下半年英语四级阅读选词填空备考练习及答案解析

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篇1:下半年英语四级阅读选词填空备考练习及答案解析

英语四级阅读选词填空

The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.

While elderly people __1__ to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) __2__ effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.

Sean Drummond, a. psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping __3__ straight through the night.

More sleep in old age, however, is __4__ with better health, and most older people would feel better and more __5__ if they slept for longer periods, he said.

“The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to __6__ well does not change,” Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego.

“It's __7__ a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were __8__. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from __9__ to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's __10__ from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75.”

[A] alert

[B] associated

[C] attracting

[D] cling

[E] continuing

[F] definitely

[G] different

[H] efficiently

[I] formally

[J] function

[K] mixed

[L] negative

[M] sufficient

[N] tend

[O] younger

答案解析:

文章大意:本文主要讲述的是关于老年人睡眠的问题:是否老年人与年轻人相比只需要较少的睡眠时间?

1. N tend tend to 固定搭配;表示“倾向于;”符合句意;

2. L negative 空格后是effect, 前面是a(n), 由此可见,该处需要填入一个形容词;题目给出的形容词有negative, sufficient, younger;根据前后语意,填入negative最为恰当,表示“少的睡眠时间对大脑的活动有负面的影响。”

3. H efficiently 根据推测,该处应该填入一个副词,题目给出的副词有efficiently, definitely, formally;前面提到,老年人在睡觉的时候更容易被打断,而后面用while提出一个对比的概念,年轻人相比起来能获得更_______ 的睡眠;综合起来,选用efficiently(最有效率的)最为准确。

4. B associated be associated with 固定搭配;表示“与…联系在一起”;本句话表示“更多的睡眠通常都与健康度联系在一起”;

5. A alert 先看整句话的含义,“如果他们能睡更长的时间,他们的感觉应该会更好以及…”那么,该处应该填入一个褒义词,选择alert比较恰当,表示“更加警觉,机灵”;

6. J function 根据判断,此处应该填入一个动词,剩下的动词有cling, function;整句话的意思是“当我们上了年纪的时候,我们一觉睡到天亮的能力下降了,但是,我们需要…的睡眠量并没有改变;”空格后的单词是 well, cling 在这里并不合适,一般与to连用;选用function 最为适合;

7. F definitely 作者在首段已经提出这个观点是一个myth,那么显而易见最后一段中出现的myth是作为一种强调手段,应填入definitely;

8. O younger 空格的前面是 when they were…, “当他们年轻的时候”;应填入younger;

9. E continuing 本句的意思是“我们的数据显示老年人将从…获益;”空格的后面是“得到和他们在三十多岁的时候能得到的睡眠一样多”;根据上下文意思,该处应填入“continuing”;

10. G different different from 固定搭配;表示“和…不同”。

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篇2:6月四级选词填空答案及解析

2015年6月英语四级选词填空题目答案及解析如下:

36. passively

解析:sitting passively 被动坐着

从词性判断,36题应该选一个副词来修饰sitting这个动名词,而备选项中只有两个副词,一个是passively被动地,一个是previously之前,再根据语义逻辑,坐着那看电视的行为应该是一种被动行为,而不存在前后之分。

37. harmful

解析:quantified just how harmful being a couch potato 量化长时间看电视的严重危害

通过分析how ( ) being a couch potato can be 这句话的句子成分,得出how 这个副词之后应该接一个形容词,符合词性条件的备选项,一个是effective 有效的,一个是harmful有害的。根据语义逻辑,长时间看电视是有害的,故选harmful。

38. previously

解析: previously published studies 之前公布的研究

38题空格处应该填一个副词来修饰published这个词,参考36题的解析,备选项中现在只剩下一个副词就是previously,刚好填入此处。

39. surfing

解析:spent channel surfing ,直接翻译为在频道冲浪,意译为看电视。这里的channel频道指代television电视;而“surfing冲浪”指代“watching看”,我们经常看到上网常用surfing一词,这里运用了仿词,将“上网冲浪”的surfing借过来用来指“看电视“。以上可以理解为英语中的委婉表达。

40. decade

解析:increased 15% over a decade 增加了15% 。40题后面出现了一个词并列连词and,说明本句存在并列关系。通读此句,40题在over之后应该填一个表示时间的名词,这样才能和前文over 8.5.years 与后文during a seven-year follow up 形成并列,备选项中只有decade符合条件。

41. climbed

解析:the odds …climbed 13% 几率增加了13% 。解析同40题,根据and所指向的并列关系,前文说某一种风险增加了20%,某一种风险的增加了15%,此处空格也应该填一个表示上升的动词,备选项只有climbed,爬升。

42. outcomes

解析:all of these outcomes 所有这些后果。 此题填outcomes,是对前文各种疾病风险的概括。

43. effective

解析:be especially effective at promoting unhealthy habits 更容易形成不健康的习惯。be effective at doing 有效做某事。这里是讽刺用法,用来强调看电视更容易形成不健康的习惯。

44. consume

解析:make you more likely to consume them 使你更有可能吃他们,这里注意them指前文出现的beer啤酒和popcorn爆米花,又能表示喝啤酒,又能表示吃爆米花的词只有consume。consume消费,也只吃喝(东西)。

45. determine

解析:通过句法分析,本句应该填写动词原形,放在to 不定式符号之后。备选项中有3个动词原形,其中consume已经填在了44题,在剩下的resume恢复和determine决定之间,根据语义,应选择determine。

篇3:英语四级阅读选词填空试题及答案

Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular, when older patients 47____ of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it.

Times have changed. Today, we take pain 48____. Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital sign, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in 49____ a person’s well-being. We know that chronic (慢性的) pain can disrupt (扰乱) a person’s life, causing problems that 50____ from missed work to depression.

That’s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who 51____ in pain medicine. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social 52____ related to chronic pain. Such comprehensive therapy often 53____ the work of social workers, psychiatrists (心理医生) and psychologists, as well as specialists in pain medicine.

This modern 54____ for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effective and with fewer side effects than ever before. Decades ago, there were only a 55____ number of drugs available, and many of them caused 56____ side effects in older people, including dizziness and fatigue. This created a double-edged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答

A) result

B) involves

C) significant

D) range

E) relieved

F) issues G) seriously H) magnificent I) determining J) limited K) gravely L) complained M) respect N) prompting O) specialize

篇4:英语四级阅读选词填空试题及答案

Climate change has claimed its latest victim:Limacina helicina,a planktonic,

predatory(捕食的)sea snail that’s a member of the taxonomic group more(36)__________ known as sea butterflies.(The name is(37)__________ from the wing-like lobes(叶瓣)the tiny creatures use to get around.)In a study(38)__________ published in joumal Proceedings of the Royal Society B,a group of scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)and Oregon State University have found that the Pacific Ocean’s decreasing pH―its acidifying(酸化),in other words-is dissolving L.helicina’s thin shells. The researchers collected sea butterfly(39)__________ from 13 sites along the Pacific coast(between Washington and southern California,going over each with a scanning electron microscope.More than half of the shells(53%)from onshore

individuals(40)__________ signs of “severe dissolution damage,”while 24%of(41) __________ individuals suffered dissolution damage.The study’s(42)__________

investigator, Dr. Nina Bednarsek of NOAA,described the affected L.helicina shells as having a texture not unlike “cauliflower” or “sandpaper.”

According to the paper,there was a “strong positive(43)__________ ”between the proportion of sea butterflies with severe shell dissolution damage and “the percentage of undersaturated(未达到饱和的)water ” near the ocean’s surface.The researchers conclude “shell dissolution owing to(human.caused ocean(44)_________has doubled in near shore habitats since pre.industrial conditions across this region and is on track to triple by

2050,”a truly(45)__________ prediction.Moreover, the broader implications for ecosystem are unclear, as damaged shells make it harder for L.helicina to fight infections,stay buoyant,and protect themselves from predators.

A. showed

B. recently

C. protected

D. commonly

E. derived

F. samples

G. offshore

H. principal I. noticed J. correlation K. encouraging L. seaward M. acidification N. grim O. pollution

篇5:英语四级阅读选词填空技巧

英语四级阅读选词填空技巧

考核的主要目的是检查考生在上下文中猜测词义的能力以及单词词性识别能力。

遇到生词怎么办?时间不够怎么办?考前训练时注意培养以上两种能力,考试时加以运用,会大大提高答中率。

篇章词汇理解是大学英语(课程)四级考试中出现的一种老题型,这种题是在一篇长度为220个单词的文章中留出10个单词的空格,要求考生从15个备选单词中选出10个填入空格处,使文章语句通畅,表达正确。

测试重点:考生对连贯性一致性及逻辑关系等语篇语段的整体特征以及单词在实际语境中的理解。既考查宏观结构,又考查微观理解。

15个单词中3个名词正确答案+1个名词干扰答案、3个动词正确答案+1个动词干扰答案、3个形容词正确答案+2个形容词干扰答案、1个副词正确答案+1个副词干扰答案。

英语四级阅读理解解题步骤:

通读全文,抓住中心(首段,首句原则)

阅读选项,词性分类(注意分析动词时态)

全盘考虑,灵活选择(根据所需词性缩小范围,每词只能用一次)

复读全文,核查答案(快速复读,用语感判断是否通顺准确)

英语四级阅读理解答题技巧一:

确定空白处词性

以下情况,空白处为动词:

1 n./pron. vt. n./pron. 前有名后有名,中间谓动

2 n./pron. vi.前名后无名,谓动不及物

3 n./pron. vi. adv./prep.前名后介副,谓动不及物

4 n./pron. link v./be adj.前名后形容,be动或系动

5 to v.前有to,后原型

注意:确定空白处为动词,还需根据上下文确定正确形式

以下情况,空白处为分词:

过去分词:

1has/have/had p.p(完成时态)

2be p.p(被动语态)

3p.p n.或 n. p.p(过去分词做形容词,表示被动或已发生)

现在分词:

1be -ing(进行时态)

2-ing n.或n.-ing(现在分词做形容词,表示主动或正在进行)

3prep. Cing(介词宾语)

以下情况,空白处为名词:

(名词通常做主语或动词介词宾语)

1a/the n. 前有冠词

2n. V. 空白后为谓语动词

3prep. n. 空白前为介词,则空白处为名词或动名词

(注意:根据空白处前的冠词和上下文判断所填名词的单复数;根据空白处后的谓语动词的形式判断所填名词的单复数)

以下情况,空白处为形容词:

1adj. n. n. adj. 空白前后是名词

2adv. adj. 空白前是副词

3link v./be adj. be动或系动后考虑形容词做表语

以下情况,空白处为副词:

1adv. v.或 v. adv.副词修饰动词,表示程度状态

2adv. adj.副词可修饰形容词

3adv.从句,有些副词做句子的状语,表示转折因果等逻辑关系

英语四级阅读理解答题技巧二:

确定考点需要积极意义还是消极意义,继而缩小选择范围,节省大量时间。

Sample: The classroom (offers) opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with _______ , peaceful ones.

(根据语法判断此处为形容词,与peaceful有一样具有积极意义,与前文的angry, violent词义色彩相反,那么comprehensive, cooperative, entire应选择cooperative)

英语四级阅读理解答题技巧三:

介词后一定是名词或动名词做宾语.

注意 to (介词&动词不定式)

to的短语接动名词 :abandon oneself to(沉溺于), adhere to(坚持), stick to(坚持,信守), cling to(坚持,忠于), admit to(承认), confess to(承认), contribute to(做贡献), feel up to(感觉能胜任), get down to(开始着手做), give one’s mind to(专心), give way to(让步), yield to(屈服), lead to(导致), look forward to(渴望), object to(反对),take to(开始从事,喜欢), turn to(求助), succumb to(屈服), see to(照顾,料理), get used to, be accustomed to, be addicted to, be committed to, be dedicated to, be devoted to, be opposed to, be reduced to, be subject to(受支配的,常遭受), submit to(顺从,屈服)

英语四级阅读理解答题技巧四:

利用不定冠词(a/an)判断考点是否为元音开头,缩小选择范围

Sample: Husband and children now do some of these jobs, a ____ that has changed the target market for many products.

(scale, potential, gap, extreme, purchase, situation)

英语四级阅读理解答题技巧五:

充分利用词库中的近义词或反义词

(若词库中出现一对近义或反义词,其中一个必定是干扰项.反义词考查学生对文章语境色彩的辨析,只要辨析考点单词是积极还是消极意义,就不难排除.近义词考查考生对词汇搭配用法的掌握,需要学生牢记近义词的各种用法及搭配。)

Sample:

A) gravelyB) respectC) limited

D) specializeE) seriouslyF) promoting

G) involvesH) relievedI) significant

J) magnificentK) rangeL) issues

M) resultN) determiningO) complicated

Today, we take pain______.

(此处应用副词做状语,考查近义词辨析.Take sth. seriously为固定搭配)

英语四级阅读理解答题技巧六:

注意一词多性:词库中的词有的既是名词又是动词,有些分词也可以充当形容词,确定空白处所需单词词性后要全面考虑词库中的单词词性,不能遗漏。

篇6:大学英语六级选词填空练习及答案解析

Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The way you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually1you money or can add to the cost. Take the2example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the3buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest4price. But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive5to dry your hair.The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.

So what principles should you6when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any valuable7in excellent condition, you'll be saving money in the long run. Before you buy a new8, talk to someone who owns one .If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular purpose. Before you buy an expensive9, or a service, do check the price and what is on offer. If possible, choose10three items or three estimates.

[A]possession

[B]save

[C]best

[D]appliance

[E]material

[F]from

[G]simple

[H]with

[I]in

[J]element

[K]model

[L]item

[M]easy

[N]adopt

[O]reasonable

答案解析:

全文翻译

理智购买是一种积极的方式,可以让你的钱更值钱。你购买一件物品或者一份服务的方式真的可以给你节省钱或者多花钱。以吹风机作一个简单的例子。如果你要买一个吹风机,当你选了一个外观你非常喜欢而且价格又是最便宜的,你一定认为你买了最好的东西。但是,当你把它买回家,你才发现它要花两倍于较贵的吹风机所花的时间来吹干你的头发。电费加上你的时间成本很可能使你的吹风机成为最贵的。

当你外出购物时,你应该采取什么样的原则呢?如果你保持你的家、你的车,或者任何一件值钱的物品处于一种良好的状态中,从长远的眼光来看,你会省钱。在你买一个新的用品前,先与有这个物品的人交流一下。如果可能的话,你可以试试或者借来看看是否适合你的特殊要求。在购买一个贵重物品或者一项服务之前,要看好它的价格和功能。如果可能的话,一定要货比三家。

1.【解析】[B]save 本文主要讲理智的购物可以省很多钱的问题。你购买一件物品或者一份服务的方式真的可以给你省钱或者让你多花钱,所以此处空格填save,节省。

2.【解析】[G]simple 就拿吹风机作一个简单的例子。空格处用simple形容例子符合文章所表达的意思。

3.【解析】[C]best 如果你要买一个吹风机,当你选了一个外观你非常喜欢而且价格又是最便宜的,你一定认为你买了最好的东西。make the best buy即是说买了最好的东西。

4.【解析】[I]in 以怎样的价格用固定短语in price。最便宜的价格就是the cheapest in price。

5.【解析】[K]model 意为“样式,型”。当你把它买回家,你才发现它要花两倍于较贵的吹风机所花的时间来吹干你的头发。a more expensive model更贵的一款。

6.【解析】[N]adopt 意为“采用”。那么你外出购物时应该采用什么样的原则呢?adopt principles “采用原则”,principles 需要用adopt 来搭配。

7.【解析】[A]possession 意为“拥有物”。如果你保持你的家、你的车,或者任何一件值钱的物品处于一种良好的状态中,从长远的眼光来看你会省钱。

8.【解析】[D]appliance 意为“用品,器具”。在你买一个新的用品之前,先与有这个物品的人交流一下。

9.【解析】[L]item 在买一个贵的东西之前,要看好价格和正在出售的物品。item可用来指代物品。

10.【解析】[F]from 这个空格前是动词choose,从中作出选择即用介词from来搭配。

1.大学英语六级选词填空练习

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篇7:6月英语四级阅读选词填空试题及答案

What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel _ 1 _ about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We're 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it.

The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be 5 by importspizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.

Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit-ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 6 .

But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.

The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It's no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚). It's what we eatand how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangersthat help define America as a community today.

A.answer

B.result

C.share

D.guilty

E.constant

F.defined

G.vanish

H.adapted

I.creative

J.belief

K.suspicious

L.certainty

M.obsessed

N.identify

O.ideals

答案详解:

1.D feel是一个系动词,可以判断此处应填入一个形容词,通过上下文意思,以及后面介词about, 可以确定选项为D项guilty, 短语feel guilty about sth. “对……感到有愧”。全句的意思为“我们很爱吃,但是往往在吃完之后又有负罪感”。

2.M be obsessed with 为固定搭配,原意为“被……附上/缠住/迷住心窍”,放在本句表示“十分重视”。全句的意思为“我们很关心健康和减肥,但肥胖却又空前地在蔓延”。

3.A 本句缺一个名词作主语,并且根据和介词to的搭配,可以推断出正确选项answer.

4.I 本句根据more和ways可以判断出需要填入一个形容词构成比较级,根据上下文,表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令,却激发了更多新奇的方法来酗酒”,可以确定I为正确选项。

5.F 本题较难。根据be 和by 确定应填入一个过去分词。再根据上下文,上文表示“应该吃典型的美国人吃的食物”,下文通过 but 转折,表示实际上“美国的食物已经被诸如比萨和热狗这样的舶来品所诠释了”,因此可以确定F为正确选项。

6.B 政治结果,可根据宗教原因religious reasons来推断此处填政治结果。

7.L 由于横线后面没有宾语,可以确定不是形成bring的短语,这样本句所缺的为一名词,做bring的宾语。根据下文解释,“美国人对他们所吃的食物的态度是矛盾的”,可以推出本句意义为“坚定的观点也不是确定不变的”。因此可以确定L为正确选项。

8.K 系动词become后应填入一个形容词,和后面介词of形成短语be/become suspicious of “对……感到怀疑”。

9.J 本句缺一个名词作主语,并且根据和介词in的搭配,可以推断出正确选项belief,(have)belief in sth.“ 相信……”。

10.C 本句是一般现在时,缺一个动词,且和with 搭配,确定选项为share, share sth. with sb., “与某人分享某事”。

篇8:大学英语四级阅读选词填空辅导试题及解析

1. [M] raised raise在这里的意思是“养育”,the environment in which you were raised 意思是“你成长的环境”。

2. [L] psychological “psychological activity”意思是“心理活动”,全句意思是“研究基因和外部环境如何相互作用影响人心理活动的学科被称为行为遗传学”。

3. [E] contributions “make contributions to”为固定搭配,意为“为……做贡献”。

4. [A] abilities “ability to …”意思是“做某事的能力”,在此处,全句意思是“任何一篇宣称人类做出某种行为的能力是基于生物学的研究都是有争议的”。

5. [B] achieve “limitations to what you can achieve”意思是“对你所能达到的水平的限制”。

6. [N] smart 此处需填一个形容词,而且用来形容人,根据题意,smart符合题意,表示“机灵,可爱”。

7. [I] extent 此处填extent,主要是因为后面有to,“to the extent …”译为“……的程度”。

8. [J] indicates indicate 意思是“表明,显示”。全句意为“越来越多的科学(现象)表明基因对人类很多特征有基础作用”。

9. [G] essentially essentially 的意思是“实际上,本质上”。全句意为“从这个角度来讲,人一出生,本质上就像是还没洗出来的照片:相已经照了,但是最终会呈现多少就在于显影的过程了”。

10. [H] eventually eventually 副词,意思是“最终,最后”。

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篇9:总结英语四级阅读选词填空解题技巧

选词填空区别于完形填空,有更大的解题难度,原因在于:

1. 完形填空每题都是四选一,选词填空第一题要十五选一,就算用到排除法,最后一题也要六选一,而且在十五个选项中还有五个根本不会用到,难度加大;

2. 完形填空每题的四个选项都是统一的词性,只需要辨析词义、搭配就基本可以作答,而选词填空的十五个选项有多个词性,解题时需要同时判断词性和词义,难度加大;

3. 完形填空每题的四个选项往往都是统一时态,统一形式,而在选词填空中会涉及选项的动词时态、第三人称单数形式、被动主动语态,名词的单复数等的辨析,难度加大。

因此,针对选词填空的解题方法分为三步:

1. 预览选项,了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性:名词n,动词v,形容词a,副词ad,在每个选项后作词性的简要标记;

2. 精读全文开头,把握文章主题,并以三个空或一个段落为一个单位,利用前后文判断每空的词性;

3. 把对应词性的选项逐一带回原文,含义通顺,时态、主谓搭配一致的为正确选项。

四级考试的常用后缀在判断选项词性时可以有一定帮助作用:

常见名词后缀:

-sion,-tion,如:starvation,attraction,profession

-ity,如:quality,diversity

常见动词后缀:

-ate,如:estimate,generate

-en,如:widen,worsen

常见形容词后缀:

-able,如:stable,affordable

-tive,-sive,如:destructive,excessive ,sensitive

-ous,如:unconscious,enormous

常见副词后缀:

-ly,如:deliberately,completely,remarkably,

在根据前后文判断每空的词性时,一些经常考察的形式如下:

名词:

通常来说,冠词(如a,an,the)、形容词、介词后面搭配名词,即“a/an/the/adj./prep. + n.”,举例说明:

Education soon became a _____. 冠词a后面加可数名词的单数形式,正确答案是nightmare,这句话的意思是“教育很快成了一种噩梦。”

As the trade winds lessen in _____, the ocean temperatures rise causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 degrees. (06-6) 介词in后面加名词,正确答案是strength,这句话的意思是“当信风强度减弱的时候,海洋温度上升,导致从东部流入的秘鲁洋流上升了5摄氏度之多。”

较难的一个例子:Husbands and children now do some of these jobs, a ____ that has changed the target market for many products. (06-12) 这里可以用两种判断方法来判断横线处所填词的词性。第一种方法,用句子结构来判断,前面一句话,husbands and children now do some of these jobs,这是一个完整的句子,主语husbands and children,谓语动词do,宾语some of these jobs;后面的that引导的是一个同位语从句,它所修饰的中心词就是a后面需要填的词,而定语从句的中心词是名词,所以横线处应填一个名词。第二种方法,根据刚才所说的“a + 名词”的语法规则来判断,横线处应该填一个名词,而且是一个可数名词的单数形式。正确答案是situation。这句话的意思是“丈夫和孩子现在也做一些这样的工作了,这种情况就改变了许多产品的目标市场。”

动词:

动词的考点很多,我们来看其中三种:

1. 主语后缺谓语动词。

举例说明:

He ____ from his teachers, came home in tears and thought about dropping out. 在这句话里,主语是he,本来后面应该有一个动词作谓语,但是这里没有动词,而是在横线后面出现了一个介词短语from his teachers,这样这句话就缺少谓语动词,所以横线上应该填一个动词。正确答案是hid,这句话的意思是“他不愿见老师,哭着回家,想要退学。”

That’s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who ___ in pain medicine. (07-6) 在这句话里,who___ in pain medicine是physicians的定语从句,这个定语从句的主语是who,后面也没有跟动词作谓语,而是直接出现了一个介词短语in pain medicine,因此横线上应该填一个动词,而physicians是复数,这就决定了who也是复数,这样横线所填的动词应该与主语性数搭配一致。正确答案是specialize,这句话的意思是“这就是为什么,越来越多的医院现在都依赖上了止痛药配给专家。”

2. 当出现“一个完整的句子 + ,____ + 名词/介词”的结构时,逗号后边的部分是伴随状语,表示伴随状态或者表示原因,应当填动词加ing形式或动词加ed形式。当这个动词与句子主语是主动关系,填动词加ing形式,当两者是被动关系,填动词加ed形式。

举例说明:

The rainfall is increased across South America, ___ floods to Peru. (06-6) 根据独立主格结构原则,应该填动词ing或动词ed,选项中只有bringing符合要求。从意思来看,bring“带来”与rainfall“降雨”之间是主动关系,即“the rainfall brings floods”,所以用bringing无论从意思上还是结构上都符合要求。

3. 横线处如果填谓语动词,往往与上下半句的谓语动词时态一致。

举例说明:

In particular, when older patients ___ of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. (07-6) 上半句when的从句里有主语patients但没有谓语,因此横线处填谓语动词。下半句的谓语动词为were和would都是一般过去时,因此横线里填一个一般过去时的谓语动词。正确答案是complained。

形容词:

当出现“a/the/the most/more +___+名词”的结构时,横线处通常填形容词

举例说明:

The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most _____ weather in modern history. (06-6) the most后面加形容词,表示形容词的最高级。正确答案是destructive。

副词:

1. 当一句话完整的时候,句尾的空往往是副词。

举例说明:

Today, we lake pain _____. (07-6)这句话有主语we,谓语lake,宾语pain,表达完整的意思,句尾判断应该填副词。正确答案是seriously。

2. 当一句话出现“主语 + ___ + 谓语”的情况时,横线处通常填副词。

举例说明:

In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students ____ outperform their peers in monolingual programs.主语是students,谓语是outperform,两者之间通常填副词。正确答案是consistently。

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