大学英语四级考试中篇章理解新题型的答题策略研究

时间：2022-11-25 16:01:58 作者：蛮像个小孩综合材料收藏本文下载本文

“蛮像个小孩”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了6篇大学英语四级考试中篇章理解新题型的答题策略研究，下面是小编为大家整理后的大学英语四级考试中篇章理解新题型的答题策略研究，仅供大家参考借鉴，希望大家喜欢!

目录
第1篇：大学英语四级考试中篇章理解新题型的答题策略研究第2篇：英语四级考试新题型第3篇：英语四级考试新题型第4篇：大学英语四级考试题型第5篇：大学英语四级考试题型第6篇：大学英语四级新题型模拟训练

篇1：大学英语四级考试中篇章理解新题型的答题策略研究

从定性研究的角度入手,通过收集受试答题过程中有声思维的数据,分析了受试在大学英语四级考试篇章理解新题型中的答题策略,为新题型的`测量能力提供进一步的效度验证的证据,也为语言教学及考试朝着更加合理的方向发展提供参考意见.

作者：陈艳君 CHEN Yan-jun 作者单位：浙江林学院外国语学院,浙江,临安,311300 刊名：牡丹江教育学院学报英文刊名：JOURNAL OF MUDANJIANG COLLEGE OF EDUCATION 年，卷(期)： “”(6) 分类号：H319 关键词：大学英语四级考试篇章理解策略能力答题策略

篇2：英语四级考试新题型

英语四级考试改革后，其他题型的变化并不是很大，主要的变化在于四级听力上。光阴如梭，日子一天天的过去，英语四级考试在不久的将来，又会再一次降临的。那么小伙伴们该如何准备英语四级呢?

一、英语四级新题型――听力

其实整个四级考试改革，其它题型都没有发生变化，主要改变的就是听力这一题型。首先大家伙儿随着我来了解一下听力到底改革了哪里哦~~

1.取消短对话

2.取消复合式听写

3.新增3篇短新闻

以上三个点就是此次听力改革后的最主要的变化了，出现的英语四级新题型是短新闻。而这个短新闻的增加，意味着四级听力部分难度的增加，有人可能会问：那么我们该如何应对呢?小伙伴们不要着急，请看下文。

二、精听旧真题听力

之所以让大家精听旧真题听力题，主要是因为真题是最好的复习资料。虽说改革后的新题型不太一样，但是旧题型中的长对话和听力篇章部分仍然是需要小伙伴们备考的;而且目前阶段听力改革新题型并不多，所以练习旧题型是最好的了。

大家可以在零元课网站下载真题听力资料，都是免费的哦~~最主要是里面有听力题型的详细做题技巧。大家可以用来好好研究学习的啦!!!如果说你能把他们下载到你的手机上，我认为这一定是个Good idea啦~~

三、练习听力改革新题型

既然听力题型进行了大的变动，那么大家伙儿在复习的时候，一定要多练习改革后的新题型，以此来提升自己的听力能力啦~~不能只是学习老一套，顺应听力改革浪潮，才能复习好听力的啦!

那么改革新题型哪里找?给大家讲讲我用的巨微英语《四级真题/逐句精解》(书中的基础知识也很详细，一句句解析单词和语法，很适合基础不好的人打基础呢!!我就是受益者啦)中附带的3套听力改革新题型吧!!可都是很不错的资料呢!我当时就用这些题来练习改革新题型的，每套新题型我做了不下5遍哦~~感觉效果还是很不错的，可能我自己真的用心了吧!!哈哈~~世上无难事，只怕有心人。大家加油!

1.英语四级考试新题型

2.2017关于英语四级新题型解析

3.6月份大学英语四级的6大答题技巧

4.20改革后专四备考须知

5.2017大学英语四级考试时间公布(全年)

6.大学英语四级的6大答题技巧

篇3：英语四级考试新题型

写作部分测试学生用英语进行书面表达的能力，所占分值比例为15%，考试时间30分钟。写作测试选用考生所熟悉的题材，要求考生根据所提供的信息及提示（如：提纲、情景、图片或图表等）写出一篇短文，四级120―180词，六级150―200词。

2）听力

为了适应新的形势下社会对大学生英语听力能力需求的变化，进一步提高听力测试的效度，全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会自6月考试起将对四、六级考试的听力试题作局部调整。调整的相关内容说明如下：①取消短对话 ②取消短文听写 ③新增短篇新闻（3段），其余测试内容不变。

3）阅读理解

阅读理解部分包括1篇长篇阅读和3篇仔细阅读，测试学生在不同层面上的阅读理解能力，包括理解篇章或段落的主旨大意和重要细节、综合分析、推测判断以及根据上下文推测词义等能力。该部分所占分值比例为35%，其中长篇阅读占10%，仔细阅读占25%。考试时间40分钟。

长篇阅读部分采用1篇较长篇幅的文章，总长度四级约1000词，六级约1200词。阅读速度四级约每分钟100词;六级约每分钟120词。篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。

仔细阅读部分要求考生阅读3篇短文。2篇为多项选择题型的短文理解测试，每篇长度四级为300―350词，六级为400―450词;1篇为选词填空，篇章长度四级为200―250词，六级为250―300词。短文理解每篇后有若干个问题，要求考生根据对文章的理解，从每题的四个选项中选择最佳答案。选词填空要求考生阅读一篇删去若干词汇的短文，然后从所给的选项中选择正确的词汇填空，使短文复原。

4）翻译

翻译部分测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力，所占分值比例为15%，考试时间30分钟。翻译题型为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140―160个汉字，六级长度为180―200个汉字。

1.2017英语四级考试新题型

2.2017英语四级的新题型

3.英语四级的新题型介绍

4.英语四级的新题型

5.2017关于英语四级新题型解析

6.恩波名师点评四六级新题型样卷

7.大学生应考英语四级听力新题型策略

8.英语四级听力新题型备考三大注意事项

篇4：大学英语四级考试题型

1. 试卷构成

四级和六级的试卷构成相同，由写作、听力理解、阅读理解和翻译四个部分组成，分值比例为：写作15%，听力35%，阅读35%，翻译15%。考试时间为130分钟。四级和六级的试卷结构、测试内容、测试题型、分值比例和考试时间如下表所示：

试卷结构

测试内容

测试题型

分值比例

考试时间

写作

短文写作

15%

30分钟

听力理解

听力对话

短对话

多项选择

30分钟

长对话

多项选择

听力短文

短文理解

多项选择

10%

短文听写

单词及词组听写

10%

阅读理解

词汇理解

选词填空

40分钟

长篇阅读

匹配

10%

仔细阅读

多项选择

20%

翻译

汉译英

段落翻译

15%

30分钟

总计

100%

130分钟

2、题型描述

1)写作

写作部分测试学生用英语进行书面表达的能力，所占分值比例为15%，考试时间30分钟。写作测试选用考生所熟悉的题材，要求考生根据所提供的信息及提示(如：提纲、情景、图片或图表等)写出一篇短文，四级120-180词，六级150-200词。

2) 听力理解

听力理解部分测试学生获取口头信息的能力。录音材料用标准的英式或美式英语朗读，语速四级约每分钟130词，六级约每分钟150词。听力部分分值比例为35%，其中对话占15%，短文占20%。考试时间30分钟。

对话部分包括短对话和长对话，采用多项选择题的形式进行考核。短对话有8段，每段提一个问题;长对话有2段，每段提3-4个问题;对话部分共15题。每段对话均朗读一遍，每个问题后留有13-15秒的答题时间。

短文部分包括短文理解及单词和词组听写。短文理解有3篇，采用多项选择题的形式进行考核。四级每篇长度为220-250词，六级为240-270词。每篇短文朗读一遍，提3-4个问题，每个问题后留有13-15秒的答题时间，共10题。单词及词组听写采用1篇短文，四级的长度为220-250词，六级为240-270词。要求考生在听懂短文的基础上用所听到的原文填写空缺的单词或词组，共10题。短文播放三遍。

3)阅读理解

仔细阅读部分要求考生阅读3篇短文。2篇为多项选择题型的短文理解测试，每篇长度四级为300-350词，六级为400-450词;1篇为选词填空，篇章长度四级为200-250词，六级为250-300词。短文理解每篇后有若干个问题，要求考生根据对文章的理解，从每题的四个选项中选择最佳答案。选词填空要求考生阅读一篇删去若干词汇的短文，然后从所给的选项中选择正确的词汇填空，使短文复原。

4)翻译

翻译部分测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力，所占分值比例为15%，考试时间30分钟。翻译题型为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字，六级长度为180-200个汉字。

3、分数解释

大学英语四、六级考试是标准相关-常模参照的标准化考试。标准相关体现在：1)试卷各部分的设计和命题参照大学英语的教学要求规定的技能和标准;2)写作和翻译部分的阅卷依据评分标准。常模参照体现在考后各部分的原始分转换成报道分时，分别参照各部分的常模。因此，考试既是标准相关又具有常模参照的性质。

大学英语四、六级考试不设及格线。经过等值处理后的原始总分参照总分常模转换成常模正态分，均值为500、标准差为70，报道总分在220分至710分之间。在将原始分转换成报道分时，各部分采用不同的分数量表，从而使各部分报道分的简单相加之和等于报道总分。

采用常模参照旨在保证考试分数解释的稳定性。考生的任何一次四、六级考试成绩均可在四级或六级常模中找到其百分位位置，即考生成绩在相应级别的常模群体中所处的相对位置。考试委员会网站上(www.cet.edu.cn)已公布了总分和各部分的百分位对照表，以供考试成绩使用者了解考生的相对能力水平(点击查看>>>大学英语四、六级考试分数解释)。

4、成绩报道

成绩报道分为总分和单项分。单项分包括：1)听力，2)阅读，3)翻译和写作。每次考试后，考试委员会向总分在220分及以上的考生发放成绩报告单，报告其总分和各部分的单项分。考试委员会同时向参加考试的各个院校提供该校考生的成绩(总分和各部分单项分)和有关该校的各种统计数据。

5、评分标准

1)作文评分标准

本题满分为15分，成绩分为六个档次：13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和0分。各档次的评分标准见下表：

档次

评分标准

13-15分

切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。

10-12分

切题。表达思想清楚，文字较连贯，但有少量语言错误。

7-9分

基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。

4-6分

基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。

1-3分

条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。

0分

未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或作文与主题毫不相关。

2) 翻译评分标准

本题满分为15分，成绩分为六个档次：13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和0分。各档次的评分标准见下表：

档次

评分标准

13-15分

译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。

10-12分

译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。

7-9分

译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。

4-6分

译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确，有相当多的严重语言错误。

1-3分

译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思。

0分

未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。

篇5：大学英语四级考试题型

自12月考次起，全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会将对四、六级考试的试卷结构和测试题型作局部调整。

英语四级考试题型包括四大部分：作文、听力理解、阅读理解、翻译。

大学英语四级和六级的试卷结构、测试内容、测试题型、分值比例和考试时间如下表所示：

题型说明：

1. 单词及词组听写

原复合式听写调整为单词及词组听写，短文长度及难度不变。要求考生在听懂短文的基础上，用所听到的原文填写空缺的单词或词组，共10题。短文播放三遍。

2. 长篇阅读

原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。

3. 翻译

原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字;六级长度为180-200个汉字。

英语四级成绩在550分及以上可以报考口语，CET-SET 考试分三部分：

第一部分是考生和 CET 授权的主考进行交谈，采用问答的形式。时间约 5 分钟。

第二部分包括 1.5 分钟的考生个人发言和 4.5 分钟的小组讨论。时间共约 10 分钟。

第三部分由主考再次提问以进一步确定考生的口头交际能力。时间约 5 分钟。

篇6：大学英语四级新题型模拟训练

一、快速阅读

if it weren’t for nicotine, people wouldn’t smoke tobacco. why? because of the more than 4000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, nicotine is the primary one that acts on the brain, altering people’s moods, appetites and alertness in ways they find pleasant and beneficial. unfortunately, as it is widely known, nicotine has a dark side: it is highly addictive. once smokers become hooked on it, they must get their fix of it regularly, sometimes several dozen times a day. cigarette smoke contains 43 known carcinogens, which means that long-term smoking can amount to a death sentence. in the us alone, 420,000 americans die every year from tobacco-related illnesses.

breaking nicotine addiction is not easy. each year, nearly 35 million people make a concerted effort to quit smoking. sadly, less than 7 percent succeed in abstaining for more than a year; most start smoking again within days. so what is nicotine and how does it insinuate itself into the smoker’s brain and very being?

the nicotine found in tobacco is a potent drug and smokers, and even some scientists, say it offers certain benefits. one is enhance performance. one study found that non-smokers given doses of nicotine typed about 5 percent faster than they did without it. to greater or lesser degrees, users also say nicotine helps them to maintain concentration, reduce anxiety, relieve pain, and even dampen their appetites (thus helping in weight control). unfortunately, nicotine can also produce deleterious effects beyond addiction. at high doses, as are achieved from tobacco products, it can cause high blood pressure, distress in the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems and an increase in susceptibility to seizures and hypothermia.

first isolated as a compound in 1828, in its pure form nicotine is a clear liquid that turns brown when burned and smells like tobacco when exposed to air. it is found in several species of plants, including tobacco and, perhaps surprisingly, in tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplant (though in extremely low quantities that are pharmacologically insignificant for humans).

as simple as it looks, the cigarette is highly engineered nicotine delivery device. for instance, when tobacco researchers found that much of the nicotine in a cigarette wasn’t released when burned but rather remained chemically bound within the tobacco leaf, they began adding substances such as ammonia to cigarette tobacco to release more nicotine. ammonia helps keep nicotine in its basic form, which is more readily vaporised by the intense heat of the burning cigarette than the acidic form. most cigarettes for sale in the us today contain 10 milligrams or more of nicotine. by inhaling smoke from a lighted cigarette, the average smoker takes 1 or 2 milligrams of vaporised nicotine per cigarette. today we know that only a miniscule amount of nicotine is needed to fuel addiction. research shows that manufacturers would have to cut nicotine levels in a typical cigarette by 95% to forestall its power to addict. when a smoker puffs on a lighted cigarette, smoke, including vaporised nicotine, is drawn into the mouth. the skin and lining of the mouth immediately absorb some nicotine, but the remainder flows straight down into the lungs, where it easily diffuses into the blood vessels lining the lung walls. the blood vessels carry the nicotine to the heart, which then pumps it directly to the brain. while most of the effects a smoker seeks occur in the brain, the heart takes a hit as well. studies have shown that a smoker’s first cigarette of the day can increase his or her heart rate by 10 to 20 beats a minute. scientists have found that a smoked substance reaches the brain more quickly than one swallowed, snorted (such as cocaine powder) or even injected. indeed, a nicotine molecule inhaled in smoke will reach the brain within 10 seconds. the nicotine travels through blood vessels, which branch out into capillaries within the brain. capillaries normally carry nutrients but they readily accommodate nicotine molecules as well. once inside the brain, nicotine, like most addictive drugs, triggers the release of chemicals associated with euphoria and pleasure.

just as it moves rapidly from the lungs into the bloodstream, nicotine also easily diffuses through capillary walls. it then migrates to the spaces surrounding neurones – ganglion cells that transmit nerve impulses throughout the nervous system. these impulses are the basis for our thoughts, feelings, and moods. to transmit nerve impulses to its neighbour, a neurone releases chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters. like nicotine molecules, the neurotransmitters drift into the so-called synaptic space between neurones, ready to latch onto the receiving neurone and thus deliver a chemical “message” that triggers an electrical impulse.

the neurotransmitters bind onto receptors on the surface of the recipient neurone. this opens channels in the cell surface through which enter ions, or charged atoms, of sodium. this generates a current across the membrane of the receiving cell, which completes delivery of the “message”. an accomplished mimic, nicotine competes with the neurotransmitters to bind to the receptors. it wins and, like the vanquished chemical, opens ion channels that let sodium ions into the cell. but there’s a lot more nicotine around than the original transmitter, so a much larger current spreads across the membrane. this bigger current causes increased electrical impulses to travel along certain neurones. with repeated smoking, the neurones adapt to this increased electrical activity, and the smoker becomes dependent on the nicotine.

questions 1 – 7

1. although nicotine is probably the well-known chemical in cigarettes, it is not necessarily the one that changes the psyche of the smoker when cigarettes are smoked.

2. in spite of the difficulties, according to the text more than thirty-five million people a year give up smoking.

3. it has been shown that nicotine in cigarettes can improve people’s abilities to perform some actions more quickly.

4. added ammonia in cigarettes allows smokers to inhale more nicotine.

5. snorted substances reach the brain faster than injected substances.

6. nicotine dilates the blood vessels that carry it around the body.

7. nicotine molecules allow greater electrical charges to pass between neurones.

questions 8 - 10

8. cigarette companies would have to cut the nicotine content in cigarettes by _________ to prevent them from being addictive.

9. according to the passage, a cigarette can raise a smoker’s heart rate by _________ a minute.

10. in order to transmit nerve impulses to its neighbour, a neurone sends _________ known as neurotransmitters.

二、长对话

conversation 1

19. (a) two different types of bones in the human body.

(b) how bones help the body move.

(d) the chemical composition of human bones.

20. (a) they defend the bone against viruses.

(b) they prevent oxygen from entering the bone.

(d) they connect the bone to muscle tissue.

21. (a) they have difficulty identifying these cells.

(b) they aren't sure how these cells work.

(d) they've found similar cells in other species.

22. (a) to learn how to prevent a bone disease.

(b) to understand differences between bone tissue and other tissue.

(d) to create artificial bone tissue.

conversation 2

23. (a) a new fuel for buses.

(b) the causes of air pollution.

(d) careers in environmental engineering.

24. (a) her car is being repaired.

(b) she wants to help reduce pollution.

(d) the cost of fuel has increased.

25. (a) a fuel that bums cleanly.

(b) an oil additive that helps cool engines.

(d) an insulating material sprayed on engine parts.

三、选词填空

the biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the 1 computer in business class. in the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 2 that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. the source of this interference 3 unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic device such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones.

rtca, an organization which advises the aviation（航空）industry, has recommended that all airlines ban（禁止）such devices from being used during “ 4 ” stages of flight, 5 take-off and landing. some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. and although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are 6 to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.

the difficulty is 7 how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircraft’s computers. experts know that portable device emit radiation which 8 those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. but, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not.

the fact that aircraft may be vulnerable（易受损的）to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio systems in order to damage navigation 9 . as worrying, though, is the passenger who can’t hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the music’s too 10 .

a) definite

b) incidents

c) effects

d) remains

e) critical

f) particularly

g) reluctant

h) refreshing

i) portable

j) enormous

k) predicting

l) liberal

m) affects

n) equipment

o) loud

四、改错

most people work to earn a living and they

produce goods and services. goods are either

agricultural (like maize) or manufactured (like

cars). services are such things like education, 1._________

medicine, and commerce. these people provide 2.__________

goods; some provide services. other people provide

both goods or services. for example, in the same 3.__________

garage a man may buy a car or some service which

helps him maintain his car.

the work people do is called as economic 4.__________

activity. all economic activities taken together make

up the economic system of a town, a city, a country,

or the world. such economic system is the sum-total 5.__________

of what people do and what they want. the work

people do either provides what they need or provides

the money with that they can buy essential 6.__________

commodities. of course, most people hope to have

enough money to buy commodities and services which

are essential but which provide some particular 7. __________

personal satisfaction, such as toys for children, visits 8. __________

the cinema, and books.

the science of economics is basic upon the facts 9. __________

of our everyday lives. economists study our everyday

lives and the general life of our communities in order

to understand the whole economic system of which we

are a part. they try to describe the facts of the

economy in which we live, and to explain how it

works. the economist methods should of course be 10. __________

strictly objective and scientific.

五、短问

in 1749, benjamin franklin wrote “proposals relating to the education of youth in pennsylvania”. this article served as a basis for the academy that he founded. the academy was a private secondary school, which offered a practical curriculum that included a variety of subjects and useful skills. english grammar, classic, composition, rhetoric(修辞学), and public speaking were to be the chief language studies rather than latin and greek. students could also choose a second language based on their vocational interests. for example, prospective clergyman might study latin and greek; physicians could choose latin, greek, and french; businessmen might elect french, german, and spanish. mathematics was to be taught for its practical application to book-keeping rather than as an abstract intellectual exercise. history would be the chief ethical(伦理的) study. by studying biographies of great men, students were to learn moral and ethical principles. franklin’s curricular proposal was especially noteworthy because it brought many practical skills into the formal school that so far had been ignored. they included carpentry, ship-building, engraving, printing, painting, cabinetmaking, farming, and carving. with a prophetic(先知的) insight into the course of civilization and education, franklin suggested that special attention be given to science, invention, and technology.

by the mid-nineteenth century, there were many academies functioning throughout the nation, especially at the secondary level. these academies offered a wide variety of curricula and courses, ranging from traditional latin and greek to very practical and utilitarian(实用的) studies. the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries saw the emergence of high school and the junior high or middle school, which incorporated utilitarianism, vocationalism, and commercialism, such as franklin had recommended in his proposals of the mid-eighteenth century.

questions:

1. why did franklin write “proposals relating to the education of youth in pennsylvania”?

________________________________________________________

2. what did the chief language studies exclude?

_______________________________________________________

3. what was the main purpose of the ethical study?

_______________________________________________________

4. which word in the first paragraph could be used to describe the curriculum offered at the academy?

_______________________________________________________

5. what did the formal school overlook?

_______________________________________________________

六、翻译

1. a lot of people nowadays have muscular problems in the neck, the shoulders and the back _______________________________________(主要是由于工作中的压力和紧张造成的).

2. more than 3 million children have health insurance now, and ___________________________ (超过250万的家庭已经摆脱贫困).

3. _____________________________________________ (除主席之外的所有董事会成员都投票赞成我的建议)to set up a branch office in the suburbs.

4. the emergence of e-commerce and the fast-growing internet economy are ________________ (为中国的国内外贸易提供了新的增长机遇).

5. the population of elderly people is increasing rapidly because people are living longer than before._____________________________________________(发达国家尤为如此).

参考答案

一、快速阅读

1. n

2. n

3. y

4. y

5. ng

6. ng

7. y

8. 95%

9. 10-20 beats

10. chemical messengers

二、长对话

conversation 1

答案：ccba

原文：

w: ok, last night you were supposed to read an article about human bones. are there any comments about it?

m: well, to begin with, i was surprised to find out there was so much going on in bones. i always assumed they were pretty lifeless.

w: well, that’s an assumption many people make. but the fact is bones are made of dynamic living tissue that requires continuous maintenance and repair.

m: right. that’s one of the things i found so fascinating about the article the way the bones repair themselves.

w: ok. so can you tell us how the bones repair themselves?

m: sure. see, there are two groups of different types of specialized cells in the bone that work together to do it. the first group goes to an area of the bone that needs repair. this group of cells produce the chemical that actually breaks down the bone tissue, and leaves a hole in it. after that the second group of specialized cells comes and produces the new tissue that fills in the hole that was made by the first group.

w: very good. this is a very complex process. in fact, the scientists who study human bones don’t completely understand it yet. they are still trying to find out how it all actually works. specifically, because sometimes after the first group of cells leaves a hole in the bone tissue, for some reason, the second group doesn’t completely fill in the hole. and this can cause real problems. it can actually lead to a disease in which the bone becomes weak and is easily broken.

m: ok, i get it. so if the scientists can figure out what makes the specialized cells work, maybe they can find a way to make sure the second group of cells completely fills the hole in the bone tissue every time. that’ll prevent the disease from ever occurring.

19. what is the discussion mainly about?

20. what is the function of the first group of specialized cells discussed in the talk?

21. what does the professor say about scientists who study the specialized cells in human bones?

22.according to the student, what is one important purpose of studying specialized cells in human bones?

conversation 2

答案：cbd

原文：

m: hi diana, mind if i sit down?

w: not at all, jerry. how have you been?

m: good. but i’m surprised to see you on the city bus. your car in the shop?

w: no. i’ve just been thinking a lot about the environment lately. so i decided the air will be a lot cleaner if we all use public transportation when we could.

m: i’m sure you are right. the diesel bus isn’t exactly pollution free.

w: true. they’ll be running a lot cleaner soon. we were just talking about that in my environmental engineering class.

m: what could the city do? install pollution filters in all their buses?

w: they could, but those filters make the engines work harder and really cut down on the fuel efficiency. instead they found a way to make their engines more efficient.

m: how?

w: well, there is a material that’s a really good insulator. and a thin coat of it gets sprayed on the certain part of the engine.

m: an insulator?

w: yeah. what it does is reflect back the heat of burning fuel. so the fuel will burn much hotter and burn up more completely.

m: so a lot less unburned fuel comes out to pollute the air.

w: and the bus will need less fuel. so with the saving on fuel cost, they say this will all pay for itself in just six months.

m: sounds like people should all go out and get some this stuff to spray their car engines.

w: well, it’s not really that easy. you see, normally, the materials are fine powder. to melt it so you can spray a coat of it on the engine parts, you first have to heat it over 10000 degrees and then, well, you get the idea. it’s not something you or i will be able to do ourselves.

23. what is the conversation mainly about?

24. why did the woman decide to ride the city bus?

25. what is the new material?

三、选词填空

1. i) 2. b) 3. d) 4. e) 5. f) 6. g) 7. k) 8. m) 9. n) 10. o)

四、改错

1. like → as

2. those → some

3. or → and

4. called as→ call

5. such → such an

6. that → which