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- 目录
篇1:教师资格考试题型分析及解题技巧之简答题
教师资格考试题型分析及解题技巧之简答题
下面向各位考生介绍教师资格认定考试中最常见的题型的特点及解题技巧,希望能给考生以切实的引领和帮助。
简答题题型分析及解题技巧
(一)简答题题型特点
在试卷中,简答题在总成绩中所占分值很高,一般占30%左右。考试能否成功,很大程度取决于你对简答题的回答情况。简答题涉及的都是较大的问题,让你阐述一种观点,或者对某种理论作出解释,也可能是提供证明,有一定的系统性。回答要层次清楚、言简意赅,论点或根据不可遗漏。简答,这既是简答题内容上的要求,也是这类题的题型特点。
(二)简答题解题技巧
1.对已有的科学事实和观点做出肯定,阐明其具体表现,这是简答题中比较好对付的一类问题。在回答中,只要说明“是怎样”,就可以了。
【例】教学为主的标志是什么?
当然就这么回答:“在时间上,大部分用于教学;在内容上,以学习书本知识为主;在组织形式上,以课堂教学为主”。
2.比较难的`一种问题,突出实践过程,强调具体方法,回答“应当怎样”。对这类问题,要注意操作的程序性,否则,.回答就可能出现错误。
【例】如何使学生掌握科学概念?只有这样答才严密:
①合理利用日常概念;
②充分利用感性材料和经验;
③注意“变式”在掌握概念中的作用;
④要将词与感性材料相结合;
⑤正确下定义;
⑥在实际应用中掌握概念。
3.最多的一类问题,要求阐明原因,回答“为什么”。对这类问题,关键把道理讲清楚,看你的论据是否全面。
【例】教育为什么在人的发展中起主导作用?
就是这种性质的问题,表现出较强的理论性(答案略)。
4.还有一种特殊问题,对两个容易混淆的概念或观点,要求界定,加以区别。回答这类问题,语言必须简洁,直接点出差异所在,就达到了题目要求。有时,最好的办法和策略,就是叙述概念,自然把差异说了出来,不必再写什么。
【例】再认和回忆有什么不同?
这时叙述概念:“再认也叫认知,是对过去感知过的对象再接触时,有熟悉懑,知道它是知觉过的对象”;“回忆也叫再现,是指过去经历过的对象不在主体面前,由其他刺激作用而在头脑中重现出来的过程”。这样两个概念相对照,就是一种差异显示。
5.在简答题中,最简单的是一些记忆性问题,不要求你解释,只要求你整体把握。一个问题,回答的要点多,是这类问题的特点。
【例】我国普通学校应当遵循哪些主要教学原则?答案要全面,得写出全部七个原则:
① 科学性与教育性相结合原则;
② ②理论联系实际原则;
③ 直观性原则;
④ ④启发性原则;
⑤ ⑤循序渐进原则;
⑥ ⑥巩固性原则;
⑦ ⑦因材施教原则。
⑧ 对于这样要点很多的简答题只要写出要点即可,不必解释每个要点,否则会影响整个应试速度。
篇2:教师资格考试题型分析及解题技巧
教师资格考试题型分析及解题技巧
(一)填空题题型特点
在试卷中,填空题是另一类重要题型.一般来说每小题留有一个填空,这是填空题形式的主要特点。从内容上看,填空题涉及的知识点较多,覆盖面最广。重视的是细节,答案比较固定,填的多是关键词和重要概念,主要考查学生的记忆能力。这是填空题题型的特点。
(二)填空题解题技巧
1.填空题本身有文字描述,实际上给你提供了思考的材料,要会利用这一点进行答题。
【例】教师备课要求写出三种计划,这三种计划是计划、课题计划和计划。
在这道题中,课题计划对你是一个提示,明确了范围,举一反三,比授课课题范围大的`是学期授课,比授课课题小的是课时授课,因此可很快填出答案来,这就是“学期计划”和“课时计划”。
2.原理和规律是我们必须掌握的重点内容,一般要进行多次复述和记忆。命题的一个策略,就是将原理和规律中的关键词,抽出来后作为填空题出。遇到这类问题,当你突然一下想不起时,可把原规律通过记忆复述一遍,也就是通过整体想到个别,填出关键词。
【例】教育过程的基本规律之一是组织学生的,统一的过程。
这个问题是一条德育规律,我们已记住了它,只需把规律复述一下,答案就自然在脑海浮现出来。这个方法很有效,让你想起关键词应是“活动和交往”及“多方面教育影响”。
3.教育理论中一些内容,既不好命为选择题,又不宜出成问答题,而这些内容又要求你必须掌握,则最可能命为填空题,复习时应当注意,这样的内容就只能记忆。考生可以结合考纲进行一一落实。
【例】综合课的结构包括:组织教学、复习过渡、、巩固新教材和布置课外作业。
答案应填“讲授新教材”。这五个知识点,可任意抽掉一个变为填空题,并且在考试中经常出现,值得考生重视。
其次,凡是含有两个知识点的问题更容易被命为填空题,这是由填空题的出题形式特点决定的。
【例】两种对立的教学方法思想为和注入式。答案:启发式。
最后,课程中的重点概念也倾向以填空题方式来考查。
【例】学制是一个国家各级各类学校的。
答案:总体系。
凡此种种,有了这些知识,就有利于我们形成较好的解决填空题的技能。
篇3:简答题的题型分析及解题技巧
简答题常见题型有以下四类
1.细节类问题
由于简答题的宗旨在于重点考查考生的语言基本功及概括能力,所以一般来讲,简答题的细节类问题一般都能在原文中找到出处。但关键是如何从答案出处中归纳出问题的答案,因为简答题要求考生既要用简短的语言,又不能原封不动地照搬原文的整句话,所以此类题看似简单,但要得满分也不是那么容易。
解答此类题型,首先要把答案找准,即找到问题中的关键词(线索词)在文章中的大体位置,并尽可能地缩小概括范围,然后再根据要求组织答案。
比如6月份简答题的第二题就属于细节题,问题为:why did marge and her husband think it an extravagance for marge to go back to work?以该问题中的关键词extravagance为线索,回到原文的第二段,再根据原文中的表达“...was an extravagance we couldn’t afford”进一步追索到答案在原文第二段最后一句:with two preschool children,it soon became clear in their figuring that with baby-sitters(临时照看小孩的人),transportation,and increased taxes,rather than having more money,they might actually end up with less.
组织答案时,要注意以下几点:
(1)答案形式要符合提问方式。
原文中提问方式为“why”,那么就用because引导的从句回答。
(2)概括要简洁、准确,不要拖泥带水。
要回答此问题,必须对第二段最后一句的信息进行概括。如果marge去工作,那么她就得为baby-sitter,transportation,increased taxes花钱,而且“rather than having more money,they might actually end up with less.”这些信息可概括为spend more或more spending。
(3)注意语言表达符合语法。
本题所问内容,从marge和她丈夫角度讲,是没发生的事,即回答的内容与事实相反,故要用虚拟语气。参考答案为:
① because they would spend more than their earnings.
② because their earnings wouldn’t cover the spending.
③ because they couldn’t afford the extra payments of double-worker family.
2.推断类试题
这种类型题目的答案在原文中是找不到的,它要求考生进行合理的推断,当然这种推断并非无源之水。文章中的某些用词、语气具有隐含意义(implied meaning),考生要做的只是将这种隐含意义读出来。例如,6月简答题的最后一题就属于推断类试题。
s5:if given a second chance,the writer would probably choose to _______ .
作者在原文最后一段说:
“the decision to go back to work is made in too much haste. there are few decisions that i now regret more.”从这句话中可以体会出作者对自己以前所做的外出工作的决定甚为遗憾,文章最后一句又表示,但愿能享受一下和小女在一起看世界的奢侈。如果再有一次机会,她会如何选择就不言自明了。
此题的参考答案为:
① stay home with her little girl
② stay home and enjoy family life
③ stay home and have more time with her family
答案①是最简洁准确的答案。②、③和①相比则更具概括性。
3.主旨类试题
对于此类试题,第一步是找出概括文章中心思想的主题句,但主题句原文不能成为主旨题的答案,考生还需将主题句重新归纳总结。否则,照抄原句是要扣分的。然而,并不是所有的主旨类试题都能在原文中找到主题句。对于原文中没有提供主题句的主旨题,就需要考生概括对文章的理解,自己归纳总结答案。
比如6月四级考试的简答题的第1题:
s1:which word in the first two paragraphs best explains why many women have to work?
这道题就是主旨类题。将第一段和第二段概括起来可知,对许多妇女来说,不上班是一种奢侈,只有上班,她们才能生存(survive)。原文第一段提出了论点,第二段展开论证。原文的第一段为:“for many women choosing whether to work or not to work out- side their home is a luxury:they must work to survive.others face a hard decision.”在第一段中,特征标点符号冒号引起我们的注意,其后内容应是本段重点内容,果然survive是答案。
4.语义题
语义题的出题目的在于考查考生转述(paraphrase)或解释(explain)某个词或语句在特定场合下的特定含义的能力。该题型要求考生不仅要读懂原文,而且要表达出来。
解答这种题型时,可注意找出原词在文章中的同义代换词,如果没有,还应注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入句等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分。
如99年1月简答题的第5题便是语义判断题型。题目为:
s5:the phrase“the linguistically oppressed”refers to those who were _______ .
解题时可根据题干回到原文第4段:
an ongoing research project,funded by the university of cambridge,asked a sample of teachers,educators and employers in more than 40countries whether they regarded the native/non-native speakers distinction as being at all important.“no”was the answer.as long as candidates could teach and had the required level of english,it didn’t matter who they were and where they came from .thus,a new form of discrimination—this time justified because it singled out the unqualified—liberated the linguistically oppressed(受压迫的).but the cambridge project did more than just that:it confirmed that the needs of native and non- native teachers are extremely similar.
答案细节部分在倒数第2句,破折号部分需重点研究,显然“linguistically oppressed”与a new form of discrimination及unqualified有关,那么进一步研究一些教师受到discrim- ination的原因是他们是non-native speakers,再结合题意及对原文理解,便可顺利得到答案:
① qualified but discriminated as non-native english teachers
② qualified but discriminated because of their non-native status
③ qualified non-native english teachers
篇4:简答题的题型分析及解题技巧
简答题的评分原则“评分时应同时考虑内容和语言”,也就是说,内容和语言上的错误是导致失分的主要原因。内容上出现问题的主要表现是答案不完整或答非所问。其原因在于:(1)没有找到答案出处;(2)没有注意问题要求;(3)受字数限制,在答案组织上有所疏漏。语言方面的错误大体有两类:(1)语法错误。如主谓不一致、词汇搭配不当、时态与原文不对应、句型使用不当等;(2)语言形式错误,如拼写错误、大小写、标点符号误用、不符合答题规范等。
现将做简答题的解题技巧和应试策略归纳如下:
1.读懂问题,查找线索。为了减少或避免在内容错误上失分,考生可先读懂问题,后浏览全文,并在文中标出问题中的线索词,以保证其答案至少在内容上能够做到完整无缺。
2.语言简练、准确,概括性强。为了不致于忘掉字数限制,考生可将答案写在试卷提供的横线上,一条横线对应一个字,也可采用一些小技巧进行形式上的浓缩,比如,可利用缩写,将could not缩写为couldn’t;把两个词合成一个复合词,比如double-worker;尽量用词或短语代替句子,尽量用简单句代替复合句等。当然解决问题的关键是使自己的语言有概括性,比如:对同类现象找出共性,进行概括。
3.学会抓关键词。一篇文章的关键词构成语篇的精髓,抓住了关键词,不仅有助于理解文章,而且表达上也能言简意赅,正确选用关键词比自己去组织答案要准确、简练得多,也省时省力。1999年6月简答题的第1题,就是从原文中找到了一个关键词survive使答案准确而简练。
4.注意提问方式和答案的协调性。不同类型的问题要求有不同形式的回答,不能仅仅为了答案的简洁而忽略了问题与回答在形式上的对应。例如:就目的提问,答案就应当用表示目的的用语,如for短语,不定式短语;就原因提问,答案就应当用because of短语或 because从句;提问词是what,只能用名词或名词性短语、名词性从句来回答。掌握这一原则有助于增强考生回答题目的针对性。
5.避免语言错误。组织答案要认真细致,避免使用不熟悉的句型、词汇或短语,尽可能利用原文中的关键词语回答问题。要避免语言形式错误,如拼写错误、标点符号错误、大小写,特别是回答问题时要注意首字母要大写。未完成句要注意全句结构是否一致。同时避免语法错误,要注意主谓是否一致、时态与原文是否对应等。总之,简答题基于理解,重在表达,简答题要精炼概括,言简意赅。简答题的答案要体现“简”与“准”二字。
篇5:教师资格考试简答题题型特点
教师资格考试简答题题型特点
简答题在考试中占的比重比较高,简答题得分高低直接会影响到考试成绩了解简答题考试题型特点以及解题技能,会让你的备考事半功倍哇,快学起来吧。
(一)简答题题型特点
在试卷中,简答题在总成绩中所占分值很高,一般占30%左右。考试能否成功,很大程度取决于你对简答题的回答情况。简答题涉及的都是较大的问题,让你阐述一种观点,或者对某种理论作出解释,也可能是提供证明,有一定的系统性。回答要层次清楚、言简意赅,论点或根据不可遗漏。简答,这既是简答题内容上的要求,也是这类题的题型特点。
(二)简答题解题技巧
1.对已有的科学事实和观点做出肯定,阐明其具体表现,这是简答题中比较好对付的一类问题。在回答中,只要说明“是怎样”,就可以了。
【例】教学为主的标志是什么?
当然就这么回答:“在时间上,大部分用于教学;在内容上,以学习书本知识为主;在组织形式上,以课堂教学为主”。
2.比较难的一种问题,突出实践过程,强调具体方法,回答“应当怎样”。对这类问题,要注意操作的程序性,否则,.回答就可能出现错误。
【例】如何使学生掌握科学概念?只有这样答才严密:
①合理利用日常概念;
②充分利用感性材料和经验;
③注意“变式”在掌握概念中的`作用;
④要将词与感性材料相结合;
⑤正确下定义;
⑥在实际应用中掌握概念。
3.最多的一类问题,要求阐明原因,回答“为什么”。对这类问题,关键把道理讲清楚,看你的论据是否全面。
【例】教育为什么在人的发展中起主导作用?
就是这种性质的问题,表现出较强的理论性(答案略)。
4.还有一种特殊问题,对两个容易混淆的概念或观点,要求界定,加以区别。回答这类问题,语言必须简洁,直接点出差异所在,就达到了题目要求。有时,最好的办法和策略,就是叙述概念,自然把差异说了出来,不必再写什么。
【例】再认和回忆有什么不同?
这时叙述概念:“再认也叫认知,是对过去感知过的对象再接触时,有熟悉感,知道它是知觉过的对象”;“回忆也叫再现,是指过去经历过的对象不在主体面前,由其他刺激作用而在头脑中重现出来的过程”。这样两个概念相对照,就是一种差异显示。
5.在简答题中,最简单的是一些记忆性问题,不要求你解释,只要求你整体把握。一个问题,回答的要点多,是这类问题的特点。
【例】我国普通学校应当遵循哪些主要教学原则?答案要全面,得写出全部七个原则:
① 科学性与教育性相结合原则;
② 理论联系实际原则;
③ 直观性原则;
④启发性原则;
⑤循序渐进原则;
⑥巩固性原则;
⑦因材施教原则。
⑧ 对于这样要点很多的简答题只要写出要点即可,不必解释每个要点,否则会影响整个应试速度。
篇6:雅思阅读14类题型解题技巧之简答题
雅思阅读14类题型解题技巧--Short Answer Questions (简答题)
Short Answer Questions (简答题)
1. 题型要求:每个题目都是一个特殊问句,要求根据原文作出回答。
绝大部分的题目要求有字数限制,一般有如下几种表达方式:
(1) NO MORE THAN TWO/THREE/FOUR WORDS(不超过2/3/4个字);
(1) ONE OR TWO WORDS(一个或两个字);
(1) Use a maximum of TWO words(最多两个字)。
有字数限制的,一定要严格按照题目要求去做。少部分的题目要求中没有字数限制,这时,请注意,答案字数也不会很长,一般不会超过四个字。
总之,这种题型的答案都是词或短语,很少是句子,所以又叫“短问答”。
考试中,A类和G类一般都是每次必考,考一组,共三题左右。
2. 解题步骤
(1) 找出题目中的关键词,最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。题目中如果包含年代、人名、地名、数字,这些词肯定是关键词,因为原文中不会对这些词做改变,而且这些词特别好找,所以依据这些词在原文中确定答案比较快。
(2) 从头到尾快速阅读该段落,根据题目中的其他关键词,确定正确答案。
(3) 答案要对应题目中的特殊疑问词。绝大部分的答案是名词或名词短语,也有少部分是动词或形容词短语。详件下文:
特殊疑问词:when, where, what, who
答案词性:名词(时间,地点,人或单位等)
答案例子:8:00am, classroom, calcium deposit, Australian taxpayer
注意事项:不需要时间名词前面的介词及冠词,钟点后面要有am或pm。
特殊疑问词:how many, what proportion, what is the cost
答案词性:数词(比例,钱币等)
答案例子:6, 20-30%, $25million
注意事项:最好写阿拉伯数字。
特殊疑问词:what do
答案词性:动词
答案例子:evacuate the building
特殊疑问词:what happen
答案词性:短的句子
答案例子:The license may be cancelled.
特殊疑问词:how
答案词性:介词短语
答案例子:by bike
(4) 要注意顺序性,即题目的顺序与原文的顺序基本一致。第一题的答案应在文章的前部,第二题的答案应在第一题的答案之后。这个规律也有助于同学确定答案的位置。
NOTICE
1. 所有的答案都不用大写,专有名词除外。
一句话的第一个字母需要大写,我们的答案大部分都是词或短语,都不是一句话,所以不用大写。但答案中的专有名词,如人名和地名需要大写。例如:Australian taxpayer,不能答为:australian taxpayer。
2. 绝大部分的答案来自原文原词,极少一部分需要自己写答案。
大部分的答案来自原文原词,而且是原文中连续的几个词。只有极少一部分需要自己写答案。所以,在考试中,如果发现有很多都需要自己写答案,应首先怀疑自己找错答案的位置。需要自己写答案的例子:
原文:… if your iron produces droplets of water instead of giving off steam, your temperature control is set too low.
题目:What should you do if our iron starts to drip water?
答案及解释:原文说:如果你的熨斗产生水滴而不是放出水蒸气,是以为你把温度设置的过低。题目问:如果你的熨斗开始滴水,你应该做什么?答案应该是升高温度的意思,但原文中并没有相应的原词,需要自己写出来。最好的答案是根据your temperature control is set too low改为set temperature high/higher。同样正确的答案为:increase the temperature或turn up temperature。
3.答案涉及数字的,最好写阿拉伯数字,以免发生拼写错误。
题目问how many/how much/what proportion时,答案一般是数词,这时最好写阿拉伯数字,这样一来最保险,不用拼写成英文。
4. 答案涉及数字的,一般要有简单的四则运算。
题目问how many/how much/what proportion/what is the cost时,答案一般不会直接是原文中出现的数字,而要涉及到简单的四则运算,通常是加减法。
原文:All major cities there have high car ownership, but well developed bus and rail systems are available, and overall public
transport typically accounts for between 20 and 30 percent of passenger-kilometers.
题目:What proportion of passenger kilometer is undertaken by private automobile in Western Europe.
答案及解释:很多同学误答20-30%。原文说:公共交通占20-30%。题目问:私人小轿车所占的比例。答案应为:70-80%。
5. 答案涉及钱币的,在数字前一定要有货币符号,在数字后可能会有单位。
原文:There may have been some consolation in the fact that the bid came in $1 million below the revised budget and $5 million below
the original budget of $29 million formulated in mid-1991.
题目:What was the cost of the revised budget for the Sydney bid?
答案及解释:根据注意事项4,会有简单的四则运算,此题应该是考过的题目中运算最复杂的。费用比修改后的预算少1 million,比最初的预算少5 million,最初的预算是29 million,所以,修改后的预算应为$25 million。注意,这三个词,25、$25、25 million都是错误的答案。
6.找到答案后,要向后看一、两句,看有无重大的改变。
原文中常用转折词修改前面说过的话或作补充。因此,对有些陷阱性题目,找到答案后,要向后看一、两句,看有没有转折词。一般只向后看一、两句即可,不用看得太远。
原文:You iron is designed to function using tap water. However, it will last longer if you use distilled water.
题目:What sort of water are you advised to use?
答案及解释:题目问:建议你使用什么样的水?有的同学从原文的第一句中的出答案:tap water(自来水),但原文中马上就有一个转折词however,正确答案为:distilled water(蒸馏水)。
7. 满足字数限制的方法。
大多数简单题有字数的限制,找到答案后,如果答案超过了字数要求,就需要去掉一些词。基本原则是:保留核心词,去掉修饰词。可依此去掉:
(1) 冠词:a /an /the
(2) 副词:副词用来修饰动词,保留动词,去掉副词。
(3) 形容词或分词:常用来修饰名词,保留名词,去掉形容词或分词。
(4) 如果有必要,将A of B改为BA:这里A和B都是名词,如type of fabric,可改为fabric type,省掉一个字。
大家注意,在去掉多余的字的时候,不要去得太厉害。在满足字数要求的前提下,应尽可能多保留一些原文中的词句。有时去得太厉害,会造成错误。例如正确答案为:Australian taxpayer,如果答成taxpayer,是不对的。
原文:… the amount of steam being given off depending upon the type of fabric being ironed.
题目:What factor makes you decide on the quantity of steam to use?
答案及解释:如果没有字数限制,可以答为:the type of fabric或the type of fabric being ironed。现在,字数限制为NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS,答案应先去掉冠词the,再去掉分词短语being ironed,正确答案为type of fabric。
雅思阅读机经真题解析-Wealth in a cold climate
A
Dr William Masters was reading a book about mosquitoes when inspiration struck. “There was this anecdote about the great yellow fever epidemic that hit Philadelphia in 1793,” Masters recalls. “This epidemic decimated the city until the first frost came.” The inclement weather froze out the insects, allowing Philadephia to recover.
B
If weather could be the key to a city's fortunes. Masters thought, then why not to the historical fortunes of nations? And could frost lie at the heart of one of the most enduring economic mysteries of all - why are almost all the wealthy, industrialised nations to be found at latitudes above 40 degrees? After two years of research, he thinks that he has found a piece of the puzzle. Masters, an agricultural economist from Purdue University in Indiana, and Margaret McMillan at Tufts University, Boston, show that annual frosts are among the factors that distinguish rich nations from poor ones. Their study is published this month in the Journal of Economic Growth. The pair speculates that cold snaps have two main benefits — they freeze pests that would otherwise destroy crops, and also freeze organisms, such as mosquitoes, that carry disease. The result is agricultural abundance and a big workforce.
C
The academics took two sets of information. The first was average income for countries, the second climate data from the University of East Anglia. They found a curious tally between the sets. Countries having five or more frosty days a month are uniformly rich; those with fewer than five are impoverished. The authors speculate that the five-day figure is important; it could be the minimum time needed to kill pests in the soil. Masters says: “For example, Finland is a small country that is growing quickly, but Bolivia is a small country that isn't growing at all. Perhaps climate has something to do with that.” In fact, limited frosts bring huge benefits to farmers. The chills kill insects or render them inactive; cold weather slows the break-up of plant and animal material in the soil, allowing it to become richer; and frosts ensure a build-up of moisture in the ground for spring, reducing dependence on seasonal rains. There are exceptions to the “cold equals rich” argument. There are well-heeled tropical countries such as Hong Kong and Singapore (both city-states, Masters notes), a result of their superior trading positions. Likewise, not all European countries are moneyed — in the former communist colonies, economic potential was crushed by politics.
D
Masters stresses that climate will never be the overriding factor — the wealth of nations is too complicated to be attributable to just one factor. Climate, he feels, somehow combines with other factors - such as the presence of institutions, including governments, and access to trading routes - to determine whether a country will do well. Traditionally, Masters says, economists thought that institutions had the biggest effect on the economy, because they brought order to a country in the form of, for example, laws and property rights. With order, so the thinking went, came affluence. “But there are some problems that even countries with institutions have not been able to get around,” he says. “My feeling is that, as countries get richer, they get better institutions. And the accumulation of wealth and improvement in governing institutions are both helped by a favourable environment, including climate.”
E
This does not mean, he insists, that tropical countries are beyond economic help and destined to remain penniless. Instead, richer countries should change the way in which foreign aid is given. Instead of aid being geared towards improving governance, it should be spent on technology to improve agriculture and to combat disease. Masters cites one example: “There are regions in India that have been provided with irrigation - agricultural productivity has gone up and there has been an improvement in health.” Supplying vaccines against tropical diseases and developing crop varieties that can grow in the tropics would break the poverty cycle.
F
Other minds have applied themselves to the split between poor and rich nations, citing anthropological, climatic and zoological reasons for why temperate nations are the most affluent. In 350BC, Aristotle observed that “those who live in a cold climate ... are full of spirit”. Jared Diamond, from the University of California at Los Angeles, pointed out in his book Guns, Genus and Steel that Eurasia is broadly aligned east-west, while Africa and the Americas are aligned north-south. So, in Europe, crops can spread quickly across latitudes because climates are similar. One of the first domesticated crops, einkorn wheat, spread quickly from the Middle East into Europe; it took twice as long for corn to spread from Mexico to what is now the eastern United States. This easy movement along similar latitudes in Eurasia would also have meant a faster dissemination of other technologies such as the wheel and writing, Diamond speculates. The region also boasted domesticated livestock, which could provide meat, wool and motive power in the fields. Blessed with such natural advantages, Eurasia was bound to take off economically.
G
John Gallup and Jeffrey Sachs, two US economists, have also pointed out striking correlations between the geographical location of countries and their wealth. They note that tropical countries between 23.45 degrees north and south of the equator are nearly all poor. In an article for the Harvard International Review, they concluded that “development surely seems to favour the temperate-zone economies, especially those in the northern hemisphere, and those that have managed to avoid both socialism and the ravages of war“. But Masters cautions against geographical determinism, the idea that tropical countries are beyond hope: ”Human health and agriculture can be made better through scientific and technological research,“ he says, ”so we shouldn't be writing off these countries. Take Singapore: without air conditioning, it wouldn't be rich.“
Questions 14-20
The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-G from the list below.
Write the correct number, i-xi, in boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i. The positive correlation between climate and country
ii. The wealth influenced by other factors besides climate
iii. The inspiration from reading a book
iv. Other researcher results still do not rule out exceptional cases.
v. Eruasia has different attributes with Africa
vi. Low temperature may benefit people and crop
vii. The traditional view reflecting the importance of institution.
viii. The best result to use aid which makes a difference
ix. The spread of crop in European and other courtiers
x. confusions and exceptional cases such as Singapore
14. Paragraph A
15. Paragraph B
16. Paragraph C
17. Paragraph D
18. Paragraph E
19. Paragraph F
20. Paragraph G
Questions 21-26
Summary
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than two words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet.
Dr William Master read a book saying that a (an) 21 which struck an American city of Philadelphia hundreds years ago, had been terminated by a cold frost. And academics found that there is a positive contribution of a certain period of cold days to economic success as in the small country of 22 ;Yet besides excellent surroundings and climate, one country need to improve both their economy and 23 to achieve long prosperity.
Thanks to resembling weather condition across latitude, the whole continent of 24 enjoys faster spread of its uniformity in many economic factors. Also the crop such as 25 is bound to spread faster than those countries aligned from South America to the North. William Master finally pointed out though geographical factors are important but tropical country such as 26 still become rich due to scientific advancement.
文章题目:Wealth in a cold climate
篇章结构
体裁
议论文
题目
寒冷气候里的财富
结构
(一句话概括每段大意)
A. 一本书所启发的灵感
B. 寒流可能会给人类和作物带来好处
C. 国家收入和气候之间的关系
D. 除了气候,其他因素也会影响财富
E. 改变援助的方式
F. 欧洲和其他一些国家的作物推广
G. 其他研究者对于财富和气候之间联系的理论存疑
试题分析
Question 14-20
题目类型:List of heading
Question 21-26
题目类型:Summary
题号
定位词
文中对应点
题目解析
14
Inspiration,
Reading book
第一句话
A段第一句话已经表明威廉博士在读一本关于蚊子的书时突然有了灵感,“Dr William Masters was reading a book about mosquitoes when inspiration struck.”所以选择iii
15
Low temperature, benefit
倒数第二句
“The pair speculates that cold snaps have two main benefits…”第二段【B段】此句之前都是在提出问题,在倒数第二句话真正给出了理由和结论,且cold snaps对应low temperature,所以选择vi
16
Correlation,climate, country
第一、二、三句
第三段【C段】第一句话总起该段内容,说明有两层相关的信息需要交代,第二句就第一句所给的“two sets”进行解释,”the first was average income for countries, the second climate…”第三句说明研究者发现两者之间有联系“curious tally”, 所以选i
17
Wealth influenced,
Other factors, beside climate
第一、二句
第四段【D段】首句就提出气候不是一个最主要的因素,never be the overriding factor对应所选答案中的“beside climate”,第二句话中给出了other factors,所以选ii
18
Use aid, make a difference
第二、三句
第二句第一个单词Instead表示转折,一些经济发达的国家改变国外援助的方法;第三句中给到了改变方式以后的结果,improving governance,improve agriculture, combat disease,所以选viii
19
Spread,European and other countries
第三、四句话
第三句提到了欧亚大陆的地理情况,第四句话首字So表示小结,下结论,“So, in Europe, crops can spread quickly across latitudes because climates are similar”所以选ix
20
Other researchers,not rule out
第四句话
第四句,but表示转折,表明Masters和之前学者的观点不同,且该句中提到“Masters cautions against geographical determinism…”,并且给出了理由,所以选iv
21
a/an, Philadelphia
第一段第一、二句话
第一段第一句话给出了背景,威廉博士读了一本书,第二句引号中的内容就是对书中的回忆,a/an之后可以确定所填应是一个名词,空格之后的which引导的是一个定语从句,对空格所填写的内容进行修饰,且在从句中出现了Philadelphia双重定位,所以填写yellow fever epidemic
22
Economic success,Small country
第三段第六句
of 之后同样可以确定所填词性应为名词,第六句中,Masters在for example 中提到“Finland is a small country that is growing quickly”, growing quickly 对应economic success, 所以填Finland
23
Yet,
Beside,improve both economy and
第四段一、二句话
首先从填空的词性判断,and前后表并列,理应填写名词。其次,填空中,该句的第一个单词是Yet,表转折,且有beside…这样的内容,所以可以判断答案应该的第四段,首句就提出气候不是一个最主要的因素,never be the overriding factor对应所选答案中的“beside climate”,第二句话中给出了combines with other factors,对应both…and,所以应该填写government/governing institutions
24
Latitude,faster spread
第六段第三、四句
首先从所填内容的词性来看依然是名词,其次,空格之前出现了latitude这个定位词,所以可以确定出现的内容应该在第六段【F段】的第三句,且空格后又出现了faster spread,所以定位到第六段的第四句话, “So, in Europe, crops can spread quickly across latitudes because climates are similar.” 根据of 之前的whole continent判断,所以所填答案应该是Eurasia
25
Also, faster,south America
第六段第五句
填空中,also一词表示内容上的递进,从south America可以定位到第六段第五句“Mexico”与之相对应,第五句的前半句有提到Einkorn wheat很快的从中东进入欧洲,所以应该填写Einkorn wheat
26
Finally,tropical country
第七段最后两句
填空中的finally一词可以定位到文章最后一段,且是Masters所给出的观点,所以直接看到文章的最后两句话,根据填空所提示这里需要填写一个tropical country,且最后一句用新加坡举例,for example对应such as, 所以应该填Singapore
参考范文:
篇7:雅思阅读解题技巧之题型分析
雅思阅读配对题并不是按照文章顺序原则出的,建议考生优先选择关键词定位,先做顺序类题如选择题、填空题等,最后做配对题。
由于雅思阅读配对题的选项多于题目,而不是一一对应,因此在做题时首先做好排除法,找出最优选项。
篇8:雅思阅读解题技巧之题型分析
段落标记题和配对题不同,一般来说段落标记题都是按照文章顺序原则来出题,考生的关键信息定位较为容易,根据学术性文章的特征,文章、段落的核心句都在首段、首句或结尾总结句。特殊情况是当文章出现转折时,比如however,此时,问题也不大,考生关注到核心关键词就能找到对应的答案范围。
小站雅思君友情提示:段落标记题一般是总结性题型,如文章出现举例情况,不考虑为有效的答案范围。
篇9:雅思阅读解题技巧之题型分析
在做多项选择题时,一定要注意审题,看清题目要求,注意选项中的关键词,一般正确答案是含有文章关键信息的,也就是题目想要考察的文章核心要点。
如果考生遇到和原文相近的选项,注意看选项、答案和原文相关段落之间的意思是否对应,相似不代表意思完全相同,尤其是一些隐含的转折意义。
当然,还有一种技巧是“排除法”,在无法直接找到正确答案时,考生可以优先选择排除错误答案。
★ 司法资格考试题型
教师资格考试题型分析及解题技巧之简答题(共9篇)
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