语法教案:冠词

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篇1:语法教案:冠词

分类说明

英语中冠词虽然不多,但考试中总是少不了。从近五年的高考试题来看,每年都有一道关于冠词的单选题。因此,同学们在复习中不可忽视它。

冠词分为定冠词,不定冠词及零冠词三种。

不定冠词有a,an两种形式。a用丁以辅音音素开头或有以辅音音素开头的单词作修饰语的名词之前;而an用于以元音音素开头的名词或有以元音音素开头的修旆语之前。特别值得注意的是,这里指的是元音音素或辅音音素而不是元音字母或辅音字母。如:one-eyed camel,European friend,university student,useful animal等前面要用不定冠词a;而hour,honest boy,X-ray等前面需要用不定冠词an。

近几年来,主要考察一些冠词的基本用法。

可数名词单数表泛指时,其前面需用不定冠词;表示某一类别时,可数名词前面需用不定冠词;表示数量为“一”时,可数名词前面用不定冠词;表示“每一”概念时,可数名词前面也需用不定冠词;一些固定短语前需用不定冠词。

名词表特指某一个或某一类时,前面用定冠词;世界上独一无二的事物前面用定冠词;重复前面已出现过的名词前面用定冠词;形容词最高级、序数词前面用定冠词;在江河、湖泊、山脉、岛屿、建筑物前面用定冠词;在一些习惯用语中用定冠词。

名词前要有指示代词、疑问代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格修饰时,用零冠词;名词的复数形式表示类别时,前面用零冠词;专有名词前一般用零冠词;职衔、职称名词前面一般用零冠词;节假日、球类、三餐等名词前面一般用零冠词;一些习惯用语中名词前面用零冠词。

特别要注意:

(1)用定冠词与不定冠词的区别,如:the second student(第二个学生)--a second student(又一个学生);the most interesting book(最有趣的书)--a most interesting book

(一本非常有趣的书);the world(世界)--a better world(一个更好的世界);play the piano(弹钢琴)一buy a piano(买一台钢琴)。

(2)用零冠词与不定冠词的区别,如:Mr Li(李先生)--a Mr Li(一个自称姓李的先生);have lunch(吃中餐)--have a rich lunch(吃一顿丰盛的中餐);wind(风)一a strong wind(一阵大风);play basketball(打篮球)--buy a basketball(买一个篮球);New York(纽约)一a New York in China(在中国的纽约);have words with sb(与某人争吵)--have a word with sb(与某人谈话);help(帮助)/success(成功)/experience(经验)--a help(帮手)/a success(成功的人或事)/an experience(一次经历)。

(3)用零冠词与定冠词的区别,如:Shanghai(上海)--the Shanghai you see today(你

今天所见的上海);history(历史)--the history of Qing Dynasty(清朝历史);in bed(躺

在床上)--on the bed(在床上);in hospital(住院)--in the hospital(在医院);in front

of(在……前面)--in the front of(在……前部);at most=at the most(至多);at least=

at the least(至少)。

因此,在掌握了冠词的基本用法的基础上,一定要根据具体情况及语境来确定答案。

回放真题

真题l(2004甘肃、青海卷35)

--John,there is ________Mr Wilson on the phone for you.

--I’m in bath.

A.a;the B.the;a C.a;不填 D. the;不填

【答案及解析】A不定冠词修饰人名时,表示初次提到一个人,或者说话者认为没有必要或不想具体说明是哪一个。根据谈话的内容,所说的bath(澡堂,浴室)显然是说话双方都知道的,故前面须加定冠词,因此答案选A。

真题2(2004重庆卷32)

The most important thing about cotton in history is ________part that it played in ________Industrial Revolution.

A.不填;不填 B.the;不填 C.the;the D.a;the

【答案及解析】C part意指作用。特指工业革命时期所起的作用应加the,由普通名词构成的专有名词前用the。因此c为正确答案。

真题3(2004广东卷28)

While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope.Newton made discover which completely changed ________man’s understanding of colour.

A.a;不填 B.a;the C.不填;the D.the;a

【答案及解析】A根据句子的意思,牛顿的一次发现,是泛指,应用不定冠词;而人类的观念,不是某一个人,故在man前不能用冠词,答案选A。

真题4(2004福建卷23)

It’s ________world of wonders,________world where anything can happen.

A. a;the B. a;a C.the;a D.不填;不填

【答案及解析】B 世界上独一无二的事物前一般用定冠词,但当此名词带有定语修饰时,前面应用不定冠词,故答案选B。

真题5(2004湖北卷23)

There was ________time ________I hated to go to schoo1.

A. a;that B.a;when C.the;that D.the:when

【答案及解析】 B 根据句子的意思,并没有明确表明某一段时间,因此,这是泛指一段时间,从而排除C、D;而从句的主、谓、宾等齐全,从而可知,a time在从句中作状语,故答案选B。

真题6(2004辽宁卷31)

When you finish reading the book,you will have better understanding 0f

A.a;the B.the;a C.不填;the D.a:不填

【答案及解析】 D表示对某东西有所了解时,习惯在understanding前加不定冠词;而life泛指生活时,前面不用任何冠词,故答案选D。

真题7(2004浙江卷22)

The Wilsons live in ________A-shaped house near the coast.It is ________17th century cottage.

A.the;/ B.an;the C./;the D.an:a

【答案及解析】D 根据house、cottage,两个空都必须填冠词,从而排除A、C;第二空后的17th century只表示房子的年代特征,而不表示具体的顺序.

真题8(2004江苏卷27)

Tom owns _______ larger collection of ______books than any other student in our

A. the;不填 B.a;不填 C.a;the D.不填:the

【答案及解析】 B 第一空填不定冠词,a collection of是常用结构,意为:……的收集品。a+抽象名词+of,这样的短语还有:a knowledge of,a waste of,a variety of.a number of,a way of等。第二空后的名词泛指书籍,因此不用冠词。

真题9(全国[河南、河北、山东、福建]24)

When you come here for your holiday next time,don’t go to hotel:I can find you ________bed in my flat.

A. the;a B.the;不填 C.a;the D.a;不填

【答案及解析】 A 本题考查冠词用法。find sb.a bed为固定短语,意为为某人安排床铺;前面go to the hotel或go to a hotel都可以。用排除法可得出答案选A。

真题10(2004四川卷31)

If you buy more than ten,they knock 20 pence off ________.

A. a price B.price C.the price D.prices

【答案及解析】C the price表特指买10个物品所要的价钱,故要加定冠词the。

真题11(2004天津卷24)

When he left _______college,he got a job as ______reporter in a newspaper office.

A.不填;a B.不填;the C.a;the D.the;the

【答案及解析】A当“college,school,hospital”等名词表示一种状态时,前面不能用冠词修饰;而reporter表示泛指某种身份时,前面加不定冠词。故答案选A。

真题12(2004北京卷32)

________on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French。Speaking Canadians is ________major concern of the country.

A.The:不填 B.The;a C.An;the D.An;不填

【答案及解析】B冠词的考查。从后面的介词短语可看出,前者特指目前说英语的加拿大人与说法语的加拿大人之间的分歧;后者泛指一件全国关心之事,故选B。

真题13(2004湖南卷26)

For a long time they walked without saying ________word.Jim was the first to break ________silence.

A.the:a B.a;the C.a;不填 D.the;不填

【答案及解析】B第一空填不定冠词,表示泛指,意思是“一句话”;第二空填定冠词,特指前面“没有说一句话而形成的沉默”。

真题14(北京春季卷28)

On ________news today,there were _______reports of heavy snow in that area.

A.the:the B.the;不填 C.不填;不填 D.不填;the

【答案及解析】B因news后有today修饰,特指“今天的新闻”,故用the;第二空泛指某方面的报道,并非特指,reports为复数,故其前不用冠词。

真题15(2004上海春季卷28) .

As a rule。domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid_________.

A.by the hour B.by hour C.by all hour D.by hours

【答案及解析】B by为介词,意为“以……为标准或单位,以……计”。主要有两种表达方式:by +the+度量名词,如:by the day,by the yard;by+范畴名词.如:by time,by weight,by length。

真题16(2003全国卷26)

The sign reads “In case of ________fire,break the glass and push ________red button.”

A.不填:a B.不填;the C.the;the D.a;a

【答案及解析】 B fire是物质名词,其前可用零冠词或定冠词。泛指时用零冠词,特指时用定冠词。前一个空表泛指,因而用零冠词;后一个空要填定冠词,特指那个红色的按钮。译文:标志上写着“如果发生火灾,打碎玻璃并按下红色按钮”。

真题17(2003上海卷25)

I earn 10 dollars ________hour as ________supermarket cashier on Saturdays.

A. a;an B.the;a C.an;a D.an;the

【答案及解析】C hour以元音开头,前面加不定冠词an,an hour每小时;。表示“一个”,放在supermarket cashier前面表示类指,说明人的身份。译文:星期六我做超市出纳员每小时挣10美元。a/an的用法规则:以元音音素开头的单词前用an,以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。

真题18(2003北京春季卷24)

There’s ________dictionary on ________desk by your side.

A.a;the B.a;a C.the;a D.the:the

【答案及解析】 A desk后有by your side修饰表特定的,故前面要用the;there be后的名词常用非特定形式,故用a。

真题19(2003安徽春季卷23)

--Where is my blue shirt?

--It’s in the washing machine.You have to wear ________different one.

A.any B.the C.a D.0ther

【答案及解析】 C题意只是简单地表示“需另一件衣服”,由于不知“我”共有几件衣服,排除B;other前无the,后需用复数名词,排除D;any强调“任意一个”,排除A。

真题20(2003上海春季卷23)

An accident happened at _______crossroads a few metres away from _______bank.

A.a;a B.不填;a C.不填;the D.the:不填

【答案及解析】 A at a crossroads表示“十字路L1”,crossroads是复数形式单数用法;bank是可数名词,不能单独使用,前要加冠词或用复数。此处是泛指.前面要用不定冠词a。

真题21(2002全国卷26) 。

Jumping out of _______airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ________exciting experience.

A.不填;the B.不填;an C.an;all D.the, the

【答案及解析】C airplane和experience都是可数名词,表示泛指,前要加不定冠词。译文:从一万英尺高的飞机里跳出来是一次令人激动的经历。

真题22(2002上海卷21)

One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain ________good knowledge of basic word formation.

A./ B.the C.a D.one

【答案及解析】C a knowledge of sth为固定短语,意思为:对某事物有一点了解。knowledge是不可数名词,当被某些修饰语修饰时,前面要加不定冠词,如:He has a very good knowledge of English.他在英语方面有丰富的知识。

其题23(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷26)

I don’t like talking on ________telephone;J prefer writing letters.

A.a;the B.the;不填 C.the;the D.a;不填

【答案及解析】B从第一空可排除A和D,因为本题意思是:“我”不喜欢在电话上(即通过电话)谈话。on the telephone通过电话,on a telephone是指在一部电话上,类似的还有-“on the radio,on the internet,on Tv等。后一个空应是泛指,不用the也不用a(因为是复数)。

真题24(2002上海春季卷22)

The cakes are delicious.He’d like to have ________third one because ________second one is rather too small.

A.a:a B.the;the C.a;the D.the;a

【答案及解析】 C注意序数词前面的冠词的用法:当序数词表示顺序时用定冠词the;表示再一次时使用不定冠词a(an)。从句子的意思可知,a third one表示再吃一个;the second one表示所吃的第二个。译文:蛋糕很好吃。他想再吃一个,因为第二个太小了。

真题25(2001全国卷29)

The warmth of _______sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ________wool used.

A.the;the B.the;不填 c.不填;the D.不填;不填

【答案及解析】 B a/an/the+可数名词单数表示类别或直接用可数名词复数表示类别(通常指物),所以sweater前用定冠词表示类别限定;the sort of wool = the wool。

真题26(2001上海卷21)

A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in ________leg.

A.a B.one C.the D.his

【答案及解析】 C伤及某人某部位或拍、打、拉某人某部位要用句式wound/bite/beat/pat/take +sb+介词+the+部位。译文:子弹击中了战士,他的腿受了伤。

真题27(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷10)

Mr Smith,there’s a man at ________front door who says he has ________news for you of great importance.

A.the;不填 B.the;the C.不填;不填 D.不填;the

【答案及解析】 A第一空是特指;news为不可数的抽象名词,不加冠词。

真题28(2000全国卷10)

Most animals have little connection with ________ animals of ________ different kind unless they kill them for food.

A.the;a B.不填;a C.the;the D.不填:the

【答案及解析】B表示“某种……”时常用词组a/this/that/those +kind(s)of+名词,亦可用名词复数+0f+…kind(s),两个animals都是表泛指的名词复数,故都不带冠词。of a kind同一类的;of a different kind另一类的,都属固定结构。译文:大部分的动物中,一个种群与其他种群之间是没有什么联系的,除非是捕杀它们作为食物。

真题29(2000京、皖春季卷8)

Summers in ________south of France ale for ________most part dry and sunny.

A.不填;a B.the;不填 C.不填;不填 D.the;the

【答案及解析】D “法国南部”和“大部分地区”都是特指,所以要用定冠词the。

篇2:冠词语法知识

冠词语法知识归纳

(一)冠词概述

冠词是限定词的一种,自己不能单独使用,只能依附于一个名词帮助说明这个名词的含义。因此冠词也可以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而单独存在。

冠词有三种形式:不定冠词a(an),定冠词(the)和零冠词(即不使用冠词)。冠词用法每次中考都会出现,主要考查:(1)名词前的定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的用法;(2)固定搭配中的冠词用法。a,an的用法区别是常考内容。序数词前及形容词最高级前或姓氏前使用定冠词也是近年来中考的常考内容。

(二)基础知识梳理

1.不定冠词a/an的用法

不定冠词用来修饰单数可数名词,指人或物中的某一个或某一类,但不具体说明是何人何物。

如:A famous astronaut will give us a talk the week after next.a用在以辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的单词前,如:a university student,a European country;an用在以元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的单词前,如:an honest girl,an underground train.现将不定冠词的基本用法归纳如下:

1)首次提到某人某物,不定冠词起介绍作用。如:Long long ago an old man lived in a small village.

2)表示每一的意思,常用于表示时间、速度的名词之前,相当于every。如:ten metres a second,twice a week

3)也可用于不可数的物质名词和抽象名词之前,使其具体化。如:1 would like a drink.Its a great joy to live in Shanghai.

4)某些固定短语中,要用不定冠词。如:have a good time,in a hurry,have a break,for a while,a pair of,have a look,with a smile,take an active part in.

2.定冠词the的用法

1)指第二次提到的人或物。如:I have a dog and a cat.The dog is brown and the cat is yellow.

2)特指某人或某物。如:The old man with thick glasses is their history teacher.

3)指谈话双方都知道的人或物。如:Would you mind turning down the radio,Jim? Your father is sleeping.

4)用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如:The third truck is carrying the fewest apples of all.

5)用于指世界上独一无二的'事物。如:The moon is far smaller than the earth.

6)在江河、海洋、山脉等地理名词前及由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:the Nile,the Pacific Ocean,the Alps,the Oriental Pearl

7)用于表示方位的名词前。如:Shanghai is in the east of China.8)用在乐器名称的前面。如:I practise the piano every day after school.

9)在某些形容词前加定冠词,表示一类人。如:The sick and the old should be taken good care of.

10)用于姓氏复数形式之前,表示一家人或夫妇两人。如:The Wangs have worked in Pudong for almost ten years.

11)在某些固定短语中,需用定冠词。如:In the morning,the day after tomorrow,listen to the radio,at the moment,go to the beach,by the way.

3.不用冠词的情况

1)在球类活动、学科名称前。如:We have Chinese,maths,and English every day.

2)在节日、月份、四季、星期前。如:June l is Childrens Day.Its Saturday today.Its late spring now.

3)名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或数词等。如:That handbag is in her car.I have several questions to ask.

4)在物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。如:Milk is white.(比较:The milk in the cup has gone bad.这里the表示特指。)

5)三餐名词前通常不用冠词,如:have supper,after breakfast,但三餐名词前如果有形容词修饰时,要用不定冠词,如:a big supper,a quick breakfast等。6)在称呼、头衔、职位前。。如What can I do for you,sir.

7)在某些固定词组和习惯用语中。如:by motorcycle/air/train,at night,in trouble, go to church,put into jail等。

4.在某些名词前用冠词或不用冠词,其意义有所不同。

如:go to church(去做礼拜) go to the church(到那座教堂去)in class(在上课时) in the class(在班级中)in charge of(负责) in the charge of(由负责)in hospital(生病住院) in the hospital(在医院里工作或参观)at table(在吃饭) at the table(在桌子旁)take place(发生) take the place(代替)in front of(在的前面) in the front of(在前部)keep house(管理家务) keep the house(呆在家里)。

篇3:高中英语冠词语法

2.冠词的活用情况

(1)表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加定冠词the;但如果名词前有修饰语,来表示“怎样的”时也可用不定冠词。如:

the world, a peaceful world; the moon, a bright moon。

(2)表示一日三餐的名词前一般不用冠词,但前面如果有定于修饰,也可用不定冠词。如:I had a wonderful supper yesterday。

(3)表示乐器的名词前一般用定冠词,但如果该名词作为普通名词,也可用不定冠词。如:This is a piano and it is the king of musical instruments。

(4)形容词最高级前、序数词前也可用不定冠词。

①形容词最高级前加不定冠词表示“十分、非常”之意,相当于very。如:

It is a most useful book。

②序数词second、third等前加不定冠词表示“又一,再一”之意,相当于another。如:Can you give me a second chance, please?

(5)表示语言的前一般不用冠词,但后面如果出现language一词,前面需加定冠词the。如:English=the English language

(6)牢记高考中常见的纯不可数名词。它们是information, fun, weather, progress, advice,news,space,word(=news),furniture,equipment等,均不可与不定冠词连用。

3.冠词的类指用法

(1)定冠词 + 单数可数名词,指的是这个类别,这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的。如:The compass was invented in China, but the computer was not。

(2)不定冠词 + 单数可数名词,侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。如:

A tiger is a type of very large fierce wild cat that has yellow fur with black bands across。

注意:man, woman表示泛指时,不用冠词,且常用单数。如:

Man tries to be the protector of woman。

(3)可数名词复数或不可数名词,侧重于指类别中的许多个体。如:

Children usually start walking at around one year old。

4.冠词的位置问题

(1)不定冠词 + 副词 + 形容词 + 名词。如:

This is a very interesting story。

(2)such、what、both、all、quite、rather +不定冠词+形容词+名词。如:

I’ve never seen such a film!

Half a pound of pork, please!

What a good idea it is!

(3)as、so、too、how、however、enough+形容词+不定冠词+名词。如:

I can’t finish the task in so short a time。

He is brave enough a hunter to kill the bear。

(4)half、twice、three times、all、both、double + the + 名词。如:

He paid twice the price for it。

Their house is three times the size of yours。

五、精典名题导解

1. (2008湖南) Have you heard ______ news?The piece of _______ petrol is going up again!

A. the, the B. 不填,the C. the, 不填 D. 不填,不填

考点解析:第一空格为特指,the news即指汽油价格又上涨这件事。第二空格petrol为抽象名词,故其前不用冠词。故选C。

2. (2008江苏)We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent。

A. the; the B。不填;the C. the; 不填 D. 不填;不填

考点解析:第一空by sea指乘船,故其前不用冠词。第二空根据句意可知,此处continent为特指,指驱车穿过的那个大陆,故用定冠词the。故选B。

3. (2008江西卷)―I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting。

―It is not your fault. With _ _ rush-hour traffic and _ _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late。

A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a

考点解析:两空中traffic和rain均为抽象名词,故不定冠词先可排除。再根据题意可知,均为特指,指当时的交通高峰拥堵和下大雨使他开会迟到,故均用定冠词the。故答案为B。

4. (2008山东) Students should be encouraged to use ________ Internet as________ resource。

A. /; a B. 不填; the C. the; the D. the; a

考点解析:Internet 为专有名词,其前常用the。句意为:应鼓励学生使用因特网作为一种资源。resource 前应用a,表示“一种资源”,为泛指。故答案为D。

5. (2008四川) In the United States, there is always ____ flow of people to areas of ______ country where more jobs can be found。

A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. a; a

考点解析:第一空为泛指,a flow of people表示“人流”。第二空由于country 后面有定语从句where more jobs can be found。修饰限定,同时根据意思应为特指,故用定冠词the。故答案为A。

6. (北京市朝阳区高三2月统一考试) _______ person like him won’t be simply satisfied with _________ progress that has been made。

A. The; a B. The; / C. A; / D. A; the

考点解析:第一空表示“像他这样的一个人”,应为泛指,故用不定冠词a。第二空progress后面有定语从句that has been made。修饰限定,应为特指,故用定冠词the。故答案为D。

7. (20北京市宣武区高三第一次质量检测)―Could you tell me ________ way to Taylor Clinic?

―Sorry, but I’m afraid there is not _________ Taylor Clinic nearby。

A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. the; a

考点解析:第一空特指去Taylor Clinic的路,故应用定冠词the。第二空根据句意 “恐怕这附近没有Taylor Clinic这个地方”可知应为泛指,故用不定冠词a。故答案为D。

8. (上海市2009年高三年级十四校联考)―I hear that the Australian bushfire that happened in the north of Melbourne killed at least 181 people and destroyed many buildings。

―Yes. _______ news came as _________ shock to me。

A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a; a

考点解析:根据句意可知,第一空应为特指,此处news指上文提到的事件即the Australian bushfire…,故用定冠词the。而第二空shock表示一件令人震惊的事,故为泛指,应用不定冠词a。故答案为B。

篇4:高中英语冠词语法

一、考纲要求

结合名词的分类情况,理解冠词表泛指、特指、类指、专指之间的区别;掌握有关冠词的习语及固定句型。

二、命题导向

冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点,几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目,不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法,习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。

三、复习要点

1.不定冠词的基本用法:

(1)表示数量“一”,相当于“one”。I’ll return in a day or two。

(2)表示“同一”,相当于“the same”。The children are of an age。

(3)表示泛指或类指,指人或事物的某一个、某一类。如:

He wants to he a doctor./ A horse is a useful animal。

(4)用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前,表示“每一”。如:

We have meals three times a day。(我们一天吃三餐。)

(5)用于专有名词前表示类似的一个或某一个,相当于“a certain”。如:

A Mr. Smith is asking to see you. (一位李先生要见你。)

(6)与某些物质名词或抽象名词连用,表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵……”如: a surprise一件令人惊讶的事;a success一个(件)成功的人(事);a green tea一种绿茶;a heavy rain一场(阵)大雨

(7)用在某些固定词组中。如:

①have a swim/walk/talk/dance/look =swim/walk/talk/dance/look

②have a cold, have a good time, keep a diary, in a hurry, once in a while, at a loss, for a while, once upon a time, all of a sudden, tell a lie, do sb. a favour, at a distance, have a good knowledge of, as a matter of fact

2.定冠词的基本用法:

(1)表示上文提到过的人或事物。如:I have bought a book. The book is very useful。

(2)用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如:Close the window, please。

(3)用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如:the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。

(4)用于表示方位的名词之前。如:in the east, on the right。

(5)用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如:the first, the tallest。

(6)用于形容词之前,使其名词化,表示一类人。如:the sick, the wounded。

(7)用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如:the United States, the United Nation。

(8) 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如:the Changjiang River, the East Lake。

(9)用于复数姓氏之前,表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如:The Smiths。

(10)用于作为课程或演奏等的西洋乐器名词前。如:play the piano; play the violin。

(11)用于表示单位的名词前。如:by the day(month)按日(月),by the yard(foot)按码(英尺)

(12)用于年代、朝代、时代名词前。如:in the 1970s, the Tang Dynasty。

(13) 用于某些固定词组中。如:in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time。

3.不用冠词的情况:

(1)不含普通名词的专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前,一般不加冠词。如:China , America, Smith。

(2)可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时,不加冠词。如:

I like this picture; Einstein’s theory proved to be correct。

(3)季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。如:

March, May Day, National Day, Children’s Day, Women’s Day,have supper

(4)呼语前不用冠词。如:What shall I do next, Mother?

(5)表示独一无二的头衔职务、职务名词作表语、同位语或补足语时,一般不加冠词。如:We elected him president of our university。

(6)学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。如:

Do you study physics?

He likes playing football/chess。

(7)复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。如:

They are peasants/ workers。

(8)在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。如:

by car, by bus, by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land

(9)连系动词turn后的表语单数可数名词前不用冠词。如:

The young worker has turned writer。

(10)no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后面的名词前不用冠词。如:

No such thing has ever happened in this village。

(11)as, though引导的倒装的让步状语从句中的表语(单数可数名词名词)置于句首时不用冠词。如:child as he is, he knows a lot。

(12)某些固定词组中不用冠词。如:husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork, young and old, arm in arm, hand in hand, side by side, go to school, leave school, in prison, to(at, from, at work, on foot, from door to door, from morning till night, year after year, step by step

四、注意事项

1. 在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。

go to school 去上学 in hospital 住院(因病)

go to the school 去学校 in the hospital在医院(工作、参观等)

in front of在前面,指某物体之外 in charge负责,主管

in the front of在前部,指某物之内 in the charge由……负责

out of question没问题

out of the question不可能

篇5:英语冠词的语法

目录

冠词的语法总结

冠词基本用法的速记口诀

英语冠词练习题及解析

冠词的语法总结

冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面帮助指明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a(an)和定冠词the两种。不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义,但不强调数目观念,只表示名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者,表示“这”、“那”、“这些”、“那些”的意思,在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。

1.不定冠词an用在元音读音开头

不定冠词an用在元音读音开头(不是指元音字母)的词前,其余用不定冠词a.

2.定冠词的基本用法

A.用在重新提到的人或事物前面。

B. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面。

C用在单数可数名词前面,表示某一类人或事物。

3.定冠词的特殊用法

A.用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前。

B. 用在序数词、形容词的最高级及only所修饰的名词前。

C用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面。

D.用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面。

E.用在姓氏的复数形式前面,表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。

F.用在乐器名称前。

G. 和某些形容词连用,表示某一类人或事物。

4.名词前不用冠词的情况

A. 在专有名词 (包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节) 、物质名词和抽象名词前—般不用冠词。但在以Festival组成的民间节日前要加the。

B. 表示一类人或事物的复数名词前。

C. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时,不用冠词。

D. 三餐饭、球类、棋类、游戏名称前一般不用冠词。正在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。

(sit) at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌边

go to school去上学;go to the school去那所学校;in hospital住院;in the hospital在那个医院里。

冠词基本用法的速记口诀

名词是秃子,常要戴帽子,

可数名词单,须用a或an,

辅音前用a,an在元音前,

若为特指时,则须用定冠,

复数不可数,泛指the不见,

碰到代词时,冠词均不现。

英语冠词练习题及解析

1.Tom owns ________ larger collection of ________ books than any other student in our class.

A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填

C. a; the D. 不填; the

2. For a long time they walked without saying ________ word. Jim was the first to break ________ silence.

A. the; a B. a; the

C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填

3. When he left ________ college, he got a job as ________ reporter in a newspaper office.

A. 不填;a B. 不填;the

C. a ; the D. the ; the

4. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off ________ .

A. a price B. price

C. the price D. prices

5. ________ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is ________ major concern of the country.

A. The; 不填 B. The; a

C. An; the D. An; 不填

6. The Wilsons live in ________ A-shaped house near the coast. It is ??? ________ 17th century cottage.

A. the , / B. an, the

C. /, the D. an, a

7. When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to ________ hotel; I can find you ________ bed in my flat.

A. the; a B. the; 不填

C. a; the D. a; 不填

8. When you finish reading this book, you will have ________ better understanding of ________ life.

A. a, the B. the, a

C. /, the D. a, /

9. It is ________ world of wonders ________ world where anything can happen.

A. a, the B. a, a

C. the, a D. 不填, 不填

10. The most important thing about cotton in history is ________ part that it played in ________ Industrial Revolution.

A. 不填;不填 B. the;不填

C. the; the D. a; the

11. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made ________ discover which completely changed ________ man’s understanding of colour.

A. a…不填 B. a…the

C. 不填…the D. the…a

12. —I’d like ________ information about the management of your hotel, please.

—Well, you could have ________ word with the manager. He might be helpful.

A. some, a B. an, some

C. some, some D. an, a

13. Many people agree that ________ knowledge of English is a must in ________ international trade today.

A. a; / B. the; an

C. the; the D. /;the

14. —Have you seen ________ pen? I left it here this morning.

—Is it ________ black one? I think I saw it somewhere(www.yygrammar.com).

A. a; the B. the; the

C. the; a D. a; a

15. Paper money was in ________ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ________ thirteenth century.

A. the; 不填 B. the; the

C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填

16. Most animals have little connection with ________ animals of ________ different kind unless they kill them for food.

A. the; a B. 不填; a

C. the; the D. 不填; the

17. Jumping out of ________ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ________ exciting experience.

A. 不填, the B. 不填, an

C. an, an D. the, the

18. The sign reads “In case of ________ fire, break the glass and press ________ red button. ”

A. / ; a B. / ; the

C. the; the D. a; a

19. On ________ news today, there were ________ reports of heavy snow in that area.

A. the; the B. the; 不填

C. 不填;不填 D. 不填;the

【答案解析】

1. B. 因为collection (收藏品,收集物) 是可数名词,此处为单数,又不是特指,所以用不定冠词;books是名词复数表示种类,而非特指,所以不用冠词。又如:a fine collection of paintings精美的绘画收藏品。

2. B. word (话、话语) 是可数名词,without saying a word意为“没说一句话”;虽然silence (沉默)是不可数名词,但此处是特指前面提到的那种沉默,所以用the。

3. A. 因为school, college, university, hospital, prison, church, table, bed名词等指其用途时,不用冠词。leave college意为“大学毕业”。又因为表示职业或身份的单数名词前通常要用不定冠词,所以选A。

4. C. price前加定冠词表特指。句意为“如果你买10个以上,他们会从那个价钱中减掉20便士”。

5. B. 因为division后有介词短语between…and…的限制,这是特指的,所以要用the。又因为concern作“所关切的事”解是可数名词,所以前面要用冠词。

6. D. 因为house和cottage都是可数名词,且都不是特指,所以都用不定冠词。句意是“威尔逊一家住在大海附近的一栋A形房子里,那是一座17世纪建的别墅”。

7. A. 从next time可知,对方这次住了旅馆,第一空的hotel就是特指这个旅馆,所以用the;第二空的单数可数名词bed不是特指的,所以用不定冠词。句意是:你下次来这里度假,就不要到这旅馆来住了,我在我的公寓里帮你弄张床。

8. D. 虽然understanding是不可数名词,但作“了解、理解”解时,却常常要加不定冠词(尤其是当其前有形容词修饰时),排除B和C。又因为life作“生活、人生”解,是不可数名词,不是特指,不用冠词。have a better understanding of life指“对生活有更深刻的理解”。

9. B. 虽然通常说the world,但world有定语修饰时,表示“一个…的世界”时,要用不定冠词。题中两个world都有定语修饰,后者是前者的同位语,所以两个都用不定冠词。句意是:这是一个奇妙的世界,一个什么事都有可能发生的世界。

10. C. 因part后面有一定语从句修饰,是特指,用the;又因为“工业革命”是由普通名词构成的专有名词,所以前面也要用the。

11. A. 因为discovery作“被发现的事物”讲是可数名词,前面用不定冠词,又如,make an important discovery scientific discovery (作出重大的科学发现)。man作“人、人类”解,是既没有复数形式,也不能在前面加冠词的,understanding前又受名词所有格man’s修饰,也不能用冠词,所以第二空不用冠词。

12. A。information 是不可数名词,前面不用冠词,因此排除 B 和 D;have a word with是固定短语,意为“和某人谈一下”。句意为“我想请你帮我看一下旅馆的管理材料”。“好的,你可以和饭店经理谈,他会帮你的”。

13. A。此题考查不定冠词和不用冠词的情况。抽象名词knowledge前加不定冠词a使其具体化,a knowledge of English意为“懂英语”;而international trade是泛指,意为“国际贸易”,前面不用冠词。句意为“很多人认为懂英语是当今国际贸易所必需的”。

14. D。此题在特定语境中考查不定冠词的用法。第一句句意为“你看见一支钢笔吗?”是泛指,用不定冠词。第二空“是黑色的吗?”不是二次提及上文的钢笔,也是泛指,故也用不定冠词。

15. C。(be) in use是固定词组,意为“在使用中”;第二空是序数词前要加定冠词,the thirteenth century 指第13世纪。句意为“十三世纪马可波罗访问中国时,中国已用纸币”。

16. B。animals 是名词复数表示泛指,不用冠词;kind是单数可数名词,of…kind“…种类的”。根据句意“多数动物与另一类的动物没有关系,除非它们以其为食”。可指应用a表示泛指。

17. C。句意为“从一万英尺高的飞机里跳出来是一次非常激动人心的经历”。airplane表泛指,以元音开头用an;experience当“经历”讲时是可数名词,因此表示“一次经历”要加不定冠词。

18. B。fire泛指“火灾,失火”,不用冠词;red button 是特指,第二空用 the。句意为“那块牌子上写着:“万一失火,打碎这块玻璃,按那个红色按钮”。

19. B。第一空用the表示特指“今日的新闻”;第二空reports是复数名词表泛指,不加冠词。句意为“在今天的新闻中有关于那个地区的大雪的报道”。

篇6:初中英语冠词的语法

初中英语冠词的语法归纳

—、冠词的定义

冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。

冠词可以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而独立存在。表示的名词数量或者特征 。

(1)冠词的分类

冠词分为不定冠词”a,an“、定冠词”the“和零冠词”(/)“三种,零冠词指的是不用冠词的情况。

口诀:

a与an两种体,不重数量相当“一”

可数名词首次提,有时还可表“每一”

a tiger an hour a university

an apple an old friend

a friend a student

an English teacher

不定冠词有”a和an“两种形式。”a“用在以辅音音素开头的词前,而不是辅音字母前;”an“用在以元音音素开头的词前,而不是元音字母前

(2) 不定冠词的用法

1.a和an均用在单数名词之前,表示某一 类人或事物。

Tom is a hard-working student.

汤姆是一个勤奋的学生。

Kate is an English teacher.

凯特是一个英语老师。

2.指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。

A steel worker makes steel.

钢铁工人炼铁。

Pass me an apple,please.

请递给我一个苹果。

3.泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。

A student wants to see you.

有个学生想见你。

A girl is waiting for you outside.

有个女孩正在外面等你。

4.表示“每一”的意 思,相当于every。

Take the medicine three times a day.

这种药每天吃三次。

They go to see their grandparents once a week.

他们每周去看一次他们的祖父母。

用在一些固定搭配里:

have a walk散步

have a rest休息

have a look看一看

in a hurry匆匆忙忙

make a face做鬼脸

do somebody a favour帮某人忙

a number of许多

have a good time玩得愉快

have a cold感冒

have a headache头痛

定冠词的用法口诀:

特指双熟悉,上文已提及;

世上独无二,序数最高级;

家人代乐器,形分类人一。

1.特指某(些)人或某 (些)事物

The book on the desk is an English dictionary.

Beijing is the capital of China.

2.指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。

Open the door,please.

Jack is in the library.

3.上文提到过的人或 事物。

Yesterday John’s father bought him a

new bike.The bike cost him 200 yuan.

4. 表示世界上独一无二的事物。

The sun is bigger than the moon.

用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。

Shanghai is the biggest city in China.

January is the first month of the year.

5.用在某些形容词之前,表示某一类人或事物。

The nurse is kind to the sick.

We should take good care of the old.

6.用在姓氏复数之前,表示“某某一家人”,“某 某夫妇”

The Browns have been in China for over two years.

用在一些固定搭配 里面。

in the morning/afternoon上/下午

in the sun在阳光下

in the same way同样

in the daytime白天

in the end最终

on the other hand另一方面

on the contrary相反

冠词的用法

I. 不定冠词的用法:

1指一类人或事,相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.

2第一次提及某人某物,非特指A boy is waiting for you.

3表示“每一”相当于every,oneWe study eight hours a day.

4表示“相同”相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.

5用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng.

6用于固定词组中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time 7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one. 8用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.

II. 定冠词的用法:

1表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal.

2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean

3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door?

4用于乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar

5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded

6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the Greens, the Wangs

7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children.

8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French

9用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.

10在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代in the 1990’s

11用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.

12用于方位名词,身体部位名词,及表示时间的词组前He patted me on the shoulder.

III. 零冠词的用法:

1专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air

2名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?

3季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring

4表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.

5学科,语言,球类,棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess.

6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by land

7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night

8 表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.

零冠词的用法口诀

下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前;

专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭;

复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前;

颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。

篇7:初中英语基础冠词语法

初中英语基础冠词语法

冠词(art.)用在名词前,帮助说明其意义

冠词分为不定冠词a/an和定冠词the,放在名词前、a/3n用在单数可数名词前(a用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音音素开头的词前),初中英语基础语法4-冠词。

1.不定冠词

(1)不定冠词的用法

①泛指—类人或物。

eg.This is a pencil case.

She’S a doctor.

②指不具体的某个人或物。

eg.I met an old man On my way home.

③用在序数词前,相当于another.

eg.There’s a third boy near the shop.

④表示“每—(个)”,相当于every.

eg.They have music lessons twice a week.

⑤固定搭配。

a lot Of,a lot,a little,a few,a glass Of,such a/an, have a word with,have a look,have a try,have a swim,a quarter,half an hour, three times a day,have a talk,give a talk,ten Yuan a kilo

(2)不定冠词的位置

①不定冠词—般放在所修饰的单数可数名词前。

eg,a bike,an egg

②当名词被such,what,many修饰时,不定冠词放在这些词之后。

eg.It took me half an hour to finish my homework.

He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.

What a dangerous job it is!

Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.

③当名词前的形容词前有so,how,too等词时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。

Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.

How nice a film this is!

④当名词前面有形容词和quite,rather,very时,不定冠词放在quite,rather之后,very之前。

eg.It is quite a good book.

That is rather a useful too1.

This is a very interesting story

2.定冠词的用法表示上文中所提到过的'人或物。

eg:l have two children,a boy and a girl.The boy’s name is Mark.The girl’s name is Penny.

(2)特指某(些)人或物。

eg: The girl in a red dress comes from America.

(3)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或物。

eg: My shoes are under the bed.

(4)用在形容最高级和部分比较级前。

eg Tom is the taller of the two boys.

(5)用在序数词前。

eg Monday is the second day of a week.

(6)yo用在世界上独一无二的事物前(如太阳、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等),英语语法《初中英语基础语法4-冠词》。

cg The moon moves round the earth.

(7)用在某些形容词前,表示—类人或物。

the rich(富人),the poor(穷人),the deaf(聋人),the blind(盲人),the dead(死者),the wounded(伤员)

(8)用在姓氏复数前,表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫妇”。

eg.The Greens are having dinner at home.

(9)用在乐器前。

eg.play the piano/guitar/violin/drums.

(10)用于逢“十”的复数数词前,指某个世纪中的几十年代或人的大约年岁。

eg. In the 1970s,a highway was built to linkup the city with my hometown.

I think he is in the thirties.

(11)用在某些专有名词和习惯用语中。

the United Nations,the Great Wall,the Summer Palace,the Palace Museum,in the end,in the day,in the middle Of,all the time,in the east,by the way,On the way tO,the(more)……

the(more)…“越…越…”

3.不用冠词的情况

(1)名词前有指示代词this,that,these,those时不用冠词。

eg.That girl is my friend.

(2)名词前有物主代词my,your,his her,their等时不用冠词。

eg.Lucy is her sister.

(3)名词前有whose,which,SO[1ie,any,each,every等代词时不用冠词。

eg.Which man is Mr Green?

Each student has a beautiful picture.

(4)复数名词表示一类人或物时不用冠词。

eg.Those young men are teachers,not students.

(5)物质名词表示种类时不用冠词。

eg.Snow is white.

(6)抽象名词表示一般概念时不用冠词。

eg.Does she like music?

(7)在球类运动和棋类游戏前时不用冠词。

eg.play basketball/soccer/chess

(8)在三餐前不用冠词。

eg.have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner

(9)在人名、地名、节假日、星期、月份前不用。

eg. Tina,China,Tiananmen Square,Beijing,University,New Year’s Day,Tuesday,January

(10)在学科和节目名称前不用冠词。

eg.My favorite is English.

(11)在某些固定搭配中不用冠词。

eg.at noon, at work,at home,by bus, by air,On foot,from morning till night,at night,gO tO school,go to bed,at last

4.在有些词组中,用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别。

in hospital(在住院);in the hospital(在医院)

in prison(在坐牢);in the prison(在监狱里)

at table(吃饭,用餐);at the table(在桌旁)

in front of(在某个范围之外的前面);in the front of(在某个范围之外的前面)

go to college(上大学);go to the college(去那所大学)

take place(发生);take the place(代替)

篇8:冠词和数词语法

2.1 不定冠词的用法

冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article)。

不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是”一个“的意思。a用于辅音音素前,一般读作[e],而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做[en]。

1) 表示”一个“,意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。

A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.

2) 代表一类人或物。

A knife is a tool for cutting with.

Mr. Smith is an engineer.

3) 词组或成语。

a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden

三十五个经典句型 帮你过写作关(英语四级)

一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)

~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)

例句:Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.

海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。

Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.

张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。

二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V

Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V

例句:Nothing is more important than to receive education.

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.

(再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。)

例句:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

四、There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否认的...)

例句:There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

不可否认的,我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道...)

例句:It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫无疑问的...)

例句:There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.

毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的优点是...)

例句:An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won‘t create (produce) any pollution.

使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的原因是...)

例句:The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.

The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 (如此...以致于...)

例句:So precious is time that we can‘t afford to waste it.

时间是如此珍贵,我们经不起浪费它。

十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V~~~ (虽然...)

例句:Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.

{by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}

虽然我们的国家富有,我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~

The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~(愈...愈...)

例句:The harder you work, the more progress you make.

你愈努力,你愈进步。

The more books we read, the more learned we become.

我们书读愈多,我们愈有学问。

十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ (借着...,..能够..)

例句:By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.

借着做运动,我们能够始终保持健康。

十三、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (..使..能够..)

例句:Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.

听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我们绝对不能...)

例句:On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

十五、It is time + S + 过去式 (该是...的时候了)

例句:It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

十六、Those who ~~~ (...的人...)

例句:Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.

违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。

十七、There is no one but ~~~ (没有人不...)

例句:There is no one but longs to go to college.

没有人不渴望上大学。

十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不...)

例句:Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.

既然考试迫在眉睫,我不得不放弃做运动。

十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)

It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的)

It is apparent that + 句子 (显然的)

例句:It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

可想而知,知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

二十、That is the reason why ~~~ (那就是...的原因)

例句:Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don‘t like it.

夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。

二十一、For the past + 时间,S + 现在完成式...(过去...年来,...一直...)

例句:For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.

过去两年来,我一直忙着准备考试。

二十二、Since + S + 过去式,S + 现在完成式。

例句:Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.

自从他上高中,他一直很用功。

二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。)

例句:It pays to help others.

帮助别人是值得的。

二十四、be based on (以...为基础)

例句:The progress of thee society is based on harmony.

社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)

We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。

二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 (让...明白...事)

例句:We should bring home to people the value of working hard.

我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。

二十七、be closely related to ~~ (与...息息相关)

例句:Taking exercise is closely related to health.

做运动与健康息息相关。

二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving

= make it a rule to + V (养成...的习惯)

We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.

我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。

二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~ (因为...)

例句:Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.

因为他的鼓励,我终于实现我的梦想。

三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么...!)

例句:What an important thing it is to keep our promise!

How important a thing it is to keep our promise!

遵守诺言是多么重要的事!

三十一、Leave much to be desired (令人不满意)

例句:The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.

我们的交通状况令人不满意。

三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~ (对...有很大的影响)

例句:Smoking has a great influence on our health.

抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

三十三、do good to (对...有益),do harm to (对...有害)

例句:Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。

Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。

三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~ (对...造成一大威胁)

例句:Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.

污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。

三十五、do one‘s utmost to + V = do one‘s best (尽全力去...)

例句:We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.

我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。

常见标点符号的用法

句号 Period [.]

用以表示一个句子的结束

Hockey is a popular sport in Canada.

The federal government is based in Ottawa.

用在缩写中

B.C. is the province located on the West Coast.

Dr. Bethune was a Canadian who worked in China.

The company is located at 888 Bay St. in Toronto.

It is 4:00 p.m. in Halifax right now.

问号 Question Mark [?]

在句子的结尾使用问号表示是直接疑问句:

How many provinces are there in Canada?

注意:在间接疑问句结尾不要加问号:

The teacher asked the class a question.

Do not ask me why.

叹号 Exclamation Mark [!]

在句子的结尾使用叹号表示惊讶、兴奋等情绪:

We won the Stanley Cup!

The forest is on fire!

逗号 Comma [,]

句子中的停顿

Therefore, we should write a letter to the prime minister.

在疑问句中引出说话人:

”I can come today,“ she said, ”but not tomorrow.“

排列三个或以上的名词:

Ontario, Quebec, and B.C. are the three biggest provinces.

引出定语从句

Emily Carr, who was born in 1871, was a great painter.

单引号 Apostrophe [']

表示所有

This is David's computer.

These are the player's things. (things that belong to the player)

Note: 对于复数形式的名词,只加'

These are the players' things. (things that belong to the players)

缩写I don't know how to fix it.

[NextPage]

引号Quotation Marks [”]

直接引出某人说的话:

The prime minister said, “We will win the election.”

“I can come today,” she said, “but not tomorrow.”

冒号Colon [:]

引出一系列名词

There are three positions in hockey: goalie, defence, and forward.

引出一个较长的引语

The prime minister said: “We will fight. We will not give up. We will win the next election.”

分号Semicolon [;]

将两个相关的句子连接起来

The festival is very popular; people from all over the world visit each year.

和逗号一同使用引出一系列名词

The three biggest cities in Canada are Toronto, Ontario; Montreal, Quebec; and Vancouver, B.C.

破折号Dash [-]

在一个句子前作总结

Mild, wet, and cloudy - these are the characteristics of weather in Vancouver.

在一个句子的前面或后面加入额外的注释

The children - Pierre, Laura, and Ashley - went to the store. Most Canadians - but not all - voted in the last election.

表示某人在说话过程中被打断

The woman said, “I want to ask - ” when the earthquake began to shake the room.

连字符Hyphen [-]

连接两个单词

sweet-smelling

fire-resistant

将前缀

anti-Canadian

non-contact

在数字中使用

one-quarter

twenty-three

英语六级词汇与语法结构命题趋势

词汇命题趋势

《大学英语教学大纲修订稿》对大学英语基础阶段词汇教学的较高要求(六级)规定如下:

领会式掌握的'单词为5,500个,其中复合式掌握的单词为3,000个,以及由这些词构成的常用词组2000条(中学所掌握的单词和词组包括在内),并具有按照构词法识别生词的能力,领会式掌握是指看到英语单词能理解其词义,复合式掌握是指能正确拼写单词并掌握其基本词义和用法。大学英语六级测试就是检验学生是否达到了较高要求。

在大学英语六级考试中,词汇和语法同属一个考试项目,考试时间为20分钟,考试题数为30个,计分为每小题0.5分,其计15分。题目分配:30道题中,约60%(18道题)为词和短语的用法,约40%(12道题)为语法结构。可见,与四级测试相比而言,六级更重视词汇的测试。考试范围为教学大纲词汇表一至六级全部内容。测试词汇量大约5000~5300个单词及一定量的习语,涉及动词、动词短语、名词、形容词和副词等,目的是为了测试学生运用词、短语的能力。

从历年大学英语六级考试的试卷分析可以看出:词汇测试主要集中在词义的记忆与辨析、词汇的搭配与用法等项目上,归纳起来,可大致分为下列几种:?

1.同义、近义辨析题 词汇区别是词汇测试的一个重要方面,它主要是对同义词或近义词在含义与用法上进行区别。这类试题的选项是四个词性相同、词义相同或相近的词。测试的目的在于检测考生辨别词义和运用词汇的能力。词汇区别一直是学生在学习英语过程中遇到的一大难题。这主要是由于他们没有掌握汉英两种语言在词汇方面的差异,往往只注意英语的汉语释义,而忽略了其本身的内在涵义和用法。 eg. The driver of the lorry sustained only minor to legs and arms. A. hurt B. wound C. harm D. injury 答案 D。餐车司机的腿和胳膊只受了一些轻伤。这道题测试考生对同义词细微差别的辨别能力。四个选项中的名词都含有“伤害”之意,但它们之间还有语义使用范围上的细微差别。hurt多指“感情、精神”上的伤害。wound多指由枪炮等武器所造成的伤害。harm指危害、害伤。injury指在事故、战争中所受的伤害。根据题意,答案应选D。

2.近形词汇题 英语词汇中,有一些拼写很相似,但它们的词义或词性却不同。英语六级考试的一条重要命题规律就是用形近词来干扰考生作出正确选择。其目的是要检测考生辨别词形和运用词汇的能力。如果考生平时不善于对形近词进行自觉的对比,对它们的差异不甚了解,那就会在答题时绯徊不定,难以作出正确的选择,甚至张冠李戴。? eg.Though the long term cannot be predicted, the project has been approved by the committee. A.affect B.effect C.effort D.afford 答案 B。尽管工程的远期效果还无法预测,委员会还是批准了这项工程。这四个词拼写相似,但它们的词义或词性却不同。affect动词,意为“影响”;effect为名词,意为“效果”;effort名词,意为“努力”;afford动词,意为“负担得起;提供”。掌握了它们之间的这些差异,你会毫不犹豫地选择B。

3.词组与习惯用法辨析题 1)动词短语搭配 英语动词短语是英语的难点之一,它是由动词+副词、动词+介词、动词+副词+介词几种方式构成的惯用组合,具有自己独特的意义。其意义、语法、用法等常使考生感到困难。首先,动词短语的词义不是动词和副词、介词等小品词的简单组合,往往难以从字面上理解。其次,动词短语的使用场合及范围不易弄清楚。第三,同义、近义和反义的动词短语容易混淆。要学好英语,必须学会使用动词短语。测试动词短语的题目在词汇题中占有很大的比例,其目的是测试考生辨别和运用动词短语,尤其是同一动词所构成的不同动词短语的能力。? eg.The car won't start because the battery was ._______ A.run up B.run down C.run off D.run over 答案 B。蓄电池电力减弱了,因此汽车无法发动起来。这是一个因果关系的句子。“汽车为什么发动不起来?”原因是“电池电力减弱”。四个选项中,只有run down有“减弱”之意,其它三个选择项与本句意思不合。run up表示“增长”,run off“逃离”;run over“溢出”。如果考生掌握了这四个动词短语的含义,就会作出正确的选择了。?

2)习惯用语题 英语习语(English idiom)具有特有的、约定俗成的结构形式,如“步行”,可说on foot,不说by foot,而“乘车”要说by bus,不说on bus。再如anything but与nothing but两个词组意义完全不同anything but的基本意思是not at all,而nothing but的基本意思是only。英语中的习语令人眼花缭乱,其构成形式有的甚至无规律可循。它们通常由两个或两个以上的词组成,不能任意拆开。其意义常常不是单词意义的简单结合,而是另外具有新的意义。因此,应把词组作为一个整体来记。测试的目的是检验考生对常用词组的理解和运用能力。? eg.Please don't stand in the kitchen door, you're ______ . A.in a way B.by the way C.in no way D.in the way 答案 D。不要站在厨房门口,你挡路了。这四个选择项都是固定词组,都有自己的含义。in a way表示“在某种程度上或某点上”;by the way“顺便说一下”;in no way“决不”;in the way表示“挡路,妨碍”;“阻止”。根据题意答案应为D。学生面对这些貌似杂乱无章,没有规律可循的习惯表达法,一方面要广读多看,博词强记;另一方面还要会寻找规律,学会归纳,避免机械记忆而事倍功半。 总而言之,解答词汇题的先决条件是对词汇的理解和辨析。因此考生平时要注意弄清楚词的内涵和外部关系,尤其是要注意了解名词、动词、形容词等实词彼此之间以及它们与介词或副词之间的搭配关系。与此同时,还要留心词的惯用法,把习语作为一个整体储存在脑海里。

篇9:冠词语法讲解及练习题

一、冠词语法讲解

1. a用于辅音发音开头的词前, 如:a book; an用于元音发音开头的词前,如:an apple, an hour. 请区别:a useful machine, an umbrella, a “u”, an “h”。

2.指上文提到过的人或物,用定冠词the。

3.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the. 如:the sun, the moon, the earth。

4.the用于序数词,表方位的名词和形容词最高级前。the first, the best , in the south。

5.在复数姓氏前加the,表示××一家人,常看成复数。如:the Browns。

6.在介词短语中常用定冠词the,如:in the box ,behind the chair。

7.不能用定冠词the的几个方面: (1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如:in summer, in August 请区别:in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指,故加the)(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如:have breakfast ,play football

(3)一些固定词组中,如:go to bed ,go to school, by bus ,at night.

8.在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同,请注意区别:

in front of 在…前面, in the front of 在…范围内的前部

in hospital (生病)住院, in the hospital 在医院里。

二、练习题

1. When Linda was a child, her mother always let her have ______ bed.

A. the breakfast in B. the breakfast in the C. breakfast in D. breakfast in the

2. Beyond ______ stars the astronaut saw nothing but ______ space.

A. the, 不填 B. 不填,the C. 不填,不填 D. the, the

3. Alexander Graham Bell invented ________ telephone in 1876.

A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one

4. After watching ____ TV, she played _____ violin for an hour.

A. 不填,不填 B. the, the C. the, 不填 D. 不填,the

5. Many people are still in ____ habit of writing silly things in ____ public places.

A. the, the B. 不填,不填 C. the, 不填 D. 不填,the

6. Paper money was in ____ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ____ thirteenth century.

A. the, 不填 B. the, the C. 不填,the D. 不填,不填

7. Have you seen ______ pen? I left it here this morning.

Is it ____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.

A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a

8. She is _____ newcomer to ____ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.

A. the, the B. the, 不填 C. a, 不填 D. a, the

9. Many people agree that ___ knowledge of English is a must in ____ international trade today.

A. a, 不填 B. the, an C. the, the D. 不填,the

10. ______ usually go to church every Sunday.

A. The Brown B. A Brown C. Browns D. The Browns

11. The train is running fifty miles ______.

A. an hour B. one hour C. the hour D. a hour

12. ___ earth we live on is bigger than___ moon.

A. The, a B. The, the C. An, a D. An, the

13. — What’s the matter with you ?

—I caught ___ bad cold and had to stay in ___bed.

A. a, / B. a, the C. a, a D. the, the

14. —Do you know ___ lady in blue?

—Yes. She is a teacher of a university.

A. the B. a C. an D. /

15. —Where’s ___ nearest supermarket?

—It’s over there, just around the corner.

A. a B. an C. the D. /

16. The young man will work in ___ school as a maths teacher.

A. the B. a C. an D. /

17. Most of the representatives think that ______ the meeting was very successful.

A. on whole of B. on a whole C. on the whole D. on the whole that

18. The investigators found that more should be done for ______ in India.

A. those poor B. a poor C. poor D. the poor

19. He grabbed me ______ and pulled me onto the bus.

A. a arm B. an arm C. the arm D. by the arm

20. “How did you pay the workers?”

“As a rule, they are paid ______.”

A. by an your B. by the hour C. by a hour D. by hours

21. What _____ exciting football match! Our team beat Tom’s team at last.

A. a B. an C. the D. /

22. In the United States, Father’s Day falls on _____ third Sunday in _____ June.

A. the,不填 B. the, a C. 不填, the D. a, 不填

23. I have two dogs. ______ black one is two years old and ______ yellow one is three years old.

A. A, a B. The, a C. The, the D. A. the

24. ______ new bridge has been built over ______ Huangpu River.

A. The, a B. A, / C. A, the D. An, an

25. -What colour is ______ orange?

-It’s _____ orange.

A. an, an B. an, the C. an, / D. /, an

参考答案:

1. C 2. A。太空中的星体或世界上独一无二的东西前应加定冠词。Space作“宇宙空间”解时,也是抽象名词,通常不加冠词

3. C。作invent宾语的名词只能用“the+单数可数名词”,表示发明的某类东西。

4. D。watch TV是习惯搭配,不必用冠词。表示乐器的名词前应用定冠词。

5. C。in the habit of是习惯用语,正如in the morning, on the other hand一样,其中的定冠词不可或缺。Public places是复数名词短语,表示泛指概念,其前面不必用定冠词。

6. C。be in use是习语,在这习语中没有任何冠词。 Thirteenth是序数词,在序数词前应用定冠词。

7. D。问句和答语中的pen均非特指,而是泛指,故应用不定冠词。

8. C。newcomer是单数可数名词,泛指某类人中的一个,要用不定冠词。抽象名词或学科名称前不加任何冠词,chemistry是表示学科的抽象名词,因此前面不加the。

9. A。虽然knowledge是不可数名词,但有of English修饰,故用不定冠词。Trade是抽象名词,前面不应加the。

10. D 11. A 12. B 13. A

14. A。考查the 表示特指的用法。根据题意知道是特指“穿蓝色衣服的那个夫人”。

15. C。考查“the 用在形容词的最高级前”的用法。题意为“最近的超市在哪里?”

16-20 ADDDB 21-25 BACCC

篇10:英语冠词语法的知识点

a和an的区别

不定冠词有a和an两种形式,a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前,an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。

例如:a boy,a university;an hour,an apple,an umbrella

不定冠词的用法

1.泛指某一类人、事或物,这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。

A knife is a tool for cutting with.

Mr. Smith is an engineer.

2.泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。

A Mr. Li is waiting for you.

一位李先生在等你。

3.表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。

There is a book on the desk.

书桌上有一本书。

4.表示“每一”,相当于every.

I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。

5.用在序数词前,表示“又一”,“再一”。

I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.

我已经有三本书,我想买第四本。

6.用在某些固定词组中

用与不用冠词的差异

in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里

go to sea出海/go to the sea去海边

on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上,在世上

in front of在……(外部的)前面/in the front of在……(内部的)前面

take place发生/take the place(of)代替

at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁

by sea乘船/by the sea在海边

in future从今以后,将来/in the future未来

go to school(church…)上学(做礼拜…)/go to the school (church…)到学校(教堂…)去

on horseback骑着马/on the horseback在马背上

two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人)

out of question毫无疑问/out of the question不可能的,办不到的

next year明年/the next year 第二年

a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)

篇11:英语冠词语法的知识点

定冠词的用法

1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物,这是定冠词的基本用法。

The girl under the tree is my sister.

树下的女孩是我妹妹。

2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。

Open the window,please.请打开窗户。

3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。

I have a car. The car is red.

我有一辆小汽车,它是红色的。

4.指世界上独一无二的事物。

Which is bigger,the sun or the earth?

哪一个大,太阳还是地球?

5.用在序数词,形容词最高级前。

The first lesson is the easiest one in this book.

第一课是这本书最简单的一课。

6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。

the great wall 长城,the united states美国

7.用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人。

the poor穷人,the blind盲人

8用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。

the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩

9.用在方位词前。

on the left在左边,in the middle of在中间

10.用在乐器名称前。

She plays the piano every day.她每天弹钢琴。

11.用在表示海洋,河流,山脉,群岛及国家和党派等名词前。

the black sea黑海,the yangzi river长江

12.用在某些固定词组中

篇12:英语冠词语法的知识点

零冠词的用法

1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。

Class two二班,Tian’an men square天安门广场,water水

2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my,your,his,her等)、指示代词(this/these,that/those)、不定代词(some,any等)及所有格限制时。

my book(正);my the book(误)

3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。

They are teachers.他们是老师。

Tigers like meat.老虎喜欢吃肉

4.在星期,月份,季节,节日前。

on sunday在周日,in march在三月,in spring在春天,on women’s day在妇女节

(特例:如果月份,季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时,则要加定冠词:he joined the army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军。)

5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。

Tom汤姆,mum妈妈

6.在学科名称、三餐饭和球类运动名称前。

I have lunch at school every day.

特例:当football,basketball指具体的某个球时,其前可以用冠词:i can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。where’s the football?那只足球在哪儿?(指足球,并非“球类运动”)

7.在表特定的公园,街道,车站,桥,学校等之前。

No.25 middle school

8.某些固定词组中不用冠词。

(1)与by连用的交通工具名称前:by bus乘公共汽车;by car乘汽车;by bike骑/坐自行车;by train乘火车;by air/plane乘飞机;by sea/ship乘船,但take a bus,in a boat,on the bike前需用冠词

(2)名词词组:day and night日日夜夜;brother and sister兄弟姐妹;hour after hour时时刻刻;here and there到处

(3)介词词组:at home在家;in surprise惊奇地;at noon在中午;on foot步行;at night在晚上;on duty值日;at work在工作;on time准时;for example例如;in class在上课;on show展览;in bed在床上

(4)go短语:go home回家;go to bed上床睡觉;go to school去上学;go to work去上班;go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼

篇13:考研英语:语法(冠词及用法)

考研英语:语法大全(冠词及用法)

英语冠词

冠词分不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种,一般无句子重音。

1)不定冠词a,an

a) a和an均用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物中的“一个”,相当于汉语的“一”,但不强调数目观念。

b) a用在辅音之前,an用在元音之前。如:a notebook一个笔记本,a cigarette一支香烟,an old man一位老人,an English class一堂英语课。

字母u读作[ju:]时,由于第一个音[j]是辅音,故前面用a,不用an。如:a useful book一本有用的书,a university一所大学。字母h如不发音,第一个音又是元音,前面用an而不用a,如an hour [?n'au?]一小时,an honest [?n' nist] person一个诚实的'人。

c) a和an在句中分别弱读作[E]和[En]。

2)定冠词the

a)表示某一类人或事物中的“某一个”或“某一些”,相当于汉语的“这”或“那”。

b)不论单数名词或复数名词,也不论可数名词或不可数名词,前面都可以用the。

c)在元音前读[Ti],辅音前读[TE]。如the evening [Ti5:vniN] (傍晚),the car [TEkB:] (汽车);在元音字母u发[ju:]和半元音字母。y发[j]时,仍读[?TE]。如the unit [TE5ju:nit] (单位),the yard [TEjB:d] (院子)。

英语中不定冠词a (an)的用法

1)指一个人、动物或一件事物属于某一类。如:

Xiao Xu's father is a miner.小徐的父亲是矿工。(而不是其他工种)

Give me a ballpen , please.请给我一支圆珠笔。(而不是钢笔或其他种类)

2)指任何一个人、动物或一件事物。如:

A steel worker makes steel.钢铁工人炼钢。(意即任何一个钢铁工人都炼钢)

A triangle has three angles.三角形有三个角。(意即任何一个三角形都有三个角)

3)指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:

He comes from a firm in Beijing.他来自北京某一家公司。

A young man wants to see you.有个青年人要见你。

A car stopped in front of the gate.一辆汽车停在大门前。

4)不定冠词还可指“事物的单位”,如“每日”、“每斤”等。如:

Butter is 4 yuan a kilo.黄油四元钱一公斤。

He drove the car at 18 miles an hour.他行车速度为每小时十八英里。

The Chinese Export Commodities Fair is held in Guangzhou twice a year.中国出口商品交易会每年在广州举行两次。

The doctor told him to take the medicine three times a day. 医生叫他一天吃三次药。

篇14:英语冠词的语法基础

英语冠词的语法基础

冠词可分为不定冠词和定冠词两种形式。 不定冠词有 a, an。 定冠词有 the. 其中, a 用在发音以辅音开头的名词之前, 而 an 则 用在 发音以元音开头的名词之前。不定冠词的用法:

1) 表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用,表示一个。

I gave1 him a book yesterday.

我昨天给了他一本书。

I am reading2 an interesting story .

我在读一本有趣的故事书。

I have got3 a ticket.

我有一张票。

There is a tree in front of my house.

我的屋前有一棵树。

2) 表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。

A horse is useful4 to mankind5.

马对人类有用。

A bird can fly.

鸟会飞。

A steel6 worker makes steel.

炼钢工人炼钢。

3) 不定冠词用在事物的“单位”前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前,表示 “每一”。

We often go to school two times a day.

我们常常一天两次去学校。

I went to the library once a week at least7.

我一星期至少去一次图书馆。

The potato is sold8 at about 30 fen9 a jin.

土豆卖三毛钱一斤。

4) 不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。

A boy came10 to see you a moment ago.

刚才有一个小孩来找你。

I got this tool11 in a shop.

我在商店买的这件工具。

We need a car now.

我们现在需要一辆车。

She is ill, she has to see a doctor.

她病了,她得去看病。

5) 不定冠词用于某些词组。

a few12 几个 a little 有点

She has a few friends in this city.

她在这个城市中有几个朋友。

There is a little milk in the bottle.

瓶子里有点牛奶。

Only a few students are in the classroom.

只有几个学生在教室里。

定冠词的用法。

1) 定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以区别于同类中其他的人或事物。

The bag in the desk is mine.

桌子里的书包是我的。

Is this the book you are looking for?

这是你要找的书吗?

Do you know the man in back?

你知道穿黑色衣服的人是谁吗?

It is not the car we are looking for.

这不是我们要找的车。

The man has found13 his child.

那个人找到了他的孩子。

2) 定冠词用来指上文中已提到过的人或事物。

I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs14 15 yuan.

我从新华书店买了一本书. 这本书值十五元。

I saw15 a film yesterday.The film was16 ended at eight o'clock.

我昨天看了一场电影。电影八点钟结束的。

Lucy bought a radio yesterday, but she found something was wrong with the radio.

露西昨天买了一台收音机,但是她发现收音机有问题。

3) 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前。

the sun the moon the earth17

the sky the world the winter night

The sun is bigger than the moon.

太阳比月亮大。

I can see a bird in the sky.

我能看到天空中有一只小鸟。

I like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening.

我愿晚上在明亮的月光下散步。

4) 定冠词与单数名词连用,表示这一类人或物。

The dog is not too danger18.

狗不太危险。

The cat is an animal.

猫是一种动物。

The umbrella in the shop is very cheap in this season.

这个季节商店里的雨伞很便宜。

5) 定冠词与某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化, 表示某一类人。

the poor, the rich, the wounded19, the sick, the deaf20.

The wounded were brought21 to the hospital.

受伤者被送到了医院。

He always helps the poor.

他经常帮助穷人。

The deaf can go to this special school.

耳聋者可以进这所特殊学校上学。

6) 用在序数词, 形容词最高级和表示方位的名词前。

This is the biggest city in China I have ever22 visited.

这是我在中国参观的最大的城市。

I saw a plane coming from the east.

我看见一架飞机从东方飞来。

He is the last one to help me.

他不会来帮助我的。

7) 定冠词用在演奏乐器的名称和文艺活动,运动场所的名称前。

The little girl likes to play the violin.

小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。

They are going23 to the cinema tonight.

他们今晚要去影院看电影。

The theater24 was on fire last week.

剧院昨天着火了。

8) 定冠词用在报刊,杂志的名称的名词之前。

I am reading the China Daily25 now.

我现在正读中国日报。

Have you got the Evening Paper yet26?

你拿到晚报了吗?

The Times is a foreign27 newspaper.

泰晤士报是一家外国报纸。

The Peking Review28 is on the desk.

北京周报在桌子上放着。

9) 定冠词用在江河,海洋,山脉,群岛的名称之前。

We live near the Yellow River.

我们住在黄河边上。

The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China.

长江是中国最大的河。

The Himalayas is located29 in Tibet30.

喜马拉雅山位于西藏。

10) 定冠词用在姓名复数之前,表示一家人。

The Greens is very kind to us.

格林一家人待我们很好。

The Whites like the classic31 music.

怀特一家喜欢古典音乐。

不用冠词的场合。

1) 专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词之前一般不用冠词。

China is a largest country in the world.

中国是世界上最大的国家。

I think water is a kind of food, too.

我认为水也是一种食物。

Cotton32 feels soft.

棉花摸起来柔软。

2) 表示日常餐食名词之前不用冠词,但如果指具体的饮食时用定冠词 the。

It's time for breakfast.

该吃早饭了。

What do you have for lunch?

你午饭吃点什么?

The dinner I had33 at that restaurant was expensive.

我在那家饭店吃的饭很贵。

3) 在季节,月份,星期,节日。球类运动,棋类游戏的名词之前不用冠词。

Summer is hot and winter is cold here.

这儿夏天热冬天冷。

New Year's Day is coming.

新年就要到啦。

Today is the first day of May.

今天是五月的第一天。

We are going to play basketball this afternoon.

今天下午我们要去打篮球。

We don't like bridge34 very much.

我们不太喜欢桥牌。

4)语言的名称前不用冠词。

Can you speak English?

你会讲英语吗?

It's difficult to learn Chinese well.

要学好中文很难。

Tom knows English but he doesn't know French35.

汤姆懂英语但不懂法语。

5) 某些固定词组不用冠词。

by air, on foot, at night, after school, at home, go to class, in fact36, from morning till37 night.

I'm going to Chicago38 by air next week.

下周我要乘飞机去芝加哥。

I go to school on foot .

我步行去学校上学。

In fact, I don't know him at all.

实际上,我一点也不认识他。

He is at home today.

他今天在家。

篇15:高三语法复习之冠词

语法复习专题(2)

Unit2 冠词

一、考点聚焦

1.不用冠词的情况

(1)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前,一般不加冠词。

China , America, Smith

Air is matter.

(2)可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时,不加冠词。

This dictionary is mine.

(3)季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。

March, May Day, National Day, Children’s Day, Women’s Day

Have you had supper?

Spring is the best season of the year.

(4)称呼语或指家用雇用的nurse、cook等名词前及表示头衔职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时,一般不加冠词。

What’s this, Father? We made him our chairman.

Ask nurse to put the child to bed. Professor Li.

(5)学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。

Do you study physics?

He likes playing football/chess.

(6)复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。

They are peasants/ workers.

(7)在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。

by car, by bus,by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land

但:take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/ bus需注意。

(8)某些固定词组中不用冠词。

①名词词组中:

husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork

②介词词组中:

to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to,at, from)university(college),to(in, into, from)church, to(in,into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town,at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot

注意:在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。

in hospital 住院(因病)

in the hospital在医院(工作、参观等)

in front of在前面,指某物体之外

in the front of在前部,指某物之内

in charge负责,主管 out of question没问题

in the charge由……负责 out of the question不可能

(9)as引导的让步状语从句中,作表语的名词不带冠词。

Child as she is, she knows a lot of French.

(10)系动词turn(作“变成”解)后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。

The young girl has turned writer.

= The young girl has become a writer.

(11)在单数名词 + after + 同一单数名词(表示“一个接一个”)结构中,单数可数名词前不加冠词。

She did experiment after experiment.

类似的还有:shop after shop, mistake after mistake

(12)形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。

①“most + 形容词原级”作“十分、非常、极”解时,前面不用定冠词。

Oh, it’s most beautiful.

②当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时,第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。

She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.

③当形容词最高级作表语,不表示与其他人或物相比时,其前不用定冠词。

The market in the country is busiest in winter.

④形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时,不能用定冠词。

A wolf in a sheep’s skin is our most dangerous enemy.

⑤序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第……”之意,但在second、third等词前加不定冠词表示“又一,再一”之意。

…why you took a second arrow

注意:下句中“a first”表示“第一名、冠军”。

He is a top student in our class, he often gets a first in maths.

(13)no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后面的名词不用冠词。

No such thing has ever happened in this village.

(14)never、ever置于作主语的名词前,这些名词前不用冠词。

Never did student study so hard.这个学生从未学得这么认真。

(15)有时为了节省空间、时间、金钱和精力,或为了引起注意力,省去a(n)或the,这主要用于新闻标题、工商业文件、广告、电报、公告、提纲、书名等。

Conference opens.会议召开了。

2.定冠词的使用情况

(1)使用定冠词的一般情况。

①特指或第二次提到。

②序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前。

③用于表示发明物的单数名词前或某些专有名词前。

(2)定冠词使用特殊的场合。

① He hit him in the face.

beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head② the rich, the poor, the wounded 富人,穷人,伤员

③ the elder of the two, he more beautiful of the two两者中较年长的一位,较漂亮的一个

④ The sooner, the better.越快越好。

⑤ He got paid by the hour.他是按小时付工钱的。

by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year…

但:by weight按重量

⑥ in the 50s /in the 1870s(表示年代)

⑦ the Smiths/the Whites(表示一家人或夫妇俩)

⑧ in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/

rain

⑨ tell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home

⑩ 当抽象名词表示某一特定内容,特别是当它有一限定性修饰语时,

它与定冠词连用:

She is fond of music.

He is playing the music written by Beethoven.

Good advice is beyond price.

I’m sorry not to have taken the advice he gave.

3.不定冠词常用的几种情况

(1)表示“一”相当于“one”。I’ll return in a day or two.

(2)表示“每”相当于“per”。We have three meals a day.

(3)表示“同一性”相当于“the same”。The children are of an age.

(4)表示类指,表示“某类”。He wants to he a doctor.

(5)表示泛指,相当于“any”。A horse is a useful animal.

(6)表示某一个,相当于“a certain”。A Mr. Smith is asking to see you.

(7)与抽象名词连用,可以表示“一场、一次、一件”,如:a pleasure一件乐事,a surprise一件令人惊讶的事,a joy一件高兴的事,a pity一件遗憾的事,an honour一个(件)经以为荣的人(事)。

(8)与物质名词连用,表示“一种,一阵、一份”。

What a heavy rain!

What a good supper!

Please give me a black coffee!

4.冠词表类别的常见方式

(1)定冠词 + 单数可数名词,表示一个,代表一类。

The computer was invented in 1945.

The TV set was invented by Joan Baird.

The horse is a useful animal.

(2)不定冠词 + 单数可数名词(表示任意一个,某一个)。

A pen is a tool for writing.

A square has four sides.

A horse is a useful animal.

注意:man, woman表示泛指时,不用冠词,且常用单数。如:

Man is fighting a battle against pollution.

Man tries to be the protector of woman.

(3)可数名词或不可数名词,指类别(考虑到同类中的各个情况)。

Horses are useful animals.

Rice is a kind of food.

5.冠词位置问题

(1)不定冠词 + 副词 + 形容词 + 名词。

This is a very interesting story.

(2)such、what、both、all、quite、rather +不定冠词+形容词+名词。

I’ve never seen such a film!

Half a pound of pork,please!

What a good idea it is!

(3)as、so、too、how、however、enough+形容词+不定冠词+名词。

It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.

I can’t finish the task in so short a time.

This seems not too long a distance.

We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out.

However low te price you paid,you waste your money.

He is brave enough a hunter to kill the bear.

(4)定冠词位置。

①half、twice、three times + the + 名词

He paid twice the price for it.

Their house is three times the size of yours.

②all、both、double + the + 名词

Both the blind men were mistaken.

All the students in our class are eager to know the secret.

I offered him double the amount, but he still refused.

二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1.The warmth of ____________sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ___________wool used.(NMET 2001)

A.The ; the B.the ; / C./; the D./; /

解析:答案为B。第一空格为特指,交待the warmth的内容,第二空格为泛指,the sort of wool used所用羊毛的种类。此题有三点需注意:①正确理解sweater 这一句词在句中的类别。②掌握determine在句中作“决定”、“取决于”这个意思。③掌握定冠词表特指的基本用法。

2.Most animals have little connection with_________animals of___________different kind unless they kill them for food.(NMET 2000)

A.the … a B./ … a C.the … the D./ … the

解析:答案为B。名词复数表类别,其前不用冠词,故第一个空格不填冠词,表不定概念的“一种”,“某种”要用不定冠词a。要准确掌握冠词表类别的三种表达方式和不定冠词常用的几种情况,见前面要点考点聚

焦内容。

3.Paper money was in___________use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in __________thirteenth century.(NMET1999)

A.the … / B.the … the C./ … the D./ … /

解析:答案为C。题中in use是固定搭配,意为“在使用”,use为抽象名词,其前不用冠词。后者是序数词前用定冠词the。要牢记一些固定搭配如in use、under construction(在建设中)、in debt(欠债)、come to power(执政)、on fire(着火)、at table(用餐)、out of work(失业)等。

4.When you come here for your holiday next time don’t go to hotel; I can find you bed in my flat.

A. the; a B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. a; 不填

解析:答案为C。考定语从句。主句部分应是The English play at the New Year’s party was a great success. 从句补全为独立句子就是my students acted in the play.所以应选in which,其余介词不妥。

5.-John, there is Mr. Wilson on the phone for you.

-I’m in bath.

A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填

解析:答案为A。本题考查冠词用法。a+姓名,表示“一个叫……的人”;in the bath在浴室。

篇16:语法题析(1)----冠词

冠词常考题型及解题要点

1.不定冠词a与an的区别

解题要点 “a”后面接以辅音开始的字词“an”后面接以元音开始的字词。当A、B、C、D四个选择答案中出现有a或an,应首先察看它后面的单词,以判断此不定冠词是否正确。

例题分析

(1) The Montreal International Exposition, “Expo. 67” was applauded for displaying an degree of taste superior to that of similar expositions.

(答案) an degree 改为a degree。

(2) If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can combine chemically with other atoms.

(答案) a atom改为an atom

(3) Since the beginning of this century the United States government has played an role in the supervision and use of the nation‘s natural resources.

(答案) an role改为a role

(4) A electric current can consist of charges that are positive, negative, or both.

(答案) A election改为An election

2. 可数名词前面通常要有冠词或其它限定形容词, 非泛指的可数名词一般不能独立存在

例题分析

(A) A march is highly rhythmic piece of music first used by military bands to accompany marching.

(答案) 名词短语 piece of music 前面应加不定冠词:a highly rhythmic piece of music

(2) The sonometer is instrument used to study the mathematical relations of harmonic tones.

(答案) 改为an instrument, instrument为可数名词,前面应有冠词。

(3) Accounting is described as art of classifying, recording, and reporting significant financial events.

(答案) 名词art,表示“一门艺术”这个概念时,应加冠词。此句应改为an art。

3.冠词的错误使用或遗漏

例题分析

(1) The Yukon River, which fllows into the Baring Sea, gives its name to a region of Alaska and a territory of the Canada.

(答案) 删掉定冠词the. Canada是专有名词,无需加冠词。表示“国家”“城市”“人物”等概念的专有名词前不加冠词。

(2) Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920’s was concerned with the depicting the experience of urban Black people in the United States.

(答案) 删除冠词the。动名词前不应加冠词。特别是当这个动名词带有宾语,它的动词属性更强烈,因而不能加冠词。

(3) Some geologists predict that, by end of the next century, movement along the San Andreas Fault will have caused part of California to separate from the continent

(答案) 加入定冠词the,组成固定短语by the end。含冠词的词组不能随意删除或更换。

(4) At a first, the scientific method may appear to be a narrow and restrictive way of gaining.

(答案) 删除不定冠词a。At first为固定短语结构,不能随意添入冠词。

(5) Seven of planets rotate in the same direction as their orbital motions, while Venus and Uranus rotate in the opposite direction.

(答案) 此句的planets特指太阳系中的九大行星,故应加入定冠词the,即Seven of the planets……。

篇17:小学英语冠词语法点解析

小学英语冠词语法点解析

1、不定冠词:a、an。用在单数名词前,表示“一个,一件……”。an用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。如:

an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour…

2、定冠词:the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。它的.基本用法:

(1)用来表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:The map on the wall is new.

(2)表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如:Look at the picture, please.

(3)表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如:This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.

(4)用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如:the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the earth地球

(5)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:the Great Wall长城

(6)用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如:the Changjiang River长江

小学英语冠词语法点解析

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语法教案:冠词(共17篇)

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