【导语】“纠结”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了6篇托福阅读分类词汇：历史类考古学词汇，下面是小编精心整理后的托福阅读分类词汇：历史类考古学词汇，希望能够帮助到大家。
篇1：托福阅读分类词汇：历史类考古学词汇
托福阅读分类词汇：历史类考古学词汇
dwelling 住所 dweller 居民
savages 野蛮人 disclosure 揭露
remains 残余;遗迹 remnant 残余;遗迹
remainder残余，剩余物 residue 残余
primitive 原始的，最初的 prehistoric 史前的，陈旧的
archaic 古老的，陈旧的 medieval 中世纪的，仿中世纪 的;老式的
originate 起源，发生 excavation 挖掘，挖掘成的洞;出土文物
vestige 遗迹，痕迹 trace痕迹，踪迹
primordial 原始的 primeval 原始的
chronological 按年代顺序排列的 Paleolithic 旧石器时代的
Mesolithic 中石器时代 Neolithic 新石器时代
invaluable 无价的，价值无法衡量的 precious 宝贵的，贵重的
archeology 考古学 archeologist 考古学家
artifact 人造物品 relic 遗物，遗迹;纪念物
excavate 挖掘 carve 刻，雕刻
temple 庙 kingdom/realm 王国
empire 王国 emperor 国王 pharaoh法老
the Niles 尼罗河 pyramid 金字塔 statue 雕像
chart 绘图 skull 头脑;头骨 antique 古物，古董
warship 祭拜 site地址、遗址 exhume掘出
unearth 发掘，发现 scoop 汲取;挖掘 indigenous 当地人
antiquity 古代，古老，古代的文物 offspring/descendent 后代
托福阅读背景之美国历史词汇
?THE 1421 THEORY (14中国发现新大陆)
?EXPLORATION AND EARLY SETTLEMENT(地理探险与早期殖民)
?LOST COLONY & JAMESTOWN(失落的殖民地&美国第一个永远殖民地：詹姆斯镇)
?PLYMOUTH COLONY (普利茅斯殖民地)
?THE THIRTEEN COLONIES (美东最初的十三个殖民地)
?LIFE IN COLONIAL AMERICA (殖民时期美国生活)
?THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR (1754~1763) (印法战争)
?THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE (美国独立之路)
?THE BOSTON TEA PARTY (波士顿茶会事件)
?TEA HISTORY IN AMERICA (美国茶叶历史)
?THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS (第一次大陆会议)
?THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR BEGINS (1775~1783) (美国独立战争)
?COMMON SENSE (常识)
?THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE (独立宣言)
?THE CONSTITUTION (美国宪法)
?THE BILL OF RIGHTS (人权法案)
?THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE (刘易斯安纳购地)
?LEWIS AND CLARK(利瓦伊 & 克拉克将军美西探勘)
?THE WAR OF 1812 (1812~1814) (18英美战争)
?THE NATION MOVES WEST (国家西移)
?ALAMO (德州阿拉莫事件)
?MEXICAN WAR (1846~1848) (美墨战争)
?INDIAN WARS (美国与印地安人的战争)
?GOLD RUSH (淘金潮)
?FORTY-NINERS (旧金山四九人)
?THE CIVIL WAR (1861~1865) (南北战争)
?RESULTS OF THE CIVIAL WAR (南北战争的后果)
?RECONSTRUCTION(战后重建期)
?THE CATTLE KINGDOM OF THE GREAT PLAINS (美国中部大平原上的畜牧王国)
?THE HOMESTEAD ACT (安居法案)
?SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR (1898) (美西战争)
?ROARING TWENTIES 1920’s (辉煌的代)
?THE FLAMING YOUTH (跳跃的烈火青春)
?PROHIBITION (禁酒时期)
?MAFIA (黑手党)
?THE DECLINE OF THE PROHIBITION MOVEMENT (禁酒令的废除)
?THE ECONOMY-BOOM AND BUST (美国二零年代：经济的飙长与迅速萧条)
?GREAT DEPRESSION (经济大萧条)
?CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS(CCC公共资源保护队)
?WORLD WAR II (1939~1945) (二次世界大战)
?POPULATION BOOM IN THE WEST (战后的人口西拓)
新托福阅读背景知识：羊皮书制手抄本
羊皮书制手抄本
公元1前后，古希腊人将纸莎草纸裁成单页，双面书写，写完后粘成类似今书本型。这 种文献，史称“手抄本”。手抄本翻阅方便，载文量大，具备了现代书的外型，逐渐成为图书的标准形式。
公元前800年左右，中东地区帕加马人，迫于亚历山大城对纸莎草的封锁以及希腊地区两大图书馆的竞争，在公元前2世纪发明了用羊皮、牛皮制成羊皮纸的工艺。 它将绵羊、山羊、羚羊、小牛或其它动物的皮进行加工处理，弄薄后，在其上书写文字。所形成的古文献，史称“羊皮书”。羊皮书最初是书卷型的，后来演变为书本型。公元前200 年前后，帕加马成为羊皮纸的生产中心，并使该技术向各地传播。尔后羊皮纸的使用风靡罗马。
羊皮纸没有纸莎草那么笨重，而且可以折叠，成为“羊皮书”。公元1世纪，罗马人征服了地中海沿岸，没有建立起更大的图书馆，却建立了最大的档案管“Tabulation”。罗马的诗人可以在羊皮上 “发表”自己的作品，就是请专门的抄写手在羊皮上抄写多份并出售，尽管它在经济上并不合算。中世纪的欧洲，__世界里的修道院开始也使用纸莎草，后来转到使用高级的羊皮纸，而且往往有精美的插图，抄写《圣经》成为修道士的一种职业;在阿拉伯世界里，他们则用羊皮纸抄写《古兰经》。公元4世纪前后，由于羊皮纸 坚固、书写清晰，而逐渐取代纸莎草纸成为制作手抄本的材料。
篇2：托福阅读分类词汇精选：生物学类
托福阅读分类词汇精选：生物学类
chlorophyll 叶绿素
amino acids 氨基酸
protein 蛋白质
nitrogen 氮
photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用
botany植物学
botanist 植物学家
lichen 地衣，苔藓
fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类
algae(pl. alga) 海藻
bacterium(pl.bacteria) 细菌
organism 有机物
rodent 啮齿类动物
primate 灵长类动物
mammal 哺乳类动物
reptile 爬行类动物
predator 捕食者
prey 被捕食者
acquatic 水生的
artery 动脉
vein 静脉
fingernail 指甲
scale 鳞片
claw 爪子
horn 角
nourish 滋养，供给……营养
clam 蚌
crab 虾
beaver 狸
pond 池塘
puddle 水坑
snail 蜗牛
shrimp 虾
hormone 荷尔蒙
intestine 肠
corn 谷物
squash 南瓜
bean 豆类植物
nectar花蜜
pollen花粉
hive 蜂巢
moss 苔藓
hibernate 冬眠
penguin 企鹅
reef 礁
coral 珊瑚
beak 鸟嘴
enzymes 酵母
larvae 幼虫
tadpole 蝌蚪
caterpillar 毛虫
grasshopper 蚱蜢
toad 蟾蜍
herbicide 除草剂
secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌
pancreas 胰腺
odor 气味
roe 鱼卵
caviar 鱼子酱
raccoon 浣熊
gland 腺体
cricket 蟋蟀
托福阅读的做题策略分析
从题型来看，TOEFL阅读的特点是题量大，涉及的词汇面广。要想考好阅读，要求考生不光有扎实的英语基础，还需要精准的做题策略。
第一步：花两三分钟时间扫描每篇文章头一两个句子，做一个简短的scanning，定位文章难易程度，以及了解文章大致主题。虽然平均每篇文章做题时间为11分钟，但是有的文章七八分钟便可以轻松对付，有的文章则需要15分钟左右，所以这其中的时间安排就需要考生自主调节。一般来说，5篇文章中有2篇难度大一些，按部就班做题就有可能因时间不够而做错好几道题甚至是来不及做，带来巨大的损失。因此首先定位文章难易程度，同时目测文章的题量分布，这有助于科学分配阅读部分的做题时间，是非常必要的。
第二步：通过阅读文章结构来进一步进行scanning。所谓结构，即文章的骨架子。 TOEFL文章涉及人文社科和自然科学，大多是结构明确的议论文、说明文，它们最显著的特点是呈板块结构。 TOEFL文章均由数个自然段组成，正确的阅读文章的方法应该是把文章首句先吃透，文章首句经常为文章主题，然后把首段的其他句子尽快略读，文章其他段落采取同样的方法阅读。各段落其他句子一般来说都是用来说明各个段落的主题句，同时也应该看一下第二句，如果有转折词，则此时第二句才是这一段的主旨。没有必要每个句子都理解，很多时候这样做无疑是白白浪费时间。以最快捷的方式了解文章大意，从而正确引导下一步做具体的题，而不至于出现大方向的理解错误。而自始至终考生应该遵循这条原则：看完文章，才能开始做题。
做题时，考生们应该明白以下道理：
1、有据可循。每篇文章题目都根据文章布局一步一步向前推进，即使有个别题打乱文章布局，在题干里总是有提供信息的关键词将考生带入文章的具体部位。
2、回归原文。做题时，根据题干或选项的关键词回归文章寻找重现关键词或其释义的语言区域，同时排除相应的选项。
3、整句分析。遇到难句子时，应该对其进行句子结构分析，排除修饰成分，寻找主干部分，从而迅速把握整个句子的意思，不要盯着单个的词不放，不然就会因小失大。
4、基于事实。每个问题的四个选项或者是对文章中相关部分的正确释度、或者是歪曲原文、或者与原文毫不相干。换句话说，命题专家在设置试题时会玩一些文字游戏，用各种表达形式让考生晕头转向、雾里看花。考生应该明白自己的职责是辨别真伪，找到符合文章意思和题意的选项。
托福阅读真题训练1
Fungi, of which there are over 100,000 species, including yeasts and other single-celled organisms as well as the common molds and mushrooms, were formerly classified as members of the plant kingdom. However, in reality they are very different from plants and today they are placed in a separate group altogether. The principal reason for this is that none of them possesses chlorophyll, and since they cannot synthesize their own carbohydrates, they obtain their supplies either from the breakdown of dead organic matter or from other living organisms. Furthermore the walls of fungal cells are not made of cellulose, as those of plants are, but of another complex sugarlike polymer called chitin, the material from which the hard outer skeletons of shrimps, spiders, and insects are made. The difference between the chemical composition of the cell walls of fungi and those of plants is of enormous importance because it enables the tips of the growing hyphae, the threadlike cells of the fungus, to secrete enzymes that break down the walls of plant cells without having any effect on those of the fungus itself. It is these cellulose-destroying enzymes that enable fungi to attack anything made from wood, wood pulp, cotton, flax, or other plant material.
The destructive power of fungi is impressive. They are a major cause of structural damage to building timbers, a cause of disease in animals and humans, and one of the greatest causes of agricultural losses. Entire crops can be wiped out by fungal attacks both before and after harvesting. Some fungi can grow at +50 C, while o°thers can grow at -5 C, so ev°en food in cold storage may not be completely safe from them. On the other hand, fungi bring about the decomposition of dead organic matter, thus enriching the soil and returning carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. They also enter into a number of mutually beneficial relationships with plants and other organisms. In addition, fungi are the source of many of the most potent antibiotics used in clinical medicine, including penicillin.
1. What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?
(A) differences between simple and complex fungi
(B) functions of chlorophyll in plants
(C) functions of sugar in the walls of fungal cells
(D) differences between fungi and plants
2. Which of the following is mentioned as a major change in how scientists approach the study of fungi?
(A) Fungi are no longer classified as plants
(B) Some single-cell organisms are no longer classified as fungi.
(C) New methods of species identification have been introduced
(D) Theories about the chemical composition of fungi have been revised.
3. The word principal in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) true
(B) main
(C) logical
(D) obvious
4. According to the passage , how do fungi obtain carbohydrates?
(A) The absorb carbohydrates from their own cell walls.
(B) They synthesize chlorophyll to produce carbohydrates.
(C) They produce carbohydrates by breaking down chitin.
(D) They acquire carbohydrates from other organic matter, both living and dead.
5. The passage mentions shrimps, spiders, and insects in line 9 because their skeletons
(A) can be destroyed by fungi
(B) have unusual chemical compositions
(C) contain a material found in the walls of fungal cells
(D) secrete the same enzymes as the walls of fungal cells do
6. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?
(A) chlorophyll (line 5)
(B) polymer (line 8)
(C) hyphae (line 12)
(D) enzymes (line 14)
7. The word those in line 13 refers to
(A) tips
(B) hyphae
(C) enzymes
(D) walls
8. Fungi have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
(A) They grow hyphae.
(B) They secrete enzymes.
(C) They synthesize cellulose.
(D) They destroy crops.
9. The word Entire in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) certain
(B) whole
(C) mature
(D) diseased
10. The passage describes the negative effects of fungi on all the following EXCEPT
(A) buildings
(B) animals
(C) food
(D) soil
11. The phrase bring about in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) cause
(B) join
(C) take
(D) include
12. The passage mentions penicillin in line 25 as an example of
(A) a medicine derived from plants
(B) a beneficial use of fungi
(C) a product of the relationship between plants and fungi
(D) a type of fungi that grows at extreme temperatures.
托福阅读真题训练2
PASSAGE 16
The first flying vertebrates were true reptiles in which one of the fingers of the front limbs became very elongated, providing support for a flap of stretched skin that served as a wing. These were the pterosaurs, literally the winged lizards. The earliest pterosaurs arose near the end of the Triassic period of the Mesozoic Era, some 70 million years before the first known fossils of true birds occur, and they presumably dominated the skies until they were eventually displaced by birds. Like the dinosaurs, some the pterosaurs became gigantic; the largest fossil discovered is of an individual that had a wingspan of 50 feet or more, larger than many airplanes. These flying reptiles had large, tooth-filled jaws, but their bodies were small and probably without the necessary powerful muscles for sustained wing movement. They must have been expert gliders, not skillful fliers, relying on wind power for their locomotion.
Birds, despite sharing common reptilian ancestors with pterosaurs, evolved quite separately and have been much more successful in their dominance of the air. They are an example of a common theme in evolution, the more or less parallel development of different types of body structure and function for the same reason — in this case, for flight. Although the fossil record, as always, is not complete enough to determine definitively the evolutionary lineage of the birds or in as much detail as one would like, it is better in this case than for many other animal groups. That is because of the unusual preservation in a limestone quarry in southern Germany of Archaeopteryx, a fossil that many have called the link between dinosaurs and birds. Indeed, had it not been for the superb preservation of these fossils, they might well have been classified as dinosaurs. They have the skull and teeth of a reptile as well as a bony tail, but in the line-grained limestone in which these fossils occur there are delicate impressions of feathers and fine details of bone structure that make it clear that Archaeopteryx was a bird. All birds living today, from the great condors of the Andes to the tiniest wrens, trace their origin back to the Mesozoic dinosaurs.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Characteristics of pterosaur wings
(B) The discovery of fossil remains of Archaeopteryx
(C) Reasons for the extinction of early flying vertebrates
(D) The development of flight in reptiles and birds
2. Which of the following is true of early reptile wings?
(A) They evolved from strong limb muscles.
(B) They consisted of an extension of skin.
(C) They connected the front and back limbs.
(D) They required fingers of equal length.
3. The word literally in line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) creating
(B) meaning
(C) related to
(D) simplified
4. It can be inferred from the passage that birds were probably dominant in the skies
(A) in the early Triassic period
(B) before the appearance of pterosaurs
(C) after the decline of pterosaurs
(D) before dinosaurs could be found on land.
5. The author mentions airplanes in line 8 in order to
(A) illustrate the size of wingspans in some pterosaurs
(B) compare the energy needs of dinosaurs with those of modern machines
(C) demonstrate the differences between mechanized flight and animal flight
(D) establish the practical applications of the study of fossils
6. The word They in line 10 refers to
(A) powerful muscles
(B) bodies
(C) jaws
(D) flying reptiles
7. According to the passage , pterosaurs were probably not skillful fliers (lines 10-11) because
(A) of their limited wingspan
(B) of their disproportionately large bodies
(C) they lacked muscles needed for extended flight
(D) climate conditions of the time provided insufficient wind power
8. In paragraph 2, the author discusses the development of flight in birds as resulting from
(A) a similarity in body structure to pterosaurs
(B) an evolution from pterosaurs
(C) the dominance of birds and pterosaurs over land animals
(D) a separate but parallel development process to that of pterosaurs
9. The word classified in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) perfected
(B) replaced
(C) categorized
(D) protected
10. Which of the following helped researchers determine that Archaeopteryx was not a dinosaur?
(A) Its tail
(B) Its teeth
(C) The shape of its skull
(D) Details of its bone structure
11. What is the significance of the discovery that was made in southern Germany?
(A) It is thought to demonstrate that birds evolved from dinosaurs.
(B) It is proof that the climate and soils of Europe have changed over time.
(C) It suggests that dinosaurs were dominant in areas rich in limestone.
(D) It supports the theory that Archaeopteryx was a powerful dinosaur.
篇3：托福阅读专业分类词汇
托福阅读专业分类词汇大全
mathematics 数学
biology 生物
physics 物理
chemistry 化学
biochemistry 生物化学
geology 地质学
astronomy 天文学
oceanography 海洋学
meteorology 气象学
seismology 地震学
environmental science 环境科学
ecology 生态学
metrology 计量学
electronics 电子学
electronic engineering 电子工程
computer science 计算科学
archaeology 考古学
psychology 心理学
linguistics 语言学
introduction to literature 文学入门
history 历史学
anthropology 人类学
economics 经济学
statistics 统计学
accounting 会计学
philosophy 哲学
architecture 建筑学
sociology 社会学
ethics 伦理学
logic 逻辑学
aesthetics 美学
demography 人口统计学
托福词汇：与天文学相关的托福单词
ASTRONOMY
天文学
astronomical
天文的
astronomer
天文学家
astrophysics
天文物理学
astrology
占星学
deviate
偏离
cosmos (universe)
宇宙
cosmology
宇宙学
infinite
无限的
cosmic
宇宙的
celestial
天的
celestial body (heavenly body)
天
体
celestial globe
天球仪
terrestrial …
地球的，地球仪
celestial navigation
(astronavigation)
天文导航
stellar
星的
nebula (
复数
nebulae nebulas)
星云
nebular(nebulous)
星云的;星云状的
dwarf star
矮星
constellation
星座
planisphere
平面天球图, 星座图
galaxy (Milky Way)
银河系
observable
可观察到的
cluster
星团
solar
太阳的
solar system
太阳系
solar corona
日冕
solar radiation
太阳辐射
planet
行星
planetoid (asteroid)
小行星
revolve
旋转;绕转
twinkle
闪烁
naked eye
肉眼
Mercury
水星
Venus
金星
Earth
地球
Mars
火星
Jupiter
木星
Saturn
土星
Uranus
天王星
Neptune
海王星
Pluto
冥王星
orbit
轨道
spin
旋转
satellite
卫星
lunar
月球的
meteor
流星
meteor shower
流星雨
meteoroid
流星体
meteorite
陨石
comet
彗星
space (outer space)
太空/外层空间
spacecraft (spaceship)
宇宙飞船
space capsule
宇宙飞船座舱;航天
舱
spacelab
太空实验室
spaceman (astronaut; cosmonaut)
宇航
员;航天员
space suit
宇航服;航天服
space shuttle
航天飞机
space telescope
空间望远镜
托福词汇：与地理学相关的托福单词
GEOGRAPHY
地理
geographer
地理学家
hemisphere
半球
northern and southern hemispheres
北
半球和南半球
eastern and western hemispheres
东半
球和西半球
parallel
平行圈;纬线
latitude
纬度
temperate latitudes
温带地区
longitude
经度
horizon
地平线
equator
赤道
Tropics
热带地区
Arctic
北极
Antarctic (Antarctica)
南极
expedition
探险
zone
气候带
time zone
时区
topography
地形
plain
平原
lowland
低地
basin
盆地
cavern (cave)
洞穴
terrain
地域
subterranean (underground)
地底下
coastland
沿海地区
island
岛屿
continental island
地陆岛
coral island
珊瑚岛
islet
小岛
peninsular
半岛
continent
大陆
continental shelf
大陆架
ranges
山脉
valley
峡谷
canyon (
谷底有溪涧流过的)峡谷
channel (strait)
海峡
gulf 海湾
survey
测绘
elevation
海拔
altitude
高度
remote-sensing
遥感的
terrestrial
地球的;陆地的
globe
terrestrial heat (geothermal; heat of
the
earth’s interior)
地热
terrestrial magnetism
地磁
(geomagnetism)
地磁
托福词汇：与地质学相关的托福单词
GEOLOGY
地质学
geologist (geologician)
地质学家
geologic age (geological time)
地质
时代
geochronology
地质年代学
geoscience(earth science)
地球科
学
crust
地壳
continental crust
大陆地壳
oceanic crust
海洋地壳
layer (stratum;
复数
strata)
地层
mantle
地幔
core
地核
plate
板块
plate tectonics
板块构造论
fault
断层
disintegration (decomposition)
分解
erosion
侵蚀
fossil
化石
rock
岩石
sedimentary rock
沉积岩
metamorphic rock
变质岩
quartz
石英
limestone
石灰岩
marble
大理石
granite
花岗岩
magma
岩浆
prospect
勘探
sounding
测探
mine
采矿
mineral
矿物
ore
矿石
deposit
矿床
platinum
白金;铂
copper
黄铜
aluminum
铝
zine
锌
nickel
镍
mercury (quicksilver)
汞;水银
gem
宝石
diamond
钻石
emerald
绿宝石
ruby
红宝石
glacier
冰川
glacial
冰川的
glacial epoch (age, period)
冰川期
glacial drift
冰碛
iceberg
冰山
(ice)sheet
冰原;冰盖
frigid(refrigerated; freezing)
寒冷的
thaw (melt)
融化
retreat
后退
terminate(end)
结束
volcano
火山
active volcano
活火山
extinct volcano
死火山
eruption
火山喷发
crater
火山口
lava
火山岩浆
scoria
火山渣
volcanic
火山的
earthquake (quake;tremor; seism)
地震
seismology
地震学
hypocenter (focus)
震源
(earthquake; seismic; shock)wave
地震波
cataclysm
灾变
托福词汇：与生态学相关的托福单词
ECOLOGY
生态学
ecological
生态的
ecologist
生态学家
ecosystem
生态系统
balance (of nature)
自然界生态平衡
ecosphere(biosphere)
生态圈
ecocide
生态灭绝
preservation
(对自然区等的)保护
fauna
动物群
flora
植物群
rain forest
雨林
food chain
食物链
environment
环境
environmental
环境的
environmentalist
环境保护主义者
acid rain
酸雨
篇4：新托福阅读分类词汇
预言,兆头
adumbrate v.(对将来事件)预示
apocalyptic adj 预示灾祸的，启示的
augury n.预言,征兆,占卜
bode v.预示
extrapolate v.预测,推测
forebode v.预兆，凶兆
foreboding n.预感，预兆
forerunner n.预兆，前兆，先驱.
herald n.传令官，预示
hunch n.直觉，预感
omen n.征兆、预兆
ominous adj.预兆的、不祥的
portend v.预兆,预示
precognition n.预感,早知
predictable adj.可预知的,平庸的
prefigure v.预示,预想
presage n.预感,不祥感v.预示
prevision n.先见,预感
prognosticate v.预测,预示
sibyl n.女预言家，女先知
sibylline adj.预言的
fatidic adj 预言的
vaticinate v 预言，预告
foretaste v 预示，迹象，先尝试
foreordain v 预先注定
diviner n 卜者，占卦者，预言者
foreshadow vt 成为前兆,暗示,预示
premonition n 预告,预感,征兆
prophet n 预言者,先知,提倡者
prophecy n 预言,预言能力
auspicious adj.幸运的,吉兆的
harbinger n.先驱，先兆
portent n.凶兆,异兆
portentous adj.凶兆的,有危险的
precursor n.先驱,先兆
篇5：新托福阅读分类词汇
各种剂
analgesic n.镇痛剂，adj.止痛的
anesthetic n.麻醉剂
antiseptic n.杀菌剂，adj 防腐的
astringent adj.止血的，收缩的 n.收缩剂，止血剂
catalyst n.催化剂，促使事情发展的因素
coagulant n.凝结剂
desiccant n.干燥剂
detergent a.净化的，n.清洁剂
disinfectant n.消毒剂
dose n.(药)剂量，一剂
emollient n.润肤剂
haemostat n.止血器，止血剂
leaven n.发酵剂，影响力v.发酵，影响或改变
lubricant n.润滑剂
nebula n.星云，喷雾剂
opiate n.安眠药，鸦片制剂
overdose n.(药物)过度剂量
pesticide n.杀虫剂
placebo n.安慰剂
polish v.把…擦光亮n.上光剂,(态度等)优雅
preservative adj.n.防腐的,防腐剂
reagent n.试剂(导致化学反应)
sedative adj.n.(药物)镇静的，镇静剂
solvent adj.有偿债能力的，n.溶剂
stimulant n.兴奋剂，刺激物
tranquillizer n.镇定剂
styptic adj 止血的,n 止血剂
deodorant n 除臭剂，防臭药
precipitant n 恋 剂，adj 突如其来的
obtundent adj 止痛的n 缓和剂
abrasive n 研磨剂a 研磨的
antihistamine n 抗组胺剂
inhibitor n 止氧剂
篇6：新托福阅读分类词汇
个人资料有用词汇 A Useful Glossary for Personal Data
name 姓名
alias 别名
pen name 笔名
date of birth 出生日期
birth date 出生日期
born 出生于
birth place 出生地点
age 年龄
native place 籍贯
province 省
city 市
autonomous region 自治区
prefecture 专区
county 县
nationality 民族，国籍
citizenship 国籍
duel citizenship 双重国籍
address 地址
current address 目前地址
present address 目前地址
permanent address 永久地址
postal code 邮政编码
home phone 住宅电话
office phone 办公电话
business phone 办公电话
Tel.电话
sex 性别
male 男
female 女
height 身高
weight 体重
marital status 婚姻状况
family status 家庭状况
married 已婚
single/unmarried 未婚
divorced 离异
separated 分居
number of children 子女人数
none 无
street 街
lane 胡同，巷
road 路
district 区
house number 门牌
health 健康状况
health condition 健康状况
blood type 血型
short-sighted近视
far-sighted 远视
color-blind 色盲
ID card No.身份证号码
date of availability 可到职时间
available 可到职
membership 会员，资格
president 会长
vice-president 副会长
director 理事
standing director 常务理事
secretary general 秘书长
society 学会
association 协会
research society 研究会
托福对比词汇背诵积累
多对少
多的词汇
sheer bulk of 大量的 diversity 多样性 inexhaustible 无穷无尽的 broader 宽广的 specific 具体的 largesse 慷慨大方 generous 慷慨的 greatest 最大的 concentration 集中 diverse 多样的 group 团体 social 群居的 minutely 详细的 aggrandize 增大
少的词汇
few 少 meager 贫乏 simple 简单 minimize 最小化 synoptic 概要的 finite 有限的 harrow 狭窄的 sporadic 零星的 sparse 稀疏的 sketchy 粗略的 fragmentary 支离破碎的 single 单独的 individual 个人的，单独的 compendium 纲要
合并对分裂
合并类词汇
fusion 熔合 congruity 一致 uniform 统一的形式 integration 整合 combine 结合 integrity 完成性 whole 整体 incorporate 合并 assimilate 吸收，同化 adhere 粘附，坚持 kinship 血缘关系 embed 包含 interdisciplinary 交叉课程 synthesis 综合
★ 托福词汇高频积累
★ 雅思分类词汇
托福阅读分类词汇：历史类考古学词汇（精选6篇）
