【导语】“股海伦事”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了12篇高一期末物理试卷及答案，以下是小编收集整理后的高一期末物理试卷及答案，希望对大家有所帮助。
- 目录
篇1：高一期末物理试卷及答案
试卷试题
第Ⅰ卷选择题(共40分)
一、本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，第1～4题只有一项是符合题目要求的，第5～8题有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。
1.关于物理量和物理量的单位，下列说法中正确的是
A.在力学范围内，国际单位制规定长度、质量、力为三个基本物理量
B.后人为了纪念牛顿，把“牛顿”作为力学中的基本单位
C.1N=1kg?m?s-2
D.“秒”“克”“摄氏度”都属于国际单位制的单位
2.下列关于物体运动的说法，正确的是
A.物体速度不为零，其加速度也一定不为零
B.物体具有加速度时，它的速度可能不会改变
C.物体的加速度变大时，速度也一定随之变大
D.物体加速度方向改变时，速度方向可以保持不变
3.如图甲所示，在粗糙水平面上，物体A在水平向右的外力F的作用下做直线运动，其v—t图象如图乙所示，下列说法正确的是
A.在0～1s内，外力F不断增大
B.在1s～3s内，外力F的大小恒定
C.在3s～4s内，外力F不断增大
D.在3s～4s内，外力F的大小恒定
4.如图所示，A、B分别是甲、乙两小球从同一地点沿同一直线运动的v-t图象，根据图象可以判断
A.甲、乙两球加速度大小相同方向相反
B.两球在t=8s时相距最远
C.两球在t=8时相遇在出发点
D.两球在t=4s时相距最远
5.两个人以相同的速率同时从圆形轨道的A点出发，分别沿ABC和ADC行走，如图所示，
当他们相遇时相同的物理量是
A.速度B.位移C.路程D.平均速度
6.将一个力F分解为两个不为零的分力F1、F2，以下说法可能正确的是
A.Fl、F2与F都在同一直线上B.F1、F2都小于F/2
C.F1或F2的大小等于FD.F1、F2的大小都与F相等
7.质量为m的人站在升降机中，如果升降机运动时加速度的绝对值为a，升降机底板对人的
支持力N=ma+mg，则可能的情况是
A.升降机以加速度a向上加速运动
B.升降机以加速度a向下加速运动
C.升降机在向上运动中，以加速度a制动
D.升降机在向下运动中，以加速度a制动
8.如图所示，清洗竖直楼房光滑玻璃的工人常用一根绳索将自己悬在空中，工人及其装备的
总重量为G，且视为质点。悬绳与竖直墙壁的夹角为α，悬绳对工人的拉力大小为F1，墙
壁对工人的弹力大小为F2，则
A.F1=Gsinα
B.F2=Gtanα
C.若工人缓慢下移，增加悬绳的长度，但F1与F2的合力不变
D.若工人缓慢下移，增加悬绳的长度，则F1减小，F2增大
第Ⅱ卷非选择题共5题，共60分
二、非选择题，全部为必考题。考生根据要求作答.解答题应写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要演算步骤.只写出最后答案的不能得分.有数值计算的题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位.
9.(6分)在“探究力的平行四边形定则”的实验中，首先用两个弹簧测力计分别钩住绳套，
在保证弹簧测力计与木板平行的条件下，互成角度地拉长橡皮条，使结点到达O点，用铅
笔记下O点位置及两细绳的方向，如图中的OA、OB方向，读出两弹簧测力计的示数FOA
=2.8N、FOB=3.6N.
(1)根据平行四边形定则，在图中利用图示法作出FOA与FOB的合力，其大小F=___.
(2)为了完成本实验，还要进行的一项关键操作是___________，在本操作中需要记录
的是________和________.
10.(9分)某探究学习小组欲探究物体的加速度与力、质量的关系，他们在实验室组装了一
套如图所示的装置，图中小车的质量用M表示，钩码的质量用m表示。要顺利完成该实
验，则：
(1)为使小车所受合外力等于细线的拉力，应采取的措施是_________;
要使细线的拉力约等于钩码的总重力，应满足的条件是__________。
(2)打点计时器接频率为50Hz的交流电某次打出的某一条纸带，A、B、C、D、E、F
为相邻的6个计数点，如图，相邻计数点间还有四个点未标出。利用图中给出的数
据可求出小车的加速度a=_____m/s2。
(3)某位同学经过测量、计算得到如下数据，请在a-F图中作出小车加速度与所受合
外力的关系图象。
组别1234567
M/kg0.580.580.580.580.580.580.58
F/N0.100.150.200.250.300.350.40
a/m?s-20.130.170.260.340.430.510.59
(4)由图象可以看出，该实验存在着较大的误差，产生误差的主要原因是______。
11.(14分)如图所示，一位重600N的演员，悬挂在绳上。若AO绳与水平方向的夹角为37°，BO绳水平，则AO、BO两绳受到的力各为多大?若保持O点及A点位置不变同时B点位置一直向上移动，在B点位置上移过程中AO、BO的拉力如何变化?已知sin37°=0.6，cos37°=0.6。
12.(15分)完整的撑杆跳高过程可以简化成如图所示的三个阶段：持杆助跑、撑杆起跳上升、越杆下落。在第二十九届北京奥运会比赛中，俄罗斯女运动员伊辛巴耶娃以5.05m的成绩打破世界纪录。设伊辛巴耶娃从静止开始以加速度a=1.25m/s2匀加速助跑，速度达到v=9.0m/s时撑杆起跳，到达点时过杆的速度不计，过杆后做自由落体运动，重心下降h2=4.05m时身体接触软垫，从接触软垫到速度减为零的时间t=0.90s。已知伊辛巴耶娃的质量m=65kg，重力加速度g取10m/s2，不计空气的阻力。求：
(1)伊辛巴耶娃起跳前的助跑距离;
(2)假设伊辛巴耶娃从接触软垫到速度减为零的过程中做匀减速运动，求软垫对她的作用力大小。
13.(16分)如图所示，固定光滑细杆与地面成一定倾角，在杆上套有一个光滑小环，小环在沿杆方向的推力F作用下向上运动，推力F与小环速度v随时间变化规律如图所示，取重力加速度g=10m/s2。求小环的质量m及细杆与地面间的倾角α。
参考答案
1-8：CDBCBCDACDADBC
9.(1)如答图所示(1分)4.8N(1分答案在4.5N～5.0N均给这1分)
(2)只用一个弹簧测力计将橡皮条的结点拉到同一位置O点(2分)弹簧测力计的示数(1分)拉力的方向(1分)
10.(1)平衡小车所受的摩擦力(2分)钩码的质量远小于小车的质量(1分)
(2)0.5(2分)
(3)如答图所示(2分)
(4)没有平衡摩擦力(写平衡摩擦力不足或平衡摩擦力角度过小)(2分)
11.解：对绳上的O点受力情况进行分解，如答图所示。
由力的平衡知识可得：FAcos37°=FB①(3分)
FAsin37°=G②(3分)
联立方程①②解得：FA=1000(N)(2分)
FB=800(N)(2分)
若B点位置向上移，FA将一直减小(2分)，FB将先减小后增大(2分)。
12.(1)设助跑前的距离是s，由运动学知识可得：v2=2as①(3分)
将数据代入①式解得：s=32.4(m)②(2分)
(2)设伊辛巴耶娃在撑杆跳下降阶段身体接触软垫前的速度是v1，由自由落体运动规律可得：
v12=2gh③(2分)
设软垫对她身体的作用力是F，由牛顿运动定律可得：
④(3分)F-mg=ma1⑤(3分)
联立方程③④⑤可得;F=1300(N)⑥(2分)
13.由乙图可得：0～2s内小车的加速度是：
①(4分)将数据代入①式解得：a1=0.5(m/s2)②
小环在上升过程中前2s内做匀加速度直线运动，其受力情况如图甲所示，由牛顿第二定律可得：
F1-mgsinα=ma1③(4分)
小环在上升过程2s后做匀速直线运动，其受力情况如图乙所示，由力的平衡知识可得：
F2=mgsinα④(4分)
将F1=5.5N，F2=5.0N代入③④，联立方程③④解得：
m=1(kg)(2分)
α=30°(2分)
篇2：高一物理期末试卷及答案
一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题4分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，第1～10题只有一项符合题目要求，第11～15题有多项符合题目要求。全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错的得0分。
1.kg和s是国际单位制两个基本单位的符号，这两个基本单位对应的物理量是( )
A.质量和时间 B.质量和位移
C.重力和时间 D.重力和位移
2.匀速运动的汽车从某时刻开始刹车， 匀减速运动直至停止。若测得刹车时间为t，刹车位移为x，根据这些测量结果不可以求出( )
A.汽车刹车过程的初速度 B.汽车刹车过程的加速度
C.汽车刹车过程的平均速度 D.汽车刹车过程的制动力
3.如图所示，质量为m的物体静止在倾角为θ的斜面上，为了说明它对斜面的摩擦力大小等于mgsinθ，应涉及到下列哪些知识( )
①力的合成与分解;②物体平衡条件;③牛顿第三定律;④牛顿第一定律
A.①② B.①③
C.②③④ D.①②③
4.如图，质量为M、半径为R的半球形物体A放在粗糙水平地面上，通过最高点处的钉子用水平轻质细线拉住一质量为m、半径为r的光滑球B，重力加速度为g，则( )
A.A对地面的摩擦力方向向左
B.B对A的压力大小为
C.细线对小球的拉力大小为
D.若剪断细线，则此瞬间球B加速度大小为
5.如图，左侧是倾角为60°的斜面、右侧是1 /4圆弧面的物体固定在水平地面上，圆弧面底端切线水平。一根轻绳两端系有质量分别为m1、m2的小球跨过其顶点上的小滑轮。当它们处于平衡状态时，连接m2小球的轻绳与水平线的夹角为60°，不计摩擦，两小球可视为质点。则两小球的质量之比m1∶m2等于( )
A.1∶1 B.2∶3
C.3∶2 D.3∶4
6.为了让乘客乘车更为舒适，研究人员设计了一种新型交通工具，乘客的座椅能随着坡度的变化而自动调整，使座椅始终保持水平，如图所示。当此车减速上坡时，乘客( ) A.处于失重状态
B.处于超重状态
C.受到向前的摩擦力作用
D.所受力的合力沿斜面向上
7.如图所示，吊床用绳子拴在两棵树上等高位置。某人先坐在吊床的中间，后躺在吊床中间并尽量水平伸直躯体，两种情况下人都处于静止状态。设吊床两端系绳中的拉力为F1、吊床对该人的作用力为F2，则下列判断正确的是( )
A.坐着比躺着时的F1大，坐着比躺着时的F2大
B.坐着比躺着时的F1大，躺着与坐着时的F2相等
C.躺着比坐着时的F1大，躺着比坐着时的F2大
D.躺着比坐着时的F1大，坐着与躺着时的F2相等
8.在滑冰场上，甲、乙两小孩分别坐在滑冰板上，原来静止不动，在相互猛推一下后分开向相反方向运动。假定两板与冰面间的动摩擦因数相同，已知甲在冰上滑行的距离比乙远，这是由于( )
A.在推的过程中，甲推乙的力小于乙推甲的力
B.在推的过程中，甲推乙的 时间小于乙推甲的时间
C.在刚分开时，甲的速度大于乙的速度
D.甲乙分开后，甲的加速度大小小于乙的加速度大小
9.如图所示为采用动力学方法测量某空间站质量的原理图。若已知飞船质量为3.5×103 kg，其推进器的平均推力大小为1560 N，在飞船与空间站对接后，推进器工作了7 s，在这段时间内，飞船和空间站速度变化了0.91 m/s，则空间站的质量约为( )
A.1.2×104 kg B.8.5×103 kg
C.1.6×104 kg D.5.0×103 kg
10.水平方向的传送带顺时针转动，传送带速度保持2 m/s不变，两端A、B间距离为3 m，一物块从B端以初速度v0 =4 m/s滑上传送带，物块与传送带间动摩擦因数μ=0.4，g=10 m/s2。物块从滑上传送带到离开传送带过程中的v-t图象是( )
(A) (B) (C) (D)
11.某时刻，两车从同一地点、沿同一方向做直线运动，下列关于两车的位移x、速度v随时间t变化的图象中能反映t1时刻两车相遇的是( )
12.在一东西向的水平直铁轨上，停放着一列已用挂钩链接好的车厢。当机车在东边拉着这列车厢以大小为a的加速度向东行驶时，链接某两相邻车厢的挂钩P和Q间的拉力大小为F;当机车在西边拉着这列车厢以大小为 的加速度向西行驶时，挂钩P和Q间的 拉力大小仍为F。不计车厢与铁轨间的摩擦，每节车厢质量相同，则这列车厢的节数可能为( )
A.8 B.10
C.18 D.25
13.物体同时受到同一平面内的三个共点力作用，下列几组力中，可能使物体处于平衡状态的是( )
A.5N、7N、8N B.2N、3N、6N
C.1N、5N、10N D.1N、10N、10N
14.如图所示，重力为G的 质点P，与位于同一竖直平面内的三根相同的轻质螺旋弹簧相连，静止时相邻两弹簧间的夹角均为120°。已知弹簧a、b对质点的作用力均为2G，则竖直弹簧c对质点的作用力大小可能为( )
A.2G B.G
C.0 D.3G
15.一根不可伸缩的轻绳跨过轻质的定滑轮，一端挂一吊椅，另一端被坐在吊椅上的运动员拉住，如图所示。设运动员质量为M，吊椅的质量为m，且M>m，不计定滑轮与绳子间的摩擦，重力加速度为g。当运动员与吊椅一起以加速度大小为a加速上升时，运动员竖直向下拉绳的力T及运动员对吊椅的压力N分别为( )
A. B.
C. D.
二、实验题(15分)
16.(7分)(1)某同学做“研究匀变速直线运动”的实验，请在下面列出的实验器材中，选出本实验中需要的器材填写在横线上(填字母序号)：_______________。
a.电磁打点计时器 b.天平c.低压交流电源
d.低压直流电源 e.细绳和纸带 f.钩码和滑块
g.秒表 h.一端附滑轮的长木板 i.刻度尺
(2)某同学利用打点计时器所记录的纸带来研究做匀变速直线运动的滑块的运动情况，实验中获得一条纸带，如图所示。其中两相邻计数点间均 有四个点未画出。已知所用电源的频率为50 Hz，则打B点时小车运动的速度vB=_______ m/s ，小车运动的加速度a=_______ m/s2。(结果保留两位小数)
17.(8分)“验证牛顿第二定律”的实验装置如图所示，实验中认为细绳对小车拉力F大小等于细砂和小桶的总重力。回答下列问题：
(1)为了消除小车与木板之间摩擦力的影响可采取的做法是：_______________________________
(2)在探究加速度与质量的关系时，保持细砂和小桶的质量不变，改变小车质量m，得到小车加速度a与质量m的数据如下表：
1 2 3 4 5
小车加速度a/m/s2 0.78 0.38 0.25 0.20 0.16
小车质量m/kg 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00
根据上述实验数据，描绘出a-m图象如图所示：
观察图甲，可猜想在拉力F一定的情况下a与m的关系可能是：a∝m-1、a∝m-2、a∝m-3、…，为了验证猜想，请在图乙中作出直观反映a与m之间关系的图象。
(3)在探究加速度与力的关系时，保持小车的质量不变，改变小桶中细砂的质量，并根据实验数据作出了a-F图线如图所示，该图线未通过坐标原点，试分析可能的原因是：_________________________
三、计算题(共35分，要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式或重要的演算步骤，只写出最后答案的不得分。有数值计算的题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位 。)
18.(10分)
质量为M=4 kg、长度l= m的木板B，在水平恒定拉力F=10 N作用下，以v0=2 m/s的速度沿水平面做匀速直线运动。某时刻将质量为m=2 kg的小物块A(可视为质点)由静止轻轻地放在木板的最右端，如图所示。小物块与木板间摩擦不计，重力加速度g取10 m/s2。求：
(1)小物块位于木板上时，木板加速度的大小;
(2)从放上小物块到其脱离木板所经历的时间。
19.(12分)
如图所示是公路上的“避险车道”，车道表面是粗糙的碎石，其作用是供下坡的汽车在刹车失灵的 情况下避险。一辆货车在倾角为30°的连 续长直下坡高速路上以18 m/s的速度匀速行驶，突然汽车刹车失灵，开始加速运动，此时汽车所受到的摩擦和空气阻力共为车重的0.2倍。在加速前进了96 m后，货车平滑冲上了倾角 为53°的碎石铺成的避险车道，已知货车在该避险车道上所受到的摩擦和空气阻力共为车重的0.8倍。货车的整个运动过程可视为直线运动，sin53°=0.8，g=10 m/s2。求：
(1)汽车刚冲上避险车道时速度的大小;
(2)要使该车能安全避险，避险车道的最小长度为多少。
20.(13分)
我国ETC联网正式启动运行，ETC是电子不停车收费系统的简称。汽车分别通过ETC通道和人工收费通道的流程如图所示。假设汽车以v0=15 m/s朝收费站正常沿直线行驶，如果过ETC通道，需要在收费线中心线前10 m处正好匀减速至v=5 m/s，匀速通过中心线后，再匀加速至v0正常行驶;如果过人工收费通道，需要恰好在中心线处匀减速至零，经过20 s缴费成功后，再启动汽车匀加速至v0正常行驶。设汽车加速和减速过程中的加速度大小均为1 m/s2，求：
(1)汽车过ETC通道时，从开始减速到恢复正常行驶过程中的位移大小;
(2)汽车过ETC通道比过人工收费通道节省的时间是多少。
高一物理答案
1.A 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C
9.B 10.C 11.BD 12.BD 13.AD 14.BD 15.AC
16.(7分)(1)acefhi(2分) (2)0.92(2分);2.00(3分)
17.(8分)(1)将长木板远离定滑轮一端适当垫高，以平衡摩擦力(2分)(2) 图象略(4分)
(3)实验前未平衡摩擦力或平衡不充分(2分)
18.(10分)
(1) (2分) (2分) 解得a=1.25 m/s2(2分)
(2) (2分) (1分) 解得t=1 s(1分)
19.(12分)
(1)mgsin30°-0.2mg=ma1(2分) v2-v02=2a1x(2分) 解得v=30 m/s(2分)
(2)mgsin53°+0.8mg=ma2(2分) 02-v2=-2a2l(2分) 解得l=28.125 m(2分)
20.(13分)
(1)v2-v02=-2ax减(1分) x=2x减+d(1分) 解得x=210 m(2分)
(2)汽车过ETC通道：v=v0-at减(1分) (2分)
汽车过人工收费通道： (2分)
(2分) 解得△t=27 s(2分)
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篇3：高一物理上册期末检测试卷参考
高一物理上册期末检测试卷参考
计算题(本题共4小题，共48分;解答应写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要演算步骤，只写最后答案的不给分，有数值计算的题，答案中必须明确写出数值的单位)
17.(12分)正以v=30m/s的速度运行中的列车，接到前方小站的请求：在该站停靠1分钟接一位危重病人上车。司机决定刹车，以加速度大小a1=0.6m/s2匀减速运动到小站，停车1分钟后，列车启动，以加速度大小为a2= 1.0m/s2做匀加速起动，又恢复到原来的速度，求：
(1)从刹车开始到恢复原来速度共经历的时间t;
(2)从刹车开始到恢复原来速度共经历的路程s;
(3)司机由于临时停车共耽误了多少时间?
18.(12分)一个物体从光滑斜面的顶端由静止开始下滑，斜面长10m，倾角=30，斜面静止在粗糙的水平地面上，物体的质量m=0.4kg，重力加速度g=10m/s2。求：
(1)物体下滑过程的加速度有多大?
(2)物体从光滑斜面顶端下滑到底端，要用多长时间?
(3)物体下滑过程中，地面对斜面的摩擦力有多大?
19.(12分)如图(甲)所示，在无风的天气里，倾角为的长斜面上，有一带风帆的玩具滑块从静止开始沿斜面下滑，滑块和风帆的总质量为m，滑块与斜面间的动摩擦因数为，风帆受到的空气阻力与下滑的速度成正比，即f=kv(k为空气阻力与速度的比例系数)，则
(1)滑块下滑的加速度的大小。
(2)滑块下滑的'最大速度的大小
(3)若m=2kg，=37o，sin37o =0.6，cos37o =0.8，g=10m/s2，滑块从静止开始沿斜面下滑的速度图线如图(乙)所示，图中直线OA是t=0时刻速度图线的切线，由此求出和 的值。
20.(12分)如图所示，在粗糙的水平路面上，一小车以v0=5m/s的速度向右匀速行驶，与此同时，在小车后方相距s0=50m处有一物体在水平向右的推力F=30N作用下，从静止开始做匀加速直线运动去追击小车，已知推力F作用了t=5s时间就撤去。设物体与地面之间的动摩擦因数为=0.2，物体的质量为m=5kg，重力加速度g=10m/s2。
(1)求在推力F作用下，小车的加速度a大小为多少?
(2)求撤去F的瞬间，物体与小车的距离d为多少?
(3)试通过计算讨论物体是否能追上小车。
温馨提示：高一物理上册期末检测试卷到此结束，大家的努力学习，每一位同学都能取得高分!
篇4：高二上册期末物理试卷及答案
高二上册期末物理试卷
一、单选题(本大题共8小题，每题4分，共32分。选对得4分，选错得0分)
1.把电荷从电场中的M点移到N点,电场力做功为零,则下列说法中正确的是
A.M、N两点的场强一定为零B.M、N两点的场强一定相等
C.M、N两点间的电势差一定为零D.M、N两点一定在同一电场线上
2.干电池的电动势为1.5V，这表示()
A.干电池与外电路断开时正负极间电势差为1.5V
B.干电池在1s内将1.5J的化学能转化为电能
C.电路中每通过1C的电量，电源把1.5J的电能转化为化学能
D.干电池把化学能转化为电能的本领比电动势为2V的蓄电池强
3.如图所示，两根细线拴着两个静止的质量相同的小球A、B。上、下两根细线中的拉力分别是TA、TB。现在使A、B带同种电荷，再次静止。上、下两根细线拉力分别为TA′、TB′，则()
A.B.
C.D.
4.有一只电压表内阻是100Ω，量程为0.2V，现要将它改装成量程为2V的电压表，则应在原电压表上()
A.并联900Ω的电阻B.并联0.1Ω的电阻
C.串联900Ω的电阻D.串联0.1Ω的电阻
5.如图所示,一根粗细均匀的长直橡胶棒上均匀带有负电荷。设棒横截面积为S、每米带电量为,当此棒沿轴线方向做速度为的匀速直线运动时,由于棒运动而形成的等效电流大小为()
A.B.C.D.
6.如图所示，直线A为电源的路端电压U与电流I的关系图象，直线B是电阻R的两端电压U与电流I的关系图象.用该电源与电阻R组成闭合电路时，电源的输出功率为()
A.1WB.2WC.3WD.4W
7.在如图所示电路中，电源内阻不可忽略，电流表、电压表均为理想电表。当滑动变阻器的滑片P由a向b端移动时()
A.电压表示数变大，电流表示数变小
B.电压表示数变大，电流表示数变大
C.电压表示数变小，电流表示数变小
D.电压表示数变小，电流表示数变大
8.汽车电动机启动时车灯会瞬时变暗.如图所示，在打开车灯的情况下，电动机未启动时电流表读数为10A，电动机启动时电流表读数为58A。若电源电动势为12.5V，内阻为0.05Ω，电流表内阻不计，则因电动机启动，车灯的电功率降低了()
A.35.8WB.43.2WC.48.2WD.80W
二、多选题(共4小题，每小题4分。全部选对得4分，漏选得2分，错选得0分)
9.一个电子在电场中的A点具有80eV的电势能，当它由A点运动到B点时克服静电力做功30eV，则()
A.电子在B点时的电势能是50eVB.由A点到B点电子的电势能增加了30eV
C.B点电势比A点电势高110VD.B点电势比A点电势低30V
10.某静电场中的电场线为图示实线，带电粒子仅受电场力作用由M点运动到N点，其运动轨迹如图中虚线所示，以下说法正确的是()
A.粒子带正电荷
B.由于M点没有电场线，粒子在M点不受电场力的作用
C.粒子在M点的加速度小于它在N点的加速度
D.粒子在M点的动能小于在N点的动能
11.如图所示为场强为E的匀强电场区域，由A、B、C、D、A′、B′、C′、D′作为顶点构成一正方体空间，电场方向与面ABCD垂直。下列说法正确的是()
A.AD两点间电势差UAD与AA′两点间电势差相等
B.带正电的粒子从A点沿路径A→D→D′移到D′点，电场力做正功
C.带负电的粒了从A点沿路径A→D→D′移到D′点，电势能减少
D.同一带电粒子从A点移到C′点，沿对角线A→C′与沿A→B→B′→C′电场力做功相同
12.一平行板电容器C，极板是水平放置的，它与三个可变电阻及电源连接成如图所示的电路，有一个质量为m的带电油滴悬浮在电容器的两极板之间。现要使油滴上升，可采用的办法是()
A.增大R1B.增大R2C.增大R3D.减小R2
三、实验题(本大题共2小题，每空2分，每图2分，共22分)
13.?某同学用游标卡尺和螺旋测微器分别测量一个圆柱形电阻的直径和高度，测量结果如图甲和乙所示，测量直径时应该用______(填A、B、C)部分进行测量，该工件的直径为______mm，高度为______mm.
?他又用多用电表欧姆挡“×1”挡位测量了该电阻阻值，则该电阻阻值为______Ω
14.用电流表和电压表测定三节干电池串联组成的电池组(电动势约为4.5V，内电阻小于1Ω)的电动势和内电阻，除了待测电池组，开关，导线外，还有下列器材供选用;
A电流表：量程0.6A，内电阻约为1ΩB电流表：量程3A，内电阻约为0.2Ω
C电压表：量程3V，内电阻约为30kΩD电压表：量程6V，内电阻约为60kΩ
E滑动变阻器：0-1000ΩF滑动变阻器：0-40Ω
①为了使测量结果尽量准确，电流表应选用_______,电压表选用_______，滑动变阻器选用_______(均填仪器前的字母代号)
②为了使测量误差尽量小，完成实物图连接。
?实验中测量出如下6组数据，根据表格数据在U-I图中描点、连线
组别123456
U(V)4.354.304.254.204.154.10
I(A)0.110.210.300.390.510.60
④从图象中可知电动势E=______V，内电阻r=________Ω(结果均保留到小数点后两位)
四、计算题(本大题共3小题，15题8分、16题11分、17题11分，共30分。解答时要写出必要的文字说明，方程式和演算步骤)
15.如图所示，一条长为L的绝缘细线，上端固定，下端系一质量为m的带电小球，将它置于电场强度为E、方向水平向右的匀强电场中，当小球平衡时，悬线与竖直方向的夹角为30°.
(1)小球带何种电荷?电荷量为多少?
(2)若将小球向右拉至悬线成水平位置，然后由静止释放小球，求放手后小球到达最低点时悬线对小球的拉力.
16.如图所示，A、B是竖直放置的中心带有小孔的平行金属板，两板间的电压为U1=100V，C、D是水平放置的平行金属板，板间距离为d=0.2m，板的长度为L=1m，P是C板的中点，A、B两板小孔连线的延长线与C、D两板的距离相等，将一个负电荷从板的小孔处由静止释放，求：
(1)为了使负电荷能打在P点，C、D两板哪板电势高?板间电压UCD应为多少?
(2)如果C、D两板间所加的电压为4V，求负电荷离开电场时竖直方向的偏转距离为多少?
17.如图所示电路中，R1=3Ω，R2=6Ω，R3=1.5Ω，C=20μF当开关S断开时，电源提供的总功率为2W;当开关S闭合时，电源提供的总功率为4W，求：
(1)电源的电动势和内电阻;
(2)闭合S时电源的输出功率;
(3)S断开时电容器所带的电荷量.
参考答案
1-6：CABCAD 7-12DBBDACDBDCD
13①B;12.20;6.860(6.859~6.861);②10或10.0
14?A、D、F??如图。④4.40~4.41,0.40~0.60
15解：(1)正电;
平衡在30°有：
16
解：(1)设负离子的质量为m，电量为q，从B板小孔飞出的速度为v0，
由动能定理U1q=mv02…①
由类平抛规律：
=v0t…②
y=at2…③
又a=…④
整理可得y=…⑤
又y=…⑥
联立⑤⑥解得U2=32V，因负离子所受电场力方向向上，所以且C板电势高
故为了使负离子能打在P点，C、D两板间的电压应为32V，C板电势高.
(2)若负离子从水平板边缘飞出，则应满足：
x=L，y=
由类平抛规律可得：
x=，y=，=
联立以上各式解得y=，将y=代入可解得=8V
可见，如果两板间所加电压为4V，则负离子不能打在板上，而是从两板间飞出.
将=4V，代入y=，
解得y=0.05m
故如果C、D两板间所加的电压为4V，则负离子不能打在板上，它离开电场时发生的侧移为0.05m.
17
解：(1)S断开，R2、R3串联根据闭合电路欧姆定律，有：
故总功率为：
S闭合，R1、R2并联再与R3串联
总外电阻
根据闭合电路欧姆定律有：
故总功率为：
联立解得：
(2)闭合S时输出功率
(3)S断开时，C两端电压等于电阻R2两端电压
答案：(1)电源的电动势为4V，内电阻为0.5Ω;
(2)闭合S时电源的输出功率为3.5W;
(3)S断开时电容器所带的电荷量为6×10﹣5C.
篇5：高一物理下册期末试题及答案
三、填空题 (每空3分，共21分)
15.某质点做初速度为零的匀变速直线运动，加速度为2 m/s2，则质点3s内的位移为_____m，5s内的平均速度是_____ m/s。
16.一物体以a=7m/s2的加速度竖直下落时，物体受到的空气阻力的方向为_____，空气阻力的大小是重力大小的_____倍。(g取10 m/s2)
17.如图a所示为“探究加速度与物体受力及质量的关系”的实验装置图。图中A为小车，B为装有砝码的托盘，C为一端带有定滑轮的长木板，小车后面所拖的纸带穿过电火花打点计时器，打点计时器接50Hz交流电。小车的质量为 ，托盘及砝码的质量为 。
①下列说法正确的是_________
A.长木板C必须保持水平
B.实验时应先释放小车后接通电源
C.实验中 应远小于
D.作a- 图像便于分析加速度与质量的关系
②实验时，某同学由于疏忽，遗漏了平衡摩擦力这一步骤，他测量得到的a―F图像，可能是图b中的_________图线 。(选填“甲、乙、丙”)
③图c为某次实验得到的纸带，纸带上标出了所选的四个计数点之间的距离，相邻计数点间还有四个点没有画出。由此可求得小车的加速度的大小是 _________ m/s2。(结果保留二位有效数字)
四、计算题(本题共3小题，共33分。解答应写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤只写出最后答案不给分)
18.(10分) 一物体在沿水平面作直线运动，其运动的速度-时间图像如图所示，根据此图像求：
(1) 0-6s内及6-10s内物体的加速 度;
(3)0-10s内物体运动位移的大小。
19.(13分)如图所示，一个质量为m=2kg的物块，在F=10N的拉力作用下，从静止开始沿水平面做匀加速直线运动，拉力方向与水平成θ=370，物块与水平面的动摩擦因数μ=0.5，取重力加速度g=10 m/s2， sin370=0.6，cos37° = 0.8。
(1)画出物块的受力示意图;
(2)此物块所受到的滑动摩擦力为多大;
(3)求此物块在2s末的速度.
20.(10分)如图所示，在游乐场里有一种滑沙运动.某人坐在滑板上从斜坡的高处A点由静止开始滑下，滑到斜坡底端B点后， 沿水平的滑道再滑行一段距离到C点停下来。若人和滑板的总质量m = 60 kg，滑板与斜坡滑道和水平滑道间的动摩擦因数均为μ = 0.50，斜坡的倾角θ= 37°(sin37° = 0.6，cos37° = 0.8)，斜坡与水平滑道间是平滑连接的，整个运动过程中空气阻力忽略不计，重力加速度g取10 m/s2.求：
(1)人从 斜坡上滑下的加速度为多大?
(2)若AB的长度为25m，求人到B点时的速度为多少?
吉林油田实验中学2016---第一学期
期末 高一 物理 试卷 答案
一、单项选择题(本题共8小题;每小题4分，共32分)
1.A
2.C
3.B
4.A
5.D
6.A
7.C
8.B
二、多项选择题(本题共6小题;每小题4分，共24分)
9.ACD
10.BC
11.AD
12.BD
13.BCD
14.BD
三、填空题(每空3分，共21分)
15. 9 5
16. 竖直向上 0.3
17. ①CD ②丙 ③ 0.51
四、计算题(共33分)
18. ①1 m/s2 -2 m/s2 ②46m
19. ①7N ②1m/s
20. ① 2 m/s2 ②10 m/s
篇6：高一物理下册期末试题及答案
一、单项选择题 (本题共8小题;每小题4分，共32分.)
1.下列说法中正确的是 ( )
A. 里约热内卢奥运会开幕式于北京时间8月6日7点整举行，7点整是时刻
B. 时光不能倒流，因此时间是矢量
C. 一段时间内物体的位移为零，物体一定静止
D. 研究汽车在行驶过程中齿轮的转动问题时可以将汽车看成质点
2.下面哪一组单位属于国际单 位制中的基本单位( )
A.米、牛顿、千克 B.千克、焦耳、秒
C.米、千克、秒 D.米/秒2、千克、牛顿
3.从离地面为3m高处竖直向上抛出一个小球，它上升5m后回落，最后到达地面，在此过程
中( )
A.小球通过的路程是8m B.小球的位移 大小是3m
C.小球的位移大小是13m D.小球的位移方向是竖直向上
4.关于自由落体运动，下列说法正确的是( )
A. 物体只在重力作用下 从静止开始下落的运动叫自由落体运动
B. 加速度为重力加速度g的运动就是自由落体运动
C. 物体竖直向下的运动一定是自由落体运动
D.物体下落过程中，速度和加速度同时增大
5.同一平面内的三个力大小分别为4N、6N、7N ，若三力同时作用于某一物体，则该物体
所受三力合力的最大值和最小值分别为( )
A.17N 3N B.5N 3N
C.9N 0 D.17N 0
6.如图所示，质量为m的木块在质量为M的木板上滑行，木板与地面间动摩擦因数为μ1，木块与木板间的动摩擦 因数为μ2，木板一直静止，则木板受地面的摩擦力大小为( )
A. B.
C. D.
7.关于惯性，下列说法中正确的是 ( )
A.同一汽车，速度越快，越难刹车，说明物体速度越大，惯性越大
B.物体只有静止或做匀速直线 运动时才有惯性
C.乒乓球可以快速抽杀，是因为乒乓球的惯性小的缘 故
D.已知月球上的重力加速度是地球上的1/6，故一个物体从地球移到月球惯性减小为1/6
8.如图4所示，小球A、B、C质量分别为m、2m、3m，A与天花板间，B与C间用弹簧相连，当系统平衡后，突然将A、B间绳烧断，在绳断瞬间， A、B、C的加速度(以向下为正方向)分别为( )
A. g、g、g B.-5g、2.5g、0
C.-5g、2g、0 D.-g、2g、3g
二、多项选择题 (每小题有四个选项，其中不只一个是正确的，请将正确答案填入答题卡中。每小题4分，漏选2分，错选0分。本题共6小题，共24分)
9.如图是A、B两物体同时由同一地点向同 一方向做直线运动的v-t图象,从图象上可知( )
A.A做匀速运动, B做匀加速运动
B.20s末A、B相遇
C.20s末A、B相距最远
D.40s末A、B相 遇
10.游乐园中，游客乘坐加速或减速运动的升降机，可以体会超重或失重的感觉。下列描述正
确的是( )
A.当升降机加速上升时，游客是处在失重状态
B.当升降机减速下降时，游客是处在超重状态
C.当升降机减速上升时， 游客是处在失重状态
D.当升降机加速下降时，游客是处在超重状态
11.如图所示，悬挂于小车里的小球向左偏离竖直方向θ角，则小车可能的运动情况
是( )
A.向右加速运动 B.向右减速运动
C.向左加速运动 D.向左减速运动
12.下列说法正确的是( )
A.由牛顿第一定律可知，物体在任何情况下始终处于静止或匀速直线运动状态
B. 伽利略的理想斜面实验证明了力不是物体维持运动的原因
C. 牛顿第一定律反映了物体不受外力作用时的运动规律，因此物体只在不受外力时才有惯性
D.牛顿第一定律既揭示了物体保持原有运动状态的原因，又揭示了运动状态改变的原因
13.如图所示 ，物块P、Q叠放在一起，静止在水平面上。则在下列的各对力中属于作用力和反作用力的是( )
A.P所受到的重力和Q对P的支持力
B.Q受到的重力和Q对地球的吸引力
C.P对Q的压力和Q对P的支持力
D.Q对地面的压力和地面对Q的支持力
14.如图所示,圆柱形的仓库内有三块长度不同的滑板aO、bO、cO,其下端都固定于底部圆心O,而上端则搁在仓库侧壁上,三块滑板与水平面的夹角依次是30°、45°、60°.若有三个小孩同时从a、b、c处开始下滑(忽略阻力),则( )
A.a处小孩最后到O点
B.b处小孩最先到O点
C.c处小孩最先到O点
D.a、c处小孩同时到O点
篇7：高一英语下学期期末调研试卷及答案
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
请听下面5段对话，选出最佳选项。
1.What did the man like when he was in college?
A.Rock music B.Classical music C.Pop music
2.How much is the man's TV sets?
A.$150. B.$300. C.$450.
3,What did the woman do last Saturday?
A.She attended a meeting B.She stayed at home. C.She travelled in Atlanta.
4.How did the woman get to work?
A.By bus. B.By bike. C.By car.
5.What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A job. B. A training course. C. An interesting experience.
第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
请听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6.Where does the man live?
A.In Apartment 205 B.In Apartment 305. C.In Apartment 503.
7.Why does the man call the woman?
A.He doesn't know how to cook.
B.His fridge doesn't work again.
C.He thinks his oven(烤箱)needs to be checked.
请听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.What did Allen do last night?
A.He played football B.He drove racing cars C.He played computer games
9.What does the man usually do online?
A.He sends e-mails. B.He makes friends. C.He gives out information.
10.What does the woman think of chatting online?
A.Popular B.Interesting C.Time-wasting.
请听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.Who is James?
A.The man's son. B.The man's brother. C.The woman's brother.
12.When will the man probably get to the restaurant next Friday?
A.At 7:00 B.At 6:30. C.At 6:00.
13.what does the man ask the woman to do?
A.Make a birthday cake for his mother.
B.Book a birthday cake for his mother.
C.Put some words on the cake.
请听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14.Where will the girl stay if she takes the course?
A.In a teacher's home. B.In a high school. C.In a college
15.What will the students do on Saturday?
A.Do sports. B.Go on an outing. C.Go to the cinema
16.what should the students take?
A.A dictionary. B.A course book. C.A grammar book.
17.How much does a four-week course cost?
A.£250. B.£680 C. £860
请听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18.Haw old is the speaker now?
A.About 30. B.About 31. C.Ahout 41
19.What do we know about the speaker and his wife?
A.They met in the university.
B.They won many competitions together.
C.They were both very good swimmers before they met.
20.What does the speaker do now?
A.He is a coach. B.He is a student C.He is a swimmer.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Once a father was seated at the dinner table with his wife and children. A good friend who had come to visit was eating with them. While they were sitting there the clock struck twelve，and the stranger saw the door open and a very pale little child dressed in snow-white clothes come in. It neither looked around，nor did it speak，but went straight into the next room. Soon afterwards it came back，and just as silently went out of the door again.
On the second and an the third day it came back in exactly the same manner. Then the stranger finally asked the father, whose beautiful child it was that went into the next room every day at noon.
“I did not see it，”he said，adding that he did not know whose child it might be.
The next day when it again came，the stranger pointed it out to the father, but the latter did not see it，nor did the mother and the children see anything. Then the stranger got up，went to the door of the room，opened it a little，and looked in. There he saw the child sitting on the floor, and busily digging and rooting about in the cracks in the floor. When it saw the stranger, it disappeared.
He now told what he had seen and described the child exactly.Then the mother recog-
nized it, and said,“Oh，it is my dear child who died four weeks ago.”
They ripped up the floor and found two farthings(一种铜币)which the child had once received from its mother to give to a poor man. It，however, had thought，“with that money you can buy yourself a piece of zwieback，”and had kept the farthings，hiding them in the cracks in the floor.
Therefore it had had no rest in its grave，and had come every day at noon to look for these farthings. Then the parents gave the money to a poor man，and after that the child was never seen again.
21.In the passage the writer use“it” to refer to the child instead of “he”，because____.
A.the child is lovely
B.the child is so young that we can't know he is a boy or a girl
C.the child isn't. a person alive
D.the friend doesn't know who is the child
22.Why did the child return to find two farthings?
A. Because he wanted to take them back to his grave.
B. Because he could buy himself a piece of zwieback.
C. Because he received from its mother to give to a poor man.
D. Because he can't forgive himself after his death.
23.what would be best title for the passage?
A. A Strange Family B. The Stolen Farthings
C. A Good friend D. The disappeared Child
B
General Airport Tips
Plan to get to the airport at least an hour early，or two during holidays and other busy times;this will reduce the stress of the flight，If all goes well, you will have time to relax，shop for last-minute items，or have a meal before the flight.
Flight Delays
Find out why your flight is delayed.Gall the free call numbers. Find out if other airlines are experiencing similar delays.If you believe the delay is due to something other than weather or air traffic problems, then mention your suspicion(怀疑)and ask the airline agent to book you on the next available flight，either on the same air-line or a competing one. This is called “Rule 240”，and all airlines are required to do it. Use the lingo(行话);ask，“Can you 240 me?”when speaking with an agent. They will know what you mean.
Flight Cancellations(取消)
If your flight is canceled，then make a reservation on the next flight to your destination(目的地).Usually, air-line officials will try to book everyone on their next flight out. Often they will put you on a competitor's next flight only if you request it. If on-time arrival is important to you, when you check flights through our reservation system yon can make your choices based on their on-time arrival records. Be sure to also check the weather conditions，as they often affect flight schedules.
Getting bumped(不能登机)
To avoid getting bumped, you must be at the loading gate at least 10 minutes ahead of scheduled departure(离开)for a U.S. Flight，20 minutes to/from Bahamas，Canada,and Mexico and 30 to/from all other international points. You must be at the loading gate，not the airport entrance.
24.By arriving at the airport earlier. one can_______.
A. get on the airplane immediately B.reduce the pressure of the flight
C. have a good rest in the airplane D.buy what he wants in the airport
25.If a person calls“Rule 240”，he wants to_____.
A.make sure the time for the next plane B.get a ticket for the next flight
C.know if other flights are also delayed D.ask about the reason for the plane delay
26.People heading for Germany must be at the loading gate at least____.
A.40 minutes ahead of time B.30 minutes ahead of time
C.20 minutes ahead of time D.10 minutes ahead of time
27.The purpose in writing this text is to__________.
A.show us how to get on a plane B.tell us what to do before and after a flight
C.put forward suggestions for a flight D.give us advice on dealing with airlines
C
It's good to make mistakes，and here is why. First of all，mistakes are a clear sign that you are trying new things. It's always good to try new things because when you are trying new things you are growing. If you never try anything new，how can you improve?How can you expand?The simple answer is“You can't.”Look around you. With very few exceptions，either every-thing you see in your world or every single detail of every single thing is the result of someone trying something new.
Another good thing about mistakes is this：When you are making mistakes，you are learning.Consider this：Edison failed 10,000 times before he perfected the 1ight bulb.When asked how it felt to fail that many times，he said that he hadn't failed 10,000 times，but rather had learned 10,000 things that didn't work.
Finally，when you make a mistake you are much closer to success.Why?Because when all is said and done，you will have tried some numbers of things before you succeed.Every time you make a mistake you eliminate one of those things and are one step closer.But this all doesn't mean that you should go ahead without considering the consequences(后果)of a mistake.Quite the contrary，when you try something new you have to be willing to set some reasonable limits so that in the event that it doesn't work out the way you want it to，you will he in a position to try again.
We all have limited time and money so don't blow them all on one approach to a problem.Realize that it probably won't be perfect the first time and allocate(分配)these resources properly so you can learn，make corrections，and try it again.If you accept and use your mistakes in this way，you can make great progress in your business and your career.
There is an old saying that goes，“If you're not making mistakes，you're not trying hard enough.”So go ahead and make mistakes.And learn.And grow.And succeed.
28.From the second paragraph，we can conclude that____________.
A.mistakes are unnecessary for development B.we are afraid of trying new thing
C.it's common for people to make mistakes D.mistakes are better than not trying
29.The underlined word“eliminate”means___________.
A.avoid B.remove C.accept D.solve
30.According to the article，one thing you should pay attention to about making mistakes is_________.
A.avoiding making the same mistakes B.accepting the punishment willingly
C.taking consequences into consideration1] D.trying things out one by one
31.What would the writer probably suggest we say to ourselves when we make a mistake?
A.Never mind，I can always try again B.I'd better stay out of trouble
C.Ok!Now I can learn something D.Look at this mess.Anyone would be upset
D
I had the meanest mother in the whole world.While other kids ate candy for breakfast，I had to have cereal，eggs or toast.While others had Cokes and candy for lunch,I had to eat a sandwich.As you can guess，my supper was different from the other kids too.But at least I wasn't alone in my sufferings.My sister and two brothers had the same mean mother as I did.
My mother insisted on knowing where we were at all times.She had to know who our friends were and where we were going.The worst is yet to come.We had to be in bed by nine each night and up at eight the next morning.We couldn't sleep till noon like our friends.She made us work. We had to wash dishes，make beds，and learn to cook.We had to wear clean clothes and take a bath every day.
Through the years things didn't improve a bit.We could not lie in bed“sick”like our friends did and miss school.Our marks in school had to live up to expectations.Our friends' report cards had beautiful colors on them，black for passing，red for failing.My mother，being as different as she was，would be satisfied with nothing less than ugly black marks.
As the years rolled by，we graduated form high school.With our mother behind us,talking and demanding respect，none of us was allowed the pleasure of being a dorp-out.We all attained higher education.None of us have ever been arrested or divorced.Each of my brothers served his time in the service of this country.She forced us to grow up into God-fearing，educated，honest adults.I am now trying to raise my three children.I am filled with pride when my children call me mean.Why? Because now I thank God every day for giving me the meanest mother in the whole world.
32.How did the author prove her mother was mean?
A.By telling stories B.By giving examples
C.By showing other people's opinions
D.By showing the bad results of her mother's actions
33.When the author says her mother was mean，she means her mother__________.
A.didn't love them B.didn't care about them
C.was very strict with them D.didn't buy them new things
34.What would the author's mother react if they had black marks?
A.She would be very happy B.She wbuld be very angry
C.She would comfort them D.She would blame herself
35.What is the author's attitude toward her mother's way of bringing them up?
A.Angry B.Disapproving C.Unknown D.Grateful
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分l0分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
36
Home can be a great place for children to study.It's important to provide a workspace of their own where they can read books or just write a letter to their friends.
●Location(位置)
37 Kitchen and dining room are not so well suited for regular study，since books and pens get in the way of the day-to-day uses of those areas.Set up a place where a child can settle in and leave papers and pens at hand without having to clear everything away eachnight.For a child that likes being alone，set aside a corner of his bedroom，but keep it separate from things like games，music and other hobbies not related to studying.
●Keeping Things in Order
Parents should encourage their child to spread out，but to leave it neat and orderly when he isn't using his workspace.Ownership is very important for self-respect 38 The workplace should be personal，but not another part of the playroom.
● 39
Encourage the whole family to help build a supportive environment that children need for success in school.Give them a good example of how to deal with problems，how to manage time and get things done in the right way. 40 Study will be more enjoyable and effective when supported by the whole family.
A,Attitude Is Everything
B.Bring Organization into your Home
C.Here are several ways to choose a location
D.Building a Good Home Learning Environment
E.Hold a can-do attitude and your child will follow your example
F.Setting up a space in a common area of your home can be a good idea for children
G.A child who learns to organize his spare will carry organization into every corner of his life.
第三部分:英语知识运用(共两节、满分45分)
第一节:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分;满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将答案涂黑。
Heather West，27，left“disabled”by a rare brain illness，plans to do a three-mile charity(慈善)walk to encourage other patients.
Miss West fell ill with flu last year. She 41 from the flu but a month later she 42 suffering headache and poor balance(平衡).Her doctor gave her some medicine，but it didn't 43 her condition and ten days later her father took her to the hospital.However,her condition got 44 ：her speech slowed，her eyes couldn't look in one direction and she had 45 in walking.By the time the test results came out showing great 46 to her brain，she had become oblivious(无知觉的)，Doctors told her parents it was a rare brain illness and 47 them she could die.
48 ，her father said his daughter was very strong-willed and that she wouldn't 49 her life.For six weeks，he read to his daughter，though there was no 50 that showed she could hear.To the doctors' 51 ，the 27-year-old made a recovery，which is 52 -it affects just eight in a million people each year，and nobody has recovered. 53 Miss West improved.Her eyes，which stared in different 54 ，got better.She learned to communicate by 55 her finger to say“yes”and putting it down to say“no”.Doctors 56 it would take her 12 weeks to learn to walk again，but Miss West 57 it nearly half the time.“She was always 58 and that was what helped her through.”said her father.Miss West,who will do the Race for Life in aid of(帮助)Cancer Research on Sunday， 59 .“Walking the three miles will be a big 60 and I hope it will encourage others.”
41.A.recovered B.suffered C.resulted D.escaped
42.A.minded B.avoided C.remembered D.started
43.A.discover B.bother C.improve D.satisfy
44.A.worse B.fairer C.weaker D.better
45.A.difference B.advantage C.feeling D.difficulty
46.A.pressure B.control C.attention D.damage
47.A.advised B.persuaded C.warned D.promised
48.A.However B.Therefore C.Besides D.Lnstead
49.A.deal with B.give up C.look into D.give in
50.A.need B.connnection C.sign D.symbol
51.A.shame B.surprise C.expectation D.sadness
52.A.frightening B.unclear C.familiar D.uncommon
53.A.Gradually B.Regularly C.Suddenly D.Directly
54.A.shapes B.colors C.directions D.sizes
55.A.moving B.raising C.rising D.changing
56.A.predicted B.prepared C.feared D.heard
57.A.supported B.lost C.made D.accepted
58.A.proud B.determined C.careful D.kind
59.A.responded B.added C.asked D.requested
60.A.loss B.magic C.debate D.achievement
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
M：That's all 61 this week.I'll see you here for another lecture next Tuesday. You're free 62 go--everyone but you，Ms Swanson.Could I have a minute of your time 63 you take off?
W：Sure.Um，is there a problem?
M：I 64 (finish)grading the tests.I want to talk to you before 65 (return)them to the class.
W：Oh，don't tell me that I 66 (fail) another exam!I tried so hard!
M：You didn't fail.In fact，you got 67 highest grade in the class.I'm concerned about how you accomplished this.
W：I didn't copay from other students，if that's 68 you think.I have actually changed my study 69 (habit)，planning my study time better，so that I don't wait until the last day to study， 70 has made a world of difference in how well I learn the material.
第Ⅱ卷
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分l0分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2、只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Tom and Dick are next door neighbor who both work in same office.They often walk together to and from work.Once they were walking to home together while it suddenly started to rain.Tom quickly opened his umbrella and said proud，“My wife really has great foresight(先见之明).She said this morning it would rain and tell me to carry my umbrella.”Dick smiled and walked up to her under the protection of the umbrella，said，“Mine has even great foresight.She didn't let me carry one as she know you'd share yours to me.”
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现象。某英语杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征文，标题是My Opinion on cheating in Examination.请根据下列提示用英语写一篇短文。内容要点如下：
主要原因：1、考试偏多，偏难。2、不用功，懒惰。3、取悦父母，老师。
个人看法：1、作弊不对，违反校规。2、要诚实，努力学习3、……(其它看法)
篇8：高一英语下学期期末调研试卷及答案
听力：1-5ACBCA;6-10BCCAB;11-15BACAB;16-20ACCBA
阅读：(A)21-23：CDB;(B)24-27：BBBD;(C)28-31：DBCC;(D)32-35：BCBD;
七选五：36-40：DFGAB
完型：41-45：ADCAD 46-50：DCABC 51-55：BDACB 56-60：ACBBD
语法填空：61.for; 62.to; 63.before; 64.have finished; 65.returning;
66.failed; 67.the; 68.what; 69.habits; 70.which;
短文改错
Tom and Dick are next door neighbor who both work in ∧same office.They often walk neighbors the together to and from work.Once they were walking home together while it suddenly when started to rain.Tom quickly opened his umbrella and said proud，“My wife really has great proudly foresight(先见之明).She said this morning it would rain and tell me to carry my umbrella.” told Dick smiled and walked up to her under the protection of the umbrella，said，“Mine has him saying even great foresight.She didn't let me carry one as she know you'd share yours to me.”
书面表达
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.
As students，we open take examinations at school,but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us.On the other hand.some of us are lazy and don't work hard at their lessons.So when taking examinations，some students sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.Besides,they have burden all sorts of pressure，especially for being admitted to university.Under such circumstances，they have no choice but to cheat.
In my opinion，it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools.We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations.What's more，we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.
篇9：高一英语下期末模拟试卷及答案
第 Ⅰ 卷(共105分)
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)略
第一节(共5小题;每小题词1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where does this conversation take place?
A. In a book store. B. In the street. C. At a bus stop.
2. What does the man think he forgot to do?
A. Pay the bill. B. Lock his car. C. Take his mobile phone.
3. How would the man like to spend his vacation next winter ?
A. By swimming. B. By relaxing in the sun. C. By doing outdoor sports.
4. What is the man complaining?
A. The office needs a new printer.
B. The woman isn’t friendly.
C. The printer is difficult to use.
5. What was the woman trying to do?
A. Be on time. B. Run a race. C. Finish her work.
第二节 (共 15 小题，每题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至第7题。
6. What do we know about the speakers?
A. They’ve lost their way.
B. They are buying a guidebook.
C. They are travelling in Canada.
7. What is the man’s suggestion?
A. Have a rest.
B. Try doing something else.
C. Visit another old building.
听第7段材料，回答第8至第9题。
8. How does the man get to school every day?
A. By bus. B. By subway. C. On foot.
9. How long does it take the woman to walk to school?
A.15 minutes. B. 20 minutes. C.30 minutes.
听第8段材料，回答第10至第12 题。
10. How many guests will attend the party?
A.Ten . B.Seven . C.Three.
11.Why didn’t Mary attend the party?
A. She had to work overtime.
B. She wasn’t invited to the party.
C. She had to deal with something else.
12. What did Peter bring to the woman’s house?
A. The music. B. The wine. C. The artwork.
听第9段材料，回答第13至第16题。
13. What is the woman doing?
A. Looking for some new music.
B. Helping the man choose CDs.
C. Selling CDs to the man.
14. Why doesn’t the man want to buy New Country by Benny?
A. He has bought one.
B. He doesn’t like Benny.
C. He dislikes country music.
15. What does the man think of boy bands?
A. They are creative. B. They are talented. C. They are good-looking.
16. What will the man do next?
A. Choose more CDs.
B. Go to the woman’s house.
C. Listen to his new CDs at home.
听第10段材料，回答第17至第20题。
17. What was Columbus’s purpose in sailing west?
A. To find a new way to India.
B. To help Spain expand its Empire.
C. To prove that the earth is round.
18. How many ships did Columbus take to sail?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four.
19. What did Columbus lack when he started sailing west?
A. Money and labors.
B. Trust from the European people.
C. Support from the king and queen.
20. Which was one of the results of Columbus’s exploration?
A. Spanish were spread around the world.
B. Many jewels were brought back to Europe.
C. Many crops were brought to Europe.
第二部分：英语知识运用(共两节， 满分35分)
第一节：语法和词汇知识运用(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21. The professor has ______ 11-year-old boy who has______ gift for dancing.
A. a; a B. an; the C. an; a D. the; 不填
22. After living in the city for 10 years he returned to the small village ______ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
23. —______ that he managed to get the book?
— Oh, his sister helped him.
A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it
24._______nice, the music in this film became popular soon after the film came about.
A. Being sounded B. Sounding C. Sounded D. To be sounded
25. He was _____ by his grandparents, so his parents seemed to be strangers to him.
A. brought out B. brought down C. brought in D. brought up
26. About 110 million people moved to this city. The population is _____ as ten years ago.
A. as twice large B. twice as large C. as many twice D. twice as many
27. The support of the students ______ the losing team and they played harder, so in the end they won the game.
A. brought up B. cheered up C. grew up D. turned up
28. ________ David says sounds right to Helen. That’s why she has made up her mind not to leave him ________ happens.
A. Whatever; whatever B. No matter how; whatever
C. No matter what; however D. Whatever; no matter how
29. Once it is formed，a bad habit is not easy to 。
A.get rid of B.pick out C.cut off D.care for
30. go straight on to university, why not get some work experience first?
A.Rather than B.More than C.As well as D.Along with
31. He has never been to Beijing. ________.
A. So will I B. Neither shall I C. So am I D. Neither have I
32. The man drove home after drinking and finally ________ a terrible accident.
A. results in B. resulting from C. resulted in D. resulted from
33. He has employed one of the top lawyers in the UK to________him.
A.protect B.prevent C.guard D.defend
34. The old man stood there with his eyes_______on the picture.
A.to focus B.focusing C.focused D.focus
第二节：完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36～55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
Having said goodbye to his parents, Alvin, with his wife and one-year-old son, set off back home. 36 excited, Alvin and Clare talked and laughed happily. And even little Alax 37 from time to time.The family were 38 much fun.
But about three hours later things began to 39 .It was starting to snow. Alvin sped up the car, 40 to arrive home before dark.But it was too dangerous to drive fast now.Because it was snowing more and more heavily.So Alvin had to 41 down.The snow on the 42 was getting deeper and deeper until it was hard to 43 on it.Their car slipped (滑落) off the way and got stuck in the deep snow 44 the engine refused to start again.
“The snow doesn’t seem to 45 .Shall we stay in the car waiting to be frozen to death or walk ahead through the snow?” Alvin asked.Clare said she 46 to walk. So they got out of the car with their son and began walking.But 47 was to come.Soon they lost their 48 and had to walk aimlessly on and on.
Night came.They were not afraid of the dark.But they were 49 that poor Alax would die of cold.However, their faith to keep Alax 50 made them filled with courage, warmth and strength.They 51 and rested in turn and then continued their walk.They had countless falls but each time true love encouraged them to rise to their 52 again.
36. A.Still B.Even C.Yet D.Ever
37. A.cried B.jumped C.smiled D.sang
38. A.taking B.having C.enjoying D.starting
39. A.work B.change C.come D.finish
40. A.phoning B.deciding C.thinking D.hoping
41. A.get B.slow C.go D.look
42. A.land B.highway C.fields D.car
43. A.walk B.sit C.stay D.wait
44. A.and B.but C.or D.for
45. A.fall B.end C.continue D.melt
46. A.liked B.preferred C.decided D.wished
47. A.better B.something C.nothing D.worse
48. A.hope B.luck C.way D.money
49. A.certain B.afraid C.sorry D.sure
50. A.happy B.silent C.alive D.dead
51. A.slept B.walked C.watched D.ate
52. A.heads B.eyes C.hands D.feet
53. A.danger B.help C.luck D.news
54. A.husband B.wife C.couple D.baby
55. A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing
第三部分：阅读理解(共20小题，每题2分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
James Cleveland Owens was the son of a farmer and the grandson of black slaves. His family moved to Cleveland when he was 9. There, a school teacher asked the youth his name.
“J.C., ”he replied.
She thought he had said “Jesse”, and he had a new name.
Owens ran his first race at age 13.After high school, he went to Ohio State University. He had to work part time so as to pay for his education. As a second year student, in the Big Ten games in 1935, he set even more records than he would in the Olympic Games a year later.
A week before the Big Ten meet, Owens accidentally fell down a flight of stairs. His back hurt so much that he could not exercise all week, and he had to be helped in and out of the car that drove him to the meet. He refused to listen to the suggestions that he give up and said he would try, event by event. He did try, and the results are in the record book.
The stage was set for Owens victory at the Olympic Games in Berlin the next year, and his success would come to be regarded as not only athletic but also political. Hitler did not congratulate any of the African American winners.
Having returned from Berlin, he received no telephone calls from the President of his own country, either. In fact, he was not honored by the United States until 1976, four years before his death.
Owens Olympic victories made little difference to him. He earned his living by looking after a school playground, and accepted money to race against cars, trucks, motorcycles and dogs.
“Sure, it bothered me, ”he said later. “But at least it was an honest living. I had to eat.”
In time, however, his gold medals changed his life. “They have kept me alive over the years, “he once said. “ Time has stood still for me. That golden moment dies hard.”
56. Owens got his other name “Jesse” when________. .
A. he went to Ohio State University B . his teacher made fun of him
C. his teacher took “J. C. ”for “Jesse” D. he won gold medals in the Big Ten meet
57. In the Big Ten meet，Owens________.
A. hurt himself in the back B. succeeded in setting many records
C. tried every sports event but failed D. had to give up some events
58. We can infer from the text that Owens was treated unfairly in the US at that time because ________.
A. he was not of the right race B. he was the son of a poor farmer
C. he didn’t shake hands with Hitler D. he didn’t talk to the US president on the phone
59. When Owens says “They have kept me alive over the years ”, he means that the medals________. .
A .have been changed for money to help him live on
B. have made him famous in the US
C. have encouraged him to overcome difficulties in life
D. have kept him busy with all kinds of jobs
60. What would be the best title for the text?
A. Jesse Owens,---A Great American Athlete
B. Golden Moment — A Life time Struggle
C. Making A Living As A Sportsman
D. How To Be A Successful Athlete
B
The man could not believe that there could be a greater archer than him，but he went and found the old man and he was! For three years he learned from him.Then one day，when he thought he had learned everything，the thought arose in him：“If I kill this old man，then I will be the greatest archer.”
The old man had gone to cut wood and he was coming back carrying wood on his shoulder.The young man hid behind a tree，waiting to kill him.He shot an arrow.The old man took a small piece of wood and threw it.It struck the arrow and the arrow turned back and wounded the young man very deeply.The old man came，took out the arrow and said, “I knew that some day or other you were going to do this.That’s why I have not taught you this secret.There is no need to kill me.My Master is still alive，and I’m nothing before him.You must be with him for at least thirty years.And he is very old，So go fast! Find the old man!”
61. The underlined word in the 1st paragraph is closest in meaning to“_______. ”
A.admire B.advise C.announce D.admit
62. The young archer wanted to kill the old man because_______ .
A.he had nothing more to learn from him
B.he could then become the greatest archer
C.the old man refused to teach him everything
D.the king’s old servant ordered him to do so
63. Which word can describe the young archer?
A.considerate B.generous C.humorous D.cold-blooded
64. What do you think would most probably happen next?
A.The young archer died from the wound soon after.
B.The king declared the young man the greatest archer.
C.The young archer found the old man’s Master and killed him.
D.The young archer set off to look for the old man’s master.
65. What lesson can you learn from the story?
A.There’s always someone better than you in this world.
B.You must never try to become better than your teacher.
C.The older a man is，the better archer he usually becomes.
D.Always use a piece of wood to protect yourself from an arrow.
C
There were smiling children all the way. Charily they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway, wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives. This is the simple village people of Malaysia(马来西亚). I was moved.
I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.
It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia. Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore, so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city, I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came into sight. Immediately I came alive; I decided to wave back.
From then on my journey became interesting. I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. I stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time.
The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3:00 pm. Soon the train pulled up(停车) at Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautiful. When my uncle armed with a smile, I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug (拥抱). I had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his car.
I looked forward to the return journey.
66. The author expected the train trip to be_________
A. adventurous B. pleasant C. exciting D. dull
67. What did the author remember most fondly of her train trip?
A. The friendly country people. B. The mountains along the way.
C. The crowds of people in the streets. D. The simple lunch served on the train.
68. Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “relish” in the second paragraph?
A. choose B. enjoy C. prepare for D. carry on
69. Where was the writer going?
A. Johore Baru B. The Causeway. C. Butterworth D. Singapore.
70. What can we learn from the story?
A. Comfort in traveling by train. B. Pleasure of living in the country.
C. Reading gives people delight. D. Smiles brighten people up.
D
A 1.6-meter tall robot may soon become the best friend for lonely elderly people，as Chinese scientists are making the final sprint(冲刺)toward its market launch(市场投放)，said a senior researcher on the robot project on Saturday.
“We are working on testing the exact functions and ways to reduce the cost in preparations for an expected market launch of the robot in two to three years，”said Li Ruifeng，a member of the project.
He said the team hoped to reduce the cost so that the robot can be priced at 30，000 to 50,000 yuan，which is expected to be an affordable price for most of China’s better-off families.
The robot has been developed with the functions of fetching food，medicine，sounding alarms in case of water or gas leakage，sending texts or video images via wireless communications，and even singing a song or playing chess to entertain its masters.
Li said that the robot，developed independently in China, has technology at the same level as those in western labs.
China set about the research of the robot in 2007，when it was listed as a national key project.It is backed by government funding(拨款).China has the world’s largest elderly population with 159 million people over 60，accounting for 12 percent of its total population. According to a survey by the Ministry of Civil Affairs，more than 10 million caregivers and nurses are needed to attend(护理) the elderly population，as most of Chinese elderly prefer to live their retired(退休) lives at home.
71.The passage mainly talked about_______ .
A.the problems of Chinese elderly population
B.the advantages of the robot caregivers
C.the robot caregivers research for the elderly in China
D.the government’s attention to the elderly
72.The underlined word “backed” in the last paragraph means_______.
A. supported B.suggested C.controlled D.stopped
73.From the last paragraph we know that _______.
A.our government pays no attention to the elderly people
B.China has the world’s largest elderly population
C.Chinese elderly people prefer to be looked after by robot caregivers
D.robots are the best friends for the lonely elderly people
74.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A.Robot caregivers will appear in the market in 2 or 3 years.
B.Robot caregivers can help elderly people do everything.
C.The robot needs some technology from western labs.
D.The robot is expected to be bought by every people.
75.The author wrote the passage to_______.
A.advertise a robot caregiver to the elderly
B.tell China elderly not to worry about their life
C.explain how robot caregivers work in the future
D.introduce a newly-developed robot caregiver
第四部分：书面表达(共两节，满分45分)
第一节：阅读表达(共5小题，每小题3分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，请根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的字数要求)
Learning to save money when you're young is an important lesson. All good lessons and habits begin early, and saving is a skill that everyone needs. Many people—adults included—do not have a good sense of saving for the long run.
I have been lucky to learn this lesson early because I have had a grass-cutting business since I was 10 years old. Of the money I make I spend about 10 percent and save the other 90.
Making sure you save and don't spend too much is a good way to build up wealth. I have put my earnings in a bank. Many teens I know spend all the money they earn so it never has a chance to grow. Young people should realize that their teenage years are a great time to begin saving.
At high school many parents pay for almost everything, so your expenses(花费) can be small. If you have a job, you should have fun with some of the money. But you should also save some so that it will grow. Then you can begin planning for your future. When you spend money, you not only lose that money, but also lose the interest you could have earned by saving it.
After high school, college is expensive and then “real” life begins, with expenses such as food and rent. If you can hold onto a good percentage(百分比)of the money you earn as a teen, going to college and buying a house will be much easier. ________________, the more time the money has to grow. If you are in your thirties without any savings, you will always have to struggle. The earlier you begin saving, the easier it is to create a nest egg.
Later in life it can be hard to start saving because general costs of living are more expensive and you may only have enough to pay your bills. If you want to buy a house and have a family, you need money to start with, which comes from saving.
Many say money cannot make you happy, and this is true. But money can help you to lead a secure life.
Saving early will mean you will have to work for fewer years when you are older. It will also allow you to spend time doing the things that you want to do.
In addition to this, it will mean you can live the way you want to without worrying.
76. What’s the best title of the passage?
77. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
As long as you save early, you’ll do less work to live well at your old age.
78. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(within 10 words)
79. According to the passage, what do you think of saving? (within 30 words)
80. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
第二节：写作(满分30分)
假如你是新华中学的学生李华，你的美国朋友Tom一周前给你发电子邮件，询问你暑假里的打算，但你因准备期末考试未能及时回复。请根据以下要点给他回封邮件：
1. 未及时回信的原因;
2. 你假期的打算, 如做兼职(part-time jobs)、旅行、做志愿者(volunteer)等
注意：1. 词数：120-150;
2 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom，
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
篇10：高一英语下期末模拟试卷及答案
第一部分： 听力(每小题1.5分，满分30分)略
第二部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)
第一节：单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
21-25 CBCBD 26-30 BBAAA 31-35 DCDCD
第二节：完形填空(共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分)
36-40 ACBBD 41-45 BBCAB 46-50 BDCBC 51-55 ADBCD
第三部分： 阅读理解 (共20小题;每小题2分，满分40分)
56---60 CBACA 61---65 CBDDA 66---70 DABCD 71-75CABAD
第四部分：书面表达(共两节，满分45分)
第一节：阅读表达(共5 小题;每小题 3分, 满分15分)
第二节：写作(满分30分)
Dear Tom，
How is everything going on with you? I’m writing this letter to express my apology to you for not writing you back in time.
In the first place, I’ll be so happy if you could accept my apology. It’s of great importance for me to make full preparations for the final exam last week. Therefore, I couldn’t spare enough time to write you back in time . What’s more, I am willing to tell you that I am to do some part-time jobs in the summer holiday. No one can deny the fact that we can have our vision broadened in the process. Last but not least , it must be pointed out that I would love to go travelling during this holiday.
I am looking forward to hearing from you. And I'll appreciate it very much if you give me an early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
篇11：苏教版初二上学期物理期末复习试卷及答案
C.甲、乙的运动状态发生改变
D.甲受到的摩擦力一定小于乙受到的摩擦力
5.(2011桂林)你在使用水性笔解答中考试题时，水性笔中的墨水保持不变的物理量是( )
A. 质量 B.密度 C.重力 D.体积
6.(2012淮安)如图1甲所示，一块长木板放在水平桌面上现用一水平力F，向右缓慢地推木板，使其一部分露出桌面如图1乙所示，在推木板的过程中木板对桌面的压力F、压强p和摩擦力f的变化情况是( )
A.F、p不变，f变大 B.F、f不变，p变大
C.F变小，p、f变大 D.F、f不变，p变小
7.(2012嘉兴)某同学用嘴对一小空瓶吸一口气，空瓶就能“挂”在嘴唇上，原因是( )
A.唾液把瓶粘住了 B.瓶内气压减小了
C.瓶外气压增大了 D.瓶子质量减小了
8.(2011眉山)如图所示，体积相同的三个球A、B、C，则它们所受浮力最大的是
A.A球 B.B球 C.C球 D.B球和C球
9.(2011包头)如图所示，在容器中放一个上、下底面积均为10cm2、高为5cm，体积为80cm3的均匀对称石鼓，其下底表面与容器底部完全紧密接触，石鼓全部浸没于水中且其上表面与水面齐平，则石鼓受到的浮力是
A.0 B.0.3N C.0.5N D.0.8N
10.(2011赤峰市)如图2是研究杠杆平衡条件的实验装置，要想使杠杆平衡，A处钩码应挂( )
A、1个 B、2个 C、3个 D、6个
11.(2011山西)如图4所示，是一种指甲刀的结构示意图，下列说法正确的是 ( )
A.ABC是一个省力杠杆
B.D处刀刃较薄，可以增大压力
C.杠杆ABC上有粗糙的花纹，可以减小摩擦
D.指甲刀只有两个杠杆，一个省力杠杆，一个费力杠杆
12.(2011桂林)在日常生活中，用10N的拉力不能提起重15N的物体的简单机械是( )
A.一个定滑轮 B.一个动滑轮
C.杠杆 D.斜面
13.(2011天津)滑雪运动员从山顶加速下滑的过程中，他的( )
A、重力势能增加，动能增加 B、重力势能减少，动能减少
C、重力势能增加，动能减少 D、重力势能减少，动能增加
14.(2008临沂)两名举重运动员，甲比乙高，如果他们举起相同质量的杠铃所用的时间相等，如图所示，则( )
A.甲运动员做功较多，功率较小
B.甲运动员做功较多，功率较大
C.甲运动员做功较多，
他们的功率相等
D.甲、乙运动员做功相等，功率相等
15.(2008常州)中考体育跳绳项目测试中，小明同学在lmin内跳了120次，则他跳绳时的功率大约是
A. 0. 5 W B. 5 W C. 50W D. 500 W
解析：本题是一道估算题，先估体重、跳绳高度。再计算。小明体重约500N，每次升高5cm，P=W/t=Gh×120/60s=50W
16.(2011莆田)质量较大的鸽子与质量较小的燕子在空中飞行，如果它们的动能相等，那么( )
A、燕子比鸽子飞得快 B、鸽子比燕子飞得快
C、燕子与鸽子飞得一一样 D、两者速度大小无法比较
17.(2011桂林)图5是小明在体育考试中测试“引体向上”时的示意图。关于“引体向上”，下列说法中
正确的是(D )
A.身体悬挂不动时，势能为零
B.身体上升时，重力做功，势能减少
C.身体下降时，重力做功，势能增加
D.身体上升时，克服重力做功，势能增加
18.(2011绍兴)如图甲所示，质量不计的弹簧竖直固定在一压力传感器上，压力传感器是电阻阻值随受到压力的增大而减小的变阻器(压力不超过最大值)，压力传感器、电流表、定值电阻和电源组成一电路。压力传感器不受力时电流表示数是I0。t=0时刻，将一金属小球从弹簧正上方某一高度由静止释放，小球落到弹簧上压缩弹簧到最低点，然后又被弹起离开弹簧，上升到一定高度后再下落，如此反复。整个过程中，不计能量损失，电流表示数I随时间t变化的图像如图乙所示，则( )
A.t1时刻，小球动能最小
B.t2时刻，弹簧的弹性势能最小
C.t2～t3这段时间内，弹簧的弹性势能先增加后减少
D.t2～t3这段时间内，小球增加的动能小于弹簧减少的弹性势能
二.填空题(每空1分，共22分)请把答案直接填在题中横线上的空白处，不要写出演算过程。
19.(2011柳州)由于地球的吸引而使物体受到的力叫做________力.一切物体在没有受到力的作用时，总保持__________状态或匀速直线运动状态，这就是牛顿第一定律。行驶的汽车突然刹车时乘客会向前倾倒，这是因为乘客具有___________。
20.(2012?哈尔滨)鱼缸中装满水，在水中轻轻放入一只小船，小船漂浮在水面上，从鱼缸中溢出5×10﹣4m3的水，则小船受到的浮力是___________N，小船所受的重力与浮力的关系是___________(g=1O N/kg).
21.(2011攀枝花)云南盈江地震中，一块体积为0.1m3的石头从崖上滚落水中(完全浸没)，则它受到的浮力大小约为______N。(g=10 N/kg)
22.(2011南充)质量为120g、体积20cm3的物体挂在弹簧测力计上，再把物体浸没在某种液体中，弹簧测力计的示数是1N，物体受到的浮力为____N，液体的密度为____kg/m3。
23.(2012南京)用手将一重为5N的物体全部压入水中，物体排开的水重8N，此时物体受到的浮力为___________N，放手后物体将___________(选填“上浮”、“下沉”或“悬浮”)，待物体静止时所受浮力为___________N，排开水的体积是___________m3。
24.(2008广安)俄制米一26TS是世界上最大的重型直升机，它在四川地震灾区唐家山堰塞湖应急疏通工程完成后的撤离行动中，把重约14t的挖掘机在30s内匀速提升到距工地600m的空中，在这个过程中它对挖掘机所做的功是______ J,功率是____________ W(g=1ON/kg)。
25. (2011烟台)如图14所示,轻质杠杆OA中点悬挂重为60N的物体,在A端施加一竖直向上的力F,杠杆在水平位置平衡,则力F的大小是_______________,保持F的方向不变,将杠杆从A位置匀速提升到B位置的过程中,力F将_____________(选填“变大”、“变小”或“不变”).
26.(衢州卷)如图所示为钓鱼竿钓鱼的示意图，O为支点，F1表示手对钓鱼竿的作用力，请完成下列问题：
(1)在图中画出鱼线对钓鱼竿拉力F2的力臂l2;
(2)钓鱼竿属于________杠杆
(选填“省力”、“费力”或“等臂”)
(27题)
27. (2011德州)刘佳的妈妈从超市买回一袋胡萝卜，刘佳捡了一个最大的用细线系好挂在弹簧测力计上(如图11所示)。胡萝卜重为 N，如果在系线处将胡萝卜切成两段，则GA_______GB(选填“大于”、“小于”或“等于”)
28. (2011内江) 4月12日，人类首位宇航员一一加加林进入太空50周年庆祝大会在俄罗斯隆重举行。如果通过宇航员把物体从地面带到太空后，那么，物体的质量将 (选填“不变”、“增加” 或“减小”) ，物体 (选填“有”或“没有”)机械能。
三、作图题(4分)
29.(2011青海)如图是盛有水的杯子静止在斜面上，画出小球静止时的受力示意图。
四、实验探究题(6分)
30.(衢州卷)将不易直接测量的量转化为可感知、可量度的量，这是一种常见的科学研究方法。请分析回答：
(1)在“研究影响摩擦力大小的因素”的实验中(如图甲所示)，用弹簧测力计拉动木块时，必须让木块在水平面上做 ________ 运动，通过弹簧测力计上的示数可得知摩擦力的大小;
(2)在“研究物体的动能跟哪些因素有关”的实验中(如图乙所示)，将质量不同的小钢球从同一斜面、相同高度由静止开始沿斜面滚下，通过比较同一木块被小钢球推动后 ________ ，可判断出小钢球刚滚到水平面时动能的大小。
五、综合应用题(31小题6分，32小题7分、33小题7分共20分)
31.(2011常德)佳佳冷饮店在顾客购买果汁后会免费为其提供冰块。如图是一杯果汁饮料中放有冰块的示意图。已知该饮料的密度为0.98×103kg/m3,冰块质量为20g，冰的密度为0.9×103kg/m3，杯子内部底面积为50cm2，杯中饮料的深度为10cm。
求：(1)冰块所受的浮力;(2)杯底所受的压力。
32.(金华)在汶川地震的抗震救灾中，党和政府把救人放在重中之重的位置。在倒塌房屋的废墟中搜救被困人员，重型吊机起到了重要的作用。如图所示所示的重型吊机在某次起吊中，吊起了20000千克的重物(钢绳的重和摩擦不计，取g=10N/kg)。求：
(1)当重物匀速上升时，钢绳受到的拉力为多少牛?
(2)若重物以0.1米/秒的速度匀速竖直上升15秒，重型吊机对重物所做的功为多少焦?
(3)在重物以0.1米/秒的速度匀速竖直上升的过程中，重型吊机对重物做功的功率为多少瓦?
33.(2008广东)如图所示，小明在跑步机上锻炼身体.设他在跑步机上以5m/s的速度匀速跑动30min，跑动的总动力为40N.
求：(1)他在这段时间内相当于跑了多少路程?
(2)他在这段时间内做了多少功?
(3)他做功的功率是多少?
参考答案
一、选择题
1.B 2. C 3. C 4.D 5. B 6. B 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.D 18.D
二、填空题
19. 重力;静止;惯性 20。5;平衡力 21。1000
22.0.2 1.0×103 23。故答案为：8;上浮;5;5×10﹣4.
24。8.4×107 2.8×106 25。30 不变
26。
27. 2.4;大于 28。不变 有
三、作图题
29.
四、实验探究题
30. (1)匀速直线 (2)运动的距离大小(或运动的远近)
五、综合应用题
31.答案：(1)由题意可知冰块放入果汁饮料中会漂浮
故冰块受到的浮力F浮=G冰=20×10-3kg×10N/kg=0.2N
(2)由液体内部的压强公式可得杯子底部的压强为:
p=ρgh=1.0×103kg/m3×10N/kg×10×10-2m=0.98×103Pa
故杯底受到的压力F=pS=0.98×103Pa×50×10-4m2=4.9N
32。解析：当重物匀速上升时，拉力与重力是一对平衡力，大小相等。由速度和时间可以求出距离，然后根据功的计算公式求出功，再由功率计算公式求出功率。
答案：(1) F=G=mg=2000kg×10N/kg=2×105N
(2)s=vt=0.1m/s×15s=1.5m W=Fs=2×105N×1.5m=3×105J
(3)P=W/t=3×105J/15s=2×104W 或者根据P=Fv=2×105N×0.1m/s=2×104W
33.答案：(1)由V=S/t 得：
S=vt=5m/s×30×60s=9000m=9km
(2)W=Fs=40N×9000m=360000J
(3)P=W/t=360000J/1800s=200W
初二上学期物理期末复习试卷及答案三
一、选择题(每小题3分，共33分)每个题中只有一个符合题意的选项，请将符合题意的选项前面的字母序号填在下面的表格内。
1.在物理学中，牛顿第一运动定律是用什么方法获得的
A.单纯的实验方法B.单纯的推测方法
C.数学推导的方法 D.实验加推测的方法
2.放在水平桌面上的电视机，受到彼此平衡的力是
A.电视机受到的重力和桌面对电视机的支持力
B.电视机受到的重力和电视机对桌面的压力
C.电视机对桌面的压力和桌面对电视机的支持力
D.电视机对桌面的压力和桌子受到的重力
3.某农户生绿豆芽时，将绿豆倒入盛水的容器中，发现成熟饱满的绿豆沉入水底，干瘪、虫蛀的绿豆漂浮在水面上，产生这一现象的原因是
A.沉底的绿豆受到的浮力小于重力，漂浮在液面的绿豆受到浮力大于重力
B.沉底的绿豆受到的浮力小于重力，漂浮在液面的绿豆受到浮力等于重力
C.沉底的绿豆受到的浮力大于重力，漂浮在液面的绿豆受到浮力等于重力
D.沉底的绿豆受到的浮力等于重力，漂浮在液面的绿豆受到浮力小于重力
4.下列说法中正确的是
A.机械效率越高，机械做功一定越快 B.做功越多的机械，机械效率一定越高
C.功率越大的机械做功一定越多 D.做功越快的机械，功率一定越大
5.能够说明组成物质的分子，处在永不停息的运动之中的事实依据有
A.将一杯芝麻与一杯黄豆混合后体积只有一杯半
B.每到第四节课，坐在教室里就能闻到厨房飘来的阵阵饭香
C.先后向一端封闭玻璃管中注入等量水和酒精，充分混合后酒精和水总体积变小
D.用力压两个表面光滑的铅块，铅块会黏到一起
6.在下列估测中，基本符合实际的是
A.一个中学生的体重大约为50N B.一只鸡的质量大约为50kg
C.人体的密度大约为1.0 ×103 kg/m3
D.一个中学生站立时，对地面的压强约1千帕
7.有一种用塑料或橡皮制造的挂衣钩，中间是一个空的“皮碗”，如图1所示，可以把它按在光滑的墙或玻璃上，在钩上再挂上几件衣服也不会掉下来，这是因为
A.墙对它有吸力 B.玻璃对它有吸力
C.衣钉对墙或玻璃有附着力 D.大气压的作用
8.如图2，小鱼口中吐出的气泡在升至水面的过程中，体积会逐渐变大，则气泡受到的浮力和气泡内气体压强的变化情况是
A.浮力不变，压强不变 B.浮力变小，压强变小
C.浮力变大，压强变大 D.浮力变大，压强变小
9.请将地球、银河系、太阳系、太阳按尺度大小由小到大进行排列，其中排列正确的是
A.地球、银河系、太阳系、太阳 B.太阳、太阳系、地球、银河系
C.地球、太阳、太阳系、银河系 D.太阳、地球、银河系、太阳系
10.在图3所示的简单机械中，属于费力杠杆的是
11.在苹果从树上落向地面的过程中，下列说法正确的是
A.苹果的势能增大，动能减小 ?B.苹果的势能减小，动能增大
C.苹果的势能不变，动能增大 ?D.苹果的势能不变，动能减小
二、填空题(每空2分，共30分)
12.生物课本上对血压做了如下定义:“血液在血管内向前流动时对血管壁造成的侧压力，叫做血压……健康成年人收缩压正常值的变动范围为12Kpa~18.7KPa…”这里“血压”的“压”是指的_______(选填“压强”或“压力”)。
13.假期，小明帮爸爸干农活，他们沿着小路拉车，爸爸用400N的力水平向南拉车，小明用200N的力水平向南推车，这二个力的合力大小是 N，合力的方向是 。
14.两小滴水银靠在一起，就变成一大滴水银，这说明水银分子间存在_______力，水银不易被压缩，这说明分子间存在______力，酒精和水混合后总体积会变小，这说明分子间有__________。
15.如图4所示，机翼上方的形状为曲线，下方形状近似于直线，则在相同时间内，机翼上方的气流通过的路程比下方气流通过的路程________，因而，机翼上方空气流动速度比下方流速_______，机翼上方受到大气的压强比机翼下方受到的压强______，形成的压强差使飞机获得竖起向_____ 的升力。
16.在图5中，A装置是___________滑轮(选填“定”或“动”)。若用30牛的拉力将旗帜匀速提升10米，则拉力所做的功为____ _______焦。
17.一台液压机小活塞与大活塞面积之比为1:20，如果在小活塞上加15N的力，则在大活塞上可以产产生 N的力。
18.在水平地面上，用60N的水平拉力拉重100N的木箱，使木箱沿拉力方向前进3m，拉力所做的功等于 J，重力所做的功等于 J。
三.作图实验题(19题3分，20题7分，3题5分，4题4分，共19分。)
19.在图6中，画出作用在“开瓶起子”上动力F1的力臂和阻力F2的示意图。
20. 妈妈在做菜时问小刚，你知道花生油的密度是多大?
(1)小刚想，花生油是油类，它的密度应该比水小，于是他滴了一滴油在水中，发现油浮在水面上，由此可以证明他的猜想是 的。
(2)到学校后，他做了如下实验:先用调好的天平测出烧杯和花生油的总质量150g，然后将一部分花生油倒入量筒中，再测出剩余花生油和烧杯的质量为107.6g，读出量筒中花生油的体积，如图7甲所示，最后算出花生油的密度，请你将测得的结果填入下表。
烧杯和花生油的总质量(g) 烧杯和剩余花生油的质量(g) 量筒中花生油的质量(g) 量筒中花生油的体积(cm3) 花生油的密度(g/ cm3)
150 107.6
(3)图7乙是他在实验结束后整理器材的情景，其中操作不规范的是____________。
21.小明和小华合作做“研究杠杆平衡条件”的实验
(1)实验时，小明先调节杠杆在水平位置平衡，你认为这样做的好处是 ______ 。
(2)小华将四个重力均为0.5N的钩码挂在杠杆左端后，又将弹簧测力计钩在杠杆A处的细线上(如图8所示)。要使杠杆在水平位置平衡，且弹簧测力计的示数最小，则小华应沿 _________ 方向拉弹簧测力计.在此情况下，小华读出弹簧测力计示数为4.2N.小明和小华对实验数据分析后得到的结论是:在误差允许的范围内，动力×动力臂 = 阻力×阻力臂。你认为他们这样就得出结论是否合理? ____________ ;
简述理由: __________________________________________________________。
22.某同学用如图9装置测定滑轮组机械效率，在实验前，请你帮他猜想该装置中可能影响其效率高低的主要因素有哪些?(要求写出两种即可)
猜想(1)
猜想(2)
四、计算题(23题9分，24题10分，共19分)
23. 如图10所示，某工人利用滑轮组提升矿井中质量为42kg的重物，用250N的水平力匀速拉动绳子，在10s内将重物提升5m至井口(取g=10N/kg)。求:
⑴ 工人做功的功率。
⑵ 该滑轮组的机械效率。
24.小亮在学习了“浮力”之后，做了一个观察鸡蛋悬浮的实验，主要操作步骤如下:如图11所示，先在水平桌面上放置一个底面积为100cm2的圆筒形容器(厚度可忽略)，向容器中注入10cm深的水，再取一个鸡蛋，称得其质量为55g,将它轻轻放入水中，发现鸡蛋沉至容器底部，此时测得水面升高了5mm，然后，向容器中加食盐并不停地搅动，直到鸡蛋恰好悬浮起来为止，请计算:
(1)容器中放入鸡蛋时，水对容器底部的压强是多大(g=10N/kg)。
(2)当鸡蛋悬浮起来时，盐水的密度是多少?
参考答案
一、选择题(每题3分，共33分)
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
答案 D A B D B C D D C B B
二、填空题(每空2分，共30分)
12.压强。
13. 600，向南。
14.引，斥，间隙。
15.长，大，小，上。
16.定，300。
17.300N。
18.180，0.
三、作图实验题(19题3分，20题7分，3题5分，4题4分，共19分。)
19.说明:全对得3分，只画对1处得1分。
20.(1)正确或对(2)42.4;53;0.8(3)用手直接拿砝码
21.(1)便于测量力臂。(2)竖直向下，不合理，仅依据测量数据得出结论没有说服力。
22. (1)动滑轮重力可能影响滑轮组的机械效率。
(2)摩擦及绳重可能影响滑轮组的机械效率。
(3)提升物体的重力可能影响滑轮组的机械效率。
四、计算题(23题9分，24题10分，共19分)
23. 解:⑴ 工人做功的功率: = 250W┄┄┄4分
⑵ 滑轮组的机械效率: 84%┄5分
答:工人做功的功率为250W;滑轮组的机械效率为84%。
24. 解:(1)P=ρ水gh=1.0×103㎏/m
3×10N/㎏×0.15m=1.5×104Ρa┄┄┄3分
(2)V蛋=Sh=100㎝2×5㎝=5×10-4m3┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄2分
∵鸡蛋恰好悬浮┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄1分
∴V排=V蛋=5×10-4m3┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄1分
由F=ρ盐水g V排得┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄┄1分
ρ盐水=F/g V排=G/ g V排=m/ V排=0.055㎏/5×10-4m3=1.1×103㎏/m3┄┄┄┄┄┄2分
答:容器中放入鸡蛋时，水对容器底部的压强是1.5×104Ρa. 当鸡蛋悬浮起来时，盐水的密度是1.1×103㎏/m3.
篇12：苏教版初二上学期物理期末复习试卷及答案
第一部分 选择题(共30分)
一、选择题(本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分.每小题给出的四个选项中只有一个选项正确)
1.下面所给出的与日常生活有关的数据中，符合实际情况的是
A.人正常体温是39.5℃ B.人脉搏正常跳动一次的时间为2s
C.一只鸡蛋的 质量约200g D.苏科版物理课本的宽度约19cm
2.下列关于“声现象”的说法中正确的是
A.“男低音”和“女高音”歌手同台演出，这里的“低”、“高”是指声音的响度
B.城市道路 两旁修建隔音板是为了从声源处减弱噪声
C.声呐系统利用超声波可探知海洋的深度
D.医院中用“B超”诊病是利用声音传递能量
3.下 列关于“质量”的说法中正确的是
A.水结成冰，质量变小了
B.把铁块加热后，再锻压成铁器，质量不变
C.1kg 泡沫塑料和1kg铜块的质量可能不相等
D.物体被宇航员带入太空 后，质量要变小
4.如图1所示的各种自然现象的形成过程，属于凝华的是
5. 雨后的夜晚，当你迎着月光走在 有积水的路上，为了避让水洼，应走“较暗”的地面.这
是因为光在
A.地面发生镜面反射 B.地面发生漫反射
C.地面不发生反射 D.水面发生漫反射
6.在0℃的环境中，把一块0℃的冰投入到0℃的水中，将会发生的现象是
A.冰全部熔化 B.冰有少部分熔化
C.水有少部分凝固 D.冰和水的原有质量不变
7.如图2所示，甲图是某物体运动的路程 (s)-时间(t)图像，则乙图中能与之相对应的速度 (v)-时间(t)图像是
8.在学校春季运动会百米赛跑中，晓燕以16s的成绩获得冠军.测得她在50m处的速度是6m/s，到终点时的速度为7.5m/s，则全程内的平均速度是
A.6m/s B.6.25m/s C.6.75m/s D.7.5m/s
9.教室内气温为25℃，小江同学在温度计的玻璃泡上涂有少量温度与室温相同的酒精，图3中能比较正确地反映温度计示数随时间变化的图像是
10.一个放大镜的焦距为8cm，张大爷用此放大镜来观察药品使用说明书上较小的文字
时，放大镜与药品使用说明书之间的距离应
A.小于8cm B.等于8cm
C.大于8cm D.在8cm和16cm之间
11.甲、乙两同学沿平直路面步行，他们运动的路程随时间变化的规律 如图4所示，下列说法中不正确的是
A.甲同学比乙同学晚出发4s B.4s-8s内，甲乙同学都做匀速直线运动
C.0-8s内，甲乙两同学运动的路程相等 D.8s末甲乙两同学速度相等
12.缺水地区的冬季，当地有些居民靠取冰雪来获得生活用水.如图5所示是将一定质量的冰雪，从-20℃加热到沸腾过程，温度随时间变化 的图像(不考虑水中有杂质产生的影响)，下列对图像分析正确的是
A.冰的熔点是0℃，水的沸点是100℃
B.冰的熔化过程需4min
C.冰熔化和水沸腾过程中都吸热且温度不变
D.图像中的BC段，物质只是以液态方式存在
13.在“探究凸透镜成像规律”的实验中，点燃的蜡烛放在凸透镜前某位置处，在光屏上成一清晰的像.现将蜡烛向远离透镜 方向移动一段距离，移动光屏后，又在屏上成一清晰的像.则
A.像变小，像距变大 B.像变大，像 距变小
C.像变大，像距变大 D.像变小，像距变小
14.如图6所示，将凸透镜看作是眼睛的晶状体，光屏看作是眼睛的视网膜，烛焰看作是被眼睛观察的物体.拿一个近视眼镜给“眼睛”戴上，光屏上出现烛焰清晰的像，而拿走近视眼镜则烛焰的像变得模糊.在拿走近视眼镜后，为了能在光屏上重新得到清晰的像，下列操作可行的是
A.将蜡烛远离凸透镜 B.将光屏远离凸透镜
C.将光屏靠近凸透镜 D.将光屏和蜡烛同时远离凸透镜
15.某校新建成一个喷水池，在池底中央安装了一只射灯.射灯发出的一束光照在右边的池壁上，当池内无水时，站在池旁左边的人，看到在S点形成一个亮斑，如图7所示，现往池内灌水，水面升至a位置时，人看到亮斑的位置在P点;如果水面升至b位置时，，人看到亮斑的位置在Q点，则
A.P点在S点的下方，Q 点在S点 的上方
B.P点在S点的上方，Q 点在S点的下方
C.P点在S点的上方，Q 点在S点的上方
D.P点在S点的下方，Q 点在S点的下方
第二部分 非选择题(共70分)
二、填空题(本题共9小题，每空1分，共24分)
16.中国第一代舰载战斗机歼-15从中国首艘航空母舰“辽宁号”的甲板起飞，如以 为参照物，则飞行员是静止;如以 为参照物，则飞行员是运动的.
17.如图8所示，敲响右边的音叉，左边完全相同的音叉也会发声，并且把泡沫塑料球弹起.该实验能说明哪些问题?请你写出一个： ;目前我国许多城市开始进 行PM2.5的环境监测，PM2.5是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5μm的颗粒物，也称之为可入肺颗粒物.2.5μm= m.
18.一只小虫落在小李的铅笔上，他驱赶小虫从铅笔的左端爬到右端用时5s;并用刻度 尺测量铅笔的长度，铅笔两端在直尺上所对刻度如图9所示(铅笔的中间部分省略未画出)，铅笔的长度是 cm;那么小虫爬行的平均速度约是 m/s.
19.护士帮病人打针前，通常会先用酒精棉球对注射处进行 消毒，此时病人会感到该处变凉爽，原因是酒精涂在该处会发生 (填物态变化名称)现象，会 (选填“吸收”、“放出”)皮肤周围的热量.护士测量病人体温用的体温计是利用液体 的性质而制成的.
20.在森林中旅游时，请不要随意丢弃饮料瓶.因为饮料瓶内进入水后，相当于一个 镜，对太阳光有 作用，容易引发火灾.
21.学校礼堂的墙壁做成 凹凸不平的蜂窝状结构，目的是 (填“增强”或“减弱”)声音的反射.礼堂的投影屏幕采用表面粗糙的材料是利用光的 ，屏幕采用白色的原因是 .
22.阳光下看到一朵花是红色的，是因为这朵花反射 光;一束太阳光通过三棱镜折射后，被分解成七种颜色的光，在白色光屏上形成一条七彩光带，如图10所示，这个现象叫光的 ，如果将白色光屏换成红色光屏，则我们将 (选填“能”或“不能”)看到七彩光带.
23.王芳同学站在平面镜前3m处，她的像到镜面的距离为 m，她向后退的过程中 ，像的大小 (填“变大”、“变小”或“不变”).现将一块和镜面一样大的木板放在镜子的后面1m处，如图11所示，这时她 (选填“仍能”或“不能”)在镜中看到自己的像.
24.(1)如图12所示，一束光从空气斜射 到某液面上发生反射和折射，入射光线与液面的夹角为30°，反射光线与折射光线的夹角为83°，则反射角的大小为 ，折射角的大小 为 .
(2)市公交公司为了保 证人们的上下车安全，在公交车上安装了“电视监控器”，凸透镜是该装置的光学系统，“电视监控器”的摄像头能成 (填“正立”或“倒立”) (填“放大”或“缩小”)的实像.
三、解答题(本题有8小题，共46分，解答26、27题时应写出解题过程)
25.(6分)按题目要求作图
(1)完成图13所示甲乙两图中的光路图;
(2)如图14所示，一束光线垂直射到玻璃砖的一个面.作出这束光线进入玻璃砖内的径迹和从斜面离开玻璃砖后的大致径迹.要求在斜面处标出法线.
(3)如图15所示，请你在图中画出点光源S在平面镜中所成的像和S发出的经镜面反射且过P点的光线.
26.(5分)元旦期间，小华一家驾车外出旅游.经过某地时看到路边有如图16所示的标志牌，请问：
(1)①“南京30km”的含义为 ;
②“60”的含义为 .
(2)在遵守交通规则的前提下，小华的爸爸驾车从此标志牌到南京最快要用多少分钟?
27.(6分)京广铁路客运专线(简称“京广高铁”)是以客运为主 的快速铁路.它北起首都北京，南到广州，全程近2300 km.该客运专线是我国“四纵四横”客运专线网之一，形成一条与京广铁路并行、纵贯我国南北、辐射范围最广的快速客运通道.京广高铁已于2012年12月26日全线开通运营，从北京坐G81列车到广州时间约8h.
(1)计算G81列车由北京驶往广州全程的平均速度;(计算结果取整数值)
(2)G81列车运行途中经过素有“大别 山第一长隧之称”的黄龙寺隧道，隧道全长8715m，已知列车长200m，若以题(1)中的速度匀速通过隧道，求列车全部通过隧道所用时间.
28.(5分)小明同学在“用天平测物体质量”的实验中：
(1)首先取来托盘天平放在水平桌面上，游码移到标尺的零刻度处，若天平的指针静止在图17甲所示位置，则可将平衡螺母向 (选填“左”或“右”)调节，使天平横梁在水平位置平衡;
(2)天平调节水平平衡后，小明按图17乙所示的方法来称量物体的质量，小华立即对小明说：“你操作时至少犯了两个错误.”小华所说的两个错误是：
① ;
② .
(3)小明虚心地听取了小华的建议，重新进行操作.在称量过程中，又出现了如图17甲所示的情况，他应该 ;
(4)天平再次调到水平平衡后，所用砝码和游码位置如 图17丙所示，那么小明所称量物体的质量是 g.
29.(6分)图18中甲是小明探究“水的沸腾”的实验装置.当水温上升到90℃时，每隔1min记录一次温度计的示数，得到如下数据，请根据表格中的数据，回答下列问题：
时间t/min 0[ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
温度t/℃ 90 95 98 100 101 102 102 102 102
(1)图甲中温度计的示数为 ℃.图乙中，表示水在沸腾时气泡的现象是其中的 图;
(2)根据实验数据，在图丙 中作出水的温度随时间变化的图像;
(3)水在沸腾过程中，需要吸收热量，温度 (选填“升高”、“不变”或“降低”);
(4)小明发现撤掉酒精灯时，烧杯内的水没有立即停止沸腾，你认为可能的原因 (写出一条即可).
30.(3分)小明同学用如图19所示的装置研究光的反射规律，其中有一个可折转的光屏.
(1)光屏在实验中的作用是：① ; ② .
(2)实验时光屏应如何放置? .
31.(6分)如图20所示是小明“探究平面镜成像特点”的 实验：
(1)实验室提供了如 下器材：①厚为2mm的茶色玻璃、②厚为5mm的透明玻璃、③直尺、④光屏、⑤两只相同的蜡烛A和B、⑥火柴.探究活动中应选用的玻璃板是 (填序号);
(2)点燃蜡烛A，小心地移动蜡烛B，直到与蜡烛A的像完全重合为止，这样做的目的既确定了像的位置又验证了 ;
(3)在寻找蜡烛A的像的位置时，眼睛应在蜡烛_ (选填“A”或“B”)这一侧观察，这里所采用的研究方法是 (选填“控制变量法”或“等效替换法”);
(4)移去蜡烛B，并在其所在位置上放一光屏，则光屏 (选填“能”或“不能”)承接到蜡烛A的烛焰的像;
(5)实验中，小明只进行了 一次实验，就得到了“像与物到镜面距离相等”的结论.这种做法的不合理之处是 .
32.(9分)如图21所示，在“探究凸透镜成像规律”的实验中，凸透镜位置保持不变，凸透镜的焦距为10cm.
(1)实验中随着蜡烛的燃烧，光屏上依然得到烛焰清晰的像，但光屏上像的位置却偏高，为了使像仍成在光屏的中央，则应向 (填“上”或“下”)调节凸透镜;
(2)调整后，图中 光屏上烛焰的像是倒立 的实像，此规律的应用是 (举一例);
(3)若实验中光屏上呈现了烛焰倒立清晰的像，如果去掉光屏，眼睛在图21中A 处_ (选填“能”或“不能”) 看到这个像，原因是 ;
(4)要使光屏上的像变成与物大小相等，则应向左调节蜡烛到30cm处，光屏应向 调(填“左”、“右”)到 cm处，此时蜡烛和光屏之间距离与开始相比变 (填“大”、“小”或“不变”);
(5)透镜位置不变，将蜡烛移到标尺45cm处，此时眼睛应在什么位置朝着什么方向才能观察到蜡烛的像?答：
八年级物理参考答案及评分标准
三、解答题(本题有8小题，共46分，解答26、27题时应写出解题过程)
25.(每小题2分，共6分)图略
26. (2分+3分，共5分)
(1)①从此标志牌处到南京还有30 Km的路程 ②限速60km/h (2)30min
27. (3分+3分，共6分)
(1)288Km/h (2)约1 11s
28. (每空1分，共5分)
(1)右 (2)①物体应放在左盘内，砝码应放在右盘内 ②不应该用手拿砝码
(3)向右盘中增加砝码或向右调游码 (4)47.4g
29. (作图2分，其余每空1分，共6分)
(1)91 A (2)图略 (3)不变
(4)烧杯底(或石棉网或铁圈)的温度仍高于水的温度，水 能继续吸热
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高一期末物理试卷及答案（精选12篇）
