英语高一必修3作文

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“Moonkid”通过精心收集,向本站投稿了24篇英语高一必修3作文,以下是小编整理后的英语高一必修3作文,欢迎阅读与收藏。

篇1:英语高一必修3作文

我的英语学习方法 My English Learning Method

I like English. I think I can share my English learning method with you. First of all, develop interest on English. My way to make it is to watch movies from abroad. At first, I will watch the movie with subtitle. Then I will remove the subtitle, only English left. Gradually, show great interest in English. Secondly, recite vocabularies. Vocabulary is the necessary foundation to start learn English. This time you have to force yourself to remember words. Thirdly, understand basic grammar thoroughly. It is hard for me to understand the meaning of a sentence if I don’t know the basic grammar. Last but not least is to speak more. The basic purpose to learn a language is to communicate. So talk in English as much as you can. And don’t worry about losing face, because everyone makes mistakes. Those are my methods.

我喜欢英语。我觉得我可以和你分享一下我的英语学习方法。首先,培养对英语的兴趣。我的方法是看国外电影。一开始,我会留着字幕一起看。之后我就会不看字幕,只留英文。渐渐地,我对英语表现出极大的兴趣。其次,背诵词汇。词汇是学习英语的必要根基。这一点你只能强迫自己去背了。第三,完全理解基本语法。如果我不懂基本语法,我会很难理解一整个句子的意思。最后但并非最不重要的是要多说。学习语言的基本目的就是进行沟通。因此,尽可能多的用英语交谈。不要担心丢脸,因为每个人都会犯错误的。这些就是我的方法。

篇2:英语高一必修3作文

旅行能带给我们好心情 Travel can Bring us good Mood

I think everyone likes to travel, so do I. since I go to college, I have traveled to many places. Every time I go to the new place, I will be very excited and learn the things. Travel is like a lesson for me, because I will broaden my vision and enrich my experience, when I finish the journey, I will come back with the good mood.

我想每个人都喜欢旅行,我也一样。自从我上了大学,我就已经去过了很多地方。每次我到一个新的地方,我都会很兴奋,也学到新东西。旅游对于我来说就像是一门课,因为我会开阔视野,丰富经验,旅行结束的时候,我会带着好的心情回来。

My travel to Tibet impresses me so much, it was July, I went to Tibet with my friends. We took the train, we were so excited, watching the scenery all the way, we saw the flatland, there were less green, which was so different from our place. When the train was close to Tibet, I felt so tired and I couldn't use my power, I knew it altitude sickness, it took me many hours to get used to it. Tibet has different color in different season, for me, its beautiful scenery is color on the way, I am not interested in its tourist site, I like its natural color.

去西藏的旅游我印象很深刻,那是在七月,我和朋友们去西藏。我们坐火车,很兴奋,看着沿途的风景,我们看到了平原,几乎没什么绿色,和我们的地方很不一样。在火车即将到达西藏的时候,我很累,使不上劲,我知道那是高原反应,过了很久我才适应下来。西藏在不同的季节有不同的颜色,对于我来说,它的美丽风景就是沿途的风景,我对景点不感兴趣,只喜欢它天然的颜色。

The trip to Tibet brings me much knowledge, I experience many things, all of these are precious for me and I have the good mood to my life.

去西藏的旅程给了长了知识,我体验了很多东西,所有的这些都很宝贵,我对生活有了好心情。

篇3:英语高一必修3作文

People travel by plane, by train, by ship, by bus. To me, the best way of traveling on a summer vacation is to go on foot.

My preference depends on the purpose of the travel. On a summer vacation I travel to refresh myself and to see the countryside. When I use my feet and walk on a gracovered path along a river or among the hills I feel detached from the noise of the city and closer to the nature. And when I travel on foot I get more freedom. I can plan my own schedule. I can choose my own route. I can stop where I like. And I can see things and people that I might miif I travel on a train or on a bus. net

When faster and more convenient ways for travel are becoming available, I still favor using my own feet. I get much pleasure from it. People travel by plane, by train, by ship, by bus. To me, the best way of traveling on a summer vacation is to go on foot.

篇4:英语高一必修3作文

Do you know what mottos are?They are things people say that have a special meaning.I have a super motto and it works like magic.My motto is “Just do your best.”

I say it all the time.My motto guides me everyday.It's very helpful to me.It helps me face challenges and takes away my wories.It makes me feel stronger,too.For example,I was sick on a day that I had an important test.I was very nervous and afraid,so I told myself,“Just do your best.”Then I tried my best.I gave it one hundred percent and I did a great job.

英语高一必修3作文

篇5:英语高一必修3作文

Though we meet every day in the school and study together , we know little about what our classmates do in their free time. In order to make us understand each other better, our claheld a special show of our spare-time hobbies on May 21. We named the show “Spring's Call”.

Everyone in our clatook great interest in this show. We brought things made or ourselves to the school. There were lots of pictures, such as watercolour paintings, traditional Chinese paintings and sketches①. Some of them were so well-done② that people in the painting looked like real. There were works of penmanship③ and stamps, too. The beautiful stamps attracting our attention were from the U.S.A, Great Britain, Canada, Egypt and many other countries. The handiworks④on show were very exquisite⑤. We were all attracted by some small ancient Chinese weapons, such as swords, broadswords⑥.Two of them just like the broadswords used by Zhang Fei and Guan Yu, the senior generals in the Three Kingdoms. All these weapons were made of thick wire. They were praised by every visitor.

Through the show, we have known the strong points of others, especially we have seen something new and wonderful. We all hope we can hold another show in the near future.

篇6:北师大高一英语必修3课件

北师大高一英语必修3课件

1. occasion n.时刻,时节;大事;节日

[应试指导] (1)on no occasion位于句首时倒装的考查 (2)作先行词时定语从句引导词的考查

on occasion(s)偶尔,有时

on one occasion曾经,有一次

on this/that occasion在这个/那个时候

on no occasion绝不,不会

occasional adj.偶尔的,间或发生的

occasionally adv.有时,偶尔

It is an occasion for all the family to celebrate.

这是个值得举家庆祝的时刻。

What do they say when they meet on a formal occasion?

在正式场合见面的时候,他们要说什么?

[夯实基础]

语法填空

(1)I call on my parents on occasion.

(2)On no occasion should you do such a thing like that.

(3)I can remember very few occasions when he had to ask for leave because of ill health.

2. celebration n.庆祝;庆典(a speciallyorganized event to celebrate..

[应试指导] 祝贺类写作高频词汇

in celebration of为庆贺……

celebrate sth.庆祝……

congratulate sb./oneself on sth.因……向某人/自己庆贺

Congratulations!祝贺!恭喜!

Usually,no matter how far away or how busy we are,we will try to return home for the celebration.

通常不管我们多么远,多么忙,我们都努力回家来庆祝这一节日。(辽宁·书面表达)

[夯实基础]

语法填空

(1)The old couple held a party to celebrate(celebrate) their fiftieth wedding anniversary last week.

(2)I want to congratulate you on your success with all my heart.

(3)Celebrating/To celebrate(celebrate) Christmas is their custom.

(4)I congratulated myself on having chosen a good woman to be my wife.

3. power n.能力;力量;权力;动力

[应试指导] 在谚语中的应用

come to/into power掌权;上台

in one’s power在某人的掌控中

beyond/out of one’s power某人不能胜任的,超出某人能力的.

do all in one’s power尽力而为

As the saying goes,knowledge is power.

俗话说,知识就是力量。

She is said to have the power to foresee the future.

据说她有预测未来的能力。

She interviewed six women who have reached positions of great power and influence.

她采访了6名身居高位,并且颇具影响力的女士。

[夯实基础]

(1)语法填空

①The president is the most powerful(power) man in America.

②They have invented a new car,which is powered(power) by solar batteries.

(2)He told her that he would do everything in his power to prove that he was the man for her.

①He told her that he would do what he could to prove that he was the man for her.(改为含有what从句的复合句)

②He told her that he would do his best to prove that he was the man for her.(用do one’s best改写句子)

4. destroy v.摧毁,毁灭;破坏(damage...badly

destroy one’s health有害健康

destroy one’s career/hopes毁灭某人的事业/毁掉希望

cause/do damage to对……造成破坏

The fire destroyed most of the building.

大火把这座建筑物几乎烧毁了。

All hopes of a peaceful settlement were destroyed by his speech.

和平解决的希望都被他的讲话给毁了。

Failure was slowly destroying him.

失败渐渐地把他毁了。

[词义辨析] destroy,damage

(1)destroy表示毁灭性的破坏,多指无法修复。

(2)damage指不同程度的损害、毁坏;作名词时,表示“损害”。

[夯实基础]

(1)用destroy,damage的适当形式填空

①The bridge was destroyed by the flood.

②The strong sandstorm damaged most of the young trees.

(2)语法填空

①Smoking destroying(destroy) his health,he is quite weak now.

②His hope destroyed(destroy),he felt helpless.

5. decorate v.装饰;装修

[应试指导] 场所介绍类写作高频词汇

decorate...with...用……装饰……

decoration n.装饰;装修;装饰品

The hall is decorated with flowers.

大厅里摆放着鲜花。

[夯实基础]

语法填空

(1)With its simple decoration(decorate),the main bedroom is a peaceful heaven.

(2)He decorated his room with pictures of all his favorite sports figures.

6. serve v.服侍……进餐;服役;供职于;服务;用作

serve sth.to sb.=serve sb.sth.给某人端上……

serve the people为人民服务

serve as当作;作为

at the service of sb.=at one’s service听……差遣;随时准备为……做事

server n.服务器;侍者

Who will serve lunch to us/serve us lunch?

谁招待我们吃午饭?

The company said it would focus on making more competitive servers,storage and networking gear,as well as analytic software.

该公司说,它将专注于生产更有竞争力的服务器、存储设备和联网设备,以及分析软件。

[夯实基础]

(1)When the news came that the war broke out,he decided to serve in the army(去部队服役).

(2)She ushered(引导) me into the front room,which served as(用作) her office.

(3)We are at your service(随时为你服务).Don’t hesitate to turn to us if you have any further problems.

7. apply vt.&vi.涂(put or spread sth.onto a surface);应用(use);使用;申请(make a request);涉及(concern,relate)

apply vt.&vi.涂(put or spread sth.onto a surface);应用(use);使用;申请(make a request);涉及(concern,relate)

[应试指导] 申请类写作高频词汇

apply (to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申请某物

apply to适合

apply sth.to sth.把某物应用(涂抹)于……

apply oneself to (=be applied to)(doing)sth.致力于/集中精力于……

application n.申请;报名;适用

applicant n.申请者;应征者;报名者

Apply some medicine to his wound.

给他的伤口上点药吧。

What you said doesn’t apply to me.

你所说的并不适合我。

[夯实基础]

(1)用apply的适当形式填空

①The new technology,if applied to rice growing,will help increase the grain output.

②His application for membership of the organization was rejected.

③If the applicant is not a true candidate for the job,do not interview him.

(2)If you apply yourself to the job in hand,you’ll soon finish it.

①Applying yourself to the job in hand,you’ll soon finish it.(用现在分词短语作状语改写句子)

②Applied to the job in hand,you’ll soon finish it.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)

8. attend v.出席,参加(be present);照料,护理(take care of);处理,对付(deal with)

[应试指导] 其高级词汇是be present at

attend school/class/church上学/上课/做礼拜

attend on/upon sb.伺候某人;照顾某人

attend to sb./sth.处理;倾听;照料;专心;注意

Thousands of people attended the ceremony.

数千人参加了庆典。

They will not attend the Olympic Winter Games.

他们不会出席本届冬奥会。

The main thing is to attend to the injured.

首要任务是照顾伤者。

[夯实基础]

用attend短语的适当形式填空

(1)—Would you like to join us in the game?

—I’m afraid not,for I have something important to attend to.

(2)I’m staying at home tonight to attend on/to my father.

9. contribute v.捐献;捐助(give money or goods to...);是……的原因之一(be one of the causes of sth.);贡献;投稿(write...for...)

contribute v.捐献;捐助(give money or goods to...);是……的原因之一(be one of the causes of sth.);贡献;投稿(write...for...)

[多词一义] contribute to,result in,be responsible for,bring about,lead to,cause

contribute...to...把……贡献给……

contribute to(=result in/lead to)有助于;导致

make a contribution/contributions to对……作出贡献

He contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion.

他在这次讨论中提出很多好的想法。

Would you like to make a contribution to the hospital building fund?

你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗?

[夯实基础]

(1)同义句改写

Various factors contributed to his downfall.

Various factors resulted in/led to/were responsible for/caused his downfall.

(2)In a discussion group,it’s very important that everyone contributes(每个人都贡献) whatever’s in their minds.

10. link v.& n.关联;联系;关系

link...to/with把……连接起来

be linked to/with和……有联系

link up连接起来

Researchers have detected a link between smoking and heart disease.

研究人员发现了吸烟和心脏病之间的关系。

Television stations around the world are linked by satellites.

全世界的电视台通过卫星联系在一起。

[夯实基础]

语法填空

(1)Police suspect there may be a link between the two murders.

(2)The newspapers have linked his name with hers.

(3)The two spacecraft will link up with each other in orbit.

11. seriously adv.认真地;真诚地

take...seriously认真对待

be serious about对……严肃

I want people who take responsibility seriously.

我想招的是那些严肃对待责任的人。

I’m afraid I’m not a very serious person.

恐怕我不是一个非常严肃的人。

[夯实基础]

(1)It was a question which deserved serious consideration(认真考虑).

(2)He was serious about(认真对待) the matter.

12. mess n.脏或乱的状态;弄乱,弄脏

in a mess一片混乱

make a mess of把……弄乱

mess up把……弄糟

messy adj.杂乱的

When he returned home,he found everything in a terrible mess.

他回到家以后,发现一切都乱糟糟的。

Don’t mess up the house while I am gone.

我不在的时候别把房子里弄得乱糟糟的。

[夯实基础]

语法填空

(1)Mei began being upset and wondered why everything was in a mess.

(2)As the work tends to be a bit messy(mess),you’ll need to wear old clothes.

重点短语

1. burn down把……烧毁;渐渐烧完

burn...to the ground把……烧成平地

be burned/burnt out耗尽体力,累垮

be burning to do sth.热切盼望做某事

The village was burned to the ground during the war.

这个村庄在战争期间被烧得精光。

By the age of 25 she was completely burned out and retired from the sport.

她到25岁时就已体力耗尽,退出了体坛。

[夯实基础]

He is eager to tell us his great success.

He is burning to tell us his great success.(用burn短语改写句子)

2. take part in参与;参加

for one’s part就某人来说

for the most part(=mostly)多半;通常

in part部分地

play a part in参加;对……起作用

part with卖掉;放弃;出让

A good listener takes part in the conversation,offering ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.

一个好的倾听者要参与进对话中,出主意、提问题,使得谈话流畅进行。

Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel,David Copperfield,was that it was rather closely modeled on his own life.

狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。

[夯实基础]

选择方框内的短语填空

for the most part,in part,part with,play a part in

(1)All this may play a part in the war on terrorism.

(2)He naturally didn’t want to part with his house.

(3)His success is in part owing to luck.

(4)The students are,for the most part,from villages.

3. depend on/upon依靠,依赖,指望(=rely/count on/upon)

[应试指导] 交际用语It/That depends的考查

[多词一义] depend on,rely on,count on

depend on sb.to do...依靠某人做……

depending on取决于……

depend on it that...指望……;相信……

It/That (all) depends.视情况而定。

The cooking time needed depends on the size of the potato.

所需的烹饪时间取决于土豆的大小。

He depended on his writing for his income.

他靠写作赚取收入。

[夯实基础]

You can depend on him to help you.

(1)You can depend on it that he will help you.(用it作形式宾语改写句子)

(2)You can depend on his helping you.(用动名词改写句子)

4. on time准时;按时

in time及时

in no time立即,马上

at no time决不

at a time一次

at one time曾经;一度

keep time走得准;合拍

kill time消磨时间,

for the time being暂时

ahead of time提前

take one’s time别着急

Even if one makes a mistake,correcting mistakes in time is a good thing.

即使犯了错,及时改正也是一件好事。

[夯实基础]

用time的短语填空

(1)At no time did I feel they were being unreasonable.

(2)I want to be home in time for tea.

(3)You’d better do one thing at a time,so that you can concentrate on it.

(4)At one time,that kind of thing would have made me really angry.

5. put up建造,搭建;举起;留宿;提高;张贴;提出(意见等

[应试指导] 熟词新义的考查

put away把……收起来,放好;储存

put back放回原处;耽搁

put down放下;写下,记下;镇压

put up with忍受,忍耐

put on穿上;上演

In Picture 1,a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree surrounded by stumps,but in vain.

在第一幅画中,一个男子正努力把一面横幅标语挂在一棵被树桩包围的树上,但没有成功。(江苏·书面表达)

Tall buildings have been put up,including classrooms,laboratory buildings and a library.

包括教室、实验楼和图书馆在内的许多大楼已经建起来了。(福建·书面表达)

[夯实基础]

写出下列句子中put up的汉语意思

(1)She put up a notice about the school trip to Italy.张贴

(2)Several of the banks have decided to put up their interest rates.提高

(3)I was soaked before I could put my umbrella up.举起

(4)Would you be able to put me up for the night when I come to London?留宿

(5)It was Clare who first put up the idea of a concert to raise money for the school.提出

(6)John was in the garden putting a fence up.建造,搭建

6. carry on (with) 继续;坚持

[应试指导] “carry+副词”类语境词义辨析

carry away拿走;冲走;吸引住

carry back将……送/带回原地;使某人记起

carry off赢得;获得

carry out执行;实施;履行;完成

carry through达成;贯彻;使渡过难关

Her bravery has given him the will to carry on with his life and his work.

她的勇气激发了他继续生活和工作的意愿。

She was yelling and screaming and carrying on.

她又喊又叫,嘴里说个不停。

[夯实基础]

用carry短语的适当形式填空

(1)Carry on with your work and try to get it finished while I’m away.

(2)The first thing to be done is to carry away the earth.

(3)Police say they believe the last week’s attacks were carried out by nationalists.

篇7:高一必修3英语第二单元作文

高一必修3英语第二单元作文

This years Spring Festival is on February 14th. It is my happiest time. I have a lot of lucky money this year. I am very happy.

I had a very happy Spring Festival with my parents and grandparents. Do, however, I will take time to star written assignments and winter vacation homework, because in the winter holiday, I put the most of my time on the second star written examination, so not had time to complete the winter vacation homework, also good star written Im confident I can pass, mother should not be in vain. This section of the father, mother and I three people these days are between 10-12 o clock in the evening sleep, morning at 10-12 a.m., breakfast and lunch eat together, well, later again, be hungry faint.

The so-called New Year festival is a family reunion dinner on a table, talk about the interesting things that have happened in the past year, talk about the childrens learning situation, and have fun!

Of course, I still feel that Spring Festival is my happiest time.

篇8:英语高一必修3每单元作文

We all want to grow up happily and healthily, and for this goal we must do several things.

Firstly, we should develop a good attitude to life. Life consists of not only sunshine but also hard times. We should be brave in front of difficulties. Secondly, we must study hard because knowledge is power. If we have the power, we can help to build our country and enjoy life better. Lastly, in order to study well, we need to do sports so that we can keep fit. We can go running, play ball games or simply take a walk after a day's study.

If we do those things well, we will be able to grow up happily and healthily.

我们都想快乐健康地成长,所以我们必须做几件事情来实现这一目标。

首先,我们应该养成良好的生活态度。生命中不仅有阳光还有困难,我们应该勇敢的面对困难。其次,我们必须努力学习,因为知识就是力量。如果我们有能力,我们就可以帮助建设我们的国家,以及更好的享受生活。最后,为了取得好成绩,我们需要做运动来保持健康。我们可以在一天的学习之后去跑步,打球或只是简单的散散步。

如果我们做好这些事,我们将健康快乐地成长。

篇9:高一语文必修3教学计划

高一语文必修3教学计划

教学目标及措施:

1、阅读能力培养。

本学期加大课前预习的考查和课前问题的收集。督促学生自主学习,合作学习,自我解决问题。引起学习方式的转变。

能阅读文学类、论述类、实用类文本,能依据不同材料灵活运用阅读方法,提高阅读效率。

本学期要在阅读教学中,学会鉴赏小说,鉴赏诗歌。了解作品所涉及的有关背景材料,体会优秀作品蕴含的文化底蕴。例:通过学习《林黛玉进进贾府》,感悟《红楼梦》经典文学,从历史角度审视作品的价值,初步了解当代红学研究成果,如百家讲坛中红学家的言论及著作。同时要求做好摘记,写读后感、随笔等,从而,提高学生的阅读能力及速度,训练学生学会自己找资料,既达到开阔学生的视野又积累资料的目的。

2、文言文是本学期的重点。

继续培养学生阅读浅易文言文的能力。

诵读和背诵下列名篇:《杜甫诗三首》、《李商隐诗两首》、《蜀道难》、《琵琶行》、《劝学》、《师说》、《过秦论》最后三段、《寡人之于国也》。

借助工具书,梳理实词,虚词,会归纳整理文言文知识点。重立体知识的联系,会举一反三,从而达到积累整合之目的'。

3、表达与交流。

计划课堂作文5次。重视议论文文体的练习。从论点,论据,论证方法循序渐进。

每周完成1500字以上的练笔,练笔的时间、内容依据课程内容自定;每周抽改一组。

每两周写一次作文,力争在课堂上教会学生自改作文。

4、考查方式:

考试与过程性评价相结合。

过程性评价重课前预习、课堂表现、阅读积累三方面的考核,过程性评价占40%,期中与期末点60%。必修三课时为36学时。

自我发展:

1、学习一定篇目的课改教育理论,提高自身理论素养,同时做好阅读笔记。

2、认真学习领悟新课标,努力在教学中落实,反思,提高自身教学技能。

3、多读书,读整书,多好书。本学期再次品读《红楼梦》,从人物判词入手,研究人物命运与性格。研究红楼诗词。读麦家的《暗算》等当代文学作品。

4、写一篇教学论文,有关小说教学的----品味人物语言。

篇10:高一语文必修3知识点

高一语文必修3知识点

一、文言实词

1.通假字

(1)刚无望民之多于邻国也(通“毋”,不要)

(2)无失其时(通“毋”,不要)

(3)颁白者不负戴于道路矣(通“斑”,此处指头发花白)

(4)涂有饿莩而不知发(同“途”,道路)

(5)直不百步耳(直通只,仅仅)

2.特殊词义

(1)河内凶(谷物收成不好,荒年)

(2)邻国之民不加少(副词,更、更加)

(3)直不百步耳(只是,不过)

(4)数罟不入洿池(细密)

3.一词多义

(1)食

狗彘食人食而不知检(食:前一个为动词,吃;后一个为名词,食物)

(2)数

数口之家,可以无饥译(几,若干)

数罟不入洿池(密)

愿令得补黑衣之数(数目)

扶苏以数谏故(屡次)

(3)直

直不百步耳,是亦走也(只,不过)

中通外直,不蔓不枝(不弯曲)

系向牛头充炭直(通值,价钱)

(4)胜

不违农时,谷不可胜食也(尽)

驴不胜怒,蹄之(能承受)

其所谓战胜于朝廷(胜利)

日出江花红胜火,春来江水绿如蓝(超过)

予观夫巴陵胜状,在洞庭一湖(优美的)

(5)发

涂有饿莩而不知发(打开)

发閭左謫戍渔阳九百人(派遣)

百发百中(发射)

野芳发而幽香,佳木秀而繁阴(花开)

(6)兵

非我也,兵也(兵器)

穷兵黩武(军事力量)

必以长安君为质,兵乃出(军队)

草木皆兵(士兵)

4.词类活用

(1)名词作动词。

填然鼓之(敲鼓)

树之以桑(种植)

五十者可以衣帛矣(穿)

然而不王者(称王)

狗彘食人食而不知检(吃)

5、古今异义

(1)河内凶,则移其民于河东(古:黄河今:泛指河流)

(2)河内凶,则移其民于河东(古:谷物收成不好今:凶恶,厉害)

(3)弃甲曳兵而走(古:跑,逃走今:行,走路)

(4)是使民养生丧死无憾也(古:供养活着的人今:保养身体)

(5)五十者可以衣帛矣(古:可以凭借今:表示同意,认可)

(6)然而不王者,未之有也(古:然意为这样,而意为却今:转折连词)

(7)王无罪岁,斯天下之民至焉(古:不要归咎今:没有罪过)

二、文言虚词

1.而

(1)连词,连接状语和中心语,表修饰:弃甲曳兵而走

(2)连词,表承接:或百步而后止

(3)连词,表转折:然而不王者/狗彘食人食而不知检/涂有饿殍而不知发

(4)连词,表并列:是何异于刺人而杀之

2.其

(1)指示代词,相当于“那”“那里”:则移其民于河东

(2)代词,作定语成分:移其粟于河内(代河东的)/无失其时(它们的)

3.之

(1)助词,主谓之间取消句子独立性:寡人之于国也/则无望民之多于邻国也

(2)结构助词,的:察邻国之政/王道之始也

(3)衬音助词,无义:填然鼓之/树之以桑

⑷代词,作宾语成分:申之以孝悌之义(指代百姓)/未之有也(代前面所说的事)

4.焉

(1)句末语气助词:尽心焉耳矣

(2)代词:斯天下之民至焉(指代“王”)

5.然

(1)指示代词,这样:河东凶亦然/然而不王者

(2)形容词词尾,相当于“地”:填然鼓之

6.于

(1)介词,对于:寡人之于国也

(2)介词,表比较,比:则无望民之多于邻国也

(3)介词,在:颁白者不负戴于道路矣

三、文言句式

1.判断句

(1)养生丧死无憾,王道之始也(语气词“也”,表判断)

(2)然而不王者,末之有也(“……者,……也”,表判断)

(3)非我也,岁也(语气词“也”,表判断)

(4)是亦走也

(5)非我也,兵也

2.疑问句

(1)邻国之民不加少,寡人之民不加多,何也(疑问代词,与“也”连用,表疑问)

(2)以五十步笑百步,则何如(疑问代词“何”与“如”连用,表疑问)

(3)是何异于刺人而杀之,曰:“非我也,兵也。”(疑问代词“何”在此表示反问)

3.省略句

(1)(寡人)察邻国之政,无如寡人之用心者(省去主语“寡人”)

(2)填然鼓之,兵刃既接,(士兵)弃甲曳兵而走(省去主语“士兵”)

(3)以(是)五十步笑百步,则何如(“以”后省“是”,“以是”相当于“因此”)

(4)(梁惠王)曰:“不可,直不百步耳,是亦走也。”(省去主语“梁惠王”)

(5)(孟子)曰:“王如知此,则无望民之多于邻国也。”(省去主语“孟子”)

(6)(国家)谨庠序之教,申之以孝悌之义,颁白者不负戴于道路矣(省去主语“国家”)

(7)(王)则日:“非我也,岁也。”(省去主语“王”)

(8)五十者可以(之)衣帛矣

(9)七十者可以食肉矣

4.倒装句

(1)则无望民之多于邻国也(于邻国多,介词宾语后置)

(2)申之以孝悌之义(以孝悌之义申之,介词宾语后置)

(3)颁白者不负戴于道路矣(于道路女戴,介词宾语后置)

(4)未之有也(未有之,否定句中代词宾语前置)

语文的答题方法有哪些

一、表达方式:记叙、描写、抒情、说明、议论

二、表现手法:象征、对比、烘托、设置悬念、前后呼应、欲扬先抑、托物言志、借物抒情、联想、想象、衬托(正衬、反衬)

三、修辞手法:比喻、拟人、夸张、排比、对偶、引用、设问、反问、反复、互文、对比、借代、反语

四、记叙文六要素:时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过、结果

五、记叙顺序:顺叙、倒叙、插叙

六、描写角度:正面描写、侧面描写

七、描写人物的方法:语言、动作、神态、心理、外貌

八、描写景物的角度:视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉

九、描写景物的方法:动静结合(以动写静)、概括与具体相结合、由远到近(或由近到远)

十、描写(或抒情)方式:正面(又叫直接)、反面(又叫间接)

十一、叙述方式:概括叙述、细节描写

十二、说明顺序:时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序

十三、说明方法:举例子、列数字、打比方、作比较、下定义、分类别、作诠释、摹状貌、引用

十四、小说情节四部分:开端、发展、、结局

十五、小说三要素:人物形象、故事情节、具体环境

十六、环境描写分为:自然环境、社会环境

十七、议论文三要素:论点、论据、论证

十八、论据分类为:事实论据、道理论据

十九、论证方法:举例(或事实)论证、道理论证(有时也叫引用论证)、对比(或正反对比)论证、比喻论证

二十、论证方式:立论、驳论(可反驳论点、论据、论证)

如何学好高中阅读理解

1.了解出题者的意图

考试中每一种题型的设置都是有出题者的意图的,向他们想要通过这一类型的考题考察应试者相应的能力和素质。比如阅读理解题,考的就是应试者的阅读速度、理解能力、推断能力和总结归纳能力。

因此,平时练习阅读理解的时候,就要针对这几方面的能力进行专门的训练。

2.加强日常阅读量和阅读速度

在没有其他事儿的情况下,可以多看看散文、诗集、人物传记、短篇小说类的书籍,增加自己的阅读能力和知识面;同时,给自己限定看书的时间,比如多长时间看完一篇小说、看完后要写一份中心思想分析,不仅能提升阅读速度,还能保证总结能力的培养。

3.积极和别人沟通交流

看上去沟通交流和阅读理解没有多大关系,其实沟通交流的过程就是理解对方思想,并快速做出反应的过程。多交流、多沟通,就能培养自己的语言理解能力和快速反应应答能力,这对做阅读理解是很有帮助的!

4.加大试题训练强度

平时有时间的时候,多做做阅读理解的练习题,通过试题锻炼自己阅读速度、理解能力等多方面能力,在实战中寻求突破,提升自己阅读理解能力。

5.上课认真听讲

在语文课上,老师都会讲一些阅读理解的做题方法和训练方法,而且会随堂让大家进行自由练习,这是学习语文阅读理解的好时候,一定要抓住课堂的时间!

篇11:高一语文必修3必修4

高一语文必修3必修4

高一语文必修三背诵默写

一、李白(701~762),字( ),号( ),有?( )?之称,与杜甫并称?( )?。 唐代伟大的( )诗人。其诗想象新奇,构思奇特,感情强烈,意境奇伟瑰丽,语言清新明快,气势雄浑瑰丽,风格豪迈潇洒,形成( )的艺术风格,达到了我国古代积极浪漫主义诗歌艺术的高峰。存诗900余首,有《 》,是盛唐浪漫主义诗歌的代表人物。

㈠蜀道难

噫吁剑危乎高哉!蜀道之难,难于上青天!( ),( )! 尔来四万八千岁,不与秦塞通人烟。西当太白有鸟道,( )。

( ),( )。上有六龙回日之高标,下有冲波逆折之回川。黄鹤之飞尚不得,( )。青泥何盘盘,( )。( ),( )。

问君西游何时还?( )!但见悲鸟号古木,( )。又闻子规啼夜月,愁空山。蜀道之难,难于上青天,( )!连峰去天不盈尺,( )。( ),( )。其险也如此,( )!

( ),一夫当关,万夫莫开。( ),( )。朝避猛虎,( ),( ),杀人如麻。锦城虽云乐,不如早还家。蜀道之难,难于上青天!( )!

㈡李白诗歌中的名句:

1、长风破浪会有时,( )。2、抽刀断水水更流,( )。

3、两岸青山相对出,( )。4、( ),千金散尽还复来。

5、孤帆远影碧空尽,( )。6、人生得意须尽欢,( )。

7、我寄愁心与明月,( )。8、仰天大笑出门去, ( )。

9. ( ),使我不得开心颜。

二、杜甫(712~770),字( ),河南巩县人,自号( ),是我国唐代伟大的( )诗人。杜甫曾任左拾遗、检校工部员外郎,因此后世称其( )、( )。杜甫生活在唐朝由盛转衰的历史时期,其诗多涉笔社会动荡、政治黑暗、人民疾苦,他的诗被誉为?( )?。杜甫忧国忧民,人格高尚,诗艺精湛,被后世尊称为?( )?。杜甫一生写诗一千四百多首,其中很多是传颂千古的名篇,比如?三吏?和?三别?,并有《 》传世;其中?三吏?为《 》《 》和《 》,?三别?为:《 》《 》和《 》。杜甫的诗对后世影响深远。

㈠诗三首

1. 秋兴八首(其一)

玉露凋伤枫树林,( )。( ),( )。( ),( )。 寒衣处处催刀尺,( )。

2. 咏怀古迹五首(其三)

( ), 生长明妃尚有村。( ),( )。 ( ),( )。 千载琵琶作胡语,( )。

3. 登高

( ),( )。( ),( )。 ( ), 百年多病独登台。 ( ),( )。 ㈡杜甫诗歌中的名句

1.( ),一览众山小。 2.( ),下笔如有神。

3.( ),路有冻死骨。 4.( ),恨别鸟惊心。

5.( ),家书抵万金。 6. ( ),今上岳阳楼。

( ),( )。( ),( )。 ( ),( )。

7.( ),月涌大江流。8.( ),( )。( ),青春作伴好还乡。9.( ),不废江河万古流。

10、丹青不知老将至,( )。11.安得广厦千万间,( ),( )。12. ( ),润物细无声。13.出师未捷身先死,( )。14.露从今夜白( )。

三、白居易 (772~846),字( ),号( ),河南新郑人,中唐伟大的( )诗人。著有《 》七十一卷。 白居易晚年官至太子少傅,谥号?文?,世称白傅、白文公。在文学上积极倡导( )运动,主张?( ),诗歌合为事而作?,写下了不少感叹时世、反映人民疾苦的`诗篇,对后世颇有影响。一生作诗很多,以讽喻诗最有名,语言通俗易懂。叙事诗中《 》、《 》最为有名。 ㈠琵琶行

浔阳江头夜送客,( )。主人下马客在船,举酒欲饮无管弦。( ),( )。忽闻水上琵琶声,( )。

寻声暗问弹者谁?( )。移船相近邀相见,( )。千呼万唤始出来,( )。( ),( )。( ),似诉平生不得志。( ),说尽心中无限事。 ( ),初为《霓裳》后《六么》。大弦嘈嘈如急雨,( )。嘈嘈切切错杂弹,( )。( ),( )。冰泉冷涩弦凝绝,凝绝不通声渐歇。( ),( )。 ( ),( )。曲终 收拨当心画,四弦一声如裂帛。东船西舫悄无言,唯见江心秋月白。

沉吟放拨插弦中,( )。自言本是京城女,( )。十三学得琵琶成,名属教坊第一部。曲罢曾教善才服,妆成每被秋娘妒。五陵年少争缠头,一曲红绡不知数。( ),血色罗裙翻酒污。 今年欢笑复明年,( )。弟走从军阿姨死,( )。( ),老大嫁作商人妇。商人重利轻别离,前月浮梁买茶去。去来江口守空船,( )。夜深忽梦少年事,( )。

我闻琵琶已叹息,又闻此语重唧唧。( ),( )!我从去年辞帝京,( )。( ),终岁不闻丝竹声。 ( ),黄芦苦竹绕宅生。其间旦暮闻何物?( )。 ( ),往往取酒还独倾。岂无山歌与村笛,( )! 今夜闻君琵琶语,如听仙乐耳暂明。莫辞更坐弹一曲,( )。

感我此言良久立,却坐促弦弦转急。( ),( )。座中泣下谁最多,( )。

㈡白居易诗歌中名句

1.离离原上草,一岁一枯荣。野火烧不尽,春风吹又生。( ),( )。又送王孙去,( )。2.日出江花红胜火,( )。

3.( ),六宫粉黛无颜色。 4. 几处早莺争暖树,( )。

5.天长地久有时尽,( )。 6.在天愿作比翼鸟,( )。

7.乱花渐欲迷人眼,( )。

四、李商隐(812~858),字( ),号( )、樊南生。晚唐著名诗人。诗作文学价值很高,他和杜牧合称?( )?,与温庭筠合称为?温李?。 有《 》。

㈠诗两首

1.锦瑟

锦瑟无端五十弦,( )。( ),( )。 ( ),( )。( ),( )!

2.马嵬

海外徒闻更九州,( )。( ),( )。 ( ),( )。( ),( )。 ㈡李商隐诗词名句欣赏

1.( ),只是近黄昏。 2.天意怜幽草,( )。

3.( ),不问苍生问鬼神。 4. ( ),心有灵犀一点通。

5.( ),却话巴山夜雨时。 6.春蚕到死丝方尽,( )。

高中语文必修四背诵默写

一、柳永,北宋著名词人,婉约派最具代表性的人物。原名( ),字景庄,后改名永,字耆卿,排行第七,又称( )。宋仁宗朝进士,官至屯田员外郎,故世称( )。他自称?奉旨填词柳三变?,以毕生精力作词,制作了很多慢词长调,丰富扩大了词的表现内容。其词流传甚广,?凡有井水处皆能歌柳词。?有词集《 》

㈠1. 东南形胜,三吴都会,钱塘自古繁华。( ),( ),参差十万人家。( ),( ),天堑无涯。( ),( ),竞豪奢。 ( ),( ),( )。( ),( ),嬉嬉钓叟莲娃。千骑拥高牙,( ),( )。异日图将好景,归去凤池夸。

2.《雨霖铃》

( ),对长亭晚,( )。( ),留恋处,( )。执手相看泪眼,( )。念去去,千里烟波,( )。

( ),( )!( )?( ),( )。此去经年,( )。( ),更与何人说! ㈡柳永词中的名句 ( ),为伊消得人憔悴。(柳永《蝶恋花》)。 二、苏轼,字( ),号( )。四川眉山人,北宋著名文学家、书画家、诗人、词人,豪放派词人代表。与父亲( )、弟弟( ),皆以文学名世,世称?三苏?;作为杰出的词人,开创了豪放词风,同杰出词人辛弃疾并称为?( )?。在诗歌上,与( )并称?苏黄?。 词集有《 》等。在书法方面成就也很大,与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称?宋四家?。

㈠1.《念奴娇〃赤壁怀古》

大江东去,( ),千古风流人物。故垒西边,人道是,三国周郎赤壁。( ),( ),卷起千堆雪。江山如画,一时多少豪杰。

( ),( ),( )。( ),谈笑间,

( )。故国神游,多情应笑我,早生华发。人生如梦,( )。

2.《定**》

莫听穿林打叶声,( )。( ),谁怕?( )。( ),微冷,( )。( ),归去,( )。 ㈡苏轼词中的名句

1.( ),( ),此事古难全。但愿人长久,( )。

2.( ),西北望,射天狼。《江城子》3.( ),不思量,自难忘。

4.枝上柳绵吹又少,( )! 《蝶恋花》

三、辛弃疾,南宋爱国词人。字( ),号( ),山东历城人。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》,条陈战守之策,显示其卓越军事才能与爱国热忱。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情,倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤,对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责;也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广范又善化用前人典故入词,风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。作品集有《 》。

㈠1.《水龙吟〃登建康赏心亭》 辛弃疾

楚天千里清秋,( )。( ),( ),( )。落日楼头,( ),江南游子。( ),( ),无人会、( )。 ( ),尽西风、( )?( ),怕应羞见,( )。可惜流年,( ),( )。( ),( ),( )?

2.《永遇乐 〃京口北固亭怀古》

千古江山,( )。( ),风流总被雨打风吹去。( ),( ),人道寄奴曾住。想当年,( ),气吞万里如虎。

( ),( ),( )。四十三年,( ),( )。( )高一语文必修3必修4,( ),( )!凭谁问:廉颇老矣,尚能饭否? ㈡辛弃疾词中的名句

1.郁孤台下清江水,中间多少行人泪?西北望长安,( )。青山遮不住,( )。江晚正愁予,山深闻鹧鸪。 《菩萨蛮?书江西造口壁》

2. ( ),( ),可怜白发生!《破阵子》 3.千古兴亡多少事,悠悠,( )。

四、李清照,号( ),今山东济南人,宋代婉约词派代表人物。她擅长书、画,通晓金石,而尤精诗词。她的词作独步一时,流传千古,被誉为?词家一大宗?。她的词分前期和后期。前期多写其悠闲生活,多描写爱情生活、自然景物,韵调优美;后期多悲叹身世,情调感伤,也流露出对中原的怀念。有《易安词》,已散佚。后人有《 》辑本。今有《李清照集校注》。

㈠1.《醉花阴》

( ),( )。 佳节又重阳,( ),半夜凉初透。

( ),( )。( ),( ),人比黄花瘦。

2.《声声慢》

寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,( )。( ),( )。三杯两盏淡酒,怎敌他、晚来风急?( ),( ),( )。( ),( ),( )?守着窗儿,( )?( ),到黄昏,点点滴滴。( ),怎一个愁字了得?

㈡1. 红藕香残玉簟秋,轻解罗裳,独上兰舟。云中谁寄锦书来? ( ),( )。( ),一种相思,两处闲愁。此情无计可消除,( ),( )。《一剪梅》

2. 兴尽晚回舟,( )。 争渡,争渡,( )《如梦令》

3.知否?知否?应是绿肥红瘦。《如梦令》

五、王国维在《人间词话》说:?古今之成大事业、大学问者,必经过三种之境界:

‘( ),( ),( )’(晏殊的《蝶恋花》);此第一境也。‘( ),( )’ (柳永《蝶恋花》)此第二境也。‘( ),( ),( ),( )’ (辛弃疾《青玉案》),此第三境也。?

篇12:高一数学必修3课件

高一数学必修3课件

高一数学必修3教学设计课件

第一章 算法初步

本章教材分析

算法是数学及其应用的重要组成部分,是计算科学的重要基础.算法的应用是学习数学的一个重要方面.学生学习算法的应用,目的就是利用已有的数学知识分析问题和解决问题.通过算法的学习,对完善数学的思想,激发应用数学的意识,培养分析问题、解决问题的能力,增强进行实践的能力等,都有很大的帮助.

本章主要内容:算法与程序框图、基本算法语句、算法案例和小结.教材从学生最熟悉的算法入手,通过研究程序框图与算法案例,使算法得到充分的应用,同时也展现了古老算法和现代计算机技术的密切关系.算法案例不仅展示了数学方法的严谨性、科学性,也为计算机的应用提供了广阔的空间.让学生进一步受到数学思想方法的熏陶,激发学生的学习热情.

在算法初步这一章中让学生近距离接近社会生活,从生活中学习数学,使数学在社会生活中得到应用和提高,让学生体会到数学是有用的,从而培养学生的学习兴趣.“数学建模”也是高考考查重点.

本章还是数学思想方法的载体,学生在学习中会经常用到“算法思想” “转化思想”,从而提高自己数学能力.因此应从三个方面把握本章:

(1)知识间的联系;

(2)数学思想方法;

(3)认知规律.

本章教学时间约需12课时,具体分配如下(仅供参考):

1.1.1  算法的概念 约1课时

1.1.2  程序框图与算法的基本逻辑结构 约4课时

1.2.1  输入语句、输出语句和赋值语句 约1课时

1.2.2  条件语句 约1课时

1.2.3  循环语句 约1课时

1.3算法案例 约3课时

本章复习约1课时

1.1  算法与程序框图

1.1.1  算法的概念

整体设计

教学分析

算法在中学数学课程中是一个新的概念,但没有一个精确化的定义,教科书只对它作了如下描述:“在数学中,算法通常是指按照一定规则解决某一类问题的明确有限的步骤.”为 了让学生更好理解这一概念,教科书先从分析一个具体的二元一次方程组的求解过程出发,归纳出了二元一次方程组的求解步骤,这些步骤就构成了解二元一次方程组的算法.教学中,应从学生非常熟悉的例子引出算法,再通过例题加以巩固.

三维目标

1.正确理解算法的概念,掌握算法的基本特点.

2.通过例题教学,使学生体会设计算法的基本思 路.

3.通过有趣的实例使学生了解算法这一概念的同时,激发学生学习数学的兴趣.

重点难点

教学重点:算法的含义及应用.

教学难点:写出解决一类问题的算法.

课时安排

1课时

教学过程

导入新课

思路1(情境导入)

一个人带着三只狼和三只羚羊过河,只有一条船,同船可容纳一个人和两只动物,没有人在的时候,如果狼的数量不少于羚羊的数量狼就会吃羚羊.该人如何将动物转移过河?请同学们写出解决问题的步骤,解决这一问题将要用到我们今天学习的内容——算法.

思路2(情境导入)

大家都看过赵本山与宋丹丹演的小品吧,宋丹丹说了一个笑话,把大象装进冰箱总共分几步?

答案:分三步,第一步:把冰箱门打开;第二步:把大象装进去;第三步:把冰箱门关上.

上述步骤构成了把大象装进冰箱的算法,今天我们开始学习算法的概念.

思路3(直接导入)

算法不仅是数学及其应用的重要组成部分,也是计算机科学的重要基础.在现代社会里,计算机已成为人们日常生活和工作中不可缺少的工具.听音乐、看电影、玩游戏、打字、画卡通画、处理数据,计算机是怎样工作的呢?要想弄清楚这个问题,算法的学习是一个开始.

推进新课

新知探究

提出问题

(1)解二元一次方程组有几种方法?

(2)结合教材实例 总结用加减消元法解二元一次方程组的步骤.

(3)结合教材实例 总结用代入消元法解二元一次方程组的步骤.

(4)请写出解一般二元一次方程组的步骤.

(5)根据上述实例谈谈你对算法的理解.

(6)请同学们总结算法的特征.

(7)请思考我们学习算法的意义.

讨论结果:

(1)代入消元法和加减消元法.

(2)回顾二元一次方程组

的求解过程,我们可以归纳出以下步骤:

第一步,①+②×2,得5x=1.③

第二步,解③,得x= .

第三步,②-①×2,得5y=3.④

第四步,解④, 得y= .

第五步,得到方程组的解为

(3)用代入消元法解二元一次方程组

我们可以归纳出以下步骤:

第一步,由①得x=2y-1.③

第二步,把③代入②,得2(2y-1)+y=1.④

第三步,解④得y= .⑤

第四步,把⑤代入③,得x=2× -1= .

第五步,得到方程组的解为

(4)对于一般的二元一次方程组

其中a1b2-a2b1≠0,可以写出类似的求解步骤:

第一步,①×b2-②×b1,得

(a1b2-a2b1)x=b2c1-b1c2.③

第二步,解③,得x= .

第三步,②×a1-①×a2,得(a1b2-a2b1)y=a1c2-a2c1.④

第四步,解④,得y= .

第五步,得到方程组的解为

(5)算法的定义:广义的算法是指完成某项工作的方法和步骤,那么我们可以说洗衣机的使用说明书是操作洗衣机的算法,菜谱是做菜的算法等等.

在数学中,算法通常是指按照一定规则解决某一类问题的明确有限的`步骤.

现在,算法通常可以编成计算机程序,让计算机执行并解决问题.

(6)算法的特征:①确定性:算法的每一步都 应当做到准确无误、不重不漏.“不重”是指不是可有可无的,甚至无用的步骤,“不漏” 是指缺少哪一步都无法完成任务.②逻辑性:算法从开始的“第一步”直到“最后一步”之间做到环环相扣,分工明确,“前一步”是“后一步”的前提, “后一步”是“前一步”的继续.③有穷性:算法要有明确的开始和结束,当到达终止步骤时所要解决的问题必须有明确的结果,也就是说必须在有限步内完成任务,不能无限制地持续进行.

(7)在解决某些问题时,需要设计出一系列可操作或可计算的步骤来解决问题,这些步骤称为解决这些问题的算法.也就是说,算法实际上就是解决问题的一种程序性方法.算法一般是机械的,有时需进行大量重复的计算,它的优点是一种通法,只要按部就班地去做,总能得到结果.因此算法是计算科学的重要基础.

应用示例

思路1

例1  (1)设计一个算法,判断7是否为质数.

(2)设计一个算法,判断35是否为质数.

算法分析:(1)根据质数的定义,可以这样判断:依次用2—6除7,如果它们中有一个能整除7,则7不是质数,否则7是质数.

算法如下:(1)第一步,用2除7,得到余数1.因为余数不为0,所以2不能整除7.

第二步,用3除 7,得到余数1.因为余数不为0,所以3不能整除7.

第三步,用4除7,得到余数3.因为余数不为0,所以4不能整除7.

第四步,用5除7,得到余数2.因为余数不为0,所以5不能整除7.

第五步,用6除7,得到余数1.因为余数不为0,所以6不能整除7.因此,7是质数.

(2)类似地,可写出“判断35是否为质数”的算法:第一步,用2除35,得到余数1.因为余数不为0,所以2不能整除35.

第二步,用3除35,得到余数2.因为余数不为0,所以3不能整除35.

第三步,用4除35,得到余数3.因为余数不为0,所以4不能整除35.

第四步,用5除35,得到余数0.因为余数为0,所以5能整除35.因此,35不是质数.

点评:上述算法有很大的局限性,用上述算法判断35是否为质数还可以,如果判断1997是否为质数就麻烦了,因此,我们需要寻找普适性的算法步骤.

变式训练

请写出判断n(n >2)是否为质数的算法.

分析:对于任意的整数n( n>2),若用i表示2—(n-1)中的任意整数,则“判断n是否为质数”的算法包含下面的重复操作:用i除n,得到余数r.判 断余数r是否为0,若是,则不是质数;否则,将i的值增加1,再执行同样的操作.

这个操作一直要进行到i的值等于(n-1)为止.

算法如下:第一步,给定大于2的整数n.

第二步,令i=2.

第三步,用i除n,得到余数r.

第四步,判断“r=0”是否成立.若是,则n不是质数,结束算法;否则,将i的值增加1,仍用i表示.

第五步,判断“i>(n-1)”是否成立.若是,则n是质数,结束算法;否则,返回第三步.

例2  写出用“二分法”求方程x2-2=0 (x>0)的近似解的算法.

分析:令f(x)=x2-2,则方程x2-2=0 (x>0)的解就是函数f(x)的零点.

“二分法”的基本思想是:把函数f(x)的零点所在的区间[a,b](满足f(a)f(b)<0)“一分为二”,得到[a,m]和[m,b].根据“f(a)f(m)<0”是否成立,取出零点所在的区间[a,m]或[m,b],仍记为[a,b].对所得的区间[a,b]重复上述步骤,直到包含零点的区间[a,b]“足够小”,则[a,b]内的数可以作为方程的近似解.[来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K]

解:第一步,令f(x)=x2-2,给定精确度d.

第二步,确定区间[a,b],满足f(a)f(b)<0.

第三步,取区间中点m= .

第四步,若f(a)f(m)<0,则含零点的区间为[a,m];否则,含零点的区间为[m,b].将新得到的含零点的区间仍记为[a,b].

第五步,判断[a,b]的长度是否小于d或f(m)是否等于0.若是,则m是方程的近似解;否则,返回第三步.

当d=0.005时,按照以上算法,可以得到下表.

a b |a-b|

1 2 1

1 1.5 0.5

1.25 1.5 0.25

1.375 1.5 0.125

1.375 1.437 5 0.062 5

1.406 25 1.437 5 0.031 25

1.406 25 1.421 875 0.015 625

1.414 062 5 1.421 875 0.007 812 5

1.414 062 5 1.417 968 75 0.003 906 25

于是,开区间(1.414 062 5,1.417 968 75)中的实数都是当精确度为0.005时的原方程的近似解.实际上,上述步骤也是求 的近似值的一个算法.

点评:算法一般是机械的,有时需要进行大量的重复计算,只要按部就班地去做,总能算出结果,通常把算法过程称为“数学机械化”.数学机械化的最大优点是它可以借助计算机来完成,实际上处理任何问题都需要算法.如:中国象棋有中国象棋的棋谱、走法、胜负的评判准则;而国际象棋有国际象棋的棋谱、走法、胜负的评判准则;再比如 申请出国有一系列的先后手续,购买物品也有相关的手续……

思路2

例1  一个人带着三只狼和三只羚羊过河,只有一条船,同船可容纳一个人和两只动物,没有人在的时候,如果狼的数量不 少于羚羊的数量就会吃羚羊.该人如何将动物转移过河?请设计算法.

分析:任何动物同船不用考虑动物的争斗但需考虑承载的数量,还应考虑到两岸的动物都得保证狼的数量要小于羚羊的数量,故在算法的构造过程中尽可能保证船里面有狼,这样才能使得两岸的羚羊数量占到优势.

解:具体算法如下:

算法步骤:

第一步:人带两只狼过河,并自己返回.

第二步:人带一只狼过河,自己返回.

第三步:人带两只羚羊过河,并带两只狼返回.

第四步:人带一只羊过河,自己返回.

第五步:人带两只狼过河.

点评:算法是解决某一类问题的精确描述,有些问题使用形式化、程序化的刻画是最恰当的.这就要求我们在写算法时应精练、简练、清晰地表达,要善于分析任何可能出现的情况,体现思维的严密性和完整性.本题型解决问题的算法中某些步骤重复进行多次才能解决,在现实生活中,很多较复杂的情境经常遇到这样的问题,设计算法的时候,如果能够合适地利用某些步骤的重复,不但可以使得问题变得简单,而且可以提高工作效率.

例2  喝一杯茶需要这样几个步骤:洗刷水壶、烧水、洗刷 茶具、沏茶.问:如何安排这几个步骤?并给出两种算法,再加以比较.

分析:本例主要为加深对算法概念的理解,可结合生活常识对问题进行分析,然后解决问题.

解:算法一:

第一步,洗刷水壶.

第二步,烧水.

第三步,洗刷茶具.

第四步,沏茶.

算法二:

第一步,洗刷水壶.

第二步,烧水,烧水的过程当中洗刷茶具.

第三步,沏茶.

点评:解决一个问题可有多个算法,可以选择其中最优的、最简单的、步骤尽量少的算法.上面的两种算法都符合题意,但是算法二运用了统筹方法的原理,因此这个算法要比算法一更科学.

例3  写出通过尺轨作图确定线段AB一个5等分点的算法.

分析:我们借助于平行线定理,把位置的比例关系变成已知的比例关系,只要按照规则一步一步去做就能完成任务.

解:算法分析:

第一步,从已知线段的左端点A出发,任意作一条与AB不平行的射线AP.

第二步,在射线上任取一个不同于端点A的点C,得到线段AC.

第三步,在射线上沿AC的方向截取线段CE=AC.

第四步,在射线上沿AC的方向截取线段EF=AC.

第五步,在射线上沿AC的方向截取线段FG=AC.

第六步,在射线上沿AC的方向截取线段GD=AC,那么线段AD=5AC.

第七步,连结DB.

第八步,过C作BD的平行线,交线段AB于M,这样点M就是线段AB的一个5等分点.

点评:用算法解决几何问题能很好地训练学生的思维能力,并能帮助我们得到解决几何问题的一般方法,可谓一举多得,应多加训练.

知能训练

设计算法判断一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0是否有实数根.

解:算法步骤如下:

第一步,输入一元二次方程的系数:a,b,c.

第二步,计算Δ=b2-4ac的值.

第三步,判断Δ≥0是否成立.若Δ≥0成立,输出“方程有实根”;否则输出“方程无实根”,结束算法.

点评:用算法解决问题的特点是:具有很好的程序性,是一种通法.并且具有确定性、逻辑性、有穷性.让我们结合例题仔细体会算法的特点.

拓展提升

中国网通规定:拨打市内电话时, 如果不超过3分钟,则收取话费0.22元;如果通话时间超过3分钟,则超出部分按每分钟0.1元收取通话费,不足一分钟按一分钟计算.设通话时间为t(分钟),通话费用y(元),如何设计一个程序,计算通话的费用.

解:算法分析:

数学模型实际上为:y关于t的分段函数.

关系式如下:

y=

其中[t-3]表示取不大于t-3的整数部分.

算法步骤如下:

第一步,输入通话时间t.

第二步,如果t≤3,那么y=0.22;否则判断t∈Z 是否成立,若成立执行

y=0.2+0.1×(t-3);否则执行y=0.2+0.1×([t-3]+1).

第三步,输出通话费用c.

课堂小结

(1)正确理解算法这一概念.

(2)结合例题掌握算法的特点,能够写出常见问题的算法.

作业

课本本节练习1、2.

设计感想

本节的引入精彩独特,让学生在感兴趣的故事里进入本节的学习.算法是本章的重点也是本章的基 础,是一个较难理解的概念.为了让学生正确理解这一概念,本节设置了大量学生熟悉的事例,让学生仔细体 会反复训练.本节的事例有古老的经典算法,有几何算法等,因此这是一节很好的课例.

篇13:高一英语作文必修

高一英语作文必修

1、假设你是李华,你的美国笔友Linda来信说她家搬到了一个新城市,她几乎没有朋友,每天除了上课就是在家上网,感觉很孤独。请你给她写一封信,劝她多结交朋友,参加社会活动。 Dear Linda,

I know it’s hard to start a new life in a strange city. However, just staying at home doing nothing but surf the Internet is not good for you. You’d better go out and join in some social activities. By doing this, you can get to know more people around. And it would be a good During my holiday, I visited the West Lake in Hangzhou. Bright flowers, green trees, lovely birds and ancient towers attracked lots of tourists from all over the world. To enjoy its beauty, many of them biked around the lake. In the evening, the lake was more beautiful in the moonlight. I took a happy walk and went to a wonderful music festival.

I am sure that you will fall in love with this place when you visit it, and I am very glad to be your guide.

idea to help others if possible and show them you are open and friendly as well.

With time going on, people will know you better and like to make friends with you. Best wishes!

Yours, Li Hua

2、假设你是李华,某中学生杂志英语习作专栏正在开展主题为“Why should we learn English?”的征文活动。请你根据所给要点写一篇征文稿。

1)提高学习语言的能力;2)有助于了解异国文化;3)能够结识更多的朋友。

English is an international language so it is necessary and good for us to learn English. First, learning English can help us express ourselves in different ways. We learn new words and grammar, which makes it possible for us to learn new languages well in the future. Second, learning English opens the door to another culture. When we learn English, we will be able to understand its culture. Last, learning English allows us to make a lot of friends. We can communicate with many people in English by meeting them or on the Internet. In a word, learning English means a lot. We should work hard and learn it well.

3、假设你是李华,你的美国笔友Hurry是一名旅游爱好者。请你根据以下要点,给他写一封信你暑假期间的西湖之旅。

1)湖光塔影,花木芬芳 2)莺啼燕语,游人如织 3)夜游西湖,赏音乐节 Dear Harry,

How did you spend your summer holidays? I’d like to share my last trip with you.

Yours, Li Hua

4、假设你是校报英语专栏的记者李华,你校男子足球队在全市第五届中学生足球比赛中获得冠军。请你根据以下内容要点,写一篇新闻稿。 比赛时间:2011.9.24―2011.9.30 比赛地点:朝阳体育馆 参加球队:10支中学足球队

比赛进程:校队首场比赛0比1失利,决赛3比2获胜

注意:1、词数100左右;2、可以适当增加情节,以使行文连贯;3、参考词汇:体育馆staium。

Notice

Do you want to record the wonderful moment in your life and share it with others? The School DV Contest, organized by the English Club, will give you such a good chance to share your beautiful life with move people. You are welcome to offer your video about school life, family life or the great changes in your hometown. Your video should be within 15 minutes and uploaded before November 27th , 2011. Once you have created your video, you can simply upload it to the school website. The contest encourages people of all video experience levels. Join it, and you will be the winner!

November 5th, 2011

5、假设你是英语专栏的记者李华,你校男子足球队在全市第五届中学生足球比赛中获得冠军。请你根据以下内容要点,写一篇新闻稿。

比赛时间:2011.9.24-2.11.9.30 比赛地点:朝阳体育馆 参加球队:10支中学生足球队

比赛进程:校队首场比赛0比1失利,决赛3比2获胜

On September 24,2011the Fifth High School Football Game was held at Chaoyang My name is Li Hua, a 16-year-old boy from China. As a senior high school student. I would like to do my part in protecting our cul tural relics.

I know that your organization has done a lot to help protect cultural relics around the world. Cu ltural relics are the treasures of human beings. As a teenager, I need to play an active role in protecting them from being damaged or further damaged.

Stadium. Our boys’ football team becme the winner on the night of Sptember 30.

Over 100 foobball players from ten teams took part in the game. Our football team lost to another te

第一文库网am by 0 to 1in the very first game. But in the games that followed, our team never looked back. In the final game, our tam won by a score of 3 to 2.

It was a great success and our football team became the first to win the game, although losing the opening game.

6、假设你是李华,你的英国好友Bob来信说他在上周的登山运动中腿部骨折。请你给写一封回信,内容包括:1、表达关心之情;2、建议及时治疗;3、祝他早日康复。 Dear Bob,

I feel very sorry to learn that you broke your legs while climbing last week.

I can understand your feelings and situations that you must be going through. I know you are brave, but my heartiest advice is to take the best treatment. You had better have a good rest at home and take some exercise so that your legs will become strong soon. I am always thinking about you and wish you a quick recovery.

Please do let me know if you need any help and I will be ready to give you a band. Best wishes.

Yours, Li Hua

7、假设你是李华,某国际遗址保护组织正在全球招募青少年志愿者,请根据以下要点提示给该组织的负责人Mr.Blake写一封申请信。

介绍个人情况;表明申请意愿;期待早日回复。

If y application could be taken into consideration, I would b very grateful. I am looking

forward to your early reply. Yours. Li Hua

8、假设你是李华,某中学生英语学习网站“体育专栏”正在征集稿件。请你根据下表所提示的'信息,写一篇英语短文介绍中国的网球运动。 概况:发展迅速,群众基础广泛

成绩: 李婷 孙甜甜 奥运会女子双打冠军;李娜 法国网球公开赛女子单打冠军 发展:重视队伍建设,培养更多的后备力量

Tennis is a popular worldwide Olympic sprot and is enjoyed by millions of people at all ages.

Women’s tennis is one of the fastest growing sports in China. Li Ting and Sun Tiantian competed in the 2004 Summer Olympic Games , and won the gold medal in women’s doubles final. Li Na is the most popular Chinese tennis player. She won the French Open singles title in 2011, becoming the first Chinese and Asian player to make history in France. An effort is being made to get more kids to take part in the sport and playing tennis is becoming a big part of their life

9、假设你是李华,刚刚收到英国笔友Andy给你寄来的生日礼物。请根据以不要点提示给Andy写一电子邮件。

表达诚挚的谢意;询问Andy的近况;祝他学业进步。 Dear Andy,

You really gave me a nice surprise on my big day. Thand you so much for your beartiful gift. I love it!

How is every thing going with you? What are you studying? If you have time, please write to me about your classmates, your teachers and the interesting activities in your school. I’d like to know everything in your high school life. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Thanks again for your wonderful gift. Best wishes for good health and great success in the endangered species. Second, we can join a local or national organization that works to protect the endangered or threatnened animals. Last but not least, lead a green life and avoid buying any products that have been made from the endangered animals.

In a word, we all can make a difference in protecting the endangered species from your studies.

10、假设你是李华,某国际中学生科技论坛正在开展主题为“My Robot”的征文活动。请根据以下提示信息定一篇英语短文参加此次活动。

简单描述外型;介绍其基本功能;说明它的意义。

With the development of science and technology, my dream of having my own home robot will come true.

It looks smart and has a lovely face. It can do daily life tasks well and ren fast. Every day it can wake me up, prepare a tasty breakfast for me and do some cleaning in my room. In my spare time, it can play games with me and talk with me. When I feel sad, it can make me happy.

In a word, a wonderful home robot wil free us from boring work and bring us more joy and happiness.

11、以下是一则来身某英语报纸的新闻报道,请你结合新闻内容和提示要点写一篇英语短文。 November 24, 2011 Thursday

Wild animals play an important role in our environment. However, many human activities have put them in serious danger of extinction. By the year 2025,one fifth of the world’s animal species may be extinct.

描述动物的现状;应该采取措施;谈谈自己的看法。

Nowadays human activies have put a lot of wild animals on the endangered species list.

However, we can do a lot to help protect the endangered animals. First, we can volunteer our time to help protect the natural habitals for animals. It is one of the best ways to protect

extinction.

10.在最近的一次主题为中学生课余时间上网的英语班会上,同学们对上网的利弊争论不休,意见不能统一。作为班长,请你根据下列信息,作总结性发言。 1. 时间是自己的,提倡多上网 上网可以,但必须限时

2. 网络使我们的交流方便,可获得国内外新知识及最新信息 多数人上网是玩游戏、聊天而不是真正学习或查阅资料

3. 网络同时也丰富了学生的业余生活 个别同学甚至沉迷网络游戏而逃学

要求: 1. 覆盖以上内容,可作适当发挥; 2. 发言的开头和结尾已给出(不计入总词数); 3. 词数:120左右。

Attention, please! I’m going to give you a summary of today’s discussion about whether we should go on line in our spare time. Many students think we can go on line as much as possible in our spare time because we are free then. Through the Internet, we can gain plenty of the newest knowledge and the latest information at home and abroad. What’s more, network offers us a convenient way to communicate with each other. The Internet makes our lives outside class colorful and various. On the other hand, a few students partly agree to this idea. Going on line is part of our daily life. But they suggest a time limit. They’ve found that more students are playing computer games or chatting instead of studying their lessons or looking up materials. There are a few students who are often absent from school in order to go on line for fun. Thank you!

篇14:高一必修英语作文

From the first day I was born to now, many people help me and play important role in my life. But to me, father is the most important person in my life. In my memory, my father is kind but strict. He always smiles to me and spends a lot of time with me. We can talk to each other in many things. To some extend, we are friends. However, sometimes he is a father.

If I did something wrong, he would point it out directly and ask me to make sure never do it again. Or, when I meet some troubles, he is the first person who gonna help me and encourage me. He always tells me that never give up no matter how bad the situation is. Hold a good wish for the future. I love my father, my friend.

篇15:高一必修英语作文

There was a boy who was sent to a boarding school[寄宿学校]. He used to be the brightest student in his class. He was at the top in every competition. But things changed after that. His grades started dropping. He hated being in a group. He was lonely all the time. He felt worthless and that no one loved him.

His parents began to worry. But even they did not know what was wrong. So his dad decided to visit the school and talk with him.

They sat on the bank of the lake near the school. The father started asking him casual[随便的] questions about his classes, teachers and sports. Then he asked, “Do you know, son, why I am here today?”

The boy said, “To check my grades?”

“No, no,” his dad replied. “I am here to tell you that you are the most important person for me. I want to see you happy. I don’t care about grades. I care about you. I care about your happiness. YOU ARE MY LIFE.”

Now the boy had everything he wanted. He knew there was someone on this Earth who cared for him deeply. He meant the world to someone.

Thanks a lot, Dad. YOU ARE MY LIFE.

篇16:高一英语必修作文

高一英语必修作文

love of life

it hurts to love someone and not be loved in return. but what is more painful is to love someone and never find the courage to let that person know how you feel.a sad thing in life is when you meet someone who means a lot to you, only to find out in the end that it was never meant to be and you just have to let go.

the best kind of friend is the kind you can sit on a porch swing with, never say a word, and then walk away feeling like it was the best conversation you've ever had.it's true that we don't know what we've got until we lose it, but it's also true that we don't know what we've been missing until it arrives. it takes only a minute to get a crush on someone, an hour to like someone, and a day to love someone- but it takes a lifetime to forget someone. don't go for looks; they can deceive. don't go for wealth, even that fades away. go for someone who makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright.

dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; be what you want to be, because you have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want to do. always put yourself in the other's shoes. if you feel that it hurts you, it probably hurts the person too.a careless word may kindle strife; a cruel word may wreck a life; a timely word may level stress; a loving word may heal and bless.the happiest of people don't necessarily have the best of everything they just make the most of everything that comes along their way.

love begins with a smile, grows with a kiss, ends with a tear. when you were born, you were crying and everyone around you was smiling. live your life so that when you die, you're the one smiling and everyone around you is crying

篇17:高一必修英语作文

高一必修英语作文

Compared to the universe, our lives are really short, just like a meter. But the meaning of life doesn’t depend on its length but contributions.

For example, Marie Curie, in order to find the radium, she devoted her whole life to the research. Though the radioactive element had shorter her life, she never gave up her mind to serve the world.

According to her story, I conclude that the first meaning of life is contribution. The standard of judging a life isn’t how much he asks for but how much he gives away.

The second meaning of life is struggling for our goals. Each of us has goals, such as longing for position, hoping for wealth and looking forward to be loved.

However, the path leading to them isn’t filled with roses. But no matter how tough to accomplish our dream we should never say die. If you really want to achieve them, please keep diligent and patient just like an English motto goes;“No pains ,no gains.”

The third meaning of life is happiness.

Not only should we keep happy, but also bring enjoyment to others .For example, we can have an optimistic attitude which can affect the people in our surroundings. Besides, we are supposed to be ready to help others, because in this way we can make both us and them happy .I consider it an unchangeable truth that Helping others creates happiness.

Just want to say, the lives for us are limited, but we are able to make efforts to make it shine out .Believe it, though our lives are rather short, we can also make a hit .If we try our best, our lives will be meaningful as well.

篇18:英语高一必修作文

Dear Lucy,

I learn from your email that we have so many clubs that you do not konw which to choose. I am writing to recommend the Paper-Cutting Club to you.

The Paper-Cutting Club aims to keep the traditional Chinese culture alivx and teach the ciub members hoe to creata different kinds of paper-cutting works. Some craftmen will be invited to show us how to cut paper into different shapes that look like animals or plants .Members will also have the opportunity to go the paper-cutting exhibition.Not only does it help you to learn more about Chinese culture,but it also encourages you creativity.

I hope you will have fun learning paper-cutting.

篇19:高一必修3第一单元作文

你看到的生不一定是生,你看到的灭也未必是灭。——题记

清晨,消逝了夜晚的落寞,迎来了崭新的希望。

我躺在床上,惬意地玩着手机,不知不觉已是中午十一点了,清脆的鸟叫声从窗外飘了进来,肚子的叫声也随声附和着,形成了独具匠心的交响乐。

饥肠辘辘的我骑上车拼命地往奶奶家冲去,仿佛开着马力十足的跑车。迎着微风,全然不顾街边嘈杂的声响,一路火花带闪电,终于赶到了奶奶家,将那“来之不易”的美食不顾一切地我那个嘴里扒拉着。

坐到电视机前,拳击赛的镜头闯入了我的视野,只见两位选手来回走位,不时地用精湛的技术相互试探,仿佛只要一出手,就会打个天翻地覆。几十秒后,果然不出所料,血腥暴力的场面充斥眼球。本想换台,寻找一个有趣的电影,但视线却盯住了红方选手,只见他被蓝方选手狠狠地打倒在地,鼻孔不断有鲜血冒出,比赛进入了倒计时,红方选手蜷缩着身子,努力用双手撑住地面,口中仍不时地呐喊,寻找属于自己的斗志,但一切努力似乎也只是“杯水车薪”,他只要一起来,就立刻被蓝方选手抽打在地。

此时此刻,我放下了饭碗,注视着他,想为他加油,可却又是那般想劝他放弃,裁判再次来到了他的身旁,用手在他的眼前比画,口中还不停地喊着“一、二、三……”

本以为残酷的游戏会就此结束,可当官方拿着金腰带走来时,他竟出乎所有人的意料,猛然站了起来,像涅盘重生的凤凰,挥舞着金色的翅膀,闪烁着璀璨的光芒。也许是为了自己,为了尊严,为了自己的祖国,他选择了战死到最后一刻。但我分明仍清晰地看到他的头发已经凌乱不堪,原本鲜红的血液已经凝固在了伤痕累累的脸上,身子再次摇晃起来。

观众的呼声越来越高,此时,这个赛台更像是一个生死的决斗台,因为只会有人记住第一,没有人会关注第二。他又一次站了起来,一个箭步奋力向蓝方选手冲去,直捣他的头部,刹时间,赛场安静地可怕,两秒之后,便是热烈异常的掌声。

他取得了胜利,他微笑着慢慢躺在了地上……那一瞬间,他的目光望向祖国的国旗,眼中闪烁着胜利的光芒。

篇20:高一英语(必修3)Unit5第6课时

三大段  一中心  五环节                           高效课堂—导学案高一英语(必修3)unit5第6课时class:           name:          date:         课 题unit5  learning about language

学习

目标知识与技能:学会运用重点词、短语、句型。过程与方法:做习题、巩固知识。 情感态度价值观:学会合作学习。

教学

重点重点词、短语、句型的用法。

教学

难点在语境中,词形的变化。

学法

指导根据句义,如何变化词形。

学   习     过     程

一、       自主探究——问题发现自我检测:完成课本p36第1-3题。

二、       合作探究——问题生成与解决完成课本p70第1、2题。课堂检测:完成课本p70第3题。拓展训练——延伸巩固

1)学习并尽力完成《专家伴读》p112 learning about language[学方法]词汇部分。2)完成《阅读训练》p24页b。自我评价        小组评价             教师评价

篇21:高一英语必修知识点

1. because of 因为…… (注意和because 的区别)

2. even if (= even thoug)即使,用来引导让步状语从句

3. come up 走上前来,走近,发生,出现 come up with 追上,赶上,提出

4. communicate with sb 和某人交流

5. be different from… 与……不同

be different in … 在……方面不同

Most of my projects are different in performance.

我多数作品的演奏风格都不同。

6. be based on 以……为基础

7. at present 目前,眼下 for the present眼前;暂时

8. make (good/better/fulll)use of

9. the latter后者 the former 前者

10. a large number of 大量的 the number of …的数量

11. such as 例如

12. hold on 坚持住,握住不放;(打电话时)等—会

13. … you will hear the difference in the way(that/ in which) people speak.

你会听出人们在说话时的差异。

14. play a role/ part (in) 在…中担任角色;在…中起作用;扮演一个角色

15. the same …as… 与……一样

16. at the top of…在…顶上

at the bottom of 在……底部

17. bring up 教养,养育;提出

18. request sb (not) to do sth. 要求某人做/不要做某事

19. be satisfied with…对……感到满意,满足于

20. suggest v. (request,insist…)

I suggested you do what he says. 我建议你按照他说的去做。

I suggest you not go tomorrow. 我想你明天还是不要去了。

His pale face suggested that he was in bad health. 他苍白的脸色暗示了他身体不好。

注意:insist 意思为“坚持要求”时后面的that从句用虚拟语气;如果insist 意为“强调,坚持认为”的时候,从句可以用任何所需要的时态。例如:She insisted that she didn’t tell a lie.她坚持认为她没撒谎。

21. according to…. 按照… 根据…

高一年级英语复习方法总结

一、知识的掌握与自我训练方法

语法知识中比较而言,词语学习更显琐碎和不着边际,句法学习则相对单一,有规律可循。

二、语言能力的培养与自我训练方法

语言能力一般是指听、说、读、写四种基本能力。初中学习,强调听说,侧重读、写。实际上偏废哪一项也学不好英语,只重听、说导致文盲,只重读、写导致聋哑。在语言学习中这四种技能是交织在一起的,应该得到共同提高,全面发展,高一是学习能力锻炼发展大好时机,一定要珍惜和充分利用。

三、安排好学习的各个环节

学习的各个环节指、、作业、复习与测验。每个环节做得好环都直接影响学习成绩的提高。

1.预习:听录音,朗读课文,扫清单词发音障碍,了解重点语法内容,阅读重点课文并回答课文后的问题。

2.听课:认真听讲,积极参与课堂活动,记录老师所讲的重点词语及语法知识,争取课上多有所获。如遇不理解的问题,应课下立刻弄清楚,不要积压成堆。

3.作业:作业有“硬”作业即第二天要交的笔头作业,与“软”作业即读、背、复述、对话及预习、自习等,不要只重视“硬”作业,轻视“软”作业,因为语言能力需要通过这两种不同的作业形式来积累和提高。

4.复习:重新过一遍课文,拼写单词,总结重点词语的用法,语法知识,做配套练习,搞清疑难问题。

5.测试:准备纠错本。在测试后分析卷面上的错误是很重要的,如:哪种类型?如何立刻补上?今后注意什么问题可降低错误率?

四、巧妙安排学习时间

想学好外语,有许多事情要做,学校的课业负担也很重,如何合理地安排时间呢?在这里有16个字:化整为零,集中歼灭,见缝插针,持之以恒。如中午用15至20分钟背单词或读两、三篇课外文章,夜自习按要求做作业,睡觉前用一、两分钟很快过一遍白天刚学的单词。周末总结、复习。每天零敲碎打,并不多占多少娱乐时间,但如果你能有规律、有毅力地学习,必然得到回报。

五、苦加巧,有成效

“苦”就是学习刻苦,肯下气力,“巧”的体现是善思考总结。求而不拼体力。如何做到这一点?首先正确分析自己:目前学习状态,优势与劣势,问题,问题原因,解决办法,时间分配等。然后提出相应的目标,并制定达到目标的详实计划。

掌握了科学有效的英语学习方法,讲究学习的策略,初中到高中英语学习的不适应问题也就迎刃而解了,也就能轻松地学好英语。

篇22:高一英语必修课件

高一英语必修课件

第一部分:英语知识运用(共三节,满分54分)

第一节:单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分, 满分15分)

1. He sat at the desk, __________ a novel.

A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads

2. If you cheat in the exam, you could hardly _________ it.

A. throw away B. get away C. get away from D. get away with

3. No potatoes for me—I’m _______ a diet.

A. at B. in C. on D. with

4. The speed of cars and trucks is _____ to 30 kilometers per hour in large cities in China.

A. limited B. limiting C. limiting to D. limited to

5. Smoking is a bad habit. You should _________ it.

A. throw away B. get away with C. get rid of D. throw

6. I’m really tired _______ Tom. He had me _________ for two hours in the rain.

A. of, waiting B. with; wait C. of; waited D. with; waited

7. Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen ________ this year. (浙江 2005)

A. the best B. better C. the most D. more

8. Filled with anger, he didn’t shout or swear, but just ________ silently at me.

A. looked B. stared C. glared D. glanced

9. — Why was Tom scolded by our teacher? — For ________.

A. tell a lie B. telling lies C. told lies D. telling lie

10. — Anything new in the new regulations? — They will be ________ to us all.

A. of great benefit B. do harms C. do many good D. for the benefit

11. Must I get through the business in one evening? No, you ________.

A. mustn’t B. haven’t C. needn’t to D. don’t have to

12. Your article is too long. You must _______ to about 3000 words.

A. cut it off B. cut it up C. cut it down D. cut it into

13. If your knowledge can be in some way _______ with my experiences, we are sure to succeed.

A. joined B. united C. connected D. combined

14. The news was so ____ that all the people present at the meeting were _______ at it.

A. amazing, amazing B. amazed, amazed C. amazing, amazed D. amazed, amazing

15. You ______be sitting in this waiting room, sir. You see, it is for women and children only.

A. oughtn’t to B. dare not C. need not D. will not

第二节:完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分, 满分15分)

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从1~10各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并把答案写在答题卷上。

Every person needs water and a diet of healthy foods. These foods should contain some fat, some fiber, a little salt and so on.

People need energy 16 . They eat different kinds of food which change into energy. The energy is 17 in calories. Even when you 18 , you are using energy – about 65 calories an hour. 19 you are at school, or walking home, your body is burning up 100 calories an hour. When playing football or basketball, you 20 be using 400 calories an hour. On Sports Day, during the relay race, you will use most of all, 21 as much as 650 calories an hour.

The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world. It contains a lot of fruit and green vegetables. It is 22 in fiber and low in sugar and fat. The Chinese eat less sugar than many other countries in the world. That is 23 lots of people in China have healthy white teeth.

People in the Western world do not eat such healthy foods. They eat 24 fat and sugar and don’t take enough 25 . Because of this, they 26 weight very easily. Their diet contains a lot of fat in the 27 of potato crisps, potato chips, butter, cream and chocolate. They eat a lot of sugar which exist in cakes, soft drinks, 28 and so on. The result is that many of them become fat. 29 some have bad teeth. In some parts of Britain, one person in ten, 30 the age of thirty, has no teeth left.

16. A. for lifeB. to live C. to live withD. for a living

17. A. measuringB. takenC. measuredD. measure

18. A. are asleepB. fall asleepC. go to sleep D. go to bed

19. A. WhileB. DuringC. AsD. If

20. A. mustB. canC. needD. might

21. A. surelyB. usuallyC. perhapsD. hardly

22. A. richB. poorC. goodC. bad

23. A. howB. whyC. whatD. that

24. A. much tooB. many tooC. too manyD. too much

25. A. exercisesB. foodC. workD. exercise

26. A. put onB. gain onC. get onD. put up

27. A. typeB. formC. kindD. sort

28. A. sweetsB. sweetC. candy barD. sweet thing

29. A. ButB. OrC. AndD. So

30. A. atB. forC. withD. by

第三节:阅读理解(共12小题;每小题2分,满分24分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的'四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并把答案写在答题卷上。 A.

A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you. Eating the right kind of food is very important. It can keep your body strong, so take care of what you eat.

There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy products group has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all the four main groups. With all these food together you will be given enough energy during the day.

It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time. Or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may seem easy to finish your supper with fish and chips all the time. But you will find yourself tired during these days and you can not think quickly.

Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health.

31. Which of the following diets do you think is the best one?

A. Eggs, tomatoes and chicken.B. Milk, bread, cabbages and beef.

C. Corn, fish, cream and pork. D. Rice, beancurd, apples, fish and chicken.

32. Which of the following is a good eating habit?

A. Going to school without any breakfast.B. Eating fish and chips for supper all the time.

C. Finishing your lunch in a very short time.

D. Having at least one food from all the four groups each meal.

33. In this passage the writer mainly tells us that ______.

A. every person needs food to grow wellB. taking exercise can keep your body strong

C. right kind of food with exercise will keep you healthy

D. enough energy helps people think more quickly

B.

Good health is the most valuable thing a person can have, but one cannot take good health for granted. It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy. There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape: eat right food ,get enough sleep, and exercise regularly.

Proper nutrition (营养) is important for good health. Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind of “fuel”(燃料).Don't eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of foods high in protein (蛋白质) ,like meat, fish, eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins (维他命) and minerals. However, don't overeat. It is not helpful to be overweight.

Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don't get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little a amount of sleep may even result in a change of personality (人的个性).Be sure to allow yourself from seven to nine hours of sleep each night. If you do, your body will feel strong and refreshed, and your mind will be sharp.

Finally, get plenty of exercise. Exercise firms the body, strengthens the muscles, and prevents you from gaining weight. It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably increase your life-span (寿命).Any kind of exercise is good. Most sports are excellent for keeping the body in good shapes: basketball, swimming, bicycling, running and so on are good examples. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too.

If everybody, were to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world would be a happier and healthier place. We would all live to be much older and wiser.

34. According to the passage,_________.

A .we should always keep fit

B. if we were healthy, we could spend our days in doing things with less sleep

C. one can eat a lot to stay in good shape

D. one needn't take any exercise if he is healthy

35.In order to keep good health, ___________ .

A. we should eat a lot of sweets B. one needs a large amount of fat

C. people should eat according to the foods nutrition D. we must try to sleep now and then

36. Eating more and sleeping less________.

A. can keep healthy B. is no good for you

C. gets you more energy D. will keep your personality

37.The writer explains ________in this passage.

A. how to eat B. the importance of doing exercise

C. how to keep healthy D. what to eat

38.The title of the article should be___________ .

A. Eating and Exercising B. How Vitamins Work in Man's Body

C. Staying Healthy D. Sleeping Well

C.

Isn't it astonishing how much time we spend talking about food? “Have you ever eaten …?” “What did you have for lunch?” and so on. And yet when you travel from one country to another, you will find that people have quite different feelings about food. People often feel that what they eat is normal (正常) and that what other people eat is strange or silly. In most parts of Asia, for example, no meal is complete without rice. In England, people eat potatoes every day. In the Middle East, bread is the main part of every meal. Eating like so many things we do, becomes a habit which is difficult to change. Americans like to drink a lot of orange juice and coffee. The English drink tea four or five times every day. Australians drink a great deal of beer, and the French drink wine every day.

The sort of meat people like to eat also differs from one country to another. Horse meat is thought to be delicious in France. In Hong Kong, some people enjoy eating snakes. New Zealander eat sheep, but they never eat goat meat. The Japanese don't like to eat sheep meat be-cause of its smell, but they enjoy eating raw fish (生鱼).

So it seems that although eating is a topic we can talk about for hours, there is very little common sense in what we say it. People everywhere enjoy eating what they have always eaten, and there is very little we can do to change our eating habits.

39. Which of the following is true according to the article?

A. All people have the same feeling about food.

B. In most parts of Asia, people usually have rice for meals.

C. People often consider other people to be strange or silly.

D. The topic people spend time talking about is bread and meat.

40. People in different countries .

A. drink the same sort of wineB. have the same eating habit

C. eat different kinds of meatD. have the same tea at different time within a day

41. The Japanese don't like to eat sheep meat .

A. because they dislike its smellB. because it is too expensive

C. because it is easy to go badD. because they think it will do harm to their health

42. English people drink tea four or five times a day .

A. because they get thirsty easilyB. because there is plenty of tea in Britain

C. because of their drinking habitD. because they have enough time to do so

第二部分:英语技能运用

第一节:根据句子的意思,写出正确的单词,并注意词的正确形式。(共10小题;10分)。

1. He gained all his ________(力量) and was ready for a second try.

2. I patted her _______(温柔地) on the shoulder.

3. It is healthier to keep a b_______ diet every day.

4. This restaurant was not giving its ______(顾客) energy-giving food.

5. ________ (好奇心)drove Wang Pengwei inside Yong Hui’s restaurant.

6. Wang Pengwei stopped worrying and started advertising the _______(好处) of his food.

7. To succeed, we must ___________(结合) talent with working hard.

8. He has been working for a long time, but he is still full of __________.(energetic)

9. You should do some _________(研究) before making the final decision.

10. She is not _________(苗条的)enough to wear these tight trousers.

第二节:用正确的情态动词填空(共5小题;5分)

1. When we are cooking with a gas fire, we ________(can / must) keep the window open.

2. Mr. Joseph has stayed in the US for several years. He _____(may / can) speak English quite well.

3. Jack’s ill, so they ______ (must / have to) change their plans.

4. It _______ (can't / mustn't) be Miss Gao. I know she has gone to Beijing.

5. You say you ________ not do it but I say you ____________ (shall / will)

第三节:根据中文意思完成句子(共5小题;10分)。

1. 我用了一个月才摆脱咳嗽。It took me a month to _____ _____ _____my cough.

2. 她欠我100块钱。 She _______ ________ _______ to me for 100 yuan RMB.

3. 我们应该抛弃考试作弊的坏习惯。We should ________ _________ the bad habit of cheating in the exam.

4.他们没有打架,只是站在那怒视对方。They didn’t fight, but stood there _____ ______ one another.

5.David 靠给报社写文章维生。David ____ _____ ______ by writing articles for newspapers.

篇23:高一数学必修3知识点总结

高一数学必修3知识点总结

高一数学必修3知识点总结

第一章算法初步

1.1.1

算法的概念

1、算法概念:

在数学上,现代意义上的“算法”通常是指可以用计算机来解决的某一类问题是程序或步骤,这些程序或步骤必须是明确和有效的,而且能够在有限步之内完成.2.算法的特点:

(1)有限性:一个算法的步骤序列是有限的,必须在有限操作之后停止,不能是无限的.(2)确定性:算法中的每一步应该是确定的并且能有效地执行且得到确定的结果,而不应当是模棱两可.

(3)顺序性与正确性:算法从初始步骤开始,分为若干明确的步骤,每一个步骤只能有一个确定的后继步骤,前一步是后一步的前提,只有执行完前一步才能进行下一步,并且每一步都准确无误,才能完成问题.

(4)不唯一性:求解某一个问题的解法不一定是唯一的,对于一个问题可以有不同的算法.(5)普遍性:很多具体的问题,都可以设计合理的算法去解决,如心算、计算器计算都要经过有限、事先设计好的步骤加以解决.1.1.2

程序框图

1、程序框图基本概念:

(一)程序构图的概念:程序框图又称流程图,是一种用规定的图形、指向线及文字说明来准确、直观地表示算法的图形。

一个程序框图包括以下几部分:表示相应操作的程序框;带箭头的流程线;程序框外必要文字说明。

(二)构成程序框的图形符号及其作用

学习这部分知识的时候,要掌握各个图形的形状、作用及使用规则,画程序框图的规则如下:1、使用标准的图形符号。2、框图一般按从上到下、从左到右的方向画。3、除判断框外,大多数流程图符号只有一个进入点和一个退出点。判断框具有超过一个退出点的唯一符号。4、判断框分两大类,一类判断框“是”与“否”两分支的判断,而且有且仅有两个结果;另一类是多分支判断,有几种不同的结果。5、在图形符号内描述的语言要非常简练清楚。(三)、算法的三种基本逻辑结构:顺序结构、条件结构、循环结构。

1、顺序结构:顺序结构是最简单的算法结构,语句与语句之间,框与框之间是按从上到下的顺序进行的,它是由若干个依次执行的处理步骤组成的,它是任何一个算法都离不开的一种基本算法结构。

顺序结构在程序框图中的体现就是用流程线将程序框自上而下地连接起来,按顺序执行算法步骤。如在示意图中,A框和B框是依次执行的,只有在执行完A框指定的操作后,才能接着执行B框所指定的操作。2、条件结构:

条件结构是指在算法中通过对条件的判断根据条件是否成立而选择不同流向的算法结构。

条件P是否成立而选择执行A框或B框。无论P条件是否成立,只能执行A框或B框之一,不可能同时执行A框和B框,也不可能A框、B框都不执行。一个判断结构可以有多个判断框。

3、循环结构:在一些算法中,经常会出现从某处开始,按照一定条件,反复执行某一处理步骤的情况,这就是循环结构,反复执行的处理步骤为循环体,显然,循环结构中一定包含条件结构。循环结构又称重复结构,循环结构可细分为两类:

(1)、一类是当型循环结构,如下左图所示,它的功能是当给定的条件P成立时,执行A框,A框执行完毕后,再判断条件P是否成立,如果仍然成立,再执行A框,如此反复执行A框,直到某一次条件P不成立为止,此时不再执行A框,离开循环结构。

(2)、另一类是直到型循环结构,如下右图所示,它的功能是先执行,然后判断给定的条件P是否成立,如果P仍然不成立,则继续执行A框,直到某一次给定的条件P成立为止,此时不再执行A框,离开循环结构。

当型循环结构直到型循环结构

注意:1循环结构要在某个条件下终止循环,这就需要条件结构来判断。因此,循环结构中一定包含条件结构,但不允许“死循环”。2在循环结构中都有一个计数变量和累加变量。计数变量用于记录循环次数,累加变量用于输出结果。计数变量和累加变量一般是同步......执行的,累加一次,计数一次。1.2.1

输入、输出语句和赋值语句

1、输入语句

(1)输入语句的一般格式

(2)输入语句的作用是实现算法的输入信息功能;(3)“提示内容”提示用户输入什么样的信息,变量是指程序在运行时其值是可以变化的量;(4)输入语句要求输入的`值只能是具体的常数,不能是函数、变量或表达式;(5)提示内容与变量之间用分号“;”隔开,若输入多个变量,变量与变量之间用逗号“,”隔开。2、输出语句

(1)输出语句的一般格式

(2)输出语句的作用是实现算法的输出结果功能;(3)“提示内容”提示用户输入什么样的信息,表达式是指程序要输出的数据;(4)输出语句可以输出常量、变量或表达式的值以及字符。3、赋值语句

(1)赋值语句的一般格式

(2)赋值语句的作用是将表达式所代表的值赋给变量;(3)赋值语句中的“=”称作赋值号,与数学中的等号的意义是不同的。赋值号的左右两边不能对换,它将赋值号右边的表达式的值赋给赋值号左边的变量;(4)赋值语句左边只能是变量名字,而不是表达式,右边表达式可以是一个数据、常量或算式;(5)对于一个变量可以多次赋值。

注意:①赋值号左边只能是变量名字,而不能是表达式。如:2=X是错误的。②赋值号左

右不能对换。如“A=B”“B=A”的含义运行结果是不同的。③不能利用赋值语句进行代数式的演算。(如化简、因式分解、解方程等)④赋值号“=”与数学中的等号意义不同。

1.2.2条件语句

1、条件语句的一般格式有两种:(1)IF—THEN—ELSE语句;(2)IF—THEN语句。2、IF—THEN—ELSE语句

IF—THEN—ELSE语句的一般格式为图1

图1图2

分析:在IF—THEN—ELSE语句中,“条件”表示判断的条件,“语句1”表示满足条件时执行的操作内容;“语句2”表示不满足条件时执行的操作内容;ENDIF表示条件语句的结束。计算机在执行时,首先对IF后的条件进行判断,如果条件符合,则执行THEN后面的语句1;若条件不符合,则执行ELSE后面的语句2。3、IF—THEN语句

IF—THEN语句的一般格式为图3,对应的程序框图为图4

注意:“条件”表示判断的条件;“语句”表示满足条件时

作内容,条件不满足时,结束程序;ENDIF表示条件语句的结束。计算机在执行时首先对IF后的条件进行判断,如果条件符合就执行THEN后边的语句,若条件不符合则直接结束该条件语句,转而执行其它语句。

1.2.3循环语句

循环结构是由循环语句来实现的。对应于程序框图中的两种循环结构,一般程序设计语言中也有当型(WHILE型)和直到型(UNTIL型)两种语句结构。即WHILE语句和UNTIL语句。

1、WHILE语句

(1)WHILE语句的一般格式是

(2)当计算机遇到WHILE语句时,先判断条件的真假,如果条件符合,就执行WHILE与WEND之间的循环体;然后再检查上述条件,如果条件仍符合,再次执行循环体,这个过程反复进行,直到某一次条件不符合为止。这时,计算机将不执行循环体,直接跳到WEND语句后,接着执行WEND之后的语句。因此,当型循环有时也称为“前测试型”循环。

篇24:-学年高一语文必修3单元测试卷

2017-2018学年人教版高一语文必修3单元测试卷

一、选择题

下列加点的字的解释正确的一项是( )

A、河内凶(有战乱)

B、邻国之民不加(增加)少

C、填然鼓之(代词,代“鼓”)

D、弃甲曳 (拖着)兵而走

对下列各句中“之”的分类正确的一项是( )

①斯天下之民至焉 ②鸡豚狗彘之畜 ③树之以桑 ④未之有也 ⑤邻国之民不加少

A、①②⑤/ ③/ ④

B、①③⑤/ ②/ ④

C、①②④/ ③⑤

D、①②⑤/ ③④

下列各项中对加点字的解释不正确的一项是( )

A、假舆马者,非利足也,而致千里 假:借助

B、积土成山,风雨兴焉 焉:代词,之

C、驽马十驾,功在不舍 驾:马拉车一天所走的路程;成功,功效

D、假舟揖者,非能水也,而绝江河 绝:横渡,横穿

下面句中的“焉”字意义和用法不同于其他三句的是( )

A、积土成山,风雨兴焉

B、子亦有不利焉

C、朝济而夕没版焉

D、将焉取之

从文言句式特点看,不同于其他三句的一句是()

A、蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强

B、何陋之有

C、句读之不知,惑之不解

D、然而不王者,未之有也

下列各句中加点的词语意义相同的一项是( )

A、距洞百余步,有碑仆道 不足为外人道也

B、养生丧死无憾,王道之始也 于是废先王之道,焚百家之言

C、赂秦而力亏,破灭之道也生乎吾前,其闻道也固先乎吾

D、师道之不传也久矣 何可胜道也哉

下列各句中加点的词语意义相同的一项是( )

A、今行而无信,则秦未可亲也 行比一乡

B、余嘉其能行古道 王不行;示赵弱且怯也

C、蹑足行伍之间,a起阡陌之中 汉天子,我丈人行也

D、感吾生之行休 太祖行奋武将军

下列各句中加点的词语和例句相同的一项是( )

例句:山东豪俊,遂并起而亡秦族矣

A、父母宗族,皆为戮没

B、士大夫之族,曰师曰弟子云者

C、族秦者秦也,非天下也

D、每至于族,吾见其难为

下列各项中加点的词语意思和用法不相同的一项是( )

A、今所谓慧空禅院者,褒之庐冢也 师者,所以传道受业解惑也。

B、鸣呼!灭六国者六国也,非秦也 固一世之雄也

C、何为其然也 吾其还也

D、是日也,天朗气清,惠风和畅 其闻道也亦先乎吾

下列各项中加点的词语意思和用法不相同的一项是( )

A、项王曰:“壮士!赐之卮酒。”则与斗卮酒。 故木受绳则直,金就砺则利

B、自其不变者而观之,则物于我皆无尽也 既其出,则或咎其欲出者

C、河内凶,则移其民于河东 以五十步笑百步,则何如

D、位卑则足羞,官盛则近谀 淇则有岸,隰则有泮

二、文言文阅读

阅读下面的文言文,完成下列小题。

邹孟轲之母也,号孟母。其舍近墓,孟子之少也,嬉游为墓间之事,踊跃筑埋。孟母曰:“此非吾所以居处子也。”乃去舍市傍。其嬉戏为贾人炫卖之事。孟母又曰:“此非吾所以居处子也。”复徙舍学宫之傍。其嬉游乃设俎豆揖让进退。孟母曰:“真可以居吾子矣。”遂居之。及孟子长,学六艺,卒成大儒之名。君子谓孟母善以渐化。诗云:“彼姝者子,何以予之?”此之谓也。

孟子之少也,既学而归,孟母方绩,问曰:“学何所至矣?”孟子曰:“自若也。”孟母以刀断其织。孟子惧而问其故,孟母曰:“子之废学,若吾断斯织也。夫君子学以立名,问则广知,是以居则安宁,动则远害。今而废之,是不免于厮役,而无以离于祸患也。何以异于织绩而食,中道废而不为,宁能衣其夫子,而长不乏粮食哉!女则废其所食,男则堕于修德,不为窃盗,则为虏役矣。”孟子惧,旦夕勤学不息,师事子思,遂成天下之名儒。君子谓孟母知为人母之道矣。诗云:“彼姝者子,何以告之?”此之谓也。

孟子既娶,将入私室,其妇袒而在内,孟子不悦,遂去不入。妇辞孟母而求去,曰:“妾闻夫妇之道,私室不与焉。今者妾窃堕在室,而夫子见妾,勃然不悦,是客妾也。妇人之义,盖不客宿。请归父母。于是孟母召孟子而谓之曰:“夫礼,将入门,问孰存,所以致敬也;将上堂,声必扬,所以戒人也;将入户,视必下,恐见人过也。今子不察于礼,而责礼于人,不亦远乎!”孟子谢,遂留其妇。君子谓孟母知礼,而明于姑母之道。

( 节选自《后汉书 列女传》)

1、下列句子中加点词语解释不正确的'一项是

A、既学而归,孟母方绩 绩:纺织

B、宁能衣其夫子 衣:使……穿衣

C、而夫子见妾,勃然不悦,是客妾也 客:把……当作客人

D、孟子谢,遂留其妇谢:感谢

2、下列句子编为四组,全都表现孟母“善教”的一组是( )

①其嬉戏为贾人炫卖之事 ②徙舍学宫之傍 ③孟母以刀断其织

④孟子惧,旦夕勤学不息 ⑤妇辞孟母而求去 ⑥孟子谢,遂留其妇

A、①②⑥ B、②④⑥

C、①③⑤ D、③④⑤

3、下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是( )

A、孟母两次迁徙自己的住处,主要是为了给儿子寻找一个理想的成长环境。

B、儿子学习回来,孟母用断织打比方来劝告孟子学不可废,否则后患无穷。

C、孟母认为男子如失去赖以生存的技艺,那他不是去偷就是被俘虏被奴役。

D、孟母对孟子讲明道理,使孟子醒悟过来,于是他留住了自请离去的妻子。

4、请把文言文阅读材料中画线的语句翻译成现代汉语。

(1)及孟子长,学六艺,卒成大儒之名。

(2)今而废之,是不免于厮役,而无以离于祸患也。

三、诗歌鉴赏

阅读下面这首诗歌,完成后面问题。

晚 春

韩愈

草树知春不久归,百般红紫斗芳菲。

杨花榆荚无才思,惟解漫天作雪飞。

1、诗歌语言讲究凝练,一字便能透露情思。请结合诗句内容简要分析“知”和“斗”二字的妙处。

2、有人认为这是一首贬抑“杨花榆荚”的诗,也有人认为这是一首褒扬“杨花榆荚”的诗。你赞成哪一种看法?请简要说明理由。

四、句子默写

补写出下列句子中的空缺部分

(1)假舟楫者,非能水也,而绝江河。____________________,善假于物也。《劝学》

(2)生乎吾后,______________________ ,吾从而师之。《师说》

(3)_________________________________,潦倒新停浊酒杯。《登高》

(4)_________________________________ ,望帝春心托杜鹃。《锦瑟》

(5)舞幽壑之潜蛟,________________________。 《赤壁赋》

(6)且举世誉之而不加劝,________________________,定乎内外之分,辩乎荣辱之境,斯已矣。《逍遥游》

五、现代文阅读

阅读下面的文字,完成下列小题。

千年一叹读韩愈

①中国民俗谚语中说:山不在高,有仙则灵;水不在深,有泉则秀。这儿的山上无仙,江中亦无流泉戏水,但是地处潮州境内的韩山、韩江,却名贯广东大地,成为大海之滨一道奇异的人文风景。只因唐代文人韩愈被贬官离开长安后,曾在这儿当了不足一年时间的地方小官。他似乎比“仙”和“泉”更具有震撼和感召力量,使原本为他姓的山和水,后人将其统统改为韩姓:山易名为韩山,水易名为韩江。一个唐代的文人,在贬官后的失意之时,居然使江河易姓,不仅在中国历史上为绝无仅有,其本身还是一首千古绝唱。因而在潮州驻足的时日,留给我的不仅是“前无古人,后无来者”的怀古咏叹,还启迪我从韩愈的曲线人生经历中,又找到一面为文为官之道的明镜。

②昔读《昌黎先生集》时,知道韩愈是河南河阳人,号昌黎,为唐宋八大家之一,因其诗文磅礴隽永而名扬天下。此外,史书记载他还是一位正统儒理学家。因其一贯以孔孟之道,反对佛门道院之玄学,在唐宪宗十四年,他担任监察御史官爵时,因上书皇权阻谏宪宗皇帝兴师动众去奉迎一块佛骨,而被贬官到粤海之边做潮州刺史。

③纵观古代文人,被贬官者多多,凡是直抒其心意的文人,大都留下仕途失意被贬和流放的历史。但不同的是,他们在人生低谷中的行迹,却有着千差万别。这些文人雅士,大乌纱帽一旦变成小乌纱帽,多表现得心灰意冷,在自舔伤口中,写出些悲悯自怜的诗歌,而韩愈与众不同,尽管他在被贬官的路上,也曾写下“收吾骨瘴江边”的自怜诗章;但到了潮州赴任之后,却将自身伤痛闲置一边,把庶民百姓冷暖放在了至高无上的位置。

④笔者沿韩江而行时,江边有一座古亭映入眼帘。停车仔细观看,见亭内有一石碑,碑下压着一条鳄鱼石雕。当地友人为我解疑说,这是后人为纪念韩愈带领当地百姓的驱鳄之举,而建立起的功德碑。韩愈初到潮州上任之日,正是潮汕江河t鱼成灾之时,当时此地的黎民百姓,因为继承了远古的迷信传说,认知鳄鱼为水中之神灵;每到鳄鱼成灾时,都向江里投下屠杀了的牛羊猪狗等生灵,以求平安。韩愈一向尊重孔孟正统儒理之道,反对神鬼的玄学之说,便不顾疲劳地日夜游说于江水之边,宣扬除鳄才是自我拯救之良策。潮州自古为客家族人之领地,其族人把信奉神灵视为灵魂之全部,因而驱鳄之举步履为艰。但生性执著的韩愈,一直不改初衷,在其不懈的努力之下,终于获得了善果,不仅将为害一方的鳄鱼驱之于海,让潮州百姓从“江神”的精神奴役中解放出来;还以驱鳄为兴修水利机遇,打开引水浇灌之门,给封闭的沿江大地,带来五谷丰登的年华。因而,后人一直垂念其德政,在江边立起这个临江亭和亭内的功德碑。其影响之大穿越了时空,直到明朝嘉靖年间(1537年),礼部右谏沈伯咸,还特意在韩山写下了“功不在禹下”的碑文,以示对贬官到潮州后韩愈德政的崇敬。此为韩愈在粤东的肖像之一。

⑤之二,尽管大唐时期,还属于帝王世袭的封建社会,但在唐律中已有不许“纳良为奴”的律条。但当时的粤东岭南,处于大唐版图上相对封闭落后的地区,韩愈贬官到此地时,该地盛行贩卖人口之恶习,地方志中留有“其荒阻处,父子相缚为奴”的记载。用白话文解析,就是在饥荒之地,有钱人家能收贫穷人的全家为奴。韩愈到了潮州之后,以大刀阔斧之气势,更改这地区的千古陋习。此举比驱鳄更为艰难,韩愈为此付出了更为艰辛的努力。韩愈早有铭言喻世:“业精于勤荒于嬉。”他就是用这种不知疲惫的执著精神,而完成他解放奴隶的壮举的。据地方史料记载,韩愈此举开花结果后,曾有贫苦奴民称他为粤东岭南的“韩青天”。这是韩愈被贬官到潮州后的肖像之二。

⑥这里必需说明的是,这是韩愈在任八个月内的政绩。不知是他的时运不济,还是唐宪宗余怒未消,也许是二者兼有之故吧,他在潮州为官八个月之后,又被贬官到袁州当“芝麻绿豆官”去了。因而,当笔者登上韩山上巍峨的韩公祠时,不尽百感丛生:天下浪漫文人,多如天上繁星;天下无文采而缚于理性牢笼中者,更是不计其数;但将高度理性和超人文采集于一身者,可谓寥寥无几,而韩愈两者兼备,犹如平地上的高山。以文而论,文史学家评说他为“唐宋八大家之首”;以理而说,他是个敢做敢为、荣辱不惊、视庶民百姓为父母的清官。

⑦后人为了纪念他为文为人之德,在韩山绿色环抱中,为他修建了雄伟的纪念祠堂。沿山而上的回廊两侧,皆为唐代之后官人和文人对他的评说。我统计了一下,总共四十块碑文,碑文以各种书体刻下对这位“百代文宗”的盛誉。至于潮州的本土人士,更是以韩愈曾在此地驻足为荣。与我一同登山朝圣的当地文联友人对我说:“千古中的文人至圣,从长安被贬到我们这儿来,成了我们这方水土至高无上的荣誉。”

⑧我说:“愿华夏大地的文人,能有韩文公敢言、敢行的精神风骨;愿那些文官们,都能以韩愈为镜,照一照自己的形神!”

1、文章一开始就引用了一句民俗谚语,有什么作用?

2、本文第三段写了许多其他的贬官者,作者有什么用意?

3、结合全文,说说韩愈一生有哪些成就。

4、文章第七段的描述有什么作用?

5、阅读全文,结合自己的理解,探究文章最后一段话的意蕴。

六、语言应用

仿照画波浪线句子的句式特点,在横线上补写出空缺部分,组成一个排比句。

我们可以阅读《荀子》,体会他的睿智;__________________________________________________________。

七、材料作文

阅读下面的文字,按要求作文。

当一只杯子中盛着牛奶的时候,人们会说这是牛奶;当一只杯子中盛着果汁的时候,人们会说这是果汁;只有当杯子是空的时候,人们才看到杯子,说这是一只杯子!

这段话引起了你怎样的思考?请联系生活体验与认识,写一篇不少于800字的文章。

注意:①立意自定,题目自拟;除诗歌外,文体不限。②不得抄袭,不得套作。③不得透露个人相关信息。④书写规范,正确使用标点符号。

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