通过阅读学词汇CET-614

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篇1：通过阅读学词汇CET-614

通过阅读学词汇CET-6（14）

UNIT FOURTEEN

Education:One of the Key Words of Our Time

Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states 'invest' in institutions of learning to get back 'interest' in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by text-books -- those purchasable wells of wisdom-- what would civilization be like without its benefits ?

So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births--but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on 'facts and figures' and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow- citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of 'college' imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is, equally equipped for life.

It is the ideal condition of the 'equal start' which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no 'illiterates ' -- if the term can be applied to peoples without a --while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in Francein 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of 'civilized' nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it ne

篇2：通过阅读学词汇CET-62

通过阅读学词汇CET-6（2）

Unit Two

Fight Again Youth Smoking

Three years ago,appalledby how many children were becomingaddictedto cigarettes every year, the Vice President and I committed this administration to stopping the sale and marketing of cigarettes to children. Today, thanks to these efforts and thepersistenceof state attorneys general, the public health community, and leaders in Congress, we have the best opportunity ever to pass comprehensive anti-smokinglegislationthat well save millions of our children from apremature, painful, and very preventable death.

This week, in a historic and resounding 19 to 1 vote, a key Senate committee gave its stamp of approval to comprehensive legislation sponsored by Senator John McCain, a Republican, and Senator Fritz Hollings, a Democrat, that would cut youth smoking by half over the next decade. This bill represents a dramatic step forward. It would raise the price of cigarettes, give the FDA full authority to regulate tobacco products, ban advertising aimed at children, and protect tobacco farmers.

We still have work to do in this legislation. Above all, we need to put in place tough penalties that will cost the tobacco industry if it continues to sell cigarettes to young people. Just this week the Centers for Disease Control released a disturbing report that more than a third of teenagers in the United States now smoke, even though it's illegal.

It is time to hold tobacco companiesaccountable. Reducidng youth smoking must be veerybody's bottom line. Let's remember -- this is not about politics or money, or seeking revenge against the tobacco industry for past practices. We're not trying to put the tobacco companies out of business; we want

篇3：通过阅读学词汇CET-612

通过阅读学词汇CET-6（12）

UNIT TWELVE

Glories of the Storm

The rain now becomes atorrent,flungby a rising wind. Together they batter the trees and level the grasses. Water streams off roofs. It pounds against the windows in such a steady wash that I am sightless. There is only water. How can so much fall so fast? How could the clouds have supported this vast weight? How can the earthendurebeneath it?

Pacing through the house from window to window, I am moved to open-mouthed wonder. Look how thelilacbends under theassault, how the dayliliesare flattened, how the hillside steps are new-made waterfall! Nowhailstones thumpupon the roof. They bounce white against the grass andsplashinto thepuddles. Think of the vegetable garden, the fruit trees, the crops in the fields; but, thankfully, the hailstones are not enough in numbers or size to do real damage. Not this time.

For this storm is already beginning to pass. The tension is released from the atmosphere, the curtains of rain let in more light. The storm has spent most of its energy, and what is left will beexpendedon the countryside to the east.

I am drawn outside while the rain still falls. All around, there is a cool and welcome feeling. I breathe deeply and watch the sun's rays streak through breaking clouds. One ray catches the drops that form on the edge of the roof, and I am treated to a row of tiny,quiveringcolors -- my private rainbow.

I pick my way through the wet grass, my feet sinking into the saturatedsoil. Thecreekin the gully runs bank full of brown water.but the small lakes and

篇4：通过阅读学词汇CET-623

通过阅读学词汇CET-6（23）

Unit Twenty-three

Capital and Labour

In the last half of the nineteenth century “capital” and “labour” were enlarging and perfecting theirrivalorganizations on modern lines. Many an old firm wasdisplacedby a limitedliabilitycompany with abureaucracyof salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after theenergeticfounders. It was moreover a step away from individualinitiative, towards collectivism andmunicipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit ofshareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting,tramsand other services to the taxpayers.

The grown of the limited liability company and municipal business had importantconsequences. Such large, impersonalmanipulationof capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealthdetachedfrom the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thusenrichedby the world’s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang u

篇5：通过阅读学词汇CET-620

通过阅读学词汇CET-6（20）

Unit Twenty

Camping

Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels.

That the equipment of modern camping becomes yearly more sophisticated is an entertaining paradox for the cynic, a brighter promise for the hopeful traveler who has sworn to get away from it all. It also provides C and some student sociologist might care to base his thesis upon the phenomenon C an escape of another kind. The modern traveler is often a man who dislikes the Splendide and the Bellavista, not because he cannot afford or shun their material comforts, but because he is afraid of them. There is no superior “they” in the shape of managements and hotel hierarchies to darken his holiday days.

To such motives, yet another must be added. The contemporary phenomenon of motorcar worship is to be explained not least by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails. To this pleasure camping gives an exquisite refinement.

From one’s own front door to home or foreign hills or sands and back again, everything is to hand. Not only are the means of arriving at the holiday paradise entirely within one’s own command and keeping, but the means of escape from holiday hell ( if the beach proves too crowded, the local weather too nasty ) are there, outside C or, as likely, part of C the tent.

Idealists have objected to the practice of camping, as to the packaged tour, that the traveler abroad thereby denies himself the opportunity of getting to know the people of the country visited. Insularity and self-containment, it is argued, go hand in hand. The opinion does not survive experience of a popular Continental camping place. Holiday hotels tend to cater for one nationality of visitors especially, sometimes exclusively. Camping sites, by contrast, are highly cosmopolitan

篇6：通过阅读学词汇CET-68

通过阅读学词汇CET-6（8）

Unit Eight

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Cars

The use of the motor is becoming more and more widespread in the twentieth century; as an increasing number of countries develop both technically and economically, so a larger proportion of the world's population is able to buy and use a car. Possessing a car gives a much greater degree ofmobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport and is, therefore, not compelled to work locally. He can choose from different jobs and probably changes his work more frequently as he is not restricted to a choice within a smallradius. Traveling to work by car is also more comfortable than having to use public transport; the driver can adjust the heating in winter and theair-conditioningin the summer to suit his own needs and preference. There is noirritationcaused by waiting for trains, buses or underground trains, standing in long patient queues, or sitting on windy platforms, for as long as half an hour sometimes. With the building of good, fast motorways long distances can be covered rapidly and pleasantly. For the first time in this century also, many people are now able to enjoy their leisure  time to the full by making trips to the country or seaside at the weekends, instead of being confined to their immediate neighborhood. This feeling of independence, and the freedom to go where you please, is perhaps the greatest advantage of the car.

when considering thedrawbacks, perhaps pollution is of prime importance. As more and more cars are produced and used, so the emission from their exhaust-pipes contains an ever larger volume of poisonous gas. Some of the contents of this gas, such a

篇7：通过阅读学词汇CET-69

通过阅读学词汇CET-6（9）

Unit Nine

The Definition of a Gentleman

It is almost a definition of a gentleman to say he is one who never inflicts pain. This deion is both refined and, as far as it goes, accurate. He is mainly occupied in merely removing the obstacles which hinder the free and unembarrassed action of those about him. His benefits may be considered as parallel to what are called comforts or convenience in arrangements of a personal nature: like an easy chair or a good fire, which do their part in dispelling cold and fatigue, though nature provides both means of rest and animal heat without them. The true gentleman in like manner carefully avoids whatever may cause a jar or a jolt in the minds of those with whom he is cast; - all clashing of opinion, or collision of feeling, all restraint, or suspicion, or gloom, or resentment; his great concern being to made every one at their ease and at home. He has his eyes on all his company: he is tender towards the bashful, gentle towards the distant, and merciful towards the absurd; he can recollect to whom he is speaking; he guards against unseasonable allusions, or topics which may irritate; he is seldom prominent in conversation, and never wearisome.

He makes light of favors while he does them, and seems to be receiving when he is conferring. He never speaks of himself except when compelled, defends himself by a mere retort, he has no ears for slander or gossip, is scrupulous in imputing motives to those who interfere with him, and interprets every thing for the best. He is never mean or little in his disputes, never takes unfair advantage, never mistakes personalities or sharp sayings for arguments, or insulates evil which he dare not say out. From a long-sighted prudence, he observes the maxim of the ancient sage, that we should ever conduct ou

篇8：通过阅读学词汇CET-618

通过阅读学词汇CET-6（18）

Unit Eighteen

Type-A Personality and Heart Disease

If you're a classic “Type A” personality -- hard-driving, impatient, competitive, intense, easily irritated C you are far more likely than a calm, laid-back “Type B” to suffer a heart attack, right?

Wrong, says a Massachusetts General Hospital psychiatrist who has studied more than 200 heart patients awaiting disgnostic tests and found virtually no correlation between classic Type A personalities and subsequent heart disease.

What does appear to be a predictor of serious heart trouble, says Dr. Joel E.Dimsdale, director of the MGH Stress Physiology Laboratory, is a chronic inability to deal constructively with anger and hostility.

He is now doing a study on anger and heart disease. The original insight that people could be classified into Type A and Type B personalities and that Type A's were more heart-attack prone grew out of research at the framingham Heart Study laboratories in the late 1970s.

Since the early studies, the A-B issue has been getting weaker. A large prospective study last year showed the A-B behavior distinction was not associated with coronary artery disease. Now researchers are thinking in terms of “anger in ” vs. “anger out” as the latest area of concern.

Behavioral epidemiologist Elaine Eaker at the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in Bethesda, one of the nation's foremost scholars of correlations between behavior and heart disease, agrees in principle.

Since holding anger inside may lead to heart trouble and since acting it out by having temper tantrums is highly antisocial, Faker says researchers now advocate maturely “discussing” anger C either with the person who makes you angry or with a friend -- as the most constructive method of dealing with explosive feelings.

Since the early Type A studies, researchers have been attempting to fine-tune

篇9：通过阅读学词汇CET-622

通过阅读学词汇CET-6（22）

Unit Twenty-two

A Pacific Paradise

“There are sharks sleeping at the bottom,” said the guide, flashing anaive grin. “Let’s wake them up.” In a riot of scuba bubbles, tourists and guide plunged 110 feet into an underwatercavern. And true to his word, the guidedartedthrough thegloom, chasing five foot long shadows. Not to worry. In the spectacular undersea world of Palau, the sharks are as laid-back as the local residents. And who wouldn’t be?Slungacross the Pacific 800 miles southwest of Guam, the string of islands C eightinhabited, 200 or more still unpopulated C make up one of those increasingly rarecommodities, a Pacific paradise.

For skin divers, Palau is heaven under water. At thereefsdivers can find a breathtaking variety of ocean life. Scuba veterans can head for the Blue Corner, an underseacanyonreplete with wavingcoralsand multicolored anemones. Backlighted by the sun, sharksglidepast in the channel. Insouciant Sea turtles swim alongside, eyeballingintruders. Above the surface other delights await: picnicking along the white sand beaches, or a trip to an uninhabited island to play Robinson Crusoe for a day.

There is also history in these islands, nowadministeredby the United States under U.N. trusteeship. During World War II the Japanese had a major headquarters here, andimperialand the U.S. forces clashed in the battle of Peleliu in September 1944. Nearly 13,000 soldiers died. Today jungle vines creep over the rusting hulks of tanks and amphibious vehicles. Long-silent Japanese antiaircraft guns, nestl

篇10：通过阅读学词汇CET-624

通过阅读学词汇CET-6（24）

The Function of Education

Benjamin Rankling, to whom this University owes so much, realized too that while basic principles of natural science, of morality and of the science of society were eternal and immutable, the application of these principles necessarily changes with the patterns of living conditions from generation to generation. I am certain that he would insist, were he with us today, that it is the whole duty of the philosopher and the educator to apply the eternal ideals of truth and goodness and justice in terms of the present and not terms of the past. Growth and change are the law of all life.

Yesterday’s answers are inadequate for today’s problems C just as the solutions of today will not fill the needs of tomorrow.

Eternal truths will be neither true nor eternal unless They have fresh meaning for every new social situation.

It is the function of education, the function of all of the great institutions of learning in the United States, to provide continuity for our national life C to transmit to youth the best of our culture that has been tested in the fire of history. It is equally the obligation of education to train the minds and talents of our youth: to improve, through creative citizenship, our American institutions in accord with the requirements of the future.

We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.

It is in great universities like this that the ideas which can assure our national safety and make tomorrow’s history, are being forged and shaped. Civilization owes most to the men and women, known and unknown, whose free, inquiring minds and restless intellects could not be subdued by the power of tyranny.

This is no time for any man to withdraw into some ivory tower and proclaim the right to hold himself a

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