【导语】“紫音”通过精心收集,向本站投稿了9篇提高英语阅读速度的方法有这些,以下是小编整理后的提高英语阅读速度的方法有这些,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。
- 目录
篇1:提高英语阅读速度的方法有这些
提高英语阅读速度的方法
1. Read only the first sentence of a paragraph.
If your author is good author, he or she will begin each paragraph with a key statement that tells you what that paragraph is about. By reading only the first sentence, you can determine if the paragraph has information you need to know.
如果作者够水准的话,他/她在每段的开头都会交代一下该段所的大概内容。只要读每段的第一句话,你就能够判断出该段有没有你想了解的信息了。
If you're reading literature, this still applies, but know that you may miss details that enrich the story. When the language in literature is artful, I would choose to read every word.
如果你读的是文学作品的话,这个方法依然适用。不过要知道,这样的话你可能会错过很多用于丰富故事的细节。如果所读的文学作品妙语连珠的话,我会选择逐字逐句地拜读。
2. Skip to the last sentence of the paragraph.
The last sentence in a paragraph should also contain clues for you about the importance of the material covered. A last sentence often serves two functions -- it wraps up the thought expressed and provides a connection to the next paragraph.
一段的最后一句话也应该会包含有关这段材料的重要性的线索。段末一句话一般来说有2个功能-总结一下所表达的思想;为下一段作过渡。
3. Read phrases.
When you've skimmed first and last sentences and determined the paragraph is worth reading, you still don't need to read every word. Move your eyes quickly over each line and look for phrases and key words. Your mind will automatically fill in the words between.
当浏览过段首及段末的两句话后,如果你觉得这段内容值得你去读,你也不必逐字通读。眼睛快速扫描每行文字,寻找词组和关键词。你的大脑会自动帮你补全那些跳过的文字的。
4. Ignore the little words.
Ignore the little words like it, to, a, an, and, be -- you know the ones. You don't need them. Your brain will see these little words without acknowledgment.
忽略诸如it,to,a,an,and,be等“小词”-这些词你太熟悉了。(在阅读过程中,)你并不需要他们。你的大脑会自动识别这些小词的。
5. Look for key points.
Look for key points while you're reading for phrases. You're probably already aware of the key words in the subject you're studying. They'll pop out at you. Spend a little more time with the material around those key points.
在以词组为单位进行阅读时,注意寻找要点。有关于文章中研究对象的关键词,可能你在事先已做到心中有数了。在阅读过程中,这些关键词会在你眼前跳出来。多花点时间在那些要点附近的材料上。
6. Mark key thoughts in the margins.
I know you were taught not to write in your books, and some books should be kept pristine, but a textbook is for studying. Mark key thoughts in the margins. If it makes you feel better, use a pencil. Even better, buy a packet of those little stickie tabs and slap one on the page with a short note.When it's time to review, simply read through your tabs.
我知道,大家从小就被教导不要往书上乱写。对于有些书应该是这样的,但教科书是用来学习的,可以在空白的地方记下一些重要的想法和心得。如果能让 你感觉更舒服的话,你可以用铅笔来记,更可以买些可粘贴的小便签,在上面记些短小的笔记,然后贴到书页上。到复习的时候,只要浏览一遍你的便签便可。
If you're renting your textbooks, make sure you understand the rules.
如果你的教科书是借来的,一定要懂规矩哦。
7. Use all the tools provided -- lists, bullets, sidebars.
Use all the tools the author provides -- lists, bullets, sidebars, anything extra in the margins. Authors usually pull out key points for special treatment. They're clues to important information. Use them all. Besides, lists are usually easier to remember.
对于作者使用的写作表现形式(如列表,文字前面作为强调的圆形符号,栏框等所有在空白处额外体现的东西),要加以充分利用。作者通常会把关键点拎出来加以特别处理。这些表现形式都是寻找重要信息的线索,一定要充分利用。此外,列表也通常更容易记。
8. Take notes for practice tests.
When you read something you know will show up on a test, write it down in the form of a question. Note the page number beside it so you can check your answers if necessary.
当读到一些你认为会在考试中出现的知识点时,把它以问题的形式记下来。在问题边上写下答案所在的页码,以便在必要时查看答案。
Keep a list of these key questions and you'll have written your own practice test.
把这些重要问题列在一起,你就可以进行自我模考了。
9. Read with good posture.
Reading with good posture helps you read longer and stay awake longer. Give your body a break. Sit in a healthy way and you'll last a lot longer.
阅读时保持一个良好的姿势能够让你更长时间地,清醒地进行阅读。让你的身体放松,保持健康的坐姿,你便能更长时间地看书了。
Much as I love to read in bed, it puts me to sleep. If reading puts you to sleep, too, don't read lying down.
我虽然喜欢躺在床上看书,但这也总是令我很快陷入昏昏欲睡的境地。如果你也是这样的话,那就不要躺着看书了。
10. Practice, practice, practice.
Reading fast takes practice, practice, practice. Practice makes all the difference.
要实现阅读速读的提高,你必须进行一而再,再而三的反复实践练习。熟能生巧,实践出真知。
Pretty soon you'll be reading faster without even realizing it.
相信很快,你就能在不知不觉中提高阅读速读啦!
篇2:提高雅思阅读速度有哪些方法
如何提高雅思阅读速度
如何提高雅思阅读速度为大家带来雅思阅读相关的技巧和经验。我们今天要谈的是雅思阅读的阅读速度问题,有同学经常因为雅思阅读速度过慢,读不完所有文章做不完题导致失分。这是可以通过一定的方法和训练进行提升的。今天我们就一起来看一看。
怎样的雅思阅读速度才算是合格了?
1 避免默读或唇读
这是很多考生在阅读英文的时候一定会陷入的误区,似乎只有默念甚至小声的读出来才能更有安全感的去理解文章,然而实际上我们说英文的速读最快也只能达到250 wpm,与我们速读的要求相差很多。如果除去唇读的时间,单纯地把阅读变成一种视觉接受信息的方式,速度会有很大提升。
当然这一点在初期矫正的时候会比较困难,如果你总是不自觉的吧你所看到的文章读出来,你可以试着一边看文章一边读1.2.3.4之类的最简单的词语。刚开始练习的时候你的英文理解专注力一定会受到干扰,但是一段时间的练习之后你会发现你的视觉思维处理能力大大得到了提升。
2 不要逐句翻译成中文
这是另一个非常容易影响你阅读速度的习惯。正常来说我们处理英文的过程就是reading-understanding,然而很多同学习惯于reading-translating-understanding,增加了一个翻译的环节会大大降低你的阅读速度。我们在skimming and scanning 的时候是要快速把控文章的大致结构和中心内容,因此考生不需要将每个单词都翻译成中文。
另外一点,大家一定要习惯直接理解“英文”,要培养用英文的思维方式去理解英文材料的能力。无论是阅读还是其它的听说写,直接用英文的思维方式相互转化,而不是一定要用“翻译成中文”作为中间环节。
3 排除干扰项
都说雅思托福考试时一场体力与精力的考验。60分钟的高强度阅读考试需要你的注意力高度集中。
大家在练习的时候有没有过这样的情况:读着读着思路就飘走了,盯着一句话好几遍都反应不过来它的意思,实际上你的大脑精神早就不在reading上了。这是因为我们从小接触的各类英文考试很少是长达几个小时并且时间非常紧迫的。
实际上注意力的集中时长是可以经过锻炼的。在托福雅思阅读中我们需要锻炼自己集中注意力的能力,不断提醒自己不要走神,习惯于高强度的英文阅读方式,这样才能提高我们的阅读速度与质量。
4 熟悉文章结构套路
这一点不仅仅在各类考试中很重要,在大家出国留学后面对海量的reading时,这方面能力会大大帮助你survive。以托福雅思作文中都很常出现的科技类说明文为例,一般文章主体都会包括这项科技的起源以及发展历史、实验过程、实际应用、一些科学界或相关人士对它的评价等等。
如果在速读过程中考生能够迅速判断一篇文章的类别以及明确这类文章一般会有的结构套路,那么你在快速浏览文章的过程中,你的阅读速度会大大提高。当然这方面的能力需要建立在大量的阅读练习的基础上,这里也提醒大家,速读练习的时候最重要的一点就是摸清文章的结构脉络。
5 词汇语法能力作基石
最后一点真的不需要赘述了。你掌握了再多的速读技巧,没有强大的词汇量和语法能力作为支撑,一切都是空谈。这里教大家一个小技巧:你在看文章的时候不要仅仅看逐个单词,要习惯于把词组和固定搭配一起放在视线范围内,这样在提高阅读速度的同时也能够提升英文理解质量。这也要求我们在背单词的时候要同时熟悉单词的常见词组以及固定搭配。
提高雅思阅读速度有哪些方法?
方法一、一揽众山法
适用人群:英语词汇量大,平时经常阅读英语文章或浏览英语网站,语法基础扎实,短期记忆力强,对自己的英语能力非常有信心的考生。
操作方法:拿到阅读试卷后浏览文章标题,然后选定一篇文章开始做题。选定文章后先阅读所有的题目,即13-14道题目,把每一道题目的关键词划出来并进行短期记忆。(注:关键词包括定位词和考点,定位词多以名词为主,考点则多以谓语动词和形容词副词为主)重点记忆一些定位性强的名词。看完题目之后去看文章,从头开始看,按文章的顺序和段落去理解,边看边回忆之前记忆中的定位词,看到了就用笔做一个记号。注意在看的过程中是要以理解文章为主,不要过多的去想题目的内容,主要是看懂文章。看完以后再去看题目,根据文章的内容去做题。如果有雅思阅读文章的内容记不清,就可以利用之前读文章时划出的定位词再回原文看一下然后确定答案。
优点:节省时间,做题速度快
缺陷:挑战考生英语能力和记忆力,并不适用于大部分考生,主要针对一些立志阅读考8分以上的考生。
如何提高雅思阅读速度
方法二、各个击破法
适用人群:英语基础不是非常好,词汇量缺乏,文章对其来说基本看不太懂的考生。
操作方法:拿到阅读试卷后浏览文章标题,然后选定一篇文章开始做题。但是选择的时候要注意题材的熟悉度,可以挑选自己相对还比较熟悉的题材先做。学生在日常的雅思阅读练习中可以熟练自己的拿手题型。选定后就开始审题。审题则是按照题型来看。首选是填空题和判断题,其次是选择和配对题。例如说文章后题型搭配为判断题+选择题+填空题,那么先审判断题这一部分题目,一题一题做,根据判断题的做题方法去做,而且可以利用顺序性去看文章找答案。做完判断题以后再做填空题,利用填空题的标题或第一句话中的名词去做定位,然后用填空题的做题方法去把填空题做完。最后去做选择题,因为选择题对于文章的理解要求比较高,对于程度不太好的考生来说会比较难做。
优点:能尽量保证填空题的正确率,在能得分的题目中保证得分。对于基础不是很好的考生来说是一个既能保证正确率又能相对节约时间的方法
缺陷:时间花费比较多,而且会多次重复阅读文章。
如何提高雅思阅读速度
方法三、如何提高雅思阅读?融会贯通法很重要
适用人群:有一定的英语词汇量,并参加过培训班,掌握了基础语法知识。
操作方法:拿到阅读试卷后浏览文章标题和文章后的题型,选择自己最熟悉的话题或者有自己最擅长的题型的那篇文章。然后浏览一下题型,确定下题型关注的先后顺序,也是先填空判断,后配对选择。但这种先后并不是绝对的,而是交替的,也就是在重点做填空判断之前已经将配对选择的定位词和关键词划出并记忆,然后在做填空判断时顺带这看看有没有配对题和选择题的定位词出现。如果程度稍好的同学则可以看一段文章,把这段文章中涉及到的各种题型的题目都完成,一段一段解决问题。但是用这种方法的时候要注意时间的把握。
优点:可以相对合理的安排时间去做题,也能保证容易做的题型的正确率。
缺陷:需要考生能随机应变,对不同的题型搭配要有合理的时间分配,可能会造成审题或看文章内容的混乱。
雅思阅读考前必看文章之教育心理类
雅思阅读:Now you know
When should you teach children, and when should you let them explore?
IT IS one of the oldest debates in education. Should teachers tell pupils the way things are or encourage them to find out for themselves? Telling children “truths” about the world helps them learn those facts more quickly. Yet the efficient learning of specific facts may lead to the assumption that when the adult has finished teaching, there is nothing further to learn—because if there were, the adult would have said so. A study just published in Cognition by Elizabeth Bonawitz of the University of California, Berkeley, and Patrick Shafto of the University of Louisville, in Kentucky, suggests that is true.
Dr Bonawitz and Dr Shafto arranged for 85 four- and five-year-olds to be presented, during a visit to a museum, with a novel toy that looked like a tangle of coloured pipes and was capable of doing many different things. They wanted to know whether the way the children played with the toy depended on how they were instructed by the adult who gave it to them.
One group of children had a strictly pedagogical introduction. The experimenter said “Look at my toy! This is my toy. I'm going to show you how my toy works.” She then pulled a yellow tube out of a purple tube, creating a squeaking sound. Following this, she said, “Wow, see that? This is how my toy works!” and then demonstrated the effect again.
With a second group of children, the experimenter acted differently. She interrupted herself after demonstrating the squeak by saying she had to go and write something down, thus suggesting that she might not have finished the demonstration. With a third group, she activated the squeak as if by accident. To a fourth, the toy was simply presented with the comment, “Wow, see this toy? Look at this!”
After these varied introductions, the children were left with the toy and allowed to play. They might discover that, as well as the squeaker, the toy had a button inside one tube which activated a light, a keypad that played musical notes, and an inverting mirror inside one of the tubes. All the children were told to let the experimenter know when they had finished playing and were asked by the instructor if they were done if they stopped playing for more than five consecutive seconds. The entire interaction was recorded on video.
Footage of each child playing was passed to a research assistant who was ignorant of the purpose of the study. The assistant was asked to record the total playing time, the number of different actions the child performed, the time spent playing with the squeak, and the number of other functions the child discovered.
The upshot was that children in the first group spent less time playing (119 seconds) than those in the second (180 seconds), the third (133 seconds) or the fourth (206 seconds). Those in the first group also tried out four different actions, on average. The others tried 5.3, 5.9 and 6.2, respectively. A similar pattern (0.7, 1.3, 1.2 and 1.2) pertained to the number of functions other than the squeak that the children found.
The researchers' conclusion was that, in the context of strange toys of unknown function, prior explanation does, indeed, inhibit exploration and discovery. Generalising from that would be ambitious. But it suggests that further research might be quite a good idea.
雅思阅读考前必看文章之教育心理类
Hustling spires
A psychological leap is needed—both in British academia and in Westminster
EMO OF FRIESLAND was Oxford's first recorded foreign student, and since 1190 they have kept pouring in. Both sides have benefited: Britain's universities, economy and culture have been enriched, and foreign scholars have been privileged to mix with the best. In recent years foreigners' higher fees have helped to keep increasingly hard-pressed institutions solvent.
Now, as rich-world students become more adventurous, and prosperous emerging countries churn out would-be undergraduates faster than good university places, the market in international higher education is booming. The number of students enrolled outside their home country has roughly trebled since 1980, on OECD figures. Britain is a world leader in this market, second only to America.
But the business is changing. In addition to the traditional Anglophone competitors for foreign students, many continental European places now teach in English. Countries that once consumed international education now provide it: Singapore is well on its way to becoming a regional hub. Universities (including British ones) are setting up campuses across borders. In short, students have more choice than ever; they are less likely to tolerate being fee fodder to subsidise Britons' education just because a brochure boasts an ancient-looking crest.
To flourish, British universities and their political masters must make a host of small changes and one huge one. The former mostly involve marketing. There is remarkably little differentiation now: Oxbridge colleges and former polytechnics all seem to have the same blurbs, which can lead foreign students to think they have been sold a pup. Too many universities think their job is done after the last exam: in fact forging strong alumni networks overseas is good for recruitment, good for ex-students and good for their alma maters' bank balances.
A geographic bias must be corrected too. China has been the big story, its students flooding Western campuses. Britain targeted that market well. But as that one-child country ages, India is the place to go for. Britain is belatedly trying to fix a change to the visa regime that angered many Indian students in particular by appearing to lump them in with subcontinental terrorists. There is talk of British universities teaming up with Indian ones. But more could be done.
The huge change is psychological: stop thinking of foreign students as mugs to be overcharged to subsidise poor Britons. That has never worked in any business and it is not going to work in this one. Rather concentrate on making British universities as good as possible. That above all means allowing them to charge domestic students something close to the real cost of their education.
This is fair:the average value of an education to the recipient exceeds the direst estimates of the fees involved. It also creates a virtuous circle. Better-funded universities can hire more good professors and build more modern laboratories. Britons will get a better education, and it will attract more foreign students too—who can help pay for more.
The man with the chequebook is your student
With their famous names and skilled workers, Britain's universities are in the same state as its motorbike-makers and banks were half a century ago. One clung to state handouts and the idea that people had no choice: it disappeared. The other decided to sell to the world and deregulated. For all the City of London's recent travails, it is surely a better model for Oxford, Cambridge et al than the likes of the BSA Triumph.
篇3:如何提高英语阅读速度以及笔记排版方法
如何提高英语阅读速度
抓住题目、首句、首段,推测文章内容
每一篇文章的题目、首句、首段往往是文章内容的高度概括。在开始阅读前,要根据这些推测文章的内容,这样做对理解文章起着不可估量的作用,在一定程度上扫清了可能出现的理解障碍,加速理解过程,提高阅读速度。
先看题干,带着问题读文章
即先看试题,再读文章。阅读题干,首先要掌握问题的类型,分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考察的是对文章的感情基调,作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。
其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位,再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比,有根有据地排除干扰项,选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率,节省了宝贵的时间。
根据上下文猜测词义来提高阅读速度
在阅读的过程中,我们都会不可避免地遇到生词。而在关键的地方,对这些生词词义的推测和正确理解与否直接影响到我们对句子意思的把握和对全文的理解,以及对文章内容的正确把握。词汇量的大小一定程度上影响阅读速度的快慢及阅读理解的准确率,因此在阅读过程中根据上下文猜词义就成了一个主要的阅读技巧。
在词汇量大致相同的情况下,有的同学能运用这一技巧准确理解原文,有的同学则只因为运用阅读中碰到二、三个生词而导致对原文的误解,还有的同学把许多时间花费在一、二个对原文的准确理解无足轻重的生词上,而影响完成阅读量。
抓住文章的主要内容,根据上下文猜测词义来提高阅读速度。少数生词的存在决不会影响阅读理解。猜测并不是无边无际地对文章进行自己的臆测,它要求学生能够调动自己的所有知识,文化的,语言的等等,克服自己由于词汇量的不足带来的阅读障碍,较为准确地掌握文章的中心内容。
利用略读来提高阅读速度
略读,即指读者以最快的速度粗略地对文章的内容获以梗概;而查阅,即指以最快的速度从一篇文章中淘沙拣金,获取读者所需的材料或信息,包括查找人名、地名、事件发生的事件或地点等。
首先快速浏览文章的前面几段,以便对文章的内容、背景、写作的风格以及作者的观点等有所了解,而对后面的一些段落可以只读每段的主题句。主题句一般位于句首、句末,也有少数插入段中。
根据构词法推测词义来提高阅读速度
英语中许多词由词根和词缀组成。引导学生掌握英语的词根、前缀和后缀,并懂得构词法,学生对构词法有一定的概念,了解词缀的意义不但是扩充词汇量的一条便捷途径,同时也可以帮助学生在阅读中判断生词的准确词意,从而提高阅读速度。因此,一定要重视利用词缀来扩充词汇量和通过理解词缀的意义来判断生词的确切含义,达到提高阅读速度的目的。
培养正确的阅读习惯,提高阅读速度
在阅读的过程中,头不要在阅读过程中来回移动,不要读出声,尽量不回视,一口气读完。不懂时,可根据问题的要求再回头重读,有针对性地查找相关信息。阅读时,以意群为阅读单位,不要逐词逐词的读,要养成这样的阅读习惯,必须经过长时期的训练才会有效果。而且,要注意将提高速度、丰富词汇量、扩大知识面与提高阅读能力,灌输阅读技巧有机地结合起来。
总之,阅读能力包括对文章的理解力和阅读速度两个方面。阅读速度和理解能力的提高都有赖于进行大量的阅读实践。质和量是辨证的统一,量的增加必然会导致质的飞跃。所以,只有每天坚持做一定数量的阅读理解,并坚持运用正确的阅读方法,才能提高阅读速度,进而提高阅读理解能力。
如何对笔记进行排版整理
一、5R笔记法
5R笔记法,是大家最熟悉的,是听课笔记的最佳首选。它分为记录、简化、背诵、思考和复习五步。
记录(Record)。首先把笔记本分为左右两栏,左右两边比例1:2,在学习过程中,尽量把一些重要的概念、论据等详细内容记录在左边。
简化(Reduce)。业余时间,根据左边内容,进行概括总结,将思路、概念、中心意思记录在右边。
背诵(Recite)。把左边遮住,只按照右边的摘记提示,复述学习的内容,尽量全面完整。
思考(Reflect)。在准备一些记录卡片,将重要内容独立记录,粘贴在笔记的相应内容区域,加深记忆。
复习(Review)。每周花半个小时快速复习笔记,根据概括总结回忆主要内容,快速记忆。
二、树形笔记法
树形图其实和现在流行的思维导图类似,应用于各个领域。形象生动,结构清晰。完成一幅树形图只需以下几个步骤。(目前各类电子笔记都添加了树形笔记的功能,可以借鉴使用)
首先把笔记的中心主题放在图的中央,加重注明,明确该树形笔记的重点。
打造枝干。根据笔记内容,由中央向四周扩散,将主要内容按条分列,一般设置6~7个比较好。
使用“关键词”记录各分枝的内容,方便记忆。
使用不同的符号、颜色、文字、图画和其它形象表达内容,容易识别,加深记忆。
进行横向、纵向联系思考,用箭头把相关的分支连起来。
根据自己的习惯建立自己的风格,目的就是帮助记忆。
复习。对同一问题多次重复绘制树形图,增强记忆。
篇4:提高高考英语阅读速度的四种方法
提高高考英语阅读速度的四种方法
阅读理解题是高考英语试卷中分值最高的题型,它能检测学生获取英语信息的能力及理解的准确程度,在某种意义上对考生试卷总分起着决定作用,下面,说说提高英语阅读速度的一些建议:
方法一:快速泛读(fast extensive reading)
这里讲的泛读是指广泛阅读大量涉及不同领域的文章,要求读得快,理解和掌握文中的主要内容就可以。要确定一个明确的阅读定额,定额要结合自己的实际,可多可少,例如每天读20页。
方法二:计时阅读(timed reading)
计时阅读每次进行5~10分钟即可,不宜太长。因为计时快速阅读,精力高度集中,时间一长,容易疲劳,精力分散反而乏味。
方法三:寻读(Scanning)
寻读又称查读,同略读一样,寻读也是一种快速阅读技巧。
寻读是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定信息,如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等,而对其它无关部分略去不读的快速阅读方法。
寻读与略读不同,略读时,读者事先对材料一无所知,而寻读则是在读者对材料有所了解的情况下进行的。具体地说,寻读带有明确的目的性,有针对性地选择问题的答案。
方法四:略读(skimming)
略读又称跳读(readingandskipping)或浏览(glancing),是一种专门的、非常实用的快速阅读技能,
(1)略读有下列几个特点:
A.以极快的速度阅读文章,寻找字面上或事实上的`主要信息和少量的阐述信息。
B.可以跳过某个部分或某些部分不读。
C.理解水平可以稍低一些,但也不能太低。
(2)略读可以运用下列技巧:
A.要利用印刷细节(typo鄄graphicaldetails),如文章的标题、副标题、小标题、斜体词、黑体词、脚注、标点符号等,对文章进行预测略读(previewskim鄄ming)。预测略读要了解作者的思路、文章方式(模式),以便把握大意,有关的细节及其相互关系。
B.以一般阅读速度(200~250wpm)阅读文章开头的一、二段,力求抓住文章大意,背景情况,作者的文章风格,口吻或语气等。
C.阅读段落的主题句和结论句。抓住主题句就掌握了段落大意,然后略去细节不读,以求得略读速度。
D.注意转折词和序列词。转折词如however,moreover,inaddition等;序列词如firstly,secondly等。
篇5:如何提高英语阅读速度
如何提高英语阅读速度
阅读理解题是NMET试卷中分值最高的题型,它能检测学生获取英语信息的能力及理解的准确程度,在某种意义上对考生试卷总分起着决定作用。理解的正确率和速度是阅读理解成败的关键。回顾多年的教学实践,下面就如何提高高中阶段英语阅读速度谈谈自己的做法:
一、增加词汇量
词汇量偏低是制约学生阅读速度的瓶颈。据统计,去年高考试题中出现的超出考纲的词汇多达59个,如果考生只满足于记住课本以内的词汇和用法,甚至连课本上的词汇都要大打折扣,怎么能适应大容量、快节奏的高考阅读要求?因此,扩大常用词汇必须成为我们英语教学中一项常抓不懈的工作。扩充词汇主要有三个渠道:精读、泛读、构词。在课本教学时要特别重视对学生词汇的考查,要通过听写、替换、造句等手段,促使学生首先记住课本上的基本词汇。其次教师要重视学生的泛读教学,通过补充大量英语课外读物,让学生在阅读中复习词汇、巩固词汇、增加词汇,并将补充词汇纳入考查范围之内。适当教给学生一些基本的构词知识有助于学生快速、高效地积累词汇,同时也为猜测生词提供一定的参考依据,便于学生在阅读过程中遇到生词时能观其形,知其意。
二、扩大知识面
阅读速度与阅读材料所涉及的话题有很大的关系。如果阅读材料是自己熟悉的.内容,阅读速度就会自然加快;反之,如果阅读材料所涉及的是非常陌生的话题,阅读速度便会很慢。所以增加一些题材广泛的泛读,扩大学生的知识面,让学生多掌握一些文化背景知识,了解当今英语国家历史文化、人物传记、科技教育等方面的社会知识对提高阅读速度是极其重要的,即便是增加非英语阅读也有助于英语阅读速度的提高。因此,除了教材外,我们还应该重视泛读教学,要选定一种内容广泛、话题时兴、难度适当的国内外优秀英语教材,(如New Concept English,Oxford English,the Multicultural Workshop等)作为泛读课本,并将其列入正式的教学计划,与精读一起进行考查。另外,还要鼓励学生多读英语报刊、杂志,切勿将英语教学局限在有限的课文教学之内,否则,想要大幅度提高阅读速度就是不现实的。
三、克服不良阅读习惯,坚持意群阅读
在快速阅读过程中,应注意克服一些不良阅读习惯以促进阅读速度有效提高。常见的不良阅读习惯有:指读、声读和回视。
指读是指为
篇6:GRE阅读速度提高方法
GRE阅读速度提高方法
1,先过了单词关。
不用文章所有单词都认识。甚至要尽量保持文章中一些名词不认识,这样可以去猜,练习猜词的能力,毕竟考试中肯定会有词不认识,要根据上下文推测下。
但是一些重要的形容词,名词,动词还是要认识的,因为这些词反映了作者的态度和文章的转折啊之类的结构。
而且对这些词要很熟练,一看到就能反应过来是褒义还是贬义,不能反应个半天的...
大家可以去背下阅读39+3后面的那个生词表,然后自己平时坐阅读时对于重要的可以推理作者态度的词也总结背下来。
2,每天练习下长难句
每天都看看杨鹏的长难句,不要看答案,自己尽量分析,用他的方法。
每看完一句长难句,都做一下他的意群训练,这个对提高阅读速度非常非常有帮助
看长难句最好每天都看一个小时,可以增加预感,也破除了对阅读的恐惧感,看的同时做意群训练可以增加阅读速度。
有老师说,看了长难句,做题会影响效果(因为长难句都是阅读中的句子,再看阅读会发现轻松多,因为最难的句子都读过了。。),其实我觉得还好吧,一些新g的阅读,很多都没有收录到长难句中
3,速度训练
看阅读的速度快了,一个是读的快,就像大家读中文可以一目十行的感觉
还有一个就是对gre阅读的逻辑框架熟透了。
比如看到作者第一句话说many people,prevail,past time就知道提出了一个老观点
然后马上就下意识到找接下来一定出新的however,but之类的转折,然后找新观点
然后再看是用什么方式论证的,是指出老观点不足呢,老观点错哪儿了,还是形式变化了等等
这样看完,把逻辑框架就把握住了,做主旨题,结构体,作者态度题就很轻松了
介绍下对这两种速度的一些个人经验
读的快:
集中用意群训练,每一眼看3,4个单词,形成这种阅读习惯,想想下自己是怎么读中文的,就怎么去读英文,当然肯定会比中文慢
读文章时,下意识的跳过一些介词,冠词之类的,就像大家读中文都跳过“的”这种词,尽量一句话读一遍,强迫自己不回视,这能大大加快速度,读的慢的同学是不是经常一句话反复读呢?
如果是ts这种重要的句子,可以读个两遍,加强理解。
因为英语的语序和我们不同,有时候只读一遍,确实难以一下子理解。
读gre逻辑框架:
很多教材都介绍了很多阅读把握逻辑框架的技巧,比如not only后的跳过,but also后的重点读,however后的要重点度之类的。
我想大家不能盲目记这些技巧,最好要自己亲手总结,适合自己的,毕竟很多时候gre细节题考的都是一些要”跳过的“插入语,或者for example之后的东西。如果读的时候直接跳过了,就会有问题。
其实这个读重点的方法是非常好的,however,不应该那么死记硬背的去用,要通过自己的总结,去形成一种直觉,什么后面的该读,什么后面的该快速扫过。
大家可以在刚开始读文章时,细细的读每句话,读完后,理解了整篇文章,脑子里默想下文章的框架和主旨,是什么观点,是怎么论证的,有哪些重要的证据和性质,老观点弱在哪儿,等等
然后回过头去,划出你认为是非读不可,不读就理解不了文章主旨的。而且只要读划下文字,就能达到同样快速理解文章主旨的效果。
刚开始划,会发现划了很多句子。
然后再做下一篇,划下一篇
等做了十篇左右,就会发现划出的文字越来越少了,自己也慢慢清楚了gre的文章套路,哪些是会考的,哪些可以忽略
这时候回过头去看划的第一篇,发现很多划出的部分是多余的,因为虽然有些句子也关系到主旨,但是却可以由其他的推理。
举个例子:一般反驳老观点的文章,看到第一个词many people,就可以扫过这句找however了,因为however肯定是指出他的不足和他对比,通过however的观点,脑子里就可以推出many people 的观点,这样就可以扫过不少内容。
再比如:有的以对比手.证的文章,仔细读下作者支持的一方面,就可以扫过不支持的一方面,因为是对比,可以推出一个的优点就是另一个的缺陷所在。
慢慢的联系,大家就会形成一种直觉了,跳过文章很多内容,划出一些重要的内容,以后看到这种词就会下意识的细读后面的文字,而其他的内容就会快速扫过。而且看一些文章,可以下意识的跟着作者思路走
作者提出了老观点,
就下意识的去下一句找新观点
作者提出了新观点,就下意识的去找新观点的优点
作者提出了新观点的优点,就下意识的看作者是怎么论证的,举例?对比?等等。。
一定要边读边动脑子,而不是盲目的吸收信息。大家都知道gre是逻辑考试,不是简答的语言考试,不要用做中学英语阅读的那套。
如果阅读中遇到读不懂的长难句,就仔细破,用杨鹏的方法找主谓宾,静下心来慢慢破个一小时,一句话总看得懂吧。
这样把握了结构做题的时候,遇到主旨题,细节题,作者态度题就直接秒杀了,不用回去看文章
然后遇到细节题,回去快速定位找下,毕竟文章理解了,定位就很快。
现在新g,阅读都很短,作者很难铺开写,所以逻辑非常清晰,这样做就很适合
如果是老g,有的文章太长,观点层出不穷。。一会儿论证,一会儿又反驳,就要适当做些笔记,稍微放慢点速度,边读边用脑子记。
练习的时候,每做完一篇阅读,就先心里默想下逻辑结构,用最短的话概括下,再去做题。
4,最后就是漫长的卡时间训练
可以从每篇文章6分钟,5分钟,4分钟根据个人情况一步步的训练
慢慢扔掉一些以前觉得一定要读的,因为没有那么多时间。
既然我们读的没别人快,只能少读点,用练成的直觉和推理来弥补。
根据每篇文章分配的时间,来有取舍的读,每篇短阅读2分钟读完,能读多少是多少,但是要把文章读完
而不是很细的读了前三句,后三句根本没看。。要宏观的读下全文
尽量少分配时间读文章,文章把握住逻辑结构,观点即可,细节不要太深究,加快节奏。
多分配时间做题,毕竟我们是为了做题才读文章的,不要没时间做题,盲目的凭感觉选(很坏的,凭感觉选经常会选到陷阱选项),做题时细想下,放慢点节奏。
5,体会下阅读和arg的关系
阅读和arg很像,确实是这样,大家把一片阅读简化后,发现就是一篇arg,作者举了一堆证据妄图证明一个观点,驳斥其他观点而新g中很流行的题型,比如怎么怎么样会support,或者undermine作者观点,其实就是arg中找反例,找逻辑错误的过程这样去解题就简单多了。
GRE阅读:长难句分析
The physicist rightly dreads precise argument,since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed,whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions. (5+)
物理学家恐惧于那些精确无误的论据不无道理,因为某种只有在它是精确无误的条件下才令人置信的论据,一旦它赖于建立其上的假设稍有变化,便会失去它一部的作用;而与此相反,一个尽管并不精确无误但却令人置信的论据,在其基本假设(underlying assumption)稍微受干扰的情况下,仍然有可能是站得住脚的。
难句类型:复杂修饰
解释:本句在文章中就是一个自然段,虽然长度比不上前面第一章中所举的那个长达10行的例子,但是难度绝不在那句话之下。本句堪称句子的大杂烩,连主句带从句居然一共有八个。从大往小说,由whereas连接了两个大句子,whereas后面的句子中的主语an augument之后又跟了一个定语从句that is convincing though imprecise, 修饰augument。whereas前面共有六个句子,由the physicist作主语的主句;由since引导的原因状语从句,修饰since从句中主语an augument的由that引导的定语从句,此定语从句中的条件状语从句only if it is precise; since从句中的条件状语从句if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed,以及修饰此从句中的主语assumptions的定语从句on which it is based一共八个句子,从句套从句,实在令人叹为观止。
然而,在考试现场去数句子的数目,是只有呆子才会干的事,读者们惟一要干的事就是反复阅读这句话,什么时候练到不必去想其语法结构就能按原文顺序读懂,才算初步掌握;再进一步把它读顺,直到你看不出这个句子有什么特别的地方,看上去还挺舒服就算训练成功。
However,as they gained cohesion,the Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a women’s group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres,who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon. (4-)
起初,蓝袜女们确实模仿了法国沙龙女主人,将男性襄括到其小圈子中来。然则,随着她们获得的凝聚力,她们渐趋将自己视作一女性团体,并拥有了一种妇女团结意识,而这种意识在法国沙龙女主人身上则荡然无存,因为她们每个人在其自己的沙龙中自视甚高而彼此孤立隔绝开来。
难句类型:复杂修饰
解释:本句读到表示并列的连词and开始变难。and之后的不定式与前面的不定式是并列的,to的前面省略了一个与前面一样的谓语came。 lacking之后的分词作定语修饰a sense of female solidarity其后的由who引导的定语从句又修饰逗号前面的salonnieres此从句中又有一个定语从句that each salonniere held in her own salon修饰其前的primacy,但是由于引导词that在从句中作宾语,因此被省略。
GRE阅读:长难句分析
什么是意群训练
在进入正题之前,先来看看意群的概念,对意群的解释目前流行几个版本,从阅读的意义上来讲,意群就是指我们平时阅读一篇文章时,视线每停留一次,进入我们视界范围的单词会有多个,而这些单词不带有任意性,单词与单词之间的逻辑意义紧密相连,我们可以暂且将这种意义紧密相连的多个单词视为一个意群。
我们要想将这种方法运用到实际的阅读当中,那我们就有必要知道,语篇的构成单位为段落,段落的构成单位则是句子,而句子的最终构成单位为语言意义的基本载体单元词汇。而我所讲的意群训练,是指按照对词汇之间意义的紧密性及对英语句子的结构进行拆分的阅读方法,这样不仅利于阅读速度的提升还可以提高一个人对语篇环境的适应能力。
例句1:
The primary method previously used by paleontol.ists to estimate climatic changes that occurred during Pleistocene glacial cycles [新世纪冰川周期] was the determination of 18O/16O [18O与16O分别为氧元素] ratios in calcareous fossils.
这个句子读完第一遍之后,如果你发现自己没有读懂这个句子是因为当中所出现的生词所造成的,那你错了,如若使用意群法对此句进行结构拆分,我们反而会发现其实这个句子读起来并是那么晦涩难懂。换句话说,如果将单词扩大到一个短语成分,分句,乃至整个句子,这样对文章理解起来更深刻也更全面
上面的那个句子,我将其解构为:一个主干结构,4个意群:
本句主干:Method[主语]+ Be[系动词]+Determination [表语],
四个意群分别为:1) The primary method previously used by paleontol.ist; 2) to estimate climatic changes that occurred; 3) during Pleistocene glacial cycles; 4) was the determination of 18O/16O ratios in calcareous fossils. 在这句话中,意群的划分依据为词语与词语之间的联系紧密度,意群1)应解释为: method前有The primary, 后有previously used by paleontol.ist,分别起到修饰method的作用,而意群2)则在此处用作动词use的目的状语,用来说明这种方法的用途所在, 意群4)为系动词+表语结构,整个句子的结构也随之开始变的清晰起来。
例句2:
In the Weary Blues, Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and integration, and that, in order to do so, it must reflect an understanding and mastery of Western European literary techniques and styles.
中文释义:
在<<忧郁的蓝调>>一诗中,休斯选择改变这样一些传统:即,那些曾经规定美国黑人文学必须以倡导种族容忍及种族团结为宗旨的文学传统,并规定为实现这一目标,美国黑人文学还须反映出对西欧文学技巧及风格的理解和娴熟运用能力的文学传统.
这段话中出现了,三个That,往往考生会在这几个that之间踌躇不定,尤其是第三个that后面的意群,in order to do so作为一个插入成分将that与紧跟that后的宾语从句分隔开来,第一个that起引导定语从句的作用,且第一个that可用which 来替代,而第二与第三个that起引导宾语从句的作用,第三个that前省略了动词decreed。当句子当初出现复合句时,尤其是宾语从句或定语从句,会以that为标志出现,而只要我们将that及其所引导的成分视为一个意群进行分析,我们读时才不会出现那种不得要领的阅读感觉
例句3
The petition asked that during June, July, and August the working hours be changed from 8 to 5 with an hour off for lunch to 7 to 3:30 with a half-hour for lunch
中文释义:此申请书请求6,7,8三个月份间的工作时间应从原来早8晚5改为现在的早7点上班晚3:30下班的工作时间制,而午餐时间则由原来的1小时改为现在的半小时。
如果我们能够分清此句的意群,我们就不至于读不懂整句话,本句结构为:The petition [主语]+asked[谓语]+that[后接宾语从句]。当我们看到be change时,便会一眼看到change 后的from……to……to……to,这时,问题便出现了,这里存在两个意群:1) 8 to 5 with an hour off for lunch; 2) 7 to 3:30 with a half-hour for lunch, 当我们理清这两个意群以后,整个句子开始变得流畅了许多。
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篇7:提高个人英语阅读速度
提高个人英语阅读速度
SQ3R is an active reading exercise that is designed to help you get a fuller understanding of your reading materials. You will need to keep a pen and some paper on hand to use this method. SQ3R stands for:
SQ3R读书法是一种有效的阅读练习,旨在帮助你更充分理解阅读材料。用这个方法是,你的手边要有一支笔与几张纸。SQ3R指的是:
Survey: The first step of SQ3R is to survey the chapter. Survey means to observe the layout of something and get an idea of how it is constructed. Skim over the chapter and observe the titles and subtitles, take a look at the graphics, and make a mental note of the overall layout.
纵览:SQ3R读书法的第一步是纵览各章,意思是观察该书的布局谋篇,认识到各部分如何衔接。浏览各章,观察标题与副标题,不要忽略图表,在心里记下整体布局。
The survey of the chapter gives you an idea of what the author considers most important. Once you have surveyed the chapter, you will have a mental framework of the reading assignment. Jot down any words that are in bold or italics.
纵览各章可以让你了解到作者认为什么最重要。这样做会让你在心中对该阅读材料有个大致框架。写下粗体字或斜体字。
Question: Jot down questions that address the chapter titles and boldface (or italicized) words you've noted.
提问:写出对你记下的章节名、粗体字和斜体字的疑问。
Read: Now that you have a framework in your mind, you can begin to read for deeper understanding.
阅读:既然现在你在心中已对阅读材料建立了大致框架,你就可以开始阅读,寻找更深层次的理解。
Start at the beginning and read the chapter, but stop and write down test questions for yourself as you go, fill-in-the-blank style. Why do this? Sometimes things make perfect sense as we read, but not so much sense later on, as we try to remember. The questions you form will help the information “sticks” in your head.
从开头一章一章地读,但是一边读要一边写下测试题,可以采用填空的形式。为什么要这样做?因为有时在阅读过程中我们觉得有些意图可能说得通,但之后试图记忆时就并非如此了。你出的题目可以把这些信息“粘”在你的头脑里。
Recite: When you reach the end of a particular passage or section, quiz yourself on the questions you’ve written. Do you know the material well enough to answer your own questions? It’s a good idea to read and answer aloud to yourself.
记诵:当读到某一篇末或章节末,用你出的题目测一测自己。你是否熟悉材料并且可以作答呢?大声朗读和回答是个好主意。
Review: For best results, the review step of SQ3R should take place a day after the other steps. Go back to review your questions, and see if you can answer them all easily. If not, go back and review the survey and the reading steps.
复习:为了达到最佳效果,应在其他步骤完成后的一天进行复习。温习你提的问题,看看是否可以轻松地回答出来。如果不行,再返回去从第一部开始,一步步温习。
扩展:“背锅”用英语怎么说
take the blame for sb.
take在这里表示“承受”的意思,blame是“责备”之义;for sb./sth. 是介词短语,表示“为某人”,整个短语就是“为他人承受责备”,就是“背锅”。
Why should I take the blame for others?
我为什么要代人受过?
to become a scapegoat1 for sb.
我不应该成为他的替罪羊。
I don't deserve to become a scapegoat for him.
篇8:雅思阅读提高方法之速度提高
雅思阅读提高方法之速度提高篇
方法一、一揽众山法
适用人群:英语词汇量大,平时经常阅读英语文章或浏览英语网站,语法基础扎实,短期记忆力强,对自己的英语能力非常有信心的考生。
操作方法:拿到阅读试卷后浏览文章标题,然后选定一篇文章开始做题。选定文章后先阅读所有的题目,即13-14道题目,把每一道题目的关键词划出来并进行短期记忆。(注:关键词包括定位词和考点,定位词多以名词为主,考点则多以谓语动词和形容词副词为主)重点记忆一些定位性强的名词。看完题目之后去看文章,从头开始看,按文章的顺序和段落去理解,边看边回忆之前记忆中的定位词,看到了就用笔做一个记号。注意在看的过程中是要以理解文章为主,不要过多的去想题目的内容,主要是看懂文章。看完以后再去看题目,根据文章的内容去做题。如果有雅思阅读文章的内容记不清,就可以利用之前读文章时划出的定位词再回原文看一下然后确定答案。
优点:节省时间,做题速度快
缺陷:挑战考生英语能力和记忆力,并不适用于大部分考生,主要针对一些立志阅读考8分以上的考生。
方法二、各个击破法
适用人群:英语基础不是非常好,词汇量缺乏,文章对其来说基本看不太懂的考生。
操作方法:拿到阅读试卷后浏览文章标题,然后选定一篇文章开始做题。但是选择的时候要注意题材的熟悉度,可以挑选自己相对还比较熟悉的题材先做。学生在日常的雅思阅读练习中可以熟练自己的拿手题型。选定后就开始审题。审题则是按照题型来看。首选是填空题和判断题,其次是选择和配对题。例如说文章后题型搭配为判断题+选择题+填空题,那么先审判断题这一部分题目,一题一题做,根据判断题的做题方法去做,而且可以利用顺序性去看文章找答案。做完判断题以后再做填空题,利用填空题的标题或第一句话中的名词去做定位,然后用填空题的做题方法去把填空题做完。最后去做选择题,因为选择题对于文章的理解要求比较高,对于程度不太好的考生来说会比较难做。
优点:能尽量保证填空题的正确率,在能得分的题目中保证得分。对于基础不是很好的考生来说是一个既能保证正确率又能相对节约时间的方法
缺陷:时间花费比较多,而且会多次重复阅读文章。
方法三、如何提高雅思阅读?融会贯通法很重要
适用人群:有一定的英语词汇量,并参加过培训班,掌握了基础语法知识。
操作方法:拿到阅读试卷后浏览文章标题和文章后的题型,选择自己最熟悉的话题或者有自己最擅长的题型的那篇文章。然后浏览一下题型,确定下题型关注的先后顺序,也是先填空判断,后配对选择。但这种先后并不是绝对的,而是交替的,也就是在重点做填空判断之前已经将配对选择的定位词和关键词划出并记忆,然后在做填空判断时顺带这看看有没有配对题和选择题的定位词出现。如果程度稍好的同学则可以看一段文章,把这段文章中涉及到的各种题型的题目都完成,一段一段解决问题。但是用这种方法的时候要注意时间的把握。
优点:可以相对合理的安排时间去做题,也能保证容易做的题型的正确率。
缺陷:需要考生能随机应变,对不同的题型搭配要有合理的时间分配,可能会造成审题或看文章内容的混乱。
以上就是雅思阅读提高方法之速度提高篇的全部内容,我们可以看出阅读速度慢的原因有很多种,且各位考雅思的同学的基础也不同,最主要的是能分析出自己做题速度慢的原因,然后对症下药,去解决速度慢的问题。提高雅思阅读的做题速度可以让我们首先做完题,拿分的可能性增高,并且能有一定的心理上的舒缓。
雅思阅读材料:不仅仅书中才有“黄金屋”
A 12th-grader wrote a college admissions essay about wanting to pursue a career in oceanography. Let’s call her Isabella. A few months ago, we edited it in my classroom during lunch. The writing was good, but plenty of 17-year-olds fantasize about swimming with whales. Her essay was distinctive for another reason: Her career goals were not the highlight of the essay. They were just a means of framing her statement of purpose, something surprisingly few personal statements actually get around to making.
一名级的高中学生写了一篇申请大学的文章,描述她想要从事与海洋学相关的职业。我们就叫她伊莎贝拉好了。几个月前,我们利用午餐时间在我的教室对文章进行了润色。文章写的不错,但充满了17岁少女的幻想,比如与鲸鱼结伴遨游。她的文章与众不同的另一个原因是:她的职业目标不是这篇文章的重点,只是完成她目的陈述的表达手法,这点很令人惊讶,因为事实上很少用这种方式写个人陈述。
The essay’s core concerned the rhetoric that educators had used to motivate her and her peers—other minority students from low-income communities. She’d been encouraged to think of college foremost as a path to socioeconomic mobility. Since elementary school, teachers had rhapsodized about the opportunities that four years of higher education could unlock. Administrators had rattled off statistics about the gulf in earnings between college graduates and those with only high-school diplomas. She’d been told to think about her family, their hopes for her, what they hadn’t had and what she could have if she remained diligent. She’d been promised that good grades and a ticket to a good college would lead to a good job, one that would guarantee her financial independence and enable her to give back to those hard-working people who had placed their faith in her.
文章的核心是围绕教育工作者的一些言论,他们一直用这些言论激励她和她的同龄人——来自低收入社区的少数民族学生。不断有人给她洗脑,上大学是位的,是改善社会经济地位的坦途。从上小学开始,老师就极力宣扬四年的大学生活能打开机遇的大门。学校领导能飞快地列举出各种统计数据,说明大学毕业生和只有高中文凭的那些人在收入方面的巨大差距。总是有人对她说,想想你的家人,想想他们寄予的厚望,如果能一直努力读书就会得到父辈无法拥有的东西。只要成绩好,拿到顶尖大学的录取通知书,保证就会有个好工作,有了好工作,不仅自己经济上能够独立而且还有能力回报亲友,这些人一直努力工作并且对她充满信心。
Thankfully, Isabella decried this characterization as shortsighted and simplistic. My guess is that only students like her ever have to hear it.
值得庆幸的是,伊莎贝拉批评这类说辞是目光短浅和头脑简单。我猜大概只有像她这样的学生才会听到这些。
The black and Latino kids I teach live in Inglewood and West Adams in Los Angeles. Their parents are house-cleaners, truck drivers, and non-union carpenters. When administrators, counselors, and teachers repeat again and again that a college degree will alleviate economic hardship, they don’t mean to suggest that there is no other point to higher education. Yet by focusing on this one potential benefit, educators risk distracting them from the others, emphasizing the value of the fruits of their academic labor and skipping past the importance of the labor itself. The message is that intellectual curiosity plays second fiddle to financial security.
我教的那些非洲裔和拉美裔学生都住在洛杉矶的英格尔伍德和西亚当斯。他们父母从事的工作是清洁工、卡车司机和非工会的木匠。当校长、辅导员和老师一次又一次地重复着,有了大学文凭会改善经济窘迫的情况,他们并不是指高等教育除了这点就没别的用处了。但是当只专注在获取这种潜在利益时,教育工作者们让学生注意不到别的事物,他们强调知识累积后成果的价值却忽略了知识累积本身的重要性。这种做法传递的消息是,求知欲排在经济保障之后。
While Isabella’s essay acknowledged her lack of economic advantages and portrayed with sensitivity her parents’ struggles, she was eager to focus first on nurturing her intellectual passion. She detailed how her curiosity about sea urchins and other marine life had led to a passion she wants to sustain through college and a subsequent career. College will ferry her to her intellectual destiny, not a financial windfall. She’ll make her life’s work what she wants to do, not just what she is able do.
虽然伊莎贝拉的文章承认她没有经济优势也敏感地描绘了她父母生活的困顿,但她盼望能将重心首先放在培养自己的求知欲上。她详细讲述了对海胆等海洋生物的好奇,这种好奇激发了她对海洋生物学的热情,她希望能在未来的大学生活和随后的职业生涯中一直保持这份热情。大学会把她送到知识海洋的彼岸,而不是送来意外的横财。她要让自己毕生的职业是她想要去做的,而不是她能去做的。
My students are understandably preoccupied with money. They don’t have the privilege to not worry about it. They fantasize about what their future wealth will permit them to enjoy. They dream about specific models of cars in certain colors and gargantuan houses in particular neighborhoods and opulent meals at their favorite restaurants any time they wish. Many swoon over the East Coast liberal arts colleges they visit on the special trips that my school is thoughtful enough to arrange. Colleges like Swarthmore and Haverford fly students like Isabella out during college applications season. A few are accepted but most attend state schools, which, especially in California, can provide excellent educational opportunities. The irony, though, is that many of these students aspire to go to a liberal-arts school but don’t necessarily understand its significance. They’re drawn to sleepy quads, weathered brick, and cascading ivy, but they are resolutely pre-professional in spirit.
可以理解我的学生们为什么十分在意金钱。他们没有资本不去担心。他们幻想着将来有钱可以让他们好好享受生活。他们梦想拥有某种颜色的限定款汽车、位于特殊社区的大豪宅以及随时可以在喜欢的餐厅享用丰盛的美食。许多学生参观东岸文科学院时几乎为之疯狂,我所在的学校用心良苦地安排了很多这种参观活动。大学申请季节时,斯沃斯莫尔和哈弗福德等大学会让伊莎贝拉这样的学生飞过去面试。少数几名学生会被东岸大学录取,但绝大多数学生会进入公立大学,尤其是加利福尼亚的大学,这些学校可以提供良好的受教育机会。但具有讽刺意味的是,很多向往文科学院的学生不一定了解这类大学强在哪里。吸引他们的是安静的校园、饱经风雨的墙砖和层层叠叠的常春藤,但在内心他们已经毅然踏入职前教育阶段。
In contrast, at the private school I attended for the last two years of high school, my classmates thought about what they wanted to learn in college, not only what they wanted to become. Some knew medical or law school loomed in the future, but they thought about the work in a different way. My privileged classmates enjoyed money, from what I could tell. A few reveled in their cars and clothes, but most appeared to take it for granted. They didn’t talk about it. Instead, a future doctor talked about working at the CDC to fight public health epidemics. A future lawyer envisioned starting a defense firm to provide a service to the hometown community. Most of us wanted to do something special.
与此相反,在我高中两年就读的私立学校,我的同学们考虑的是他们想在大学里学到什么,不仅仅只是他们想要从事的职业。有的同学知道将来很可能就读医学院或法学院,但他们以完全不同的方式思考未来。我那些有钱有势的同学很享受金钱带来的快乐,这点我看得出来。有人喜欢汽车,爱买衣服,但大多数人似乎觉得这理所当然。他们不谈论金钱。相反,未来的医生谈论在疾病预防控制中心的工作,治疗影响公众健康的流行病。未来的律师设想开办律师事务所服务家乡的社区。我们当中的绝大多数人想要做一些特别的事。
My students’ fantasies of the actual work they’d do in a well-paid professional capacity are vague by comparison—practicing law without knowing the difference between civil and criminal litigation or how to prepare for law school, doing business without an understanding of the nuts and bolts of entrepreneurship. While the vagueness stems from the lack of models in their communities, it also comes from the lack of imagination with which mentors have addressed their professed college plans. Students hear that being a doctor is great because doctors can make money, enjoy respect, and have a great life.They don’t hear that being a doctor is great because doctors possess the expertise to do great things.
相比之下,我那些希望从事高薪职业的学生们对工作实质毫无概念——想当律师的不了解民事诉讼和刑事诉讼的差别,也不知道读法学院要如何准备;想经商的不知道创业的各种细节。虽然这种茫然的根源来自他们的生活圈子里没有可以模仿的对象,但也由于缺乏想象力,因为导师们已经一手包办了他们自称的大学规划。这些学生听到的是,当一名医生很棒,可以赚大钱,受人尊敬,能过上富足的生活。他们没听到的是,当一名医生很棒的原因是,医生所具备的专业知识能让他们去做很棒的事。
When schools deemphasize the intellectual benefits of higher education, students become less imaginative about their futures.
当学校弱化高等教育对智力发展的重要性时,学生们对未来也变得不再富有想象力。
The rhetoric echoes the oft-cited work of Jean Anyon, an education researcher who died in September. Studying elementary schools, Anyon looked at how schools can condition kids for positions in life. She saw that schools teaching the children of affluent families prepared those kids to take on leadership roles and nurtured their capacity for confident self-expression and argument.Schools teaching children from low-income families focused on keeping students busy and managing behavior. A middle-class school deemphasized individual expression and in-depth analysis and rewarded the dutiful completion of specified rote tasks. In each case, according to Anyon, a “hidden curriculum” has prepared students for a future role in society. Some students learn to take orders and others learn to chart a course of action and delegate responsibility. School can either perpetuate inequity through social reproduction or have a transformative effect and help students transcend it.
这类言论也符合大家经常提及的吉恩?安扬(Jean Anyon)的研究,这位教育研究人员于今年9月去世了。在针对小学的研究过程中,安扬注意到学校是如何限定了孩子们的社会地位。她发现,在富裕家庭孩子就读的学校,老师教这些学生如何承担领导角色并培养他们充满自信地自我表达和演讲辩论。对低收入家庭的儿童,学校教育的重点放在让学生总是忙忙碌碌而且规矩听话。而中产阶级家庭孩子就读的学校弱化个性展示和深入分析,奖励学生尽职地完成指定的机械工作。根据安扬的研究,学校针对不同情况制定的“隐性课程”为学生们量身定制了未来的社会角色。有些学生学会服从命令,其他学生学会规划执行方案并且层层落实责任。学校可以通过社会复制让这种不公平延续下去,或者选择努力变革从而帮助学生超越它。
The rhetoric Isabella has heard about the purpose of college has a hidden message as well. When school environments casually yet consistently deemphasize the intellectual benefits of higher education, students become less imaginative about their futures. According to ACT’s College Choice Report from November 2013, 32 percent of students pick a college major that doesn’t really interest them. The same study suggests that students are less likely to graduate when they do this. As high school educators know, good students have less trouble getting into selective schools than they do graduating from them – especially first-generation minority college students like Isabella and her classmates.
伊莎贝拉听到的大学目标这类言论还潜藏了一个信息。当学校看似随意但不停弱化高等教育对智力发展的重要性时,学生对未来也变得不再富有想象力。根据11月ACT(美国大学入学考试)的大学选择报告,32%的学生选择了他们并不真正感兴趣的专业。这份研究还表明,做出这种选择的学生顺利毕业的可能也较小。高中老师都知道,好学生考取重点大学不难,但顺利毕业就难说了——尤其是少数民族的代移民大学生,比如伊莎贝拉和她的同学们。
College should be “sold” to all students as an opportunity to experience an intellectual awakening. All students should learn that privilege is connected to the pursuit of passions. People are privileged to follow their hearts in life, to spend their time crafting an identity instead of simply surviving. Access to higher education means that your values and interests can govern your choices. It makes sense that privileged 18-year-olds who have already learned that lesson gravitate to liberal-arts colleges. I would prefer not to live in a country in which rhetoric about the purpose of college urges kids from privileged backgrounds to be innovators and creators while the poor kids who do very well in school are taught to be educated, capable employees. Isabella figured it out on her own – much as she’s managed to ace her classes without academic help outside of school. To achieve this goal more broadly, though, we need to proactively teach our most marginalized students that honing an intellectually curious frame of mind is as essential to leading an invigorating working life as ambition and work ethic.
大学应该向所有学生“灌输”的是,有机会体验知识带来的觉醒。所有的学生都应该知道,享有特权与追求爱好息息相关。人们有权利按照心灵的指引生活,用生命打造自己独具的特性,而不仅仅是为了生存。接受高等教育意味着你的价值观念和兴趣爱好可以左右你的选择。享有特权的这些18岁孩子们已经得到了被文科学院吸引的教训,这很正常。我不愿生活在这样的国家,夸夸其谈大学的目的就是让有钱有势的孩子成为革新者和创造者,而品学兼优的穷孩子则被教育成有知识的合格打工者。伊莎贝拉靠自己明白了这个道理——就像她没有上过校外辅导班门门功课照样拿优一样。但为了让更多的学生也同样明白,我们需要主动告知我们最被边缘化的学生,想要拥有愉快的职业生涯,培养好奇心和求知欲以及保持进取心和职业道德都是缺一不可的。
雅思阅读解题技巧之段落标题
Paragraph headings(段落标题)最频繁的题型之一
在阅读文章的后面给出list of headings,一般是10个左右选项,其中含一到两个段落及其标题的例子。要求对题目中给出的段落,根据其内容找出与其相匹配的段落标题。尽管题目说明中提示一个选项可能会适用多个,但正式考试中一般一个选项只能用于一个段落。
段落标题类答题步骤:
1. 首先在list of headings中划去做为例子的heading 或headings,以免在根据段落内容在list of headings中找出与其相匹配的段落标题时,它(它们)会干扰考试者对其他headings的选择。
2. 在文章中把做为例子的段落划掉,以免对例子段落进行不必要的精读。
3. 对题目中给出的段落,按照首句(第一、二句)、末句和中间句寻找主题句的方法,在list of headings中找出与其相匹配的段落标题。
4. 如果时间允许,按照文章的段落顺序,对非题目中给出的段落及例子段落进行快速阅读,而对题目中给出并要求找出与其相匹配的段落标题的段落进行精读。找出其中心意思后,再在list of headings中找出与其相匹配的段落标题。
5. 选出几个可能匹配的题目进行比较(通常两至三个),当然其中只能有一个为正确答案。
6. 对于第一种匹配题型可以将最难的题留在最后进行匹配,不要在较难的题上花费更多的时间,而应选择较易回答的题目进行匹配,最后所剩即为该难题的答案。
7. 要仔细检察答案,特别是第一题型,因为答错一题,就意味着答错两道题。
雅思阅读提高方法之速度提高篇
篇9:如何提高你的阅读速度的方法
如何提高你的阅读速度的方法
SQ3R is an active reading exercise that is designed to help you get a fuller understanding of your reading materials. You will need to keep a pen and some paper on hand to use this method. SQ3R stands for:
SQ3R读书法是一种有效的阅读练习,旨在帮助你更充分理解阅读材料。用这个方法是,你的手边要有一支笔与几张纸。SQ3R指的是:
Survey: The first step of SQ3R is to survey the chapter. Survey means to observe the layout of something and get an idea of how it is constructed. Skim over the chapter and observe the titles and subtitles, take a look at the graphics, and make a mental note of the overall layout.
纵览:SQ3R读书法的第一步是纵览各章,意思是观察该书的布局谋篇,认识到各部分如何衔接。浏览各章,观察标题与副标题,不要忽略图表,在心里记下整体布局。
The survey of the chapter gives you an idea of what the author considers most important. Once you have surveyed the chapter, you will have a mental framework of the reading assignment. Jot down any words that are in bold or italics.
纵览各章可以让你了解到作者认为什么最重要。这样做会让你在心中对该阅读材料有个大致框架。写下粗体字或斜体字。
Question: Jot down questions that address the chapter titles and boldface (or italicized) words you've noted.
提问:写出对你记下的章节名、粗体字和斜体字的疑问。
Read: Now that you have a framework in your mind, you can begin to read for deeper understanding.
阅读:既然现在你在心中已对阅读材料建立了大致框架,你就可以开始阅读,寻找更深层次的理解。
Start at the beginning and read the chapter, but stop and write down test questions for yourself as you go, fill-in-the-blank style. Why do this? Sometimes things make perfect sense as we read, but not so much sense later on, as we try to remember. The questions you form will help the information “sticks” in your head.
从开头一章一章地读,但是一边读要一边写下测试题,可以采用填空的形式。为什么要这样做?因为有时在阅读过程中我们觉得有些意图可能说得通,但之后试图记忆时就并非如此了。你出的题目可以把这些信息“粘”在你的头脑里。
Recite: When you reach the end of a particular passage or section, quiz yourself on the questions you’ve written. Do you know the material well enough to answer your own questions? It’s a good idea to read and answer aloud to yourself.
记诵:当读到某一篇末或章节末,用你出的题目测一测自己。你是否熟悉材料并且可以作答呢?大声朗读和回答是个好主意。
Review: For best results, the review step of SQ3R should take place a day after the other steps. Go back to review your questions, and see if you can answer them all easily. If not, go back and review the survey and the reading steps.
复习:为了达到最佳效果,应在其他步骤完成后的一天进行复习。温习你提的问题,看看是否可以轻松地回答出来。如果不行,再返回去从第一部开始,一步步温习。
★ 怎样提高阅读速度
提高英语阅读速度的方法有这些(精选9篇)
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