“zzzzk888”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了9篇英语翻译技巧之“范畴词”的译法，下面是小编整理后的英语翻译技巧之“范畴词”的译法，欢迎阅读分享，希望对大家有所帮助。
- 目录
篇1：英语翻译技巧之“范畴词”的译法
汉语命名中倾向于加范畴词，如 问题、状态、情况、工作，有时本身没有实质的意义，翻译时可以省去不译。
例：总之，就全国范围来说，我们一定能够逐步顺利解决沿海同内地贫富差距的问题。
In short, taking the country as a whole, we are certainly able to settle the problem regarding the the wealth gap between the coastal and hinterland areas gradually and smoothly.
改译： In short, taking the country as a whole, I am confident that we can gradually bridge the gap bewteen coastal and inland areas.
贫富差距的问题，如果直译为 the problem regarding the wealth gap 显然并没有错，但比较罗嗦，因为差距本身就是一个问题，因此在翻译中可将范畴词 问题删除。
译文二考虑到前文（这是邓选中的）已经谈到贫富差距问题，因此又删除了wealth，仅保留了 the gap，意思仍然清楚
篇2：考研英语翻译重点之反译法
考研英语翻译重点之反译法
中国大学网考研：一个问题有时可以从不同的角度来解释说明。有些句子英语是从正面说的，汉语可以从反面来解释。1)否定译成肯定。
Eg：
I never passed the theatre but I thought of his last performance.每一次经过那家剧院，我都会想起他的最后一次演出。
Eg：
Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among U.S. citizens.美国公民科盲日益严重，这种调查报告几乎月月都有。(双重否定)
2)肯定译成否定。
Eg：
Everyone has the right to be free from hunger.人人有不挨饿的权利。
Eg：
This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗、投入少数农民就可能获得高产的美国耕种方式继续下去了。
Eg：
The target is wrong， for in attacking the tests， critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。
定语从句翻译法
1)合译法：把定语从句放在被修饰的词语之前，从而将英语复合句翻译成汉语单句。
Eg：
Congress made public a survey of human rights in 105 countries that receive U.S. aid.国会公布了关于接受美国援助的105个国家的****情况调查报告。
2)分译法：根据定语从句的不同情况，我们可以将其翻译成并列分句、其它从句或独立句等。
Eg：
Anyone who stops absorbing new knowledge is certain to lag behind.任何人如果停止吸取新知识，就肯定会落后。(译为条件状语从句)
The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships which require assistance of tugboats.罢工会使远洋航船不能靠岸，因为他们需要拖船的帮助。(译成原因状语从句)
A geological prospecting engineer who had made a spectral analysis of ores discovered a new open-cut coalmine.一位地质勘探工程师对光谱进行了分析之后，发现了新的`露天煤矿。(译为时间状语结构)
The delivery of public services has tended to be an area where we decorate an obsolete process with technology.公共服务的提供方式已趋陈旧，这正是我们必须采用技术加以装备的领域。(译为并列分句)
We now live in a very new economy， a service economy， where relationships are becoming more important than physical products.现在我们正生活于一种全新的经济，即服务性经济中，各种关系越来越比物质产品更为重要。(译为并列分句)
主语从句翻译法
1)以that， what， who， where， whatever等代词引导的主语从句，可以将从句翻译成“的”字结构。
Eg：It is important that science and technology be pushed forward as quickly as possible.重要的是要把科学技术搞上去。
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.凡是犯法的人都要受到法律的制裁。(主语从句与主句合译成简单句，按顺序译出)
2)也可以译成“主-谓-宾”结构，从句本身做句子的主语，其余部分按原文顺序译出。
Eg：
Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之)often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.政府究竟是以牺牲对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。
3)分译法：把原来的状语从句从整体结构中分离出来，译成另一个相对独立得单句。
Eg：
It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.这个局势对国际安全是个威胁，这样的说法是完全正确的。(It是形式主语，that this situation is a threat to international security是真正的宾语)
宾语从句翻译法
由that, what, how, where等词引导的宾语从句一般按照原文顺序翻译，即顺译法。
Eg：
Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged.科学家们有理由认为人可以忍受远超过0.1雷姆的辐射而不受伤害。
Eg：
We wish to inform you that we specialize in the export of Chinese textiles and shall be glad to enter into business relations with you on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.我公司专门办理中国纺织品出口业务，并愿在平等互利的基础上同贵公司建立业务关系。
■篇3：考研英语翻译难点之代词的译法
考研英语翻译难点之代词的译法
中文中善用名词或省略，英文中常常用代词指代，因此在翻译中代词翻译的技巧在于灵活地还原出代词在文中指代的意义。老师在这里通过真题例句，重点讲解考研中常考的三类代词的译法。
(一)人称代词及物主代词的指代
【真题例句】
Additional social stress may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
【解析】
从结构来看，该句because of 的后边接两个名词短语the population explosion和problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport来表示原因。其中，第二个名词短语又含有一个短语themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport,来补充说明mass migration movements。因此，这里的代词themselves 指代名词短语mass migration movements。
【参考译文】由于人口的猛增或大量的人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流通变得相对容易)造成的种种问题也回对社会造成新的压力。
(二)不定代词的指代
【真题例句】
While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
【解析】
不定代词one 指代名词短语definition of history。在这里one 和物主代词及人称代词在指代名词方面有所不同， one 指代上文出现的名词的同类名词，其中，one 表示单数，ones表示复数;而物主代词及人称代词必须指代上文中出现的名词本身，所以单复数必须一致。比如这里若要用人称代词，则必须用 they/them来指代上文中复数形式的definitions of history。
【参考译文】几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的.实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其作出解释。
(三)指示代词的指代
【真题例句】
Everybody has a responsibility to the society of which he is a part and through this to mankind.
【解析】
这里的this指代前面的a responsibility to the society，如果只是译成“这个”，则会造成语义不明。在to mankind之前省去了Everybody has a responsibility (to)。
【参考译文】每个人都对他所属的社会负有责任，并且通过对社会负责任，而对人类负有责任。
篇4：考研英语翻译难点之代词的译法
2014考研英语翻译难点之代词的译法
中文中善用名词或省略，英文中常常用代词指代，因此在翻译中代词翻译的技巧在于灵活地还原出代词在文中指代的意义。本文通过真题例句，为考生们重点分析考研中常考的三类代词的译法。
(一)人称代词及物主代词的指代
【真题例句】
Additional social stress may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
【解析】
从结构来看，该句because of 的后边接两个名词短语the population explosion和problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport来表示原因。其中，第二个名词短语又含有一个短语themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport,来补充说明mass migration movements。因此，这里的代词themselves 指代名词短语mass migration movements。
【参考译文】由于人口的猛增或大量的人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流通变得相对容易)造成的种种问题也回对社会造成新的压力。
(二)不定代词的指代
【真题例句】
While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
【解析】
不定代词one 指代名词短语definition of history。在这里one 和物主代词及人称代词在指代名词方面有所不同， one 指代上文出现的名词的同类名词，其中，one 表示单数，ones表示复数;而物主代词及人称代词必须指代上文中出现的名词本身，所以单复数必须一致。比如这里若要用人称代词，则必须用 they/them来指代上文中复数形式的definitions of history。
【参考译文】几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的.实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其作出解释。
(三)指示代词的指代
【真题例句】
Everybody has a responsibility to the society of which he is a part and through this to mankind.
【解析】
这里的this指代前面的a responsibility to the society，如果只是译成“这个”，则会造成语义不明。在to mankind之前省去了Everybody has a responsibility (to)。
【参考译文】每个人都对他所属的社会负有责任，并且通过对社会负责任，而对人类负有责任。
网校课程推荐
考研教育网考研政治冲刺辅导全面招生
考研教育网20考研英语冲刺辅导全面招生
考研教育网2014年考研数学冲刺辅导全面招生
篇5：中级笔译翻译技巧之增译法
名师指导：中级笔译翻译技巧之增译法
英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中，而且应该用得更加熟练，因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。
增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语(论坛)句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如：
(1)What about calling him right away?
马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何? (增译主语和谓语)
(2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.
要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)
(3) Indeed, the reverse is true
实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词)
(4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。
Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词)
(5)只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。
While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增译连词)
(6)这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。
This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词)
(7)在人权领域，中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。
In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增译暗含词语)
(8)三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增译注释性词语)
翻译资格考试笔译二级测试题：西游记
一日，悟空酒醉，在树下酣然入睡，忽然来了两个人，不由分说将悟空灵魂捆绑起来。他们连拉带扯将他带到一个城门口，只见城门上方有一牌匾，上书: “幽冥界”。悟空大惊失色问到：“幽冥界不是阎罗王住的地方吗?
你们为何带我来此?”One day, Wukong got drunk and fell asleep under a tree. Suddenly, two persons arrived and roped his soul without saying a word. They pulled and pushed him to a gate over which there was a tablet reading “You Ming Jie” literally meaning “The Underworld”. Wukong panicked and demanded: “Isn’t this where Death5 lives? Why bring me here?”
那两人说：“你阳寿已尽，所以我们来取你魂魄。”悟空大怒， 掏出金箍棒，将他们打死。悟空怒气未消，抡起金箍棒直打进城里。阎罗王听说有人打进城里赶紧过来看个明白。
They answered: “Your living days have run out so we are to fetch your soul. ” Wukong flew into a towering rage, took out his weapon, and killed them. Being still angry he waved the stick and broke into the underworld town. A山er hearing that someone has broken in, Death decided to find out what had happened.
悟空对着阎王喊道：“我乃花果 山水帘洞的孙悟空，已修得长生不老之术，你为何还派人勾我魂魄?”
Wukong roared at Death: “My name is Sun Wukong; I come from Water Curtain Cave, Hua Guo Shan; I have already acquired immortal magic; Why did you still send for my soul?”
阎王忙命人取来生死簿，找到悟空名字，只见上面写道：“孙悟空，石猴，寿命三百四十岁。” 悟空心中不服，一把抓起毛笔， 将自己和许多猴子的名字涂抹掉。然后他离开地府
Death hurriedly had the Book of Births and Deaths fetched, found his name and saw this — Sun Wukong, rock monkey, life of 340 years. Thinking this was wrong, Wukong grabbed a writing brush and crossed off the names of himself and many other monkeys and then le山.
悟空自从强取金箍棒，乱涂生死簿之后威名远扬。但龙王和阎王对他咬牙切齿，向玉帝奏报了悟空的罪行。Since Wukong extorted his gold band stick, and messed up the Book of Births and Deaths, he had made quite a name for himself. But Dragon King and Death hated him to guts and reported his criminalities to Yu Di .
玉帝开会商讨如何处置孙悟空， 大家意见各异，气氛热烈。此时， 太白金星启奏：“这石猴乃天地所生，有降龙伏虎的本事，捉其不易，不如召他入朝，安排官职， 以安其心。”玉帝首肯，并派太白金星完成此事。
Yu Di called a meeting to discuss how to handle Sun Wukong. Opinions varied and the discussion was heated. Then Tai Bai Jin Xing, a popular lovable old man in Chinese mythology, proposed: “This rock monkey is related to Heaven and quite powerful. It’s not easy to catch him. We might engage him and settle him down.” Yu Di approved and sent him to do it.
听闻玉帝欲授他官衔，悟空满心欢喜，随太白金星上了天庭。玉帝封他做“弼马温”负责管理神马。悟空兢兢业业，悉心照料马匹。半月之后，他获悉“弼马温” 乃下贱之位，怒从心起，弃岗而去，回到水帘洞。
Hearing that Yu Di would give him a title he was pleased and followed Tai Bai Jin Xing to the heavenly court. His rank was Bi Ma Wen, a position responsible for taking care of horses. Wukong worked heart and soul. Half a month later, a山er learning that his rank was low and not respected he became angry, deserted his post and returned to Water Curtain Cave.
悟空将遭遇讲与部下，部下皆为他不平。有人说：“大王本事与天齐，我看大王可做齐天大圣。从此悟空便自称“齐天大圣”又将写有“齐天大圣”的大旗立于洞前。悟空擅离天庭的消息不胫而走，玉帝派天兵天将来捉他， 哪吒变成三头六臂来打悟空，悟空照做，几番激战天兵败下阵来最后铩羽而归。
Wukong shared his misery with his followers and they felt sorry for him. Someone suggested: ”“King, you are invincible. I think you deserve to be Qi Tian Da Sheng, literally As Great as Heaven.” Wukong accepted and erected a name flag in front of the cave. The news of Wukong leaving heavenly court without permission spread out and Yu Di sent an army to bring him back. Ne Zha, a popular powerful young boy in Chinese mythology, turned himself into a monster with three heads and six arms to fight Wukong but Wukong did the same. A山er several rounds of battle the army was defeated and retreated.
玉帝召开紧急会议商讨此事。太白金星又说：“该妖猴自称齐天大圣，我们不妨给他个空衔，即可避免一战。”玉帝准奏，再一次将孙悟空召上天庭，赐他“齐天大圣”的头衔。
Yu Di called an emergency meeting to discuss this. Tai Bai Jin Xing said: “This damn monkey wants to be Qi Tian Da Sheng, we might as well give him that empty title to avoid a war.” Yu Di agreed and summoned Sun Wukong for the second time and created him Qi Tian Da Sheng.
20翻译资格考试笔译二级测试题：西游记
受封齐天大圣后悟空每日逍遥自在，如熊孩子般四处捣乱。众人不堪其扰，奏报玉帝：如此下去恐生恶果。玉帝便派他管理蟠桃园。
Since given the new title, Sun Wukong had great fun every day, monkeying about like a naughty boy. Everyone was annoyed and reported to Yu Di that serious consequences might occur if things went on like this. Therefore, Yu Di asked him to run Pan Tao Yuan, the flat-peach orchard.
蟠桃园隶属王母，其桃若千年才熟一次，凡人吃了可以成仙。悟空不再四处闲逛，时常带手下官员在桃园赏玩景色。一日，他看到白里透红的仙桃，心里痒痒， 把旁人支开，偷吃了个够。从此, 一发不可收拾。
The orchard belonged to the Queen, whose peaches took several thousand years to ripen and eating one of them could make ordinary people immortal. Wukong stopped rambling about to enjoy the beautiful scenery with his inferiors. One day, tempted by the peaches, pink and white, he turned away others and ate to his heart’s content secretly. Therea山er, he became addicted.
不久之后，王母要举办盛会便命七仙女去摘蟠桃。七仙女寻不到悟空，和看园人打个招呼便进去摘桃了，却发现罕有熟桃，因为熟果已被悟空偷吃。
Before long, the Queen wanted to throw a grand party so she ordered her seven daughters to pick peaches. They couldn’t find Sun Wukong so they went straight inside to pick peaches a山er greeting the caretaker but found most of the peaches green because Wukong had eaten the ripe ones.
好不容易看到一个又大又红的桃子，七仙女连忙伸手欲摘。不料，该桃子实乃睡梦中的悟空。被惊醒后，他大骂七仙女。她们连忙解释是奉王母之命前来摘桃为蟠桃会准备的。
When finally a red big peach was seen, they immediately reached for it. To their surprise, it was actually Sun Wukong having transformed himself into a peach to sleep on the branch. When woken up he cursed at the seven goddesses. They promptly explained that they were picking peaches by order of the Queen for a peach party.
悟空了解到蟠桃会是要宴请天庭众神，可他却未受邀请。悟空很不高兴，立刻使出定身法，把七仙女定住，自己飞往蟠桃会会场。悟空溜进会场，看到满桌美食美酒忍不住直流口水。只可惜有许多管事的在摆设宴席，他无法偷吃。他眼珠一转，想出一计。
Wukong learned that the party was to entertain the courtiers but he had not been invited. Wukong was so pissed off that he froze the seven ladies with magic and flew to the party venue. Wukong sneaked inside and seeing all the delicacies and fine wine he couldn’t help salivating. Unfortunately, many footmen and maids were arranging food and plates so he couldn’t enjoy them. But soon he came up with a trick.
悟空从身上拔下一撮毛，对着吹了口气，它们便变成瞌睡虫，爬到那些管事的脸上。他们一个个倒头入睡。悟空大模大样走进去，畅饮大吃。他出来的时候醉醺醺认错了方向，走到了太上老君的住处。
Wukong pulled a lock of hairs, blew at them and turned them into sleeping worms. These worms then climbed to the faces of those servants and maids. They fell asleep one a山er another. Wukong strode in and indulged himself in the sea of food and wine. When he le山 he was drunk and went in the wrong direction. Consequently he arrived at the lodge of Tai Shang Lao Jun.
悟空误打误撞进了炼丹房，看到五个葫芦，里面装满仙丹, 他一把抓起全倒入口中。不久，悟空酒醒，想起自己闯下大祸，心生怯意，便溜出去，逃回花果山。
Blundering into the workshop, he saw five gourds filled with elixir pills. Without thinking ， he grabbed the gourds and poured the content into his mouth. Soon later, Wukong sobered up. Recalling his crime he was so scared that he sneaked out and fled to Hua Guo Shan.
悟空的罪行很快败露。玉帝不肯宽恕，派天兵降他，经过一番苦战终将他擒获。鉴于悟空罪行严重，玉帝决定立即将他处死。
Wukong’s misbehavior was soon found out. Yu Di wouldn’t forgive him this time so he sent an army to catch him. A山er some fierce fights Wukong was captured. Considering his serious crime Yu Di decided to execute him at once.
2020年翻译资格考试笔译二级测试题：西游记
悟空被擒，玉帝判其死刑，令人削其头颅。不料，大刀折成两截他却毫发无损。太上老君说到： “ 不如用我的炼丹炉烧死他吧?”
A山er Monkey King was caught, Yu Di sentenced him to death and ordered him to be beheaded. To everyone’s surprise, the knife was halved but his head was intact. Tai Shang Lao Jun said: “Let me
burn him inside my elixir furnace. ”
悟空被丢进八卦炉。七七四十九天后，老君料定他已被烧为灰烬，开炉查看。哪知悟空跳了出来，踢翻八卦炉，舞动金箍棒想要逃走，却被团团包围。
Forty nine days later a山er Wukong was thrown into the furnace, assuming that he must have been burned to ashes, Lao Jun opened it to check. Unexpectedly, Wukong jumped out, kicked over the furnace and tried to escape, twirling his weapon, but he was soon heavily surrounded.
虽被包围，悟空却仍处上风。玉帝只好派人请如来。见到如来众人停手。悟空道：“你是何人，多管闲事!”Though surrounded Wukong was still winning. Yu Di had to send for The Buddha . When he arrived everyone stopped fighting. Wukong said:“Who are you?Mind your own business!”
如来面露微笑，自报家门，然后问到：“你又为何屡次挑衅?” 悟空傲慢地说：“我会七十二变，一个筋斗十万八千里，无人能胜我。俗话说胜者为王，玉帝咋不把宝座让给我?”
The Buddha smiled and introduced himself. Then he asked: “Why have you been so provocative?” “I know 72 transformations. I can fly 18,000 li with just one somersault. I am invincible. As the saying goes, the winner takes all, why doesn’t Yu Di give up his throne to me? ”, Wukong arrogantly said.
如来笑着说：“若你真牛咱便打个赌，你若能翻出我的手掌心， 我就让玉帝让位给你，否则你再莫来捣乱。”The Buddha laughed and said: “If you are really so good, let’s make a wager. If you can leave my palm I will ask Yu Di to give up his throne to you. If not, be good and stay away.”
悟空觉得好笑, “如来真是笨极了，我一个筋斗十万八千里，哪有翻不出他手掌心的道理?”于是他同意了。Wukong thought it was funny. “The Buddha is really really an idiot. I can fly 18000 li with one somersault. How can I not leave his palm.” so he accepted the wager.
如来伸出右手，悟空飞身上去然后腾云飞去。秒秒钟便已无影无踪。片刻之后，悟空看到五根柱子，料是到了天边，为了留下证据他便写下“齐天大圣到此一游”，然后得意洋洋地回去了。
The Buddha held out his right hand. Wukong jumped on and then flew on a cloud. Seconds later, he disappeared. A山er a while he saw five pillars which he guessed were supporting the sky at the end of the earth. To have some proof he wrote on one pillar these words: Qi Tian Da Sheng has been here. Then he returned to the Buddha gleefully.
他说：“我曾到天边，且留下了记号。”这下你得叫玉帝把宝座让给我吧?如来笑笑说：“你高兴的太早。你不曾离开。这三脚猫功夫也敢卖弄。看看我的手指头。”
He shouted: “I reached the end of the world and le山 some marks.” Now you must tell Yu Di to give me his throne. The Buddha smiled and said: “Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched. You have not le山 my palm. How dare you show off such foolproof tricks in front of me? Now look at my fingers.”
悟空看到如来右手中指上写着“齐天大圣到此一游”。他不敢相信，想再试一次。如来懒得理他，右手一翻变出一座五行山把悟空压在山下。为防止他逃出来，如来又帖了一张咒符在山 上，最后告诉他等他时机恰当时自然有人来放他出来。
Wukong saw that on his middle finger was written what he had written on the pillar. He couldn’t believe his eyes and wanted to try again. The Buddha ignored him, turned over his hand, conjured up a hand-shaped mountain and put it over the head of Wukong. To ensure that he couldn’t escape the Buddha put a written spell on the mountain. In the end he told Monkey King he would be released when the time was right.
光阴似箭，悟空被压山下已五百年。一天，如来佛在雷音寺中对众人说：“我有三藏大乘真经可救人于苦难，欲授给东方人，但他们须历经苦难到此来取。不知谁愿意去东方寻找一个佛心坚定之人?”
Five hundred years had flown by since Wukong got trapped under the mountain when one day in Lei Yin Temple the Buddha announced: “I have three Mahayana scriptures that can rescue people from misery and suffering. I want to teach them to the people living in the east but they must come to fetch them by going through ordeals. I need someone to find a determined and pious monk to do this. Any volunteer?”
观音请缨。如来予她五件宝物，需交给取经之人。分别是“锦澜袈裟”、“九环锡杖”和三个“箍”。
Guanyin volunteered. The Buddha handed her five treasures to be presented to the pilgrim she would find which were: a cassock made of gold and silk, a 9-ring walking stick, and three magic headbands.
袈裟和锡杖可做护身之用而这三个紧箍可助他收服三位神通广大的妖魔为徒,只要他默念紧箍咒戴箍之人便头痛难忍，俯首听命。
The cassock and stick could protect the pilgrim and the three bands could help him tame three powerful monsters and demons as his followers; as long as he murmurs the tightening spell the band wearer will have a killing headache so he would be obedient.
观音收好宝物，携弟子前往东方。途经流沙河时遇到一位赤发墨颜的怪物。该妖怪本是天庭的卷帘大将 ，因为打碎一件宝杯而被放逐。
Guanyin packed the treasures and le山 for the east with an assistant. When they passed Liu Sha He, literally meaning Quicksand River, they met a monster with red hair and an inky face who used to be a guardian in heavenly palace. He was banished for breaking a precious cup.
该妖怪见到观音便哀求她帮自己摆脱苦境。观音叫他皈依佛门，取法名“沙悟净”，告诉他：“不日将有一唐朝和尚从此路过去西天取经，你护送他去西天，功成之后你便可官复原职。”观音继续东行，遇到一个猪头妖怪。该妖怪原是天庭的天蓬元帅，因酒后失德被贬下凡间，投胎失误便成了如此模样。妖怪求菩萨救他， 观音也让他皈依佛门，赐法名“猪悟能”，命他随唐僧取经， 将功赎罪。
On seeing Guanyin he begged her to help him out of his misery. Guanyin asked him to convert to Buddhism and gave him a religious name Sha Wujing. Then she said: “A few days later a monk from Tang Empire will arrive. Accompany him to his destination and your position will be restored.” Guanyin continued traveling eastwards when she encountered a pig-headed monster who used to be a marshal in heavenly palace and was expelled for his drunken misbehavior. Something went wrong with the reincarnation and there he was. He pleaded with Guanyin for help. Guanyin converted him to Buddhism and gave him a religious name Zhu Wu’neng. Then she asked him to escort Tang Monk on the pilgrimage as redemption.
观音继续东行，见一小龙呻吟。原来是西海龙王的儿子因意外烧毁了玉帝赏赐的明珠而被吊挂起来。小龙看到观音连忙求救。观音请求玉帝赦免了小龙但是让他变成白马做唐僧的坐骑。终于，观音来到了五行山下。悟空连忙求救。菩萨说到：“我正要去大唐寻找取经之人，那人路过此处时你拜他为师，求他放你出来护送他到西天取经。”Guanyin continued to travel eastwards until she saw a groaning young dragon who was the son of West Sea Dragon King. He was hung there because he had accidentally burned a precious pearl rewarded by Yu Di. When he saw Guanyin he implored for help. Guanyin asked Yu Di to pardon him but also asked him to be Tang Monk’s horse. At last, Guanyin reached Mount Hand. Monkey King begged for help but Guanyin replied: “I am going to look for a Tang Monk to fetch scriptures from the Buddha. When he passes here you can ask him to be your master and to release you so that you can protect him on the pilgrimage.”
篇6：口译笔译经验英语翻译之英语谚语的译法
《辞海》说：谚语是“熟语的一种，流传于民间的简练通俗而富有意义的语句，大多反映人民生活和斗争的经验，”《现代汉语词典》说：谚语是“在群众中间流传的固定语句，用简单通俗的话反映出深刻的道理。”泽尔巴赫说：“谚语是凝结的群众智慧。”英国政治家约翰・罗素说：“谚语是一个人的才智，也是许多人的才智。”
学好谚语，对于英语的提高非常有帮助，一些谚语如果能够做到信手拈来，会让你的文采增色不少。比较谚语的中文和英文，也会让你体会到不同文化之间很多道理都是相同的。有的智慧是如此的相似，简直如出一辙。不得不感慨人类之伟大。
1. Rome was not built in a day.
罗马不是一天建成的。
2. Dripping water wears away stone.
水滴石穿。
3. Where there's a will, there's a way.
有志者事竟成。
4. A good beginning is half done.
好的开始是成功的一半。
5. Actions speak louder than words.
事实胜于雄辩。
6. A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.
吃一堑，长一智。
7. A hedge between keeps friendship green.
君子之交淡如水，
备考资料
8. A good book is the best of friend, the same today and forever.
好书正如良友，会让你受益终生。
9. A good conscience is a soft pillow.
不做亏心事，不怕鬼敲门。
10. Let bygones be bygones.
既往不咎。
11. Fear always springs from ignorance.
恐惧源于无知。
12. He who risks nothing gains nothing.
收获与风险并存。
13. Necessity is the mother of invention.
需求是发明的动力。
14. There is no general rule without some exception.
任何规则均有例外。
【推荐阅读】
经验会员积分怎么获得？怎么查询？积分可以如何使用？可以直接转换为现金吗？www.shangxueba.com/jingyan/13254.html
shareba经验分享： 如何挣钱www.shangxueba.com/jingyan/14063.html
十万份免费下载/阅读资料：www.shangxueba.com/store_m_628846_0_5_1.html
篇7：英语翻译之高级口译技巧
口译技巧
1、句式调整
同传在词语的翻译上可以做到地道和相对准确，但句子结构不可能像交传那样按照中文的句式习惯组织安排，对于英汉传译，往往需要采用英语句式的顺序：
【例】Frankly, ideas and goods will travel around the globe with or without our help.
【译】坦率地讲，思想和商品都将会在全球流通，不管有没有我们的帮助。
2、断句和巧用连词
处理长句是同传的基本功之一。翻译长句，除了断成译群外，还有一个关键要掌握，即英文句子之所以长是因为要避免重复使用同一个词，于是用 who、which、that 来代替主语或宾语，使得句子很长，而在中文中就不怕重复使用。
【例】That is the single monetary policy which will be discussed at the next European Union conference.
【译】那就是单一货币政策 // 该政策将在下一届欧盟会议上讨论。
为了保证译出语的连贯性和准确性，同传时尽量使用译入语的文法结构，在将其断为多个句群后可以使用一些润滑剂，即连词，将单个的句群联系起来。
3、调整顺序
在一些有after和before的句子中可以将其反说，比如：
【例】I would like to make one point clear before I move on to the next point.
【译】我想先澄清一下，然后再讲下一部分。
【例】I would like to move on to the next part after I clarify one point.
【译】我想谈下一部分，在这之前先澄清一点。
4、转换词性
☆ 名词转动词
【例】the development and application of new telecom service
【译】如果听到整句主语后才开始切入翻译会稍显滞后，此时可以试着将这些名词译成动词，这样其实也符合英语的表达方式。可译为：开发和运用新的电信业务。
【例】In China, the full opening up and the profound reform in the public services areas to the foreign encounter parts greatly give impetus to the development of the tertiary industry.
【译】可将此句译成：在中国， 全面开放和深化改革公共服务领域，并将其向国外同行开放，这会极大推动第三产业的发展。
还有一些同类表达：
clear evidence of 清楚地表明
give impetus to 有力地推动
an obvious violation of 显然违反了
☆ 被动转主动
英语中大量使用被动句，目的主要是为了强调或者平衡句子结构。这种表达方式与汉语有较大差别，造成翻译英语中的被动语态时比较吃力，特别是当句子主语较长时，在这种情况下，建议将语态由被动转成主动，往往会有柳暗花明之感：
【例】Arrangement must be made to guarantee the basic life necessities could be available to the people in the earthquake hit areas.
【译】 必须做出安排……
【译】China’s diplomatic practice is seriously guided by the five principles of mutual peaceful coexistence.
【译】中国的外交活动是严格遵循原则的，即和平共处五项原则。
5、及时调整错误
一般来说，在同传中不会有回过头来重新改正自己错误的可能性，但也不绝对，所以，如果具备了改错空间，当然提倡有错必改。
调整是同声翻译中的校译过程，是译员根据接收到的新内容调整信息、纠正错译、补充漏译的重要环节。如英语中的时间、地点状语等大多出现在句尾，在使用“顺句驱动”翻译时，会出现译完主句又出现状语的情况。
翻译资格考试一级笔译英译汉练习题
Climate Change: A Race We Must Win
We face a new era of climate crisis. July 2019 is the hottest month on record, and we are on track for 2015 to 2019 to be the five hottest years in human history. The level of CO2 in the atmosphere is at its highest point in human history; climate-related devastations strike more often than ever, with droughts, hurricanes, heatwaves and landslides regularly attacking our planet, bringing high tolls and casualties, causing huge economic loss to countries and to individuals, particularly affecting the most vulnerable in societies. The latest report of UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific shows that natural disasters in the region are currently responsible for economic losses of up to US$675 billion annually and affecting close to 150 million people.考生如果怕自己错过考试成绩查询的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。
The clock is ticking. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we need to collectively ensure that global temperature rise does not go beyond 1.5 degrees. This means we must reduce emissions by 45 percent by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Such goals might seem too ambitious, but climate change is not a standalone issue that can be ignored given the profound implications it has for all countries and all peoples, including the young generation who will be living with the ever-increasing consequences of global warmings.
Faced with this reality, it is impossible to ignore that human development can only flourish if the natural world flourishes. This is the premise of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals that have become more urgent looking forward to the next decade. How can we as the global community work together as one?
To boost ambition, reinforce strong political will and encourage concrete actions to implement the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, the UN Secretary-General António Guterres will host the 2019 Climate Action Summit on 23 September during the UN General Assembly. The Summit will bring together governments, the private sector, civil society, local authorities and other international organizations to develop ambitious solutions in six areas: a global transition to renewable energy; sustainable and resilient infrastructures and cities; sustainable agriculture and management of forests and oceans; resilience and adaptation to climate impacts; and alignment of public and private finance with a ‘net zero’ economy. The message is clear: we need concrete, realistic plans to enhance countries’ nationally determined contributions by 2020, in line with reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 45 per cent over the next decade, and to achieve ‘net zero’ emissions by 2050.
As the second largest economy in the world, China has played a critical part in committing to the Paris Agreement and its leadership and commitment is crucial in achieving the goals. The country has made remarkable progress in developing its green economy, with more than US$125 billion dollars’ investment in renewable energy in 2017. New renewable energy jobs in China now outnumber those created in the oil and gas industries. Under the 13th Five-Year Plan, China has already exceeded full three per cent of its target, to reduce energy intensity by 15 percent. The country is also the global leader in the adoption of electric buses, with an estimation of 18% of China’s total bus fleet being electrified according to research from Bloomberg New Energy Finance. This demonstrates a significant increase in the importance of non-fossil fuel from previous five-year plan targets. The benefits China has reaped from fostering its renewable energy sector and the green economy also offer a prime counter-example to the mistaken belief that economic vitality and growth is incompatible with efforts to combat climate change.
As the global challenge that does not respect national borders, climate change is an issue that requires solutions to be coordinated at the international level, with demand for all developed countries taking up greater responsibilities, and for developing countries moving toward low-carbon economy. In the meantime, as the world’s most populous country and one of the largest carbon emitters, China can play an even more vital role in tackling global climate change by maximizing its enormous potential for emission reduction and accelerating the current positive.
The UN is committed to working with the government of China, the private sector, NGOs, youth and other key stakeholders to support climate change reduction efforts in China, to raise awareness and build the next generation of climate leaders, as well as China’s growing support to other developing countries. Under initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative, UN and China can work closely together to make the best use of the investment in infrastructure to promote the transition from fossil fuel-intensive economy to green and low-carbon economy in developing countries and ensure the initiatives are in line with sustainable development goals. South-South Cooperation can also facilitate the exchanges of climate solutions – bringing China’s successful practices to developing world and customize the methodology to best serve the local context and needs. Considering the scale of China’s commitments, the potential impact these global engagements will have is unparalleled. Therefore, the UN is ready to continue its partnership with China to ensure that an agenda of environmental sustainability, of climate change mitigation and resilience is placed first and foremost at the head of China’s global development initiatives and investments.
Climate change is running faster than we are and we need to have a much more ambitious approach in what we do in order to defeat climate change – as this is a race that we can and must win.
气候变化：一场我们必须打赢的比赛
我们面临着气候危机的新时代。7月是有记录以来最热的一个月，至20有望成为人类历史上最热的5年。大气中的二氧化碳含量达到了人类历史上的最高点。与气候变化有关的自然灾害比以往任何时候都更加频繁，干旱、飓风、热浪和山体滑坡的频发造成了大范围人员伤亡，给许多国家和人民造成了巨大的经济损失，尤其是社会中最脆弱的群体受影响最为严重。联合国亚太经济社会委员会最新报告显示，该地区自然灾害造成的经济损失高达每年6750亿美元，影响近1.5亿人。
时间一分一秒地过去。政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)的报告表明，我们需要共同确保全球气温上升不超过1.5摄氏度。这意味着我们必须在2030年前减少45%的排放量，并在2050年前实现碳中和。这些目标似乎过于雄心勃勃，但考虑到气候变化对所有国家和人民所产生的深远影响，全球变暖日益严重所产生的后果年轻一代将首当其冲，我们绝不能将气候变化孤立开来，不能小觑其可能产生的后果和影响。
面对气候变化的现实，我们需要清醒地认识到，人类的发展只有在自然界繁荣的情况下才能蓬勃发展。这是联合国可持续发展目标的前提，展望未来十年，这些目标变得更加紧迫。我们该如何作为一个国际社会共同努力?
联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯将于9月23日在联合国大会期间主持2019年气候行动峰会，以提振雄心，增强政治意愿，鼓励落实《巴黎气候变化协定》的具体行动。首脑会议将汇集各国政府、私营部门、民间社会、地方当局和其他国际组织，在六个领域制定雄心勃勃的解决办法：全球范围内向可再生能源过渡;可持续和适应力强的基础设施和城市;可持续农业和森林及海洋管理;对气候影响的恢复力和适应能力;公共和私人金融向“净零”经济看齐。峰会要传递的信息很明确：我们需要具体、现实的计划，到20提高各国的自主贡献，在未来将温室气体排放量减少45%，到2050年实现“净零”排放。
作为世界第二大经济体，中国在履行《巴黎协定》方面发挥了重要作用，中国的领导和承诺对实现《巴黎协定》的目标至关重要。中国绿色经济发展取得了显著进展，可再生能源投资超过1250亿美元。目前，中国可再生能源新增就业人数已超过石油和天然气行业。在十三五计划实施期间，中国已经超额完成目标的3%，降低能源强度15%。中国还是全球率先使用电动公交车的国家，根据彭博新能源财经研究估计，18%中国公交车汽车实现电气化。这表明，与之前的五年计划目标相比，非化石燃料的重要性显著提高。中国从发展可再生能源产业和绿色经济中获益的事实也为有些人错误地认为经济的活力和增长与应对气候变化不可兼得提供了一个主要的反例。
全球性挑战向来不受国境线的限制，气候变化这一全球性议题需要在国际层面协调解决方案，要求所有发达国家承担更大的责任，发展中国家向低碳经济迈进。作为世界上人口最多的国家和最大的碳排放国之一，中国可以在应对全球气候变化方面发挥更重要的作用，最大限度地发挥其巨大的减排潜力，进一步加快进度。
联合国致力于与中国政府、私营部门、非政府组织、青年和其他主要利益攸关方一道，支持中国减少气候变化的努力，提高认识，培养下一代气候领导人，并不断加大对其他发展中国家的支持力度。在各项倡议的支持下，例如一带一路倡议，联合国和中国可以紧密合作，充分利用基础设施投资，促进发展中国家从化石燃料密集型的经济向绿色和低碳经济的过渡，确保项目符合可持续发展目标。南南合作也可以促进气候解决方案的交流，将中国的成功经验推广到发展中国家，并根据当地的实际情况和需求，因地制宜地调整方法论。考虑到中国承诺的规模，这些全球合作的潜在影响将是巨大的。因此，联合国愿继续与中国保持伙伴关系，确保将环境可持续性、减缓气候变化和提高适应能力置于中国全球发展倡议和投资的首位。
如果将气候行动比作一场比赛，那么气候变化现在的速度比我们快，我们需要更大的决心来应对这一挑战，因为这是一场我们能够而且必须获胜的比赛。
2020年翻译资格考试一级口译实务材料
常驻联合国代表张军大使在安理会中导问题公开会上的发言
Statement by Ambassador Zhang Jun at Security Council on Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
2019年8月22日
22 August 2019
主席女士，
Madam President,
我认真听取了中满泉副秘书长所作通报。
I have listened carefully to the briefing by USG Nakamitsu.
1987年美苏达成的《中导条约》是军控与裁军领域的重要条约。条约明确将加强战略稳定作为目标，有效缓解了美苏在欧洲的中导军备竞赛，有利于增进大国战略互信，缓和国际关系，推进核裁军进程。The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) signed between the US and the USSR in 1987 is an important treaty on arms control and disarmament. Taking strengthening strategic stability as its objective, the treaty effectively mitigated the arms race on intermediate-range missiles between the US and USSR in Europe and helped to enhance strategic mutual trust between major powers, ease international relations and advance nuclear disarmament process.
进入新世纪以来，维护《中导条约》有效性，不仅对美俄两国，也对国际和地区的和平与安全具有重要现实意义。美俄本应通过对话协商妥善处理关于履约问题的分歧，切实维护条约有效性。但美国单方面退约导致条约失效，将对全球战略平衡与稳定、欧洲和亚太地区安全及国际军控体系产生深远消极影响，国际社会应对此保持清醒认识。在《中导条约》问题上，中方已多次表明立场，拿中国作为退约借口是不可接受的。中方拒绝美方的无理指责。
Entering the new century, safeguarding the effectiveness of the INF treaty is of great practical significance not only to the United States and Russia but also to international and regional peace and security. The two countries should have properly handled differences over treaty compliance through dialogue and consultation to earnestly safeguard the effectiveness of the treaty. However, the unilateral withdrawal of the United States from the treaty led to the demise of the treaty, which will have a far-reaching negative impact on global strategic balance and stability, regional security in Europe and Asia as well as international arms control regime. The international community should be clear headed about this impact. On the INF issue, China has made clear its position on many occasions. It is unacceptable to use China as an excuse for leaving the treaty, and China rejects the baseless accusation by the United States.
主席女士，
Madam President,
当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，和平、发展、合作、共赢的时代潮流不可逆转，和平力量的上升远远超过战争因素的增长。同时，国际安全面临的不稳定性不确定性更加突出。多边主义是应对共同挑战的有效途径，各国应坚定维护以国际法和《联合国宪章》宗旨原则为核心的国际秩序，秉持共同、综合、合作和可持续的新安全观，充分尊重各国正当合理安全关切，努力塑造和平稳定的国际安全环境，推动构建人类命运共同体。
The world today is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century. Peace, development and win-win cooperation remain the irreversible trends of the times, with forces for peace predominating over elements of war. At the same time, there are prominent destabilizing factors and uncertainties in international security. Multilateralism is the effective means to address common challenges. All countries should resolutely safeguard international order with international law and the purposes and principles of the UN Charter at its core, embrace a concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, fully respect the legitimate security concerns of all countries, work hard for a peaceful and stable international security environment and promote a community of a shared future for mankind.
《联合国宪章》赋予安理会维护国际和平与安全的重要职责，安理会成员应展现责任担当，各国均应避免采取损害别国安全利益的举动。美方在正式退出《中导条约》前即宣称计划加快中导研发和部署，并已于日前试射新型陆基巡航导弹。中方强烈敦促有关国家本着高度负责的态度，保持克制，切实维护现有军控体系，维护全球战略平衡与稳定，维护国际和地区和平与安宁。这是国际社会的共同呼声。
The UN Charter entrusts the Security Council with the important responsibility of maintaining international peace and security. Council members should earnestly fulfill their responsibilities in this regard. All countries should refrain from taking actions that undermine the security interests of other countries. Prior to its official withdrawal from the INF treaty, the United States already announced its plan to accelerate the development and deployment of intermediate range missiles. And lately, it conducted a test launch of land-based cruise missile. China strongly urges the relevant country to take a highly responsible attitude, exercise restraint and earnestly preserve the existing arms control regime in an effort to safeguard global strategic balance and stability and international and regional peace and security. This is the shared message from the international community.
退出《中导条约》是美国奉行单边主义、推卸国际义务的又一消极举动，其真实目的是自我松绑、谋求单方面绝对军事优势。中国始终奉行防御性的国防政策，拥有的陆基中程导弹全部部署在本国境内，完全出于防御目的，不威胁任何国家。中方坚决反对美国在亚太地区部署陆基中导，要求美方在此方面保持理性和克制。
Withdrawal from the INF treaty is yet another act of unilateralism and escape from international obligations by the United States. It is aimed at relieving restrictions and seeking absolute military advantage. China pursues a national defense policy that is defensive nature. China’s land-based intermediate range missiles are all deployed within the Chinese territory. It is for defense purposes only and poses no threat to any country. China firmly opposes US deployment of land-based intermediate range missiles in the Asia-Pacific and urges the United States to be cool-headed and exercise restraint.
主席女士，
Madam President,
国际军控与裁军条约体系是全球战略平衡与稳定的基石，与国际和平安全息息相关。核裁军是《不扩散核武器条约》的三大支柱之一，是核领域全球治理的重要组成部分。各国应遵循“维护全球战略稳定”和“各国安全不受减损”等原则，循序渐进推进核裁军进程。拥有最大核武库的国家应切实履行核裁军特殊、优先责任。我们支持俄罗斯在此方面作出的政治外交努力，支持并鼓励俄罗斯和美国就战略安全和双边核裁军问题保持对话，致力于《美俄关于进一步削减和限制进攻性战略武器措施的条约》延期，并继续以可核查、不可逆、具有法律约束力的方式大幅削减核武库，为推进多边核裁军进程创造必要条件。
The international arms control and disarmament treaty system, as the cornerstone of global strategic balance and stability, bears on international peace and security. Nuclear Disarmament, as one of the three pillars of the NPT, constitutes an important part of global governance in the nuclear field. All countries should follow the principles of “maintaining global strategic stability” and “undiminished security for all” and advance disarmament process in a step-by-step manner. Countries with the largest nuclear arsenals have special and primary responsibility for nuclear disarmament. We support the political and diplomatic efforts made by Russia, support and encourage Russia and the United States to maintain dialogue on strategic security and bilateral nuclear disarmament issues, commit themselves to the extension of the New START Treaty, continue to make substantive reduction in their nuclear arsenals in a verifiable, irreversible and legally binding manner with a view to creating necessary conditions for advancing multilateral nuclear disarmament processes.
我要强调，任何军控谈判都应充分考虑各国整体军事实力，并遵循“各国安全不受减损”这一国际军控基本原则。中方已多次就所谓“中美俄军控谈判”提议表明立场，现阶段中方无意也不会参加所谓“中美俄军控谈判”。
I must emphasize that for any arms control negotiation, it is imperative to fully consider the overall military capabilities of countries and follow the principle of “undiminished security for all”, a basic principle of international arms control. China has repeatedly stated its position on the so-called arms control negotiation with the United States and Russia. China has no interest and will not be part of it.
中国始终不渝奉行防御性国防政策，中国自卫防御的核战略完全透明，中国的核政策高度负责，中国的核武库规模极为有限，从不对国际和平与安全构成威胁。几十年来，中国一贯积极参与联合国、裁军谈判会议等多边机制框架下的军控磋商与谈判，反对军备竞赛，维护全球战略平衡和稳定。未来中方将继续坚定维护多边主义，积极参与多边军控进程，为维护国际和平与安全贡献力量。
China unswervingly pursues a national defense policy that is defensive in nature. China’s nuclear strategy for self-defense is completely transparent and its nuclear policy is highly responsible. China’s nuclear arsenal is extremely limited in scale, and poses no threat to international peace and security. For decades, China has actively participated in arms control consultations and negotiations under multilateral mechanisms and frameworks including those of the United Nations and Conference on Disarmament. China opposes arms race and works to safeguard global strategic balance and stability. Moving forward, China will continue to firmly uphold multilateralism, actively participate in multilateral arms control processes to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security.
谢谢主席女士。
Thank you, Madam President.
英语翻译
篇8：常用十大翻译技巧之五：正译法和反译法
5.正译法和反译法：这两种方法通常用于汉译英，偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译，是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果，但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如：
（1） 在美国，人人都能买到枪。
In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译)
In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译)
（2） 你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。
You can obtain this information on the Internet. （正译）
This information is accessible/available on the Internet. （反译）
（3） 他突然想到了一个新主意。
Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译)
He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译)
A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. （反译）
（4） 他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。
He still could not understand me. (正译)
Still he failed to understand me. (反译)
（5） 无论如何，她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。
She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正译)
She is anything but a bright student. (反译)
（6） Please withhold the document for the time being.
请暂时扣下这份文件。（正译）
请暂时不要发这份文件。（反译）
篇9：常用十大翻译技巧之一：增译法
英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中，而且应该用得更加熟练，因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。
1、增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如：
（1）What about calling him right away?
马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？ （增译主语和谓语）
（2）If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.
要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！（增译主句）
（3） Indeed, the reverse is true
实际情况恰好相反。（增译名词）
（4）就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。
Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.（增译物主代词）
（5）只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。
While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. （增译连词）
（6）这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。
This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.（增译介词）
（7）在人权领域，中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。
In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.（增译暗含词语）
（8）三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.（增译注释性词语）
★ 汉译英的合并译法
★ 范畴的近义词
★ 浅析英语翻译教学
英语翻译技巧之“范畴词”的译法（精选9篇）
