“我好困”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了11篇阅读真题及答案解析，下面是小编整理后的阅读真题及答案解析，希望对大家有所帮助。
- 目录
篇1：阅读真题及答案解析
精选阅读真题及答案解析
阅读下面两段文字，完成文后的练习
（一）野地里一只独行的蚂蚁，不能设想它头脑里想着很多。当然，就那么几个神经元，让几根纤维串在一块儿，想来连有什么头脑也谈不上，更不会有什么思想了。它不过是一段长着腿的神经节而已。四只、或十只蚂蚁凑到一起，围绕着路上的一头死蛾，看起来就有点意思了。它们这儿触触，那儿推推，慢慢地把这块食物向蚁丘移去。但这似乎还是瞎猫撞着死老鼠的事。只有当你观看聚在蚁丘边的、黑鸦鸦盖过地皮的数千蚂蚁的密集群体时，你才看见那整个活物。这时，你看到它思考、筹划、谋算。这是智慧，是某种活的计算机，那些爬来爬去的小东西就是它的心智。
建造蚁丘的时候，有时需要一批一定规格的细枝，这时，所有成员立刻都着魔般搜寻起正合规格的细枝；后来，外墙的建筑就要完成，要盖顶，细枝的规格要改变，于是，好象从电话里接到了新的命令，所有的工蚁又转而寻找新型号的细枝。如果你破坏了蚁丘某一部分的结构，数百只蚂蚁会过来掀动那一部分，移动它，直到恢复原来的样子。当它们觉察到远方的食物时，于是，长长的`队伍象触角一样伸出来，越过平地，翻过高墙，绕过巨石，去把食物搬回来。 （节选自《作为生物的社会》）
（二）那天我翻了一下午地，又饿又累。本想在地头躺一会儿再往回走，地离村子还有好几里路，我干活时忘了留点回家的力气。时值夏季，田野上虫声、蛙声、谷物生长的声音交织在一起，像支巨大的催眠曲。我的头一挨地便酣然入睡，天啥时黑的我一点不知道，月亮升起又落下我一点没有觉察。
醒来时已是另一个早晨，我的身边爬满各种颜色的虫子，它们已先我而醒忙它们的事了。
这些勤快的小生命，在我身上留下许多又红又痒的小疙瘩，证明它们来过了。我想它们和我一样睡了美美的一觉。有几个小家伙，竟在我的裤子里呆舒服了，不愿出来。若不是搔痒得难受我不会脱了裤子捉它们出来。对这些小虫来说，我的身体是一片多么辽阔的田野，就像我此刻爬在大地的某个角落，大地却不会因搔痒和难受把我捉起来扔掉。大地是沉睡的，它多么宽容。在大地的怀抱中我比虫子大不了多少。我们知道世上有如此多的虫子，给它们一一起名，分科分类。而虫子知道我们吗？这些小虫知道世上有刘亮程这条大虫吗？有些虫朝生暮死，有些仅有几个月或几天的短暂生命，几乎来不及干什么便匆匆离去。没时间盖房子，创造文化和艺术。没时间为自己和别人去着想。生命简洁到只剩下快乐。我们这些聪明的大生命却在漫长岁月中寻找痛苦和烦恼。一个听烦市嚣的人，躺在田野上听听虫鸣该是多么幸福。大地的音乐会永无休止。而有谁知道这些永恒之音中的每个音符是多么仓促和短暂。
（节选自刘亮程《与虫共眠》）
1．两文都涉及了自然界的一些小生命，他们与人类相比有什么相似性？请分条概括。
2．《作为生物的社会》写蚂蚁为什么着眼于个体与群体的比较？
3．《与虫共眠》一文作者对那些小虫是什么态度？
4．两文对待自然的态度能给我们不少启示，试就一点启示谈谈看法。
参考答案：
1．这些小生命与人类相比有很多相似之处，比如①步调一致的行动，②集体协作式的劳动，③有目的的行为，④互相交换信息，⑤勤快忙碌等。
2．因为社会与个体是相辅相成的，社会不能没有个体的参与，而对于社会性生物而言，个体也难以离开社会而生存。所以，无论是谈论人的社会性，还是谈论动物的社会性，都离不开对个体与群体的分析。没有形成群体的蚂蚁，就没有太多的社会性，因而所表现出来的智慧是有限的；对于人类，没有融入社会的科研成果，不能被公众利用，也就丧失了它存在的意义。相比较而言，有着一定组织的社会性生物，如蚂蚁，对社会组织的依赖性更强；人类的个体具有相对的独立性，可以短时间关闭和组织联系的“电路”，但不能从根本上脱离社会而存在。（意对即可）
3．对小虫这些勤快的小生命的喜爱，对他们爬到自己身上保持一种宽容，对小生命生命简洁到只剩下快乐的生活的羡慕，对它们短暂而永恒的生命的赞美。（意对即可）
4．生物的社会行为，归根到底还是不能与人类的社会行为相提并论的，它们在认识自然、改造自然方面不如人类发达，更谈不上有什么意识形态和社会发展。生物的社会行为是生理程序的展开，万古不变，其间较少创造和进步的因素。（可以有其他启示，但必须言之成理。）
篇2：托福阅读真题及答案解析
托福阅读真题练习：声音的文本+题目+答案
托福阅读文本：
A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker. The first is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting information by use of language, communicating with a group or an individual, and specialized communication through performance. A person conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance. When speaking before a group, a person's tone may indicate unsureness or fright, confidence or calm. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen, or may belie them. Here the conversant's tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement, all of which are usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and /or gesture. The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer's skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.
Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a person's self-image, perception of others, and emotional health. Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of that person, for example, a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front. How a speaker perceives the listener's receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given conversation can drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the speaker. Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed.
托福阅读题目：
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The function of the voice in performance
(B) The connection between voice and personality
(C) Communication styles
(D) The production of speech
2. What does the author mean by stating that, “At interpersonal levels, tone may reflect ideas and
feelings over and above the words chosen” (lines 9-10)?
(A) Feelings are expressed with different words than ideas are.
(B) The tone of voice can carry information beyond the meaning of words.
(C)A high tone of voice reflects an emotional communication.
(D) Feelings are more difficult to express than ideas.
3. The word “Here” in line 10 refers to
(A) interpersonal interactions
(B) the tone
(C) ideas and feelings
(D) words chosen
4. The word “derived” in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) discussed
(B) prepared
(C) registered
(D) obtained
5. Why does the author mention “artistic, political, or pedagogic communication” in line 17?
(A)As examples of public performance
(B)As examples of basic styles of communication
(C) To contrast them to singing
(D) To introduce the idea of self-image
6.According to the passage , an exuberant tone of voice, may be an indication of a person's
(A) general physical health
(B) personality
(C) ability to communicate
(D) vocal quality
7.According to the passage , an overconfident front may hide
(A) hostility
(B) shyness
(C) friendliness
(D) strength
8. The word “drastically” in line 24 is closest in meaning to
(A) frequently
(B) exactly
(C) severely
(D) easily
9. The word “evidenced” in line 25 is closest in meaning to
(A) questioned
(B) repeated
(C) indicated
(D) exaggerated
10.According to the passage , what does a constricted and harsh voice indicate?
(A) lethargy
(B) depression
(C) boredom
(D) anger
托福阅读答案：
BBADABBCCD
托福阅读真题练习：水彩画的文本+题目+答案
托福阅读文本：
The year 1850 may be considered the beginning of a new epoch in America art, with respect to the development of watercolor painting. In December of that year, a group of thirty artists gathered in the studio of John Falconer in New York City and drafted both a constitution and bylaws, establishing The Society for the Promotion of Painting in Water Color. In addition to securing an exhibition space in the Library Society building in lower Manhattan, the society founded a small school for the instruction of watercolor painting. Periodic exhibitions of the members' paintings also included works by noted English artists of the day, borrowed from embryonic private collections in the city. The society's activities also included organized sketching excursions along the Hudson River. Its major public exposure came in 1853, when the society presented works by its members in the “Industry of All Nations” section of the Crystal Palace Exposition in New York.
The society did not prosper, however, and by the time of its annual meeting in 1854 membership had fallen to twenty-one. The group gave up its quarters in the Library Society building and returned to Falconer's studio, where it broke up amid dissension. No further attempt to formally organize the growing numbers of watercolor painters in New York City was made for more than a decade. During that decade, though, Henry Warren's Painting in Water Color was published in New York City in 1856 — the book was a considerable improvement over the only other manual of instruction existing at the time, Elements of Graphic Art, by Archibald Roberson,published in 1802 and by the 1850's long out of print.
In 1866 the NationalAcademy of Design was host to an exhibition of watercolor painting in its elaborate neo-Venetian Gothic building on Twenty-Third Street in New York City. The exhibit was sponsored by an independent group called The Artists Fund Society. Within a few months of this event, forty-two prominent artists living in and near New York City founded The American Society of Painters in Water Colors.
托福阅读题目：
1. This passage is mainly about
(A) the most influential watercolor painters in the mid-1800's
(B) efforts to organize watercolor painters in New York City during the mid-1800's
(C) a famous exhibition of watercolor paintings in New York City in the mid-1800's
(D) styles of watercolor painting in New York City during the mid-1800's
2. The year 1850 was significant in the history of watercolor painting mainly because
(A) a group of artists established a watercolor painting society
(B) watercolor painting was first introduced to New York City
(C) John Falconer established his studio for watercolor painters
(D) The first book on watercolor painting was published
3. The word “securing” in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) locking
(B) creating
(C) constructing
(D) acquiring
4. All of the following can be inferred about the Society for the promotion of Painting in
Watercolor EXCEPT:
(A) The society exhibited paintings in lower Manhattan.
(B) Instruction in watercolor painting was offered by members of the society
(C) The society exhibited only the paintings of its members.
(D) Scenes of the Hudson River appeared often in the work of society members.
5. The exhibition at the Crystal Palace of the works of the Society for the Promotion of Painting in
Watercolor was significant for which of the following reasons?
(A) It resulted in a dramatic increase in the popularity of painting with watercolor.
(B) It was the first time an exhibition was funded by a private source.
(C) It was the first important exhibition of the society's work.
(D) It resulted in a large increase in the membership of the society.
6. The word “it” in line 15 refers to
(A) time
(B) group
(C) building
(D) studio
7. Which of the following is true of watercolor painters in New York City in the late 1850's?
(A) They increased in number despite a lack of formal organization.
(B) They were unable to exhibit their paintings because of the lack of exhibition space.
(C) The Artists Fund Society helped them to form The American Society of Painters in Water
Colors.
(D) They formed a new society because they were not allowed to join groups run by other kinds of
artists.
8. Henry Warren's Painting in Water Color was important to artists because it
(A) received an important reward
(B) was the only textbook published that taught painting
(C) was much better than an earlier published fundamental of instruction
(D) attracted the interest of art collectors
9. The word “considerable” in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) sensitive
(B) great
(C) thoughtful
(D) planned
10. The year 1866 was significant for watercolor painting for which of the following reasons?
(A) Elements of GraphicArt was republished.
(B) Private collections of watercolors were first publicly exhibited.
(C) The neo-Venetian Gothic building on Twenty-Third Street in New York City was built.
(D) The NationalAcademy of Design held an exhibition of watercolor paintings.
11. The word “prominent” in line 25 is closest in meaning to
(A) wealthy
(B) local
(C) famous
(D) organized
托福阅读答案：
BADCC BACBD C
托福阅读真题练习：霍霍坎的文本+题目+答案
托福阅读文本：
The observation of the skies has played a special part in the lives and cultures of peoples since the earliest of times. Evidence obtained from a site known as the Hole in the Rock, in Papago Park in Phoenix, Arizona, indicates that it might have been used as an observatory by a prehistoric people known as the Hohokam.
The physical attributes of the site allow its use as a natural calendar/clock. The “hole” at Hole in the Rock is formed by two large overhanging rocks coming together at a point, creating a shelter with an opening large enough for several persons to pass through. The northeast-facing overhang has a smaller opening in its roof. It is this smaller hole that produces the attributes that may have been used as a calendar/clock.
Because of its location in the shelter's roof, a beam of sunlight can pass through this second hole and cast a spot onto the shelter's wall and floor. This spot of light travels from west to east as the sun moves across the sky. It also moves from north to south and back again as the Earth travels around the Sun, the west-to-east movement could have been used to establish a daily clock, much like a sundial, while the north-to-south movement could have been used to establish a seasonal calendar.
The spot first appears and starts down the surface of the wall of the shelter at different times of the morning depending on the time of the year. The spot grows in size from its first appearance until its maximum size is achieved roughly at midday. It then continues its downward movement until it reaches a point where it jumps to the floor of the shelter. As the Sun continues to move to the west, the spot continues to move across the shelter floor and down the butte, or hill, toward a group of small boulders. If a person is seated on a certain one of these rocks as the spot reaches it, the Sun can be viewed through the calendar hole. This occurs at different times in the afternoon depending on the time of year.
托福阅读题目：
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) observations of the stars by ancient people
(B) rock formations of Arizona
(C) a site used by ancient people to measure time
(D) the movement of the earth around the Sun
2. The word “obtained” in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) acquired
(B) transported
(C) covered
(D) removed
3. The word “attributes” in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) changes
(B) characteristics
(C) locations
(D) dimensions
4. The word “its” in line 10 refers to
(A) roof
(B) beam
(C) hole
(D) spot
5. The word “establish” in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) create
(B) locate
(C) consult
(D) choose
6. Which of the following is NOT true of the spot of light?
(A) It is caused by sunlight passing through a hole.
(B) It travels across the roof of the shelter.
(C) Its movement is affected by the position of the Sun.
(D) It movement could have been used to estimate the time of day.
7. From which of the following can be the time of year be determined?
(A) The movement of the spot of light from west to east
(B) The speed with which the spot of light moves
(C) The movement of the spot of light from north to south
(D) The size of the sport of light at midday
8. The word “roughly” in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) finally
(B) harshly
(C) uneasily
(D) approximately
9. The passage mentions that the Hole in the Rock was used as all of the following EXCEPT
(A) a calendar
(B) a home
(C) a clock
(D) an observatory
10. Which of the following can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?
(A) The boulders are located below the rock shelter.
(B) The person seated on the rock cannot see the shelter.
(C)After it passes the boulders, the spot of light disappears.
(D) The spot of light is largest when it first appears.
托福阅读答案：
CABCA BCDBA
篇3：阅读题及答案解析
阅读题及答案解析
人类衣食住行这类维持生存的生活方式没有太大不同，即使有不同，也没有根本的意义。比如，用筷子还是用刀叉或者直接用手抓吃饭，对于人类的命运不会有太大的影响。但是主张义先利后还是义后利先，主张人是目的还是手段，把自然看作是与自己同属一个整体还是与己无关的对象，却足可影响人类甚至整个地球的命运。因此，这里不考虑作为物质现象的中国文化，而考虑这些现象中所渗透的中国的思想原则和精神原则，或者说，中国之道。
中国文化从产生的时候起，就推崇德性，倡导侍德者昌，侍利者亡，这是我们祖先的信念。我们的先人推崇的那些开天辟地的圣贤，其共同的特点就是舍己为人，克己让人，给人类造福，他们都有博大的胸怀，以天下为一家，以中国为一人，牺牲自己，成全众人。被我们中国人奉为文明始祖的人，无论盘古、女娲、还是伏羲、神农、或黄帝、尧、舜，他们的共同特点，就是创造文明，与民兴利，公而忘私，品德高尚。
中国文化在其漫长的历史发展中也有种种不足为人道的地方，但是它的文化精神就总体而言是高尚的，是不会过时的，只要人类希冀在和平与平等的世界上生活的话。中国精神或中国之道的核心可以概括为如下几项：天人合一的宇宙观、天下为公的政治理想、和而不同的共同生活原则和思想原则、义利之辨的道德理念、己立立人与己达达人的淑世情怀、四海一家与天下太平的世界愿景等。这些中国之道并非中国文化所独有，但却是中国文化的核心和中国文化能够复兴的根据。这些理念与西方现代性的许多原则是不相容的，却是人类生存下去不可或缺的，现代中国文化要有不同于现代西方文化的感召力，只有建立在这些普适的`理念基础上，而不能以已证明是有根本问题的某些西方现代性原则为基础。
当然，中国文化的复兴绝不是说只是将这些理念单纯在重申一下，而是要将它们予以现代的阐发，因为文化复兴实际是文化重建，这就需要我们不是把西方文化作为敌对的东西或对立的东西，而是要把它最为助缘。中国之道的理念若是普适的，它就能吸纳其他文化的优秀成果，就一定会有兼容性。重建中国文化不是恢复传统文化，而是发展中国文化。
6.下列有关本文中的“中国之道”的说法，不准确的一项是
A. 中国之道是指渗透这中国思想原则和精神原则的现象。
B. 中国之道并不存在于所有中国文化现象之中。
C. 中国之道的核心包括天下为公，天人合一。和而不同等思想。
D. 中国之道建立在普适理论基础上的高尚的文化精神。
【参考答案】A
【试题分析】原文是“这些现象中所渗透的中国的思想原则和精神原则，或者说，中国之道”
【高考考点】理解文中重要概念的含义。
【易错提醒】一定要注意原文同题肢相对照。【备考提示】要辨明检索区间，确定对应语句。联系上下文体会，要死抠字眼。对词语的解说要抓住本质。将解释的含意放在被解释的词语处，看上下文是否连贯、恰当。寻求称代词与称代内容的联系，将称代的内容代入原文理解。联系全文的倾向性，检查该解释是否与全文保持一致。
7.下列对文本内容的理解，正确的一项是
A.任何生活方式都不足以影响人类的命运，无关乎中国的思想原则和精神原则。
B.中国文化一贯推崇的德性，即时中国文化的核心，也是复兴中国文化的核心
C.只要中国文化不过时，人类就能在和平与平等的世界上生活。
D.体现中国文化精神一系列理念与西方现代性原则具有不兼容性。
【参考答案】B
【高考考点】筛选并整合文中的信息。
【易错提醒】注意联系题肢前后分析。
【备考提示】要理清文章结构，找出选项相对应的内容区域，依次筛选。原文内容与选项保持一致，选项与题干要能构成因果关系。略过无关紧要的信息，如举例、描写等，抓住本质特征。
8. 根据文中提供的内容，下列推断不合理的是
A.坚持中国之道，并能吸纳其他文化的优秀成果，中国文化才能够发展，复兴。
B．西方文化中也可能包含中国之道的某些内容。
C. 西方现代性原则不具备有利于人类生存下去的普遍意义。
D.现代中国文化要具备不同于现代西方文化的感召力，就必须重建中国传统文化
【参考答案】C
【试题分析】“西方现代性原则不具备有利于人类生存下去的普遍意义”太绝对化。
【高考考点】依据文章进行判断和想象。
【备考提示】要依据文意。推断想象不能随意扩大或缩小，因果、前后关系不能颠倒。注意选肢之间的比较，如果选项中有内容矛盾的选项必有一错。
篇4：BEC中级阅读真题答案解析
BEC中级阅读真题答案解析
1 the contact between coach and employee not solving all difficulties at work
2 the discussion of how certain situations could be better handled if they occur again
3 a coach encouraging an employee to apply what has been taught to routine work situations
4 coaching providing new interest to individuals who are unhappy in their current positions
5 coaching providing a supportive environment to discuss performance
6 employees being asked to analyse themselves and practise greater self-awareness
7 coaching enabling a company to respond rapidly to a lack of expertise in a certain area
Coaching
A
Coaching involves two or more people sitting down together to talk through issues that have come up recently at work, and analysing how they were managed and how they might be dealt with more effectively on subsequent occasions. Coaching thus transfers skills and information from one person to another in an on-the-job situation so that the work experience of the coach is used to advise and guide the individual being coached. It also allows successes and failures to be evaluated in a non-threatening atmosphere.
B
Coaching means influencing the learner's personal development, for example his or her confidence and ambition. It can take place any time during an individual's career. Coaching is intended to assist individuals to function more effectively, and it is a powerful learning model. It begins where skills-based training ends, and helps individuals to use formally learnt knowledge in day-to-day work and management situations. Individuals being coached are in a demanding situation with their coach, which requires them to consider their own behaviour and question their reasons for doing things.
C
The coach professionally assists the career development of another individual, outside the normal manager/subordinate relationship. In theory, the coaching relationship should provide answers to every problem, but in practice it falls short of this. However, it can provide a space for discussion and feedback on topics such as people management and skills, behaviour patterns, confidence-building and time management. Through coaching, an organisation can meet skills shortages, discuss targets and indicate how employees should deal with challenging situations, all at short notice.
D
Effective coaches are usually those who get satisfaction from the success of others and who give time to the coaching role. Giving people coaching responsibilities can support their development, either by encouraging management potential through small-scale one-to-one assignments, or by providing added job satisfaction to managers who feel they are stuck in their present jobs. A coach is also a confidential adviser, accustomed to developing positive and effective approaches to complex management, organisational and change problems.
这篇文章讲的是培训(coaching)的作用。培训对一个公司的发展和员工的成长都是至关重要的。文章的内容比较泛，但是题目的答案比较明显。
第一题，教练和员工之间的接触不能解决工作中的所有困难。答案是C段的这么一句：In theory, the coaching relationship should provide answers to every problem, but in practice it falls short of this.理论上，培训可以提供所有问题的答案。但是实践中达不到这样。Fall short of是关键词。
第二题，讨论某些情况如果再度出现的话怎么样可以处理的更好。答案是A段的这么一句：analysing how they were managed and how they might be dealt with more effectively on subsequent occasions.分析应该如何进行处理并且在接下来的情况下怎样可以处理的更有效。这里的dealt with more effectively对应于题干中的better handled，on subsequent occasions.也就是occur again。
第三题，教练鼓励员工将所学应用到日常的工作中。答案是B段的这么一句：helps individuals to use formally learnt knowledge in day-to-day work and management situations.帮助个人将学到的正式知识用在日常工作和管理情况下。这里的day-to-day work and management situations就是题干中的routine work situations，what has been taught也就是formally learnt knowledge。
第四题，培训为在现有岗位上不高兴的个人提供了新的兴趣。答案是D段的这么一句：providing added job satisfaction to managers who feel they are stuck in their present jobs。对感觉自己在现有岗位上受困的经理们提供附加的工作满足感。这里的stuck in their present jobs就是题干中的unhappy in their current position，added job satisfaction可以对应于题干中的new interest。
第五题，培训提供了一个有力的、支持性的讨论工作表现的环境。答案是A段的：It also allows successes and failures to be evaluated in a non-threatening atmosphere.它允许成功和失败在一个没有威胁的气氛下被评估。成功和失败也就是performance，supportive environment可以对应于non-threatening atmosphere。
第六题，员工被要求分析他们自己并且培养出更强的自知。有必要理解下self-awareness的含义，不能简单的从中文理解成自我意识，看英文解释：knowledge and understanding of yourself。所以答案是B段的这么一句：requires them to consider their own behaviour and question their reasons for doing things.要求他们考虑自己的行为并且思考这么做的理由。consider their own behaviour可以对应于题干中的analyse themselves，思考这么做的理由也是为了进一步增进对自己的认识。
第七题，培训可以使得公司对某个领域的技术缺失迅速做出反应。答案是C段的最后一句：indicate how employees should deal with challenging situations, all at short notice.指出员工怎样处理有挑战性的情况，在短时间内。At short notice是一接到通知就，短时间内的意思,可以对应这一题的respond rapidly，challenging situations可以指代题干中的a lack of expertise in a certain area.
揭秘BEC：详解中级和高级的区别
一、中级 PK 高级
比较含金量的话，肯定是高级完胜中级。高级的价值会让你收获更多的认同感。如果想用BEC作为求职敲门砖的话，小编建议大家一定要去考BEC高级。Do nothing but the best!
二、中级VS高级
中级和高级难度跨越大吗?确实有一些学员，中级考了A，高级fail了。可见在难度上，高级确实是“高”!那么，“高”在哪里?大家可以比较一下：
1、话题
中级和高级覆盖到的话题90%是相似的。比如HR management，sales and marketing，purchase，management，small business，几乎是中高级都必考的点，但高级也会涉及到Macro economy，finance这样相对专业的话题。那既然话题类似，高级难在哪儿呢?1)话题的深度不一样。比如同样是sales and marketing，中级可能会谈到泛泛的概念，而高级则会涉及到brand stretching，marketing and ethics这样具体的、相对更深入的话题;2)语言的难度不一样。高级的词汇量和句式复杂度更大。比如，高级会有这样的句子出现：Current thinking indicates that, asa society, we are beginning to appreciate more fully that there must be limits to our consumption of natural resources, and that business activities must take greater account of this impact on society and economies, as well as the environment in which we live.宾语从句嵌套宾语从句，又嵌套并列句，再嵌套定语从句，而且类似句子的比例是很大的。
2、题量
整体来说，高级的题量比中级大，主要体现在阅读和写作上。阅读匹配和填空各多了一道题，另外，还多了一个单词填空题型，但这个题，只要做过准备，基本算是加分的，因为考查的都是介词、连词等虚词。阅读题量变大了，但做题时间依然是1个小时，这就要求的做题速度要提升，速度提升靠的就是语言的熟练度和敏感度，大量的输入训练必不可少。写作主要是有更高的字数要求，基本多了200 字，但时间也多了25分钟。
3、考点
除了话题和题量上的区别，高级相对于中级来说，在考查的能力侧重点上是不同的，或者说要求是更高的，尤其是听力和写作。听力部分，高级的语速明显比中级要快。而且高级听力part1和part2均变成了一篇长听力，这对短时记忆能力，以及捕捉关键信息的能力要求高了，因为你错过一个空，后面的也许就跟不上了。听力也是难度差别比较大的一个部分。写作部分，高级要求有图表描述的能力，但是这个部分是完全可以模式化，比较容易备考。Part2表面上看，是字数要求变高，但实际上，这是对要商务知识和思维提出了更高的要求，因为你要有话可说，而且要言之有理。另外，高级要求写作中使用的词汇和句式要更具多样性。
三、中级→高级
如何实现从中级到高级的跨越?对于低分飘过中级的同学来说，至少需要有4-5个月的准备时间。高级的语言难度变大了，教材学习对这部分同学来说，依然是必须的。对于语言功底不错的同学来说，备考高级会相对轻松，可以选择教材中和中级不同的章节，进行选择性的学习。同时大家要坚持每天在听写酷做一次听写训练，注意不要一个字一个字的听写，要听完一整个句子，进行回忆默写，训练理解和短时记忆的能力。而写作和口试可以在考前2个月进行集中训练，这部分的备考，没有所谓的捷径，就是要要动手动口，同时积累常用句式、套路，这点非常关键。
BEC商务英语考试：BEC报名所使用的证件有何要求?
关于证件使用方面，剑桥商务英语证书考试在报名和考试时规定考生可以使用的有效的证件：
· 中国大陆考生必须使用有效中华人民共和国居民身份证
· 香港、澳门地区考生必须使用有效香港、澳门身份证;台湾地区考生必须使用有效台湾居民往来大陆通行证
· 外国籍考生必须使用有效护照
考生报名时须如实、准确提交身份证信息，包括：证件类型、证件号码、姓名、拼音姓名、性别和出生日期，确认提交后，不得更改，并将打印在准考证上;考生在考试日须携带与准考证信息一致的有效身份证原件。
出现下列情况之一，考点将拒绝考生入场，并不予改期考试或退还考费：
· 抵达考点与网上报名所选考点不一致;
· 未携带准考证或规定的有效身份证件;
· 所携身份证件的有效性未通过核验;
· 身份证件类型和号码与所持准考证显示信息不符;
· 身份证件相片与本人明显不符;
· 未按准考证规定时间到达考场;
· 不服从监考人员的管理，扰乱考场秩序。
bec英语考试：BEC商务英语考试费用(最新)
2018-剑桥商务英语证书考试(BEC)报名费标准
(单位：人民币元)
BEC初级(BEC Preliminary)：530元
BEC中级(BEC Vantage)： 660元
BEC高级(BEC Higher)：825元
篇5：TPO托福阅读真题答案及解析
托福阅读真题：
The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems
Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their particular structure depends on the specific history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.
An ecologist who studies a pond today may well find it relatively unchanged in a year’s time. Individual fish may be replaced, but the number of fish will tend to be the same from one year to the next. We can say that the properties of an ecosystem are more stable than the individual organisms that compose the ecosystem.
At one time, ecologists believed that species diversity made ecosystems stable. They believed that the greater the diversity the more stable the ecosystem. Support for this idea came from the observation that long-lasting climax communities usually have more complex food webs and more species diversity than pioneer communities. Ecologists concluded that the apparent stability of climax ecosystems depended on their complexity. To take an extreme example, farmlands dominated by a single crop are so unstable that one year of bad weather or the invasion of a single pest can destroy the entire crop. In contrast, a complex climax community, such as a temperate forest, will tolerate considerable damage from weather to pests.
The question of ecosystem stability is complicated, however. The first problem is that ecologists do not all agree what “stability” means. Stability can be defined as simply lack of change. In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable, since, by definition, it changes the least over time. Alternatively, stability can be defined as the speed with which an ecosystem returns to a particular form following a major disturbance, such as a fire. This kind of stability is also called resilience. In that case, climax communities would be the most fragile and the least stable, since they can require hundreds of years to return to the climax state.
Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated with maximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwood forest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on the forest floor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability. Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability—just the opposite, in fact. A more complicated system is, in general, more likely than a simple system to break down. A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child’s tricycle.
Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans. We need to know what aspects of a community are most important to the community’s resistance to destruction, as well as its recovery.
Many ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the “patchiness” of the environment, an environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform. A local population that goes extinct is quickly replaced by immigrants from an adjacent community. Even if the new population is of a different species, it can approximately fill the niche vacated by the extinct population and keep the food web intact.
Paragraph 1: Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their particular structure depends on the specific history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.
TPO托福阅读题目
1. The word “particular” in the passage is closest in meaning to
○Natural
○Final
○Specific
○Complex
2. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities?
○They occur at the end of a succession.
○They last longer than any other type of community.
○The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change.
○They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.
Paragraph 2: An ecologist who studies a pond today may well find it relatively unchanged in a year’s time. Individual fish may be replaced, but the number of fish will tend to be the same from one year to the next. We can say that the properties of an ecosystem are more stable than the individual organisms that compose the ecosystem.
3. According to paragraph 2, which of the following principles of ecosystems can be learned by studying a pond?
○Ecosystem properties change more slowly than individuals in the system.
○The stability of an ecosystem tends to change as individuals are replaced.
○Individual organisms are stable from one year to the next.
○A change in the members of an organism does not affect an ecosystem’s properties
Paragraph 3: At one time, ecologists believed that species diversity made ecosystems stable. They believed that the greater the diversity the more stable the ecosystem. Support for this idea came from the observation that long-lasting climax communities usually have more complex food webs and more species diversity than pioneer communities. Ecologists concluded that the apparent stability of climax ecosystems depended on their complexity. To take an extreme example, farmlands dominated by a single crop are so unstable that one year of bad weather or the invasion of a single pest can destroy the entire crop. In contrast, a complex climax community, such as a temperate forest, will tolerate considerable damage from weather of pests.
4. According to paragraph 3, ecologists once believed that which of the following illustrated the most stable ecosystems?
○Pioneer communities
○Climax communities
○Single-crop farmlands
○Successional plant communities
Paragraph 4: The question of ecosystem stability is complicated, however. The first problem is that ecologists do not all agree what “stability” means. Stability can be defined as simply lack of change. In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable, since, by definition, it changes the least over time. Alternatively, stability can be defined as the speed with which an ecosystem returns to a particular form following a major disturbance, such as a fire. This kind of stability is also called resilience. In that case, climax communities would be the most fragile and the least stable, since they can require hundreds of years to return to the climax state.
5. According to paragraph 4, why is the question of ecosystem stability complicated?
○The reasons for ecosystem change are not always clear.
○Ecologists often confuse the word “stability” with the word “resilience.”
○The exact meaning of the word “stability” is debated by ecologists.
○There are many different answers to ecological questions.
6. According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true of climax communities?
○They are more resilient than pioneer communities.
○They can be considered both the most and the least stable communities.
○They are stable because they recover quickly after major disturbances.
○They are the most resilient communities because they change the least over time.
Paragraph 5: Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated with maximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwood forest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on the forest floor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability. Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability—just the opposite, in fact. A more complicated system is, in general, more likely than a simple system to break down. (A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child’s tricycle.)
7. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 about redwood forests?
○They become less stable as they mature.
○They support many species when they reach climax.
○They are found in temperate zones.
○They have reduced diversity during mid-successional stages.
8. The word “guarantee” in the passage is closest in meaning to
○Increase
○Ensure
○Favor
○Complicate
9. In paragraph 5, why does the author provide the information that “(A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child’s tricycle)”?
○To illustrate a general principle about the stability of systems by using an everyday example
○To demonstrate that an understanding of stability in ecosystems can be applied to help understand stability in other situations
○To make a comparison that supports the claim that, in general, stability increases with diversity
○To provide an example that contradicts mathematical models of ecosystems
Paragraph 6: Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans. We need to know what aspects of a community are most important to the community’s resistance to destruction, as well as its recovery.
10. The word “pales” in the passage is closest in meaning to
○Increases proportionally
○Differs
○Loses significance
○Is common
Paragraph 7：Many ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the “patchiness” of the environment, an environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform. A local population that goes extinct is quickly replaced by immigrants from an adjacent community. Even if the new population is of a different species, it can approximately fill the niche vacated by the extinct population and keep the food web intact.
11.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incurred choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○Ecologists now think that the stability of an environment is a result of diversity rather than patchiness.
○Patchy environments that vary from place to place do not often have high species diversity.
○Uniform environments cannot be climax communities because they do not support as many types of organisms as patchy environments.
○A patchy environment is thought to increase stability because it is able to support a wide variety of organisms.
12.The word “adjacent” in the passage is closest in meaning to
○Foreign
○Stable
○Fluid
○Neighboring
Paragraph 6: Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans. We need to know what aspects of a community are most important to the community’s resistance to destruction, as well as its recovery.
13.Look at the four squares [ ] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
In fact, damage to the environment by humans is often much more severe than damage by natural events and processes.
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.
14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
The process of succession and the stability of a climax community can change over time.
Answer choices
○The changes that occur in an ecosystem from the pioneer to the climax community can be seen in one human generation.
○A high degree of species diversity does not always result in a stable ecosystem.
○The level of resilience in a plant community contributes to its long-term stability.
○Ecologists agree that climax communities are the most stable types of ecosystems.
○Disagreements over the meaning of the term “stability” make it difficult to identify the most stable ecosystems.
○The resilience of climax communities makes them resistant to destruction caused by humans.
篇6：TPO托福阅读真题答案及解析
1. ○3 2. ○3 3. ○1 4. ○2 5. ○3 6. ○2 7. ○3 8. ○2 9. ○1 10. ○3 11. ○4 12. ○4 13. ○2 14. ○2 3 5
托福阅读真题译文：
生态系统的长期稳定
植物群体可以自由地聚集，他们特殊的结构取决于聚集区域的具体历史。生态学家使用“演替”来诠释植物群落和生态系统随着时间推移所发生的变化。演替中的第一个群落被称作先锋群落，而处于演替最后那个长期生存的群落被称为顶极群落。先锋群落和紧接着的植物群落的变化周期是从1到5不等，植物数量和混合种类数量的变化是慢慢积累的。顶极群落本身也改变，但其变化周期超过500年。
现代一个研究池塘的生态学会发现池塘在一年当中相对而言是不变的。个别鱼类可能被替换，但一年一年鱼的总数都趋于一致。也就是说，生态系统自身的性质比组成生态系统的单个生物体更为稳定。
生态学家们一度认为物种的多样性使生态系统稳定，生态系统物种越多样则生态系统越稳定。通过观察得出的结论支持了这个观点，长期持久的顶极群落通常要比先锋群落具备更为复杂的食物网和更多的物种。生态学家家们得出的结论是：顶点生态系统的稳定性明显取决于他们的复杂化程度。举个极端的例子，在单一作物的农田中，一年的恶劣天气或单一害虫的入侵就可以摧毁所有作物。与此相反，在一个复杂的顶极群落里，如温带森林，他们便可以抵御来自气候和害虫的入侵。
不管怎样，生态系统稳定性的问题非常复杂。首先，不是所有的生态学家都赞同“稳定”的含义。稳定性可以简单地定义为缺乏变化。如果是这样的话，顶极群落将被视为最稳定的，因为根据定义，他们随着时间推移而变化是最少。另外，稳定性也可以界定为生态系统在经历了严重破坏之后回复原貌的速度，比如火灾。这种稳定性也被称作弹性。在这种情况下，顶极群落将是最脆弱和最不稳定的，因为他们可能需要数百年时间才能恢复到顶点状态。
即使是这种被定义为简单地缺乏变化的稳定性并非总是与最多样的物种联系起来。至少在温带地区，会经常在演替过程中发现最多物种，而不是在顶极群落中。例如，红树林一旦成熟，其中的物种数量以及单个物种的数量都会减少。总的来说，多样性本身并不能保证稳定性，生态系统的数学模型也可以得出同样的结论。一般来说，一个更复杂的系统可能比一个简单的系统更容易被破坏(一个十五速的赛车比一个孩子的三轮车更容易损坏)。
生态学家们更想弄清楚到底哪些因素有助于促成群落的恢复，因为世界各地的顶极群落都因为人类活动而遭受到严重的损坏或毁坏。就像美国西北部圣海伦火山的猛烈喷发所造成的破坏，在人类活动对环境造成的的破坏面前也相形见绌。我们必须了解对群落抵抗破坏和恢复来说哪些是最重要的。
现在的很多生态学家们认为，顶极群落相对长期的稳定性并非来于自多样性，而是来自环境的“补缀”，随处变化的环境比统一的环境更有利于多种有机体的生存。当地物种灭亡后，马上就会被相邻群落的移民取代。即便是另一种不同的物种，他们也可以填补那些已灭绝生物的空缺，并保持食物网的完整。
篇7：高考语文阅读真题及答案解析
高考语文阅读真题及答案解析
一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）
阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。
文学中有历史。当今历史学家大都认为，没有什么文献资料不是史料，不但文学作品，即如佛经、道藏、信札、家谱、账本、碑铭等也无一不是，而且随着史学研究领域的拓展，史料范围还在不断扩大。从“三言二拍”里可以看到晚明市井生活的真实面貌，这对于研究社会史的人几乎是一个常识。陈寅恪以诗证史，也为大家所熟悉。但在“五四”以前，史料范围并非如此宽泛，文学作品在大多数史学家眼里也并非史料，有些文献到底属于文学还是史学，一两千年来都没有一致的看法。神话传说就是如此，其中相当突出的例子是《山海经》。
神话传说是文学，史前时代，无文字可征，只有传说，暂当历史。三皇五帝至今未曾坐实，但“炎皇子孙”已经成为口头语，甚至成为历史共识。新的传说还会不断产生，能否成史颇为可疑，但以神话传说研究历史，却是一种重要的方法。在历史上，《山海经》究竟应归于文学还是史学，曾是死结。王国维《古史新证》说“而疑古之过，乃并尧、舜、禹之人物而变疑之，其于怀疑之态度及批评之精神不无可取，然惜于在于史材料未尝为充分之处理也。”这些古史材料就包括《山海经》《穆天子传》等文献。在《汉书〃艺文志》里，《山海经》列于数术类。此后该书在目录学里的角色转换过几次，《隋书〃经籍志》将《山海经》列于史部地理类，也就是将它看成史书了。
历史是讲真实的，《山海经》一般被视为荒诞不经，连司马迁写《史记》都不敢采用。虽然《山海经》里平实的山川地理内容应归于史部，但其中大量的神话故事却显然有悖信史，所以清人编《四库全书》，言其“侈谈神怪，百无一真，是直小说之祖耳”，将其改列于子部小说家类。这个死结直到“五四”以后才大致解开。解开的途径有二：一是将《山海经》分而治之，不把它看作一部成于一人一时之书，神话归神话，历史归历史；二是神话中也有历史的成分在，仍可以之证史或补史。分而治之者，以为《山海经》中的《五藏山经》是比较雅正的部分，谭其骧就写了《<五藏山经>的地域范围》一文，分析《山经》写作时的地理知识水平。将历史成分发掘出来的，自然以王国维用《山海经》来印证甲骨文中殷商先王亥为最明显的例子。
上面说的是介于文学与史学之间的文献，至于纯粹的文艺作品，当然也能从中发掘史料。但发掘史料是一回事，把整个作品当成真史就很可虑了。《红楼梦》反映了清代前期的历史现实没有错，可是如果过分坐实到具体历史人物身上，就未免失之穿凿了。戏说之类当然是文学，但读者观众往往误以为是历史。如中俄签订《尼布楚条约》，张诚、徐日昇当时担任与俄国谈判的翻译，工作是以拉丁语作为中介的，而电视剧《康熙王朝》中他们说的却是俄语，观众看到这个情节时被误导也就难以避免了。
1．下列关于原文内容的表述，不正确的一项是
A．在当今历史学界，历史学家的研究领域不断地扩展，各种体裁的文学作品都有可能成为他们研究历
史的资料。
B．古代的史学家选取史料的范围比较狭窄，他们并未广泛采用“以诗证史”或将小说用于社会历史研究
之类的方法。
C．王国维在《古今新证》中认为，有些历史学家如果能充分利用史料，就不会“疑古”，怀疑尧、舜、
禹等人物的真实性。
D．历史学者对《山海经》有不同认知，《隋书·经籍志》把它列入史部，视为史书，王国维则把它作
为古史材料看待。
2．下列理解和分析，不符合原文意思的一项是
A．很多人认为《山海经》的'记载荒唐夸张，与真实的历史差别较大，司马迁也持这种观点，因此《史
记》并不采用《山海经》。
B．《四库全书》的编者认为，《山海经》所记的神话传说并无真实可言，不宜归入史部，而应列入子
部小说家类。
C．谭其骧和王国维利用《山海经》研究历史的方法不同，前者是将神话和历史分而治之，后者则从神
话中发掘史料。
D．电视剧《康熙王朝》对历史事件和历史人物进行了虚构，其中部分情节与历史事实有出入，不能从
这类作品中发掘史料。
3．根据原文内容，下列说法不正确的一项是
A．即使在科学技术如此发达的今天，也会产生新的传说，这些传说将来会不会成为研究这个时代的史
料也未可知。
B．“五四”之前，很多涉及历史的神话传说之所以没有成为广泛使用的史料，是因为这些作品在史学和
文学归类问题上存在争议。
C．在历史研究中，当代学者会把文学作品作为史料看待，在他们看来，《三国演义》和《水浒传》的
艺术手法差异并不重要。
D．文学作品能否成为史料，取决于历史学家的眼光，而历史学家对文学与史学关系的认识在一定程度上受制于当时的学术背景。
【答案】
1．C
2．D
3．B
二、古诗文阅读（36分）
（一）文言文阅读（19分）
阅读下列文言文，完成4~7题。
傅珪，字邦瑞，清苑人。成化二十三年进士。改庶吉士。弘治中，授编修，寻兼司经局校书。与修《大明会典》成，迁左中允。武宗立，以东宫恩，进左谕德，充讲官，纂修《孝宗实录》。时词臣不附刘瑾，瑾恶之。谓《会典》成于刘健等多所糜费镌与修者官降珪修撰俄以《实录》成进左中允再迁翰林学士历吏部左右侍郎。正德六年，代费宏为礼部尚书。礼部事视他部为简，自珪数有执争，章奏遂多。帝好佛，自称“大庆法王”。番僧乞田百顷为法王下院，中旨下部，称大庆法王与圣旨并。珪佯不知，执奏：“孰为大庆法王？敢与至尊并书，大不敬。”诏勿问，田亦竟止。珪居闲类木讷者。及当大事，毅然执持，人不能夺，卒以此忤权幸去。教坊司臧贤请易牙牌，制如朝士，又请改铸方印。珪格不行。贤日夜腾谤于诸阉．．．
间，冀去珪。流寇扰河南，太监陆訚谋督师，下廷议，莫敢先发。珪厉声曰：“师老民疲，贼日炽，以冒功者多，偾事者漏罚，失将士心。先所遣已无功，可复遣耶？今贼横行郊圻肘腋间，民嚣然思乱，祸旦夕及宗社。吾侪死不偿责，诸公安得首鼠两端。”由是议罢。疏上，竟遣訚，而中官皆憾珪。御史张羽奏云南灾。珪因极言四方灾变可畏。八年五月，复奏四月灾，因言：“春秋二百四十二年，灾变六十九事。今自去秋来，地震天鸣，雹降星殒，龙虎出见，地裂山崩，凡四十有二，而水旱不与焉，灾未有若是甚者。”极陈时弊十事，语多斥权幸，权幸益深嫉之。会户部尚书孙交亦以守正见忤，遂矫旨令二人致仕。两京言．．．．官交章请留，不听。珪归三年，御史卢雍称珪在位有古大臣风，家无储蓄，日给为累，乞颁月廪、岁隶，以示优礼。又谓珪刚直忠谠，当起用。吏部请如雍言，不报。而珪适卒，年五十七。遣命毋请恤典。抚、按以为言，诏廕其子中书舍人。嘉靖元年录先朝守正大臣，追赠太子少保，谥文毅。
（节选自《明史〃傅珪传》）
4．下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句，正确的一项是（3分）
A．谓《会典》成于刘健等/多所糜费/镌与修者/官降珪修撰/俄以《实录》成/进左中允/再迁翰林学士/历吏部左/右侍郎/
B．谓《会典》成于刘健等/多所糜费/镌与修者官/降珪修撰/俄以《实录》成/进左中允/再迁翰林学士/
历吏部左/右侍郎/
C．谓《会典》成于刘健等/多所糜费/镌与修者官/降珪修撰/俄以《实录》成进/左中允再迁翰林学士/历吏部左/右侍郎/
D．谓《会典》成于刘健等/多所糜费/镌与修者/官降珪修撰/俄以《实录》成进/左中允再迁翰林学士/历
吏部左/右侍郎/
5．下列对文中加点词语的相关内容的解说，不正确的一项是（3分）
A．礼部为六部之一，掌管礼仪、祭祀、土地、户挤等职事，部长官称为礼部尚书。
B．教坊司是管理宫廷音乐的官署，专管雅乐以外的音乐、歌舞的教习等演出事务。
C．致仕本义是将享受的禄位交还给君王，表示官员辞去官职或到规定年龄而离职。
D．历史上的“两京”有多种所指，文中则指明代永乐年间迁都以后的南北两处京城。
6．下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的一顶是（3分）
A．傅珪进入仕途，参与纂修文献。弘治年间，他兼任司经局校书，参与编修《大明会典》得以升职；
武宗继位，他进位左谕德，充讲官，修撰《孝宗实录》。
B．傅珪任职礼部．劝谏讲究策略。他担任礼部尚书时，由于屡有争端，上奏增多；番僧因帝好佛求地
百顷，他佯作不知皇上自称大庆法王，不理会给地的事。
C．傅珪守正不阿，反遭诬蔑报复。每遇大事，他都能坚持己见，不肯随意改易，因而触怒许多人；后
因得罪权贵被迫退休，虽有言官请留，他仍坚持离职。
D．傅珪为官清廉，死后受到好评。御史卢雍称赞他在位时有古代大臣风范，归乡后家无积蓄，艰难度
日；嘉靖元年，他被列为先朝守正大臣，追谥为文毅。
7．把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（10分）
（1）极陈时弊十事，语多斥权幸，权幸益深嫉之。
（2）又谓珪刚直忠谠，当起用。吏部请如雍言，不报。
【答案】
4．B
5．A
6．C
7．（1）极力奏陈其时社会弊病十件事，话语多指斥受宠的权贵，权贵愈加痛恨他。（译出大意给3分，“权幸”“嫉”两处，每译对一处给1分）
（2）又认为傅珪刚正忠实，敢于直言，应当起用，吏部按照卢雍的话上奏，没有回复（译出大意给3分，“忠谠”“报”两处，每译对一处给1分）
【考点定位】理解与现代汉语不同的句式和用法。能力层级为理解B。
5．试题分析：回答此类题目，必须熟记文学名著的主要内容，区分文学常识的概念，仔细察看题干中的修饰限制成分。
【考点定位】识记文学常识。能力层级为识记A。
6．试题分析：本题考查学生对文本内容的理解。C项“虽有言官请留，他仍坚持离职”有误。
【考点定位】归纳内容要点，概括中心意思。能力层级为分析综合C。
7．试题分析：本题考查学生翻译文言句子的能力。注重直译和意译相结合。
【考点定位】翻译文中的句子
2、下列词语中有错别字的一项是
A意境细腻啼唱萧索尖细且长
B碧绿落寞歧韵深味梳梳落落
C陪衬落蕊悠闲感触半开半醉
D点缀遥想幽远情趣不远千里
3、依次填入下列各句横线上的词语，正确的一组是（）
⑴对这位勇于纳谏的齐王，既佩服他的大智，也他的风度。
⑵这篇《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》的文章，给我们了一个宽大明智、精神高尚的形象。⑶齐王与厉王，那种谏谤的态度，得到的结果也截然相反。
A赞同竖立对付B赞赏树立对待
C赞赏竖立对待D赞同树立对付
4、下列各句中成语使用不恰当的一句是（）
A搞好国有企业，对巩固改革成果具有举足轻重的作用。
B我的好友终于考上了大学，这真大快人心的好消息。
C这种追赶时髦的媚俗作品，要不了多久，就会成明日黄花。
D看今日的中国，与百年前的旧中国早已不可同日而语了，岂能再任人欺辱！
5、下列各句中没有语病的一句是（）
A这部经典舞剧用丰满的艺术形象生动地阐明了“历史悬明镜，强盛不闭关”。
B4月13日深夜，苏北地区突然下起了一场多年罕见的狂风暴雨。
C我背着旅行包，来到这块山石缝里挤出来的土地，从心底感觉到它的富足和殷实。D爸爸看到我很高兴，上街买了一条活草鱼，准备做他的拿手菜——滑溜鱼片给我吃。
6、下列句子中标点符号使用正确的一项是（）
A今天的会议的主题，是讨论如何改进工作方法，提高工作效率。
B穿西装的问：“这一位是……”“我的大哥。”穿中山装的回答。
C“行啊，”小王停了一会儿说：“叫我干什么，我就干什么。”
D节日的北京，到处是人，到处是花，到处是欢声，到处是笑语……。
7、能与“云带钟声穿树出”组成对偶句的一项是（）
A风翻墨浪走蛟龙B风声度竹有琴韵
C风情流水当门转D风摇塔影过江来
8、填入横线上的比喻句，正确的一项是（）
层层的叶子中间，零星地点缀着些白花，有袅娜地开着的，有羞涩地打着朵儿的；正如一粒粒的明珠，。
A又如笼着轻纱的梦B又如梵婀玲上的名曲
C又如牛乳中洗过一样D又如碧天里的星星
9、下列句子中，加点的传统礼貌称谓使用正确的一句是（）
A这是您家母托我买的，您直接交给她老人家就行了。
B令爱这次在儿童画展上获奖，多亏您悉心指导，我们全家都很感谢您。
C我们家家都很严，令尊常常告诫我们，到社会上要清清白白做人。
D令郎不愧是丹青世家子弟，他画的马惟妙惟肖、栩栩如生。
10、下列各句与“徒见欺”属同一种句式的是（）
A蔺相如者，赵人也。
B何以知之？
C秦王斋五日后，乃设九宾礼于廷。
D而君幸于赵王。
二、课文阅读（共20分）
曲曲折折的荷塘上面，弥望的是田田的叶子。叶子出水很高，像亭亭的舞女的裙。层层的叶子中间，零星地点缀着些白花，有袅娜地开着的，有羞涩地打着朵的；正如一粒粒的明珠，又如天里的星星。微风过处，送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的。这时候叶子与花也有一丝的颤动，像闪电般，霎时传过荷塘的那边去了。叶子本是肩并肩密密地挨着，这便宛然有一了道凝碧的波痕。叶子底下是脉脉的流水，遮住了，不能见一些颜色；而叶子却更见风致了。
月光如流水一般，静静地泻在这一片叶子和花上。薄薄的青雾浮起在荷塘里。叶子和花仿佛在牛乳中洗过一样；又像笼着轻纱的梦。虽然是满月，天上却有一层淡淡的云，所以不能朗照；但我以为这恰是到了好处——酣眠固不可少，小睡也是别有风味的。月光是隔了树照过来的，高处丛生的灌木，落下参差的斑驳的黑影，峭楞楞如鬼一般；弯弯的杨柳的稀疏的倩影，像是画在荷叶上。塘中的月色并不均匀；但光与影有着和谐的旋律，如梵婀玲上奏着的名曲。
1、写月下荷塘的一段中有许多比喻句，任选两例说说这些句子美在哪里。（4分）
2、写月下荷塘的一段，是按照怎样的顺序记叙的？（2分)
篇8：英语真题答案解析
英语真题答案解析
有这样一道题：Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _________ a good college.
A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered
【分析】容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的.情态动词 could 就断定此处应填动词原形 enter。其实，此题正确答案应是B。此句为省略句，即在 could 后省略了动词 do，若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语(to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句：(could)
(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他们尽量安慰她。
(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。
(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。值得指出的是，这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题：
(4) He ran as fast as he could _________ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope B. hope C. hoping D. hoped此题的答案是 C不是A，其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。
(5) He spent every minute he could _________ spoken English.
A. practise B. to practise C. practising D. practised
此题答案选 C，这SPAN lang=E与前面动词 spent 的搭配有关，即 spend … (in) doing sth。若将此句补充完整，即为 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.
(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could __________ his oral English.
A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving
此题答案选D，注意两点：一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配，意为“把……贡献给……”；二是其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。
篇9：英语听力真题答案及解析
关于英语听力真题答案及解析
关于英语听力真题答案及解析
Conversation 1
一个女的转学来林肯学员学习环境，但是他选了宿舍没选公寓，她想问男的能改成公寓不，男的说：不行，谁叫你不看网页，女的说她看了但是只看了map，男的说：谁叫你不先看?公寓什么都有，厕所厨房客厅，上课还近，但是要多付钱。女的说没有早点选房间的原因是她那时候还在另一所学校，另外就是有钱。男的又说NO NO NO，去年大家都抽选过了不能改了，为什么不一开始就说?女的说我去拿时还没有转学啊，况且有人说我找你就行，男的问谁，女的说：不记得了。男的:… …。
-TPO部分对应参考 校园场景类TPO32-C2/T8-C2)
Lecture 1
地球的layer结构，Mantle,crust,core,并没有想象中那么简单，科学家发射一种wave探测，但是只能到达crust,mantle和core有着high pressure, geologist无法探测里面的结构，所以历史上地理学家常常借助physicist的帮助来研究地层结构，历史上，physicist曾经在实验室里创造类似底层内部的高压环境，用一种tool叫DAC，因为这种tool的受力面积很小，只要很小的force就能产生很高的preesure。科学家在使用tool时还heat it，以达到特定的temperature，把液体的水变成了一种ice crystal。后来研究人员在地层内部也发现了类似的crystal，地理学家发射一种wave去探测地层内部的温度，然后发现mantle和core交界处的温度有3000度。几个问题是lecture讲了关于什么的，提到的那个工具是个钻石diamond头的.，因为能增大压强，还有一题是科学家在的实验能够测量出什么，答案应该是mantle和core中间的温度。
-TPO部分对应参考(地质类TPO32-L3/TP32-L2)
Lecture 2
16世纪的画，先提了一下impressionism用的颜色注重色彩的运用，喜欢丰富，vivid，多彩的颜色。然后说主要讲的一种艺术，Venison作品则更注重色彩的质量而不是种类。有一种blue glass就被用来做颜料了。后面教授展示了一副很realistic的画，一个小男孩出现在门边，教授说这个小男孩的位置很有讲究，创造出了3D的效果。学生问天空不是蓝的是灰的啊，教授说是因为这个glass时间久了褪色了。
-TPO部分对应参考 (艺术文化类TPO27-L4/TPO16-L4)
Conversation 2
老师找学生说让学生当助教教高中生，关于什么莎士比亚，说是中学生不太喜欢学，希望这种大学生去增加趣味性然后说了大概要做什么事情，主要是一对一教学，但有时候有大课，有的时候还有演出。莎士比亚有部作品里有个人物是帮助观众理解的。学生最后提到时间很紧张但是肯定有时间去当助教。
篇10：托福阅读真题解析
Passage Three学科分类：生物
题目：The day length and reproductive time in animal
内容回忆：
第1段提出 动物一般都会在食物充分的时候生产，如果食物不够，后代不足以生存，那动物如何判断呢。有很多的环境线索，其中最重要的是日长，日长不但影响动物繁殖和生产还影响动物的迁徙和冬眠;
第2，3段讲到这日长影响动物的理论在1900初提出，后来在19得到论证，通过研究者多年观察某种鸟类迁徙过程，发现其都是固定时间生产和迁徙，发现比起时间，日照和温度的影响更大;
第4段讲热带因为日照季节差别小，所以不根据日照生产，但是人工条件下发现日照还是有影响的;最后讲到日长对动物繁殖生产有影响，但是影响不同。一般大的哺乳动物怀孕4-7月，但是马要怀孕11月。
词汇题：
1.formulate = investigate
2.invariable = always
3.retained = kept
篇11：托福阅读真题解析
Passage Two学科分类：生物
题目：The north long-neck turtle
内容回忆：
第1段介绍了生活在澳洲热带的long-neck turtle，它们的栖息地非常地特殊，会随着干湿两季的不同，改变栖息地;
第2段讲到研究者们找了两年也没有找到这种龟的栖息地，但是当地的土著人知道，他们知道这种龟会将蛋产在水下。为了验证这个说法，研究者在水下放了很多radio transmitter，turtle下蛋的时候，transmitter会附在蛋上，结果真的发现，long-neck turtle会在水下14-17米的泥下下蛋;
第3段讲为什么turtle会选这里下蛋，这和它们生存的环境有关，它们生存的环境没有稳定的水，干湿两季是主要原因。
第4段讲到 为什么这种龟下蛋在水下，蛋可以生存下来，不同于别的蛋，它们的蛋特别抗压。
词汇题：
1.ingenious = comprehensive
2.feat = achievement
3.bizarre = strange
4.unpredictable = viable
★ 托福阅读真题解析
★ 面试真题及答案
阅读真题及答案解析（合集11篇）
