托福阅读长难句解析

时间:2023-08-15 03:36:25 作者:人间天使柴小毛 综合材料 收藏本文 下载本文

【导语】“人间天使柴小毛”通过精心收集,向本站投稿了6篇托福阅读长难句解析,这里小编给大家分享一些托福阅读长难句解析,方便大家学习。

篇1:托福阅读长难句解析

长难句解析——外在信号与内在循环

原句案例:

The disorienting effects of this mismatch between external time cues and internal schedules may persist, like our jet lag, for several days or weeks until certain cues such as the daylight/darkness cycle reset the organism's clock to synchronize with the daily rhythm of the new environment.

词汇讲解:

disorient /d?s'?r??ntet/ vt. 使(人)迷失方向,使(人)混乱

persist /p?'s?st/ vi.坚持;持续

jet lag时差反应

synchronize /?s??kr??na?z/ v. 同时发生,与...一致

结构划分:

The disorienting effects(of this mismatch)(between external time cues and internal schedules)may persist, (like our jet lag), (for several days or weeks) (until certain cues such as thedaylight/darkness cycle reset the organism's clock) (to synchronize with the daily rhythm of the new environment).

深度分析:

这个句子主干部分就是The disorienting effects may persist

修饰一:(of this mismatch) ,介词短语

中文:这种不匹配

修饰二:(between external time cues andinternal schedules) ,介词短语

中文:在外在信号与内在循环之间

修饰三:(like our jet lag) ,介词短语

中文:像时差反应一样

修饰四:(for several days or weeks) ,介词短语

中文:几天或几周

修饰五:(until certain cues such as thedaylight/darkness cycle reset the organism's clock) ,从句

中文:直到一些外在信号像白天或黑夜重置了生物钟

修饰六:(to synchronize with the dailyrhythm of the new environment) ,非谓语动词

中文:以便和新环境的日常循环同步

参考翻译:

外在信号与内在循环不匹配引起的错乱反应可能会持续(像时差反应一样)几天或几周,直到一些外在信号像白天或黑夜重置了生物钟以便和新环境的日常循环同步。

长难句解析——气候揭露人类活动影响

原句案例:

One of the most difficult aspects of deciding whether current climatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities is that it is hard to get a measureof what constitutes the natural variability of the climate.

结构划分:

One of the most difficult aspects (of deciding)(whether current climatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities) is that it is hard to get a measure of (what constitutes the natural variability of the climate).

深度分析:

这个句子的主干就是: One of the most difficult aspects is that

修饰一:(of deciding) ,介词短语,修饰aspects

中文:确定

修饰二:(whether current climatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities) ,宾语从句,

中文:现在气候事件是否揭露了是人类活动影响的证据

修饰三:(what constitutes the natural variability of the climate) ,宾语从句

中文:什么组成了气候的自然可变性

参考翻译:

确定现在气候事件是否揭露了是人类活动影响的证据,其中最大困难之一在于很难去测量是什么组成了气候的自然可变性。

长难句解析——雕塑上描绘的各种行为

原句案例:

Unlike formal statues that are limited to static poses of standing, sitting, and kneeling, these figures depict a wide range of actions, such as grinding grain,baking bread, producing pots, and making music, and they are shown in appropriate poses, bending and squatting as they carry out their tasks.

词汇讲解:

appropriate /?'pr??pr??t/ adj. 适当的,合适的

squat /skw?t/ v. 蹲,伏下身子

结构划分:

(Unlike formal statues) (that are limited to static poses of standing, sitting, and kneeling), these figures depict a wide range of actions, (such as grinding grain, baking bread, producing pots, and making music,) and they are shown in appropriate poses, (bending and squatting)(as they carry out their tasks).

深度分析:

这个句子的主干就是:these figures depict a wide range of actions and they are shown in appropriate poses

修饰一:(Unlike formal statues) ,介词短语

中文:不像正式的雕塑

修饰二:(that are limited to static poses of standing, sitting, and kneeling) ,从句,修饰statues

中文:这些雕塑局限于站、坐或者跪的静态姿势

修饰三:(such as grinding grain, baking bread, producing pots, and making music,) ,介词短语

中文:例如磨谷物、烤面包、制壶或者奏乐

修饰四:(bending and squatting) ,非谓语动词

中文:弯腰或蹲下来

修饰五:(as they carry out their tasks) ,从句

中文:当他们做工作时

参考翻译:

不像正式的雕塑,他们局限于站、坐或者跪的静态姿势,而这些图像则描绘了各种行为,例如磨谷物、烤面包、制壶或者奏乐,他们以适当姿势呈现,当他们做工作时弯腰或蹲下。

长难句解析——蓄水层水量不足

Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.

句子分析

本句逗号比较多,容易使人看不清主要意思。本句中的but unfortunately引起前后两句的转折关系,在前半句中,indicate that引导的宾语从句,表达观点。在后半句中,核心意思是rates of addition of the aquifer are minimal,而其前面under the semiarid climatic conditions这个介词短语后有that引导的定语从句,修饰前面的conditions,最后amounting to(相当于)是现在分词作状语,对核心意思进行补充说明。

单词回顾

本句有一些地质学的词汇,比如:aquifer 蓄水层,semiarid 半干旱的,rates of addition 补水的速率。另外,请注意rate除了有“比率”的意思,还可以作动词,表示“评估,评价”,比如:This is rated as a five-star hotel. 这家酒店被评为五星级。She doesn’t rate herself very highly. 她自视不高。最后,amount to表示“相当于”,比如:a cargo amounting to 2,000 tons 共计2,000吨货物。

句子翻译

我们可以这样翻译:“据估计,蓄水层含有足够的水来填满休伦湖。但不幸的是,在目前处于该地区的半干旱气候的影响下,该蓄水层的补水率极低,总计每年大概半厘米左右。”

托福阅读题文章怎么理解?

托福阅读文章原型大都选自美国大学生使用的教材或者学术期刊,文章的选材范围极其广泛,涉及有自然科学包括:天文学、地质学、生物学、气象学等;人文科学包括:艺术美学、考古学、语言学、文学等;社会科学包括:政治学、经济学、教育学、人类学等学科。从选材范围可知道:托福阅读的文章内容不仅对同学们的知识存储量有一定的要求,同时对于我们的理解能力有一定的要求。

首先托福阅读分四个阶段:

第一阶段:不关心句子的意义,只关心语言符号,比如:猫坐在帽子上飞;黑色的太阳

第二阶段:获取主题和重点信息,即大的框架结构

第三阶段:能找出观点理论并确定观点的支撑细节;能分析整体框架。

第四阶段:针对某个特定主题,在很多相关资料中寻找需要的信息。

为什么需要这四个阅读阶段呢?是由阅读的三个特征来决定的:

1. 多书面语:词汇句式复杂

2. 论证严密:观点阐述严密,逻辑环环相扣

3. 结构复杂:多观点结构

下面通过一个段落具体讲解。3分钟来读以下段落:

Dinosaurs rapidly became extinct about 65million years ago as part of a mass extinction known as the K-T event, because it is associated with a geological signature known as the K-T boundary, usually a thin band of sedimentation found in various parts of the world (K is the traditional abbreviation for the Cretaceous, derived from the German name Kreidezeit).S1 Many explanations have been proposed for why dinosaurs became extinct. S2 For example, some have blamed dinosaur extinction on the development of flowering plants, which were supposedly more difficult to digest and could have caused constipation or indigestion—except that flowering plants first evolved in the Early Cretaceous, about 60 million years before the dinosaurs died out.S3 In fact, several scientists have suggested that the duck bill dinosaurs and homed dinosaurs, with their complex battery of grinding teeth, evolved to exploit this new resource of rapidly growing flowering plants.S4 Othershave blamed extinction on competition from the mammals, which alleged lyate all the dinosaur eggs—except that mammals and dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic, about 190 million years ago, and there is no reason to believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur egg safter 120 million years of coexistence. S5Some explanations (such as the one stating that dinosaurs all died of diseases) fail because there is no way to scientifically test them, and they cannot move beyond the realm of speculation and guesswork.S6

全段一共241个字,6句话,平均每句话都40个字左右。

拿第一句话Dinosaurs rapidly became extinct about 65 million years ago as part of a mass extinction known as the K-T event, because it is associated with a geological signature known as the K-T boundary, usually a thin band of sedimentation found in various parts of the world (K is the traditional abbreviation for the Cretaceous, derived from the German name Kreidezeit)为例子,这句话出现了K-T boundary,sedimentation,Cretaceous等词,不是常见词汇,而且这句话中包含了原因状语从句(becauseit is associated...),非谓语(known as.../found in...),同位语(usually a thin band of sedimentation...),插入语(K is the tradition abb...),所以总结一下,就是生词多,句式复杂。

第二点观点阐述严密,逻辑环环相扣。这一段第一句话的意思是恐龙灭绝了,紧接着第二句话说到Many explanations have been proposed 。第一个explanation是把恐龙的灭绝归咎于开花植物的发展,但是(except)开花植物在恐龙灭绝前6千万年前就已经进化了,进而否定了恐龙因为开花植物而灭绝这一解释。后面in fact这一句话更加证实了恐龙不是因为开花植物而灭绝。第二个explanation是因为哺乳动物吃恐龙蛋导致恐龙灭绝,但是(expect)在其灭绝前,恐龙和哺乳动物共处了1.2亿年,进而否定了恐龙因为哺乳动物而灭绝。最后一句话Some explanations fail既做了总结,又表达出态度:一些原因不能解释恐龙灭绝,呼应开头。

第三点结构复杂,多观点结构。第一句话Dinosaurs rapidly became extinct 呼应主题,交代背景。紧接着Many explanations...,for example后面来列举解释恐龙灭绝的原因。some.....原因解释1,破折号后面except表示转折,否定前面的原因;in fact 表示递进关系,进一步解释说明前面一句话的意思---否定恐龙灭绝是因为开花植物。others...原因解释2,破折号后面except表示转折,否定原因2。最后一句话Some explanations fail总结上文,明确表达出态度。整段是分(some......others......)——总(explanations fail)结构

篇2:例解析托福阅读长难句

托福阅读长难句实例解析 你有没有试过这样分析长难句?

一.例解析托福阅读长难句

1.句子

The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships: eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil).

2.难点

本句的难点在于句子的修饰成分比较复杂,句子主干淹没在长长的定语和状语中。遇到这种句子只需要理清各个成分的修饰关系,就算定语和状语很长,找到了句子主干和修饰关系,句子意思也就明朗了。这里需要分清楚定语和状语的区别,定语修饰的是名词性的成分,一般紧挨着被修饰词(比如,results for transit trade…,for transit trade修饰的是results),而状语则修饰非名词性成分,而且位置比较灵活,放在句首、句中或者句尾都不影响句子含义。

3.拆分

并列句1:The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships.并列句2:Eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil).

4.句子成分

并列句1:The people of the Netherlands, [主语] with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, [定语] had [谓语] difficulty [宾语] in developing good harbors suitable for steamships. [定语]

翻译:有着悠久传统的渔业和航运业的荷兰人,在建造适合汽船停靠的优良海港上遇到难题。

并列句2:Eventually [状语] they [主语] did [谓语] so [宾语] at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, [状语] with exceptional results [状语] for transit trade with Germany and central Europe [定语] and [连接词] for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials [定语] (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil). [同位语]

翻译:在鹿特丹和阿姆斯特丹他们终于做到了,同时取得了杰出的成果,他们与德国和中欧地区进行贸易运输,而且对海外食品和原材料进行加工。(从糖类、烟草、巧克力、粮食到原油)

5.整句英译汉

有着悠久历史传统的渔业和航运业的荷兰人,在建造适合汽船停靠的优良海港上遇到难题:在鹿特丹和阿姆斯特丹他们终于做到了,同时取得了杰出的成果,他们与德国和中欧地区进行贸易运输,而且对海外食品和原材料进行加工(从糖类、烟草、巧克力、粮食到原油)。

二.托福阅读长难句知识点

1.定语

定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的成分。

① In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events.

② Possible solutions to the problem are formulated.

2.状语

状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分,从情况、时间、处所,方式、条件、对象,肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心(或者整个句子)进行修饰或限制。

① In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown.

② It extends the scientist's thinking beyond the known facts.

3.并列句

并列句是构成并列复合句的简单句。

① I like action movies but I don't like thrillers.

② Take the chance, or else you will regret it.

托福阅读长难句的理解需要大家能找准句子中的成分,学会将长难句拆分或简化成简单句,这样理解起来就容易多了。上文中为大家举出托福阅读长难句分析的实例,希望大家在备考中能够参照文中分析方法结合实际情况来做长难句分析。

托福阅读和雅思阅读有哪些区别

1.文章出处与内容

托福阅读文章原型大都选自美国大学本科生使用的教材,以达到最佳的模拟测试效果。文章的选材范围极其广泛,涉及有自然科学包括:天文学、地质学、生物学、气象学等;人文科学包括:艺术美学、考古学、语言学、文学等;社会科学包括:政治学、经济学、教育学、人类学等交叉学科。从选材范围可见:托福阅读的文章内容对考生知识存储量的广度有一定的要求,但同时考虑到考生来自于不同的专业,对于其他学科往往不具备专业素质,因此为了遵守考试公平性原则,文章均不对其所述及的学科做过多深入的探讨。

雅思阅读文章所选的文章出自一些著名的媒体,其中最多的是社会发展类的文章全都出自以下媒体:经济学家杂志 (Economist,[url]www.economist.com),经济时报 (Financialtimes),卫报 (Guardian) 等国际精英知识分子媒体的非社论性文章;政府各部门(UK及世界各国)的社会发展报告,联合国各组织的年度报告;某些著名的协会杂志(带有官方色彩),如InfoJournal(驻英国商会的季刊); 英国及欧洲的专业杂志(人文类),如 ArtsManagement,ArtsEducation 等;70%的自然科学文章选自 National Geographic, New Scientist, Science, Popular Science和Nature 杂志;80%的重大事件(非政治经济),重大发明都选自美国国家地理杂志 (National Geographic)

一般是在一篇长达数万字的文章中选取一部分或者进行重写,形成5000-6000字的文章,这些文章又可分割为互相联系,主题一直但内容绝对不相同的文章 (长度在1000-1500字),以亚洲国家的城市化发展为例,在美国国家地理杂志(National Geographic)上登载了一篇25000字的长文,经改造加工成为五篇所使用的文章(a.印度人口爆炸b.孟加拉过农村人口涌入城市引起农业产量下降c.泰国农民涌入城市引起犯罪率上升d.菲律宾政府处理农村人口政策问题e.香港楼价上涨与居住紧张),然后出题人再根据每篇文章的特点将其与各种题型结合,最后输入电脑,一套令许多人牵挂与恐惧的文章就这么完成了。

从文章出处对比,不难发现,托福的阅读文章是在同一层面里介绍不同专业领域的内容,相比之下比较稳定。而雅思阅读文章则更广泛一些,文章来自不同层面。抛开自然科学不说,社科类的文章对比之后发现,雅思阅读中的社科类文章中题目难度很大。首先,取自主流媒体中的文章,学生未必完全了解。第二,考官针对此类文章出题是可以自如的改写问题与原文的表达,对于学生来说能否准确的在文中找到线索就显得尤为关键啦。而托福阅读中的社科类文章,学生把握起来相对容易。首先,文章内容通常与历史和文学有关,文章多以叙事为主。其次,无论考试来着哪个国家,对于一些重大的事件和有名的美国人都会有所了解,应对此类文章会显得游刃有余。

2.题型分析

托福阅读题型主要有十大类,所有题目均为选择。对于考生来说选择题并不是一个陌生的题目,对于程度一般的学生,选择题的四个选项是可以通过排除,推测等形式来做。

词汇题

问法:The word/phrase X.X.X is closest in meaning to____此类题目考查的重点为词汇量,以及理解力。

指代题

问法:The word they/ their/ it/ its/ some in the passage refers to此类题目考查的重点为语法知识

直接事实题和EXCEPT列举题

此类题目考查的重点在于定位与理解,理解其中包括原文与选项的理解

推理题

问法:infer,imply,most likely, least likely 此类题目考查重点在于精确理解文章内容,作为中国学生来说,此类题目需要注意不能过度推理。

举例说明概述题(例子的作用) 和插入句子题

此类题目考重点在于学生的逻辑能力,通常我们是通过写作的视角去找解题思路。

句子要点题

问法:which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence此类题目考核重点在于学生对于归纳总结和改写方面的能力。

全文总结题和信息归类题

此类题目考核学生对于文章整体内容的把握,以及对于信息筛选的能力

雅思阅读中主考题型为五大类,在五大题型中,传统选择的比重并不是很大。大约占0-10%左右。对于参加雅思考试的学生来说,很多题型都不是自己擅长的。学生会花费大量的时间在寻找答案方面。

List of Headings 段落主旨题

主要考核的是学生归纳段落大意的能力。这个方面是许多学生薄弱的地方,原因有很多,其中理解的不够透彻和不善于归纳是最主要的原因

MATCHING 搭配题

雅思考试中的主考题型,大约会占到50%或者更多。学生会花费很多时间在寻找线索或者信息筛选方面。

TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN 判断对错题

此类题型也是雅思考试中的主要题型,大约占整个考试的30%。是非题是很多学生的弱项,主要问题在于理解,判断上面。由于中西方人在思维模式与逻辑方面存在差异,所以很多学生会混淆FALSE 与NOT GIVEN 选项的判断原则。

SUMMARY 摘要题

雅思考试中难度不大的题目之一,主要在于定位词的选择以及寻找方面。

MULTIPLE CHOICE选择题

雅思考试中唯一的四选一题目,比重很小,或者有的时候不会出现。此类题目与托福的细节题类似。主要是定位与同义改写方面的识别。

托福阅读素材:谷歌研发新款无人驾驶车

Google is to start building its own self-driving cars, rather than modifying vehicles built by other manufacturers. The car will have a stop-go button but no controls, steering wheel or pedals.

谷歌将开始建造自主研发的无人驾驶汽车,而不是对其他厂商生产的成品汽车进行改装。这款汽车将设有启动和停止按钮,但是没有控制系统、方向盘和踏板。

谷歌研发的无人驾驶汽车(self-driving car/driverless car)目前只有一个启动和停止按钮(stop-go button),没有方向盘(steering wheel)和踏板(pedal)等汽车上的常见装置。这款汽车将激光和雷达传感器的数据相结合(combination of laser and radar sensors),同时收集监控摄像头的数据来实现无人驾驶。

这款汽车前端采用类似泡沫的软材料来代替传统的保险杠(bumper),同时还配了柔性挡风玻璃(flexible windscreen),这样在发生事故时可最大程度降低对行人的伤害。

托福阅读素材之新能源汽车 green car

众所周知,新能源汽车普及的难度并不仅仅因为技术的束缚,价格也是其发展的最大绊脚石。我国近日已决定在上海、长春、深圳、杭州、合肥5个城市正式启动私人购买新能源汽车补贴试点,购买新能源汽车可获最高6万元的补贴。

请看新华社的报道:

China Tuesday released details of its green-car subsidy program designed to boost the nation's auto industry and cut vehicle emissions.

中国本周二公布了新能源汽车购车补贴计划的细则,该计划旨在促进国内汽车工业发展,并减少车辆排放量。

文中的 green-car subsidy program 就是指“新能源汽车补贴计划”,green car 就是“新能源汽车”,一般指使用非常规车用能源作为动力的汽车。具体讲,包括 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV,插电式混合动力汽车)、Battery only Electric Vehicle (BEV,纯电动汽车)、Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV,燃料电池电动汽车)、以及使用氢和一些其它新能源的汽车。

Vehicle emission 也就是指汽车的“尾气排放量”,而汽车的“发动机排量”则是 engine displacement,为了节能环保,也为了经济实惠,如今很多消费者都选择购买small-displacement cars (小排量汽车)。

Green 如今已成为“环保”的代名词,除购买green car 外,我们还可以搭乘 green transport (环保交通工具),购买green product (环保产品),来保护环境。大家都知道green表示“绿色”,但如果说某人green with envy,那可是说他嫉妒得“眼红”。

篇3:阅读攻略:托福阅读长难句解析

实用阅读攻略丨托福阅读长难句解析

一. 托福阅读长难句

托福阅读中为什么会有长难句?如果托福阅读中都是简单句那也体现不出来你高超的英语水平。简单地来说,就是为了测试你的英语水平,确保你具备像native speaker那样的阅读能力,不影响你日后到国外读书时阅读外文资料。所以理解托福阅读文章长难句对我们英语水平提升是有帮助的,大家一定要积极应对。托福阅读长难句有多长?刷过阅读题的小伙伴们都知道,长难句少则两三行,多则五六行,甚至会出现一整段只有一句话的情况。长难句通常会出句子简化题(细节题和推断题也常涉及长难句)。长难句的难点就在于长,中文表达中很少会有如此冗长的句子,所以大家初见英文文章长难句会很不习惯。那么,应该如何解决托福阅读中的长难句呢?

二. 托福阅读长难句如何分析

1. 简化

解决托福阅读长难句的第一步是简化句子。简化句子最为有效的方法就是找到句子的主谓宾结构。我们通过一个例子来看看如何简化长难句。

A few art collectors Tames Bowdoin of Boston, William Byrd of Virginia, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries,especially aspiring artists,and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.

这个句子很长,但是如果我们找到句子的主干以后就可以将其简化成下面的句子:

A few art collectors introduced European art traditions to those colonists and established in their respective communities the idea and the need.

这样看起来整个句子是不是一目了然非常好理解了。其实只要抓住句子的主谓宾结构,就可以迅速将句子简化,了接句子的大意。但是这样还不够,接下来还有一步。

2. 还原

简化过后我们可以迅速了接文章的大意,但是却缺失了修饰成分,想要全面了解句意,我们要还要将句子的修饰成分归还给各个修饰成分。举个简单的例子,这个定语从句“This is an old computer that works much slower.”的主干就是“This is a computer”,但若是不将修饰成分加回来,我们就不知道这个电脑的状态是“old”,而且“works much slower”。所以完成了简化以后要将修饰成分归位更加全面地了解句意。

托福阅读长难句:行为温度调节

The principal elements in behavioral thermoregulation are basking (heliothermy),heat exchange with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy),and diurnal and annual avoidance behaviors,which include moving to shelter during the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating (reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively).( TPO40,48)

bask /bɑːsk/ v. 坐着或躺着取暖

substrate /'sʌbstreɪt/ n. 底物,基片,基质;被(酶)作用物

diurnal /daɪ'ɜːn(ə)l/ adj. 白天的,白昼的;每日的

hibernate /'haɪbəneɪt/ v. 冬眠

estivate /'iːstɪveɪt/ v. (动物)夏眠

respectively adv. 各自地

分析:

修饰一:(in behavioral thermoregulation) ,介词短语

中文:行为温度调节

修饰二:(with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy) ) ,介词短语

中文:与基质如岩石或土壤进行热交换(接触热源)

修饰三:(which include moving to shelter during the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating) ,从句

中文:这包括转移到遮蔽处去乘凉、冬眠或夏眠

修饰四:(reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively) ,非谓语动词

中文:分别在寒冷或炎热的天气减少活动

参考翻译:

行为温度调节主要的要素有:晒太阳(日光浴),与基质如岩石或土壤进行热交换(接触热源),以及每天或每年的躲避行为,这包括转移到遮蔽处去乘凉、冬眠或夏眠(分别在寒冷或炎热的天气减少活动)。

托福阅读长难句:地球上的二氧化碳

The answer to the first question is that carbon dioxide is still found in abundance on Earth, but now, instead of being in the form of atmospheric carbon dioxide, it is either dissolved in the oceans or chemically bound into carbonate rocks, such as the limestone and marble that formed in the oceans. ( TPO41, 53)

abundance /ə'bʌnd(ə)ns/ n. 丰富,充裕

atmospheric /ætməs'ferɪk/ adj. 大气的

dissolve /dɪ'zɒlv/ v. 溶解

limestone /ˈlaɪmˌstəʊn/ n. 石灰石

marble /'mɑːb(ə)l/ n. 大理石

分析:

这个句子的主干是:

The answer to the first question is 从句 , but now, it is either dissolved in the oceans or chemically bound into carbonate rocks

修饰一:(that carbon dioxide is still found in abundance on Earth) ,从句

中文:在地球上二氧化碳依然可以大量被找到

修饰二:(instead of being in the form of atmospheric carbon dioxide) ,介词短语

中文:它不是以大气中的二氧化碳的形式出现

修饰三:(such as the limestone and marble that formed in the oceans.) ,介词短语

中文:例如在海洋中形成的石灰石和大理石

修饰四:(that formed in the oceans.) ,从句

中文:在海洋中形成的

参考翻译:

第一个问题的答案是,在地球上二氧化碳依然可以大量被找到,但是现在,它不是以大气中的二氧化碳的形式出现,它溶解在海洋里或者通过化学作用进入碳酸盐岩中,例如在海洋中形成的石灰石和大理石。

篇4:托福阅读长难句

In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet itspurpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them——evenwhile building materials have changed dramatically.(44)

大家先自己理解,多想想,先别看解析,看不明白,再看下面的解析。

(In order for the structure) (to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose), architecture employs methods of support that, (because they are based on physical laws), have changed little since people first discovered them—— (even while building materials have changed dramatically. )

老邪分析:一个句子重点在于主干,看懂了主干,就看懂了句子的主要成分。以下主干为句子中红色部分,括号里均是修饰成分。

修饰一:(In order for the structure),介词短语

修饰二:(to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose),非谓语做形容词性修饰structure

修饰三:(because they are based on physical laws),插入语,插入语记得先跳过去,断句别出问题,that和have changed是在一起的。

(老师,啥叫插入语?嗯,好问题,改天我专门讲讲这些概念。上过课并认真听的同学,你懂的。)

修饰四:(that have changed little sincepeople first discovered them.从句修饰support

修饰五:(even while building materials have changed dramatically. ),从句

括号外面的是主干:architectureemploys methods of support,注意support这里是名词。

已经拆成这么短了,你再试试看,应该能看懂了吧?其实在理解句子的时候比较容易犯错在于断句和语序,语序和中文有差异,下次我讲修饰成分的时候一并讲。

参考翻译:为了使结构达到必要的大小和强度去满足它的目的,建筑学上使用了一些支撑的方法,因为这些方法都是基于物理定律,所以尽管建筑材料已经发生了巨大变化,这些方法却自人们发现它们以来就没有什么变化。

篇5:托福阅读长难句

世界本没有长难句,修饰成分多了,便有了长难句。

阅读速度大部分来于短时间内理解长难句的能力。

大家在看长难句的时候,多思考,一个句子为什么这么长,常见的修饰成分到底有哪些?其实不多,连词、非谓语动词、介词以及同位语或插入语,上过课的同学懂得。

大家别急,把一句一句弄明白,弄懂一个句子胜过模糊看懂十个句子。希望大家认真看我的分析。

今天我们来看这样一个句子:

Her dancing also attracted the attention of French poets and painters of the period, for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit, and their efforts to synthesize form and content. (57, OG)

appeal v.恳求,呼吁;(对某人)有吸引力~to sb; (使某人)感兴趣;上诉

for one’s sake为了…的缘故

synthesize/?s?nθ??sa?z/v. 合成,综合

这里是分界线,先自己分析哦。

Her dancing also attracted the attention (of French poets and painters) (of the period), (for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, (a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit),and their efforts to synthesize form and content.)

老邪分析:

修饰一:(of French poets and painters),介词短语,修饰the attention。大家注意英文喜欢把修饰成分放在后面,这个很重要。

中文:法国诗人和花季。

修饰二:(of the period) ,介词短语,修饰French poets and painters,也是放在后面哦。

修饰三:(a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit),同位语,用来解释说明前面的belief,这个同位语语放在这里分割了原句,大家断句的时候要注意。

中文:一个19世纪的思想:艺术本身比它所带来的道德或教育利益更有价值。

修饰四:(for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake , and their efforts to synthesize formand content.),从句,表示原因,大家注意我把同位语去掉了(因为不重要),这样更能看清重要内容。这里有一个并列结构,是一个A, B, and C结构,不知道大家在看的时候有没有看出来,A= their liking for mystery,B= their belief in art for art’ssake,C= their efforts to synthesize form and content,插入语解释B。

中文:因为它吸引了他们对于神秘的喜好、他们为艺术而艺术的信仰以及他们把形式和内容融合到一起所作的努力

主干:括号外面的,Her dancing also attracted the attention

参考翻译:

她的舞蹈还吸引了当时法国一些诗人和画家的注意,因为它吸引了他们对于神秘的喜好、他们为艺术而艺术的信仰(这是一个19世纪的思想:艺术本身比它所带来的道德或教育利益更有价值)以及他们把形式和内容融合到一起所作的努力。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句和同位语,大家务必想清楚,每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么,才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

篇6:托福阅读长难句

世界本没有长难句,修饰成分多了,便有了长难句。

大家在看长难句的时候,多思考,一个句子为什么这么长,常见的修饰成分到底有哪些?其实不多,连词、非谓语动词、介词以及同位语或插入语。

今天我们来看这样一个句子:

Fuller devised a type of dance that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore, which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms, sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes. (44, OG)

voluminous/v?'l?m?n?s/adj.(指衣物)用料多的, 宽松的, 肥大的;

drapery/'drep?ri/n.布料

wand/wɑnd/ n. 棍; 棒; 杖; (尤指小仙子或魔术师用的)魔杖

costume/'kɑstum/ n. 服装, 服装式样

Fuller devised a type of dance (that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore), (which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms), (sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes).

分析:

修饰一:(that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore),从句,修饰dance,大家注意skirts or draperies (she wore)这里还有一个从句哦。

中文:专注于灯光的变换和她所穿宽松的裙子或布料颜色

修饰二:(which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms),从句,修饰前面skirts or draperies,其实是keep skirts or draperies inconstant motion…

中文:她主要通过手臂的移动使裙子或布料保持连续的移动

修饰三:(sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes),非谓语动词,修饰arms。主要这里with wands (concealed under her costumes)中concealed under her costumes修饰wands

中文:有时候手臂由于隐藏在衣服下面的手杖而变长

主干:括号外面的,Fullerdevised a type of dance

参考翻译:Fuller设计了一种(专注于灯光的变换和她所穿宽松的裙子或布料颜色)的舞蹈,在舞蹈中,她主要通过手臂的移动使裙子或布料保持连续的移动,有时候手臂由于隐藏在衣服下面的手杖而变长。

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