【导语】“plcom59”通过精心收集,向本站投稿了8篇语法和词汇考点详解----主谓一致,以下是小编帮大家整理后的语法和词汇考点详解----主谓一致,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
- 目录
篇1:语法和词汇考点详解----主谓一致
【命题依据】 主谓一致是历年高考试题中的主要测试点之一,它主要以单项填空的形式来测试语法形式上一致的原则,语言内容上一致的原则,谓语与毗邻主语一致的原则,同时还涉及动词时态、语态和修饰等。由于汉语中没有主谓一致问题,所以,有时,我们很难把握这一语法现象。尽管近几年全国高考对主谓一致这一语法现象的考查的频率不高,但在今后的高考试题中还是不可避免的。我们在注意掌握主谓一致的基本原则的同时,要特别注意语言内容上一致的原则,分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、主语从句等用作主语的主谓一致问题仍将会是今后高考命题的热点。
[例题1]-How did your students express their thanks to you on Teachers’ Day?
-A gift, together with many flowers ____ sent to me by my students.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意当主语后面带有with等介词短语时谓语动词与主语在人称和数上的一致关系。
【答案解析】题干中句子的主语是A gift ,介词短语together with many flowers在句中用作状语,故谓语动词应用单数形式,因动作已在过去发生,故用一般过去时。答案C。
[例题2]-Mike, what did our monitor say just now?
-Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who ____ to visit the museum ___ asked to be at the school gate before 6∶30 in the morning.
A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要理解题干结构,把握以every, no, each 等限定的并由and连接的两个并列名词用作主语时的主谓一致以及定语从句中的主谓一致。
【答案解析】该题为一个带有定语从句的复合句,句中作定语的关系代词who指代先行词teachers,为复数,故谓语动词该用are; as well as连接两个主语时,谓语动词要根据前一个主语决定;由 every, no, each 等限定的并由and连接的两个并列名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。答案D。
[例题3] Children under sixteen are not permitted to see such kind of films ___ bad for their mental development.
A. that is B. that are C. as is D. as are
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确判断such...that与 such...as 引导从句的区别以及以kind of构成的短语作主语时主谓一致关系。
【答案解析】分析句子意思及句子结构,该句为such...as引导的定语从句,不属 such...that 引导的结果状语从句,故排除选项A、B;在 kind of +名词作主语时,其谓语动词要与kind保持一致,故该句中谓语动词用单数。答案C。
[例题4]-What’s your favorite in your spare time, Jack?
-Writing stories and articles ____ what I enjoy most.
A. is B. was C. were D. are
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意把握动名词、不定式以及主语从句用作主语时的主谓一致关系。
【答案解析】分析句子意思可知,该题是“动名词+名词复数”作主语,在这一结构中,谓语动词应由动名词决定,“写小说和文章”是强调“写作”这一概念,为单数形式,表示现在的状态。答案A。
[例题5]-Are the new machine working?
-Yes. Three million tons of coal ____ exploited every year in the city.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意不可数名词被表示“数量、容量单位的复数名词+of”限定,用作主语时的主谓一致的运用。
【答案解析】句中coal(煤)为不可数名词,被 three million tons of限定,在句中作主语。这时,句子谓语动词的数应与 of 短语中表示“数量”的名词“tons”一致,故要选复数形式的谓语动词。根据句子意思,选项部分为一般现在时的被动结构,选项 C、D都是主动语态结构。答案 B。
[例题6] I have finished a large part of novel written by Dickens, the rest of which ____ very difficult.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意句中关系代词which所指代的名词。
【答案解析】根据句子意思可知,句中关系代词which所指代先行词 novel为一整体概念的名词,应视为单数,说明代词 the rest为 novel的部分,也应该视为单数形式,故句子的谓语动词为单数形式,强调现状,用一般现在时。答案 A。
[例题7] The great writer and professor ___, who ___ very strict with his students.
A. is an old man; isB. are both old men; are
C. is an old man and a young man; is D. are two Chinese; are
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意区别由and连接的两个可以兼类的名词作主语时的主谓一致关系。
【答案解析】句中and连接的两个名词为可以兼类的表示人的职业的名词,当两个名词前被一个冠词限定时,应视为单数,表示一个人,当两个名词前分别有冠词限定时,应视为复数,表示两个人;根据句子结构,定语从句中的关系代词who指代的先行词就是前面的单数名词,故定语从句也应为单数形式。答案 A。
[例题8] A large number of students in our school from the countryside; the number growing these years.
A. is; has been B. are; has been
C. is; have been D. are; have been
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意a number of 和the number of 后接名词复数作主语时的主谓一致关系。
【答案解析】a number of意思为“许多”,后接复数名词作主语时,应视为复数,谓语动词要用复数形式; the number of后接复数名词,意思为“……的数量”,表示单数意义,谓语动词要用单数形式。答案B。
[例题9] What the remote areas need ____ education to children and what the children need ____ good textbooks at the moment.
A. is; are B. are; is C. was; were D. were; was
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意由特殊疑问词what引导的主语从句作主语时的主谓一致关系。
【答案解析】一般情况下,what引导主语从句,常表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式,但当它所指的具体内容是复数意义时,谓语动词要用复数形式。该题强调现在,用一般现在时态。答案A。
[例题10] There ____ a table, four chairs, three bikes in the courtyard, in the middle of which ____ two tall trees with great shade.
A. are; is B. is; are C. has; have D. have; has
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确判断there be结构中地点状语前置的主谓一致关系。
【答案解析】在there be句型结构中,如果有两个或两个以上的名词位于 there be之后,用作句子的主语时,be动词的单复数应与最靠近它的名词保持一致,故第一空选 is;第二空为地点状语前置,选项后的名词为句子的主语,为复数名词,故谓语动词要用复数形式。选项 C、D均为结构错误。答案 B。
[例题11] The Arabian Nights ____ well瞜nown all over the world, in which many a story ____ interesting and instructive.
A. is; are B. are; is C. are; are D. is; is
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意把握以复数形式出现的书名、人名、国名等专有名词用作主语以及“many a+单数名词”用作主语时的主谓一致关系。
【答案解析】题干中the Arabian Nights为书名,形式上是复数,但谓语动词要用单数形式;如果主语名词被 many a限定,从意义上看为复数,但谓语动词仍用单数形式。答案D。
[例题12] The young ____ eaten up almost everything; one and a half bananas ___left on the table.
A. is; are B. are; is
C. has; have been D. have; has been
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意有些形容词前加上the以后表示一类人用作主语以及 “one+and a half +复数名词”用作主语时的主谓一致关系。
【答案解析】第一空the young 意思为“年轻人”表示复数意义,故谓语动词要用复数形式,且用主动语态;第二空 “one + and a half +复数名词”,常视为单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式,且用被动结构,选项B第一空为被动结构,不符合句子意思。答案 D。
篇2:语法和词汇考点详解----虚拟语气
【命题依据】虚拟语气是历年高考的选考考点。在高考15套试题中考查虚拟语气的共两题。考点常集中在含蓄条件句以及宾语从句中的虚拟语气上。所设选项常通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示,而且都是结合具体语境来考查对考点的运用能力。今后高考对虚拟语气的命题重点仍会是在特定语境中考查虚拟语气中的含蓄虚拟条件句、宾语从句中的谓语动词等。
[例题1]-Can you come to attend our party tonight?
-Sorry, but I do wish I ____.
A. had B. can C. will D. could
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要理清上下文语境,准确判断wish引导的宾语从句中虚拟结构的使用。
【答案解析】分析上下文语境可以知道,wish引导的宾语从句表示与将来事实相反的愿望,故应用would,could+动词原形。答案D。
[例题2] It is necessary that people both young and old in China ____some English to be prepared for the Olympic Games to be held in Beijing in 2008.
A. learn B. will learn C. must learn D. have learned
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意在句型It is necessary(strange, natural, important...)+从句中,从句中谓语动词虚拟语气结构的使用。
【答案解析】在句型 It is necessary(strange, natural, important...)+从句结构中,从句中谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”构成,should 可以省略。答案A。
[例题3] If he his legs in the last training, he the coming World Cup, which he has been longing to compete in.
A. hadn’t hurt; would join in
B. hadn’t hurt; would have taken part in
C. didn’t hurt; would go in for
D. didn’t hurt; would have taken part in
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据句子意思准确推断出主从句中谓语动词虚拟结构的使用,特别注意主从句动作所发生的时间不一致性的关系。
【答案解析】根据句子结构可以知道,该题是由if引导的条件状语从句,分析句意,该句表示一种假设,从句中的动作是在过去发生,即表示与过去事实相反,主句的动作是在将来发生,即表示与将来事实相反,故从句谓语动词用had done,主句用would (could, might) +动词原形。答案A。
[例题4] I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise I ____you waiting for such a long time.
A. will not keep B. have not kept
C. had not kept D. would not have kept
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要把握otherwise表示转折意义后的句子结构中虚拟语气的使用。
【答案解析】根据句子意义,otherwise 前的分句为客观事实,使用的为一般过去时,而otherwise 后一分句则表示与过去事实相反的一种假设,句中实际省略了if 条件句if I hadn’t been caught...故选项部分应为与过去事实相反的主句虚拟结构,应选 wouldn’t have kept。答案D。
[例题5] Though the girl had been suffering from the blood disease, she acted as if nothing ____ to her while facing her friends and relations.
A. happened B. would happen C. was happened D. had happened
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确判断as if引导的从句中虚拟结构的使用。
【答案解析】在as if ,as though 引导的方式状语从句中,从句谓语动词要用虚拟结构,根据题干中动词所使用的时态可以看出,选项部分是表示与过去事实相反的动作,要用had + 过去分词构成。答案 D。
[例题6] It’s high time that we students _____ even harder at our lessons as the national entrance examination is coming nearer.
A. work B. will work C. worked D. have to work
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意在句型It’s time that...结构中虚拟结构的使用。
【答案解析】在It is time that ...句型结构中,从句的谓语动词要用虚拟结构,可以用一般过去时,也可以用should +动词原形,但should不可省略。答案 C。
[例题7] ____him not to do so, he wouldn’t have made such a serious mistake.
A. Did I persuade B. If I persuade
C. If I should persuade D. Had I persuade
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要把握在虚拟条件句中,省略if时,句子结构的使用。
【答案解析】题干中主句的谓语动词使用了wouldn’t have made, 说明该动作表示与过去事实相反,故条件句使用表示与过去事实相反的虚拟结构if sb. had+过去分词,或使用 had sb. done 即省略了if的虚拟结构。答案D。
[例题8] His suggestion that you ____once more sounds reasonable.
A. try B. tried C. must try D. can try
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意把握在表示“建议、命令、要求”等引导的名词性从句中,虚拟结构的使用。
【答案解析】分析句子意思可以知道,名词suggestion之后的从句为同位语从句,从句中应使用 “should+动词原形”。其中 should 可以省略。答案A。
[例题9]-Do you mind if we set out earlier tomorrow morning?
-Well, I’d rather you____.
A. don’t B. didn’t C. won’t D. wouldn’t
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意would rather后从句中虚拟结构的使用。
【答案解析】would rather后的从句,如果从句的谓语动词表示与现在或将来事实相反,常用一般过去时,如果与过去事实相反,用过去完成时。该题根据上下文语境可以知道,选项部分的动作是与将来事实相反,故应使用一般过去时。答案 B。
[例题10]-I ____ to your birthday party last Sunday.
-Unfortunately, you were out on business.
A. had come B. came
C. would come D. would have come
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要根据上下文语境,准确推断出部分虚拟结构的使用。
【答案解析】根据对话情景可知,答句Unfortunately, you were out on business.(不幸的是你出差了)实际上是上一句暗示的条件。从答句所给的特定的动词时态(一般过去时)来看,上句所说内容是对过去情况的假设,故暗示的条件句应为If I hadn’t been out on business,由此可见,选项部分为主句的谓语动词,表示与过去事实相反,应选用would have come。答案 D。
篇3:语法和词汇考点详解----代词
【命题依据】 代词在近几年高考试题中出现频率很高,每年至少测试一道题,和高考中甚至出现了两道题。测试代词的题型主要是单项填空,常以对话形式构成特定语境,考查考生灵活运用代词的能力。常考点主要为人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、代词的肯定与否定以及代词表示全部与部分的用法等。今年高考命题将继续加大对代词在具体、特定语境下灵活运用力度的考查。不定代词one, the one, ones, the ones与指示代词this, that, these, those, it 的用法区别、代词的肯定与否定、全部与部分的用法以及反身代词的惯用语(例如help oneself, please yourself, by (for, of) oneself, enjoy oneself等将会是未来高考的命题重点。
[例题1]-What an amazing film! It’s the most interesting film I’ve ever seen.
-But I’m sure it won’t interest ____.
A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确判断句子的部分否定与全部否定,作出选择。
【答案解析】根据上下文语境及答话人的意思:我敢肯定这部电影不可能使每个人都感兴趣,说明该句为部分否定。答案D。
[例题2]The information he gave us is more important than ____ we got ourselves.
A. one B. those C. that D. the one
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是准确定位选项代词所指代的句中名词,作出正确选择。
【答案解析】根据句子意思可以知道,选项代词所代替的是句中不可数名词information,选项A、B、D必须替代可数名词,只有that可以替代不可数名词或特指的可数名词单数。答案C。
[例题3]-Which of those electronic dictionaries do you like most?
-____. They are both expensive and of little use.
A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意分析说话者指向的范围,特别注意答话人的语意。
【答案解析】根据问话人所用的most可以知道,句中 electronic dictionaries 应为三者以上,再根据答句意义判断,选项应为否定,故应选none。该句答句部分both...and很容易迷惑考生,使之误认为是两者的否定形式,而误选 neither。答案A。
[例题4]The winners, Bob and ____, who won the game, praised the losers, ____ and ____.
A. she; them; us B. her; they; are
C. they; she; I D. her; me; him
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确判断人称代词在句中作主语和宾语的用法。
【答案解析】第一空为主语的同位语,故选人称代词的主格;第二空为宾语的同位语,应选人称代词的宾格,分析四个选项可以知道只有A项符合句子结构。答案A。
[例题5]Mr. Green kept telling her daughter not to surf the Internet too frequently, but ____ didn’t help.
A. he B. she C. which D. it
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意理清句子的结构,分析选项代词所指代内容。
【答案解析】分析句子结构可以知道,该句是有转折连词 but连接的并列分句,故首先排除选项C(注意:如句中没有连词 but,可用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句)。答案D。
[例题6]-Which of the two books will you take?
-I’ll take and I think of them is very important to me.
A. either; neither B. neither; both
C. both; either D. either; both
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要理清句子意思,判断表示两者的肯定代词与否定代词能否使句子意思前后一致。
【答案解析】根据答句意义可以知道,此句为肯定意义,说明答话人对两者都表示满意,故首先排除选项A、B;选项D局部与整体意义矛盾,只有选项C符合句子意思。答案C。
[例题7]Never laugh at failure of ___, because ____ enjoys being laughed at.
A. others; nobody B. the others; everyone
C. the others; anyone D. others; someone
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要根据句子意思,判断选项代词的特指与泛指,肯定与否定的意思。
【答案解析】根据句子意思,第一空没有特定范围,表示泛指;第二空应为表示否定意义的不定代词,意思为“没有人喜欢被人嘲笑”。答案A。
[例题8]-What do you think of the price of these computers?
-They are at least equal in price to, if not cheaper than, ____at the other companies.
A. it B. ones C. that D. the ones
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要根据句子意思,推断选项代词的句中具体名词,作出正确选择。
【答案解析】分析句子意思可以知道,选项代词所指代的名词为computers,且为特指,故应选the ones (=those), 相当于the computers。答案D。
[例题9]-It’s time to tidy your room, Mike!
-See the tidy room, Mum! ____ is where it should be.
A. Something B. Anything C. Everything D. Nothing
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确区别anything 与everything在肯定句中所表达的意义。
【答案解析】根据答话人所说内容可以知道,房间里一切都很整洁,含有整体性,应用everything。anything用于肯定句时,表示强调,该句无强调之意。答案 C。
[例题10]Shopping online can provide ____ convenience and choice, but not ____ websites are safe enough for shopping.
A. either; both B. neither; any C. both; both D. both; all
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要根据句子意思,分辨表示两者和三者意义的代词在句中的准确表达。
【答案解析】第一空用both,构成 both...and ,用来连接两个宾语“既方便,种类又多”;第二空用all 与not连用,表示部分否定,“并非所有的网站都安全”,此处无两者之意。答案D。
篇4:语法和词汇考点详解----动词短语
【命题依据】动词短语是历年高考考查的一个热点,每年必考。在每年的单项填空题15道题中至少有一道题测试动词短语。设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。动词短语考查面广,灵活度强,在历年高考题拟题中倍受青睐。
[例题1]Some of the students have already learned enough English to ____ a conversation with a native English speaker.
A. hold on B. keep on C. go on D. carry on
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是不仅要理解供选择的四个动词短语的意义,而且要结合题干中的名词与动词短语的关系来进行判断选择。
【答案解析】选项A、B、C三个动词短语都表示“继续”之意,与题干中名词a conversation with a native English speaker构成短语,不符句意。答案D。
[例题2] You’d better fly somewhere in the west. Then you can ____ a hire car and travel around.
A. take up B. get on C. pick up D. turn on
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据所给动词短语的意思,结合题干句作出正确选择。
【答案解析】take up开始学,从事,占去; get on 上车,相处,进展; pick up 拾起,学会,收听到,搭车;turn on打开。根据句子意思,应选择pick up,搭乘出租车。答案C。
[例题3]We’ve invited Mr and Mrs Brown to dinner. But we’ll have to because of the baby’s sickness.
A. took up B. made up C. gave up D. put off
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是注意区别give up与put off的差异。
【答案解析】根据句子意思,首先排除选项A开始学,从事,占去;B组成,构成;而选项C(give up放弃)强调主观意义,不符句子意思,故应选put off(推迟)。答案D。
[例题4]They have most carefully the time and money needed to complete the project.
A. picked out B. left out C. figured out D. taken out
【解题关键】 由于选项B、C两个动词短语为不常见短语,意义生疏,故解题时必须根据题干句子意思进行排除选择。
【答案解析】pick out挑出,选出; leave out 漏掉;figure out算出; take out拿出,取出。根据句子意思:他们十分仔细地算出了完成工程所需要的钱和时间,故应选figure out。答案C。
[例题5]The actress who had been thought highly of to be a great disappointment.
A. turned up B. turned out C. turned down D. turned in
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是理解句意:区别四个由动词turn所构成的短语意义,作出正确选择。
【答案解析】turn up调大(音量),出现;turn out结果是,证明是,生产,制造; turn down调低,拒绝;turn in交上去。答案B。
[例题6]-It’s a good idea. But who’s going to ____the plan?
-I think Tom and Mike will.
A. carry out B. get through C. take in D. set aside
【解题关键】该题提供的四个短语意义较广,解答该题的关键必须结合句子意思进行排除从而得出正确答案。
【答案解析】carry out执行,实行;get through完成,度过,通过;take in吸收,领会; set aside不理会,搁置。根据句子的意思:这是一个好主意,但谁去执行这个计划呢?故选carry out。答案A。
[例题7]Most people didn’t accept the theory when it was first ____.
A. set about B. set off C. put forward D. put out
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是结合句子的意思将短语代入,采用排除法进行选择,注意句子的意思与选项动词短语的意义一致。
【答案解析】set about 着手;set off出发,激发; put forward提出; put out扑灭。句意为:当这个理论最初被提出时,绝大多数人不能接受。故选put forward。答案C。
[例题8] Without proper lessons, you could ____ a lot of bad habits when playing the piano.
A. give up B. catch up C. keep up D. pick up
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意短语pick up的意义及题干句意的理解。
【答案解析】give up放弃;catch up赶上; keep up维持; pick up学会,搭车,拾起,收听到,无意中得到。根据句子的意思:如果没有正确的指导,弹钢琴时就会染上许多坏习惯。答案D。
篇5:语法和词汇考点详解----情态动词
【命题依据】从近几年的高考试题来看,情态动词是一大热点。每年单项填空题必考一题,通常从三个方面来考查考生对情态动词的运用:一是情态动词本身所表达的意义,如表示禁止、命令、威胁、许诺等意义;may, might, need, should等的用法。二是 “情态动词+have done”表示推测。三是情态动词后面省略形式的用法区别,如I could(=I could do),I could have (=I could have done)的区别。
[例题1]English is a language that many people around the world not speak perfectly but at least understand.
A. may; can B. would; might C. will; must D. could; might
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据语境准确区别情态动词may与 can 表示可能性,某种能力的用法。
【答案解析】根据句意和句子的语气可知,第一空表示一种可能性,用may not speak “可能不会说”;第二空表示有某种能力。答案A。
[例题2]-Didn’t they come to the party last week?
-Yes. They didn’t want to come with us at first, but then we ____ persuade them.
A. would B. could C. were able to D. had to
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键在于区别can 与be able to 表示“能力”的用法。
【答案解析】根据上下文语境及讲话人语气,选项动作表示经过努力才完成的。在这种语气的肯定句和疑问句中,常用be able to,在否定句中可用can。答案 C。
[例题3]-I promise her daughter ____ get a nice present on her birthday.
-Will it be a big surprise to her?
A. should B. must C. would D. shall
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要正确理解shall用作情态动词在句中的用法。
【答案解析】根据讲话人语气可以知道,选项部分表示讲话是给对方的一种承诺,故应该选情态动词shall用于第二或第三人称用作主语的句子结构中。答案D。
[例题4]-All of us had a good time in the picnic last Sunday. Pity you weren’t there.
-I really ____come but I was looking after my mother in hospital.
A. must B. ought to C. need have D. should have
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确把握“情态动词+do”与“情态动词+have done”的用法区别。
【答案解析】根据上下文和讲话人语气,选项情态动词表示“过去本该做而实际未做的事”, 故应选用should have done 或ought to have done。 must do, ought to do表示还未发生的动作。need have done常用于否定或疑问句,表示“本来不必干某事”。答案 D。
[例题5]-Did you scold him for his carelessness?
-Yes, but ____ it.
A. I would rather not do B. I’d rather not have done
C. I shouldn’t do D. I’d better not do
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要根据讲话人的语气,注意“情态动词+have done”表推测在句中的使用。
【答案解析】根据上下文语境可以知道,选项动作是对过去事情的推测,表示“过去已经责怪,而宁愿该事情没有发生”之意。故选I’d rather not have done,其它三个选项表示对将要做的事情的态度。答案B。
[例题6]Just as we were sitting down to have dinner, the telephone ____ ring.
A. must B. could C. might D. need
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确把握情态动词must的特殊意义在语境中的用法。
【答案解析】must 在此表示说话人的愿望或感到不耐烦,意思为“偏要”。句子意思为:正当我们要坐下来吃饭时,偏偏电话铃响了。其它选项无此意义,答案A。
[例题7]-Would you like to stay for another two days?
-Sorry, I ____. One of my best friends is coming to see me.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. won’t
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据上下文语境,结合四个选项情态动词的意义进行分析判断,作出选择。
【答案解析】can’t表示一种客观可能性; mustn’t表示绝对否定“一定不”;needn’t“不必”;won’t“不愿意”。根据语境及说话人语气,选项部分表示一种客观可能性。答案 B。
[例题8]-Where is Johnson? I can’t find him anywhere.
-He ____ letters upstairs.
A. might have written B. must have written
C. must be writing D. must write
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确判断情态动词表示对过去事情的推测与表示对现在事情推测的用法区别。
【答案解析】根据上下文语境可以知道,选项动作为对现在事情的推测,故应选用must be doing,而选项A、B为对过去事情的推测,选项D表示“将必须做的事情”,均不符合句子情景。答案 C。
[例题9]-Mrs Smith, I will fetch ten chairs for the meeting.
-You ____fetch ten; six will do.
A. may notB. mustn’tC. needn’t D. can’t
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据讲话人语气及四个选项情态动词的意义准确作出判断。
【答案解析】may not“不可以”,表示允许; mustn’t“一定不”,表禁止; needn’t“没必要”,表示一种建议;can’t“不能”,表示某种可能性。根据说话人语气,应选needn’t。答案C。
[例题10]You ____ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.
A. can’t B. should C. must D. needn’t
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是对can’t...too...to固定短语的理解。
【答案解析】根据句子意义:无论怎么注意你的阅读技巧都不过分。同时句中由于有了too...to结构,只有can’t 可以与它构成固定短语,有此含义。其它选项无此意。答案A。
篇6:透析中考英语语法主谓一致考点
【语法概说】
【主谓一致命题趋势与预测】
根据对主谓一致部分全国各地试题的分析可知,今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为:
1、主谓一致的语法一致原则
2、主谓一致的整体一致原则
3、主谓一致的就近一致原则
4、主谓一致的意义一致原则
5、主谓一致的附加原则
【考点诠释】
一、由or, either... or... , neither... nor... , not only...but also... , whether...or...等连接并列主语时,常采用就近原则,动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。
【考例】Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China.[临沂市]
A.will visit B. has visited C.have visited D .visited
[答案]B .[解析]本题既考查时态,又考查并列连词not only...but also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China,可判断用现在完成时,排除A、D两项;not only...but also连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词要用“就近原则。
Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [潍坊市]
A.have been;a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D.has been; both
[答案]B.[解析]考查neither...nor的用法,以及both与all的区别。neither…nor连接两个主语时,谓语用“就近原则”,cousins是复数,谓语用have been,排除C和D项;指两者用both。
二、the number of + 复数名词,主语是the number(数量),谓语动词用单数;a number of +复数名词,主语是复数名词,a number of作定语, 相当于many,谓语动词用复数。
【考例】Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004包头)
A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers
C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers
答案:A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念,因此谓语动词应用复数形式。(deer单复数相同)
The number of ________ in our class ________ fifty. (2004山东烟台)
A. student, is B. the students, are C. the students, is D. students, are
[答案]: C
[命题立意]:本题考查主谓一致的用法。
[试题解析]:the number of 后接复数名词,作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选C。
三、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
【考例】As the saying ________,“Where there is a will; there is a way. ”[昆明市]
A. go B. goes C. going D. went
[答案]B.[解析] the saying为第三人称单数形式,所以谓语动词用goes。
但what从句作主语而表语是复数时,谓语动词常用复数。
What we badly need here are experienced teachers. 我们这里急需的是有经验的教师。
四、and连接的两个单数名词作主语。
【考例】 Trees and flowers ________every year to make our country more beautiful. [陕西省]
A. is planted B. was planted C. are planted D. were planted
[答案]C.[解析] every year说明本句表示的是一般现在时的概念,去掉B、D项;trees and flowers表达复数意义,所以选C项。
五、表示时间、距离、金钱、体积或数字等的词语作主语且表示总量时,谓语动词用单数。
【考例】
---How much ________the shoes?
---Five dollars_________ enough. [年青岛市]
A.is;is B are;is C.are;are D.is;are
[答案]B .[解析] 答案为B。shoes作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式;five dollars是一个整体,应按单数对待。
How time flies! Ten years ________ passed. (2004天津)
A. have B. has C. is D. are
答案:B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
六、就近原则
--There__________ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick?
--All right, Mum. [福州市]
A. is B. are C. was D. were
[答案]A.[解析]本题考查“there be”句型中be的数及时态,be在数上要与最近的主语保持一致.句子的主语是不可数名词,所以be应使用单数形式,B、D两项可以排除。
Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China.[07临沂市]
A.will visit B. has visited C.have visited D .visited
[答案]B .[解析]本题既考查时态,又考查并列连词not only...but also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China,可判断用现在完成时,排除A、D两项;not only...but also连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词要用“就近原则。
Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [07年潍坊市]
A.have been;a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D.has been; both
[答案]B.[解析]考查neither...nor的用法,以及both与all的区别。neither…nor连接两个主语时,谓语用“就近原则”,cousins是复数,谓语用have been,排除C和D项;指两者用both。
【语法回顾】
主谓一致
1. 语法一致的原则
2. 意义一致的原则
3. 邻近一致的原则
谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
在英语中,谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致,叫做主谓一致。通常采用下列三个原则来处理,即:语法形式一致的原则、逻辑意义一致的原则、就近(或毗邻)一致的原则。
一、语法形式一致的原则,即在语法形式上取得一致。如:主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况:
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 例如:
Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years.在过去的几年中,这个地区的许多土地已经沙化。
To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage.开始吸烟很容易,但是要戒烟却需要勇气。
Reading English newspapers is a good way of improving you English. 阅读英文报纸是提高你英语水平的好方法。
What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。
How you can get there is a problem. 你怎么到那儿去还是个问题。
[注意:]由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时,主句的谓语动词用复数 。例如:
What I bought were three English books.我买的是三本英语书。
What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.我所说的和做的对你是有帮助的。
2、由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时,谓语用复数。例如:
Swimming and walking are good exercises.游泳和散步都是好运动。
He and I were classmates when we were at college.他和我在上大学时是同学。
Both John and Ann have got pen-friends.约翰和安都有笔友。
Both Zhou Lan and Yang Pei like sports.周兰和杨蓓都爱好体育。
[注意]1)但是,并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式(这时and后的名词前没有冠词)。例如:
The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting.经理兼书记没有出席会议。
The manager and the secretary are busy now.经理和书记现在都很忙。
Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.他们的老师和朋友是李先生。
2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a ,more than one修饰时,其谓语动词用单数形式。 例如:
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.在我们国家里,每个男孩和女孩都有权利受教育。
Each man and each woman is asked to help. 每个男士和妇女都被请来帮忙。
Many a student is having practice in that factory. 许多学生正在那家工厂实习。
More than one student is interested in the book.不止一个学生对这本书感兴趣。
[注意] 在“more than one+单数名词”作主语时,若在There be句型中,亦可用复数。 如:
There is/are more than one man here. 这儿不止一个人。
3、如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有(together) with, as well as, like, but, except, besides,including, no less than, rather than ,as much as,more than,along with in addition to等介词短语,其谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,则谓语动词也用复数。例如:
An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain.一位英语老师和几个学生已经爬到了山顶。
Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.玛丽和她的朋友都喜欢这幅画。
No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter.除了我的亲密朋友谁也不知道这件事。
She, like you and Tom, is very tall.像你和汤姆那样她很高。
4、不定代词each, either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 例如:
Each (of us) takes a cup of coffee.(我们)每人喝一杯咖啡。
Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health.大家都知道吸烟不利于身体健康。
Nothing is to be done 没有什么要干的事。
Everybody obeys the school rules; anybody who breaks the rules is punished.每个人必须遵守学校规则,任何人违反了规则将受到惩罚。
2)若后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。例如:
None of the sugar was left.没有剩下什么糖了。
None of us has (have) been to America.我们中没有人去过美国。
5.不定代词none 以及由”none/either/neither+of+复数合词(或代词)“构成的短语作主语时,谓语用单复数均可,这取决于说话人的意思。当说话人着眼于“每一个都不.......”或“两个中的任何一个都不.......”时,谓语动词用单数;当说话者着眼于“所有的都不.......”或“两个中的全部都不.......”时,谓语动词用复数。例如:
None know when that was. (强调所有的人) 没人知道这是什么时候的事。
None is so good as he.(强调每一个人) 没有人像他那么好。
None of them have / has a car.他们都没有小汽车。(他们没有一个人有小汽车。)
Neither of them know / knows the answer.他们两个全都不知道答案。(他们两个人谁也不知道答案。)
Neither of the article is (are ) interesting.其中没有哪篇文章有趣。
Neither of them have replied. 他们两个谁也没有答复。
Neither of them has replied. 他们两个谁也没有答复。
5、在定语从句中,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数,应与句中先行词的数一致。例如:
It sounded like a train which/that was going under my house.那声音听起来就像有一列火车从我的房子底下开过似的。
People who study the think that there will be another big one soon.研究地震的人认为不久将还有一次大的地震。
The horse which is tied to the tree belongs to John.拴在树上的那匹马是约翰的。
Those who want to go on a journey please sign your name here.要去旅游的请把名字签在这儿。
Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.被人类使用的一些能源来自太阳。
[注意]在以“one of the+复数名词”为先行词的定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;但如果“one of the+复数名词”这个结构前有the only之类的修饰语时,其从句的谓语动词用单数。 例如:
This is one of the questions that have been asked by the students.这是学生提出的许多问题的一个。
Bob is one of my friends who are helping me with English.鲍勃是帮助我英语的朋友之一。
He is the only one of the officers who was invited to the ball here. 他是办公室唯一收到邀请参加舞会的人。
The head master is the only one of the teachers who knows Esperanton.校长是老师中唯一懂得世界语的人。
6、“a lot of (lots of, plenty of, a head of, heaps of, the rest(majority) of ,some
(many,anymore,most, all等)of++名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词(短语)保持一致。例如:
Some of us do not know much about the theatre.我们中有一些人还不太懂得戏剧。
Some (of the sugar) is wet. 有些(糖)是湿的。
Most of the students in our class are league. 我们班上大多数学生是团员。
Most of the food tastes delicious. 大多数食物味道很好。
Half of the work is left unfinished.一半的工作没有完成。
Half of the apples are given to the children.一半的苹果送给孩子们。
Lots of damage was caused by smoking.许多损害是由吸烟引起的。
Plenty of English books are on the shelf.许多英语书在书架上。
注意:1)all单独作主语表示“人”时,谓语用复数;表示“整个事件或事情”时,谓语用单数。 如:
All are present. 所有的人都出席了。(表人)
All is well. 一切都好。 (表示整个事情或情况)
2)“a number of+复数名词 ”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“The number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
A large number of buildings were burnt down.许多楼房被毁了。
A number of students in our class are out by the lake.我们班有些学生到湖边去了。
The number of students in our school is 2500.我们学校的学生人数是2500名。
The number of books on women published in China is growing.在中国,有关妇女书籍出版数目在增加。
The number of wagging dances per minute told the exact distance to the feeding place.每分钟摆尾的次数表明了到喂食处的精确距离。
7、由“分数或百分数+of +名词(或代词)”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词(短语)保持一致。例如:
Two thirds of the country is dry or desert.这个国家的三分之二的地方气候干燥或者是沙漠地区。
Two thirds of the people present are against the plan.在场的三分之二的人反对这个计划。
More than 70 percent of the surface of our earth is covered by water.我们地球的70%的表面被水所覆盖。
30 percent of the students in our class are girls.我们班的30%是女生。
8、如果主语是由“a kind of, 或this/that kind of, a series ( a species) of ,a pair of等 + 名词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如:
This kind of men is dangerous.这种人是危险的。
Is this kind of car made in Shanghai ?这种汽车是上海制造的吗?
There is a kind of rose in his garden.他的花园里有玫瑰花。
This kind of apple/apples is rather expensive. 这种苹果相当贵。
That kind of snake/snakes is dangerous. 那种蛇很危险。
[注意]但”there/those kinds of+复数名词“作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。 如:
There kinds of tests are good . 这种测试很好。
Those kinds of apple trees have not yet grown up. 那种苹果树还没有长。
如果种类不是一种而是多种,谓语动词应为复数。例如 :
There are many kinds of pears.有很多种梨子。
二、逻辑意义一致原则,即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。常见的有以下几种情况:
1、表示总称意义形单意复的名词,如people, police, cattle 等作主语时,只当作复数看待,谓语在任何情况下都用复数。如:
Cattle are one cause of the problem.造成戈壁滩的原因之一是牲畜问题。
The police are searching for a murderer in that mountain.警察正在山中搜寻一名杀人犯。
2、以集体名词army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team,crew,crowd,public等集体名词作主语时,谓语应视其情况而用不同形式:当作主语被看作一个整体时,谓语用单数,如果被看成是其中的个体成员时,谓语就用复数。如:
Our class is better than any other classes at playing basketball in our school. 在打篮球方面,我们班胜过我们学校的任何一个班。
Our class are playing a basketball match tomorrow. 我们班同学明天要举行一场篮球赛。
Our family is not poor any more. 我们家已经不再贫困了。
My family all speak the Intuit language.我一家人都讲因努伊特语。
[注意]population 单独使用作主语时,谓语动词用单数;而前面有some, most 或与分数、百分数连用作主语时,则谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
Most of the population of the city are workers.这个城市人口的大多数是工人。
One third of the population now smoke.三分之一的人口在吸烟。
The population in our country is very large, and eighty percent of the population are farmers.我们国家人口众多,而80%的人口是农民。
3、当一些有两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式,如glasses, trousers(裤子), shoes ,chopsticks(筷子),goods(货物),scissors(剪刀),socks, compasses(圆规) ,但如果这些名词前有a pair of,等量词修饰时,(clothes被修饰a suit of),谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如:
Your trousers need washing. 你的裤子该洗了。
My glasses are new. 我的眼镜是新的。
A pair of compass is an instrument for drawing circles.圆规是画圆的工具。
A pair of new shoes is in your suitcase.一双新鞋在你的手提箱里。
Two pairs of socks are enough for me. 对我来说,两双袜子就足够了。
4、由“pair, piece of +名词 / 代词”作主语时,谓语动词与pair, piece等词保持一致与后的代词、名词无关。例如:
There is a pair of shoes left.只剩下一双鞋。
The pieces of stone were then carried to the new place for the temple.所有的石块被运到新建寺庙的地方。
5、当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等数词短语作主语,根据意义一致原则,通常被看作一个整体,其谓语用单数。 如:
Twenty years is a long time to us. 对于我们来说,是一段很长的时间。
One thousand pounds is a lot of money. 一千英镑是很大一笔钱。
6.某些形复意单的名词(如表示人名、地名、国名及组织、书籍、报刊等名称的专有名词和学科名词等)作主语,谓语用单数。 如:
Zhangjiajie is really a good place which is famous for its beautiful mountains.张家界的确是个好地方,它是以美丽的山而闻名的
Physics is a difficult subject to learn, I think. 我想,物理是一门难学的目。
The United States is in North America. 美国在北美洲。
News is travelling fast nowadays. 如今新闻播得很快。
The American film True Lies was directed by a world-famous director.美国影片《真实的谎言》是由一位世界著名的导演导演的。
7、如果主语由“the+形容词(分词)”担任时,往往根据意义一致原则,来决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如果表示一类人时,谓语动用复数形式;如果指个人或抽象概念时,则谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
The old is taken good care of in our country. 在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。
The sick is one of the students in our class. 那位病人是我们班的一个学生。
The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。
8、名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况,一般只指商店、公共建筑物、住宅等,作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。例如:
The baker's is on the side of the street.理发馆在街道的另一边。
My uncle's is not very far from here.我叔叔的家离这儿不太远。
9、数词作主语时,谓语用单数,但有四则运算中,谓语单、复数均可。如:
Ten is a round number. 十是个整数。
Ten times five is / are fifty. 十乘五等于五十。
Three hundred and forty plus six hundred and sixty is / are one thousand.340 加660等于1000。
10.疑问代词who, what, which作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于它产本身的含义。如:
Who teaches you English? 谁教你们英语?
Who have gone there? 谁都已经去那儿了?
Which is your room? 哪一间是你的房子?
Which are your rooms? 哪几间是你的房子?
11、表示数量的短语“one and a half+名词复数”及“a+单数名词+and+a half”作主语时,谓语用单数。如:
One and a half oranges has been left on the table. 桌子上只剩下一个半桔了。
A month and a half has passed. 一个半月时间过去了。
12.某些单数同形的名词作主语时,依照意义一致的原则,表示单数意义时,谓语动词用单数;反之谓语动词则用复数形式。这类名词有:sheep,deer, fish,means(方法、手段)species (种类) -ance及以-ese/-ss结尾的表示民族的名词等)。例如:
One day this white sheep was lost. 有一天,这只白色的绵羊丢了。
There are many fish in the Jia Ling River. 嘉陵江时有很多鱼。
A Japanese is coming to visit our school tomorrow.明天有个日本人要来参观我们学校。
We Chinese are realizing the four modernizations. 我们中国人正在实现四个现代化。
三、就近一致原则,即谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定,又称为毗邻一致原则。例如:
1、当or,either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also...,not...but....,whether...or...等连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于最靠近于它的名词或代词。例如:
Either you or Lily is to do the cleaning after supper. 不是该你,就是该莉莉在晚饭后打扫卫生。
Not only the mother but also the children were there.不但母亲在那里,而且孩子们也在那里。
2、在倒装句中如一个句子由there 或here引起,而主语又不止一个,谓语动词往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。例如:
Where is your mother and younger sisters? 你的母亲和妹妹们在哪儿?
There is a desk a table and three chairs in the room. 房间里有一张书桌,一张桌子和三把椅子.
【语法过关】
1.How time flies! Ten years ________ passed.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
2.Not only his parents but also his brother ________ to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back.
A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone
3.Neither my father ________ going to see the patient.
A. nor I am B. nor I are C. or me are D. or me is
4.Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004包头)
A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers
5.The number of ________ in our class ________ fifty.
A. student, is B. the students, are C. the students, is D. students, are
6.The number of the students in our class _____ 54.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
7.Not only I but also Jane and Mary________ tired of having one examination after another.
A.is B.are C.am D.be
8.A library with five thousand books ____to the nation as a gift.
A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered
9.When and where to build the new factory _________yet.
A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided
10.The number of people invited __fifty, but a number of them ______absent for different reasons.
A.were,was B.was, was C.was,were D.were.were
11.Between the two buildings __________a monument.
A.is standing B.standing C.stands D.stand
12.Many a student ___that mistake before.
A.had made B.has been made C.have made D. has made
13.None of the money ____his.
A.is B.are C.belongs D.were
14.About three-fifths of the work ________done yesterday.
A.had B.was C.were D.have
15. Neither your sister nor mine _______the good news.Let's tell them.
A.know B knows C.knew
【参考答案】
1.B.[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
2.D.[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由not only…but also连接两个并列主语,其谓语动词同相邻的
主语保持一致,谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来,所以用has gone而不用has been。
3.A.[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Neither…nor是一组连词,可连接连个并列主语,其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致, 因此应选A。
4.A.[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念,因此谓语动词应用复数形式。(deer单复数相同)
5.C.[解析]本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词,作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选C。
6.A.[解析]本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词,作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选A。7.B。“不仅是我而且简和玛莉都已厌烦了一个接着一个的考试。”not only…需用到就近原则,but also之后又是两个人,是复数。故选B。
8.A.[解析] “一座藏书量是5000册的图书馆作为礼物送给了那个国家。”要找出这句话的主说是a library还是books,根据主谓一致原则with后面的短语是修饰、补充主语的情况的,故主语应是a library,又因为此题是被动语态,因此选择A。
9.A.[解析] “还未决定何时何地建设新工厂。”“两个并列连词+主语+谓语”作主语看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数,根据题意又应用被动语态,故选A。
10.C.[解析] “邀请人的数目是50人,但是许多人由于各种原因都缺席了。”“the number of+复数名词”意为“……的数量”,作主语,谓语动词用单数;“a number of+复数名词”意为“许多”,作主语,谓语动词用复数。
11.C.[解析] “一座纪念碑耸立在两楼之间。”倒装句的谓语动词要与后面的主语保持一致。
12.D.[解析] “许多学生以前就犯过这种错误。”“many a”虽然表达复数概念,意为“许多”,但当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
13.A.[解析] “钱都不属于他。”none作主语,谓语动词单复数都可,但这里的money为不可数名词,因此用单数形式为好,而belong to才是“属于”的意思,所以选A。
14.B.[解析] “昨天做了大约3/5的工作。”主语含有分数,百分比等等,谓语动词要根据其后面的名词而定,是不可数名词和单数可数名词,谓语动词用单数,是复数名词,谓语动词用复数。
15.B.[解析]句中的主语是your sister和mine,由并列连词neither…nor连在一起,所以谓语动词要与后一个主语mine相一致,这里mine指my sister。
篇7:语法和词汇考点详解----名词与冠词
【命题依据】名词是中学英语的主要词汇之一,也是历年高考的重要考点。综合近几年高考对名词的考查,单项填空题中,每年都出现1-2道题。常考点主要为:名词的可数与不可数;抽象名词具体化;名词的普通格、所有格以及双重所有格作定语;名词固定习语等。冠词主要考查其基本用法,包括定冠词与不定冠词的用法区别;名词前不用冠词的情况;特指与泛指以及习语中冠词的用法等。冠词的考查主要分布在单项填空,每年都出现一道题, 而且都设两空,以增加覆盖面和难度。
[例题1]-Do you think an advertisement is ____ help when you look for a new job?
-Well, it all depends. Anyway, it gives me more of ____ chance to try.
A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. / ; /
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是准确把握句中名词的可数与不可数,泛指与特指之间的关系。
【答案解析】根据上下文语境可以知道,句中两个名词help 和chance 都用作可数名词,表示泛指。第一空help 代指an advertisement ,第二空more of a chance ”多一次机会“。答案A。
[例题2]-What has happened here?
-There was ____ accident here about an hour ago. ____ car hit a tree and ____ driver was killed.
A. the; A;the B. an;A; the C. an; The; a D. the; The; a
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确推断句中两个可数名词的特指与泛指。
【答案解析】分析答句句意可知,第一、二空均为泛指,没有特指 ”哪个事故或哪一辆车“之意,第三空则特指”该车的司机“。答案B。
[例题3]Nowadays, ____ mobile phone is _____ means of communication.
A. the; a B. the; the C. a; the D. a; /
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要理解”发明创造“的物质名词前冠词的使用,以及means意为”方式、方法、手段“时单复数的判断。
【答案解析】第一空mobile phone”移动电话“为发明物,前面常用定冠词the;第二空名词 means单复数相同,在此为泛指”一种流行的通讯方式“。答案A。
[例题4] -Has the little boy passed ____ PE test?
-He has tried twice, and the teacher will allow him to have ____ third try.
A. the; the B. a; the C. a; a D. the; a
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要掌握双方熟悉了解的名词表特指,序数词表示”又、再“时表泛指的用法。
【答案解析】根据语境可以知道,第一空为讲话人双方都知道的事,故应用定冠词the限制;第二空序数词third并非表示”第三“,而是”又、再“,故应该使用不定冠词。答案D。
[例题5]Who do you think will take ____ office next month and become ____ president of that country?
A. the; a B. a; / C. the; the D. /; /
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确把握固定短语中名词前冠词的使用及表示独一无二的名词或表示职务的名词前冠词的用法。
【答案解析】第一空take office为固定短语,意思为”上台,当权、执政“,名词 office前不用任何冠词;第二空 president 表示独一无二职务的名词,用作表语、补足语、宾语、同位语,在此用作表语,前面不用冠词。答案D。
[例题6] The party was ____ success. We sang and danced until it came to ____ end at midnight.
A. a; an B. a; the C. the; an D. /; an
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要把握抽象名词与抽象名词具体化代指某一个人或事物时,前面冠词的用法以及一些固定短语中冠词的使用。
【答案解析】第一空抽象名词success在此具体化,代指 the party,意思为”一次成功的晚会“。 故应该用不定冠词a限定;第二空come to an end为固定短语,意思为”结束“。答案A。
[例题7]It’s clear that ____ little money he earns can hardly support____ family as large as his.
A. the; a B. a; the C. /; the D. /; a
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意辨别不可数名词前冠词的使用,以及可数名词表泛指或特指时冠词的用法区别。
【答案解析】第一空由于不可数名词money 后有一个定语从句he earns限定,故为特指,应用定冠词the限定;第二空 family 为可数名词,根据句子意思推断可以知道为泛指,”养活像他家那样的一个大家庭“,故用不定冠词。答案A。
[例题8]Of all the subjects, I like ____ history best because it gives us____ useful knowledge of things in the past.
A. the; a B. /; a C. a; the D. a; /
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意学科名词以及抽象名词knowledge前冠词的使用。
【答案解析】第一空history 为学科名词,前通常不用冠词;第二空knowledge为抽象名词,一般不用冠词限制,但当其带有修饰语时,意思为”某种,(一种)……的知识“要用不定冠词a。答案 B。
[例题9]According to recent reports, one of the rare animals, ____ crocodile, is in ____ danger of dying out.
A. /; / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是准确把握表示类别的可数名词前冠词的用法以及一些介词短语中名词前冠词的使用。
【答案解析】第一空crocodile为表示类别的可数名词单数形式,其前面常用定冠词 the 限定;第二空in danger of...为固定短语,名词 danger 前不用任何冠词。答案C。
[例题10]It’s bad ____ for a man to smoke in the public places where smoking is not allowed.
A. behavior B. action C. manner D. movement
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确理解四个选项名词的词义,并根据句子的意思判断,作出正确选择。
【答案解析】behavior意思为”举止,行为“;action ”动作“;manner”方式“; movement ”运动,行动“。答案A。
[例题11]Before the final examination, many students have shown ____ of tension. Some have trouble in sleeping while others have lost their appetite.
A. anxiety B. marks C. signs D. remarks
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要在理解题干意义的基础上,准确辨别四个选项名词的意义,根据句子需要进行判断选择。
【答案解析】anxiety与 tension 同义,意思为”紧张“;mark”记号,痕迹“; sign”迹象,现象,标记“; remark”评论“。根据句意,应为show signs of tension”表现出紧张的样子“。答案C。
[例题12]-It’s getting dark earlier than before, isn’t it?
-Yes. I think so. I see ____ is on already.
A. the street’s light B. the light of the street
C. the streets’ light D. the street light
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是准确把握表示”材料、功能、用途等“的名词作定语的用法。
【答案解析】分析选项可以知道,”路灯“是由表示”作用、用途“的名词street 用作限定词修饰light,应直接用作定语。该类名词用作定语不需’s或of构成短语。又如 coffee cup(咖啡杯)evening school(夜校), toothbrush(牙刷)。答案 D。
[例题13]-Yangyang carried off the first winter Olympic _____ medal for China.
-Great! What ____ she won for our motherland!
A. golden; honour B. gold; honor C. golden; honors D. gold; honors
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意gold 与golden 用作定语的意义区别以及honor 表示可数与不可数意义的用法。
【答案解析】根据句意可以知道,第一空”金牌“意思为”含金之物“,应用gold作定语,而golden 为比喻性形容词,意思为”金色的“。例如golden rice”金黄色的稻子“;第二空 honor 在此意思为”荣誉,光荣“,是不可数名词。答案B。
[例题14]-May I take your order now?
-We’d like three black ____ and...
A. coffees B. coffee C. cups of coffees D. cup of coffees
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意一些表示”饮料“的物质名词与数词连用时的用法。
【答案解析】coffee为不可数名词,与数词连用时,常与其它名词构成of短语。如 three cups of coffee(三杯咖啡),但有时也可以用复数形式来与数词连用代替单位名词。如two white coffees(两杯清咖啡);three teas (三杯茶)等。该题选项C、D为短语结构错误。答案 A。
[例题15]-Where is your brother?
-At____.
A. the Greens B. Mr. Green C. the Mr. Green D. the Green’s
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要把握”处所“的省略形式表达法。
【答案解析】根据问句可以知道,询问”处所“,回答应为”在格林的家里“,应表达为 at Mr green’s,是at Mr Green’s house的省略形式。选项A意为”格林一家人或夫妇俩“,选项 C、D为错误表达。答案 B。
篇8:语法和词汇考点详解----非谓语动词
【命题依据】 非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词等几种形式。它是中学英语语法中的重点和难点,也是历年高考题中的必考项目。单项填空题中平均每年有1-3题涉及该部分内容,常考考点主要为:动名词和不定式作宾语或宾语补足语的用法比较;现在分词和过去分词作定语和状语的用法比较;现在分词和过去分词的用法比较以及非谓语动词在特定语境中的考查。该项内容能考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构、分析句子的逻辑主语的能力。
[例题1]_____ as the ”first lady of speech“, Dr, Lillian Glass is recognized as one of the world’s leading experts on communication skills.
A. KnowingB. Having known C. Known D. To be known
【解题关键】解答该题的关键在于根据句意,准确判断选项动词在句中所作成分。
【答案解析】该题考查过去分词在句中用作原因状语。根据句意及句子结构可知,句子的主语Dr, Lillian Glass实际上就是选项动词的主语,相当于As he is known as ...引导的原因状语从句,为被动结构,故选过去分词known。答案为C。
[例题2]-Why do you look sad?
-There are so many problems _____.
A. remaining to settle B. remained settling
C. remaining to be settled D. remained to be settled
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键在于要准确把握There be句子结构及系动词remain的用法。
【答案解析】remain 在There be 结构中用作后置定语,由于remain是不及物动词,故应用现在分词remaining,相当于定语从句that remains;动词settle置于remain之后,应用动词不定式的被动结构来表示动作还未完成。答案为C。
[例题3]At the end of 2004, there were around 6,000 foreign printing companies in China, _____ up around 4 percent of national total.
A. made B. to make C. making D. having made
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要理解选项动词与前面分句结构关系,并准确把握其主动与被动的意义以及动作的一般性和完成性。
【答案解析】该句考查分词在句中用作结果状语。make up为及物动词短语,在前一分句动作之后发生,根据句意,表示主动,故应选making用作结果状语,相当于并列句and it made 或定语从句which made 句型结构。答案为C。
[例题4]-The English exam is not difficult, is it?
-_____. Even Tom _____ to the top students failed in it.
A. Yes; belongs B. No; belonged C. Yes; belonging D. No; belonging
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要根据上下文情景正确判断”前否后肯“反意问句的回答以及对句子结构的准确理解。
【答案解析】根据答句句意”甚至最好的学生汤姆考试也失败了“可知,第一空应选Yes,(it is)意为”不,英语考试难“;第二空选项动词belong与to构成不及物动词短语,在句中用作定语,故应选现在分词belonging,相当于定语从句who belongs to ...,注意句子的主谓结构为Even Tom failed in it。答案为C。
[例题5]-We didn’t find the Blacks _____ the lecture.
-No one had told him about ____ a lecture the following day.
A. to attend; there to be B. attending; there being
C. attended;there beD. attend; there was
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键在于准确把握”感觉动词\"的复合结构的运用以及介词后There be结构的使用。
【答案解析】第一空动词attend为及物动词,表主动,根据感觉动词find所跟复合结构,不可使用to attend,过去分词attended表被动,意义也不成立,可选用attending或attend,但根据句意,此处强调状态,故attending现在分词为最佳选项;第二空介词about 后应使用动名词形式there being。答案B。
[例题6]Only____ according to the directions can the medicine be quite effective.
A. taking B. taken
C. being taken D. having been taken
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键在于正确区分分词的用法。
【答案解析】根据句意可知,选项动词的逻辑主语the medicine与动词take之间为被动关系,实际上相当于一个时间状语从句only when it is taken...结构,故应选taken在句中用作状语。答案B。
[例题7] The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if____ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B. having seen C. to see D. to have seen
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是准确把握连接词as if后非谓语动词的选用。
【答案解析】当as if后面直接跟一个动词时,常使用不定式to do来表示目的,相当于as if he were (was) to do sth说明动作的未完成性。答案为C。
[例题8]-Is there any possibility of the film____ in Paris International Festival?
-Not in the least, because audience generally think little of it.
A. trying out B. tried out C. to try out D. being tried out
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要正确理解介词后动名词的主动式与被动式的选用以及动名词与其逻辑主语之间的关系。
【答案解析】选项动词短语在句中用作介词of的宾语,应使用动名词形式,根据句意可知,介词of 后的名词the film为动名词短语try out的逻辑主语,且为被动关系,故应选用动名词的被动结构。答案D。
[例题9]-Hi, Mary. Would you like to go to the concert this evening?
-Sorry, Tom. ____ tomorrow’s lessons, I have no time to go out with you.
A. Not preparing B. Not having prepared
C. Not to prepareD. Being not prepared
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确区分非谓语动词作状语的意义及用法,以及否定副词not的位置。
【答案解析】根据句意可知,选项动词为原因状语,表主动,强调动作的完成性,相当于一个原因状语从句:As I haven’t prepared tomorrow’s lessons...故应选B(Not having prepared);选项A为现在分词,不表示完成的意思;选项C为不定式的否定结构表目的;选项D为被动结构,not应置于分词being前面,均不符句意。答案B。
[例题10]Every student&n
★ 一致的反义词
★ 英文歌语法
★ 语文语法
语法和词汇考点详解----主谓一致(整理8篇)




