【导语】“bubymm”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了6篇四六级阅读技能：理解,预测判断,和推理，今天小编就给大家整理后的四六级阅读技能：理解,预测判断,和推理，希望对大家的工作和学习有所帮助，欢迎阅读!
- 目录
篇1：四六级阅读技能：理解,预测判断,和推理
四六级阅读技能：理解,预测判断,归纳和推理
阅读理解除了要求正确理解事实细节的能力外，还经常需要考生根据一定上下文对某些词汇的意义进行推断、根据所读材料理解文章隐含的意义和深层次的含义、归纳文章主题思想、通过概括得出结论、综合判断作者态度等，这就要求考生具备相应的阅读理解微技能，与四级考试密切相关的一些微技能包括词汇的理解、预测、判断、归纳和推理。
词汇的理解
对于阅读中碰到的生僻词，我们首先要学会识别哪些情况下即使不了解词义也不影响对短文的理解；其次是转变对生僻词义认识上的态度，即在许多情况下不必了解该词的确切意义，尤其没有必要了解它在英汉辞典中的中文释义，而只需对该词词义的大概而笼统的理解就行。实践中，在确定了短文中哪些生僻词的词义有必要作一大概了解后，我们可以从以下两个角度来猜度词义：
(1) 构词知识
即利用单词的构词要素词根，前后缀来识记单词。
词根是一个单词的根本部分，代表词的基本意义；前缀是加在词根或单词前面的'部分，通常也有一定含义；后缀是加在词根或单词后面的部分，通常在增加词义的同时还改变词性。通过词根词缀构词的方式有多种，现简单归纳如下：
①前缀+词根：inter?(中间)+vene→intervene(介入)
②词根+后缀：circl(圆)+?let(小)→circlet(小环)
③词根+词根：tele?(远)+scope(镜)→telescope(望远镜)
④前缀+词根+后缀：in?(不)+aud(听)+?ible(可)→inaudible(听不见)
⑤双前缀+词根：re?(再)+dis?(取下)+cover(盖)→rediscover(再发现)
⑥词根+双后缀：care(用心)+?less(不)+?ly(地)→carelessly(不小心地)
⑦前缀+双词根：tri?(三)+gono(角)+metry(测量)→trigonometry(三角几何)
⑧双词根+后缀：biblio(书)+phil(爱)+?ist(人)→bibliophilist(书籍爱好者)
⑨双前缀+词根+后缀：ir?(不)+re?(反对)+sist(站)+?ible→irresistible(不可抵抗的)
前缀+词根+双后缀：se?(离)+greg(群)+?ation+?ist→segregationist(种族隔离主义者)
双前缀+词根+双后缀：un?(不)+pre?(先)+ced(走)+?ent+?ed→unprecedented(史无前例的)
(2) 上下文线索
利用上下文线索猜测词义的方法很多，但其核心是寻找与该生僻词相关的上下文意义线索，这些线索主要可归纳为以下几种：
①同义定义为了便于读者理解作者本义，作者有时会对文中的生僻词或专业性较强的词直接给出定义。在下定义时，作者常使用一些信号词，如：is/are(called)，means，can be defined as，refer to，is/are known as，signify等，例：
Food fallacies refer to beliefs about food that are not true
篇2：四六级阅读技能：理解、预测、判断、和推理
阅读理解除了要求正确理解事实细节的能力外，还经常需要考生根据一定上下文对某些词汇的意义进行推断，根据所读材料理解文章隐含的意义和深层次的含义，归纳文章主题思想，通过概括得出结论、综合判断作者态度等，这就要求考生具备相应的阅读理解技能，与四级考试密切相关的一些技能包括词汇的理解、预测、判断、归纳和推理。
词汇的理解
对于阅读中碰到的生僻词，我们首先要学会识别哪些情况下即使不了解词义也不影响对短文的理解；其次是转变对生僻词义认识上的态度，即在许多情况下不必了解该词的确切意义，尤其没有必要了解它在英汉辞典中的中文释义，而只需对该词词义的大概而笼统的理解就行。实践中，在确定了短文中哪些生僻词的词义有必要作一大概了解后，我们可以从以下两个角度来猜度词义：
(1) 构词知识
即利用单词的构词要素词根，前后缀来识记单词。
词根是一个单词的根本部分，代表词的基本意义；前缀是加在词根或单词前面的部分，通常也有一定含义；后缀是加在词根或单词后面的部分，通常在增加词义的同时还改变词性。通过词根词缀构词的方式有多种，现简单归纳如下：
①前缀 词根：inter(中间) vene→intervene(介入)
②词根 后缀：circl(圆) let(小)→circlet(小环)
③词根 词根：tele(远) scope(镜)→telescope(望远镜)
④前缀 词根 后缀：in(不) aud(听) ible(可)→inaudible(听不见)
⑤双前缀 词根：re(再) dis(取下) cover(盖)→rediscover(再发现)
⑥词根 双后缀：care(用心) less(不) ly(地)→carelessly(不小心地)
⑦前缀 双词根：tri(三) gono(角) metry(测量)→trigonometry(三角几何)
⑧双词根 后缀：biblio(书) phil(爱) ist(人)→bibliophilist(书籍爱好者)
⑨双前缀 词根 后缀：ir(不) re(反对) sist(站) ible→irresistible(不可抵抗的)
前缀 词根 双后缀：se(离) greg(群) ation ist→segregationist(种族隔离主义者)
双前缀 词根 双后缀：un(不) pre(先) ced(走) ent ed→unprecedented(史无前例的)
(2) 上下文线索
利用上下文线索猜测词义的方法很多，但其核心是寻找与该生僻词相关的上下文意义线索，这些线索主要可归纳为以下几种：
①同义定义为了便于读者理解作者本义，作者有时会对文中的生僻词或专业性较强的词直接给出定义。在下定义时，作者常使用一些信号词，如：is/are(called)，means，can be defined as，refer to，is/are known as，signify等，例：
food fallacies refer to beliefs about food that are not true.
或标点符号，如——，等，例：
multiplexing ——transmitting independent signals at the same time in the same channel——increases the efficiency of radio channels.
有时，作者用同位语形式或连词or给出定义，例：
nerve cells evidently first appeared in coelenterates, “hollowgutted” organisms like hydra and the sea anemone.
intelligent behavior remained impossible until the appearance of relatively big，complex types of brain——the types we find among the vertebrates，or backboned animals.
②近义复述同一短文中上下毗邻的句子通常有互释作用，我们可以从上下文的复述中获取与某一单词相关的信息来猜度词义。例：
mr. and mrs. firth had a long courtship. they dated for nine years before they got married.
although he often had the opportunity，mr. tritt never stole money from a customer. this would have endangered his position at the bank，and he did not want to jeopardize his future.
③反义对照在表示对照的上下文中，常包含有意义相反的词语或概念，这些意义相反的概念可以互为线索，帮助我们猜度词义。常有以下一些信号词：although，but，however，though，whereas，while，yet，on the contrary，on the other hand等。
例：chimpanzees(猩猩) in the wild use simple objects as tools，but in laboratory situations they can use more sophisticated items.
most dentists-offices are drab places，while emilio’s new office is a bright，cheerful place.
④搭配集合利用词与词的搭配或该词所出现的语境，我们也能推知词义的大概轮廓。例：
people gathered to look. three fine streams of hot water sprouted from holes in the jacket(套，壳) of the radiator.
a man is watering his lawn just as an attractive，well dressed girl walked by. as he ogles her，he accidentally turns the hose on his ugly，dowdy wife.
⑤比较举例上下文中的比较和举例，能揭示比较物或列举物之间的共性，我们可根据这些共性来推知有关词语的意思。例：
the consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area.
doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. they also regard drinking as harmful.
⑥因果时 间因与果、时 间的先与后都是事物发展变化过程中的必然关系，在利用上下文推测词义时，这些关系也至关重要。例：
robert is considered peremptory administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.
when mark was in pedantic mood，he assumed the manner of a famous professor and gave long lectures on boring, insignificant topics.
⑦常识包括我们的生活经历、经验常识以及自己专业方面的知识，在阅读到与自己专业相近的文章时，我们都会感到相对容易，这正是我们的专业知识在帮我们理解。例：
an apple falls down instead of up because of gravity.
an atomic clock is so precise that it can be used to check the accuracy of predictions based on einstein’s relativity theories.
预测在对付难文的阅读时，一定要善于在理解已知信息的基础上对随之可能出现的信息进行积极预测。预测时，应学会借助主题句、关联词语等篇章信息来提高预测的准确性。如，有一篇短文以这样一句开头：
many people believe the glare from snow causes snowblindness. yet…这里根据表示转折的关联词yet，预测到下面可能出现的是主题句，又必然要否定本句中许多人的观点，即snowblindness(雪盲)可能由glare from snow以外的其它原因引起。原文紧接着的是：yet，dark glasses or not，they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes，and even snowblindness，when exposed to several hours of “snow light”.
据此主题，我们可以比较有把握地预测到下文将着墨于引起“雪盲”的真正原因，原文如下：
the united states army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow-covered country. rather，a man’s eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain. so his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. finding nothing hour after hour，the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. nature offsets this irritation by producing more and more fluid which covers the eyeball. the fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs，then is obscured，and the result is total，even though temporary，snowblindness.
但预测不一定总是正确，它需要在继续阅读中予以肯定、否定或修正。上例中下文的内容与预测相近，表示理解过程正确。如预测与下文不一致，则可能：①对前面内容的理解有偏差；②据以预测的那部分语言信息可能有多种不同理解，因而可据以作出多种不同的预测。
预测有顺向预测和逆向预测两种，上面提到的为顺向预测。所谓逆向预测，实为预测的一种特殊形式，应用于已知下文要推知上文的场合。阅读中积极运用顺向和逆向预测，除了上面谈到的能提高对文章的理解深度外，还可帮助我们读懂本来难以读懂的章节。
判断
在阅读中，我们有时需要对文章内容的正误作出判断，有时需要借助上下文对个别词语的大意作出判断，有时需要根据关联，对上下文进行预测性判断，有时需要在综合分析的基础上，通过判断得出结论，有时还需要对作者语气态度、思想倾向等等作出判断。判断贯穿于阅读的全过程，也渗透在各种阅读微技能中。例：
(1) 判断推测句中omnivorous一词的大意
she has a wide interest and is an omnivorous reader.
根据句中她“兴趣广”这一上文和被修饰的reader一词，可大概判断omnivorous具有“兴趣广、什么书都喜欢读”等含义。
(2) 根据前文，判断下文
laziness is a sin, everyone knows that. nevertheless…
a) laziness can actually be helpful
b) laziness is a sign of mental illness
c) laziness is immoral and wasteful
d) you must be careful when you see someone lazy
根据第一分句的语义倾向和nevertheless一词，我们可得出这样的判断，即下文要谈的内容必然与之相反，即谈论laziness也有其有利、肯定的一面，故a最有可能。
(3) 判断作者观点
which of the following statements was written by someone who prefers small cars to large ones?
a) their excellent gas mileage and even their improved interior design notwithstanding，today’s compact cars simply fail to provide the feel a traditional motorist yearns for.
b) they lack some of the size and even the character of the full-sized autos we were accustomed to; but today’s compacts more than make up for this with their excellent gas mileage.
本题要求我们对a、b中哪种观点赞成小汽车作出判断。a句中主句对小汽车予以否定，句首对小汽车的肯定性陈述又被notwithstanding一词否定。答案是b，第一分句讲到小汽车的缺陷：缺乏大汽车的空间和气派；第二分句则认为小汽车的紧凑及其优秀的低耗油特征能远远弥补上述不足，前面以转折连词将作者观点转向第二分句。
归纳
归纳是一种由特殊(个别)到一般的概括，从阅读理解角度说，所谓个别即具体细节，所谓一般即章节段落的大意或主题，归纳是由特殊细节推向一般主题的概括过程。我们可以借助词的上下义关系来领会掌握并运用归纳这一方法。
(1) 句子的归纳
a) microwave ovens have eliminated many of the inconveniences previously associated with the preparation of meals.
b) many foods can go directly from the freezer to the microwave oven without being defrosted.
c) many microwave ovens can be pre-set to cook food while you are away from the kitchen.
d) the microwave oven has greatly reduced the amount of time it takes to cook a meal.
题中四句话都提到微波炉的好处，其中b、c、d 分别从方便、解冻、定时三个不同的方面具体讲述微波炉不同于传统炊具的优势，而a则从整体上覆盖了上述三句的内容，故a是对b、c、d的概括，上述分析、寻找最具概括意义之选项的过程即为归纳过程。推而广之，我们可用之于段落和短文主题的归纳。
(2) 段落大意的归纳
although most universities in the united states are run on a semester system, which offers classes in the fall and spring, some schools observe a quarter system comprised of fall, winter, spring, and summer quarters. the academic year, september to june, is divided into three quarters of eleven weeks each beginning in september, january, and march, the summer quarter, june to august is composed of shorter sessions of varying length. students may take advantage of the opportunity to study year around by enrolling in all four quarters, most students begin their programs in the fall quarter, but they may enter at the beginning of any of the other quarters.
a) universities in the united states
b) the academic year
c) the quarter system
d) the semester system
本段由四个句子组成，各句大意分别为：1)有些学校实行四学期制；2)学年从9月至下年7月，前三个学期各长11周，夏季学期最短；3)学生可于任何学期注册入学；4)但大多数学生秋季入学。通过上述四句大意的归纳，可知本段落主要讲述美国大学的一种学期制，即quarter system，答案为c。
(3) 短文主题的归纳
①proponents of father-attended childbirth assert that the father’s experience encourages him to develop a closer bond with his child…
②as a father of three teenagers from a previous marriage, one man compared his past experience as a new father to being in the delivery room during the birth of his newborn daughter…
③ women report that they are much less anxious and more aware of what is going on when their husbands are with them when they give birth…
a) the father-daughter relationship
b) baby’s first view of life
c) dad in the delivery room
文章共三段，分别给出了各段的主题句。第一段谈赞成女子分娩时丈夫陪在其身边的观点并认为这一经历有利于将来父子关系的发展；第二段从男子的角度谈妻子分娩时陪在其身边的感受；第三段则从女子自身的角度提到分娩时有丈夫在身边会感到踏实、放心。通过对三段主题句的综合概括，全文共同讨论的是：女子分娩时要不要未来的父亲候在产房，因此答案为c。
推理阅读除了需要理解文章的字面语义外，更需要透过字里行间领悟言外之意及作者的语气、态度，这就要求读者具有一定的推理能力。推理的前提就是阅读到的有关文字——可能是短语或句子或整个段落甚至整篇短文。读者必须由表及里、由此及彼，从字里行间悟出合乎作者本意的言外之意。推理的结果应是既来自于字里行间、又高于字里行间；既符合原文实际内涵，又超越实际内涵；既基于已知事实，又不仅仅是已知事实。
正确的推理要求：
1忠于原文，切忌用自己的观点取代作者原意；
2注意作者遣词造句的特点和倾向，客观推测作者立场、观点和写作意图；
3由同一已知事实可推出不止一个正确的结论。
例：apart from the obvious fact that rioters tend to come from the less well-off section of the community, there is no evidence that economic circumstances have any causal relationship with street violence.
a) there is some evidence for relating economic circumstances to street violence.
b) not all the people in the community referred to are poor.
c) there is no evidence that economic circumstances result from street viloence.
d) all rioters come from the poorer section of the community.
本例中，只有a可由原文推知，其中apart from所引述的正是经济环境与暴力的一种相关性；c否定了这一相关性，故与原文相悖；d与原句中“rioters tend to come from…”的原意不符：“往往”不等于“总是”；b则是原文第一部分的重述，不属推论。
阅读理解除了要求正确理解事实细节的能力外，还经常需要考生根据一定上下文对某些词汇的意义进行推断，根据所读材料理解文章隐含的意义和深层次的含义，归纳文章主题思想，通过概括得出结论、综合判断作者态度等，这就要求考生具备相应的阅读理解技能，与四级考试密切相关的一些技能包括词汇的理解、预测、判断、归纳和推理。词汇的理解
对于阅读中碰到的生僻词，我们首先要学会识别哪些情况下即使不了解词义也不影响对短文的理解；其次是转变对生僻词义认识上的态度，即在许多情况下不必了解该词的确切意义，尤其没有必要了解它在英汉辞典中的中文释义，而只需对该词词义的大概而笼统的理解就行。实践中，在确定了短文中哪些生僻词的词义有必要作一大概了解后，我们可以从以下两个角度来猜度词义：
(1) 构词知识
即利用单词的构词要素词根，前后缀来识记单词。
词根是一个单词的根本部分，代表词的基本意义；前缀是加在词根或单词前面的部分，通常也有一定含义；后缀是加在词根或单词后面的部分，通常在增加词义的同时还改变词性。通过词根词缀构词的方式有多种，现简单归纳如下：
①前缀 词根：inter(中间) vene→intervene(介入)
②词根 后缀：circl(圆) let(小)→circlet(小环)
③词根 词根：tele(远) scope(镜)→telescope(望远镜)
④前缀 词根 后缀：in(不) aud(听) ible(可)→inaudible(听不见)
⑤双前缀 词根：re(再) dis(取下) cover(盖)→rediscover(再发现)
⑥词根 双后缀：care(用心) less(不) ly(地)→carelessly(不小心地)
⑦前缀 双词根：tri(三) gono(角) metry(测量)→trigonometry(三角几何)
⑧双词根 后缀：biblio(书) phil(爱) ist(人)→bibliophilist(书籍爱好者)
⑨双前缀 词根 后缀：ir(不) re(反对) sist(站) ible→irresistible(不可抵抗的)
前缀 词根 双后缀：se(离) greg(群) ation ist→segregationist(种族隔离主义者)
双前缀 词根 双后缀：un(不) pre(先) ced(走) ent ed→unprecedented(史无前例的)
(2) 上下文线索
利用上下文线索猜测词义的方法很多，但其核心是寻找与该生僻词相关的上下文意义线索，这些线索主要可归纳为以下几种：
①同义定义为了便于读者理解作者本义，作者有时会对文中的生僻词或专业性较强的词直接给出定义。在下定义时，作者常使用一些信号词，如：is/are(called)，means，can be defined as，refer to，is/are known as，signify等，例：
food fallacies refer to beliefs about food that are not true.
或标点符号，如——，()等，例：
multiplexing ——transmitting independent signals at the same time in the same channel——increases the efficiency of radio channels.
有时，作者用同位语形式或连词or给出定义，例：
nerve cells evidently first appeared in coelenterates, “hollowgutted” organisms like hydra and the sea anemone.
intelligent behavior remained impossible until the appearance of relatively big，complex types of brain——the types we find among the vertebrates，or backboned animals.
②近义复述同一短文中上下毗邻的句子通常有互释作用，我们可以从上下文的复述中获取与某一单词相关的信息来猜度词义。例：
mr. and mrs. firth had a long courtship. they dated for nine years before they got married.
although he often had the opportunity，mr. tritt never stole money from a customer. this would have endangered his position at the bank，and he did not want to jeopardize his future.
③反义对照在表示对照的上下文中，常包含有意义相反的词语或概念，这些意义相反的概念可以互为线索，帮助我们猜度词义。常有以下一些信号词：although，but，however，though，whereas，while，yet，on the contrary，on the other hand等。
例：chimpanzees(猩猩) in the wild use simple objects as tools，but in laboratory situations they can use more sophisticated items.
most dentists-offices are drab places，while emilio’s new office is a bright，cheerful place.
④搭配集合利用词与词的搭配或该词所出现的语境，我们也能推知词义的大概轮廓。例：
people gathered to look. three fine streams of hot water sprouted from holes in the jacket(套，壳) of the radiator.
a man is watering his lawn just as an attractive，well dressed girl walked by. as he ogles her，he accidentally turns the hose on his ugly，dowdy wife.
⑤比较举例上下文中的比较和举例，能揭示比较物或列举物之间的共性，我们可根据这些共性来推知有关词语的意思。例：
the consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area.
doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. they also regard drinking as harmful.
⑥因果时 间因与果、时 间的先与后都是事物发展变化过程中的必然关系，在利用上下文推测词义时，这些关系也至关重要。例：
robert is considered peremptory administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.
when mark was in pedantic mood，he assumed the manner of a famous professor and gave long lectures on boring, insignificant topics.
⑦常识包括我们的生活经历、经验常识以及自己专业方面的知识，在阅读到与自己专业相近的文章时，我们都会感到相对容易，这正是我们的专业知识在帮我们理解。例：
an apple falls down instead of up because of gravity.
an atomic clock is so precise that it can be used to check the accuracy of predictions based on einstein’s relativity theories.
篇3：四六级阅读理解通用高分技能
四六级阅读理解通用高分技能
阅读理解除了要求正确理解事实细节的能力外，还经常需要考生根据一定上下文对某些词汇的意义进行推断、根据所读材料理解文章隐含的意义和深层次的含义、归纳文章主题思想、通过概括得出结论、综合判断作者态度等，这就要求考生具备相应的阅读理解微技能，与四级考试密切相关的一些微技能包括词汇的理解、预测、判断、归纳和推理。词汇的理解
对于阅读中碰到的生僻词，我们首先要学会识别哪些情况下即使不了解词义也不影响对短文的理解；其次是转变对生僻词义认识上的态度，即在许多情况下不必了解该词的确切意义，尤其没有必要了解它在英汉辞典中的中文释义，而只需对该词词义的大概而笼统的理解就行。实践中，在确定了短文中哪些生僻词的词义有必要作一大概了解后，我们可以从以下两个角度来猜度词义：
(1) 构词知识
即利用单词的构词要素词根，前后缀来识记单词。
词根是一个单词的根本部分，代表词的基本意义；前缀是加在词根或单词前面的部分，通常也有一定含义；后缀是加在词根或单词后面的部分，通常在增加词义的同时还改变词性。通过词根词缀构词的方式有多种，现简单归纳如下：
①前缀+词根：inter?(中间)+vene→intervene(介入)
②词根+后缀：circl(圆)+?let(小)→circlet(小环)
③词根+词根：tele?(远)+scope(镜)→telescope(望远镜)
④前缀+词根+后缀：in?(不)+aud(听)+?ible(可)→inaudible(听不见)
⑤双前缀+词根：re?(再)+dis?(取下)+cover(盖)→rediscover(再发现)
⑥词根+双后缀：care(用心)+?less(不)+?ly(地)→carelessly(不小心地)
⑦前缀+双词根：tri?(三)+gono(角)+metry(测量)→trigonometry(三角几何)
⑧双词根+后缀：biblio(书)+phil(爱)+?ist(人)→bibliophilist(书籍爱好者)
⑨双前缀+词根+后缀：ir?(不)+re?(反对)+sist(站)+?ible→irresistible(不可抵抗的)
前缀+词根+双后缀：se?(离)+greg(群)+?ation+?ist→segregationist(种族隔离主义者)
双前缀+词根+双后缀：un?(不)+pre?(先)+ced(走)+?ent+?ed→unprecedented(史无前例的)
(2) 上下文线索
利用上下文线索猜测词义的方法很多，但其核心是寻找与该生僻词相关的上下文意义线索，这些线索主要可归纳为以下几种：
①同义定义为了便于读者理解作者本义，作者有时会对文中的`生僻词或专业性较强的词直接给出定义。在下定义时，作者常使用一些信号词，如：is/are(called)，means，can be defined as，refer to，is/are known as，signify等，例：
Food fallacies refer to beliefs about food that are not true.
或标点符号，如――，()等，例：
Multiplexing ――transmitting independent signals at the same time in the same channel――increases the efficiency of radio channels.
有时，作者用同位语形式或连词or给出定义，例：
Nerve cells evidently first appeared in coelenterates, “hollow?gutted” organisms like hydra and the sea anemone.
Intelligent behavior remained impossible until the appearance of relatively big，complex types of brain――the types we find among the vertebrates，or backboned animals.
②近义复述同一短文中上下毗邻的句子通常有互释作用，我们可以从上下文的复述中获取与某一单词相关的信息来猜度词义。例：
Mr. and Mrs. Firth had a long courtship. They dated for nine years before they got married.
Although he often had the opportunity，Mr. Tritt never stole money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank，and he did not want to jeopardize his future.
③反义对照在表示对照的上下文中，常包含有意义相反的词语或概念，这些意义相反的概念可以互为线索，帮助我们猜度词义。常有以下一些信号词：although，but，however，though，whereas，while，yet，on the contrary，on the other hand等。
例：Chimpanzees(猩猩) in the wild use simple objects as tools，but in laboratory situations they can use more sophisticated items.
Most dentists-offices are drab places，while Emilio’s new office is a bright，cheerful place.
④搭配集合利用词与词的搭配或该词所出现的语境，我们也能推知词义的大概轮廓。例：
People gathered to look. Three fine streams of hot water sprouted from holes in the jacket(套，壳) of the radiator.
A man is watering his lawn just as an attractive，well dressed girl walked by. As he ogles her，he accidentally turns the hose on his ugly，dowdy wife.
⑤比较举例上下文中的比较和举例，能揭示比较物或
篇4：阅读理解推理判断题解题技巧
阅读理解推理判断题解题技巧
《考试说明》关于阅读能力的考查不但要求学生要理解具体事实细节，也要理解抽象的含义；既要理解字面意思，又要理解其深层含义，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等；既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系，又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理。NMET中，推理判断题的考查每年都占阅读理解试题的一半左右。推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题，很多考生对此类题型的解答感到很吃力，没有把握。下面笔者结合近年高考试题，谈谈推理判断题的解题技巧，希望对大家复习备考有所帮助。一、推理题常见的提问形式
常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude，learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等词提问。或提问中含有表示推测的情态动词，如can，could，might，would等和其他表示可能性的动词，如probably，most likely等。
二、推理题的.解题思路
如何做好推理判断题？笔者以为，考生做题时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。
首先，要求考生在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。在进行推理时，考生一定要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。
其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。
再次，在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。
针对细节的推断可运用scanning方法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。
针对主题思想作推断时，其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想，然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证(opinion and fact)、原因与结果(cause and effect)、主观点与次观点(main idea and supporting idea)。
三、推理题的解题方法
1. 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理
做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
例 2003安徽春季D篇
69. The text suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you _____.
A. suffer from poor health
B. feel tired and nervous
C. dream more often
D. breathe quickly
解析 解题时抓住第一段After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good h
[1] [2] [3] [4]
篇5：高三阅读理解训练 阅读技巧判断推理型(人教版高考复习英语教案教学设计)
英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，而是要求阅读者根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义，这就是判断推理题。判断推理题在阅读测试中属于难题。因此，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，哲学原理，并借助一定的常识进行分析，推理，判断。
推理题经常使用的提问方式有：
It can be inferred/ concluded that___________.
Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?
In which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed?
The passage implies, but doesn't directly state that___________.
The writer suggests that___________.
What's the author's attitude toward___________?
The writer probably feels that___________.
The author uses the examples of... to show that___________.
判断推理是一种创造性的思维活动，但它并非无章可循。
推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵。①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础；②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就是论事，断章取义，以偏概全。③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知。立足现在，预测未来。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；④要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。
一、细节推断题
要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。
【例题】
A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truth瞭ellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth瞭eller or not by asking only one question. He asks the native,“Go and ask the native in the distance which side of the island he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says, “He said he lives on the western side of the island.”
Is the messenger a truth瞭eller or not? How can the visitor be sure?
1. According to the messenger's answer, the visitor can conclude that_______________
A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth.
B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie.
C. it's hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.
D. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true.
2. The native in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island. According to his answer, which conclusion of the following is wrong?
A. He may live on the eastern side of the island.
B. He may live on the western side of the island.
C. He may be telling the truth.
D. He can't be telling the truth.
【解析】 第1题是推测有关信使（近处的当地人）的情况的。我们知道，讲真话的部落住在岛的西部，撒谎的部落住在岛的东部。这个信使去问远方的当地人住在岛的哪一边（东部还是西部）。远方的当地人只能有两种情况，要么住在岛的西部，要么住在岛的东部。如果他住在岛的西部，他就是一个讲真话的人，他就会如实回答他住在西部。如果他住在岛的东部，他就是一个撒谎的人。他本来住在东部，但在回答时，必须要说谎，他只能回答他住在西部。所以远方的当地人不管是住在东部还是西部，他的回答只有一个：“我住在西部”。如果信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在西部，信使无疑是说了真话，那么信使一定是住在岛的西部。反之，如果信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在东部，那么信使就说了假话，信使肯定住在东部。故此题答案是A。
第2题是推测远方的当地人的情况的。从短文提供的信息来看，我们无法判定远方的当地是住在岛的东部还是岛的西部，两种情况都是可能存在的。此题要注意情态动词的语气。A.“他可能住在岛的西部”;B.“他可能住在岛的东部”;C.“他可能讲了真话”。上述A、B、C三种情况都是可能的。D.“他不可能讲真话”，语气太绝对。推测错误。故答案为D。
二、因果推断题
要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。
【例题】
When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signedme to come near. When I walked over, she asked,“Are you single?“ “Why, yes.” I answered, smiling at her happily.
“So is my mother.“ she said, “Would you like to meet her?”
1. The writer talked about the waitress' age because he thought___________.
A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her
C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love withhim
2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because___________.
A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother
C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much
【解析】 这是两道推测原因的题目。女服务员每天向作者示好，作者产生误解，以为女孩对他有意。考虑到他们年龄相差悬殊，作者认为女孩爱上他有点奇怪。故第1题答案是D。女孩问作者是否单身，并提到她母亲也是单身，并邀请他与她母亲见面，可见，女孩每天向他问好，目的是想取得他的好感，进而搓和他和她母亲。第2题答案是C。
【例题】
The entertainment profession or “show business“ attracts many young people. Unfortunately, only very few can hope to become famous and successful. Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business .Without a good manager ,a performer can never hope to succeed .Fashion is important in this business, too. The best tailor in the world will never be a success if he makes old瞗ashioned clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must changehis “act” in order to follow the taste of the moment. This is true for actors, dancers and comedians ,but perhaps most of all singers.
“Pop“ stands for “popular” and a pop singer has to work very hard to become popular .He must either give the public what they already want, or he must find a new way of singing that will attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he can not relax. Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. The life of a successful pop singer is not at all easy. He can only relax when he is alone, because everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the “fans“.The fans are the most important people in the world for the singers. They buy his records, they go to his concerts and they make him rich and famous. But they can be very annoying, too. Sometimes their enthusiasm get so hysterical that they do anything to get a“souvenir”（纪念品）. They steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off pieces of the unfortunate singer's hair. Many singers have been forced to hide. A pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must always look smart or at any rate different. He must have a luxurious car. And - most important - he must always keep smiling for the benefit of his public .
1. Why must a pop singer have a good manager?___________.
A. To protect him from his fans B. To look after his business interests
C. To help him to change his “act“ D .So that he can relax
2. Why must a pop singer work even harder when he has become famous?___________
A. Because he wants to attract the attention of the public
B. Because he wants to sell more records
C. Because he wants to become popular
D. Because he wants to stay popular
【解析】 1. 答案为B。因果推断题。根据Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business. Without a good manager, a performer can never hope to succeed .我们可以知道，正因为这个行业竞争激烈，所以表演者需要一个好的经纪人。帮助演员策划和安排商业表演活动，协助他的演艺事业的发展。故B项正确。
2. 答案为D。因果推断题。Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. 一个成名演员要更加努力地工作，直接原因文中已有论述，即，表演行业是个竞争十分激烈的行业，新人不断涌现，对成名演员造成很大的压力。那么间接原因是什么？通过前面的分析我们可以推断出成名演员更加买力地工作，是因为他要保持他的名气，延长他的艺术生命。
【例题】
Once Napoleon stayed in a small inn. The next morning, he went to thank the ﹊nnkeeper.ァ癥ou, have served me well, innkeeper, ” said Napoleon. “I wish to reward you. Tell me what you want.“
“Sir, we want nothing, ” said the innkeeper.“But will you tell us something?“ァ癢hat is it?” Napoleon asked.
“We have heard a story.“ said the innkeeper, “that once during the war, a small village was taken by the Russians. You happened to be in the village. You hid while they looked for you. Will you tell us how you felt when they were looking for you?” Napoleon looked very angry. He called in two of his soldiers. Then he pointed to the door. The soldiers took the innkeeper and his wife out into the yard.
At the end of the yard was a wall. The innkeeper and his wife were led to the wall. The soldiers tied the hands of the innkeeper and his wife. Napoleon watched, saying nothing.
“Please, sir.“ begged the innkeeper, “Don't kill us! we meant nothing!” The soldiers moved back. The innkeeper saw them raising their guns. Then Napoleon called: “Ready! Aim!“ The wife screamed. “Stop!” said Napoleon. He went to the innkeeper, “Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, don't you?“
1. Why did the innkeeper ask Napoleon to tell him how Napoleon felt when he was being looked for?
A. He wanted to know the difference between a general and an ordinary people.
B. He looked down upon Napoleon, for he thought a great man shouldn't be defeated.
C. He showed his玸ympathy(同情) to Napoleon in time of danger.
D. He was interested in other's failure, especially Napoleon's.
2. Why did Napoleon ordered his men to tie the couple?
A. Because he wanted to teach the innkeeper a good lesson for bothering him.
B. Because he wanted to kill the couple to get rid of his anger.
C. Because he wanted to show that he was so admiring a general that nobody could upset him.
D. Because he wanted to made the innkeeper know that a general like him had the same feeling as the ordinary people in face of danger.
【解析】 1. 此题为因果推断题。根据“Sir, we want nothing, ” said the innkeeper.“But will you tell us something?“ 可以看出来，这个店老板问拿破仑这个问题是出于好奇。他想知道作为将军的拿破仑与普通人到底有什么区别。故答案为A。
2. 因果推断题。从最后一句话“Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, don't you?” 可以看出拿破仑并不想杀这个店老板，他这样做的目的是想让他体验一下他当时的感受。故可推出面对危险像拿破仑这样的将军与普通人没有什么两样。故答案为D。
三、人物性格、态度及观点判断题
高考阅读测试中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。做这一类题时一定要注意：
1）由表及里的准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。
2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措词，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。
3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
【例题】
A well-known old man was being interviewed and was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his 99th birthday, “That's right,“ said the old man. “Ninety-nine years old, and I haven't an enemy in the world. They 're all dead.”
“Well sir,“ said the interviewer, “I hope very much to have the honor of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday.”
The old man looks at the young man closely, and said, “I can't see why you shouldn't. You look fit and healthy to me!“
1. What kind of man would you say the old man was?
A. He was silly. B. He was unpleasant.
C. He was very proud and sure of his health.
D. He was very impolite to young people.
【解析】 记者希望在老人100岁生日时能再访老人，希望他能活到100岁。而老人故意歧解记者的话（我看不出你明年为什么不能采访我？你好像还很健康呀！）表现了老人对自己健康状态的自信。答案为C。
【例题】
Three men were discussing how to玠onate(捐献) money to God. At first they couldn't agree with each other, then they each told his own idea.
The first man said: “Let's draw a small circle on the ground and throw coins to the ground. The money out of the circle belongs to God.”
The second man added, “We will donate the coins inside the circle to God because God is in our hearts.“
The third man said: “Your ideas are not bad, but I have a better idea than yours. Let's throw coins into the sky. The coins that God accepts belong to him. So God can accept as much money as he can.”
At last, they agreed to the last idea, and they began to throw coins to the sky happily.
1. According to the passage, we can draw a conclusion:
A. All the three men were kind瞙earted.
B. The third man is more generous(大方)than the other two.
C. None of them believed in God.
D. Three men are all stingy(吝啬) people.
【解析】 从三人提的建议看，他们三人都不乐意给上帝捐钱，三人都是吝啬的人，故选D。
四、预测想象推理题
有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行预测推理。做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路（如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述），从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。
【例题】
We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially useful in automatic control, date processing(数据处理) and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day.More and cleverer computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.
However…
1. Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about inthe third paragraph?
A. Computers will soon stop developing.
B. Computers are as clever as man.
C. Many people like computers very much.
D.I don't think computers will replace us completely.
【解析】 本文采用了对比关系来描写。前面描写了计算机的优势，但作者用 however 一词预示将引出相反的观点，答案为D。
【例题】
There was ice on the road, and the doctor's car hit a tree and turned over three times. To his surprise, he was not hurt .He got out of the car and walkedto the nearest house, he wanted to telephone the玤arage(汽车修理厂) for help. The door was opened by one of his patients.
“Oh, Doctor.“ she said, “I have only just telephoned you. You must have a very fast car. You have got here very quickly indeed. There has been a very bad accident in the road outside. I saw it through the window. I am sure the driver will need your help”.
1. Which of the following is the most likely reply the doctor gave the woman patient at the end of the story?
A. “Yes, he does need help - your help, not mine.“
B. “Another accident? I've just had an accident myself?”
C. “I got your call and rushed over. I hope I'm not too late.“
D. “I didn't get your call. But I'm here and hope I can help”.
【解析】 出事故的车恰恰是医生的车，当他听他的病人说出事司机需要帮助时，他会不失幽默地说：“是的，他需要帮助，是你的帮助，而不是我的帮助”。--他要借用病人家的电话给修车厂打电话。答案是A。
五、写作意图推测题
此题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这种题型要求同学们不但能理解文章的内容，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。
【例题】
Imagine that the genome(基因组) is a book. The book consists of 23 chapters with thousands of stories made up of paragraphs, words and letters on different levels. There are one billion words in the book, which makes it longer than 5,000 volumes the size of this book, or as long as 800 Bibles. If I read the genome out to you at the rate of one word per second for eight hours a day, it would take me a century. If I wrote out the human genome, one letter per millimeter, my text would be as long as the River Danube.
1. The real purpose of the author's comparison of the genome to a book is___________.
A. to focus on the differences between the two
B. to lay emphasis on the similarities between the two
C. to simplify the concept of the human genome
D. to give an exact description of the human genome
【解析】 “基因组”是一个非常抽象难懂的科学术语。作者在这里把“基因组”比作一本书，使一般读者能通俗形象地了解“基因组”的概念。故答案为C。
【例题】
Beldon and Canfield are two seashore towns, not far apart. Both towns have many hotels, and in summer the hotels are full of holiday瞞akers and othertourists(观光者).
Last August there was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel in Beldon. The next day, this news appeared on page two of the town's newspaper. The Beldon Post: FIRE AT SEABREEZE
Late last night firemen hurried to the Seabreeze Hotel and quickly put out a small fire in a bedroom. The hotel manager said that a cigarette started the fire. We say again to all our visitors： “Please don't smoke cigarettes in bed.“ This was Beldon's first hotel fire for five years.
The Canfield Times gave the news in these words on page one：
ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE
Last night Beldon firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the Seabreeze Hotel. An angry holiday瞞aker said, “An electric lamp probably started the fire. The bedroom lamps are very old at some of these hotels. When I put my bedside light on, I heard a funny noise from the lamp.
” We are glad to tell our readers that this sort of adventure does not happen in Canfield.
What are the facts, then? It is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident. There was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel last August: that is one fact. Do we know anything else? Yes, we know that firemen went to the hotel.
Now what do you think of the rest of the “news“ ?
1. The Canfield Times used the 玥eadline(标题)like this in order to make its readers think ___________.
A. hotels in Beldon often catch fire
B. hotels in Beldon don't often catch fire
C. this was the second fire at the Seabreeze Hotel
D. Beldon was a good place except that hotels there are not quite safe
【解析】 答案为 A。作者意图推断题。本文通过两个对手城市的报纸对同一件火灾事故的不同报道，对新闻报道的真实性提出了怀疑。ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE中ANOTHER是个关键词，暗示了Beldon的宾馆火灾频繁。
篇6：考研英语复习阅读理解推理判断题考点
考研英语复习阅读理解推理判断题考点归纳
考研英语阅读理推理判断题经常四个选项是四个很长的句子，而且极有可能对应原文中截然不同的四个地方，考生就没有耐性一一定位。这是一种错误的方法，考生一定要每个选项都返回原文，找到相对应的考点。笔者接下来就考研经常在推理判断题中出现的考点做一个归纳总结。
推理判断题在这9年来呈现一个明显的上升趋势，题量仅次于细节事实题，现在每年基本考5-6题。
1、推理判断题的标志：infer， imply， suggest，All of the following/statements………NOT true/ correct/ mentioned EXCEPT
2.应该每个选项都返回原文，找出出处
考生经常会在这种题型出错，其实主要就源于一个“懒”。
推理判断题经常四个选项是四个很长的句子，而且极有可能对应原文中截然不同的四个地方，考生就没有耐性一一定位。这是一种错误的方法，考生一定要每个选项都返回原文，找到相对应的考点。笔者接下来就考研经常在推理判断题中出现的考点做一个归纳总结。
A)正话反说：
这是考研的一个难点，即作者实际表达的意思和你读到的字面意思是相反的。很多考生没有真正理解文章意思，只停留在字面意思的理解，经常会选错答案。而正话反说又可以分为以下几类：
Should：应该怎样?也就意味着实际上并没有那么干，也就是作者想表达的意思和字面意思相反。
It looks/sounds like/as if：看/听上去好像，实际并不是。如大纲样题(1997年真题第5篇)的首句“Much of the language used to describe monetary policy， such as ”steering the economy to a soft landing“ or ”a touch on the brakes“， makes it sound like a precise science.”下划线的字面意思直译“使之听上去好像一门精确的科学”，作者实际表达的意思货币政策并不是一门精确的科学。
虚拟语气：虚拟以所谓的反事实假设，即作者是既表达的意思和字面意思相反。如1996年第五篇的末句“And so it does - and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.”本句话字面意思直译是“如果理性成为创世论和进化论这场争议的惟一评判标准，那么一切都会变得好了”，作者实际表达的意思就是理性既不是惟一评判标准，而今天情况也并不好。
让步论述：让步论述就是先假设作者观点负面成立，从而引发出一系列荒谬的、不合理的结局，倒过来再次论证作者自身观点的正确性。因为有假设能成立的过程，事实上并不能成立，因此字面意思和实际意思依然是相反的。如大纲样题(1997年第5篇)首段“Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen， a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.”如果把货币政策比成开汽车的话(前文论证过货币政策不能比喻成开汽车，这里就是假设其观点的负面成立)，那么你就是开着一辆前挡风玻璃是黑的，后视镜是碎的，方向盘是坏的车(荒谬的不合理的`结局)。倒过来论证货币政策不能比成开汽车。
引号：引号可以起一个反语的作用。如1996年第5篇中“”Scientific“ creationism， which is being pushed by some for ”equal time“ in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given， is based on religion， not science.”引号表征是所谓的科学，作者表达的意思就是创世论并不科学。
反问句：反问也是一种正话反说。如2005年第2篇首段“That the evidence was inconclusive， the science uncertain?”字面意思“证据不确定，那么科学也不确定了吗?”很明显作者表达的意思是科学是certain的，而不是字面的 uncertain.
文化背景：在某些特定的文化背景当中，作者实际表达意思和字面意思相反。如2001年第5篇第一段“A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although， in the manner of a disgraced government minister， I covered my exit by claiming”I wanted to spend more time with my family“。”作者在这里只是借自身来反讽某些政府部长，即作者并不是政府部长，也不是想和家人共度美好时光。
B)深层次的含义：不能仅停留在字面意思理解
C)文章段落主旨：
D)全文末句：
E)文中带有解释性、结论性的句子
F)强对比结构
G)分类列举结构
3.与原文意思最接近，推理步骤最少的那一个作为正确选项
4.傻子原则：不要利用自己任何背景知识来做推理题。有背景知识只能帮助你读懂读文章，不会帮助你做对题目。因为即使一个选项符合常识，它也可能是一个文中未提及的信息，是错误答案。
2004年第二篇：
Over the past century， all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive： alphabetism. This， for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage， refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K. Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush‘s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking， six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi， Blair， Bush， Chirac， Chrétien and Koizumi)。 The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan， Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet， even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates， Buffett， Allen， Ellison and Albrecht)。
Can this merely be coincidence? One theory， dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged， is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school， teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front， to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row， and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications， because they get less individual attention， as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.
The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies， the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews， election ballot papers， lists of conference speakers and attendees： all tend to be drawn up alphabetically， and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
47、What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?
[A] In both East and West， names are essential to success.
[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.
[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies' names.
[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.(文章主题为正确答案)
48、The 4th paragraph suggests that
[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students.
[B] alphabetically disadvantaged s
★ 阅读理解指导
★ 阅读理解课（Ⅱ）
★ 简单推理教案
★ 推理测试题
★ 牡蛎阅读理解答案
四六级阅读技能：理解,预测判断,和推理（集锦6篇）
