【导语】“眼泪”通过精心收集,向本站投稿了7篇初中英语语法主谓语法一致原则,下面就是小编给大家整理后的初中英语语法主谓语法一致原则,希望您能喜欢!
- 目录
篇1:初中英语语法主谓语法一致原则
初中英语语法主谓语法一致原则
谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致的原则
(1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:
He goes to school early every morning.
The children are playing outside.
To work hard is necessary for a student.
(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:
Both he and I are right.
Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:
His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
The poet and writer has come.
(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
Each man and each woman is asked to help.
(4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如:
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
Nobody but two boys was late for class.
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
(5) 一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:
A lot of people are dancing outside.
The police are looking for lost boy.
(6)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如:
Is everybody ready?
Somebody is using the phone.
(7)有两部分构成的'物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:
Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.
Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.
如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
对于上述老师为同学们带来的这些,同学们都懂了吗?如果还有不懂的可以参考例句多多学习!
篇2:初中生英语语法之主谓语法一致的原则
初中生英语语法之主谓语法一致的原则
对于英语中主谓语法一致的原则的语法知识讲解,希望下面的知识给同学们的学习提供很好的帮助。
主谓语法一致的原则
谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致的`原则
(1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:
He goes to school early every morning.
The children are playing outside.
To work hard is necessary for a student.
(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:
Both he and I are right.
Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:
His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
The poet and writer has come.
(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
Each man and each woman is asked to help.
(4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如:
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
Nobody but two boys was late for class.
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
(5) 一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:
A lot of people are dancing outside.
The police are looking for lost boy.
(6)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如:
Is everybody ready?
Somebody is using the phone.
(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:
Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.
Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.
如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
上面对英语中主谓语法一致的原则语法知识的讲解学习,同学们都能很好的掌握了吧,希望同学们会从中学习的更好哦。
篇3:英语语法原则主谓一致三原则
主谓一致三原则
1. 形式一致的原则
一般说来,当作主语的名词或代词是第三人称单数时,谓语动词就用单数形式;当作主语的名词或代词是复数时,谓语动词就复数形式:
如:
(1) He likes skating in winter.
他喜欢冬天滑冰。
(2) Alice reads much.
艾利斯看了很多书。
(3) They don’t live here.
他们不住这里。
2. 意义一致的原则
英语中,有些名词或代词形式上是单数,而意义上可能是复数,这时,谓语动词的形式就须依据名词或代词的意义决定。
如:
(1) People there were very glad to see our team win the match.
在那里的人们看到我们队赢了比赛时都非常高兴。
(2) His family were watching TV when I got to his home.
我到他家时,他家的人在看电视。
(3) Our class are working hard to make ours a good class.
我们班的同学都在努力工作以便是我们班成为优秀班。
3. 邻近一致的原则
英语中,有时几个名词或代词有某些此连接起来一起作句子的主语,此时,谓语动词的形式就须有与之最接近的名词或代词的人称和数决定。
如:
(1) There is a desk and five chairs in his room.
他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。
(2) There are five chairs and a desk in his room.
他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。
(3) Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there.
要么是你要么是李蕾将被派到那里去。
(4) Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there.
是你将被派到那里去还是李蕾将被派到那里去?
英语基本句型归纳
基本句型 一:S V (主+谓)
主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S │ V (不及物动词)
1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares? 管它呢?
6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。
基本句型 二: S V P (主+系+表)
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻
S │V(是系动词)│ P
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。
3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。
4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。
5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。
8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。
There be 结构: There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。 此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’ 。
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。
基本句型 三: S V O (主+谓+宾)
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等
S │V(及物动词)│ O
1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案?
2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。
3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。
4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。
5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
6. He │said │“Good morning.” 他说:“早上好!”
7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。
基本句型 四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea,please.
强调间接宾语顺序为:动词 + 直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如:Show this house to Mr.Smith.
若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如:Bring it to me,please.
S │V(及物)│ o(多指人) │ O(多指物)
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。
2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。
3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。
4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。
5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片
6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。
7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。
8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。
篇4:初中英语语法 主谓一致
初中英语语法 主谓一致
一、主谓一致:主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语 法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用 复数形式。
例如:Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2. 意义一致原则:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。 例如: My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书 20 美元太贵了。
3. 就近一致原则:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。
例如: Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且 他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、 主谓一致常考题型:
1. 单数名词(代词),不可数名词做主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词(代词)做主语, 谓语用复数形式。
2. many a+单数名词做主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。 例如: Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
3. more than one+单数名词做主语,谓语用单数。
例如: More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
4. 表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语做主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。
例如: Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0 英镑并不太重。
Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0 英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five minus four is one. 5 减 4 等于 1。
5. 主语是 each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。
例如: Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。
6. one and a half+复数名词做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如: One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。
7. 动词不定式,动名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:To see is to believe 眼见为实。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
8. a/an+单数名词+or two 做主语,谓语动词用单数。
例如:A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。
9. 当主语部分含有 with,together with,along with,as well as,besides,except,but,like 等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如: Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
10. 由 and 连接的两个单数名词做主语时,一般用复数形式,但 and 所连接的并列主语是同一个人、事物或概念时,谓语动词用单数。
这两种情况区分如下: a/the+单数名词+and+ 单数名词,指的是同一个人或物; a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。
例如:The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
11. people, police 等集体名词做主语,谓语动词用复数形式,family, class, group, team 等集体名词做主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。
例如:People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。
His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。
My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing 做主语,谓语动词用单数,
例如:Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗?
Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。
Nobody was in. 没有人在家。
13. each, either, neither, another, the other 做主语,谓语动词用单数。
例如:Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。
14. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如 news, maths, physics 等,
例如: No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
No Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
15. 由 both„and„ 连接两个单数名词做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式; 由 or, either„or„,neither„nor„,not only„but also„,not„but„,连接两个名词或代词做主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。
例如: Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.
Not only you but also he is ready to leave.
如果either, each, neither作主语,则动词为单数形式。
初中英语选择题技巧
1、结合语境
结合近几年全国各省市中考英语试题来看,单选题的命题方向越来越注重语境的考查。这类题的特点是,所给的四个选项填入空里,都没有语法错误,所以,同学们只有通过具体的语境分析,才能选择正确答案。
2、情景交际
英语是一门语言学习的学科,学习的目的在于英语。由此,情景交际也就很自然的成为单项选择题的热点。现在的中考单选题“语境与情景”是命题者命题的主要指导思想。所以,同学们在解答这类题的时候一定要在具体的情景下使用正确合适的应答。
3、习惯搭配
单选题经常会考查一些固定短语、固定结构和习惯用法等。对于这类题,就需要同学们在平时的学习中注意积累这方面的知识点,遇到这类题,在理解句子意思的基础上,根据习惯搭配就可以直接选择答案。习惯搭配是解答单选题的捷径。
4、找关键词
有的单选题,在题干中会有一些有利于我们解题的关键词,抓住这些关键词会使我们的问题迎刃而解。这些关键词是我们解题的突破口。
5、分析近义词
在英语的选择题中,会有很多近义词辨析这样的题。这对于同学们来说是很容易丢分的题。做这类题,需要大家学会区别它们的用法,学会分析。:
6、生活常识
有的时候在单选题中会出现一些关于政治、历史、地理、风俗习惯、科技等一些常识的考题。在解这类题的时候,我们就需要借助生活经验以及相关的学科知识来进行推理。
本次整理就到这里啦,祝大家在考试中能金榜题名!
篇5:英语语法18种名词做主语主谓一致原则
英语语法是英语知识中十分重要的环节,希望以下文章对您有所帮助!
英语语法一
专有名词是指某个人、某种物、某件事、某个地点所专属的名称,如具人、地、物、地点、机构、节日、月份、国家或地区等的名称。专有名词首字母大写,通常情况在句子中前面没有限定词。比如My name is James.这里James是我的名字,是一个专有名词。但也有例外,如the People's Republic of China (中国)前面就有定冠词the,专有名词一般都是单数形式。更多关于专有名词的解释详见专有名词解释。
本文将主要介绍专有名词中的人名相关知识,如前面例句中James就是人名。先来看一段小学生学习的英文片断:
Three days before her birthday party,Sally writes down the names of her friends.They are all coming to her party.
Jill
Kim
David
Lisa
Tom
Mat
Wendy
For a person's name,you use a special type of noun.It is called a proper noun.
如果有一定英语基础这一段英文应该能看懂其意思,没有英文基础的朋友用翻译软件翻译一下。片段中的Sally,Jill,Kim,David,Lisa,Tom,Mat,Wendy都是英文名,在文中人名第一个字母要大写,指的是已知的特定某人,前面没有定冠词。
但是在某些时候人名前会有不定冠词或定冠词,这时专有名词就变成了普通名词。
1、人名是专有名词通常前面不用冠词。
a.表示人名的专有名词,包括那些前面带有尊称或头衔的专用名词,前面一般不用冠词。如:
John is from London. 约翰是伦敦人。
Mr.Collins was excellent in his perfromance. 柯林斯先生的表演很精彩。
Professor Stamp was born in 1898,and educated at King's College,London. 斯坦普教授生于18,在伦敦皇家学院受的教育。
b.艺术家的名字前如用不用冠词,可以指其人的全部作品。如:
Bach gives me a lot of pleasure. 巴赫(的音乐作品)给了我很大享受。
He likes Keats.他喜欢济慈的诗歌。
2、姓氏(姓名)前用不定冠词a/an的用法:
a.加在姓氏前表示“某个叫...的人;某位姓...的人”(说话人只知道姓氏,不知道名字或者说话人内心有所指,但又不十分明确,或说话人有意隐瞒)。如:
A Miss Johnson called you yesterday. 有一位约翰逊小姐昨天打电话给你。
There wasn't a single Jones in the village. 村子里连一个叫琼斯的人也没有。
A Tom Smith is waiting for you downstairs. 一个叫汤姆.史密斯的人正在楼下等你。
b.借喻,表示“和...相似的人”。如:
He is a Lei Feng of today.他是当代的雷锋。
We need a Washington today.今天我们需要华盛顿那样的人物。
He wants to be an Einstein in the future. 他想将来成为爱因斯坦式的人物。
c.加在作家、画家等姓名前表示“一件...的作品;一幅...的画像(或雕塑等)”。如:
There's a Rembrandt in her collection. 他收藏品中有一幅伦勃朗的画。
I have read a new Wells recently. 最近我读了威尔斯的一部新作。
Have you got a complete Shakespeare(=a set of Shakespeare's complete works)?你手头有莎士比亚全集吗?
Experts think the painting may be a Picasso. 专家们认为这幅画可能出自毕加索的手笔。
d.加在姓氏前,表示“某家族(或家庭)”中的一个成员。如:
Is that a Wilson over there?那边那个人是威尔逊家的人码?
His wife is a Stuart(=a member of Stuart family).他的妻子是斯图亚特家的人。
e.加在姓氏前表示“某人的发明或设计”。如:
He bought a Underwood last year. 去年他买了一台安伍德牌打印机。
f.人名前还可以加“a(n)+adj.”表示特别的意思。如:
We were met at the door by a smiling Mary,not by an angry Mary.在门口迎接我们的是微笑的玛丽,而不是生气的玛丽。
A sad-faced Charles came in the meeting room. 满脸愁容的查尔斯走进会议室。
3、定冠词the+人名的用法
a、通常情况下,已经转化为类名词的人名大都能与the连用。如:
Lu Xun was the Gorky of China. 鲁迅是中国的高尔基。
Guan Hanqing is considered to be the Shakespeare of China.关汉卿被认为是中国的莎士比亚。
b、“the+adj.+人名”可以强调某人暂时的特征或状态。人名前面或后面加定语把某人与其它同名的人区别开来时也要用the.如:
The frightened Jack returned home for two guns.惊恐万分的杰克回家取了两支。
The William I know was a hunter. 我认识的威廉是个猎人。
c、“the+复数姓氏”可以表示某姓的一家人或夫妻俩、兄弟俩、姐妹俩等。如:
The Bakers will leave for New York tomrrow. 贝克一家人明天要去纽约。
It took the Loisels ten years to pay off their debts. 卢瓦泽尔夫妇用了十年才还清了债务。
d.表示所指之人是听、说双方都作同一理解的那个知名人士时该人名前要用the.如:
--She is a distant relative of Henry Ford.她是亨利.福特的一个远房亲戚。
--Is she,indeed?The Henry Ford?真的吗?你是指那个有名的亨利.福特?
--Yes,the Henry Ford.是的,就是那个众所周知的亨利.福特。
英语语法二
population 英 [ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn] 美 [ˌpɑ:pjuˈleɪʃn]
population的基本意思是“人口”,是个集合名词。(集合名词有些只表示复数意义,<如people,例句:People are not interested in such things.人们对那样的事不感兴趣。这里People是复数,所以用谓语用are>;有些只表示单数意义,<如furniture(家具),例句:Some furniture is made of bamboo. 有些家具是竹制的。这里furniture是单数,所以谓语用is>;有些集合名词根据情况来确是是单数意义还是复数意义,<如family,例句:His family isn’t very large. 他家成员不多。His family are music lovers. 他家个个都是音乐爱好者。>)。population在不同用法中可以是单数意义也可能是复数意义。
下面详细谈一下population的用法
1、population常与定冠词the连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。例如:
The world's population is increasing faster and faster.
全世界的人口增长得越来越快。
At the beginning of the twentieth century, the world's population was about 1,700 million.
在二十世纪初,全世界的人口大约是十七亿。
2、当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers.
中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农民。
3、有时population可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词。例如:
China has a population of about 1.3 billion. (=There is a population of about 1.3 billion in China.)
中国大约有十三亿人口。
New York is a big city with a population of over 10 million.
纽约是一个有一千多万人口的大城市。
在表示多个地区的人口时,population要用复数形式populations。例如:
Many parts of the world, which once had large populations and produced plenty of crops, have become deserts.
世界上很多地区一度人口众多,种植大量的农作物;现在,这些地区已经变成了沙漠。
4、表示人口的“多”或“少”,不用“much”或“little”,而要用“large”或“small”。例如:
India has a large population. 印度人口众多。
Singapore has a small population. 新加坡人口少。
5、询问某国、某地有多少人口时,不用“How much...?”,而用“How large...?”;在问具体人口时用“What...?”。例如:
How large is the population of your hometown? 你们家乡有多少人口?
The population of our hometown is nearly twice as large as that of yours.
我们家乡的人口是你们家乡人口的将近两倍。
What is the population of Canada? 加拿大的人口有多少?
The population of Canada is about 29 million. 加拿大的人口大约有二千九百万。
6、population还表示“某地、某类的动、植物或物品的总数”。例如:
In India, however, the population of tigers has increased, from 2,000 in 1972 to about 5,000 in .
然而在印度,老虎的总数已从1972年的2,000只增长到了年的大约5,000只。
英语语法三
一、如果主语是不可数名词,动名词,不定式或从句的时候,谓语动词用单数.
Smoking is not a good habit.
To live happily needs a lot of things.
What I said is true.
二、如果由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候,用单数动词.
The singer and songwriter is dead.
The science and technology plays an important part in China.
Bread and butter(=buttered bread) is a good food for patients.
“War and Peace” is the best book I have ever read.
如果由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a/an, no的时候用单数名词.
Every boy and girl in the class works very hard.
Each minute and second is valuable to us.
三、主语是单数, 后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to 的时候, 谓语动词用单数.
Jack with his family wants to go to China.
He, as well as you, is very honest.
No one but I is a student.
Her brother, together with his wife and children, was killed in the accident.
The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible.
四、由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词(sb,sth---)和each, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, a little, much, no one, nothing做主语的时候,谓语动词用单数.
Each of you is cleverer than me.
Neither student has passed the exam.
Is anybody here?
五、both, few, a few, several, many以及others做主语的时候,
永远用复数动词.
Several friends were invited to the party.
Both books are sold out.
六、all, none, any, some, more和most要是修饰单数名词,谓语动词用单数; 若是修饰复数名词,就用复数动词.
Most of the apple is bad.
Most of the apples are bad.
None of this money is yours.
None of the people here are teachers.
七、由or连接的两个以上主语时,动词和最接近的主语一致.
You or he is wrong.
Are you or he wrong?
由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接的两个以上主语时,动词和最近的主语一致.
Either he or you have to tell the truth.
Neither my brother nor his friends are over 18 years old.
Not only the basketball players but also the coach was very nervous.
八、若主语的复数名词表示的是”一段时间”, “一笔钱”, “一段距离”, “一个数量”, “一个面积”的时候用单数谓语动词.
Two weeks is to enough for me to finish it.
Five thousand dollars is too much.
Ten kilometers is too long for me to run.
九、people(人民), police, cattle(牛群)等常用复数动词. 有一些集体名词,如果表示的是整体就用单数动词, 如果表示的是其中的个体就用复数谓语动词.这样的词常见的有family, class, audience, public, team等等.
His family are all singers.
His family is very large.
十、关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,谓语动词与先行词一致。
Those who want to go please sign their names here.
十一、一些名词只有复数形式,如clothes, scissors, trousers, shorts, scales 等, 作主语时谓语用复数形式
The scales 天平are mine.
但是成双的东西前面有a pair of 要用单数。
This pair of scissors belongs to the tailor.
十二、如果主语由“a kind of ( a series of ) 构成, 谓语一般用单数形式。
This kind of men is dangerous.
如果是多种,谓语动词要用复数。
There are many kinds of apples.
十三、算术式通常用单数。
十四、ics结尾的学科用单数谓语动词。
十五、书名,剧名,报纸名,国名的复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
The united states is a capitalist country.
“ The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.
十六、“the+形容词(分词)“ 指人谓语动词用复数形式。指抽象谓语动词
用单数。
The English speak English.
The new always beats the old.
十七、who, what, which, all,more, most some, any, none,
half, the rest, the remainder 等作主语要看各自的情况。
十八、one and a half 加复数名词作主语谓语动词用单数。
One and a half bananas is left on the table.
篇6:2015中考英语语法总复习讲义十三:主谓一致(语法,就近,意义一致三原则)(中考复习英语)
一.就近原则
1. 由并列结构或连词(either…or, neither…nor,not…but, not only…but also, or等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与较近的那个名词或代词保持一致。 Neither his parents nor Tom_____(be) at home.
2. 在倒装句和there be句型中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
There _____(be) a book and some pens on the desk. /There ______(come) the bus.
3. 在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。
I know the man who_____(be) talking to my father.
4. 在强调句中,连接代词又在句中作主语,这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
It is Mary’s brother who_____(be) injured in the car accident yesterday.
二.意义一致原则
1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with,with,as well as,together with, besides,except, but, including等短语时 ,谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。
I along with my sister_____(be) going to Shanghai next month.
2. 由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
What I want to say _____(be) just “ Take care!”.
3. “…+ (of) +名词”作主语时,若“of”后的名词为单数(不可数名词),则谓语动词用单数,如果名词为复数,则谓语动词用复数。Most of the water here ______(be) clean.
80% cotton ______have) been sent to America.80%/ Half of the apples ______(be) red.
6. 词组“a number of”作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;“the number of”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。A number of ancient buildings __ (be) destroyed in the war./The number of the visitors__ (have) decreased this year.
7. 英语的集体名词(family, public, group, team, class等词),指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。My family ____(be) very poor when I was a little girl /
My family ______(be) all looking forward for your coming.
三.整体原则
1. 从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词用单数。
When to leave _____(be) not been decided./Watching TV too much _____(be) bad for your eyes.
注:如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句,谓语动词常用复数。
What he said and what he did _____(be) always different last night .
2. 如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时,谓语动词须用单数。
The novelist and poet __going to Europe next year./The novelist and the poet__(be) going to Europe next year.
3. 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数。
10 minutes is enough.
4.加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。2 and 3 ______5.
5.“the +姓氏名词的复数”表示“一家人、….夫妇”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The Blacks ______(enjoy) working in China.
四.个体原则
1. every +….and every +…..或each+…and each +…作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Every man and every woman _____(be) busy at working.
2. 英语句中的each, either, neither等词,作代词充当主语,修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Neither of us _____(have) been abroad. Neither answer _____(be) wrong .
3. 由some, any every, no构成的复合词(somebody,nobody,everything,anything等)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Somebody ______(be)waiting for you at the school gate.
4. 成双成对出现的复数名词(glasses,shoes,trousers,pants,gloves等)作主语时,通常谓语动词用复数,但前面有a /the pair of;a /the suit of等词语时,则谓语动词要与量词(pair, suit, piece )在单复数上保持一致。A pair of scissors_______(be) useful tool for a dressmaker.
Two pieces of paper ______(be ) on the desk .
5. 以复数形式出现,却表示单数意义(maths, physics, news …)谓语用单数。
Maths_____(be) my favorite subject.
6.“the +形容词(old /young /rich /poor )”表示“一类人”,作主语时,谓语用复数。更多资料QQ378459309制作:
The young ______(like) listening to popular songs .
7.“the +姓氏的复数” 表示“某某夫妇,某某一家人”,作主语时,谓语用复数。
The Greens _______(be)having lunch now.
专题十四 倒装句
1. 当句首为副词here ,there 且主语为名词时,应用完全倒装。
Here comes the bus !. /There goes the bell. !
2. only 修饰时间、地点、方式等状语时,应用部分倒装。
Only in this way can we solve the problem./Only when you told me did I know her name.
注意:如果 only 修饰的不是状语,则句子不倒装。Only Uncle Li knows how it happened.
3. 表示对前者的陈述也适用后者时,肯定倒装用“ so + 助动词/情态动词 + 后者”,前句事否定,而后面的人也不怎么样时用“ neither / nor + 助动词 / 情态动词 + sb”。
He can speak English,so can I./If she doesn’t go there tomorrow,neither / nor will I.
注意:(1)“ so + 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语” 表示前者的主语和后者的主语的情况一样,所谈到的是两个人,意为“……也是这样”; (2)“ so + 主语 + 助动词 / 情态动词”表示前者和后者所指同一人时,说话者表示同意前者的观点,意为“的确如此”。- Li Lei likes sports. - So he does and so do I.
4. 由 not only …… but also …… 引起的并列句,若将 not only 置于句首时,该分句应部分倒装, but also 引导的分句不倒装。Not only did he give me some advice,but also he lent me some money.
5.“ no matter +疑问词+从句” 或 “疑问词+ever+从句” 注:从句应用陈述句语序,时态用一般现在时。
However hard the problem is,I must work it out.
专题十五 感叹句
一、what引导的感叹句:
1.what + a / an +adj + 单数名词 (+主语+ 谓语)!_______ a clever boy he is !
2.what + adj + 复数名词 (+主语+ 谓语)!_______ heavy boxes they are !
3.what + adj + 不可数名词(+主语+ 谓语)!_______ bad weather !
四、how引导的感叹句:
1.How + adj / adv + 主语+ 谓语!_________ hard they are working !
2.How + adj + a / an + 单数名词(+主语+ 谓语)!How tall a boy he is !
3. How + adj / adv + the + 名词+ 谓语!________ heavily the rain is falling!
4.How+句子!
五、what 与how引导的感叹句之间的转换:1.What a beautiful girl she is != ______ beautiful the girl is !
六、几个常见的感叹句:1.______ great fun it is ! 2.______ important information ! 3.______ good news !
七、感叹句中常见的不可数名词:food , work , weather , fun , music , information , news , advice ,
篇7:英语语法原则语法一致原则
语法一致原则
1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
注意:由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如:What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.
2. 由连接词and或both …… and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。如:Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
注意:(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如:The writer and artist has come. (2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.
3. 主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。如:Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
4. either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。如:Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.
注意:(1)在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。如:Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. (2)若none of后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如:None of us has (have) been to America.
5. 在定语从句时,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如:He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如:Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意:people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:The police are looking for the lost child.
7. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如:There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.
注意:a number of“许多”,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;the number of“……的数量”,主语是number,谓语用单数。
8. 在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:There comes the bus. / On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.
S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)归纳
此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。
名词/代词宾格 + 名词
The war made him a soldier.战争使他成为一名战士.
名词/代词宾格 + 形容词
New methods make the job easy.新方法使这项工作变得轻松.
名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语
I often find him at work.我经常发现他在工作.
名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老师让学生们关上窗户.
名词/代词宾格 + 分词
I saw a cat running across the road.我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
S │V(及物)│ O(宾语) │ C(宾补)
1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理。
2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色
3. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。
4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。
5. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么会这样想?
6. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去
7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。
8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
★ 初中英语语法总结
★ 一致的反义词
初中英语语法主谓语法一致原则(共7篇)
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