6月英语四级模拟试题及答案

【导语】“candylove”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了12篇6月英语四级模拟试题及答案，以下文章小编为您整理后的6月英语四级模拟试题及答案，供大家阅读。

篇1：6月英语四级模拟试题及答案

Passage Four

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.

For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatures-learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理的) “drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.

It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.

Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on” a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.

Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.

36. According to the author, babies learn to do things which .

A) are directly related to pleasure

B) will meet their physical needs

C) will bring them a feeling of success

D) will satisfy their curiosity

37. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby .

A) would make learned responses when it saw the milk

B) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink

C) would continue the simple movements without being given milk

D) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink

38. In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to .

A) have the lights turned on

B) be rewarded with milk

C) please their parents

D) be praised

39. The babies would “smile and bubble” at the lights because .

A) the lights were directly related to some basic “drives”

B) the sight of the lights was interesting

C) they need not turn back to watch the lights

D) they succeeded in “switching on” the lights

40. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of .

A) a basic human desire to understand and control the world

B) the satisfaction of certain physiological needs

C) their strong desire to solve complex problems

D) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills

Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)

Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

41. It's the in this country to go out and pick flower on the first day of spring.

A) case B) custom C) habit D) precedent

42. He didn't take the flat because he couldn't afford the .

A) hire B) fare C) rent D) salary

43. I've made an for you to see the dentist at 5 o'clock tomorrow.

A) appointment B) interview

C) opportunity D) assignation

44. The house was poorly built; for , the roof leaked.

A) short B) certain

C) one thing D) sure

45. the weather is concerned, I do not think it matters.

A) So long as B) So far as

C) As long as D) So far

46. The continuous rain set the harvesting of wheat by two weeks.

A) off B) back C) down D) about

47. The helicopter hovered the trees.

A) in B) over C) down D) up

48.The mother made a shirt for the boy out of the of the cloth.

A) odd and end B) odd and ends

C) odds and end D) odds and ends

49. Let's get this old barn. It's of no use to us.

A) over B) ready

C) rid of D) used to

50. George's ability to learn from observations and experience greatly to his success in public life.

A) owed B) contributed C) attached D) related

51. I asked him where my sister was, and he the store across the street.

A) nodded B) indicated C) figured D) guessed

52. They are staying with us the time being until they find a place of their own.

A) during B) for C) since D) in

53. 100 competitors had the race.

A) put their names for B) entered for

C) put themselves for D) taken part

54. He me by two games to one.

A) beat B) conquered C) gained D) won

55. They have put the bird in a cage to it from flying away.

A) avoid B) prevent C) forbid D) control

56. In recent years, new buildings have up like mushrooms in the city.

A) jumped B) sprung C) leapt D) put

57. I from among the crowd an old friend of mine whom I hadn't seen for ten years.

A) figured out B) picked out

C) realized D) picked over

58. I thought he'd never anything, but it's turned out that I was wrong.

A) arrive B) amount to C) reach for D) add to

59. He managed to pay off his debts.

A) anyhow or other B) anyhow or another

C) somehow or other D) somehow or another

60. You'd better not Mr. Ganz. He may get angry.

A) play a joke on B) play out

C) play into the hands of D) play at

61. We existed on nothing but the necessities.

A) empty B) bare C) hollow D) undressed

62. The seasons change, independent anyone's wishes.

A) on B) to C) with D) of

63. The mail was for two days because of the snowstorm.

A) misled B) lost C) delayed D) damaged

64. He has been absent class for quite some time.

A) in B) for C) with D) from

65. I owe a great deal my parents and teachers.

A) to B) for C) toward D) of

66. We must manage to do our work better with people.

A) less money and few

B) less money and fewer

C) little money and less

D) few money and less

67. Mr. Black is to our English evening.

A) more pleased than to come

B) more pleased to come than

C) more than pleased to come

D) more pleasing than to come

68. You that car with the brakes out of order. You might have had a serious accident.

A) ought to drive B) oughtn't do drive

C) ought to have driven D) oughtn't to have driven

69. If it for their support, we would be in a very difficult position.

A) is not B) weren't C) was not D) be not

70. If only we as we were told! This would never have happened.

A) would do B) had done C) do D) did

篇2：6月英语四级模拟试题答案详解

part ⅰlistening comprehension

1. b2. a3. c4. b5. a6. b7. d8. b9. c10. d

s1-s10见notes中听力原文

part ⅱreading comprehension

11. b12. d13. a14. c15. c16. a17. d18. c19. c20. b

21. d22. b23. c24. d25. a26. b27. c28. a29. b30. c

part ⅲ vocabulary

31. c32. d33. a34. b35. b36. a37. a38. d39. a40. d

41. b42. b43. d44. a45. c46. b47. d48. c49. b50. d

51. a52. b53. d54. a55. d56. c57. c58. a59. d60. a

part ⅳ cloze

61. c62. a63. b64. d65. b66. a67. c68. d69. b70. d

71. a72. c73. b74. d75. a76. c77. b78. c79. a80. d

206月英语四级最新模拟试题答案详细讲解

part ⅰtapescript of listening comprehension

section a

1. m: excuse me, could you tell me where dr. brown’s office is?

w: the doctor’s office is on the fifth floor, but the elevator can only go to the fourth. so you’ll have to use the stairs to reach there. it’s the seventh room on the left.

q: on which floor is the doctor’s office?

2. m: did you hear about the computer that john bought from morris?

w: he got a bargain（便宜货）,didn’t he?

q: what do we learn from the conversation?

3. w: your sister jane didn’t recognize me at first.

m: i’m not surprised. why on earth don’t you lose some weight?

q: what does the man suggest the woman do?

4. m: between the two houses we saw yesterday, which one do you prefer?

w: i think the white one is prettier, but the brick one has a bigger yard, so i like it better.

q: which house does the woman prefer?

5. m: it sure is hot today. this must be the hottest summer in years.

w: well, it’s certainly hotter than last summer. i was out in the sun today, and i think i’m five pounds lighter than i was this morning.

q: what does the woman mean?

6. m: i heard the student bus was overturned（翻倒）in a traffic accident.

w: yes, and what’s more, no one on the bus was not injured.

q: what do we learn from the conversation?

7. w: hello, robert. what are you doing here? drawing money?

m: no. i only want to put some money in my deposit account（储蓄账户）. not very much, but i’m trying to save.

q: what is the man doing?

8. m: oh, no, i am not lazy. you should have seen my school report! they said i was reliable, industrious and conscientious.

w: well, teachers nowadays expect too little.

q: what does the woman think of teachers nowadays?

9. w: don’t worry about it, stanley. there’s nothing we can do now.

m: i can’t help it, stella. if i’d been thinking, this wouldn’t have happened.

q: what can we learn from the conversation?

10. m: you look very nice in this dress. perhaps the waist is little too tight. would you like to try a size larger?

w: well, the style isn’t quite what i had in mind. thank you anyway.

q: why didn’t the woman buy the dress?

part ⅱreading comprehension

passage one

这是一篇人文类说明文。

第一段中作者提出长期困扰社会科学家的问题，即死亡率遵循一种一成不变的模式。在第二段中作者引用加拿大心理学家gerald wilde的risk homeostasis（体内风险平衡）理论分析了原因，并以交通事故为例，指出如果驾驶时系了安全带，这方面原因导致的车祸会降低，但另一方面驾车人因为感到安全可能会开快车，开鲁莽车，从而发生死亡事故。第三段讨论了影响寿命的因素，文中提到，保持长寿，不仅要注意饮食、不抽烟、谨慎驾驶，更要有乐观的生活态度。

11. b) 语义理解题 问的是长期困扰社会科学家的问题是什么，本题依据是第一段最后一句“it just happens that they follow a consistent pattern year after year”，与选项b)“死亡人数年复一年保持稳定”相吻合。

12. d) 细节推论题 本题题干出现在第二段第二句，意思说：虽然有技术进步和安全标准的提高，西方世界的暴力和意外死亡率在整个世纪中保持着奇怪的恒定（static），由此判断，技术进步和安全标准的提高并未降低各种原因的死亡人数，d项正确。

13. a) 细节理解题 问题是“根据体内风险平衡理论，某些交通事故是由于什么原因”，a)“我们天生的冒险欲望”；b)“开快车，开鲁莽车”；c)“无视安全带的好处”；d)“对超速行驶的本能兴趣”。在第二段靠后，作者先列举交通事故例子，然后在最后一句得出结论：it appears, then, that we have an innate need for danger. 符合a项意思。

14. c) 句意理解题 本句大体意思是：从数字统计的角度说，（开快车开鲁莽车导致的死亡人数的增加）抵消了系保险带（引起的死亡人数减少）的好处。cancel out解释为“抵消，对消”。所以c项“因为其他原因引起的死亡对消了系保险带的好处”符合题意。a和d都包含系保险带没有好处，不对，系保险带有benefits，会降低这方面原因导致的死亡事故。b)“系安全带与不系安全带的死亡人数一样”，无此意。

15. c) 语义理解题 问什么有助于长寿，依据最后一段。a)“对别人信任不要怀疑”，不对，倒数第二句是说疑惑心重的人比乐观豁达的人早逝；b项不对，文中说“eating the right foods”，并不等于低脂食物；c项正确，“an optimistic personality and never losing heart”都是“a sunny disposition”的特征；d项后半部分不对。

passage two

这是一篇新闻报道类议论文。

文章报道了美国加州就是否对能源价格进行控制这一问题进行的辩论，一方面，加州管理者、公用事业公司和州长都强烈要求对加州的能源价格实施限制，另一方面，联邦能源管理委员会坚决反对，认为以前取消价格限制的目的是为了让市场来调节供求，不会再人为干预价格（not to re-regulate）。文中许多地方采用直接引语，反映各自观点。

16. a) 细节理解题 题目是“加州人和联邦管理者之间的斗争是关于什么”，依据第一段，加州人要求“to cap spot market prices(控制现货市场价格)”，但联邦管理者拒绝了，a项正确；b)“取消价格控制的必要性”；c)“提高加州的能源价格”；d)“对电力供应的调节”，均与第一段不符。

17. d) 语义理解题 题干中的“dissatisfied with”与第二段中的“not happy with”是一致的，第二段字面理解为“他们生活在象牙塔中，如果他们的支付账单像圣第亚哥的人那样不断增加，他们就会理解这确实是个问题”，gray davis州长并非真的说联邦管理者生活优越或者不了解加州的问题（文章最后一段提及他们知道情况），而是说他们对加州的问题熟视无睹，不愿采取措施。

18. c) 细节理解题 本题题干对应第三段第一句，以前取消价格控制的目的是“to allow for a free market”，“free market”的含义在第六段进一步阐述为“to enable the markets to catch up to current supply and demand problems(让市场来解决目前的供求问题)”，所以答案为c。

19. c) 细节判断题 题干“为了有助于抑制价格的进一步上涨，加州的个人和团体干什么”，从全文特别是第一段可以判断，他们敦促联邦当局采取措施，c项正确。a)“实施合理的价格控制”，是要求政府做而不是他们自己做，不对；b)“敲打联邦管理者的门”，文中是比喻说法，并非真的敲门；d)“与政府提高价格的政策进行斗争”，与文章不符。

20. b) 观点判断题 问的是反对价格控制的专家们的观点。a)“除非有价格控制，否则加州目前的局面将会继续”，这是赞成价格控制者的观点，不对；b)“目前的危机部分归咎于以前指令控制政策”，正确，依据是第六段“command and control regulation that has helped to produce the current crisis”；c)“价格控制只能暂时解决一个州的能源问题”，不对，文章在最后一段最后一句说“they never work”；d项中后半句“将采取措施”，与原文不符。

passage three

这是一篇关于非言语交际的说明文。

本文在第一段谈及非言语交际的另外一种因素，即距离。文章提到，美国人在非正式场合交流时，一般保持“臂长的距离”，拉丁或阿拉伯文化背景的人则靠得较近，甚至常常互相触摸。第二段讨论了言语交际时表情的使用，美国人把“保持眼神接触”看作是“真诚和诚实”的表示，但同时指出盯着陌生人看被认为是粗鲁的。

21.d) 推论题 题目的意思是：在先前的章节中作者最有可能讨论了什么。依据文章的第一句选择答案：“非言语交际的另外一个文化方面是你可能想不到的：交际距离”，既然是另外一个文化方面（another cultural aspect），说明在前面章节中讨论了其他的文化方面，所以本题答案是d。

22. b) 细节理解题 问的是“人们谈话时彼此保持的距离与什么密切相关”，参看第一段第五句“but the size of a person’s ‘comfort zone’ depends on his cultural ethnic origin.（一个人“舒服距离”的大小取决于他的来自什么民族文化）”，“cultural ethnic origin”连在一起理解为来自什么民族文化，而不是指a)“出生；起源”；c)“习俗”；d)“国籍”。

23. c) 细节推断题 题目要求判断意大利人与阿拉伯人在非正式交流时的情况。第一段倒数第二句提到“拉丁或阿拉伯文化背景的人靠得非常近，甚至常常互相触摸”。意大利属于拉丁文化，所以c)“喜欢保持较近的距离”符合句意。

24. d) 词汇理解题 a “poker face”后的定语从句“whose emotions are hidden by a deadpan expression（其情感被没有表情所掩盖）”，但deadpan可能是生词，那就退回去看上一句：美国人为了表示强调会显示出各种表情，本句应该理解为“那么什么样的人会招致怀疑”，应该是没有表情，答案为d项。

25. a) 细节理解题 第二段提到“whereas some cultures view direct eye contact as impolite or threatening,americans see it as a sign of genuineness and honesty”,“genuineness and honesty”与题干中的“sincere and truthful”是同义，答案是a。

passage four

这是一篇科普类说明文。

文章提到，dna可以用来识别个人身份。宗谱学利用遗传标记所提供的独有识别特征将人连成家族树。对于家族信息缺失的人来说，通过研究他们的遗传标记，可以使他们的家谱研究取得突破。宗谱学研究小组（the molecular genealogy research group）建立一个由10万基因样本组成的数据库，其最终目的是帮助解决仅靠传统文字资料不能完全解决的有关宗谱的问题。

26.b) 单句理解推断题 题干的意思是对第一句中“there are also regions of the dna strand（也有一些区域具有同样的dna线索）”的改写，原因就是前面提到的“because it is inherited（dna具有遗传性）”，既然是遗传，那么可以推断出具有同样dna特征的人必定有同样的祖先。比较四个选项，b符合这样的意思。

27. c) 语义理解推断题 基于第一段第二、三句，我们知道遗传标记提供独有的识别特征（unique identification）把人们连接在一起，形成家族树。换句话说，能对家族树进行研究，是因为遗传标记的独有特征可以用来判断一个人的基因身份以及与他人之间的关系，c项正确。a)“遗传学取得突破”和b)“包含在dna中的基因信息现在可以揭示出来”没有回答进行家族树研究依据什么基础这样的问题；而d项强调“用dna证明有多远（how distant）”与文章相孛。

28. a) 细节理解题 题干问的是建数据库的目的，对照第二段中“help in solving many issues regarding genealogies that could not be done by relying only…(有助于解决仅靠…不能解决的宗谱有关的许多问题)”。四个选项：a)“解决宗谱有关的问题时提供帮助”，正确；b)“无须依赖传统文字资料解决许多问题”；c)“提供代表世界基因构成的家谱树”；d)“获得10万份世界各地个人dna样本”均不正确。

29. b) 细节推断题 题干的表述相当于第三段第二句的“if two men sharing the same last name believe that they are related”，做题依据是本句的后半句“we can verify this possibility by collecting a sample of dna from both and looking for common markers(通过采集两个人的dna样本寻找共同的遗传标记来确定这种可能性)”，b项符合。c)“比较他们y染色体的不同”，并非要强调不同，错误。

30. c) 篇章推断题 a)“我们的方方面面记录着我们的祖先”，可以推断，因为dna具有遗传特性；b)“许多美国黑奴不知道他们的祖先”，正确，依据是第一段最后一句；c)“收养的孩子或者孤儿与他们的家族树没有关系”，不正确，因为他们与家族树的关系是基因特征而不是其他因素决定的；d)“宗谱学能用来证明人与人之间的关系”，识别和证明人的身份关系是宗谱学的目的，正确。

part ⅲvocabulary

31. c) 考点 形似名词辨异。commitment“承诺，许诺；承担的责任或义务”与前面的access“进入…的权利”形成对应。carry out one’s campaign commitments履行自己的竞选诺言；come and have a look round our shop without commitment to buying anything. 来我们商店看看，不必非买东西不可。commerce（1）“商业，贸易”；（2）“交流，交往”；committee“委员会”；commission（1）“授权，委托”：go beyond one’s commission越权；（2）“（处理专门事务的）委员会”：the military commission of the central committee of the chinese communist party中共中央军事委员会。 【译文】有些国家把加入世贸组织看作是进军国外市场的权利，而不是开放本国市场的义务。

32. d) 考点 单位名词辨异。chain“链条；一系列”：fasten an iron chain锁上铁链；after a long chain of contacts,they finally found out the truth. 经过多次联系，他们终于查明真相。本题是说顾客与商品提供者之间是一种链条关系，d项正确。pool“水坑，水塘；（液体等的）一滩，一片”：a pool of paint一滩漆；line（1）“行，排，列”：form a line列队排成一行；（2）“（货物的）种类”：a new line of winter coats一种新款冬令上装；stream“一连串”：the music evoked a stream of associated ideas. 音乐唤起了一连串的联想。

【译文】我们应该认识到每个公司和每个个人都是顾客和供应者漫长链条的一部分。

33. a) 考点 形似动词辨异。a)protect“保护，防护（后接against或from）”：protect oneself against danger保护自己免遭危险；protect one’s eyes from the burning sun保护眼睛免受烈日的伤害；b)prevent“阻止，防止”：vitamin c is supposed to prevent colds. 维生素c可以预防感冒；c)preserve“保存，维护”：preserve an old house保存一幢老房子；it’s the duty of the police to preserve public order. 维持治安是警察的职责。d)prepare“准备”。

【译文】如今这座小镇较之以前得到了更好的保护。

34. b) 考点 动词短语辨析。根据句意，“撕毁”符合逻辑。tear up（1）“撕毁，撕成碎片”；（2）“拔起，拉起”：the wind tore up several trees. 大风拔起了几棵树。run over（1）“在…上驶过”：the car ran over some glass. 汽车在一些玻璃上驶过。（2）“溢出”：the milk(cup)ran over. 牛奶（杯子）满得溢出来了。（3）“把…粗略地看（或读、检查）一遍”：the teacher ran over the notes before the lecture. 老师在讲课前匆匆把笔记看了一遍。take apart“拆开”；shake off（1）“抖落”：shake the snow off one’s coat把衣服上的雪花抖掉；（2）“摆脱”：shake off a shadow甩掉尾巴。

【译文】你是说我应该保存发票？恐怕我已经撕掉了。

35.b) 考点近义形容词辨析。本句比较影印件与数字复制品，根据常识选b。identical“同一的，（完全）相同的（后接to或with）”：the copy is identical with the original. 复制品与原件一模一样。similar“相像的，类似的”：gold is similar in color to brass. 金子的颜色和铜相像。resembling“类似的，相似的”，现在分词式形容词；alike“相同的，相像的”，主要用作补语：they are somewhat alike in their beliefs. 他们的信仰有些相似。

【译文】与影印件不同，书籍的数字复制品几乎与原件一模一样。

36. a) 考点 动词辨析。本题指物价有涨有落，选a。fluctuate（1）“波动，涨落，起伏”：with prices fluctuating so much,it’s hard to plan a budget. 物价波动这么大，难以制定预算计划。（2）“动摇不定”：fluctuate between staying or leaving拿不定主意是留下还是离开；increase（增加，增长）；soar（1）“高飞，翱翔”：the eagles soared high above the valleys. 鹰在山谷上空翱翔。（2）“升高，猛增”：the prices seemed soaring up without limit. 物价似乎在无限制地飞涨。maintain（1）“维持，保持；维修，保养”；（2）“坚持，主张”：maintain one’s principle坚持自己的原则；（3）“供养，抚养”：maintain a daughter through college抚养女儿读完大学。

【译文】新鲜蔬菜的价格随着天气的变化而变化。

37. a) 考点 介词词组辨析。注意后半句中的put into effect“付诸实施”，前后形成对照，所以选on paper“在理论上；据书面材料”：on paper he is the better of the two. 从书面材料看，两人中他比较好。at sight（1）“看得见，被看到”：there was not a soul in sight. 一个人影也看不见。（2）“在望，临近”：peace was in sight after five years of war. 经过5年战争，和平终于在望了。under cover“秘密的（或地），暗地里（或地）”；in bulk“散装；大批，大量”：sell in bulk整批出售。

【译文】你的建议理论上看起来很好，但我不相信它能付诸实施。

38. d) 考点近义名词辨析。均解释为“结果”，result最普通，指由于某行为而发生的事情或结果；outcome强调事情的最终结局：the outcome of the match disappointed me. 比赛的结果令我失望。effect侧重“效果”，指某种行为产生的效应，后接on+名词：harmful effects of tv violence on kids电视暴力节目对儿童的有害影响；consequence指某种特定条件或原因产生的后果，通常指不好的结果，bear the consequence“承担后果”也是搭配。

【译文】拒绝满足人民要求的政府必定自食其果。

39. a) 考点 动词辨析。a)claim（1）“认领，索取，（根据权利）要求”：claim compensation for losses要求赔偿损失；claim a debt讨债；（2）“声称拥有，断言”：a caller to the tv station claimed responsibility for the bombing. 有人打电话给电视台，声称爆炸是他干的。b)declare（1）“宣布，宣告；声称”：declare a state of emergency宣布紧急状态；he declared his total opposition to the plan. 他声明完全反对这项计划。（2）“申报（纳税等）”：he did not declare the wine. 他没有把酒申报纳税。c)inquire“询问，查问”；d)apply“申请”，用于apply to…for sth. 。

【译文】这个国家的老人过了60岁后有权申领特别取暖补助。

40. d) 考点近义动词辨析。a)shower“下阵雨，喷淋；阵雨般落下或来到”：they were showered with invitations. 他们收到了大量的请贴。b)drop（1）“落下，滴下，投下”：she dropped her glasses and broke them. 她把眼镜掉在地上，打碎了。sweat dropped from his brow. 汗水从他的眉头滴下。（2）“降低（音量等）”：drop the speed放慢车速；c)descend“（从高处的）下来；降临”；d)fall（1）“（雨、雪的）降落；（2）（地位、声誉等的）降低；（3）（政府、政权的）垮台”。

【译文】雪已持续下了几个小时，地面全是积雪。

41. b) 考点 词语搭配。go to great lengths(to do sth)“（为达目的）不遗余力，无所顾忌”。与length搭配的其他常见词组：at full length全身伸展地；极为详细地；at great length长久地；详尽地；at length详细地；最终，终于。与detail搭配的常见词组：for further details欲知更详细情况（请参看）；go into detail(s)详细叙述，逐一说明；in detail详细地。

【译文】女主人想尽办法让这个孩子自在不拘束。

42. b) 考点 形容词辨析。前半句说地点比较笼统，后半句要求更具体一些。specific（1）“具体的，明确的”：have a specific aim有明确的目标；（2）“特有的，独特的”：feathers are a feature specific to birds. 羽毛是鸟类独有的特征。particular“特殊的，特定的；挑剔的”：particular about one’s food对食物挑剔；abstract“抽象的”；especial“特别的，特殊的”：a question of especial importance特别重要的问题。

【译文】你说邮局在这个街区，能不能再具体一点？

43. d) 考点 词语搭配。make sense of“理解，弄懂…的意思”：children need to make sense of the world. 儿童需要认识世界。与sense搭配其他常见词组：make sense讲得通，有意义；in a sense从某种意义上说；out of senses失去理智；与message搭配常见词组：get the message领会，明白。

【译文】他的作文思路混乱，我简直看不懂。

44. a) 考点 形容词辨析。本句注意前后意思，后面提到了坏消息，前面应该是改变乐观看法。a)optimistic“乐观的（后接about或over）”：be optimistic about one’s chances of success对成功的可能性持乐观态度；b)distressing“使人痛苦的，令人苦恼的”；c)indifferent（1）“不感兴趣的，冷淡的”；（2）“无关紧要的，一般的”：the actress gave an indifferent performance. 那位女演员的表演一般。d)pessimistic“悲观的”。

【译文】鉴于刚刚传来的坏消息，恐怕你得改变你的乐观看法了。

45. c) 考试 动名词辨析与逻辑照应。前半句的阅读与思考对应后半句的吃饭与消化，符合逻辑。digest“消化（食物）；领悟”：this food digests ill(well). 这种食物不易（容易）消化；digest new ideas吸收新思想；chew（1）“咀嚼，咬”；（2）“深思，考虑”：chew over a problem考虑一个问题；taste“尝，品尝”；release“释放；排放；解除”。

【译文】俗话说，阅读不思考好比吃饭不消化。

46. b) 考试 动词搭配。single out“选出，挑选”，类似pick out或select（后面不用out）：two other people were singled out for special praise. 另外两人被挑出来给予特别表扬。pull out（1）“拉出，（使）退出”；（2）“（火车从车站）开出”；（3）“（使）摆脱困境”：pull sb. out of danger使某人摆脱危险。

【译文】我们大家做得都很好，可老师只把他挑出来表扬。

47. d) 考试 名词辨析与搭配。at the mercy of任凭…的摆布，完全受…的支配；at(或in)sb’s disposal任某人处理，供某人使用：i had no time at my own disposal. 我没有一点自由支配时间。at the risk of冒…的风险；at the cost of以…为代价。

【译文】没有稳定的水源供应，那个地区的农业依然靠天吃饭。

48. c) 考点 形容词辨析与逻辑照应。本句中使用but前后对照，后面的词应该是close相对的意思，c项distant“远离的”正确。advanced“超前的，高级的”；reliable“可靠的”；sophisticated“老于世故的；精通的；尖端的”。

【译文】工业区应该离人口稠密的市中心足够近，但也要足够远以降低潜在的危险。

49. b) 考点 形似名词辨析与搭配。a guilty(或bad)conscience内疚；其他相关词组：have sth. on one’s conscience为某事而内疚；in(all)conscience凭良心；的确，当然；consciousness“知觉，意识”；consequence“后果”；confusion“混淆，混乱”。

【译文】她为没有把实情告诉警察而感到内疚。

50. d) 考点近义名词辨析。d项正确，stretch（1）“（连绵的）一片”：a stretch of desert一片沙漠；（2）“舒展，伸展”：make a stretch of an arm伸长手臂；extension（1）“延长，延伸”；（2）“（房屋的）扩建部分”：they have built an extension to the hospital to provide more beds. 他们扩建医院以增加床位。（3）“电话分机”；length“长度；一段时间”：add much length of life to大大延长…的寿命；spell“一段时间；（疾病等的）一次发作”：a dizzy spell一阵眩晕。

【译文】靠近我乡间住所有一大片漂亮的松林。

51.a) 考点 动词辨析与搭配。a)invest“投入（时间、金钱、精力等，后接介词in）”：invest one’s time in community service把时间花在社区服务上；b)exhaust“用完，花光，耗尽”：the civil war exhausted that country. 内战使那个国家民穷财尽。c)devote“把…奉献给（后接介词to）”：devote oneself to the good of the people献身于人民的利益；d)assign“把…分配给（后接介词to）”。

【译文】我们把所有时间和精力都投入到这个计划，我们不希望它失败。

52. b) 考点 形容词辨析与逻辑照应。后半句说只要求少量增加工资，所以选b)moderate“不过分的，适度的；（费用、价格）公道的”：the hotel is moderate in its charges. 这家旅馆收费公道。general“一般的，总的”：the general opinion一般的看法；partial“偏袒的，不公平的”；numerous“许多的，众多的”。

【译文】工人们的要求是适度的，他们只要少量增加工资。

53. d) 考点 词组用法辨析。固定搭配know better than明事理（而不至于）；other than“除了；不同于”：there is nobody here other than me. 除了我这里没有别人。the truth is quite other than what you think. 事实与你想的完全不一样。rather than“而不是”；more than“超过”。

【译文】你应该知道，不能把所有的钱都花在那些华而不实的花哨商品上。

54. a) 考点 名词辨析与搭配。词组in the dark“蒙在鼓里；在暗处；秘密地”：the transaction was made in the dark. 这笔交易是暗中做成的。ignorance“无知，愚昧”；shade“阴凉处”；shadow“影子，阴影”。

【译文】好像人人都知道他的丑事，惟独他妻子蒙在鼓里。

55. d) 考点 动词词组辨析。a)let up“停止，暂停”；b)let down“放松，松懈”：as his interest wore off,he began to let down. 随着兴趣的减弱，他开始松劲了。c)let off“宽恕；放（枪、炮、烟火等）”：let off fireworks放烟火；d)let out（1）“发出”：let out a cry of pain发出一声痛苦的叫声；（2）“出租”：let out cars by the day按天出租汽车。

【译文】教授讲了一个笑话，班上的所有学生大笑起来。

56. c) 考点 形似动词辨析。a)resume“恢复，重新开始”；b)assess“估计（形势等）”；c)assume（1）“假定，设想”；（2）“担任，承担”：assume responsibility for sth. 为某事承担责任；d)assure“使确信，使放心”：nothing will assure permanent happiness. 没有什么能保证永久的幸福。

【译文】人们有把握认为那个星球上没有生命。

57. c) 考点近义名词辨析。本句理解为：在某种场合下，你不得已做某事。occasion“场合，时机”：a formal occasion正式场合；与occasion搭配的相关词组：by occasion of由于，因为；on occasion(s)偶尔，间或，有时；on the occasion of在…之际；chance和opportunity表示为实现计划或愿望而获得的机会：opportunity knocks at the door only once. 机不可失，时不再来。have a chance to see the hero有机会看到英雄；situation“形势，局面；处境”：get into a difficult situation陷入困境。

【译文】有些时候别人做着事你不得不打断。

58. a) 考点近义动词辨析。a)creep（过去式crept）“（缓慢或悄悄的）行进”；b)stagger“摇晃”：stagger into a room蹒跚着走进房间；c)rush“冲，奔”：rush toward a door奔向门口；d)march“进军，行进”：march around the playground绕操场列队行进。

【译文】妈妈蹑手蹑脚地进入房间，吻了吻睡梦中的婴孩。

59. d) 考点 名词辨析。根据常识，建筑物中是钢筋结构，d正确。framework（1）“构架，框架”：a bridge with a metal framework金属结构桥梁；（2）“结构，体系”：within the framework of traditional institutions and ideas在传统习俗和思想的框框之内；institution“（教育、宗教等）机构；习俗”：an educational institution教育机构；terminal“末端，终点；终点站”：at the railroad terminal在铁路终点站；sightseeing“观光，游览”。

【译文】大楼先搭钢结构框架，然后填入砖和混凝土。

60. a) 考点 形容词辨析与逻辑照应。既然后面提到有些内容相互矛盾，那一定内容结构不协调。a)integrated“整体的，综合的，（各部分）相互协调的”：an integrated personality完整的个性；b)informed“有知识的，见闻广的”；c)intensive“加强的，深入细致的”：intensive training强化训练；an intensive discussion of the plan对计划的深入讨论；d)inward“里面的，内部的；内心的”：an inward room内室。

【译文】这本书条理不清，有些内容甚至相互矛盾。

part ⅳcloze

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物银行的概念、它的运作方式以及除了食品外食品银行其他方面的情况。文章最后提到，应该“通过立法确保国内饥饿问题不要迷失于经济繁荣的阴影中”。

61. c) 根据句意，“食品银行”的食物来自于什么地方，c项正确。result from表示“因为，由于”，意思不妥。

62. a) give away此处解释为“送掉，赠送”，a项正确。give out“公布，发表；用完”；give over“移交；停止（做某事）”；give off“发出（气味、信号等）”。

63. b)项正确。前半句意思是“食品银行实行复杂而先进的仓储式运作”，后半句是定语从句，由where引导，相当于during which。

64. d)根据前后动词的意义确定该题选项，前面是“收集食品”，后面是“再分发食品”，中间应该取sort“对食品进行分类”，而不是process“对食品加工”，d项正确。

65. b)下文提到通过机构网络提供服务，而不是直接发送食品，选b。

66. a)those in need意为“穷人”，符合上下文意思，a项正确。

67. c)前半句为否定，后半句是肯定，中间用instead连接。c项正确。

68. d)an extensive network意为“庞大的网络”，d项正确。

69. b)根据句意，各个机构服务各自的社区，应选respective。

70. d)参照上一句，community正确。

71. a)从上下文意思判断，此处表示结果（therefore），而不是转折（nevertheless），让步（still）或对比（conversely），a正确。

72. c) a number of后接复数名词，a quantity of虽然也表示“大量”，一般不用于指人，如a quantity of meat,a quantity of vegetables，c项正确。

73. b)下文提到食品银行还经营儿童快餐和社区农业项目，所以本题选other。

74. d) range from…to…是固定搭配：“从…到…不等；涉及从…到…”。

75. a)儿童快餐是课外食品供应项目的一部分，a项正确。

76. c)raise funds是词组，意为“筹集资金”。

77. b)项正确，注意句末关键词hungry，所以用feed“提供食物”。

78. c)参看逗号前a hunger advocate“主张存在饥饿现象者”，后面应该是对饥饿现象的研究，选c。

79. a)本处的意思为“国内饥饿现象这一问题”，应选issue，a项正确。

80. d)economic boom“经济繁荣”，形容词作定语。

part ⅴwriting

写作提示：本文要求写一封贷款信。理由要充分，对学生来说，由于家庭困难而无法支付学费是不错的话题。在行文时需注意句子结构的变化，简单句、并列句和复杂句尽可能交叉使用。在涉及词语的使用时，注意有意识的变化，比如“主修”可以表述为“major in”或“specialize in”；“学费”可以用expenses、tuition、fees等等；“经济困难”使用“financial burden/pressure/difficulties”。

sample：

a letter applying for a bank loan

mar. 1

dear sir/madame,

i am a sophomore in shanghai university, majoring in computer software. in the previous one and a half years i have been a model student and monitor of my class.

however, since i registered here, the expenses have become a burden for my average family. you know, my parents are both laid－off workers, and, to make matters worse, my mother has suddenly fallen ill and is expecting a major operation. it will be beyond their ability to finance me through my remaining education. it is now a must for me to help relieve their financial pressure. so i’m applying to your bank for a loan of 10,000 yuan. if my application is approved, all the money will go to my tuition and fees for the coming academic years.

i’ve made a detailed plan to arrange my school life. a part-time job as a family tutor will not be difficult to find and some work-study programs for students like me are also provided in our university. from these sources i will be able to earn more than enough to support myself. i guarantee that i will repay the loan within five years, that is, within two years after my graduation. please have confidence in me: i have a very good credit record.

i would be greatly obliged if my application is granted. many thanks.

yours sincerely,

liuliu

篇3：6月大学英语四级模拟试题

part ⅰ listening comprehension (20 minutes)

section a

directions：in this section,you will hear 10 short conversations. at the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said. both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. after each question there will be a pause. during the pause,you must read the four choices marked a),b),c)and d),and decide which is the best answer. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.

example:

you will read: a) at the office. b) in the waiting room.

c) at the airport. d) in a restaurant.

from the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. this conversation is most likely to have taken place at the office. therefore,a)“at the office” is the best answer. you should choose a) on the answer sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.

sample answer ［a］［b］［c］［d］

1. a) the fourth floor. b) the fifth floor. c) the sixth floor. d) the seventh floor.

2. a) john bought a cheap computer. b) john bought morris a computer.

c) morris bought a computer from john. d) morris bought a new computer.

3. a) recognize jane first. b) tell the woman why.

c) go on a diet. d) feel at ease.

4. a) the white one. b) the brick one.

c) the prettier one. d) the better one.

5. a) the summer this year is terribly hot. b) last summer was even hotter.

c) hot weather helps lose weight. d) light was stronger this morning.

6. a) no one on the bus was injured.

b) everyone on the bus was injured.

c) only one student on the bus was injured.

d) more than one student on the bus was injured.

7. a) drawing some money. b) opening a deposit account.

c) saving much money. d) putting money in the bank.

8. a) they have too little patience. b) they are not strict with students.

c) they are very hard on students. d) they are more hardworking than before.

9. a) the woman is very worried. b) the man doesn’t like thinking.

c) the man has done something wrong. d) the woman can do nothing for the man.

10. a) because the waist was a bit too tight.

b) because there wasn’t any of her size.

c) because she didn’t look good in the dress.

d) because the style was not what she liked.

section b compound dictation

注意：听力理解的b节（section b）为复合式听写（compound dictation），题目在试卷二上。

现在请取出试卷二。

a supermarket club card is a new way for people to save money on items they buy. people used to cut out coupons (赠券)to(s1) save money. now they use a card that looks like a(s2)credit card when they pay for items. only people with cards can get the(s3)lower price.

to get a card, people must give out their name, address, and other(s4)personal information. everything club card-users buy is (s5)stored on a computer in a file with their name on it. in the coupon days, no one kept (s6)track of the things people bought. now, computers allow huge(s7)amounts of information to be saved.

in order to save money with the cards, people could lose privacy. so far, the information, or data, is private. but that could change. there are many companies who might be interested in knowing what people buy. for instance, (s8)an insurance company might want to know if their clients buy healthy food, or if people buy a lot of medicine from the store.

a california senator, debra bowen, wants to make sure there are laws to protect data kept on computers. she says,“(s9)the laws that govern privacy really haven’t caught up with technology. ”

stores that use club cards have promised to keep the information private. (s10)some people are afraid the stores might change their minds if companies offered enough money. some people say the information is worth as much as treasure.

part ⅱ reading comprehension(35 minutes)

directions: there are 4 passages in this part. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a),b),c)and d). you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.

passage one

questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.

the predictability of our mortality rates is something that has long puzzled social scientists. after all, there is no natural reason why 2,500 people should accidentally shoot themselves each year or why 7,000 should drown or 55,000 die in their cars. no one establishes a quota for each type of death. it just happens that they follow a consistent pattern year after year.

a few years ago a canadian psychologist named gerald wilde became interested in this phenomenon. he noticed that mortality rates for violent and accidental deaths throughout the western world have remained oddly static throughout the whole of the century, despite all the technological advances and increases in safety standards that have happened in that time. wilde developed an intriguing theory called “risk homeostasis”. according to this theory, people instinctively live with a certain level of risk. when something is made safer, people will get around the measure in some way to reassert the original level of danger. if, for instance, they are required to wear seat belts, they will feel safer and thus will drive a little faster and a little more recklessly, thereby statistically canceling out the benefits that the seat belt confers. other studies have shown that where an intersection is made safer, the accident rate invariably falls there but rises to a compensating level elsewhere along the same stretch of road. it appears, then, that we have an innate need for danger.

in all events, it is becoming clearer and clearer to scientists that the factors influencing our lifespan are far more subtle and complex than had been previously thought. it now appears that if you wish to live a long life, it isn’t simply a matter of adhering to certain precautions … eating the right foods, not smoking, driving with care. you must also have the right attitude. scientists at the duke university medical center made a 15-year study of 500 persons personalities and found, somewhat to their surprise, that people with a suspicious or mistrustful nature die prematurely far more often than people with a sunny disposition. looking on the bright side, it seems, can add years to your life span.

11. what social scientists have long felt puzzled about is why .

a) the mortality rate can not be predicted

b) the death toll remained stable year after year

c) a quota for each type of death has not come into being

d) people lost their lives every year for this or that reason

12. in his research, gerald wilde finds that technological advances and increases in safety standards .

a) have helped solve the problem of so high death rate

b) have oddly accounted for mortality rates in the past century

c) have reduced mortality rates for violent and accidental deaths

d) have achieved no effect in bringing down the number of deaths

13. according to the theory of “risk homeostasis”, some traffic accidents result from .

a) our innate desire for risk

b) our fast and reckless driving

c) our ignorance of seat belt benefits

d) our instinctive interest in speeding

14. by saying “…statistically canceling out the benefits that the seat belt confers” (para. 2),the author means .

a) wearing seat belts does not have any benefits from the statistic point of view

b) deaths from wearing seat belts are the same as those from not wearing them

c) deaths from other reasons counterbalance the benefits of wearing seat belts

d) wearing seat belts does not necessarily reduce deaths from traffic accidents

15. which of the following may contribute to a longer life span?

a) showing adequate trust instead of suspicion of others

b) eating the food low in fat and driving with great care

c) cultivating an optimistic personality and never losing heart

d) looking on the bright side and developing a balanced level of risk

passage two

questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.

in california the regulators, the utilities and the governor all want the federal energy regulatory commission to cap spot (现货的) market prices. the californians claim it will rein in outrageous prices. federal regulators have refused. the battle is on.

governor gray davis says,“i’m not happy with the federal regulatory commission at all. they’re living in an ivory tower. if their bills were going up like the people in san diego, they would know that this is a real problem in the real world.”

as part of deregulation, price caps were removed to allow for a free market. timing is everything; natural gas prices had already skyrocketed. demand was high from california’s booming economy. no new power plants had been built here in ten years, and power producers had the right to hike prices along with demand. and hike them they did.

loretta lynch of the public utilities commission says,” this commission and all of california was beating down the door of federal regulators to say‘help us impose reasonable price caps to help to keep our market stable.”

federal regulators did ask for longer-term contracts between power producers and the utilities to stabilize prices. the federal commission, unavailable for comment on this story, released a recent statement defending its position not to re-regulate.

federal energy regulatory commission dec. 15,2000: “the commissions intention is to enable the markets to catch up to current supply and demand problems and not to reintroduce command and control regulation that has helped to produce the current crisis.”

some energy experts believe that, without temporary price caps, the crisis will continue.

severin borenstein of the u.c. energy institute says,“some federal regulators have a blind commitment to making the market work and i think part of the problem is they really dont understand whats going on.”

gary ackerman of the western power trading forum says,“he’s dead wrong about that. the federal regulators understand far better than any individual state that, though it might be painful and it certainly is painful in california, price caps don’t work. they never work.”

16. the battle between californians and federal regulators is about .

a) control over the price of power

b) necessity of removing price caps

c) hiking the energy prices in california

d) a regulation concerning power supply

17. governor gray davis was dissatisfied with the federal regulatory commission because .

a) they did not know what the real problem was

b) they were living an easy life in an ivory tower

c) they could not experience the life in san diego

d) they turned a blind eye to the situation in california

18. the federal commission uncapped the energy price with the intention to .

a) help california’s economy booming steadily

b) prevent power price from going up any further

c) enable the market to deal with supply and demand problems

d) have contracts signed between power producers and the utilities

19. to help keep prices from going higher, people and groups in california .

a) imposed reasonable price caps

b) beat down the door of federal regulators

c) urged the federal authorities to take action

d) struggled against federal policy to hike prices

20. energy experts against price caps believe that .

a) the present situation in california will continue unless there is price control

b) the current crisis is partly attributed to previous command and control policy

c) price caps can temporarily solve energy problems an individual state meets with

d) they do understand what is going on in california and will take proper measures

passage three

questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

another cultural aspect of nonverbal communication is one that you might not think about: space. every person perceives himself to have a sort of invisible shield surrounding his physical body. when someone comes too close, he feels uncomfortable. when he bumps onto someone, he feels obligated to apologize. but the size of a person’s “comfort zone” depends on his cultural ethnic origin. for example, in casual conversation, many americans stand about four feet apart. in other words, they like to keep each other “at arms length”,people in latin or arab cultures, in contrast, stand very close to each other, and touch each other often. if someone from one of those cultures stands too close to an american while in conversation, the american may feel uncomfortable and back away.

when americans are talking, they expect others to respond to what they are saying. to americans, polite conversationalists empathize by displaying expressions of excitement or disgust, shock or sadness. people with a “poker face”, whose emotions are hidden by a deadpan expression, are looked upon with suspicion. americans also indicate their attentiveness in a conversation by raising their eyebrows, nodding, smiling politely and maintaining good eye contact. whereas some cultures view direct eye contact as impolite or threatening, americans see it as a sign of genuineness and honesty. if a person doesn’t look you in the eye, american might say, you should question his motives—or assume that he doesn’t like you. yet with all the concern for eye contact, americans still consider staring—especially at strangers—to be rude.

21. what the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about .

a) classification of nonverbal communication

b) the reasons why people should think about space

c) the relationship between communication and space

d) some other cultural aspects of nonverbal communication

22. how far people keep to each other while talking is closely associated with their .

a) origin b) culture c) custom d) nationality

23. when an italian talks to an arabian on informal occasions,.

a) he stands about four feet away

b) “comfort zone” does not exist

c) keeping close enough is preferred

d) communication barriers may emerge

24. a “poker face” (line 3,para. 2) refers to a face which is .

a) attentive b) emotional c) suspicious d) expressionless

25. in a conversation between friends, americans regard it as sincere and truthful to .

a) maintain direct eye contact

b) hide emotions with a deadpan expression

c) display excitement or disgust, shock or sadness

d) raise their eyebrows,nod and smile politely

passage four

questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

we all know that dna has the ability to identify individuals but, because it is inherited, there are also regions of the dna strand which can relate an individual to his or her family (immediate and extended), tribal group and even an entire population. molecular genealogy (宗谱学) can use this unique identification provided by the genetic markers to link people together into family trees. pedigrees (家谱) based on such genetic markers can mean a breakthrough for family trees where information is incomplete or missing due to adoption, illegitimacy or lack of records. there are many communities and populations which have lost precious records due to tragic events such as the fire in the irish courts during civil war in 1921 or american slaves for whom many records were never kept in the first place.

the main objective of the molecular genealogy research group is to build a database containing over 100,000 dna samples from individuals all over the world. these individuals will have provided a pedigree chart of at least four generations and a small blood sample. once the database has enough samples to represent the world genetic make-up, it will eventually help in solving many issues regarding genealogies that could not be done by relying only on traditional written records. theoretically, any individual will someday be able to trace his or her family origins through this database.

in the meantime, as the database is being created, molecular genealogy can already verify possible or suspected relationships between individuals. “for example, if two men sharing the same last name believe that they are related, but no written record proves this relationship, we can verify this possibility by collecting a sample of dna from both and looking for common markers (in this case we can look primarily at the y chromosome (染色体)),” explains ugo a. perego, a member of the byu molecular genealogy research team.

26. people in a large area may possess the same dna thread because .

a) dna is characteristic of a region

b) they are beyond doubt of common ancestry

c) dna strand has the ability to identify individuals

d) their unique identification can be provided via dna

27. the possible research of family trees is based on the fact that .

a) genetics has achieved a breakthrough

b) genetic information contained in dna can be revealed now

c) each individual carries a unique record of who he is and how he is related to others

d) we can use dna to prove how distant an individual is to a family, a group or a population

28. the molecular genealogy research group is building a database for the purpose of .

a) offering assistance in working out genealogy-related problems

b) solving many issues without relying on traditional written records

c) providing a pedigree chart of at least four generations in the world

d) confirming the assumption that all individuals are of the same origin

29. if two men suspected for some reason they have a common ancestor, .

a) we can decide according to their family tree

b) we can find the truth from their genetic markers

c) we can compare the differences in their y chromosome

d) we can look for written records to prove their relationship

30. which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?

a) we are a walking,living,breathing record of our ancestors

b) many american slaves did not know who their ancestors were.

c) an adopted child generally lacks enough information to prove his identity.

d) molecular genealogy can be used to prove a relationship between individuals.

part ⅲvocabulary(20 minutes)

directions: there are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. for each sentence there are four choices marked a),b),c)and d). choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.

31. wto is regarded by some countries as an access to foreign markets rather than as a for opening up the home market.

a) commerce b) committee c) commitment d) commission

32. we should recognize that every company and every person is part of a long of customers and suppliers.

a) pool b) line c) stream d) chain

33. today the small town is better against flood than it was 20 years ago.

a) protected b) prevented c) preserved d) prepared

34. did you mean i should keep the receipt? im afraid i have .

a) run it over b) torn it up c) taken it apart d) shaken it off

35. unlike photocopies of books, the digital copies are virtually in quality to the original.

a) similar b) identical c) resembling d) alike

36. the price of fresh vegetables according to the weather.

a) fluctuates b) increases c) soars d) maintains

37. your proposal looks good ,but i am not convinced it can be put into effect.

a) on paper b) at sight c) under cover d) in bulk

38. the government that refuses to meet the needs of its people must bear the .

a) results b) outcomes c) effects d) consequences

39. the elderly people in this country are entitled to a special heating allowance from the government when they pass the age of sixty.

a) claim b) declare c) inquire d) apply

40. the snow has been steadily for hours and the ground is completely covered.

a) showering b) dropping c) descending d) falling

41. the hostess went to great to make the child comfortable and feel at home.

a) efforts b) lengths c) heights d) details

42. you said the post office is on this block, can you be a bit more ?

a) particular b) specific c) abstract d) especial

43. his composition was so confusing that i could hardly make any of it whatsoever.

a) meaning b) message c) information d) sense

44. i am afraid that you have to alter your views in light of the tragic news that has just arrived.

a) optimistic b) distressing c) indifferent d) pessimistic

45. as the saying goes, reading without reflecting is like eating without .

a) chewing b) tasting c) digesting d) releasing

46. all of us did quite a good job but the teacher only him out for praise.

a) yelled b) singled c) selected d) pulled

47. without a sure supply of water, farming in that area remains at the of the weather.

a) disposal b) risk c) cost d) mercy

48. industrial communities should be close enough to crowded centers but enough to reduce potential dangers.

a) advanced b) reliable c) distant d) sophisticated

49. she had a guilty about not telling the police what had actually happened.

a) consciousness b) conscience c) consequence d) confusion

50. there is a beautiful of pine forest near my country house.

a) extension b) length c) spell d) stretch

51. we’ve all our time and effort in this plan, and we don’t want it to fail.

a) invested b) exhausted c) devoted d) assigned

52. the workers demands were，they only asked for a small raise in their wages.

a) general b) moderate c) partial d) numerous

53. you should know to spend all your money on those impractical fancy goods.

a) other than b) rather than c) more than d) better than

54. everybody seemed to have known about his scandal, only his wife was kept in the .

a) dark b) ignorance c) shade d) shadow

55. all students in the class a loud laugh when the professor told them a joke.

a) let up b) let down c) let off d) let out

56. it can be safely that there is no living beings on that planet.

a) resumed b) assessed c) assumed d) assured

57. there are certain when you have to interrupt people who are in the middle of doing something.

a) chances b) situations c) occasions d) opportunities

58. mother into the room and kissed her sleeping baby.

a) crept b) staggered c) rushed d) marched

59. the building started with a steel which was later filled in with bricks and concrete.

a) institution b) terminal c) sightseeing d) framework

60. this book does not have an structure. some parts are even contradictory .

a) integrated b) informed c) intensive d) inward

part ⅳcloze(15 minutes)

directions: there are 20 blanks in the following passage. for each blank there are four choices marked a),b),c)and d)on the right side of the paper. you should choose the one that best fits into the passage. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.

a food bank is the center of food collection and distribution in a community. this food usually 61 from grocery stores or manufacturers that have thousands of pounds of food to give 62 . food banks operate intricate and advanced warehousing operations, 63 food is collected, 64 and re-distributed to the community. traditionally, a food bank does not distribute food 65 to those in 66 . 67 ,food banks serve an 68 network of organizations in their 69 communities. these organizations serve one part of the 70 and know the needs of the people there. 71 ,working together, the food bank and the community organization can serve a greater 72 of people in the most efficient way.

many food banks provide 73 services. they 74 from after school feeding programs, 75 kids cafe,to community agriculture projects.

in the aftermath (其后的一段时期) of welfare reform, food banks throughout the country are raising private 76 to operate innovative programs and to 77 those who are hungry. every food bank strives to be a hunger advocate,producing 78 studies and tracking statistics, while lending their hands-on expertise to get legislation passed and ensuring that the 79 of domestic hunger is not lost in the shadow of an “ 80 boom”.

61. a) results b) collects c) comes d) gathers

62. a) away b) out c) over d) off

63. a) which b) where c) what d) how

64. a) accepted b) offered c) processed d) sorted

65. a) instantly b) directly c) voluntarily d) readily

66. a) need b) haste c) debt d) order

67. a) however b) otherwise c) instead d) certainly

68. a) abnormal b) optional c) imaginary d) extensive

69. a) individual b) respective c) special d) widespread

70. a) organization b) bank c) operation d) community

71. a) therefore b) nevertheless c) still d) conversely

72. a) amount b) deal c) number d) quantity

73. a) regular b) other c) daily d) depositing

74. a) change b) alter c) differ d) range

75. a) including b) providing c) managing d) distributing

76. a) demands b) properties c) funds d) plans

77. a) shelter b) feed c) clothe d) finance

78. a) poverty b) welfare c) hunger d) food

79. a) issue b) policy c) reform d) project

80. a) economical b) economics c) economy d) economic

part ⅴwriting(30 minutes)

directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter applying for a bank loan. you should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in chinese.

1． 你的基本情况

2． 你申请贷款的原因、数额及用途

3． 你如何保证专款专用以及你的还款打算

篇4：6月英语四级考前模拟试题（5）

Part I Writing

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Overseas Study at an Early Age. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:

1. 目前很多父母在子女高中毕业前就送他们出国学习

2. 形成这种趋势的原因

3. 我对些的看法

Oversea Study at an Early Age

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet1.

The Sky's Limit

Air travel is a rapidly growing source of greenhouse gases. But it is also an indispensable way of travel. The new A380 The double-decker A380, the biggest airliner the world has seen, landed at Heathrow last month to test whether London's main airport could handle the new 550-seater, due to enter commercial service at the end of this year. It was a proud moment for Britain's Rolls-Royce, the makers of the aircraft's Trent 900 engines. Rolls-Royce says the four Trents on the A380 are as clean and efficient as any jet engine, and produce “as much power as 3,500 family cars”. A simple calculation shows that the equivalent of more than six cars is needed to fly each passenger.

Take the calculation further: flying a fully laden A380 is, in terms of energy, like a 14km (nine-mile) queue of traffic on the road below. And that is just one aircraft. In 20 years, Airbus reckons, 1,500 such planes will be in the air. By then, the total number of airliners is expected to have doubled, to 22,000. The huge airplane alone would be pumping out carbon dioxide (CO2) at the same rate as 5 million cars.

That may not seem much compared with the 60 million vehicles that pour off assembly lines every year―or the 1 billion vehicles already on the world's roads. But whereas cars are used roughly for about an hour or so a day, jet airliners are on the move for at least 10 hours a day. And they burn tax-free, highoctane (1) 高能量的) fuel, which dumps hundreds of millions of tonnes of CO2 into the most sensitive part of the atmosphere.

Aviation is a relatively small source of the emissions blamed for global warming, but its share is growing the fastest. The evidence is strong. As a result, aviation is increasingly attracting the attention of environmentalists and politicians. Amid much controversy, CO2caps (最高限制) and carbon-trading could soon be used to help curb aircraft emissions.

Frequent flyers, free riders

Airlines are accused of having a free ride in terms of air pollution because they pay no tax on the fuel they use for international flights. Even though today's aircraft are about 70% more efficient than those of 40 years ago, concerns over emissions have grown. Despite booming demand for air travel, many airlines are losing money. Now green campaigners want people to think twice before they fly. The opposing voice is particularly loud in Europe, where low-cost carriers are expanding fast on busy shorthaul (2) 短距离) routes. The European Parliament will vote in July on a proposal to limit aircraft emissions.

America is deeply unhappy at the prospect of its airlines being affected. Sharon Pinkerton, a senior representative of the Federal Aviation Administration insisted, on a visit to Brussels last year, that American carriers should be exempted from the scheme. This sets the scene for another transatlantic aviation dispute, to add to the two bitter and long-running disputes over subsidies to Europe's Airbus and the liberalisation of air traffic between the two continents.

The airlines are growing nervous. The big international carriers represented by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) would rather Europe waited for the deliberations of a United Nations body, the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), which has set technical, legal and safety rules for more than 50 years. International aviation was excluded from the Kyoto protocol on global warming, but only on condition that, by theend of 2007, countries and airlines worked under the umbrella of ICAO to come up with a way of reducing emissions through a trading scheme.

Soon after the end of the Second World War the member governments of ICAO agreed that airlines should be free of fuel taxes. Some say this was to outlaw unilateral taxes that could distort markets, but others reckon it was done to boost the fledgling airline industry emerging from the fighting. The corollary was that aviation, unlike motor traffic and other forms of transport, would pay in a transparent manner for the infrastructure and services it required-air-traffic management, landing charges, flyover rights and so on. That was supposed to take care of the external costs. But no one in those days thought much about the environment. Counting the cost It was not until 1999 that the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) attempted to reduce the effect of aviation on the environment. Transport as a whole was judged to be responsible for about a quarter of the world's CO2 discharges. That makes it one of the biggest sources, alongside power generation and households, as a source of the gas. Within transport, aviation accounts for about 13%. Its contribution to total man-made emissions worldwide is said to be around 3%. So why all the fuss about so little? One reason is that high-altitude emissions are probably disproportionately damaging to the environment. The nitrogen oxides from jet-engine exhausts lead to the formation of ozone, another greenhouse gas. Contrails (飞行云) are also suspected of enhancing the formation of cirrus clouds, which some scientists think adds to the global warming effect. The IPCC estimated that the overall impact on global warming of aircraft could be between two and four times that of their CO2 emissions alone, though there is no scientific consensus about the size of this multiplier.

Naturally, the airlines choose to measure the greenhouse gases they produce in the way that casts them in the best light ― a trick they deploy on safety statistics, too. For instance, over half of aircraft accidents occur around take-off and landing. So accidents per passenger-mile compare very favourably with other means of transport. But at least one study has shown that, if accidents are measured per journey instead, aircraft are the second-most dangerous way of travelling, after motorcycles.

Likewise on greenhouse gases. IATA says an aircraft's fuel consumption is about the same as that of a family car, at 3.5 litres per 100 passenger-kilometres. So CO2 emissions are similar. But that is true only if the aircraft is full and the car's passenger seats are empty. And even then, a jumbo jet flying from London to Sydney would be like nearly 400 Volkswagen Polos each travelling just over 16,000km―the average distance a European drives in a year. In other words, although cars and aircraft discharge roughly the same amount of CO2for each passenger-kilometre, the aircraft travel an awful lot farther. Waiting to land

Crowded airports compound the problem. Busy runways at places such as Heathrow mean aeroplanes have to circle wastefully. The possibility of being held up ensures that pilots carry extra fuel, thereby increasing the aircraft's weight and, hence, its consumption of fuel. Other small changes could further save fuel and avoid carbon emissions: aircraft could be towed everywhere on the ground by electric vehicles. Consumers, too, can take a stand by voluntarily offsetting the carbon emissions associated with flying by paying, for instance, to have trees planted.

This week IATA said the net loss of the world's airlines in the past six years would amount to almost $44 billion. Carriers have been hit by terrorism, war, recession, the respiratory disease SAILS and soaring oil prices. There were hopes the industry could make a small profit in 2007, but having to pay for environmental costs could change that. Yet global warming is not something that airlines, or any other industry, can shake off for ever. Sooner or later, aviation will have to shoulder the burden it imposes on the planet.

1. This passage is mainly about how the development of airline industry has affected the environment through its greenhouse gases emission.

2. It is predicted that in 20 years, the huge airplanes alone would be pumping out carbon dioxide at the same rate as 5 million cars.

3. The author compares the effect of airliners on the environment and that of the cars and concluded that the effect ofthe former is less because the number of airplanes is much smaller than that of the cars.

4. In the past, aviation industry was the smallest source of greenhouse gases emission and thus did not attract people's attention.

5. Many airlines are having less profit today although there are more demand for air travel. 6. America is proposing an alternative plan to solve the problem of emission from airliners.

7. The airlines are mom and more nervous, and they want the problem be considered by IATA, a United Nations body.

8. ______as a whole was judged to be responsible for about a quarter of the world's carbon dioxide discharges.

9. Although aviation accounts for only 3% of the total man-made emission, its______ are believed to be disproportionately damaging to the environment.

10. During the past six years, airline industry has been hit by terrorism, war, ______which made the industry suffer a total loss of $44 billion.

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden and (47) overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, (48) both were already independent nations. Significant changes were ushered in, (49) they were not breathtaking. What happened was accelerated (50) rather than outright revolution. During the conflict, people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not (51) disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.

America's War of Independence heralded the birth of three modem nations. One was Canada, which (52) its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States; (53) was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer (54) for prisoners and debtors; the third newcomer―the United States ― based itself squarely on republican principles.

Yet even the political overturn was not so (55) as one might suppose. In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials, everywhere ousted, were (56) by a home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and parliament.

A) violent

B) seriously

C) revolutionary

D) evolution

E) another

F) and

G) replaced

H) repelled

I) other

J) received

K) but

L) severe

M) available

N) when

O) revolution

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A]、[B]、[C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

A study of facts and figures on development demonstrates that China has made remarkable social progress in a range of significant areas in the last 45 years.

China feeds and clothes 22 percent of the world's population with only seven percent of the world's farmland. The necessities of life food, clothing, goods for everyday use ― are now within reach of the majority of the Chinese people. Nutrition has improved greatly for both urban and rural residents.

The Chinese government has taken a series of measures to eliminate or reduce poverty, bringing down the number of poor in the rural population from 250 million in 1978 to only 80 million in 1994, even though this was a period in which China's population increased by over 100 million.

The per capita living area in cities and towns increased from 3.6 square meters in 1978 to 7.5 square meters in 1993. In rural areas the per capita housing has reached 20.8 square meters.

Educational developments have liberated millions of Chinese people from ignorance and illiteracy. In 1986 China instituted nine years of compulsory schooling, with the result that by 1993 school enrolment had reached 97.7 percent. Today, illiteracy among young and middle-aged people has dropped to only seven percent.

The state is taking measures to keep its labor force fully employed. In recent years the urban unemployment rate has remained between two and three percent. China has put strict controls on industrial pollution in an effort to improve the overall urban environment. Ecological methods of farming are being promoted and afforestation is being speeded up. In 1993 the country's forest coverage was 13.9 percent and 766 nature reserves covered a total of 661, 800 square kilometers.

China is working toward the goal of health care for everyone by the year 2000. In 1993 there were two hospital beds for every 833 people and two doctors for every 1,266 people. By now the immunization of children has reached 85 percent, and increased efforts are being made to monitor and control AIDS and venereal diseases.

57. What is an appropriate title for this passage?

[A] Fast Economic Development in China. [B] Social Development in China.

[C] The Current Chinese Society. [D] People's View on China's Reform.

58. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

[A] Chinese people account for 22 percent of the world's total population.

[B] The arable land in China constitutes seven percent of that of the world.

[C] Most Chinese people now can easily buy the necessities of life.

[D] Urban residents can eat nutritiously, but rural residents cannot.

59. What is mentioned as a difficulty of poverty elimination efforts by the passage?

[A] Slow economic development. [B] Vast area of land.

[C] Huge population increase. [D] Natural disaster.

60. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

[A] Educational developments have set millions of Chinese people free.

[B] After 1986, every child in China must receive an education of at least nine years.

[C] Nowadays, only 7% of young and middle-aged people cannot read or write.

[D] There is compulsory education for children now.

61. Which of the following is mentioned as an example of achievements in health care?

[A] Increasing budget and attention. [B] Preferential tax policy and incentives.

[C] Decreasing mortality rate and medicine price. [D] Ratio of hospital beds to patient.

篇5：6月英语四级考前模拟试题（4）

Part one Writing

Directions : For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Sounds in three paragraphs You have been given the first sentence of each paragraph .You should write at least 100 words .

Sounds

1)The world is filled with many sounds _____________

2)Some sounds are useful __________

3)But some sounds are harmful _________

Part threeReading Comprehension ( 35 minutes )

Directions : There are 4 passages in this part .Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements .For each of them there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) , D) . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center .

Question 21 to 35 are based on the following passage .

The beat generation mainly referred to the youth who were born and brought up around the Second World War . They showed their disdain ( ) for almost everything traditional , such as government authority , respect for parents , one’s duty , moral standards , and traditional customs . They developed a kind of absolute individualism and liberty. They preferred long hair , minidresses or close-fitting clothes to show off the figure . They advocated freedom of sex and cohabitation ( ) . Their influence could be seen from the fact that about one third of the American couples living together were not married by law . And the divorce rate was very high . The endless U.S wars abroad and sharp class struggle at home caused many American youths to develop a kind of cynicism . They doubted the existing social system , possibility of harmonious human relations , and the long-honored standard for correct behavior . They felt society overlooked their needs . Therefore , they refused to do any duty that was required of them by society . They declared “Don’t believe anyone over thirty .” All this came from the sick society . It’s wrong to imagine they all fought against capitalism in support of revolutionary things . Some of their ideas were even more decadent and impractical . It was an abnormal phenomenon in an abnormal society.

21. Based on the passage , how many of one hundred and twenty American couples of the beat generation practiced cohabitation .

A)about 20 couples B) about 40 couples C) about 60 couples D) about 30 couples

22. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage ?

A)The beat generation refused to do any duty

B)The beat generation was in support of almost everything traditional .

C)The beat generation believes no one except that he is over thirty .

D)The beat generation’s ideas were not impractical .

23. “Cynicism” in this passage most probably means ______.

A)a state of mind against realism

B) a state of mind doubting everything in existence.

C)a theory advocating mutual help

D)a theory advocating individualism

24. The reason why the beat generation refused to cooperate with society was ____.

A) they had no interest B) they found hard to cooperation with it

C)the laws block their way to do so . D) they thought their need was neglected .

25. This passage is mainly about _____.

A)the young Americans B) the generation gap .

C)the education of the young D) an American social phenomenon

Question 26 to 30 are based on the following passage .

Tress should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , the number of such reasons is small . Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches , and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from the tree to grow in its own way .

First , pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size . The object may be to get a tree of the right height , and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches , which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape . Secondly , pruning may be done to make the tree heavier . You may cut out diseased or dead wood , or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds . The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air . One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease , but it is a wound that will heal . Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die , so that there is a period when the tree is at risk . It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible . It is essential to make the area , which has been pruned smooth , and clean , for healing will be slowed down by roughness . You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops especially for this purpose . Pruning is usually done in winter , for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed . If this does happen , it is , of course , impossible to paint them properly .

26. Pruning should be done to _____.

A)make the tree grow taller . B) does not protect them form the wind

C)get rid of the small branches D) make the small branches thicker .

27. Trees become unhealthy if the gardener_______

A)allows too many branches to grow in the middle

B)does not protect them from the wind

C)forces them grow too quickly

D)damages some of the small side branches.

28 . Why is a special substance painted on the tree ?

A)to make a wound smooth .

B)to prevent disease entering a wound .

C)to cover a rough surface .

D) to help a wound to dry .

29. A good gardener prunes tree ____

A) at intervals throughout the year

B) as quickly as possible

C) occasionally when necessary

D) regularly every winter

30 . What was the author’s purpose when writing this passage ?

A)to give practical instruction for pruning a tree

B)to give a gardener description of pruning

C)to explain how trees develop disease

D)to discuss different methods of pruning

Question 31 to 35 are based on the following passage .

On Thursday afternoon Mrs.Carke , dressed for going out , took her handbag with her money and her key in it , pulled the door behind her to lock it and went to the over 60s Club . She always went there on Thursdays . It was a nice outing for an old woman who lived alone .

At six o’clock she came home , let herself in and at once smelt cigarette smoke in her house ? How ? Had someone got in ? She checked the back door and the windows . All were locked or fastened , as usual . There was no sign of forced entry .

Over a cup of tea she wondered whether someone might have a key that fitted her front door-“a master key” perhaps . So she stayed at home the following Thursday .Nothing happened . Was anyone watching her movements ? On the Thursday after that she went out at her usual time , dressed as usual , but she didn’t go to the club . Instead she took a short cut home again , letting herself in through her garden and the back door . She settled down to wait .

It was just after four o’clock when the front door bell rang . Mrs.Clarke was making a cup of tea at the time . The bell rang again , and then she heard her letter-box being pushed open . With the kettle of boiling water in her hand , she moved quietly towards the front door . A long piece of wire appeared through the letter-box , and then a hand . The wire turned and caught around the knob on the door-lock Mrs.Clark raised the kettle and poured the water over the hand . These was a shout outside , and the skin seemed to drop off the fingers like a glove . The wire fell to the floor , the band was pulled back , and Mrs.Clarke heard the sound of running feet . 31.Mrs.Clarke looked forward to Thursday because ___________. A)She worked at a club on Thursday B) She had visitors on Thursday C) She visited a club on Thursday D) a special visitor came on Thursday

32. If someone had made a forced entry ______.

A)Mrs. Clarke would have found a broken door or window .

B)He or she was still in the house

C)Things would have been thrown about

D)He or she would have needed a master key

33.On the third Thursday Mrs. Clarke went out _____.

A)because she didn’t want to miss the club again

B)to see if the thief was hanging about outside

C)to the club but then changed her mind

D)in an attempt to trick the thief

34.The lock on the front door was one which _____.

A)needed a piece of wire to open it

B)could be opened from outside without a key

C) couldn’t be opened without a key

D) used a knob instead of a key

35. The wire fell to the floor _______.

A)because Mrs. Clarke refused to open the door

B) when the man’s glove dropped off

C) because it was too hot to hold

D) because the man just wanted to get away

Question 36 to 40 are based on the following passage .

Disney World , Florida , is the biggest amusement resort in the world . It covers 24.4 thousand acres , and is twice the size of Manhattan .It was opened on October 1 , 1971 , five years later Walt Disney’s death , and it is a larger , slightly more ambitious version of Disneyland near Los Angeles . Foreigners tend to associate Walt Disney with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , and with his other famous cartoon characters , Mickey Mouse , Donald Duck and Pluto , or with his nature films , whose superb photography is spoiled , in the opinion of some , by the vulgarity of the commentary and musical background .

There is very little that could be called vulgar in Disney World . It attracts people of most taste and most income groups , and people of all ages , from toddlers to grandpas . There are two expensive hotels , a golf course , and forest trails for horseback riding and rivers for canoeing . But the central attraction of the resort is the Magic Kingdom .

Between the huge parking lots and the Magic Kingdom lies a broad artificial lake . In the distance rise the towers of Cinderella’s Castle , which like every other building in the Kingdom is built of solid materials . Even getting to the Magic Kingdom’s is quite and adventure . You have a choice of transportation . You can either cross the lake on a replica of a Mississippi paddle-wheeler , or you can glide around the shore in a streamlined monorail train .

When you reach the terminal , you walk straight into a little square which faces Main Street is late 19th century . There are modern shops inside the buildings ,but all the decades are of the period . There are hanging baskets full of red and white flowers , and there is no traffic except a horse-draw streetcar and an ancient double-decider bus . Yet as you walk through the magic Kingdom , you are actually walking on top of a network of underground roads . This is how the shops , restaurants and all the other material needs of the Magic Kingdom are invisibly supplied .

36. In which year did Walt Disney die ?

A)1971 B)1976 C)1966 D)1900

37. The main attraction of Disney World is _____.

A)the Severn Dwarfs B) Mickey Mouse C) Donald Duck D) The Magic World

38. Reaching the Magic Kingdom is _______.

A)Adventurous B) dangerous C) difficult D) easy

39. When one visits the biggest amusement in the world , one will find _____.

A)it is relatively cheap B) it is very expensive C) it just wastes his time D) it is vulgar

40 .Why is Disney World the most famous amusement resort ?

A)It is funny B) It is interesting C) It is the biggest one D) It is the most expensive

篇6：6月英语四级考前模拟试题（3）

Part I Writing

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Graduate School or Work? You should write at least 120 words following the instructions given below in Chinese:

目前，越来越多的大学生本科毕业之后选择继续进入研究生院学习。一个重要的原因是工作不太好找。那么你打算在大学毕业之后选择找工作还是准备继续上研究生呢?请就这个问题谈谈你的打算和主要原因。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet1.

Why We Laugh

We start finding things laughable ― or not laughable ― early in life. An infant first smiles at approximately eight days of age. Many psychologists assume this is his first sign of simple pleasure― food, warmth and comfort. At six months or less, the infant laughs to express complex pleasures―such as the light of Mother's smiling face. Between the ages of six months and one year, the baby learns to laugh for essentially the same reasons he will laugh throughout his life, says Dr. Jacob Levine, associate professor of psychology at Yale University. Dr. Levine says that people laugh to express mastery over an anxiety. Picture what happens when a father throws his child into the air. The child will probably laugh―but not the first time. In spite of his enjoyment of “flying”, he is too anxious to laugh. How does he know Daddy will catch him? Once the child realizes he will be caught, he is free to enjoy the game. But more importantly, says Dr. Levine, the child laughs because he has mastered an anxiety.

Adult laughter is more subtle, but we also laugh at what we used to fear. The feeling of achievement, or lack of it, remains a crucial factor. Giving a first dinner party is an anxious event for a new bride. Will the food be good? Will the guests get along? Will she be a good hostess? Will the knives and forks, cups and saucers be all right? All goes well; the party is over. Now she laughs freely. Her pleasure from having proved her success is the foundation for her pleasure in recalling the evening activities. She couldn't enjoy the second pleasure without the first, more important one―her mastery of anxiety.

Laughter is a social response triggered by cues. Scientists have not determined a brain center for laughter, and they are perplexed by patients with certain types of brain damage who go into laughing fits for no apparent reason. The rest of us require company, and a reason to laugh.

When we find ourselves alone in a humorous situation, our usual response is to smile. Isn't it hue that our highest compliment to a humorous book is to say that “it made me laugh out of loud”? Of course, we do occasionally laugh alone; but when we do, we are, in a sense, socializing with ourselves. We laugh at a memory, or at a part of ourselves.

Of course, we don't always need a joke to make us laugh. People who survive frightening situations, such as a fire or an emergency plane landing, frequently relate their story of the crisis with laughter. Part of the laughter express relief that everything is now all right. During a crisis, definitely, everyone mobilizes energy to deal with the potential problem. If the danger is avoided, we need to release that energy. Some people cry; others laugh.

When we are made the target of a joke, either on a personal or impersonal level, we are emotionally involved in it. Consequently, we won't be able to laugh.

Knowing that laughter blunts emotion, we can better understand why we sometimes laugh when nothing is funny. We laugh during moments of anxiety because we feel no mastery over the situation, claims Dr. Levine. He explains, “very often compulsive laughter is a learned response. If we laugh, it expresses good feelings and the fact that we are able to cope. When we're in a situation in which we can't cope, we laugh to reassure ourselves that we can!”

How often have we laughed at a funeral or upon hearing bad news? We laugh to deny an unendurable reality until we are strong enough to accept it. Laughter also breaks our tension. However, we may also be laughing to express relief that the tragedy didn't happen to us. We laugh before giving a big party, before delivering a speech, or while getting a traffic ticket, to say, “This isn't bothering me. See? I am laughing.”

But if we sometimes laugh in sorrow, more often we laugh with joy. Laughter creates and strengthens our social

bonds. And the ability to share a laugh has guided many marriages through hard periods of adjustment.

How could we manage a life with the absence of laugh? According to Dr. Levine, we can measure our adjustment to the world by our capacity to laugh. When we are secure about our abilities, we can laugh at the defects of our own character. If we can laugh through our anxieties, we will not be overpowered by them.

The ability to laugh starts early, but it takes a lifetime to perfect. Says Dr. Grotjahn, “when social relationships are mastered, when the individual has mastered...a peaceful relationship with himself, then he has...the sense of humor.” And then he can throw back his head and laugh. Both infants and adults laugh for the same reasons.

1. Giving your first dinner party is a source of laughter.

2. The cues that trigger laughter have been studied by scientists. 3. Ordinary people laugh a lot when they are alone.

4. If you escape from a dangerous situation you might cry.

5. When someone makes a joke about us we are able to share to joke. 6. Funerals are a good source of jokes.

7. It takes a lifetime to perfect the ability to laugh.

8. Laughter is a defense mechanism when reality is too hard or if we hear______.

9. A child of one and an old man laugh to show their______ of anxiety.

10. Laughter is a social glue that______ our relations.

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States. And in this process, he became one of the (47) men in America. His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of (48) during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their (49) .

Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their (50) for the benefit of society. He opposed charity, (51) instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to (52) themselves.

Among his more (53) contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history. He also founded a school of technology that is (54) part of Carnegie-Mellon University. Other philanthropic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to (55) understanding between nations, and the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research.

There are (56) Americans who have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity. His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.

A) preferring

B) presently

C) wealthiest

D) previously

E) few

F) investments

G) fortune

H) expanding

I) noteworthy

J) promote

K) help

L) shrinking

M) opting

N) obstruct

O) many

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A]、[B]、[C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Examinations have a longer history in China than in any other country, yet it is today an issue around in which controversy flourishes. At each stage of their school lives children are faced with exams: exams to enter junior middle school, senior middle school, vocational school, colleges and universities. As a result of having constantly to think of these hurdles facing them children find themselves under constant pressure, unable to take time off from studying exam-oriented subjects to relax with friends or to develop other interests. Within school the concentration on exam success leads to the neglect of courses which are not central to the examinations and a method of teaching and learning which emphasizes training the ability to do well in tests but neglects developing the ability to think creatively.

Despite such criticisms the examination system still has its defenders. Without it, they argue, how can we test students' abilities and evaluate the effectiveness of teachers and schools? They believe that they provide the only objective way of selecting students and reduce the exercise of unfair back-door practices to gain advantage for children on the basis of influence or corruption. Examinations are also felt to offer the impetus to students to master their subject in a way in which they otherwise might not. “While too much anxiety can be a bad thing, a little anxiety can stimulate students to learn better than if left without any test to pass,” says Li Jie, a leading advocate of the value of testing. “I can remember things now which give me great pleasure which I doubt I would have learned at the time if I had not had to do so for the examinations.”

57. Which of the following statements about examinations in China is correct?

[A] People can make money out of examinations.

[B] Only students of today have to take examinations.

[C] Students have to learn more about history than about any other subjects.

[D] People have different opinions concerning the value of examinations.

58. What is a possible result if students pay too much attention to examinations?

[A] Students neglect those exam-oriented subjects.

[B] Students are unable to relax with friends or to develop other interests.

[C] Teachers neglect the training of the students' ability to do well in tests.

[D] Students only pay attention to the development of their ability to think creatively.

59. Which of the following has NOT been mentioned as the advantage of examinations?

[A] Examinations are the only objective way of selecting students.

[B] Examinations are the only objective way to eliminate the problem of corruption.

[C] Examinations can tell us that too much anxiety can be a bad thing.

[D] Examinations can better stimulate students to study.

60. According to the passage, why are some people against exams?

[A] They are meaningless. [B] They will make students learn something useless.

[C] They are believed to cause stress for the students. [D] They are not related to the reality of life.

61. Which of the following is an acceptable summary of the organization of this passage?

[A] Discussing a problem in education. [B] Refuting a long held opinion.

[C] Persuading people to believe an idea. [D] Presenting a controversial issue and arguments from both sides.

篇7：6月英语四级考前模拟试题（2）

Part I Reading Comprehension (50)

Directions: In this section, there are 5 passages followed by five questions, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. You should choose the most appropriate answer and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage

Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles (困难). People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off (挡开) illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.

Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移…注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support―financial aid,material resources, and needed services―that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.

1. Interpersonal relationships are important because ________.

A) they are indispensable to people’s social well-being

B) they awaken people’s desire to exchange resources

C) they help people to cope with life in the information era

D) they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart disease, etc

2. Research shows that people’s physical and mental health ________.

A) relies on the social welfare systems which support them

B) has much to do with the amount of support they get from others

C) depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles

D) is closely related to their strength for coping with major changes in their lives

3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “cushions” (Line 1, Para. 2)?

A) Adds up to. B) Does away with. C) Lessens the effect of.D) Lays the foundation for.

4. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of ________.

A) instrumental support

B) informational support

C) social companionship

D) the strengthening of self-respect

5. Social companionship is beneficial in that ________.

A) it helps strengthen our ties with relatives

B) it enables us to eliminate our faults and mistakes

C) it makes our leisure-time activities more enjoyable

D) it draws our attention away from our worries and troubles

Passage Two

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage

There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do. In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.

What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained are same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的) peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.

Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent (进步). The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.

6. The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that ________.

A) their social roles are rigidly determined

B) most boys would like to follow their fathers’ professions

C) boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers

D) they like challenging activities

7. One aspect of “the universality of toys” lies in the fact that ________.

A) technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toys

B) the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universities

C) the exploration of the universe had led to the creation of new kinds of toys

D) the basic characteristics of toys are the same the world over

8. Which of the following is the author’s view on the historical development of toys?

A) The craftsmanship in toy-making has remained essentially unchanged.

B) Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries.

C) The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years.

D) Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child’s character.

9. Regarded as a kind of art form, toys ________.

A) follow a direct line of ascent B) also appeal greatly to adults

C) are not characterized by technological progress D) reflect the pace of social progress

10. The author uses the example of rattle to show that ________.

A) in toy-making there is a continuity in the sue of materials

B) even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technology

C) even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technology

D) even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the time

Passage Three

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage

Among all the animals, the ape is most like human beings. Both people and apes have the similar brain structure, the similar nerve system, and the similar kind of blood.

There are four kinds of apes: the chimpanzee(黑猩猩), the orangutan(猩猩), the gorilla(大猩猩), and the gibbon(长臂猿). They live in the deep forests and warm tropical regions of Africa and of Southeast Asia, including Indonesia.

All apes are covered with brown, reddish-brown, or black hair everywhere on their bodies except their faces, feet, and hands. Their hands each have four fingers and a thumb that helps them grip things the way our thumbs help us. But they also have a thumb on each foot instead of a big toe. Thus they can hold things with their feet also. Having short, weak legs, apes do not walk on the ground very much. However, their arms are very strong. This enables them to swing from branches and travel very quickly from tree to tree.

These animals live in small family groups that move from place to place in search of vegetables and fruits. They also eat eggs, small animals, nuts, and insects. When they are tired, they build nests in the trees. But they rarely sleep there for more than a night or two. Then they move on to look for more food.

There are some differences among the following three kids of apes. The gibbon is never more than three feet high and weight only about fourteen pounds. The gorilla grows to be six feet tall and weight up to 600 pounds. The orangutan is smaller than the gorilla. It stands three to five feet tall and weight up to 200 pounds.

Chimpanzees are the smartest of all apes. They can be taught to sit at a table and eat, to dress themselves, and to do things that human children can do.

11. What does the first paragraph tell us?

[A] The ape looks like human beings most.

[B] People and the ape think alike.

[C] People and the ape behave alike.

[D] The ape is the most intellectual animal in the world.

12. Which of the following sentences is TRUE?

[A] All apes are brown or black.

[B] All parts of apes' bodies are covered with hair.

[C] Apes have weak legs but very strong arms.

[D] Apes' arms are strong enough to swim.

13. Apes build nests in the trees but seldom sleep there for more than a night or two because ________.

[A] They like to live in small family groups

[B] They like to move from place to place in search of more food

[C] They like to eat eggs, small animals, nuts and insects

[D] it rains too often in the deep forests

14. Among the three kinds of apes, ________.

[A] the gorilla is the biggest

[B] the gibbon is only three feet high but it is heavier than the orangutan

[C] the orangutan is smaller than the gorilla and cleverer than the gibbon

[D] the orangutan can stand up to a great height, but others cannot

15. The last paragraph tells us that ________.

[A] chimpanzees can do better than human children

[B] chimpanzees can do many things that human children cannot do

[C] human children can do many things that chimpanzees cannot do

[D] the intelligence of chimpanzees is similar to that of human children

Passage Four

Questions 16 to 20are based on the following passage

A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three or four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasters are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts; to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time.

All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather condition existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “out-look” which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels which often set the stage for the development of air masses, fronts, and storms.

Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies. But the limitations of weather modification have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding of super?cooled, upslope mountainous winds which have produced additional rainfall on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements.

16. The observation of weather conditions by satellites is advantageous because it_______.

A. enables man to alter the weather B. makes weather prediction easier

C. gives the scientist information not obtained readily otherwise D. uses electronic instruments

17 . One characteristic of weather maps NOT mentioned by the author in this passage is

A. fronts

B. thermal changes C. Frost

D. wind speed

18. The thirty-day forecast is determined by examining_______.

A. daily weather maps B. upper air levels C. satellite reports D. changing fronts

19. At the present time, experiments are being conducted in_____

A. 30-day “outlook” B. controlling storms

C. controlling weather D. determining density of pressure groups

20. Artificial rainmaking has been most successful in the_______.

A. lake area

B. western slope of mountains

C. grass lands

D. windward side of mountains

篇8：6月大学英语四级阅读匹配模拟试题

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.

长篇阅读

Preparing for Computer Disasters

A) Summary: When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt. Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward.

B) Fires, power surges, and floods, they're all facts of life. We read about them in the morning paper and see them on the evening news. We sympathize with the victims and commiserate over their bad luck. We also shake our heads at the digital consequences―melted computers, system failures, destroyed data. Yet, somehow, many of us continue to live by that old mantra of denial: “It won't happen to me.” Well, the truth is, at some point you'll probably have to deal with at least one disaster. That's just how it goes, and in most aspects of our lives we do something about it. We buy insurance. We stow away provisions. We even make disaster plans and run drills. But for some reason, computer disaster recovery is a blind spot for many of us. It shouldn't be. Home computers contain some of our most important information, both business and personal, and making certain our data survives a disaster should be a priority. Moreover, even the smallest disaster can be a serious disruption. Personal computers have become an integral part of the smooth-running household. We use them to communicate, shop, and do homework, and they're even more vital to home office users. When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt. Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward. With a good offsite storage plan and the right tools, you can bounce back quickly and easily from minor computer disasters. And, should a major calamity strike, you can rest assured your data is safe.

Offsite Storage: Major Disasters

C) House fires and floods are among the most devastating causes of personal computer destruction. That's why a solid offsite backup and recovery plan is essential. Although many home users faithfully back up their hard drives, many would still lose all their data should their house flood our burn. That's because they keep their backups in relatively close to their computers. Their backup disks might not be in the same room as their computers―tucked away in a closet or even the garage―but they're not nearly far enough away should a serious disaster strike. So, it's important to back up your system to a removable medium and to store it elsewhere.

D) There are many ways to approach offsite storage. It starts with choice of backup tools and storage medium. Disaster situations are stressful, and your recovery tools shouldn't add to that stress. They must be dependable and intuitive, making it easy to schedule regular backups and to retrieve files in a pinch. They must also be compatible with your choice of backup medium. Depending on your tools, you can back up to a variety of durable disk types―from CDs to Jaz drives to remote network servers. Although many of these storage media have high capacity, a backup tool with compression capabilities is a big plus, eliminating the inconvenience of multiple disks or large uploads.

E) Once you select your tools and a suitable medium, you need to find a remote place to store your backups. The options are endless. However, no matter where you choose, be sure the site is secure, easily accessible, and a good distance away from your home. You may also want to consider using an Internet-based backup service. More and more service providers are offering storage space on their servers, and uploading files to a remote location has become an attractive alternative to conventional offsite storage. Of course, before using one of these services, make certain you completely trust the service provider and its security methods. Whatever you do, schedule backups regularly and store them far away from your home.

Come What May: Handling the Garden Variety Computer Crisis

F) Not all home computer damage results from physical disaster. Many less menacing problems can also hobble your PC or destroy your information. Systems crash, kids “rearrange” data, adults inadvertently delete files. Although these events might not seem calamitous, they can have serious implications. So, once again, it's important to be prepared. As with physical disasters, regular backups are essential. However, some of these smaller issues require a response that's more nuanced than wholesale backup and restoration. To deal with less-than-total disaster, your tool set must be both powerful and agile. For example, when a small number of files are compromised, you may want to retrieve those files alone. Meanwhile, if just your settings are affected, you'll want a simple way to roll back to your preferred setup. Yet, should your operating system fail, you'll need a way to boot your computer and perform large-scale recovery. Computer crises come in all shapes and sizes, and your backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to meet each challenge.

The Right Tools for the Right Job: Gearing up for Disaster

G) When disaster strikes, the quality of your backup tools can make the difference between utter frustration and peace of mind. Symantec understands this and offers a range of top quality backup and recovery solutions. Norton GoBack is the perfect tool for random system crashes, failed installations, and inadvertent deletions. With this powerful and convenient solution, it's simple to retrieve overwritten files or to bring your system back to its pre-crash state. Norton Ghost is a time-tested home office solution. Equipped to handle full-scale backups, it's also handy for cloning hard drives and facilitating system upgrades. A favorite choice for IT professionals, it's the ideal tool for the burgeoning home office. You can buy Norton Ghost and Norton GoBack separately, or get them both when you purchase Norton System Works.

H) Life's disasters, large and small, often catch us by surprise. However, with a little planning and the right tools, you can reduce those disasters to bumps in the road. So, don't wait another day. Buy a good set of disaster recovery tools, set up an automatic backup schedule, and perform a dry run every now and again. Then, rest easy.

对应题目：

1. You should take steps to recover from computer disasters so as to minimize their effects.

2. For some reason, computer disaster recovery is always ignored by many of us.

3. You can bounce back quickly and easily minor computer disasters with the help of a good offsite storage plan and the right tools.

4. The most devastating causes of personal computer destruction includes house fires and floods.

5. It's necessary for us to back up our systems to some transferable medium and to put it somewhere else.

6. You should find a distant place to store your backups after selecting your tools and a suitable medium.

7. Not only physical disaster can damage your computer.

8. The backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to deal with various computer crises.

9. The quality of your backup tools determines whether you are frustrated or have a peaceful mind when disaster strikes.

10. You should prepare for your computer disasters now and again.

【答案参考：】

1. A 根据题干中的信息词recover from computer disasters定位到本文的第一段。

2. B 根据题干中的信息词computer disaster recovery和many of us定位到本文的第二段第11句话，computer disaster recovery is a blind spot for many of us。

3. B 根据题干中的信息词offsite storage plan and the right tools定位到本文的第二段倒数第二句话。

4. C 根据题干中的信息词most devastating causes定位到第一个小标题下第一段的第一句话可知原文提到了家庭火灾和水灾是个人电脑危机的最具毁灭性的根源。

5. C 根据题干中的信息词back up our system及medium定位到第一个小标题下第一段的最后一句话。

6. E 根据题干中的信息词find a remote place to store your backups定位到第一个小标题下第三段的第一句话。

7. F 根据题干中的信息词physical disaster定位到第二个小标题下的前两句话。

8. F 根据题干中的信息词backup and recovery tools及computer crises定位到第二个小标题下的最后一句话。

9. G 根据题干中的信息词The quality of your backup tools和frustrated定位到第三个小标题下第一段的第一句话。

10. H 根据题干中的信息词prepare for your computer，总结文章最后一段大意即可找到答案。

篇9：6月大学英语四级预测试题及答案

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for implementing the finding of science.

Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each.

Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comprehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover may shock or anger people-as did Darwin's theory of evolution. But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying overhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air; and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science progress, technology must be measured in terms of the human factor. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves. Technology must be humanistic if it is to lead to a better world.

21. The difference between science and technology lies in that _____.

A) the former provides answers to theoretical questions while the latter to practical problems

B) the former seeks to comprehend the universe while the latter helps change the material world

C) the former aims to discover the inter-connections of facts and the rules that explain them while the latter, to discover new designs and ways of making the things we use in our daily life

D) all of the above

22. Which of the following may be representative of science?

A) The improvement of people's life.

B) The theory of people's life.

C) Farming tools.

D) Mass production.

23. According to the author, scientific theories _____.

A) must be strictly objective

B) usually take into consideration people's likes and dislikes

C) should conform to popular opinions

D) always appear in perfect and finished forms

24. The author states that technology itself _____.

A) is responsible for widespread pollution and resource exhaustion

B) should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselves

C) will lead to a better world if put to wise use

D) will inevitably be for bad purpose

25. The tone of the author in this passage is _____.

A) positive

B) negative

C) factual

D) critical

Passage Two

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

Americans have always been ambivalent in their attitudes toward education. On the one hand, free and universal public education was seen as necessary in a democracy, for how else would citizens learn how to govern themselves in a responsible way? On the other hand, America was always a country that offered financial opportunities for which education was not needed: on the road from rags to riches, schooling-beyond the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic-was an unnecessary detour.

Even today, it is still possible for people to achieve financial success without much education, but the number of situations in which this is possible is decreasing. In today's more complex world, the opportunities for financial success is closely related to the need for education, especially higher education.

Our society is rapidly becoming one whose chief product is information, and dealing with this information requires more and more specialized education. In other words, we grow up learning more and more about fewer and fewer subjects.

In the future, this trend is likely to continue. Tomorrow's world will be even more complex than today's world, and, to manage this complexity, even more specialized education will be needed.

26. The topic treated in this passage is _____.

A) education in general

B) Americans' attitudes

C) higher education

D) American education

27. Americans' attitudes toward education have always been _____.

A) certain B) contradictory

C) ambitious D) unclear

28. Today, financial success is closely related to the need for _____.

A) higher education B) public education

C) responsible citizens D) learning the basics

29. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _____.

A) information is our only product

B) education in the future will be specialized

C) we are entering an age of information

D) we are living in an age of information

30. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A) The History of American Education.

B) The Need for Specialized Education.

C) The Future of the American Educational System.

D) Attitudes toward American Education.

篇10：6月大学英语六级模拟试题及答案

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Travel-mate Wanted. You should write at least 150 word following the outline given below:

假设你是李明，假期即将到来，你打算做一次为期三周的旅行，希望找个外国朋友作为游伴(Travel-mate)。拟一个寻游伴的启事，交代清楚日程安排、费用分担情况、对对方的要求等，并说明对方和你一起出游的好处。

Travel-mate Wanted

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-4, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Is College Really Worth the Money?

The Real World

Este Griffith had it all figured out. When she graduated from the University of Pittsburgh in April 2001, she had her sights set on one thing: working for a labor union.

The real world had other ideas. Griffith left school with not only a degree, but a boatload of debt. She owed $15,000 in student loans and had racked up $4,000 in credit card debt for books, groceries and other expenses. No labor union job could pay enough to bail her out.

So Griffith went to work instead for a Washington, D.C. firm that specializes in economic development. Problem solved? Nope. At age 24, she takes home about $1,800 a month, $1,200 of which disappears to pay her rent. Add another $180 a month to retire her student loans and $300 a month to whittle down her credit card balance. “You do the math,” she says.

Griffith has practically no money to live on. She brown-bags(自带午餐)her lunch and bikes to work. Above all, she fears she'll never own a house or be able to retire. It's not that she regrets getting her degree. “But they don't tell you that the trade-off is the next ten years of your income,” she says.

That's precisely the deal being made by more and more college students. They're mortgaging their futures to meet soaring tuition costs and other college expenses. Like Griffith, they're facing a one-two punch at graduation: hefty(深重的)student loans and smothering credit card debt―not to mention a job market that, for now anyway, is dismal.

“We are forcing our children to make a choice between two evils,” says Elizabeth Warren, a Harvard Law professor and expert on bankruptcy. “Skip college and face a life of diminished opportunity. or go to college and face a life shackled(束缚)by debt.”

Tuition Hikes

For some time, colleges have insisted their steep tuition hikes are needed to pay for cutting-edge technologies, faculty and administration salaries, and rising health care costs. Now there's a new culprit(犯人): shrinking state support. Caught in a severe budget crunch, many states have sharply scaled back their funding for higher education.

Someone had to make up for those lost dollars. And you can guess who―especially if you live in Massachusetts, which last year hiked its tuition and fees by 24 percent, after funding dropped by 3 percent, or in Missouri, where appropriations(拨款)fell by 10 percent, but tuition rose at double that rate. About one-third of the states, in fact, have increased tuition and fees by more than 10 percent.

One of those states is California, and Janet Burrell's family is feeling the pain. A bookkeeper in Torrance, Burrell has a daughter at the University of California at Davis Meanwhile, her sons attend two-year colleges because Burrell can't afford to have all of them in four-year schools at once.

Meanwhile, even with tuition hikes, California's community colleges are so strapped for cash they dropped thousands of classes last spring. The result: 54,000 fewer students.

Collapsing Investments

Many families thought they had a surefire plan: even if tuition kept skyrocketing, they had invested enough money along the way to meet the costs. Then a funny thing happened on the way to Wall Street. Those investments collapsed with the stock market. Among the losers last year: the wildly popular “529” plans―federal tax-exempt college savings plans offered by individual states, which have attracted billions from families around the country. “We hear from many parents that what they had set aside declined in value so much that they now don't have enough to see their students through,” says Penn State financial aid director Anna Griswold, who witnessed a 10 percent increase in loan applications last year. Even with a market that may be slowly recovering, it will take time, perhaps several years, for people to recoup(补偿)their losses.

Nadine Sayegh is among those who didn't have the luxury of waiting for her college nest egg to grow back. Her father had invested money toward her tuition, but a large chunk of it vanished when stocks went south. Nadine was then only partway through college. By graduation, she had taken out at least $10,000 in loans, and her mother had borrowed even more on her behalf. Now 22, Nadine is attending law school, having signed for yet more loans to pay for that. “There wasn't any way to do it differently,” she says, “and I'm not happy about it. I've sat down and calculated how long it will take me to pay off everything. I'll be 35 years old.” That's if she's very lucky: Nadine based her calculation on landing a job right out of law school that will pay her at least $120,000 a year.

Dependent on Loans and Credit Cards

The American Council on Education has its own calculation that shows how students are more and more dependent on loans. In just five years, from 1995 to 2000, the median loan debt at public institutions rose from $10,342 to $15,375. Most of this comes from federal loans, which Congress made more tempting in 1992 by expanding eligibility (home equity no longer counts against your assets) and raising loan limits (a dependent undergraduate can now borrow up to $23,000 from the federal government).

But students aren't stopping there. The College Board estimates that they also borrowed $4.5 billion from private lenders in the 2000-2001 academic year, up from $1.5 billion just five years earlier.

For lots of students, the worst of it isn't even the weight of those direct student loans. It's what they rack up on all those plastic cards in their wallets. As of two years ago, according to a study by lender Nellie Mae, more than eight out of ten undergrads had their own credit cards, with the typical student carrying four. That's no big surprise, given the in-your-face marketing by credit card companies, which set up tables on campus to entice(诱惑)students to sign up. Some colleges ban or restrict this hawking, but others give it a boost. You know those credit cards emblazoned with a school's picture or its logo? For sanctioning such a card―a must-have for some students―a college department or association gets payments from the issuer. Meanwhile, from freshman year to graduation, according to the Nellie Mae study, students triple the number of credit cards they own and double their debt on them. As of 2001, they were in the hole an average $2,327.

A Wise Choice?

One day, Moyer sat down with his mother, Janne O'Donnell, to talk about his goal of going to law school. Don't count on it, O'Donnell told him. She couldn't afford the cost and Moyer doubted he could get a loan, given how much he owed already. “He said he felt like a failure,” O'Donnell recalls. “He didn't know how he had gotten into such a mess.”

A week later, the 22-year-old hanged himself in his bedroom, where his mother found him. O'Donnell is convinced the money pressures caused his suicide. “Sean tried to pay his debts off,” she says. “And he couldn't take it.”

To be sure, suicides are exceedingly rare. But despair is common, and it sometimes leads students to rethink whether college was worth it. In fact, there are quite a few jobs that don't require a college degree, yet pay fairly well. On average, though, college graduates can expect to earn 80 percent more than those with only a high school diploma. Also, all but two of the 50 highest paying jobs (the exceptions being air traffic controllers and nuclear power reactor operators) require a four-year college degree. So foregoing a college education is often not a wise choice.

Merit Mikhail, who graduated last June from the University of California, Riverside, is glad she borrowed to get through school. But she left Riverside owing $20,000 in student loans and another $7,000 in credit card debt. Now in law school, Merit hopes to become a public-interest attorney, yet she may have to postpone that goal, which bothers her. To handle her debt, she'll probably need to start with a more lucrative(有利的)legal job.

Like so many other students. Mikhail took out her loans on a kind of blind faith that she could deal with the consequences. “You say to yourself, 'I have to go into debt to make it work, and whatever it takes later, I'll manage.'” Later has now arrived, and Mikhail is finding out the true cost of her college degree.

1. Griffith worked for a firm that specialized in economic development in Washington D.C. because she needed money to pay for her debt.

2. The only problem the students are facing at graduation is the dismal job market.

3. One reason why colleges increase tuition and fees is that the state support is shrinking.

4. Nearly all the families can manage to meet the soaring tuition costs through various investment plans.

5. According to Nadine's calculation, she can pay off all her debt when she is ________ if she can get a salary of $120,000 a year right out of law school.

6. Students get money from not only federal loans but also ________.

7. The college department or association can get payments from the issuer if it sanctions credit cards decorated with ________.

8. O'Donnell thinks that the cause of her 22-year-old son's suicide is ________.

9. The author says that foregoing a college education is often not a wise choice because ________ of the 50 highest paying jobs require a four-year college degree except for air traffic controllers and nuclear power reactor operators.

10. Merit will have to start with a more lucrative legal job instead of her favorite position―a public-interest attorney because she has to ________.

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2.

Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.

Scientists say they have high hopes for a drug that could one day provide a new form of treatment for HIV-AIDS. A compound, which interferes with an elusive protein used by the HIV virus to infect human cells, has worked extremely well in monkeys. If the drug proves effective in human trials, scientists say, it could bolster(加强)the effectiveness of two existing AIDS drugs, particularly in fighting drug-resistant strains of the virus.

Researchers at the pharmaceutical(制药的)company Merck are very excited about an experimental drug, which has worked as well in monkeys infected with a primate version of the virus as any of the existing anti-AIDS drugs.

It works by blocking one of three proteins, or enzymes, the HIV virus uses to gain entrance into and infect human immune system cells.

Inhibitor drugs have been developed to block two of the proteins, to slow progression of the disease after infection. They have become standard therapy as a “cocktail” for people infected with HIV.

Those enzymes are reverse transcriptase (转录酶)and protease(蛋白酶). The first converts the virus' genetic material into that of its host cells. The second chops up the resulting larger proteins into smaller pieces, producing smaller viral particles that infect new cells.

The third prong of cellular attack is a protein called integrase(整合酶), which experts say has been harder to block. Once HIV fools host cells by changing its genetic information so it can enter them, integrase acts like a cut and paste operation in a word processor, deleting an immune cell's genetic material and replacing it with its own.

An integrase inhibitor would give doctors a third line of attack against HIV infection, according to virologist Daria Hazuda of the division of Virus and Cell Biology at Merck.

“This would offer a third class of anti-retroviral medications that can be combined with reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors. And since it is a new mechanism of action, these compounds are active against multi-drug resistant variants. So variants that are resistant to all current therapies have been selected in HIV-patients,” she said.

Current anti-AIDS drugs eventually become resistant to therapy, or stop working, because the virus changes its shape.

While researchers are encouraged by the success with the compound's effectiveness in monkey trials, developing a drug that is equally effective in humans can be difficult.

Steven Young is executive director of the Department of Medicinal Chemistry at Merck. He says, if scientists find a compound that is equally effective in people, the company would ask U.S. regulators to speed approval of the drug.

“Yeah, I really think that's what we're hoping for,” he said. “I mean, we need to get data that show it has robust anti-viral effects in people. And if we're able to get that data, I think we would petition for fast track status.”

Dr. Young says an integrase inhibitor has the potential to prevent drug resistance.

“To ensure our best chance of preventing resistance, we would give this as part of a cocktail therapy,” he added. “And I think it's really our plan that we would test this with reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors, as well.”

47. If the drug proves effective in human trials, it could enhance the effectiveness of existing AIDS drugs in ________.

48. What has become standard cocktail therapy?

49. While integrase deletes an immune cell's genetic material and replaces it with its own, it acts like ________ in a word processor.

50. Why would anti-AIDS drugs stop working?

51. According to Steven Young, if scientists get the data that ________, they would petition for fast track status.

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Occasional self-medication has always been part of normal living. The making and selling of drugs have a long history and are closely linked, like medical practice itself, with the belief in magic. Only during the last hundred years or so has the development of scientific techniques made it possible for some of the causes of symptoms to be understood, so that more accurate diagnosis has become possible. The doctor is now able to follow up the correct diagnosis of many illnesses with specific treatment of their causes. In many other illnesses, of which the causes remain unknown, it is still limited, like the unqualified prescriber, to the treatment of symptoms. The doctor is trained to decide when to treat symptoms only and when to attack the cause: this is the essential difference between medical prescribing and self-medication.

The advance of technology has brought about much progress in some fields of medicine, including the development of scientific drug therapy. In many countries public health organization is improving and people's nutritional standards have risen. Parallel with such beneficial trends have two adverse effects. One is the use of high-pressure advertising by the pharmaceutical industry, which has tended to influence both patients and doctors and has led to the overuse of drugs generally. The other is the emergence of the sedentary society with its faulty ways of life: lack of exercise, over-eating, unsuitable eating, insufficient sleep, excessive smoking and drinking. People with disorders arising from faulty habits such as these, as well as from unhappy human relationships, often resort to self-medication and so add the taking of pharmaceuticals to the list. Advertisers go to great lengths to catch this market.

Clever advertising, aimed at chronic sufferers who will try anything because doctors have not been able to cure them, can induce such faith in a preparation, particularly if steeply priced, that it will produce―by suggestion―a very real effect in some people. Advertisements are also aimed at people suffering from mild complaints such as simple colds and coughs, which clear up by themselves within a short time.

These are the main reasons why laxatives, indigestion remedies, painkillers, tonics, vitamin and iron tablets and many other preparations are found in quantity in many households. It is doubtful whether taking these things ever improves a person's health; it may even make it worse. Worse because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent on them; worse because they might be taken in excess; worse because they may cause poisoning, and worse of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be masked and therefore medical help may not be sought.

52. The first paragraph is intended to ________.

[A] suggest that self-medication has a long history

[B] define what diagnosis means exactly

[C] praise doctors for their expertise

[D] tell the symptoms from the causes

53. Advertisements are aimed at people suffering from mild complaints because ________.

[A] they often watch ads on TV

[B] they are more likely to buy the drugs advertised

[C] they generally lead a sedentary life

[D] they don't take to sports and easily catch colds

54. Paragraphs 2 and 3 explain ________.

[A] those good things are not without side effects

[B] why clever advertising is so powerful

[C] why in modern times self-medication is still practised

[D] why people develop faulty ways of life

55. The author tells us in paragraph 4 ________.

[A] the reasons for keeping medicines at home

[B] people's doubt about taking drugs

[C] what kind of medicine people should prepare at home

[D] the possible harms self-medication may do to people

56. The best title for the passage would be ________.

[A] Medical Practice [B] Clever Advertising

[C] Self-Medication [D] Self-Treatment

篇11：6月大学英语四级考试试题及答案

part i listening comprehension (20 minutes)

section a

directions: in this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. at the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. after each question there will be a pause. during the pause, you must read the four choices marked a), b), c) and d), and decide which is the best answer. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.

example: you will hear:

you will read:

a) at the office.

b) in the waiting room.

c) at the airport.

d) in a restaurant.

from the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. this is most likely to have taken place at the office. therefore, a) “at the office” is the best answer. you should choose [a] on the answer sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.

sample answer [a] [b] [c] [d]

1. a) his father.

b) his mother.

c) his brother.

d) his sister.

2. a) a job opportunity.

b) a position as general manager.

c) a big travel agency.

d) an inexperienced salesman.

3. a) having a break.

b) continuing the meeting.

c) moving on to the next item.

d) waiting a little longer.

4. a) the weather forecast says it will be fine.

b) the weather doesn’t count in their plan.

c) they will not do as planned in case of rain.

d) they will postpone their program if it rains.

5. a) he wishes to have more courses like it.

b) he finds it hard to follow the teacher.

c) he wishes the teacher would talk more.

d) he doesn’t like the teacher’s accent.

6. a) go on with the game.

b) draw pictures on the computer.

c) review his lessons.

d) have a good rest.

7. a) she does not agree with jack.

b) jack’s performance is disappointing.

c) most people will find basketball boring.

d) she shares jack’s opinion.

8. a) the man went to a wrong check-in counter.

b) the man has just missed his flight.

c) the plane will leave at 9:14.

d) the plane’s departure time remains unknown.

9. a) at a newsstand.

b) at a car dealer’s

c) at a publishing house.

d) at a newspaper office.

10. a) he wants to get a new position.

b) he is asking the woman for help.

c) he has left the woman a good impression.

d) he enjoys letter writing.

section b

directions: in this section, you will hear 3 short passages. at the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a), b), c) and d). then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.

passage one

question 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.

11. a) they are interested in other kinds of reading.

b) they are active in voluntary services.

c) they tend to be low in education and in income.

d) they live in isolated areas.

12. a) the reasons why -people don’t read newspapers are more complicated than assumed.

b) there are more uneducated people among the wealthy than originally expected.

c) the number of newspaper readers is steadily increasing.

d) there are more nonreaders among young people nowadays.

13. a) lowering the prices of their newspapers.

b) shortening their news stories.

c) adding variety to their newspaper content.

d) including more advertisements in their newspapers.

passage two

questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.

14. a) a basket.

b) a cup

c) a egg.

d) an oven.

15. a) to let in the sunshine.

b) to serve as its door.

c) to keep the nest cool.

d) for the bird to lay eggs.

16. a) branches.

b) grasses.

c) mud.

d) straw.

17. a) some are built underground.

b) some can be eaten.

c) most are sewed with grasses.

d) most are dried by the sun.

passage three

questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.

18. a) to examine the chemical elements in the ice age.

b) to look into the pattern of solar wind activity.

c) to analyze the composition of different trees.

d) to find out the origin of carbon-14 on earth.

19. a) the lifecycle of trees.

b) the number of trees.

c) the intensity of solar burning.

d) the quality of air.

20. a) it affects the growth of trees.

b) it has been increasing since the ice age.

c) it is determined by the chemicals in the air.

d) it follows a certain cycle.

part ii reading comprehension (35 minutes)

direction: there are 4 passages in this part. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a), b) c) and d). you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.

passage one

questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

in the 1960s, medical researchers thomas holmes and richard rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. they appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. negative events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. when you take the holmes-rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress - it only shows how much you have to deal with. and we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.

by the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed holmes and rahe. and millions of americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. women’s magazines ran headlines like “stress causes illness!” if you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events.

but such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. even if stressful events are dangerous, many - like the death of a loved one - are impossible to avoid. moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.

the notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. it assumes we’re all vulnerable (脆弱的) and passive in the face of adversity (逆境). but what about human initiative and creativity? many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. we also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and metal strain.

21. the result of holmes-rahe’s medical research tells us __________.

a) the way you handle major events may cause stress

b) what should be done to avoid stress

c) what kind of event would cause stress

d) how to cope with sudden changes in life

22. the studies on stress in the early 1970’s led to _________.

a) widespread concern over its harmful effects

b) great panic over the mental disorder it could cause

c) an intensive research into stress-related illnesses

d) popular avoidance of stressful jobs

23. the score of the holmes-rahe test shows ________.

a) how much pressure you are under

b) how positive events can change your life

c) how stressful a major event can be

d) how you can deal with life-changing events

24. why is “such simplistic advice” (line 1, para. 3) impossible to follow?

a) no one can stay on the same job for long.

b) no prescription is effective in relieving stress.

c) people have to get married someday.

d) you could be missing opportunities as well.

25. according to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become ________.

a) nervous when faced with difficulties

b) physically and mentally strained

c) more capable of coping with adversity

d) indifferent toward what happens to them

passage two

questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

most episodes of absent-mindedness - forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room - are caused by a simple lack of attention, says schacter. “you’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply.”

encoding, schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. if you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe (衣柜). “your memory itself isn’t failing you,” says schacter. “rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.”

lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “a man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,” says zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.

visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says schacter. “but be sure the cue is clear and available,” he cautions. if you want to remember to take a medication (药物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table - don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.

another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. most likely, you were thinking about something else. “everyone does this from time to time,” says zelinski. the best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.

26. why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?

a) it helps us understand our memory system better.

b) it enables us to recall something form our memory.

c) it expands our memory capacity considerably.

d) it slows down the process of losing our memory.

27. one possible reason why women have better memories than men is that ________.

a) they have a wider range of interests

b) they are more reliant on the environment

c) they have an unusual power of focusing their attention

d) they are more interested in what’s happening around them

28. a note in the pocket can hardly serve as a reminder because _________.

a) it will easily get lost

b) it’s not clear enough for you to read

c) it’s out of your sight

d) it might get mixed up with other things

29. what do we learn from the last paragraph?

a) if we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another.

b) memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.

c) repetition helps improve our memory.

d) if we keep forgetting things, we’d better return to where we were.

30. what is the passage mainly about?

a) the process of gradual memory loss.

b) the causes of absent-mindedness.

c) the impact of the environment on memory.

d) a way if encoding and recalling.

passage three

questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

it is hard to track the blue whale, the ocean’s largest creature, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. attaching radio devices to it is difficult, and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior.

so biologists were delighted early this year when, with the help of the navy, they were able to track a particular blue whale for 43 days, monitoring its sounds. this was possible because of the navy’s formerly top-secret system of underwater listening devices spanning the oceans.

tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.

earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely monitoring a deep-sea volcanic eruption (爆发) for the first time and that they plan similar studies.

other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures.

the speed of sound in water is roughly one mile a second - slower than through land but faster than through air. what is most important, different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds, focusing them in the same way a stethoscope (听诊器) does when it carries faint noises from a patient’s chest to a doctor’s ear. this focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean, especially low-frequency ones, can often travel thousands of miles.

31. the passage is chiefly about ________.

a) an effort to protect an endangered marine species

b) the civilian use of a military detection system

c) the exposure of a u.s. navy top-secret weapon

d) a new way to look into the behavior of blue whales

32. the underwater listening system was originally designed ________.

a) to trace and locate enemy vessels

b) to monitor deep-sea volcanic eruptions

c) to study the movement of ocean currents

d) to replace the global radio communications network

33. the deep-sea listening system makes use of ________.

a) the sophisticated technology of focusing sounds under water

b) the capability of sound to travel at high speed

c) the unique property of layers of ocean water in transmitting sound

d) low-frequency sounds traveling across different layers of water

34. it can be inferred from the passage that ________.

a) new radio devices should be developed for tracking the endangered blue whales

b) blue whales are no longer endangered with the use of the new listening system

c) opinions differ as to whether civilian scientists should be allowed to use military technology

d) military technology has great potential in civilian use

35. which of the following is true about the u.s. navy underwater listening network?

a) it is now partly accessible to civilian scientists.

b) it has been replaced by a more advanced system.

c) it became useless to the military after the cold war.

d) it is indispensable in protecting endangered species.

passage four

questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

the fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise (有氧操). millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize (获利) on this emerging interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. a number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. however, their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts. these fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially form the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits. in recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females. many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.

historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. however, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well. the american college of sports medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy americans. increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activity and fitness objectives of healthy people 2000: national health promotion and disease prevention objectives.

36. the word “spas” (line 3, para. 1) most probably refers to _________.

a) sports activities

b) places for physical exercise

c) recreation centers

d) athletic training programs

37. early fitness spas were intended mainly for __________.

a) the promotion of aerobic exercise

b) endurance and muscular development

c) the improvement of women’s figures

d) better performance in aerobic dancing

38. what was the attitude of doctors towards weight training in health improvement?

a) positive.

b) indifferent.

c) negative.

d) cautious.

39. people were given physical fitness tests in order to find out ________.

a) how ell they could do in athletics

b) what their health condition was like

c) what kind of fitness center was suitable for them

d) whether they were fit for aerobic exercise

40. recent studies have suggested that weight training __________.

a) has become an essential part of people’s life

b) may well affect the health of the trainees

c) will attract more people in the days to come

d) contributes to health improvement as well

part iii vocabulary and structure (20 minutes)

directions: there are 3.0. incomplete sentences in this part. for each sentence there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d). choose the one that best completes the sentence. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.

41. you would be ______ a risk to let your child go to school by himself.

a) omitting b) attaching

c) affording d) running

42. he is always here; it’s ______ you’ve never met him.

a) unique b) strange

c) rare d) peculiar

43. there has been a great increase in retail sales, ______?

a) does there b) isn’t there

c) hasn’t there d) isn’t it

44. we’d like to ______ a table for five for dinner this evening.

a) preserve b) retain

c) reserve d) sustain

45 although a teenager, fred could resist ______ what to do and what not to do.

a) being told b) telling

c) to be told d) to tell

46. the european union countries were once worried that they would not have ______ supplies of petroleum.

a) proficient b) efficient

c) potential d) sufficient

47. in fact, peter would rather have left for san francisco than ______ in new york.

a) to stay b) stayed

c) staying d) having stayed

48. he soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man of considerable

a) ability b) future

c) possibility d) opportunity

49. britain ahs the highest ______ of road traffic in the world - over 60 cars for every mile of road.

a) popularity b) density

c) intensity d) prosperity

50. how is it ______ your roommate’s request and yours are identical?

a) if b) so

c) what d) that

51. in my opinion, he’s ______ the most imaginative of all the contemporary poets.

a) in all b) at best

c) for all d) by far

52. he didn’t have time to read the report word for word: he just ______ it.

a) skimmed b) observed

c) overlooked d) glanced

53. the leader of the expedition ______ everyone to follow his example.

a) promoted b) reinforced

c) sparked d) inspired

54. what a lovely party! it’s worth ______ all my life.

a) remembering b) to remember

c) to be remembered d) being remembered

55. who would you rather ______ with you, george or me?

a) going b) to go

c) have gone d) went

56. the ______ goal of the book is to help bridge the gap between research and teaching, particularly between researchers and teachers.

a) intensive b) concise

c) joint d) overall

57. the owner and editor of the newspaper ______ the conference.

a) were attending b) were to attend

c) is to attend d) are to attend

58. we left the meeting, there obviously ______ no point in staying.

a) were b) being

c) to be d) having

59. their products are frequently overpriced and ______ in quality.

a) influential b) inferior

c) superior d) subordinate

60. the neighborhood boys like to play basketball on that ______ lot.

a) valid b) vacant

c) vain d) vague

61. these people once had fame and fortune; now ______ is left to them is utter poverty.

a) all that b) all what

c) all which d) that all

62. to our ______, geoffrey’s illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.

a) anxiety b) relief

c) view d) judgment

63. many people like white color as it is a ______ of purity.

a) symbol b) sign

c) signal d) symptom

64. the residents, ______ had been damaged by the fire, were given help by the red cross.

a) all of their homes b) all their homes

c) whose all homes d) all of whose homes

65. this research has attracted wide ______ coverage and has featured on bbc television’s tomorrow’s world.

a) message b) information

c) media d) data

66. i would never have ______ a court of law if i hadn’t been so desperate.

a) sought for b) accounted for

c) turned up d) resorted to

67. investigators agreed that passengers on the airliner ______ at the very moment of the crash.

a) should have died b) must be dying

c) must have died d) ought to die

68. the energy ______ by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.

a) transferred b) released

c) delivered d) conveyed

69. ______ their work will give us a much better feel for the wide differences between the two schools of thought.

a) to have reviewed b) having reviewed

c) reviewing d) being reviewed

70. during the process, great care has to be taken to protect the ______ silk from damage.

a) sensitive b) tender

c) delicate d) sensible

part iv short answer questions (15 minutes)

directions: in this part there is a short passage -with five questions or incomplete statements. read the passage carefully. then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).

as researchers learn more about how children's intelligence develops, they are increasingly sur­prised by the power of parents. the power of the school has been replaced by the home. to begin with, all the factors which are part of intelligence - the child's understanding of language, learning patterns, curiosity - are established well before the child enters school at the age of six. study after study has shown that even after school begins, children's achievements have been far more influenced by parents than by teachers. this is particularly true about learning that is language- related. the school rather than the home is given credit for variations in achievement in subjects such as science.

in view of their power, it's sad to see so many parents not making the most of their child's intelligence. until recently parents had been warned by educators who asked them not to educate their children. many teachers now realize that children cannot be educated only at school and parents are being asked to contribute both before and after the child enters school.

parents have been particularly afraid to teach reading at home. of course, children shouldn't be pushed to read by their parents, but educators have discovered that reading is best taught individually - and the easiest place to do this is at home. many four-and five-year-olds who have been shown a few letters and taught their sounds will compose single words of their own with them even before they have been taught to read.

questions: (注意：答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。

每条横线限写一个英语单词，标点符号不占格)

s1. what have researchers found out about the influence of parents and the school on children's intelli1gence?

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

s2. what do researchers conclude about children's learning patterns?

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

s3. in which area may school play a more important role?

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

s4. why did many parents fail to make the most of their children's intelligence?

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

s5. the author suggests in the last paragraph that parents should be encouraged to

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

part v writing (30 minutes)

directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic student use of computers. you should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below:

1. 上图所示为1990年、1995年、20某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化；

2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；

3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。

student use of computers

答案

1. d 2. a 3. a 4. d 5. b 6. c 7. a 8. d 9. d 10. a

11. c 12. d 13. c 14. b 15. b 16. c 17. a 18. a 19. c 20. d

21. c 22. a 23. a 24. d 25. c 26. b 27. d 28. c 29. a 30. b

31. b 32. a 33. c 34. d 35. a 36. b 37. b 38. c 39. a 40. d

41. d 42. b 43. c 44. b 45. a 46. d 47. b 48. a 49. b 50. d

51. d 52. a 53. d 54. a 55. d 56. d 57. c 58. b 59. b 60. c

61. a 62. b 63. a 64.d 65. c 66. d 67. c 68. b 69. c 70. c

s1. parents have greater influence than the school. /parent’s influence is greater than the school’s.

s2. they are established well before the age of six.

s3. science subjects.

s4. they were told by educators not to educate their children.

s5. teach reading at home.

篇12：6月大学英语四级考试试题及答案

part i listening comprehension (20 minutes)

section a

directions: in this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. at the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. after each question there will be a pause. during the pause, you must read the four choices marked a), b), c) and d), and decide which is the best answer. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.

example: you will hear:

you will read:

a) at the office.

b) in the waiting room.

c) at the airport.

d) in a restaurant.

from the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. this is most likely to have taken place at the office. therefore, a) “at the office” is the best answer. you should choose [a] on the answer sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.

sample answer [a] [b] [c] [d]

1. a) a math teacher and his colleague.

b) a teacher and his student.

c) a librarian and a student.

d) a student and his classmate.

2. a) tony thought the experiment was well done.

b) tony finished the experiment last night.

c) tony could not continue the experiment.

d) tony had expected the experiment to be easier.

3. a) she wants to save money to buy a piano.

b) the present apartment is too expensive.

c) she can’t put up with the noise.

d) she had found a job in a neighbouring area.

4. a) he has made great progress in his english.

b) he is not very interested in english songs.

c) he is a student of the music department.

d) he is not very enthusiastic about his english lessons.

5. a) in a car

b) on the street.

c) in a restaurant.

d) at home.

6. a) his injury kept him at home.

b) he was too weak to see the doctor.

c) he didn’t think it necessary.

d) he failed to make an appointment.

7. a) 5:10.

b) 5:00.

c) 4:30.

d) 5:15.

8. a) the man is talking with his boss.

b) the man needs help.

c) the man is complaining.

d) the man likes his job.

9. a) wear a new dress.

b) attend a party.

c) go shopping.

d) make a silk dress.

10. a) he exaggerated his part.

b) he played his part quite well.

c) he was not dramatic enough.

d) he performed better than the secretary.

section b compound dictation

directions: in this section, you will hear a passage three times. when the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. when the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from s1 to s7 with the exact words you have just heard. for blanks numbered from s8 to s10 you are required to fill in the missing information. you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

if you are a young college student, most of your concerns about your health and happiness in life are probably (s1) _____________________ on the present. basically, you want to feel good physically, mentally, and (s2) ________________________ now. you probably don’t spend much time worrying about the (s3) _____________________________ future, such as whether you will develop heart disease, or (s4) ________________________, how you will take care of yourself in your (s5) _________________________________ years, or how long you are going to live. such thoughts may have (s6) ___________________________ your mind once in a while. however, if you are in your thirties, forties, fifties, or older, such health-related thoughts are likely to become (s7) _____________________________ important to you.

(s8) ____________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ that will help you feel better physically and mentally. recently researchers have found that, even in late adulthood, exercise, strength training with weights, and better food can help elderly individuals significantly improve their health and add happiness to their life. (s9) ________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________, giving us the opportunity to avoid some of the health problems that have troubled them (s10) _____________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

part ii reading comprehension (35 minutes)

direction: there are 4 passages in this part. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a), b) c) and d). you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.

passage one

questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

people living on parts of the south coast of england face a serious problem. in 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. the sea had eaten into the soft limestone cliffs on which they had been built. while experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, sliding down the cliff and into the sea.

erosion（侵蚀）of the white cliffs along the south coast of england has always been a problem but it has become more serious in recent years. dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea.

angry owners have called on the government to erect sea defenses to protect their homes. government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. new sea walls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further along the coast, shifting the problem from one area to another. the danger is likely to continue, they say, until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is. meanwhile, if you want to buy a cheap house with an uncertain future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of england. you can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home.

11. what is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of england face?

a) the disappearance of hotels, houses and gardens.

b) the experts’ lack of knowledge.

c) the rising of the sea level.

d) the washing-away of limestone cliffs.

12. the erosion of the white cliffs in the south of england ___________________.

a) will soon become a problem for people living in central england

b) has now become a threat to the local residents

c) is quickly changing the map of england

d) can be stopped if proper measures are taken

13. the experts’ study on the problem of erosion can _____________________.

a) lead to its eventual solution

b) provide an effective way to slow it down

c) help to prevent it from worsening

d) warn people whose homes are in danger

14. it is not feasible to build sea defenses to protect against erosion because _____________.

a) it is too costly and will endanger neighbouring areas

b) the government is too slow in taking action

c) they will be easily knocked down by waves and currents

d) house agents along the coast do not support the idea

15. according to the author, when buying a house along the south coast of england, people should ___________________.

a) be aware of the potential danger involved

b) guard against being cheated by the house agent

c) take the quality of the house into consideration

d) examine the house carefully before making a decision

passage two

questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:

sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes（运动员）. stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.

the early years of development are critical years for learning abut oneself. the sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a flaw（缺陷）in themselves.

coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. the outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. in today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances. positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.

16. an effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is __________________.

a) to make sports less competitive

b) to make sports more challenging

c) to reduce their mental stress

d) to increase their sense of success

17. according to the passage sport is positive for young people in that _____________.

a) it can help them learn more about society

b) it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves

c) it enables them to find flaws in themselves

d) it can provide them with valuable experiences

18. many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes ________.

a) without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidence

b) in order to make them remember life’s lessons

c) believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development

d) so as to put more pressure on them

19. according to the passage parents and coaches should _______________.

a) help children to win every game

b) pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports

c) enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports

d) train children to cope with stress

10. the author’s purpose in writing the passage is _________________.

a) to persuade young children not to worry about criticism

b) to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children

c) to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement

d) to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout

passage three

questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. yet occurrences of shortages and droughts（干旱）are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. since the world’ population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.

but that doesn’t have to be the outcome. water shortages do not have to trouble the world - if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. we can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.

instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. this means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.

governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. for example. often the cheapest way to provide irrigation（灌溉）water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions（凹地）and pumping it to nearby cropland.

no matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water sue. rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.

21. what is the real cause of the potential water crisis?

a) the world population is increasing faster and faster.

b) half of the world’s water resources have been seriously polluted.

c) humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.

d) only half of the world’s water can be used.

22. as indicated in the passage, the water problem __________.

a) has been exaggerated by some experts in the field

b) is underestimated by government organizations at different levels

c) poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs

d) is already serious in certain parts of the world

23. according to the author, the water price should ___________.

a) correspond to its real value

b) be reduced to the minimum

c) stimulate domestic demand

d) take into account the occurrences of droughts

24. the author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to __________.

a) build big lakes to store water

b) construct big pumping stations

c) channel water from nearby rivers to cropland

d) build small and cheap irrigation systems

25. in order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to _______.

a) centralize the management of water resources

b) increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels

c) guarantee full protection of the environment

d) encourage local and regional control of water resources

passage four

questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

we can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. when it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular” coffee, and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). at one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity, and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). after a while, people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). sales went into a slight decline（衰退）when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).

the importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. the goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. one strategy is called market modification. it means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?

market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. a marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.

another product extension strategy is called product modification. it involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. american auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.

26. according to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will _________________.

a) decrease gradually

b) remain at the same level

c) become unstable

d) improve enormously

27. the first paragraph tells us that a new product is __________________.

a) not easily accepted by the public

b) often inferior to old ones at first

c) often more expensive than old ones

d) usually introduced to satisfy different tastes

28. marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to ____________.

a) promote its production

b) work out marketing policies

c) speed up its life cycle

d) increase its popularity

29. the author mentions the example of “backpacks” (line 4, para.2) to show the importance of _______________.

a) pleasing the young as well as the old

b) increasing usage among students

c) exploring new market sections

d) serving both military and civil needs

30. in order to recover their share of the world market, u.s. auto makers are ____________.

a) improving product quality

b) increasing product features

c) modernizing product style

d) re-positioning their product in the market

part iii vocabulary and structure (20 minutes)

directions: there are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. for each sentence there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d). choose the one that best completes the sentence. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.

31 by the time he arrives in beijing, we __________ here for tow days.

a) have been staying b) have stayed

c) shall stay d) will have stayed

32 according to the american federal government, residents of hawaii have the longest life __________: 77.2 years.

a) scope b) rank

c) span d) scale

33 the millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, __________ all practical value by the time they were finished.

a) had lost b) would lose

c) would have lost d) should have lost

34 as a public relations officer, he is said __________ some very influential people.

a) to have been knowing b) to be knowing

c) to have known d) to know

35 our hopes __________ and fell in the same instant.

a) aroused b) arose

c) raised d) rose

36 with the development in science and technology man can make various flowers __________ before their time.

a) be bloomed b) blooming

c) bloom d) bloomed

37 a season ticket __________ the holder to make as many journeys as he wishes within the stated period of time.

a) grants b) promises

c) entitles d) presents

38 __________ in the office had made a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience.

a) some b) anyone

c) one d) someone

39 in recent years much more emphasis has been put __________ developing the sutdents’ productive skills.

a) over b) onto

c) in d) on

40 only a selected number of landladies in the neighbourhood have been allowed by the university to take in __________.

a) residents b) inhabitants

c) lodgers d) settlers

41 the fire was finally brought under control, but not __________ extensive damage had been caused.

a) after b) before

c) since d) as

42 purchasing the new production line will be a __________ deal for the company.

a) profitable b) tremendous

c) forceful d) favorite

43 rod is determined to get a seat for the concert __________ it means standing in a queue all night.

a) provided b) whatever

c) even if d) as if

44 we hadn’t met for 20 years, but i recognized her __________ i saw her.

a) for the moment b) the moment when

c) at the moment when d) the moment

45 though he was born and brought up in america, he can speak __________ chinese.

a) smooth b) fluent

c) fluid d) flowing

46 government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most business letters are the main situations __________ formal language is used.

a) in which b) on which

c) in that d) at what

47 fifty years ago, wealthy people liked hunting wild animals for fun ________ sightseeing.

a) than to go b) rather than to go

c) more than going d) other than going

48 if the building project __________ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.

a) to be completed b) is completed

c) being completed d) completed

49 he wrote an article criticizing the greek poet and won __________ and a scholarship.

a) status b) fame

c) faith d) courage

50 jack wishes that he __________ business instead of history when he was in university.

a) had studied b) study

c) studied d) had been studying

51 the older new england villages have changed relatively little __________ a gas station or two in recent decades.

a) except b) besides

c) in addition to d) except for

52 the car club couldn’t __________ to meet the demands of all its members.

a) ensure b) guarantee

c) assume d) confirm

53 extensive reporting on television has helped to __________ interest in a wide variety of sports and activities.

a) gather b) generate

c) assemble d) yield

54 the president promised to keep all the board members __________ of how the negotiations were going on.

a) informed b) inform

c) be informed d) informing

55 eating too much fat can __________ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.

a) contribute to b) attribute to

c) attend to d) devote to

56 all the tasks __________ ahead of time, they decided to go on holiday for a week.

a) had been fulfilled b) were fulfilled

c) having been fulfilled d) been fulfilled

57 this article __________ more attention to the problem of cultural interference in foreign language teaching and learning.

a) calls for b) applies for

c) cares for d) allows for

58 he was punished __________ he should make the same mistake again.

a) unless b) lest

c) if d) provided

59 petrol is refined from the __________ oil we take out of the ground.

a) fresh b) original

c) rude d) crude

60 __________ in the united states, st. louis has now become the 24th largest city.

a) the fourth biggest city it was

b) once the fourth biggest city

c) being the fourth biggest city

d) it was once the fourth biggest city

part iv cloze (15 minutes)

directions: there are 20 blanks in the following passage. for each blank there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d) on the right side of the paper. you should choose the one that best fits into the passage. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.

more than forty thousand readers told us that they looked for in close friendships, what they expected ___61___ friends, what they were willing to give in ___62___, and how satisfied they were ___63___ the quality of their friendships. the ___64___ give little comfort to social critics.

friendship ___65___ to be a unique form of ___66___ bonding. unlike marriage or the ties that ___67___ parents and children, it is not defined or regulated by ___68___. unlike other social roles that we are expected to ___69___ - as citizens, employees, members of professional societies and ___70___ organizations - it has its own principle, which is to promote ___71___ f warmth, trust, love, and affection ___72___ two people.

the survey on friendship appeared in the march ___73___ of psychology today. the findings ___74___ that issues of trust and betrayal（背叛）are ___75___ to friendship. they also suggest that our readers do not ___76___ for friends only among those who are ___77___ like them, but find many ___78___ differ in race, religion, and ethnic（种族的）background. arguably the most important ___79___ that emerges from the data, ___80___, is not something that we found - but what we did not.

61. a) on b) of c) to d) for

62. a) addition b) reply c) turn d) return

63. a) about b) of c) with d) by

64. a) results b) effects c) expectations d) consequences

65. a) feels b) leads c) sounds d) appears

66. a) human b) mankind c) individual d) civil

67. a) bind b) attach c) control d) attract

78. a) discipline b) law c) rule d) regulation

79. a) keep b) do c) show d) play

70. a) all b) any c) other d) those

71. a) friendship b) interests c) feelings d) impressions

72. a) between b) on c) in d) for

73. a) print b) issue c) publication d) copy

74. a) secure b) assure c) confirm d) resolve

75. a) neutral b) main c) nuclear d) central

76. a) ask b) call c) appeal d) look

77. a) most b) more c) least d) less

78. a) people b) who c) what d) friends

79. a) conclusion b) summary c) decision d) claim

80. a) moreover b) however c) still d) yet

part v writing (30 minutes)

directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. suppose you are zhang ying. write a letter to xiao wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. you should write a t least 100 words according to the suggestions given below in chinese.

1. 表示欢迎

2. 提出对度假安排的建议

3. 提醒应注意的事项

a letter to a schoolmate

june 23, 2001

dear xiao wang,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

yours,

zhang ying

答案

1. d 2. c 3. c 4. d 5. b 6. c 7. c 8. c 9. b 10. a

11. d 12. b 13. d 14. a 15. a 16. c 17. d 18. a 19. b 20. b

21. c 22. d 23. a 24. d 25. a 26. b 27. a 28. b 29. c 30. a

31. d 32. c 33. c 34. c 35. d 36. c 37. c 38. d 39. d 40. c

41. b 42. a 43. c 44. d 45. b 46. a 47. c 48. a 49. b 50. a

51. d 52. b 53. b 54. a 55. a 56. c 57. a 58. b 59. d 60. b

61. b 62. d 63. c 64. a 65. d 66. a 67. a 68. b 69. d 70. c

71. c 72. a 73. b 74. c 75. d 76. d 77. a 78. b 79. a 80. b

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6月英语四级模拟试题及答案（共12篇）

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