【导语】“hebiao_0416”通过精心收集,向本站投稿了6篇雅思口语如何能不冷场,下面是小编为大家整理后的雅思口语如何能不冷场,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读,一起分享。
- 目录
篇1:雅思口语如何能不冷场
雅思口语 如何能不冷场
雅思口语四大标准:
1.fluency andcoherence (流利度和连贯性)
2.lexical resource(词汇)
3.grammatical range and accuracy (语法)
4.pronunciation (发音)
因此,雅思口语考试的本质是形式大过内容,考官其实没有很care大家在讲什么,关键看大家怎么讲。了解了这点我们就知道如何将考试中较为抽象的,较“大”的问题变“小”了。
举个例子:what do you think of fashion?
对于这道题,有的学生可能对购物比较感兴趣,而且最主要的原因是他们可以把时尚这个大词转换为牌子,衣着等具体的小词,适当加入自己买东西的例子,这样回答的就非常不错,不会在考场上出现blank(大脑空白) 的情况。
另外再教大家一个小技巧-“拖延”时间。
例如第三部分two way discussion 的题目都比较抽象,雅思口语提高, 雅思考试怎么准备比较难。那么有时候问题一问出来,可能完全不知道如何回答。那么这个时候就要做到巧妙的“拖延”给自己思考的时间,以便能够顺利回答下去不给考官发现。
1.当问到优劣势的时候,可以这样:
Well, it is really hard to say, you know, every coin has twosides. Personally, there are both advantages and disadvantages with regard to this issue, and I may say the advantages first. One of the major advantages is...
2.当问到观点类的问题是,一般大家开头可能是I think/guess 等等。其实大家可以用下面这句来稍微拖下时间,例如 :
Well, to the best of my knowledge/ as far as I am concerned, I may give vote tothe former/latter opinion...
雅思口语part2素材积累:物品类
具体类物品 如:Describe a book you read、a gift you received from others、a wild animal、a handicraft、an electrical appliance that is useful to you、an important letter that you received、a game you played in your childhood等;
抽象类物品 如:Describe an interesting news、a useful website、a performance you saw、a organization、your future job、your future plan、something that you don't know but would like to learn等。
其实简单的说具体类物品话题就是实实在在存在,能够看得见摸得着的一样东西。而抽象类物品则是一件抽象的东西,可能没有实物参照,而只是比较抽象的描述。所以二者比较而言,具体类物品话题将会好描述的多。雅思口语part2物品类话题详解大家可以仔细阅读一下,这里有关于两类话题具体的细节对比分析。
其次,就是关于具体的解题思路介绍。
1)当我们要描述一个具体类事物时,要把它与人物类以及地点类联系起来,丰富自己的内容。例如:描述a gift时,首先要描述这件礼物具体是什么,外观或是很吸引人的地方;然后,再说是谁送给你的,父母?朋友?同学还是同事?也可以说说这件礼物是从什么地方买的,如果是手工制作的那一定是很用心,同学们可以仔细描述一下。
2)当我们描述一个比较抽象类的话题时,要遵循互通原则。一个话题不会说就要换一种方式灵活应对,不至于哑口无言并缓解冷场气氛。
详细的解题思路分析见雅思口语话题之物品类话题分析、雅思口语part2物体物品类话题思路原来可以这样用、雅思口语虚拟物品类话题攻略。
最后,考生们也需要注意素材的积累——词汇、句式等。
雅思考场具体案例解析:仍以gift为例:Describe a gift you sent to others
物品词汇:
Arts and crafts工艺品;Charm护身符;Cross stitch 十字绣;Knitting 编织品;Shell craft 贝壳制品;Mug 杯子;Multi Purpose Tools 多功能工具
物品特点词汇:
Think out of the box有创意的;User-friendly方便使用的;Durable耐用的;Decent不错的;Portable便于携带的……
高大上句型:
1)The monetary value of the gift is not relevant, it‘s the meaning that is more important. 礼物的价值不在于它的价格而在于它的真情实意。
2) Charm bracelets(幸运手链) are supposed attract wealth, health, or good karma(好运) to the person wearing it.
雅思口语part2素材积累:地点类
NO.1 A Historic Site
Describe an interesting historic site that you visited.
You should say:
· where it was
· what you saw at this site
· what role it played in history
and explain what interested you about that place
话题类别:Place
难点解析:对于历史建筑的描述,在强调它的历史作用时多少会涉及到历史作用时多少会涉及到历史知识以及一些专有名词的表达。而不管是选择中国的还是国外的历史建筑,鉴于平日里谈论得极少,考试前没有足够的准备就很难开口。
备考策略:考前可以结合其它描述地点或建筑的话题一起准备:Describe a museum/an old building/your favorite building/an important traditional building等,例如北京故宫里的建筑,即是古老而传统的建筑,又是很重要的博物馆,也可以是自己最喜欢的建筑。甚至还可以把它放到Describe the best tourist attraction in China,或者可以描述里面的an interesting exhibition,所以只要提前做好充足的功课,遇到其它问题也都可以迎刃而解。
NO.2 A Place Not Polluted
Describe a place which is not polluted.
You should say:
· where this place is
· what it looks like
· what kind of place is not polluted
and explain what you think about pollution
话题类别:Place
难点解析:如今,在我们工作和生活的环境当中,要描述一个被污染的地方容易,但要描述一个没有被污染的地方就比较难了。众所周知,现在的环境污染问题之严重,乃至于大家都已经习惯了,平日里很难接触亦或是有机会去到更像是世外桃源般的没有被污染过的地方。
备考策略:从题目的细节可以看出,这样的地方也并不是一定要自己亲自去过才能描述的,杂志上,电视节目上曾经介绍过像原始氏族部落聚居的周边地区或无人居住的自然区域都可以描述。考生还可以探讨这些地方没有被污染到的原因,如何保护它们继续不受污染等相对宽泛些的方面。
雅思口语地点类词汇
1.词汇
Right in the center 市中心
In the suburb/ outskirts 在郊区
Spacious 宽敞的
Cramped 狭窄的
Detached house 独立别墅
High-rise flats 小高层
Cosmopolitan/ Modern metropolis国家大都市
Picturesque 风景如画的
Hustle and bustle 城市喧嚣
Historic architecture 历史建筑
Stunning views 非常棒的景观
a fast-growing city in the world 发展很快的城市
Green spaces and parks 绿地和公园
2.常用短语和句型
Within walking distance of shops, restaurants, and bars 距离商店,饭店酒吧只有步行的距离
Two -thirds of the city comprised of water and green space 城市三分之二是水和绿地
Give its residents an amazing high quality of living and safety 居民有高质量的生活和安全感
……. Is home to such iconic structures as (the opera house) 有一些标志性建筑
draws so many people from the world 吸引了很多国外的有课
篇2:2020雅思口语如何能不冷场
雅思口语 如何能不冷场
雅思口语四大标准:
1.fluency andcoherence (流利度和连贯性)
2.lexical resource(词汇)
3.grammatical range and accuracy (语法)
4.pronunciation (发音)
因此,雅思口语考试的本质是形式大过内容,考官其实没有很care大家在讲什么,关键看大家怎么讲。了解了这点我们就知道如何将考试中较为抽象的,较“大”的问题变“小”了。
举个例子:what do you think of fashion?
对于这道题,有的学生可能对购物比较感兴趣,而且最主要的原因是他们可以把时尚这个大词转换为牌子,衣着等具体的小词,适当加入自己买东西的例子,这样回答的就非常不错,不会在考场上出现blank(大脑空白) 的情况。
另外再教大家一个小技巧-“拖延”时间。
例如第三部分two way discussion 的题目都比较抽象,雅思口语提高, 雅思考试怎么准备比较难。那么有时候问题一问出来,可能完全不知道如何回答。那么这个时候就要做到巧妙的“拖延”给自己思考的时间,以便能够顺利回答下去不给考官发现。
1.当问到优劣势的时候,可以这样:
Well, it is really hard to say, you know, every coin has twosides. Personally, there are both advantages and disadvantages with regard to this issue, and I may say the advantages first. One of the major advantages is...
2.当问到观点类的问题是,一般大家开头可能是I think/guess 等等。其实大家可以用下面这句来稍微拖下时间,例如 :
Well, to the best of my knowledge/ as far as I am concerned, I may give vote tothe former/latter opinion...
雅思口语part2素材积累:物品类
具体类物品 如:Describe a book you read、a gift you received from others、a wild animal、a handicraft、an electrical appliance that is useful to you、an important letter that you received、a game you played in your childhood等;
抽象类物品 如:Describe an interesting news、a useful website、a performance you saw、a organization、your future job、your future plan、something that you don't know but would like to learn等。
其实简单的说具体类物品话题就是实实在在存在,能够看得见摸得着的一样东西。而抽象类物品则是一件抽象的东西,可能没有实物参照,而只是比较抽象的描述。所以二者比较而言,具体类物品话题将会好描述的多。雅思口语part2物品类话题详解大家可以仔细阅读一下,这里有关于两类话题具体的细节对比分析。
其次,就是关于具体的解题思路介绍。
1)当我们要描述一个具体类事物时,要把它与人物类以及地点类联系起来,丰富自己的内容。例如:描述a gift时,首先要描述这件礼物具体是什么,外观或是很吸引人的地方;然后,再说是谁送给你的,父母?朋友?同学还是同事?也可以说说这件礼物是从什么地方买的,如果是手工制作的那一定是很用心,同学们可以仔细描述一下。
2)当我们描述一个比较抽象类的话题时,要遵循互通原则。一个话题不会说就要换一种方式灵活应对,不至于哑口无言并缓解冷场气氛。
详细的解题思路分析见雅思口语话题之物品类话题分析、雅思口语part2物体物品类话题思路原来可以这样用、雅思口语虚拟物品类话题攻略。
最后,考生们也需要注意素材的积累——词汇、句式等。
雅思考场具体案例解析:仍以gift为例:Describe a gift you sent to others
物品词汇:
Arts and crafts工艺品;Charm护身符;Cross stitch 十字绣;Knitting 编织品;Shell craft 贝壳制品;Mug 杯子;Multi Purpose Tools 多功能工具
物品特点词汇:
Think out of the box有创意的;User-friendly方便使用的;Durable耐用的;Decent不错的;Portable便于携带的……
高大上句型:
1)The monetary value of the gift is not relevant, it‘s the meaning that is more important. 礼物的价值不在于它的价格而在于它的真情实意。
2) Charm bracelets(幸运手链) are supposed attract wealth, health, or good karma(好运) to the person wearing it.
雅思口语part2素材积累:地点类
NO.1 A Historic Site
Describe an interesting historic site that you visited.
You should say:
· where it was
· what you saw at this site
· what role it played in history
and explain what interested you about that place
话题类别:Place
难点解析:对于历史建筑的描述,在强调它的历史作用时多少会涉及到历史作用时多少会涉及到历史知识以及一些专有名词的表达。而不管是选择中国的还是国外的历史建筑,鉴于平日里谈论得极少,考试前没有足够的准备就很难开口。
备考策略:考前可以结合其它描述地点或建筑的话题一起准备:Describe a museum/an old building/your favorite building/an important traditional building等,例如北京故宫里的建筑,即是古老而传统的建筑,又是很重要的博物馆,也可以是自己最喜欢的建筑。甚至还可以把它放到Describe the best tourist attraction in China,或者可以描述里面的an interesting exhibition,所以只要提前做好充足的功课,遇到其它问题也都可以迎刃而解。
NO.2 A Place Not Polluted
Describe a place which is not polluted.
You should say:
· where this place is
· what it looks like
· what kind of place is not polluted
and explain what you think about pollution
话题类别:Place
难点解析:如今,在我们工作和生活的环境当中,要描述一个被污染的地方容易,但要描述一个没有被污染的地方就比较难了。众所周知,现在的环境污染问题之严重,乃至于大家都已经习惯了,平日里很难接触亦或是有机会去到更像是世外桃源般的没有被污染过的地方。
备考策略:从题目的细节可以看出,这样的地方也并不是一定要自己亲自去过才能描述的,杂志上,电视节目上曾经介绍过像原始氏族部落聚居的周边地区或无人居住的自然区域都可以描述。考生还可以探讨这些地方没有被污染到的原因,如何保护它们继续不受污染等相对宽泛些的方面。
雅思口语地点类词汇
1.词汇
Right in the center 市中心
In the suburb/ outskirts 在郊区
Spacious 宽敞的
Cramped 狭窄的
Detached house 独立别墅
High-rise flats 小高层
Cosmopolitan/ Modern metropolis国家大都市
Picturesque 风景如画的
Hustle and bustle 城市喧嚣
Historic architecture 历史建筑
Stunning views 非常棒的景观
a fast-growing city in the world 发展很快的城市
Green spaces and parks 绿地和公园
2.常用短语和句型
Within walking distance of shops, restaurants, and bars 距离商店,饭店酒吧只有步行的距离
Two -thirds of the city comprised of water and green space 城市三分之二是水和绿地
Give its residents an amazing high quality of living and safety 居民有高质量的生活和安全感
……. Is home to such iconic structures as (the opera house) 有一些标志性建筑
draws so many people from the world 吸引了很多国外的有课
雅思口语如何能不冷场
篇3:雅思口语考试防冷场法宝
Could you please rephrase that question/ topic? I’m not exactly sure what you mean…
I’m not exactly sure how to answer that question, but (perhaps)…
That’s a rather difficult question, but (maybe)…
I’m sorry, but I don’t know much about…However, it might be possible that…
Maybe I can answer your question by telling you about a personal experience I had.
That’s an interesting question…Let me see. Well, I suppose that…
Well, I think there are three ways of looking at it:
First…Second…Finally…
In my opinion there are three ways of it: First of all,…Next,…Then,…
Have I given you enough information?
Is that all you’d like to know?
I think that’s about it.
Would you like me to tell you more about…
I’m afraid that’s about as much as I know…
I can’t think of anything else right now…
雅思口语考试法宝二:You can state you have finished by saying:
I think that’s all.
That’s it, I think…
Have I answered your question?
Does that give you a clear idea?
雅思口语题库part1话题范文:transportation交通工具
Q. How did you get here today?
A. I came by bike because the roads are pretty congested at this time and a bike is quicker. It only took me about 15 minutes to get here.
Q. Do you often use public transport?
A. Yes, I do. I use the bus almost everyday. It’s the cheapest way to get around even though it’s really overcrowded and not particularly punctual.
Q. How could the transportation system be improved in your country?
A. Well, I think the first step to improvement would be to widen the roads and build to overpasses and underpasses to help traffic flow more freely which would reduce the congestion in the city center. Also, it would help if the bus service was improved to make it run more frequently which would help with the overcrowding in rush hour. I think those are the two main changes that need to happen.
What form of transport do you prefer to use? Why?
I prefer to travel by car because it means that I have my own space. Also, the buses and trains in my city are usually overcrowded; my car is much more comfortable.
How much time do you spend travelling on a normal day?
I probably spend about an hour and a half travelling to and from work. I travel during the rush hours, so there is quite a lot of traffic.
What do you do while you are travelling?
I usually listen to the radio or a CD. In the morning I like to listen to the news to find out what is happening in the world.
Do you ever have problems with transport?
Yes, as I said, I get stuck in traffic on my way to and from work. I used to get annoyed by traffic jams, but now I'm used to them.
雅思口语题库part1话题范文:time management时间管理
1.How do you manage (or, organize, or plan) your time?
I normally use an app on my iPhone which allows me to program all the events I have for the week and their duration and then I know roughly how much time I have ans when I have to be someplace at a certain time on a certain day and so on.
2.Would you say you manage (or, organize) your time well?
Generally speaking, yes. I'm usually quite busy during the week so I need to be well organised, but on weekends I'm normally a bit more relaxed about how I use my time.
3.Do you find it hard to manage your time?
I used to, a few years ago, and in fact I didn't do much planning, but as I got busier it became more important to be better organised, so I really made an effort to learn about time management and that's when I started using the app I told you about - that's what made the difference for me, and since then it's just become a habit, so now it's easy.
4.Where did you learn how to organize your time?
I taught myself really, just by reading some articles about time management and trying to find a way of doing it that suited me. It took a bit of time to get used to being disciplined about it, but eventually it became normal for me.
5.How do you think you could better manage your time?
At the moment, I really don't think I could. I mean, I organise all the things I have to do and try to optimise my time between work and studying and it works well for me - so I can't really think how I could improve on what I'm doing just now...but if I had some extra hours in the day, I'd probably plan those as well in the same way.
6.Do you think it's useful to plan your time?
Generally, yes, because you can get more done in the same time. But it's important to have some time free when everything's not planned, that's usually how I treat my weekends as long as there's nothing particular I need to do. I tend to be more relaxed about what I do or when I do it. I don't think it's a good idea to be clock watching all the time - you need some periods of time when you don't have things organised and can just go with the flow.
7.What do you think people would gain if they were better at managing their time?
Well, speaking from my own experience, I used to be terrible at time management and it meant that I was always doing things at the last minute, or even late - now it's completely different, I manage my time well and it allows me to get more done and with less stress so that's what I think other people would benefit from if they managed their own time better, they would have more time free or be able to do more in the same amount of time.
8.Are you ever late for anything?
Very rarely, it almost never happens nowadays.
9.If you had more time, what would you do with the extra time?
I'd probably use it to relax more and maybe do some kind of activity, maybe a sport or something like that to do something different, or learn something new.
雅思口语题库part1话题范文:television电视
1.Do you watch television a lot?
Well, I used to watch but now I have altogether stopped watching it.
或者:Oh! I love watching television. It is something that helps me break off stress after a tiring day.
2.What’s your favorite type of TV program?
Being an architect, I used to not only read books but also watch TV documentaries in order to pick up information related to my field; but recently, because I found that the Internet is full of better material, I’ve been streaming videos, which is a much more efficient way to enhance my knowledge.
3.Do you like watching TV?
I don’t get time really to watch TV and I don’t like the fact that you have no choice about what to watch, so no I would say I don’t really like watching normal TV, I much prefer streaming something on my iPad and watching it when I like.
4.How often do you watch TV?
I’d say maybe only a few times a month when there is a good football match on. I prefer watching football on TV with other people around because it’s a great atmosphere, but if it’s a normal TV show I will just watch it alone at home on my tablet.
5.What kind of TV programmes do you like to watch?
I like dramas and thrillers. I don’t really like anything that is not set in the real world, so I’m not a big fan of sci-fi or fantasy, although I have been getting in to the latest season of Game of Thrones. I also really like to watch documentaries about military history, especially anything to do with the Second World War.
6.What are the most popular TV shows in your country?
雅思口语题库part1话题范文:school学校
1.How old were you when you started school?
My school is in the vicinity of my house.I went there when I was 6 years old, because it is not allowed to start school before than 6.
2.How did you get to school each day?
My school was just located near my home, so every day I walked to school with myself, or sometimes with my neighbours.
3.Tell me something about the school
My school is called the Haiyang Elementary School, which was established 50 years ago in my hometown. The school was quite spacious as it was large but there were no many students. Besides, the teachers there were always kind-hearted and responsible for their teaching.
4.What subjects did you study in secondary school (=high school)?
There were many subjects we had to learn at secondary school, such as maths, English, physics, chemistry, history, geography, and so on. So you can see we had a heavy burden at that time.
5.Have you ever returned to see your old school again?
Yes, every time I go back to my hometown, I’d like to visit my old school and I’ll be very delighted to see how my school developed. I was really proud of it.
6.Can you describe yourself as a good student?
Well, overall I think I am a good student. ... I am not an eager beaver, nor the teacher's pet... but I'm good at scientific subjects and, most importantly, I like studying.
7.Do you study English now?
Yes, of course. I've taken an intensive course this year, where I've attend classes three times a week... And I plan on pursuing my studies in the future, too...
8.Did you enjoy/Do you enjoy studying at school?
I've never really liked school... I'm not a bookworm and a lot of humanities subjects seemed too boring to me. However, the workload was not too big... The other good thing about school is being able to see your friends. And fortunately, I had wonderful classmates.
9.What kind of school did you go as a child?
I have always gone to co-ed schools, right from primary to intermediate and it has helped me to be more comfortable while interacting with opposite sex.
In my country these days reality shows and comedy shows are among the most popular TV programs. I guess it’s because its content is suitable for audience of any age from children to the elderly. The fans of reality shows feel interactive and familiar with the competitors while that of comedy shows generally want to be entertained with jokes and laughters.
7.Do you like watching TV shows from other countries?
Yes, most of the programmes I watch are from the United States. Networks like HBO and Netflix have the biggest budgets and as a result can make some really high quality shows. I don’t think Game of Thrones could be made without a huge budget and America is probably the only country that can make a TV show on that scale.
8.Has the internet affected your viewing habits?
Absolutely, I watch most TV shows on the internet now, rather than a normal TV. There are so many streaming services like Netflix offering on-demand TV and it suits me to be able to watch what I want, when I want. I also like to binge watch a series of TV shows, just watch a whole series in a day or two rather than waiting for the next episode.
9.What is your favourite TV show?
There was an American show called Fargo that I really loved. It was an adaptation of a film made about 15 years ago. The plot lines and characters were really interesting and the dialogue was well written. Unfortunately, there has only been one season of it so far, so I have to wait another year to see the next season.
10.What was your favourite show when you were a child?
I was a bit of a strange child because I didn’t really like cartoons like most of the other kids. But there were a few shows I loved like The A-Team, Knight Rider and Air Wolf. They were so cool and always had great action scenes. I was a bit obsessed with violent action films when I was kid. When I think about them though they weren’t really all that violent compared to shows these days, I don’t think one person was ever killed in any of those programmes.
5个超级词汇推荐
Teacher’s pet 老师的宠儿
Definition: A teacher’s pet is a student who the teacher likes the best, usually because that student is very well behaved, does all the homework and gets good grades.
IELTS example answer: I was a teacher’s pet in almost all my classes, and this made some other students make fun of me sometimes. However, that didn’t bother me because I always got better grades than them!
A kiss-up, or to kiss up 讨好老师的人
Definition: A kiss-up is someone who always flatters, or gives compliments, to another person. In school, sometimes students kiss up to teachers to try and get better grades or, perhaps, get out of trouble.
IELTS example answer: Science was never my strongest subject in school, so I always tried to kiss up to the teacher at the beginning of the year. I would tell my teachers how young they looked, and sometimes I would bring them little presents.
Side note: This could be used to describe a person in any situation, perhaps a brother or sister who kissed up to your parents, for example. Get more idioms to describe family here, as this is another very common IELTS Speaking topic!
Draw a blank脑子一片空白
Definition: When you cannot think of a word or idea, your mind is blank and empty.
IELTS example answer: The teacher asked me about the chapter we had read for homework, but I drew a blank. I suddenly could not remember anything about what I had read the night before.
Side note: This is also a great phrase for buying time on the IELTS Speaking exam!
Cover a lot of ground涉及到很多内容
Definition: This phrase means to go over a lot of material or information.
IELTS example answer: Although my test preparation class is only one hour, we learn a lot in that time. I’m amazed at how we cover so much ground in every class.
Side note: This could also be used when talking about work, such as when you describe a meeting in which you went over a lot of information. Get more idioms for describing work, another very common IELTS topic.
Learn by heart死记硬背
Definition: This is lovely idiom which is synonymous with “memorize”.
IELTS example answer: In sixth grade, we had to learn all the states and their capitals by heart. I still remember all of them!
篇4:雅思口语Part2如何避免冷场轻松展开话题
雅思口语part2总会发愁怎么说,前面感觉自己已经说了好几句后面尴尬大冷场,雅思考场上怎样解决这样的问题,让自己part2说完雅思考官笑逐颜开?
雅思口语Part2如何避免冷场 轻松展开话题?
雅思口语的Part 2要求学生根据一个话题,准备1分钟后再进行2分钟的描述。很多学生对这个部分望而生畏,因为回答此部分时,很多学生往往“无话可说”。雅思考生无话可说的一个主要原因是答题过短,即学生只针对话题相关问题进行简短回答而不展开。本文中,雅思小编和大家一起看一些简单实用的拓展答题思路的策略,希望能为雅思备考童鞋们突破这个难题助一臂之力。
话题拓展 预热:抓重点。
建议雅思考生拿到话题卡后,首先要分析话题句的关键词,其次应找出话题后的问题哪一个最为重要,并以此为重点展开。其余问题则只需点到为止。通常来说,雅思口语话题卡相关问题前面3个问题都是时间、地点、人物等背景介绍,不太容易展开;而最后1到2个往往是询问考生看法、观点的问题,因而通常较为容易展开。雅思考生在读题时,应注意将话题分为三个部分,即话题句部分,简述部分(通常包括前三个问题),详述部分(最后一个或者两个问题),分别采用不同的展开策略。
试以People类型题中的family member为例(原题如下):
Describe a family member you spend most time with
You should say:
Who the person is
How long you have been together
What you do together
And explain why you'd like to spend time with this person.
显然,第1、2、3问题都是时间地点等背景知识,可以展开但显然很难尽情发挥,因而可归纳入简述部分;而第4个问题高兴的原因则可以随意铺陈开来,因而显然成为回答的重点,应该归纳为详述部分,并以此为主进行展开。
下面,专家将分别讨论话题句部分、简述部分和详述部分的展开策略。
话题拓展 话题句部分
策略:提供固定的开头套路。
许多学生时常看到题目就不知如何下手,出现辞穷的状况。
雅思小编发现,如果在描述中能准备一个固定的开头套路,可以让雅思考生任何时候都有话可说,绝不会出现无话可说的窘境。这种方法可以使雅思考生很快的放松下来,迅速进入考试状态。
固定套路如下:
Talking about(话题句关键词),I think of (答案关键词) at once.
或Speaking of (话题句关键词),the first coming into my mind is (答案关键词)
雅思考试口语技巧揭秘
雅思口语考试技巧一:最高级的回答最好在最后点明
考题中有很多问题是带有最高级的,如:What's the best time of a day- 对于这类考题,无论您用的是什么样的拓展方式,一定要在最后点出题目的回答重点,即“最为…………的是……”。切忌说了一大堆,最后却忘了去对某一点进行特殊强调。在回答的过程中也可适当的用一些表述特殊强调的词,比如my favorite is…等。
雅思口语考试技巧二:地域性的问题回答不能泛泛而谈,要有具体的细节地方
有些考题有明确的地域性规定,如:How's the traffic around your home- What can you see from your window- Are there any fitness facilities near your home- 这些题目中都是些表明地点限制的短语。在考场中,经常有学生忽略这些限制,比如在回答第一题时,只是泛泛而谈上海的交通状况,却只字未提家周围的交通状况。
雅思口语考试技巧三:修饰语要紧扣考题
考题中的修饰语通常最易被考生错过,通常一个小小的形容词就已经点明了考题的回答方向。而这样的形容词又很容易在考试听题时被错过,特别是那些名词之前出现的形容词,经常被学生当作不会影响对考题理解的词而自动过滤掉。但是实质上,对于这些词的把握会对答题的质量和角度产生决定性的影响。比如在听到Is it convenient for you to buy fresh vegetables and fruits- 这道题时,学生经常会无视fresh这个词,而只是泛泛的谈论购买蔬菜水果的问题。但是事实上fresh这个词放在这里给我们提供了很多回答的角度,实质上我们就可以抓住这个词,将fresh vegetables and fruits和preserved vegetables and fruits做一个对比。这样,我们的回答会更加紧扣考题并又非常具有特色。
雅思口语考试技巧:时态细节要把握准确
时态细节是最基本的,而且是一定要把握的,如果时态弄错将会导致较为严重的后果。而很多的学生本身就对动词的时态变化不够熟悉,在说的时候更容易混淆的一塌糊涂,所以这也是我们练习的一个重点。特别是过去时,所以我们在考前一定要熟悉基本动词的过去式和过去分词,因为考过去时的考题占的比重还是非常之大的。此外,虚拟语态的考题也有一定的比重,也是大多数学生会出现错误的地方,如If you can redesign your home, what would you do- Would you like to change your job in the future- 在回答这些题目时我们也要用到虚拟语态,也是我们需要练习的重点。
雅思口语考试技巧:我们要在回答中注意避免中国式思维
有很多我们从小说到大的英语并不一定是非常贴切的,更加不是老外们的street language.比如,我们从小学到的对于How are you-的标准回答是Fine thank you, and you-实质上这种回答在老外听起来是相当不礼貌的。所以适当的学习一些地道式的英语表达将会为您的回答增色不少。新东方推荐考生最好的办法是多看些原版的电影和书籍,特别是那些较为生活化的情景剧,从中,我们可以学到不少的地道表达方式,从而也可以让我们自己的回答听起来洋味十足。
雅思口语话题:A plan in your life
A plan in your life (that is not related to work or study)
You should say:
What it was about
When you made it
How it worked
And how you felt about the result
雅思口语思路:按照‘现在时-过去时-将来时’的结构去完成这个part 2 话题。
平时喜不喜欢做计划,都喜欢关于什么的呢。
这个具体的计划是什么,什么时候定的,为什么。
如果去做了,会有什么优点呢。(结果)
还有什么好处呢。
会有什么值得担心的呢。
别人有没有同样的想法。
以后要不要还要做别的计划。
误区:不确定时态的时候可以稍微去看一下you should say部分,给自己一些提示。比如这里一看大部分都是过去时态,那个整个的内容应该就是过去的计划。
语料:
most of the time 大部分时候
study related 与学习相关的
a plan of mine 我的计划
guide book 导游书
totally on my own 完全靠自己
book hotel rooms 订酒店
a guided tour group 旅行团
do a lot of research 做很多研究
all sorts of information 各种信息
be desperate to know 急切的想知道
have a blast 很开心
it is pissing down 下大雨
雅思口语话题范例: Well, to be honest, I’ve got to say it’s a pretty difficult topic for me, cause you might not know this, but most of the time, it’s my mom who does all the planning for me, especially when it is study related. So if I’ve got to choose a plan of mine and tell you a little bit about it, perhaps I can just bring up the one I did for my trip to Sri Lanka.
In fact, way before last year, I bought Lonely Planet Sri Lanka when it was on sale, you know, it’s a guide book. They do all sorts of destinations. And then there was this one day, I realized that edition I had been having was going out of date soon, cause I saw the new version was coming out soon. So I thought it was time to plan a trip soon. You might not know this but normally I would love to go somewhere totally on my own. By accident one of my friends heard about my idea and she said she wanted to join me. So I booked our tickets and the hotel for the first night. We didn’t choose to go with a guided tour group, so we had to do a lot of research online before hand. Luckily I found a good website called tripadvisor which gave me all sorts of information I was desperate to know.
This Chinese New Year, we finally made it to Colombo, which is the capital. Even now, I’m feeling so lucky that I came up with the idea of travelling cause I really had a blast on that beautiful island. What I liked the best was the trip was quite spontaneous. I didn’t make any specific route before hand, so we were just following our heart the whole time. Apart from that, thank god, I checked the weather and that and successfully avoided the north which was pissing down at the time. Where we went, which is along the southwest coast, was sunny throughout the whole journey. Still though, there was something I didn’t arrange too perfectly. I didn’t pre book the hotels so when we got to each new city, we had to look for one ourselves, and the prices were relatively high as well. If I didn’t spend that much money, I would have probably stayed a bit longer. At the same time, my friend who went along seemed to enjoy herself just as much. Anyway, I think I might crack on a new plan for the next journey hopefully really soon.
雅思口语话题:Shoes
1. Do you like shopping for shoes?
Yes: Absolutely! Just like most girls do.Cuz to me, they are not just something you put on, but more of a fashion accessory (时尚配饰).
No: Actually, unlike some people, I’m not big on (be big on: be a fan of;be fond of) buying shoes. To me, it’s just a matter of (仅仅是…) finding the right ones. Nothingmore.
2. How often do you buy shoes?
Yes: From time to time (时常,常常), I think. I would buy acouple of new pairs of shoes almost every season to match with my outfit (搭配我的着装).
No: Probably once in a few months, onaverage (平均来说). Cuz my shoes tend to be quite durable (耐用的,耐穿的), and they usually last a long time before they are worn out (磨破,穿破).
3. What kinds of shoes do you usually buy?
I shop for a wide range of shoes, from highheels (高跟鞋), flats(平底鞋), boots (靴子), totraining shoes (运动鞋), you know, to serve different needs (满足不同的需求).
The shoes I shop for are mostly simple, plain-looking (ordinary-looking) and comfortable ones. Cuz that’s basically everything that I need!
4. Do you prefer comfortable shoes, or good-looking shoes?
That’s an easy one! When it comes to shoes,comfort is always the number one priority(something that is more important than anything else).But that doesn’t mean I don’t care for (be fond of) looks. I mean, nobody wants to wear shoes that lookhideous(super ugly), right?
5. Do you have a pair of shoes that you especially like?
I do, as a matter of fact (in fact; actually). They are a pair of limitededition (限量版) that I bought a few years ago. I kind of splurgedon (splurgeon sth: spend a lot of money on sth 挥霍) them, but they are totallyworth it (be worth it: 值得)!
6. Do you ever buy shoes online?
Yeah, sometimes. Cuz there are some specialsoffers and discounts (优惠、折扣) every once in a while, which could save me some money. So,why not?
No, never. I would buy other things online,but if I wanna shop for shoes, I’d rather go to a shoe store. Cuz theproblem with shopping online is that (The problem with sth is that…: 什么的问题是…) you won’t be able to trythem on (试穿) andmay end up(end up doing: 到头来) buying a pair of shoes that don’t fit.
7. Do you think men and women are equally interested in buying shoes?
I don’t think so. Generally, women seem tobe more into shoes compared with guys. They tend to own shoes of differentstyles for various occasions (场合). For men, on the other hand, they are prettymuch (to some degree) the same thing.
雅思口语Part2如何避免冷场 轻松展开话题
篇5:雅思口语part3没答好,直接冷场懵逼了
雅思口语part3没答好,直接冷场懵逼了~
应该是会受影响的。主要看你后续的问题回答的如何。
其实对于这种冷场或者一时蒙圈的情况,完全可以把问题再重复一遍,给自己思考的时间;也许考官还能在说点啥,延迟你回答的时间,或者切换到下一个问题。
直接冷场,对于面对面的雅思口语考试来说,是大忌。后面问题回答的精彩,考官会酌情将你前面这个打结的部分给稍微忽略一点,毕竟考得是整体表现。
tips:雅思口语part3答题套路有哪些
原因题,观点题,对比题,方案题,种类题
why....?给出观点,解释原因,举个例子。
do you think....?should.....?给出观点,让步although....,重申观点,解释,举例。
what is the difference between ...and...?总述差异,分述差异。
how to.....?what should we do to....?给方案,说现状,提措施。
what kinds/types/sorts of.....?总述,分述,细节,举例。
雅思口语part3问题太多,因为它就叫“further discussion”啊
为什么叫做“further discussion”
虽然Part3算不上一场真正的“讨论”,因为基本上只有考生在回答问题,但是考官还是努力地营造出discussion的气氛,比如会针对一个topic提问几个相关问题,并且根据你的回答有针对性地提出新的问题等。其实,了解到part3具备discussion的特点,对考试是很有帮助的。例如,在discussion中,当你被问到一个比较有挑战性的问题而不确定答案时,保持沉默是不对的,因为会使对方觉得你因为不满或生气而不愿谈论这个话题。所以我们当然也不应该在考试时这么做。首先,可以使用一些表达为难的句型,比如“oh,that’s a difficult question to answer,you sure seem to know how to ask hard questions!”来赢得思考时间。其次,你完全可以尝试用猜测的方式来回答问题,例如“I’ve no idea,but if I were...,I would probably...”因为这在discussion中是完全可行的。
雅思口语programme高分建议
1. 千万不能只说Sorry
在雅思考试中,考生要充分认识中西方文化的差异。中国人讲究谦虚,在听不懂的情况下,经常以“sorry”一词以蔽之。秉承孔子“知之为知之,不知为不知”的优良儒家思想。这固然是一种优点,可在欧美文化中,却不太认可,在实际操作的时候还要讲求方法。
考生在碰到生词或听不懂某个单词的意思时,第一:切莫慌张(因为听不懂是很正常的事);第二:一定要使用得体的语言来询问考官,千万不能只说一声Sorry!
2.雅思口语考官最恨两样东西generalized & memorized
雅思口语考官最恨两样东西,一个是过于笼统抽象的回答(generalized response),另一个是死记硬背的答案(memorized answer),坦白地说,一旦发现有这种倾向,考官会立即纠正或警告考生,而如果考生继续一意孤行,就会直接被“打入地狱”。
通常的做法是bring them back to a narrower topic或者interrupt their memorized answer and ask them a very different question,由此可见考官对整个考试的操作灵活度是相当大的,也同时对各位考生提出了一种警示:胆敢用事先背好的答案在资深考官面前“耍大刀”无异于在玩玩火。
专家建议:背诵一些优秀的答案的确是有助益的,但需要注意两点:一是尽量把memorized answer内化,即变成你思想的一部分或你自己平时讲话的一部分;二是在背诵之后,至少要能用三种不同的方式来复述一遍。能做到这两条的考生就能把memorization变作一件有意义的事情!
雅思口语话题:jewelry
话说每个女孩子都喜欢珠宝首饰等,今天小编来和大家分享一个时尚的雅思口语话题--jewelry
听到这么个大家完全没想到会出现的topic,我估计除了蒙圈以外,你们脑袋里瞬间会脑补类似“珠光宝气bedecked with jewelry,璀璨美艳resplendent and glamorous”这样的词。有人也许还会想这个话题太女性化了,遇到这样的话题男童鞋只能一声叹息了。天啊,要是大家都是这样的想法,这让我们的男童鞋情何以堪啊?难道我们在考场就只能悲催地一直nonono下去吗?
The related questions about jewelry
What kind of jewelry do you like to buy?
What do you know about jewelry?
What’s your attitude toward jewelry?
How often do you wear jewelry?
Why do people like to wear jewelry?
Why do many people choose to buy expensive jewelry?
从性别解放和独立平等的角度来讲
Jewelry is no longer exclusively beloved by ladies. The males’ life style and taste could also be reflected through the ornaments they wear. This is one of the unique demonstrations of their life style and quality they are pursuing.
从珠宝的功能来看
In ancient China, it used to be the symbol of social status and power when the men wore the gem. But in contemporary world, no matter for males or females, wearing jewelry is no longer for the purpose of demonstrating the power and social status, it is more functionally as the decoration for the individual to show his or her unique taste and style. Sometimes, jewelry also has practical function, for example, jade has been claimed to be good for the health.
珠宝的魔力
1. Jewelry is the non-renewable recourse that is the precious wealth left to mankind by the nature.
2. Natural gemstone is the emblem of wealth and status,which has the predictable or ever-increasing value. The royal families and the aristocratare proud of the rare jewels they own all over the world. The “family heirloom” is the important part of family wealth. This is just due to the rarity of some natural gemstone.
3. Historically, Jewelry has beenendued by mankind with some unique symbols and features, which has lured people to pursue them. For instance, diamond represents perseverance and long-lasting, which has been symbolized for the perpetual love. While jade has been articulated to be able to function for health care.
4. Jewelry is a kind of decoration that has profound cultural connotation. Varied types of jewelry is actually appreciated and longed by different people in diverse cultures . In Europe, people are partial to emulation jewelry, while Chinese people like the gold jewelry. Westerners love emeralds , but Japanese people prefer the golden pearls. In general, Westerners love the style that is more expressive, while Easterners prefer more conservative, symmetrical design.
5. Gem is a commodity for appreciation first. The motivation of purchasing is usually derived from the aesthetic and artistic value, such as the beautiful colorand style, the superior material, the sophisticated design and processing. The value of the jewelry is also reflected as an exquisite artifact designed and produced by people who endorse each piece of the artworks with the creativity, uniqueness and cultural heritage of the times.
6. The precious jewelry highlights characteristics of distinguishing to create classic and unfold the elegant self-confidence. Each jewel is the one and the only primitive artifact. The warmth of dignity does not lose its aura.
补充词汇
宝石:gem stone
珍珠类:pearls
钻石:diamond
红宝石:ruby
蓝宝石:sapphire
紫晶:amethyst
祖母绿:emerald
翡翠:jade
绿松石:turquoise
绿宝石:beryl
无色水晶:rock crystal
黄水晶:citrine
烟晶:smoky quartz
玛瑙:agate
琥珀:amber
珍珠:pearl
铂金:platinum
纯金:gold
纯银:sterling
铜:copper
黄铜:brass
饰品
手镯:bangle
手链:bracelet
胸针:brooch
珠扣:clasp
耳环:earing
项链:necklace
吊坠:pendant
挂件:parts
发夹:hair clip
篇6:雅思口语考试冷场怎么办?这三种情况下可以这么说
雅思口语考试冷场怎么办?这三种情况下可以这么说
面对很多话题,同学们只能说出寥寥数语,而且绝大多数同学所说的内容基本雷同。
如:a famous animal in China,中国学生的标准答案就是panda,而且关于panda,同学们除了说出It has white body and black eyes或者It's cute之外,几乎没有区别于其他同学的内容。
现在小编就给大家讲3个解决冷场的方法:
避免冷场法1:当你感觉自己的回答太短
Maybe I can answer your question by telling you about a personal experience.
That’s an interesting question…Let me see. Well, I suppose that…
Well, I think there are three ways of looking at it:
First…Second…Finally…
In my opinion there are three ways of it: First of all,…Next,…Then,…
避免冷场法2:当你没话说了,而考官还在期待
结束回答,把问题抛回给考官,或者让考官重启别的话题。
Have I given you enough information?
Is that all you’d like to know?
Would you like me to tell you more about…?
I’m afraid that’s about as much as I know…
I can’t think of anything else right now…
I think that’s all.
That’s it, I think…
Have I answered your question?
Does that give you a clear idea?
避免冷场法3:当你没有听懂,可以这样说
Could you please rephrase that question/ topic? I’m not exactly sure what you mean…
I’m not exactly sure how to answer that question, but (perhaps)…
That’s a rather difficult question, but (maybe)…
I’m sorry, but I don’t know much about…However, it might be possible that…
倒计时3个月如何突破雅思口语
雅思考试倒计时3个月,雅思口语考试要怎么准备?怎样能够取得更好的成绩?请跟小编一起往下看。
倒数第12周,雅思口语考试要怎么准备?了解雅思口语考试了解自己的优劣势,定下目标和复习方向看看这类书刊了解了解,对考试会有帮助的
倒数第11周找一些自己喜欢看的英文书,每天坚持朗读45分钟,同一篇文章或句子,段落需练习数遍至脱口而出。此工作需持之以恒,一个月即效果明显。
好的文章内容能扩大知识面,增加对英美文化的理解,朗朗上口的段子能提高语感,丰富表达方式,地道的俚语俗语会给考官一个惊喜并在分数上有比较明显的体现。
倒数第10~8周,雅思口语考试要怎么准备?
选择一个好的IELTS课程,按老师指导,根据仿真度高的材料准备,能让你在较短的时间内熟悉考试模式,更理想的是找到志同道合的学习伙伴。
一般IELTS培训课程都会有纯正英语国家教师进行模考—-提供了一次很好的锻炼机会和实战经验。
倒数第7周是一个分界线,雅思口语考试要怎么准备更有突破呢?
第7周开始准备第一阶段内容认真填写申请表采取伙伴练习,模拟对话形式。此阶段内容多与考生自身相关,在回答的过程中应表现的随意些。
倒数第6周将手头上现成的资料分门别类整理,制成卡片结合自身情况和体会,用自己的语言将每个Topic口头表述成一篇200~250字的完整短文。请按 人,用品,事件等Topic分类表述时不要用太生僻的单词。
倒数第5周,雅思口语考试要怎么准备?进行到第2阶段内容,同时抽空复习第1阶段内容多次练习自己准备的短问。一定要做到出现此题目或类似题目,脑海中能浮现所有关键信息。
倒数第4~3周准备第3阶段内容,复习第2,3阶段内容基本与第2阶段准备工作相同,适当增加表述问题的深度。
第2周最后冲刺,混合各阶段内容,综合复习。
一般情况,第3阶段的问题与第2阶段的话题紧密联系的,练习时应善于联想相关问题和信息。
最后一周,最关键的时刻雅思口语考试要怎么准备?每天进行模拟口试4次,共60分钟这样在考试前基本可以“消灭”所有可能出现的问题。
坚信—一份耕耘一份收获,轻松自如的上考场吧!
雅思口语;高频话题Fruits这么说准没错儿
最近热火的中国版《深夜食堂》掀起网络热议,一经播出,豆瓣分数持续走低,天朝网友纷纷吐槽导演对中国深夜美食可能是不是有什么误会?
很多人并没有从中感受到深夜食堂应带来的味蕾上的刺激与享受,但其实,除美食不可辜负外,水果也是我们生活中必不可少的一项。如果生日男盆友给你来这么一束,我想,没有几个女孩能控几住记几吧~
说了半天,小编带大家侃侃最近考试中常出现的高频话题“Fruits”。很多同学反映说这个话题在生活中非常熟悉,但是一到考场上,头脑中蹦出来的词无外乎是“apple”, “pear”,“peach”或者“delicious”...那么到底如何玩转这个话题,说出的东西让考官“耳”前为之一亮呢?
Fruits
1. Do you like to eat fruit(s) and vegetables?
2. What kind of fruit do you like?
3. What’s your favorite fruit?
4. Do you think people should eat more fruits and vegetables?
5. What are the benefits for children from eating fruits and vegetables?
6. How much fruit and vegetables do you think a person needs to stay healthy?
可以和考官聊↓
Apricot 杏——常被加工成 (processed into)果脯 (dried fruit)
Avocado 牛油果——并不是国内常吃的水果,但在西方的饮食文化中常常出现:比如带有牛油果的色拉,或者牛油果冰沙 (smoothies),有时也可作为装饰菜 (garnish)
Blueberry 蓝莓——甜,有营养,而且广受欢迎 (sweet, nutritious and widely popular);富含著名的花青素,常吃可起到抗氧化的作用 (a good source of anthocyanin and have the highest antioxidant capacity)
Coconut 椰子——夏天还可以吃到美味的椰子冻 (coconut jelly)
Date 枣——维C含量最高(a good source of Vitamin C)
Mangosteen 山竹——果实的形状比较特殊,像梨子的形状。新鲜的果实是雪白色,味甜而多汁,而且香味扑鼻 (the fruit is unique pear-shaped, snow-white, sweet and juicy; the flavour is tangy and fragrant)
Pomegranate 石榴——外皮儿是微红色的,厚,不可食用;可食用的是里面的籽儿,而且籽儿长得也比较特殊,是那种像水包起来的果肉 (The reddish skin is thick and inedible, but there are hundreds of edible (可食用的) seeds inside; Each seed has a surrounding water-laden pulp)
Why do we eat MORE fruits?
从小,爸爸妈妈没少说:多吃蔬菜水果--有益健康。水果们酸酸甜甜的口感(sweet and sour)不仅能满足你的味蕾 (satisfy your taste buds),也藏着身体最需要的各种能量。
-- 好吃多汁scrumptious and succulent
-- 增强免疫力,医生医生远离我boosts your immune system and keeps your disease free
The health benefits of fruits guarantee you optimum health and a well-built body in the long run. The combination of powerful minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, flavonoids and the countless nutrients make fruits very advantageous for your health. The daily consumption of fresh fruits lowers the risk of strokes/ high blood pressure/ indigestion/ cancer/ heart disease/ diabetes/ and other chronic diseases.
还有一种水果,大家对它绝对是爱憎分明。
榴莲--durian
If you've ever smelled a durian even once, you probably remember it.
Regarded by many people in Southeast Asia as the notorious “king of fruits”, the durian is distinctive for its large size, strong odour, and formidable thorn-covered husk.
The fruit's flesh is sometimes eaten raw, or is cooked and used to flavour a number of dishes and candies.
Some people regard the durian as having a pleasantly sweet fragrance; others find the aroma overpowering with an unpleasant odour.It smells like shit and tastes like farts...and gym socks. The smells evokes reactions from deep appreciation to intense disgust.
For whatever reason, people continue to be drawn to durian.
To durian lovers, the taste is mildly sweet, almondy and very creamy, not unlike a rich cheesecake. It has a whiff of alcohol about it, which explains why eating it gives you this hot feeling inside--like you've downed a shot of vodka.
You either hate it, or you love it. Intensely.
补充词汇
Kinds of fruits:
Blackberry 黑莓
Blackcurrant 黑加仑
Cherry 樱桃
Cranberry 蔓越莓
Cantaloupe哈密瓜
Dragon fruit 火龙果
Fig 无花果
Grape 葡萄
Grapefruit 葡萄柚
Goji berry 枸杞
Honeydew melon 白兰瓜(伊丽莎白瓜)
Kiwi fruit 猕猴桃
Lemon 柠檬
Lychee荔枝
Longan 龙眼
Mango 芒果
Mulberry 桑葚;深紫色
Nectarine 油桃
Orange 橙子
Plum 李子
Peach 桃
Pear 梨
Pineapple 菠萝
Papaya 木瓜
Raspberry 树莓
Star fruit 杨桃
Strawberry 草莓
Tangerine 橘子
Tamarind 酸角
Watermelon 西瓜
Words Related to Fruits:
Seed 种子
Peel 果皮
Stalk 茎;梗;柄e.g.celery stalks 芹菜茎
Flesh 果肉
Segment 瓣 e.g. Orange segments 橘子瓣
Pit 果核 e.g. A peach pit 桃核
雅思口语考试冷场怎么办?这三种情况下可以这么说
★ 雅思口语
★ 雅思口语Part2educationaltelevisionprogram
★ 雅思口语备考
雅思口语如何能不冷场(共6篇)
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