

A. No, left B. OK C. Thank you D. You’re right

28. - I had a really good weekend at my uncle’s. - .

A. Oh, that’s very nice of you B. Congratulations

C. It’s a pleasure D. Oh, I’m glad to hear that

29. - Will you be sent aboard for further studies? - I have !

A. such no luck B. no such luck C. no such a luck D. not such a luck

30. - How did you find your visit to Qingdao, Joanna? - .

A. Oh, wonderful indeed B. I went the alone

C. First by train and then by ship D. A guide showed me the way

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇12：考点5 动词及动词短语 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

考点5 动词及动词短语

1. It was already past midnight and only three young men __________ in the tea house.

A. left B. remained C. delayed D. deserted

2. It’s already 10 o’clock I wonder how it ________ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.

A. came over B. came out C. came about D. came up

3. The building around the comer caught fire last night. The police are now ________ the matter.

A. geeing through B. working out C. looking into D. watching over

4. - Four dollars a pair? I think it’s a bit too much.

- If you buy three pairs, the price for each will ________ to three fifty.

A. come down B. take down C. turn over D. go over

5. Please tell me how the accident ________. I am still in the dark.

A. came by B. came upon C. came to D. came about

6. Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you ________ yesterday?

A. tried on B. put on C. had on D. pulled on

7. To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it ________ into parts.

A. down B. up C. off D. out

8. As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village scenes of my childhood.

A. called up B. called for C. called on D. called in

9. Although the wind has , the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.

A. turned up B. gone back C. died down D. blown out

10. Sherlock Homels was often able to a mystery without leaving his rooms on Baker Street.

A. tear up B. clean up C. clear up D. show up

11. Whenever we are to walk on the ice, do that it is solid and thick.

A. examine B. cheek C. try D. try out

12. - Smoking is bad for your health.

- Yes, I know. But I simply can’t .

A. give it up B. give it in C. give it out D. give it away

13. It is certain that he will his business to his son when he gets old.

A. take over B. think over C. hand over D. go over

14. The computer system suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.

A. broke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in

15. Her lost eyesight was by her sharp sense of hearing.

A. made up for B. made out C. made up of D. made up

16. People with loud voices really me .

A. turn; in B. turn; down C. turn; on D. turn; off

17. - The boss said we had only three days to finish the work.

- Don’t worry. We have already two thirds of it.

A. got down B. got through C. given in D. given away

18. Kathy a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.

A. picked up B. took up C. made up D. turned up

19. The dictionary is being printed and it will soon

A. turn out B. come out C. start out D. go out

20. If any one happens to drop in while I am out, him or her leave a message.

A. have B. get C. ask D. tell

21. It’s the present situation in poor areas that much higher spending on education and training.

A. answers for B. provides for C. calls for D. plans for

22. What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has ？

A. given out B. put out C. held up D. use up

23. Modern plastics can very high and very low temperatures.

A. stand B. hold C. carry D. support

24. We went to Canada to travel and my cousin as our guide.

A. played B. showed C. acted D. performed

25. I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson .

A. cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up

26. The company is starting a new advertising campaign to new customers to its stores.

A. join B. attract C. stick D. transfer

27. Before building a house, you will have to the government’s permission.

A. get from B. follow C. receive D. ask for

28. I couldn’t . The line was busy.

A. go by B. go around C. get in D. get through

29. - Ow! I’ve burnt myself!

- How did you do that?

- I a hot pot.

A. touched B. kept C. felt D. held

30. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without his notes.

A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on

31. This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can my father.

A. find out B. pick out C. look out D. speak out

32. They started off late and got to the airport with minutes to .

A. spare B. catch C. leave D. make

33. Nowadays, it’s considered acceptable for a couple to _ the marriage if it can’t bring them happiness.

A. hold down B. give away C. break off D. cut off

34. In our childhood, we were often by grandma to pay attention to our table manners.

A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped

35. April Fool’s Day is coming. Be careful not to be when others play tricks on you.

A. brought in B. caught in C. taken in D. made in

36. - Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it?

- Oh, really! I haven’t my mailbox yet.

A. examined B. reviewed C. tested D. checked

37. The doctor suggested my wife and me more exercise every day.

A. take B. taking C. to take D. took

38. Sometimes a footballer receives a yellow card for trying to the game.

A. hold up B. stay up C. break up D. point up

39. How proud she is! She has been Beijing University.

A. admitted to B. agreed to C. received by D. entered in

40. His idea of having weekly family meals together, which seemed difficult at first, has many good changes in their lives.

A. got through B. resulted from C. turned into D. brought about

41. Don’t take all the things. You should learn to with others.

A. spare B. share C. offer D. spend

42. When to repairing a computer, I have little knowledge of it.

A. I come B. it comes C. we come D. they come

43. The doctor had almost hope at one point, but the patient finally .

A. pulled out B. pulled through C. pulled up D. pulled over

44. After a year’s training, I’m sure he will the target.

A. hit B. strike C. beat D. knock

45. - I wonder if Joe has really learnt Italian.

- Not really. He just a few words of Italian by playing with the local children.

A. kept up B. picked up C. drew up D. caught up

46. - Ling Feng won the first prize in national English competition.

- Oh, really? I’m glad that her efforts at last .

A. worked out B. got back C. paid off D. turned out

II. 考点小资料（动词）

1．无被动结构的特殊动词：have, own, fit, last, want, suit, fail等；

2．含被动意义的主动语态的动词：feel, smell, taste, sound, prove等；

3．无进行时的动词： (1) 描写智力的：know, realize, understand, recognize, believe, feel, suppose, think, imagine, doubt, remember, forget, want, need, prefer, mean等；

(2) 描写感情状况的：love, like , appreciate, hate, dislike, fear, end, mind, care等；

(3) 表“所有，拥有”的：possess, have, own, belong等；

(4) 描写感官、官能状况的：taste, smell, sound, hear, look feel, see等；

(5) 表“存在”的：be, exist, obtain, stay等。

4．主动形式表示被动意义的情况

(1) 某些连系动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如 look，smell，taste，sound，feel，appear，prove，后面接形容词或名词做表语。如：The roses smell sweet. The theory proved true.

(2) 某些具有及物意义的不及物动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如read，write，translate，record，lock，shut，open，wash，clean，run，sell等。如：Your composition reads well. His voice records well.

(3) 表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，shut，run，move等。如：Work began at 7 o’clock this morning．The shop closes at 6 p．m．everyday．

(4) 少数动词用于进行时，主动形式表示被动含义，如print，build，cook，fly，hang，make等。如：The books are printing. The meat is cooking. My coat is hanging behind the door.

(5) 某些不及物动词(短语)的主动形式表示被动的意义。常见的有：happen，take place，break out， belong to，go out，run out等。如： The Anti -Japanese War broke out in 1937. The fire went out gradually.

5．三个特殊句式的固定时态： (1) This/It is the first/second … time + that从句。从句中一般用现在完成时，前面的is为was时，则用过去完成时。如：This is the first time I have come to the famous city. / It was the forth time he had made the same mistake. (2) It is/has been + 一段时间 + since从句。since从句中一般用一般过去时，如果前面是was，则since从句中用过去完成时。如：It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time．(3) It + be + 一段时间 + before从句。如果主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，意思是多长时间后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意思是多长时间后发生了某事。如：It won’t be long before he succeeds．(要不了多久他就会成功) / It was ten years before they met again．(十年后，他们又见面了)

责任编辑：李芳芳

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考点3 形容词和副词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)（精选12篇）

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