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- 目录
篇1：托福阅读之5大题型最佳方案
托福阅读之5大题型最佳方案
托福阅读中的主旨题。主旨题有三种：A、作者的意图;B、文章标题;C、文章的中心思想。这种题一般为第一道题，所以这道托福阅读题的解题技巧就是放在最后做，因为做其他题时，考生会逐步了解文章的各个细节，在做题的过程中就会对文章个总的理解，最后处理主旨题可谓水到渠成、万无一失。
托福阅读中的列举题。列举题有两种：A、一正三误;B、三正误。也可分为四类。第一类：一句话列举。根据某个选项的语言提示，回归托福阅读文章找到一句话，这句话包含三个选项的内容;第二类：局部列举。根据题意，回归文章发现连续两三句话涉及三个选项的内容;第三类：段落列举。题干语言在某自然段首句重现。这个句子为段落主题句，即三个选项的内容在这段出现，不涉及到其他段落;第四类：文章列举。选项内容涉及整个文章。一句话列举题和段落列举题有明显的信号词帮助答题，根据题序做题，不必区别对待。文章列举题和局部列举题则应放其他题做完之后再处理。
托福阅读中的文章结论题。文章结论题即根据文章可以推断出下面哪个选项结论是正确的，题干没有任何语言信号词。这种题有以下几种布局：为文章第一道题时，相当于文章主旨题，应放在最后一道题时，有可能针对文章最后部分，也有可能针对整篇文章，但不大可能涉及文章其他部分的细节。所以文章结论题的解题技巧应该具体情况具体分析，并不一定是面对整个文章。
托福阅读中的作者态度题。作者态度题分为两种：A、局部作者态度题;B、整体作者态度题。文章最后一道题问及作者态度时为整体作者态度题，它涉及通篇托福阅读文章，要根据整个文章数个语言点串起来的一根主线答题，也就是作者行文的口气。这种题的托福阅读题的解题技巧是考生千万不可以根据某一个语言点答题，因为整体作者态度题不是考核某一个点，而是考整体感觉。局部作者态度题位置比较灵活，往往问及作者对文章中某一个具体内容的看法，题干通常信号请将考生带回文章某一区域，考查考生对某个语言点的理解。有时候，某个选项从作者的表达相悖，因此，做作者态度题时，考生一定注意不要把自己作为读者的分析、观点强加于作者。
托福阅读中的文章推断预测题。文章结构题三种：A、文章前面的段落内容是什么?B、文章下面接着将要讲什么?C、文章组织结构是什么?推断文章前面的内容立足于文章首句，因为文章首句承上启下，尤其注意首句中诸如this、so、other than之类的结构词。预测下文的内容则分两步走：第一、读文章每段首句，文章每段首句表示文章内容的逻辑走向。如果文章讲述某一事物的两个阶段或方面，下文将介绍这一事物的第三个阶段或方面。所以我们把预测下文内容的题称之为坐标题，即竖看文章每段首句，横看文章最后一句，其他句子是文章所讲内容，而不是下面将要讲的内容，往往选项干扰来自文章所讲内容。至于文章的组织结构题，只需要读文章每段首句即可，因为这些句子是文章框架。
托福阅读背景素材之月球村
Head of the European Space Agency, Johann-Dietrich Woerner has revealed ideas for an international ‘MoonVillage'that combines the capabilities of space-faring nations around the world.
欧洲航天局(ESA)的负责人约翰-迪特里希?韦尔纳已经公布了国际“月球村”的想法，这个计划将联合全世界航天水平先进的国家的力量。
This settlement - which could be available by 2030 - would be built using natural resources from the lunar surface to create a permanent base for the purpose of science, business, and even tourism.
这个开拓地——有可能在2030年前可供使用——将利用来自月球表面的自然资源进行建设，为科学、商业甚至是旅游业提供永久性的基地。
Woerner describes the proposed Moon Village in a recent video released by the Esa.
韦尔纳在欧洲航天局最近发布的一段视频中描述了这个提议中的“月球村”。
The expert recommends settlement at the poles or in areas of constant daylight on the farside of the moon.
这位专家建议将“月球村”建设在月球两极，或建设在月球远端能够长期暴露于日光下的区域。
At the South Pole, in a region of continuous darkness, humans could access water toproduce hydrogen and oxygen.
月球南极是一个持续黑暗的区域，在这里，人类能够接触到水，以生产氢和氧。
And in the shadow of the moon, he explains, settlers would be protected from incomingcosmic and solar radiation.
他解释称，在月球的阴影里，开拓者们将免于受到宇宙和太阳辐射的伤害。
The Moon Village idea aims to be a versatile facility that opens the door for deeper spaceexploration, while also acting as a hub for business or mining.
“月球村”的目的是建立一个多种用途的设施，为进行更深入的太空探索创造条件，同时还能用作一个商业或采矿的中心。
And, the expert says it could be used recreationally for tourists.
此外，这位专家称，这里可以被用作游客们的游憩场所。
While many nations – in particular the US – have their sights set on the journey to Mars, Woerner says a Moon Village is a closer reality.
虽然很多国家——尤其是美国——把目标定在火星之旅上，但韦尔纳称，“月球村”是一种更加贴近现实的做法。
The ESA Director General says the Moon Village would join American, Russian, Chinese, Indian, and Japanese space agencies, along with smaller contributions from other countries.
这位欧洲航天局负责人称，“月球村”将联合美国、俄罗斯、中国、印度和日本的航空机构，其他一些国家也将贡献自己的微薄之力。
托福阅读真题原题+题目
Composers today use a wider variety of sounds than ever before, including many that were once considered undesirable noises. Composer Edgard Varèse(1 883-1965) called thus the liberation of sound...the right to make music with any and all sounds. Electronic music, for example — made with the aid of computers, synthesizers, and electronic instruments — may include sounds that in the past would not have been considered musical. Environmental sounds, such as thunder, and electronically generated hisses and blips can be recorded, manipulated, and then incorporated into a musical composition. But composers also draw novel sounds from voices and nonelectronic instruments. Singers may be asked to scream, laugh, groan, sneeze, or to sing phonetic sounds rather than words. Wind and string players may lap or scrape their instruments. A brass or woodwind player may hum while playing, to produce two pitches at once; a pianist may reach inside the piano to pluck a string and then run a metal blade along it. In the music of the Western world, the greatest expansion and experimentation have involved percussion instruments, which outnumber strings and winds in many recent compositions. Traditional percussion instruments are struck with new types of beaters; and instruments that used to be couriered unconventional in Western music — tom-toms, bongos, slapsticks, maracas—are widely used.
In the search for novel sounds, increased use has been made in Western music of microtones. Non-western music typically divides and interval between two pitches more finely than western music does, thereby producing a greater number of distinct tones, or microtones, within the same interval. Composers such as Krzysztof Penderecki create sound that borders on electronic noise through tone clusters — closely spaced tones played together and heard as a mass, block, or band of sound. The directional aspect of sound has taken on new importance as well. Loudspeakers or groups of instruments may be placed at opposite ends of the stage, in the balcony, or at the back and sides of the auditorium.
Because standard music notation makes no provision for many of these innovations, recent music scores may contain graphlike diagrams, new note shapes and symbols, and novel ways of arranging notation on the page.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The use of nontraditional sounds in contemporary music
(B) How sounds are produced electronically
(C) How standard musical notation has been adapted for nontraditional sounds
(D) Several composers who have experimented with the electronic production of sound
2. The word wider in one 1 is closest in meaning to more impressive
(A) more distinctive
(B) more controversial
(C) more extensive
(D) more impressive
3. The passage suggests that Edgard Var è se is an example of a composer who
(A) criticized electronic music as too noiselike
(B) modified sonic of the electronic instruments he used in his music
(C) believed that any sound could be used in music
(D) wrote music with environmental themes
4. The word it in line 12 refers to
(A) piano
(B) string
(C) blade
(D) music
5. According to the passage , which of the following types of instruments has played a role in
much of the innovation in western music?
(A) string
(B) percussion
(C) woodwind
(D) brass
6. The word thereby in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) in return for
(B) in spite of
(C) by the way
(D) by that means
7. According to the passage , Krzysztof Penderecki is known for which of the following practices?
(A) Using tones that are clumped together
(B) Combining traditional and nontradinonal instruments
(C) Seating musicians in unusual areas of an auditorium
(D) Playing Western music for non-Western audiences
8. According to the passage , which of the following would be considered traditional elements of
Western music?
(A) microtones
(B) tom-toms and bongos
(C) pianos
(D) hisses
9. In paragraph 3, the author mentions diagrams as an example of a new way to
(A) chart the history of innovation in musical notation
(B) explain the logic of standard musical notation
(C) design and develop electronic instruments
(D) indicate how particular sounds should be produced
PASSAGE 54 ACCBB DACD
托福
篇2：托福阅读高频易扣分5大题型应对技巧
托福阅读高频易扣分5大题型应对技巧汇总分享
托福阅读主旨题怎么做?
托福阅读主旨题有三种：A、作者的意图;B、文章标题;C、文章的中央头脑。这种题一样通常为第一道题，发起托福考生把这道题放在末了做，由于做其他题时，托福考生会渐渐了解文章的各个细节，在做题的历程中就会对文章个总的明白，末了处置处罚托福阅读主旨题可谓迎刃而解、十拿九稳。
托福阅读事实/否定事实信息题解题思路
托福阅读枚举题有两种：A、一正三误;B、三正误。也可分为四类。第一类：一句话枚举。凭据某个选项的语言提示，回归文章找到一句话，这句话包罗三个选项的内容;第二类：局部枚举。凭据题意，回归文章发明一连两三句话涉及三个选项的内容;第三类：段落枚举。题干语言在某天然段首句重现。这个句子为段落主题句，即三个选项的内容在这段出现，不涉及到其他段落;第四类：文章枚举。选项内容涉及整个文章。一句话托福阅读枚举题和段落托福阅读枚举题有明显的信号词资助答题，凭据题序做题，不必区别看待。文章托福阅读枚举题和局部托福阅读枚举题则应放其他题做完之后再处置处罚。
托福阅读文章结论题解题技巧
托福阅读文章结论题即凭据文章可以推测出下面哪个选项结论是准确的，题干没有任何语言信号词。这种题有以下几种布局：为文章第一道题时，相称于文章托福阅读主旨题，应放在末了一道题时，有大概针对文章末了部门，也有大概针对整篇文章，但不大大概涉及文章其他部门的细节。以是托福阅读文章结论题应该详细环境详细阐发，并不愿定是面临整个文章。
托福阅读作者态度题如何应对?
托福阅读作者态度题分为两种：A、局部托福阅读作者态度题;B、团体托福阅读作者态度题。文章末了一道题目及作者态度时为团体托福阅读作者态度题，它涉及通篇文章，要凭据整个文章数个语言点串起来的一根主线答题，也便是作者行文的口吻。托福考生万万不行以凭据某一个语言点答题，由于团体托福阅读作者态度题不是稽核某一个点，而是考团体觉得。局部托福阅读作者态度题位置比力机动，每每问及作者对文章中某一个详细内容的见解，题干通常信号请将托福考生带回文章某一地区，考察托福考生对某个语言点的明白。偶然候，某个选项从作者的表达相悖，因此，造托福阅读作者态度题时，托福考生肯定细致不要把本身作为读者的阐发、看法强加于作者。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：甘薯的来源考据
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
As Patrick Kirch, an American anthropologist, points out, rather than being brought by rafting South Americans, sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back by returning Polynesian navigators who could have reached the west coast of South America.
词汇讲解：
anthropologist /?nθr?'p?l?d??st/ n. 人类学家
rather than prep. 而不是
raft /rɑ?ft/ n. 筏 v. 用筏子载运(人或货物)
navigator /'n?v?ge?t?/ n. 航行者，航海者;领航员，导航员;导航仪
结构划分：
As Patrick Kirch, (an American anthropologist), points out, (rather than being brought by rafting South Americans), sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back (by returning Polynesian navigators) (who could have reached the west coast of South America.)
深度分析：
修饰一：(an American anthropologist)，同位语，修饰Patrick Kirch
中文：美国人类学家
修饰二：(rather than being brought byrafting South Americans)，介词短语，rather than是托福阅读里一个高频短语，大家记住它是一个介词，表示“而不是”
中文：不是南美人用筏运来的
修饰三：(by returning Polynesiannavigators)，介词短语，修饰bringback
中文：玻利尼西亚返航者
修饰四：(who could have reached the westcoast of South America. ) ，从句，修饰navigators
中文：已经去过南美西海岸
主干：swee官方真题Officialtatoes might just have easily been brought back
参考翻译：
正如美国人类学家Patrick Kirch所指出的，甘薯并不是南美人用筏运来的，而是通过已经去过南美西海岸的玻利尼西亚返航者很方便就带来了。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：不同朝代的陶瓷制品
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
Ceramic products also include lead-glazed tomb models of the Han dynasty, three-colorlead-glazed vessels and figure s of the Tang dynasty, and Ming three-color temple ornaments, in which the motifs were outlined in a raised trail of slip——as well as the many burial ceramics produced in imitation of vessels made in materials of higher intrinsic value.
词汇讲解：
ceramic /s?'r?m?k/ adj. 陶瓷的，陶器的
glazed /glezd/ adj.(陶器)上釉的;(目光)木然的，呆滞的，无神采的;(门、窗)装有玻璃的
vessel /'v?sl/ n. 船(尤指大船); 舰;容器, 器皿;管状结构(血管、导管)
ornament /'?rn?m?nt/ n. 装饰，点缀;装饰物，点缀品
motif /m??'ti?f/ n. 装饰的图案或式样;主题
outline vt. 概述，概括;画出或标出(某物)的轮廓﹑ 外形
raised adj. 有凸起花纹 (或图案) 的，浮雕的
slip n. 泥釉(涂於陶器上作表层或图样的)
intrinsic /?n'tr?ns?k/ adj. (指价值或性质)固有的, 内在的, 本质的
结构划分：
Ceramic products also include lead-glazed tomb models of the Han dynasty, three-colorlead-glazed vessels and figures of the Tang dynasty, and Ming three-color temple ornaments, (in which the motifs were outlined in a raised trail of slip)—as well as the many burial ceramics (produced in imitation of vessels) (made in materials of higher intrinsic value.)
深度分析：
修饰一：(in which the motifs were outlinedin a raised trail of slip) ，从句，修饰前面三种陶瓷，这个从句所包含的细节是很难理解的，大家可以看看上面列出的词汇就知道。忽略那些学术细节。
中文：他们的主题是用浮雕泥釉的线条凸显出来的
修饰二：(produced in imitation of vessels) ，非谓语动词，修饰the many burial ceramics
中文：这些陪葬陶瓷是模仿容器制成的
修饰三：(made in materials of higherintrinsic value.)，非谓语动词，修饰vessels
中文：这些容器是由更高内在价值材料制成的
参考翻译：
陶瓷产品也包括汉朝的铅釉坟墓模型、唐朝的三色铅釉容器和人物、明朝三色寺庙装饰(他们的主题是用浮雕泥釉的线条凸显出来的)以及许多陪葬陶瓷(这些陪葬陶瓷是模仿由更高内在价值材料制成的容器)。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：全球温度变化差异
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
While these records provide broadly consistent indications that temperature variations can occur on a global scale, there are nonetheless some intriguing differences,which suggest that the pattern of temperature variations in regional climatescan also differ significantly from each other.
词汇讲解：
consistent /k?n's?st?nt/ adj. 一贯的, 前後一致的
intriguing /?n?tri:g??/ adj. 有趣的，激起好奇心的
结构划分：
(While these records provide broadly consistent indications that temperature variations can occur on a global scale), there are nonetheless some intriguing differences, (which suggest) (that the pattern of temperature variations in regional climates can also differ significantly from each other).
深度分析：
修饰一：(While these records provide broadly consistent indications that temperature variations can occur on a global scale)，从句，注意里面还有一个同位语从句 (that temperature variations can occur on a global scale)表示indication的内容
中文：虽然这些记录提供了广泛一致的迹象表明温度变化能在全球范围内发生
修饰二：(which suggest) ，从句，修饰前面的differences
中文：这些差异表明
修饰三：(that the pattern of temperature variations in regional climates can also differ significantly from each other) ，从句，注意这个从句里还有很多介词结构，the pattern (of temperature variations )(in regional climates) can also differ significantly (from each other).
(of temperature variations ) (in regional climates) ，在区域气候的温度变化
中文：在区域气候温度变化的模式彼此之间差异很大
主干：there arenonetheless some intriguing differences
参考翻译：
虽然这些记录提供了广泛一致的迹象表明温度变化能在全球范围内发生，但是会有一些有趣的差异，这些差异表明在区域气候温度变化的模式彼此之间差异很大。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：物理化学性质的沉淀
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
Over long periods of time, substance s whose physical and chemical properties change with the ambient climate at the time can be deposit ed in a systematic way to provide a continuous record of changes in those properties overtime, sometimes for hundreds or thousands of years.
词汇讲解：
property /'pr?p?t?/ n. 财产，资产;特质，性质;
ambient /'?mb??nt/ adj. (指空气等)环绕四周的, 周围的
结构划分：
(Over long periods of time), substances (whose physical and chemical properties change with the ambient climate at the time) can be deposited(in a systematic way)(to provide a continuous record)(of changes in those properties overtime), (sometimes for hundreds or thousands of years).
深度分析：
修饰一：(Over long periods of time)，介词短语
中文：经过很长一段时间
修饰二：(whose physical and chemical properties change with the ambient climate at the time) ，从句，修饰substances，大家一定要注意这里的substances和can be别从句隔开了，一定要注意主谓被从句或其它修饰隔开的情况
中文：物理和化学性质随着当时周围气候变化
修饰三：(in a systematic way) ，介词短语
中文：以一种系统的方式
修饰四：(to provide a continuous record) ，非谓语动词
中文：提供了连续记录
修饰五：(of changes in those properties overtime)，介词短语
中文：这段时间的这些特征变化
修饰六：(sometimes for hundreds or thousands of years) ，介词短语
中文：这有时会是几百年或几千年
主干：substancescan be deposited
参考翻译：
经过很长一段时间，物理和化学性质随着当时周围气候变化的物质会以一种系统的方式沉淀，这提供了这些(物理和化学)性质在此段时间内变化的连续记录，这有时会是几百年或几千年。
篇3：托福阅读5大重点题型错误干扰选项判断技巧
主旨总结题中，选项为细节信息或者是支持性论述，而非主要观点。
考生们在做此类题型时注意：该题主要考察考生对文章主要观点及相对重要信息的理解和辨识能力，因此正确的答案综合了文章的各个观点，所以不会与文章中的任何一句话完全相符;欲选出正确答案考生需要在通篇文章中查找，并且在头脑中形成文章的一个整体框架结构，并且记清楚文章主要观点和其他重要信息。
篇4：托福阅读5大重点题型错误干扰选项判断技巧
推论类问题中，选项重复原文信息，也就是选项为原文直接清楚表述的内容，这样的选项也容易误导考生。
注意在解答此类问题时，不仅要理解作者所写出的句子的字面意思，还必须搞清楚这些句子之间的逻辑性暗示。正确答案一定是从原文中已经给出的内容推论出来的。
篇5：托福阅读5大重点题型错误干扰选项判断技巧
句子简化题中，有的选项内容和原文相符，但忽略了原文重要信息，这样的选项最容易误导考生。
在做题时要仔细研读文章中所标识的句子，根据标点和关联词，把句子按照义群，拆分为几个部分，学会长句短读，迅速找出句子的主句，也就是主谓宾或者主系表。
篇6：托福阅读5大重点题型错误干扰选项判断技巧
直接事实题中，有的选项重复文章中的信息，但并没有回答问题。这样的选项最容易迷惑考生。
考生们最好在做直接事实题时直接排除那些本身就矛盾的选项，同时千万不要因为某个选项内容在文章中出现过就选择该选项，一定要回答问题。
篇7：托福阅读5大重点题型错误干扰选项判断技巧
修辞目的题中，选项中出现的是例子，即作者说了什么，但这种题考查的是作者为什么这样说。
考生们在做题时注意字眼definition, example, to illustrate, to explain, to criticize 等。
托福阅读备考之常考话题汇总
1. 人：学术性的托福阅读常考的就是各种科学家，以ist和er结尾居多。
例如：anthropologist，archaeologist，paleontologist，zoologist，geogrAPher，astronomer
(人类学家，考古学家，古生物学家，动物学家，地理学家，天文学家)
这类的词汇大家无需记住拼写，只要在阅读中出现可以辨认就足以。在面对未知的专有名词时，至少要判断他们存在于那个学科，才好进行下一步的推理。
2. 地质、地貌：这类文章在托福学术阅读中比重很大。建议大家对其中的托福阅读常考词汇进行积累。
例如：volcano，layer，conglomerate，karst，porous，permeable，meteorolite，asteroid
火山，(地)层，砾岩，喀斯特地貌(石灰岩的一种地形)，多孔的(有透气性与透水性)，可渗透的，陨石，小行星
3. 气候、动物与生态：与生物和地球有关的托福阅读话题是托福阅读常考的。
例如：unpredictable，vary，range
from，extinction，endangered，tropical，jungle，equatorial
不可预测的，改变(动词)，变化幅度(动词)，灭绝，濒危的，热带的，丛林，赤道附近的
4. 历史、考古，这类托福阅读话题是托福阅读常考对象，也要加以注意。
尤其是历史文章的考法不是单纯的讲古，而是从各个层面切入，有很多的表现形式。可能是古人类的迁徙，那就是人类历史。贸易和交通运输的发展，那就是经济史，等等。
例如，relics，remains，mausoleum，handicraft，cohesiveness，territorial，civilization
遗迹，遗迹或残骸，陵墓，手工艺品，凝聚性，领土的，文明
托福阅读之推理题备考方法
一、推理题的标志
推理题的题干中一般含有infer, imply, most likely, least likely, probably等词，分为有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题两大类。
二、推理题的做法
对于无共性的推理题，也就是题干中无线索的，一般使用排除法，即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位，通过排除法得出正确答案。
对于有共性的推理题，也就是题干中有线索的，建议考生可以先圈定题干中的关键词，根据关键词回原文定位，然后进行推理。推理题主要有下列思路：
1. 一般对比推理
ETS设计推理题的手段不多，根据两个事物的对比特征出题是其中之一。问其中一个事物的特征时，只要将与之形成对比的另一个事物的特征否定掉就可以了。
例如：
It should be obvious that cetaceans, whales, porpoises, and dolphins are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?
A. It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.
B. There were great numbers of them.
C. They lived in the sea only.
D. They did not leave many fossil remains.
2. 时间对比推理
这种思路常被考到。在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。
例：
Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country’s impressive population growth….
…It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution.
It can be inferred from the passage that before the Industrial Revolution
(A) families were larger.
(B) population statistics were unreliable.
(C) the population grew steadily.
(D) economic conditions were bad.
3.集合概念推理
集合概念推理也可以称之为百分比推断，它指的是在一个集合中，包含两个相对的方面，共同构成一个大的集合。一方所占的比例减少意味着另一方所占比例的增加;反之，一方所占的比例增加意味着另一方所占比例的减少。根据这一思路，可以由集合中一方的数量变化推断另一方的消减。
例：
A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race, with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. …Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada….
By contrast, a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group, often highly individualistic and constantly changing.
What does the author imply about the United States and Canada?
(A) They value folk cultures.
(B) They have no social classes.
(C) They have popular cultures.
(D) They do not value individualism.
篇8：托福阅读题型之细节题解题技法
细节题是托福阅读考试中可能占到最大比重的一种托福阅读题型题型，托福阅读考试一般是每篇文章12-14道题，如果一篇文章中出现了6道细节题，这个比例还是非常引人注目的。而且细节题可以说是能屈能伸的一种题型，就是说，它要容易，可以很容易，它要想难，可以非常难。所以考生复习到后期，进行错题统计的时候会发现，错的最多的竟然还是细节题，非常令人纠结!所以做阅读还是要攻克细节题。那么托福阅读细节题怎样攻克?希望接下来的内容能够给大家的托福考试备考带来一些帮助!
细节题从考查能力的角度上来说，主要考查的是提取关键词和在文章中定位有用解题信息的能力。细节题的问题一般就是纯粹的事实层面上的问题，主要问作者说了什么? 哪些信息是真的? 解题的时候，80%左右的细节题都只需要阅读文章中一两个关键的句子就足够解题了。所以我们要根据题干中提供的关键词，回到原文中精准地找到解题的关键句子。
篇9：托福阅读题型之细节题解题技法
一、找关键词
在托福阅读题目中找关键词，是解题的第一步。可是，关键词怎么找?什么样的词才能作为关键词?很多同学会这样回答：这还不简单!比较级和最高级，数字，大写。没错，这些都是我们常见的定位词。那么，用这样的方法，我们看看怎么来定位下面这道题。这是TPO28第一篇文章underground water中的第八题：
Q8 According to paragraph 2, what is the relationship between permeability and porosity?
A. The more pores a rock has, the higher its porosity but the lower its permeability
B. Rocks with many internal spaces that are not connected with each other will have high porosity but low permeability.
C. If water flows through a rock easily, it has permeability but low porosity.
D. Rocks that have high permeability have high porosity and vice versa.
这道题既没有大写，也没有时间，更没有比较级。看到这个题，许多学生就傻眼了，这该怎么去定位?定位词不仅仅是指我们之前所学过的，大写，比较级，还应该包括名词，形容词，动词等等，这些词都可以帮助我们来定位。因此，在这道题中，我们可以用relationship，permeability，和porosity来定位。为什么用这几个词来定位?因为题目问的是relationship。是谁的relationship?就是permeability和porosity之间的关系。
二、找关键词所在的句子
根据第一个步骤我们找到了相应的关键词，接下来该怎么做呢?有很多同学会说，回文章找呗。好，那我们回到相对应的文章中，来找一下关键词所在的句子。
Groundwater is stored in a variety of rock types. A groundwater reservoir from which water can be extracted is called an aquifer. We can effectively think of an aquifer as a deposit of water. Extraction of water depends on two properties of the aquifer: porosity, and permeability. Between sediment grains are spaces that can be filled with water. This pore space is known as porosity and is expressed as a percentage of the total rock volume. Porosity is important for water-storage capacity, but for water to flow through rocks, the pore spaces must be connected. The ability of water, or other fluids, to flow through the interconnected pore spaces in rocks is termed permeability. Fractures and joints have very high permeability. In the intergranular spaces of rocks, however, fluid must flow around and between grains in a tortuous path; this winding path causes a resistance to flow. The rate at which the flowing water overcomes this resistance is related to the permeability of rock.
我们来看一这下这段文字。在整段中，我们都没有找到含有 relationship 的句子。这个时候，大家所知道的——读关键词所在的句子——这条方式就行不通了。此时就需要大家先找出含有porosity 的句子：his pore space is known as porosity and is expressed as a percentage of the total rock volume，从这个句子中，我们可以知道，porosity 指的是岩石储藏水的能力。然后，我们再来找到含有permeability 的句子：The ability of water, or other fluids, to flow through the interconnected pore spaces in rocks is termed permeability，也就是说岩石的小孔连接起来，让水留过，这就是渗透性，也就是permeability。那么此时，我们再来理清楚二者的关系：岩石的储水能力，就是多孔性;岩石的小孔相联系，水能够流过，这就是渗透性。
三、运用排除法
读懂了关键的句子之后，我们再来看ABCD四个选项，如何用排除法来选出正确的答案。
A选项说，岩石的孔越多，多孔性就越高，渗透性越低。原文并没有说，多孔性越高，渗透性就越低。B选项说岩石的孔没有相连，那么就有高的多孔性和低的渗透性。这句话正好体现了原文的内容：多孔性是水的储存能力，小孔相连，水能留过，是渗透性。孔不相联系，那么水留过小孔的能力就自然很低。C是说如果水很容易的留过岩石的孔，就是有渗透性，但是多孔性很低。这个文章也没有说。D选项说岩石有高的渗透性就有高的多孔性，反之亦然。这个原文也没有说。
因此，大家在核对选项的时候，一定要记住，凡是文章中提到的才能够选，文章中没有提到的就不能够选。一定要符合文章。
根据上文中细节，可以给出我们的详细解题步骤，我们在做细节题时应该注意：
(1)找关键词。关键词包括名词，动词，形容词，比较级等等，不能仅仅局限于过去所学的大写，数字等等。
(2)找关键词所在句子。如果文章中没写出明确含有这个关键词的句子，那么我们需要读清楚文章的相关句，找到他们之间内在的逻辑联系。
(3)运用排除法。用排除法的时候一定要注意，要符合文章，文章中没有提到的一定是不能选的。
托福考试阅读细节题出错的三大常见原因
一、不会定位
提及定位，恐怕所有的同学都会说定位非常简单。但是，是不是所有同学都可以准确定位，并且高效地完成阅读中的细节题呢?其实不然，我们来看以下这道出自TPO16套的细节题：
According to paragraph 2, how did Middle Eastern shop owners treat their workers?
有的同学一看到这个题目，第一反应就是用Middle Eastern shop owners去原文定位，很快可以找到本段的第二句话：Production was generally in the hands of skilled individual artisans doing piecework under the tutelage of a master who was also the shop owner.但是，当我们读过这句话之后，发现它并没有回答前面的问题，于是我们开始纠结。在将这句话反反复复看了好几遍却仍然找不到答案之后，我们才开始继续往下看。有些同学甚至为了寻找答案干脆将整段看一遍。但是，如果大家一开始在定位的时候，用的是shop owner, treat,和workers来定位，大家就很容易就知道这道题是在问shop owner和workers之间的关系，在读原文第二句话时很快就能发现这句话并没有提到任何与关系相关的单词。于是往下寻找和关系有关的词或者句子。我们很快便会看到后面有一个In these shops differences of rank were blurred，也就是说在这些shop里等级区别模糊了。这不正是说明了owner和worker之间的这种等级关系么?因此，不难确定，这句话才是我们要找的答案。
二、纠结选项
在选项上纠结的这类同学，在对文章的定位上一般不存在问题。他们的问题是，在找到原文之后，却觉得几个选项在文章中都出现过，于是一遍遍地再来读文章。这样做既费时费力，又不一定能对。
对于这些同学，新东方在线托福教研中心老师提醒大家，你们需要谨记的就是“符合原文”四个大字。
例如TPO2中的一道题，假定通过定位我们已经找到了原文中答案所在的句子：the presence of a fluke1 and blowhole2 cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals.这道题对应有两个选项：
A It clearly indicates that cetaceans are mammals.
B It cannot conceal the fact that cetaceans are mammals.
这时爱纠结的同学们又开始纠结了，两个都说cetaceans是mammals，怎么选?亲爱的同学们，你们首先要搞清楚原文到底说的是什么，是说“暗示”还是说“不能掩盖”?如果是说暗示，那就选a，因为a选项清楚的有一个indicate，如果是说不能掩盖，那就选b，因为b选项中有一个cannot conceal。
三、单词量少
单词量少是一个困扰绝大多数考生的问题。对于备考托福的同学来说，攻克单词这个难题，只有一个方法-背!在备考期间大家需要大量地背单词。但是，即使我们很努力的去背了单词，依然会在做题的时候碰到一些我们不认识的单词。这个时候，很多同学就会慌了手脚，不知道怎么办才好。其实，一篇文章对我们造成困难的，不是那些人名、地名和专有名词，而是构成我们要理解的这句话的基本结构。因此，如果碰到一句很长的话，里面有一些生单词，大家不要慌张。只要把这句话的结构弄清楚，你就能读懂这句话的大致意思了。这样，所谓的单词也就不再是你的拦路虎了。我们来看一个TPO1里的句子：
Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.
托福阅读细节题如何确定关键词?
关键词：托福，托福阅读，细节题
考托福的同学都应该知道，托福考试词汇题与细节题占据了托福阅读的半壁江山，看来细节决定成败，这话一点儿也没错。很多同学把细节题做法背得滚瓜烂熟：首先，找题目中的关键词，去定位;其次，读懂关键词在文章中的句子;最后，看选项中哪个选项最符合文章的意思，就选择哪个。我只能说，背得很好，很流利。不过，你做题的时候就凭这几句话能搞定吗??? 找关键词到底怎么找，定位怎么定，你知道吗?
好了，不为难你了。我们就来看一下托福细节题的第一步——找题目中的关键词。
什么样的词才能作为关键词?
很多同学会这样回答：这还不简单! 比较级和最高级，数字，大写。那么，用这样的方法，我们看看怎么来定位下面这道题。这是TPO28第一篇文章underground water中的第八题：
Q8 According to paragraph 2, what is the relationship between permeability and porosity?
A. The more pores a rock has, the higher its porosity but the lower its permeability
B. Rocks with many internal spaces that are not connected with each other will have high porosity but low permeability.
C. If water flows through a rock easily, it has permeability but low porosity.
D. Rocks that have high permeability have high porosity and vice versa.
这道题既没有大写，也没有时间，更没有比较级。看到这个题，许多学生就傻眼了，这该怎么去定位?
我们刚刚提到的大写，比较级，最高级，数字，大写只是能够帮助我们很快定位的一些特殊的单词。而这些特殊的单词并不是每一个题目中都会有。更常见的应该是名词，形容词，动词等等，这些词都可以帮助我们来定位。因此，在这道题中，我们可以用permeability，和porosity来定位。为什么不用relationship来定位呢?题目问的是permeability和porosity的relationship，大家想一想，文章中会不会有一个句子直接告诉我们它们的关系呢?没有那么容易吧!这可是托福阅读好嘛。所以，这种问A和B的关系，不同之处或相似之处的题，我们应该把关键词定为A和B.
OK. 今天就讲这么一个小点，希望大家掌握好。希望下次再见到你。
篇10：新托福阅读题型解析之填表题技巧
这类题型出现的较少，大家也可以了解一下。
OG中明确给出了本类题目计分的原则。分类填表题给出的表一般有2类或者3类组成;有四种情况：2类5正确选项;3类5正确选项;2类7正确选项;3类7正确选项。对于有5个正确选项得题，一共值3分，答对5个得3分，答对4个得2分，答对3个得1分，答对2个或2个以下不得分;对于有7个正确选项的题，共值4分，答对7个得4分，答对6个得3分，答对5个得2分，答对4个得1分，答对3个或3个以下不得分。
这种题，无论是分成2类还是3类，都肯定是文章中明确给出的。而且应该是文章写作的线索，是文章划分结构的依据。都有很明显的结构上的标志，有助于区分开。正确选项，一般都在文中以小列举的形式出现，只要把握了文章结构，选出来并不困难。我认为这种题比较容易。练习几次就能找到窍门，应该好好把握这种肥而不腻的题。
托福阅读题最重要的是找到阅读段的主题句，分析出出题者的意图，然后根据文章关键词进行答题。考生在做托福阅读题的时候需要重视开头段，结尾段和过渡段，在这三
个地方，一般会包含着托福阅读段的真实题义。
托福阅读解题技巧之表格题目
IBT阅读中的表格题是新题型，同时在IBT听力部分也出现了。与听力部分不同的是，IBT阅读部分的表格题既包括了对全文重点内容的发问又包括了对全文主题和结论发问。它们以对比表格和总结表格的形式出现。相对于听力表格题来说，阅读部分的难度系数更大一些。在IBT阅读的3篇文章中有两个此类问题，且通常是文章最后一道题目，为2分。
一、表格题分为两大类：总结表格题和对比表格题。
1、总结表格题
相对而言， 总结表格题的出现频率要高于对比表格题，这是由它们自身特点，出题方式和原文是否具备对比对照关系这三方面的因素决定的。
2、题的出题模式有两种：
一种是针对全文内容出题，答案由全文的主题，细节和重点支持段落的概述三部分组成。另外一种是针对文章中的重点支持性段落出题，答案由这些重点支持性段落主题，段落结论，以及重点支持性例子的概述三部分组成。这里我们重点看第一种出题模式。
我们来看一个例子，
The Atlantic Cod Fishery
Off the northeastern shore of North America, from the island of Newfoundland in Canada south to new England in the United States, there is a series of shallow areas called banks. Several large banks off Newfoundland are together called Grand Banks, huge shoals on the edge of North American continental shelf, where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream meet the cold waters of Labrador Current. As the currents brush each other, they stir up mineral from the ocean floor, providing nutrients for plankton and tiny shrimp-like creatures called krill, which feed on the plankton. Herring and other small fish rise to the surface to eat the krill. Groundfish, such as the Atlantic cod, live in the ocean’s bottom layer, congregating in the shallow waters where they prey on krill and small fish. This rich environment has produced cod by the millions and once had a greater density of cod than anywhere else on Earth.
Beginning in the eleventh century, boats from the ports of north western Europe arrived to fish the Grand Banks. For the next eight centuries, the entire Newfoundland economy taking fish back to European markets. Cod laid out to dry on wooden “flakes” was a common sight in the fishing villages dotting the coast. Settlers in the region used to think the only sea creature worth talking about was cod, and in the local speech the word “fish” became synonymous with cod. Newfoundland’s national dish was a pudding whose main ingredient was cod.
By the nineteenth century, the Newfoundland fishery was largely controlled by merchants based in the capital at St. John’s. They marketed the catch supplied by the fishers working out of more than 600 villages around the long coastline. In return, the merchants provided fishing equipment, clothing, and all the food that could not be grown in the island’s thin, rocky soil. This system kept the fishers in a continuous state of debt and dependence on the merchants.
托福阅读填入表格题出题思路解析
我们在做托福阅读的时候，会碰到这样一种题型：
Directions: Complete the table below by selecting three answer choices that are characteristics of primary groups and two answer choices that are characteristics of secondary groups. This question is worth 3 points.
这种题型ETS称之为填入表格题，别名对号入座题，这类题型大多出现于整体架构有分类或对比的文章中，与文章小结题不会同时出现，属于互斥，但与文章小结题非常类似，都出现在文章的最后一题，题干相对固定，填入表格题不仅考察学生对主体信息与细节信息的区分能力，还考察学生对不同信息分类填入表格的能力。一般是七选五的题目，五个全正确，满分三分，四个正确得两分，三个正确得一分，两个或两个以下，没有分，也就是你全做对了，性价比会很高，就做对两个或一个，浪费了时间还没有分，不如不做，很悲催是吧，很多同学一碰到填入表格题就头疼，觉得找不到地方，信息点又很琐碎，回原文定位时间需求量比较大，所以得到满分的情况不多，那我们有没有什么方法可以缩减做题时间并提升正确率呢?先从出题思路说起。
首先我们先来分析一下填入表格题的题目特点，七选五或五选三，再对号入座，换句话说，必定有两个多余的选项是不能跟给出的表格匹配的，那我们在做题的时候可以先排除掉这两个无关选项，再进行信息匹配，那怎样一眼就可以排除掉呢，看主体，主体一致的保留，不一致的直接排除，举个例子：
Directions: Complete the table below by matching THERE of the five answer choices with the ways advances supported agriculture and the military.
A. They were the first to invent the wheel.
B. The Sumerians were the first to use writing.
C. The stars told when it was time to plant.
D. The wheel was used for carts in battle.
E. Writing kept track of food storage.
Sumerian Civilization
The Sumerians made many advances. They first improved agriculture. They later established a military. The Sumerians are thought to have invented the wheel. It was first used for pottery, which was essential for storing crops. Then it was used for grinding grain. Last, it was then used for farm and military vehicles. Sumerians were the first to use writing and math, even before the Egyptians. This helped them organize their society. These systems were used to keep track of food storage and trade. The military used it to keep track of men, weapons, and supplies. They were the first to study the stars and sun in a serious way. It helped them tell time so they could decide when to plant crops. A way of reading the stars also helped them plan when to attack their enemies. They believed that the state could speak of their success or failure.
解析：先看题目，要求五选三，分别选出支持agriculture和 military，这两个单词大家都不陌生，指农业和军事，那我们选的选项得跟这两方面对应，谨记这一点，我们看选项，A中陈述他们最先发明轮子，没写作用，说跟农业和军事有关吗?无关，排除;B中陈述他们最先使用写作，没写影响，说跟农业和军事有关吗?无关，排除。排除了两个无关选项，下一步就是对号入座了，C中出现了plant，跟农业有关，D中出现了battle，跟军事有关，五选三，农业选二，军事选一，那剩余的E项肯定是跟农业有关的了，而且E中出现了food，符合我们的选择，我们已经完全做对了题目，做题速度大有提高吧，看到这，可能有同学说我们只看几个关键词，那如果有关键词但表述错误怎么办，这样只看关键词选择是不是就不对了，这时要明白的是我们已经把无关选项排除掉了，也就是说剩余的选项必定是相关的，必定也是正确的，这时候我们完全可以根据关键词进行信息匹配，再对号入座就能够做对题目了。
然而，无关选项我们能很快的挑出来，难就难在有时候每个选项好像都是相关，就是不确定对不对，这时候我们没法先排除再对号入座，这时候就考察我们区分主要信息和次要信息的能力了，区分主要还是次要，就要看这个句子需不需要被论证，表格填入题一般出题点在文中出现对比的地方，这就要求我们在阅读文章的时候要抓住哪些是对比之处，即不同点，最能彰显两者不同的特点也就是主要信息了。下面看例题：
Directions: Complete the table below by matching TWO of the five answers choices with the kinds of earthquakes.
A. Both shake like guitar strings.
B. Plates rub together and slip.
C. Plates crack in the middle.
D. Surface plates move.
E. Energy is released in waves.
An earthquake happens when the surface plate of our earth move. Sometimes the plates rub together. These are called interplate quakes. When there is a sudden slip between the plates, energy is released in the form of shock waves. Both plates shake like a guitar string when it is picked. Quakes can also happen when a crack in the middle of a plate forms. These are called intraplate quakes. They often surprise scientists because they happen in places that they do not ever expect earthquakes.
解析：对号入座一对一，题目简单，我们看看做题思路是怎样的，一开始不确定选项有关无关，那着重看文章中出现两个对比之处，已用蓝色标出，these，指代题，跟前面有关，两者对比关系可以表示为：Sometimes the plates rub together--interplate quakes和 Quakes can also happen when a crack in the middle of a plate forms-- intraplate quakes。会发现，第一个的关键信息点是rub together，第二个是crack in the middle of a plate forms，大体浏览一下所有选项，会发现B中出现rub together，属于interplate quakes;C中出现crack in the middle，属于 intraplate quakes，那我们就选出正确答案了，这时候选项A、D、E的对错已无关紧要了，因为它们不是最能表现两者不同之处的特点，也就无需再去考虑对错了。
通过这两个简单的例题，希望同学们能了解ETS对填入表格题的出题思路，用简单的思想去攻克复杂的题，这是明智的解题方法。填入表格题出现的频率虽不如文章小结题高，但出现一次我们攻克一次，把性价比相当高的填入表格题当作送分的题目那是相当爽的，希望同学们可以细细体会做题方法，仔细思考出题点，每做一次题就要有一次新收获，最后祝大家考出好成绩。
篇11：托福阅读题型分类练习之句子简化题
在托福阅读中，对很多学生来说也许找到句子的主干是一个难点。因为，在目前的情况中，托福阅读难度加深内容加长，想要抓住重点，节省阅读的时间，并非会是你想象中的那么容易。所以，在托福阅读的答题过程中，简化题也是会比较费时的一种题型。那么，在以下内容中，我们就为大家带来一些托福阅读句子简化题实例练习，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
托福阅读题型分类练习之句子简化题
托福阅读句子简化题：Nineteenth-Century Politics
【Paragraph 6】In some ways the social makeup of the two parties was similar. To be competitive in winning votes, Whigs and Democrats both had to have significant support among farmers, the largest group in society, and workers.
Neither party could win an election by appealing exclusively to the rich or the poor. The Whigs, however, enjoyed disproportionate strength among the business and commercial classes. Whigs appealed to planters who needed credit to finance their cotton and rice trade in the world market, to farmers who were eager to sell their surpluses, and to workers who wished to improve themselves. Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it, workers alienated from the emerging industrial system, and rising entrepreneurs who wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves. The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.(Nineteenth-Century Politics in the United States)
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○Whigs were able to attract support only in the wealthiest parts of the economy because Democrats dominated in other areas.
○Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural areas, respectively.
○The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly isolated by the Whigs' control of the market economy.
○The Democrats' power was greatest in poorer areas while the Whigs were strongest in those areas where the market was already fully operating.
托福阅读句子简化题答案：4
托福阅读句子简化题：Swimming Machines
【Paragraph 7】One potential problem is that opening the mouth to breathe detracts from the streamlining of these fishes and tends to slow them down. Some species of tuna have specialized grooves in their tongue. It is thought that these grooves help to channel water through the mouth and out the gill slits, thereby reducing water resistance. (Swimming Machines)
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○These fishes often have a problem opening their mouths while swimming.
○The streamlining of these fishes prevents them from slowing down.
○The streamlining of these fishes tends to slow down their breathing.
○Opening the mouth to breathe can reduce the speed of these fishes.
托福阅读句子简化题答案：1
托福阅读句子简化题：Artisans and Industrialization
【Paragraph 2】The creation of a labor force that was accustomed to working in factories did not occur easily. Before the rise of the factory, artisans had worked within the home. Apprentices were considered part of the family, andmasters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them some education and for supervising their moral behavior. Journeymen knew that if they perfected their skill, they could become respected master artisans with their own shops. Also, skilled artisans did not work by the clock, at a steady pace, but rather in bursts of intense labor alternating with more leisurely time.(Artisans and Industrialization)
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information
○Masters demanded moral behavior from apprentices but often treated them irresponsibly.
○The responsibilities of the master to the apprentice went beyond the teaching of a trade.
○Masters preferred to maintain the trade within the family by supervising and educating the younger family members.
○Masters who trained members of their own family as apprentices demanded excellence from them.
托福阅读句子简化题答案：2
托福阅读句子简化题：Aggression
【Paragraph 7】The Cognitive Approach. Cognitive psychologists assert that our behavior is influenced by our values, by the ways in which we interpret our situations and by choice. For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified-as during wartime-are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively. (Aggression)
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○People who believe that they are fighting a just war act aggressively while those who believe that they are fighting an unjust war do not
○People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified are more likely to act aggressively than those who believe differently.
○People who normally do not believe that aggression is necessary and justified may act aggressively during wartime.
○People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified do not necessarily act aggressively during wartime.
托福阅读句子简化题答案：2
托福阅读之5大题型最佳方案（精选11篇）
