局部定位法巧妙攻克四六级阅读

时间:2022-12-16 05:51:32 作者:嗣音 综合材料 收藏本文 下载本文

“嗣音”通过精心收集,向本站投稿了6篇局部定位法巧妙攻克四六级阅读,以下是小编收集整理后的局部定位法巧妙攻克四六级阅读,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。

篇1:局部定位法巧妙攻克四六级阅读

给考生提出以下几点建议,供广大考生参考,希望能帮助大家取得好成绩。

一、考前20天,复习重点以做历年真题为主。

在最后这20天,阅读部分相对于听力、完形还是有很大的提升空间。在最后的这20天中,一切都要以真题为主导。就是以我们过去考过的,新六级和 新四级真题为主导。因为真题能非常好地告诉我们一个方向,就是说会考什么题材,包括什么教育类的,还是环境类的,还是经济类的文章,会通过真题,大家可以 总结出来。这样有助于大家在考试中一个很好的发挥。特别要说举个例子,在我们过去的四、六级考试,只要考了教育类的文章,一般都会涉及到美国或者英国的教 育体制,一些弊端或问题,一般会在文章的最后对这个问题提出一些解决的办法。你只要把真题解决好了,一般来说在考试对文章的主题就会把握地非常清楚。所以 说做真题对我们来说还是有很大的帮助的。

那么在最后一个月当中,我们不太建议把所有重心都放在背单词上面。其实阅读理解对单词的确有一定的要求,但是单词并不是最主导的。在整个考试当中,单词在听力当中会有一个更好的体现出来。所以说我不建议大家最后一个月,花大量的时间来背单词。更好地还是以做题为主。

二、四、六级阅读考试以细节题为主导,选择答案时不要进行推导,更多地只是以文章信息为主导来选择一个原文的信息或者是同义改写的信息,以提高选项的正确率。

相信很多同学都遇到这样的问题,明明4个选项,排除了a和b,剩下了c和d,该是c的时候总是选的d,那么原因是这样的,为什么我们四、六级考 试的时候,你总会感觉这个是对的,但是多想起来就会选错。原因是四、六级考试主要还是以细节题为主导,所谓的细节题呢就是它考的是文章的一些细节信息,并 不对文章的细节做一个引申或是延续。

四、六级考试就是考一个表层的信息,所以四、六级考试的选项只是对原文的单词进行改写。比如说原文是主导语态,到选项里变成了被动语态。或者把 单词就是进行一个同义的改写。本来这个单词这样一个表达意思,那可能到选项里是另外一个单词来表达,但意思是一样的。就是说它不需要进行推导的,所以说你 为什么多想就会选错,因为你选了一个推导项。而事实上只要选择一个表层信息就可以了。所以大家在做题的过程当中,切记的一点就是,在四、六级阅读考试当中 不要进行推导,更多地只是以文章信息为主导来选择一个原文的信息或者是同义改写的信息就可以了。这样一般就不会选错了。

三、采用题干核心词汇定位法,巧妙选择正确答案;同时,考前20天的单词复习,以历年真题选项中的单词为主。

其实阅读理解对词汇考核的要求呢,四级是4500,六级是5500。那么就算有的同学考四、六级,你把我们四、六级单词都背完,可能也达不到考 试阅读的要求,因为我们考试一定会有10%到15%的超纲词汇。就说词汇这个问题是永远都不能解决的,关键是在考试当中怎么去回避词汇这个问题。

那么在阅读当中,词汇是非常好回避的。因为整个四、六级考试最主导的核心做题方法就是,通过读题干,因为题干当中的词汇一般都是常规词汇,甚至 说你只要高三毕业都能读懂四、六级考试的题干,所以你知道把题干部分的核心词汇找出来进行定位就可以了。但如果我们定位到了这个地方之后,那你就可以把你 所定位的地方去读懂,那么这个时候可能会遇到单词,但没有关系,我刚才讲过了我们四、六级阅读理解考试考的是细节题,考的是文章表层信息,因此当你找到了 这个地方之后呢,你就去对选项,看哪个选项是对文章里单词的同义改写就行了。所以在这个过程当中,你回避掉了很多很多的词汇,并不需要知道说每个单词是什 么意思。那为什么我们很多同学在平时的考试中很期待词汇,他特别想知道文章总体每句话都在讲什么,而事实上四、六级考试就考了5个题目所对应的5个区。并 不需要知道文章里的每一句话是什么含义。因此,很多单词的存在是没有任何价值的。就是大家一定要知道的一条就是四、六级考试的核心就是找这道题目考的这个 词对应的位置为第一步,然后再去理解你所找到的位置是第二步,第三步是对应你所找到的位置和选项,最后呢选出一个选项是不需要推导的。就是单词的表层信息 就可以了。所以,单词的确是很重要,但它并不是我们所想的最重要的一部分。

所以我建议大家这一个月,最后这30天,把四、六级考过的,我们改革之后考过的所有文章中的选项里面的单词去检查一下。因为我们考试的选项里的 单词是反复出现的,比如说像我们过去的几次考试,文章中每次都出现一个词叫“practice”。就这个单词在我们过去的几次考试中每次都出现。所以像这 种单词大家通过查选项就能够巩固下来。那么有助于大家在考试中发挥得更好一些。所以呢,这个单词不是最主要的问题。

四、通过题目确定答案所在位置,采取局部定位阅读法,做到即确准又提高做题速度。

我们考试的时候阅读理解的确是时间不够,那么四、六级考试改革后呢,一篇文章只能是8分钟的时间,而通常情况下要读上一篇300-500字的文章,至少需要大概10分钟左右。所以说在考试中,四、六级考试说白了就是拼个速度问题。

那么如何能够更好地去做完这个阅读,还能做得很准确,阅读理解的第一步就是什么,就是先局部去找这个题目答案的位置。通过读5个题目先找到位 置,因为你会发现找到这个位置后你会发现,5道题目对应了5个地方,这5个地方并不涵盖文章100%的信息,可能这5个地方只涵盖40%的信息。你只要把 这40%读懂就可以了。所以为什么说你要想做快啊,或把题目做准了最主要的问题,首先还是要找对这个题目所对应的位置。也就拿我们的专业术语来说,也就叫 定位的问题。就如果你把题目定得越准,当然你做得就越快,那么答案出来得也就越准确。所以我们很多同学在平时做题时会发现,我文章读懂了,为什么题目全错 了?就是因为你会发现就是因为你文章全读懂之后,你四个选项在文章里面全部都有体现出来,所以这时候你就不知道该怎么排除了。但如果你的题目要是定位得很 准,你就知道答案就在这个区域当中,所以四个选项你一看,发现有3个选项的区别没有体现,就会知道应该选哪一个。这样的话就会又快又准了。所以说还是定位 为主的。

最后,预祝广大考生在6月份的四、六级考试中取得自己理想的成绩。

篇2:英语四六级应试捷径定位法解题

对于很多学生来说,要顺利通过四六级考试不是件很容易的事情,不能顺利通过的原因可能千差万别,有些学生是用功不够,有些学生是基础不好,有些学生是学习方法不对,也有些学生是心态不正,等等。而在如今的辅导培训市场上,关于四六级应试过关的技巧和方法千千万万,每一种都号称最为有效,那么,真正的效果又是怎样呢?对于大学英语四六级考试来说,有没有一种事半功倍、最行之有效的方法呢?答案是肯定的。因为任何一种考试,都具有其一定的考查目的,也就必然具有一定的解题方法和技巧,大学英语四六级考试也不例外。俗话说,“磨刀不误砍柴工。”除了必要的日常刻苦努力、勤奋学习之外,了解考试的目的、出题者的意图以及掌握一定的应试方法和技巧,对于顺利通过考试来说也至关重要。

所以,在多年大学英语教学经验的基础上,结合指导学生参加四六级考试的实践,笔者对大学英语四六级应考的策略进行了系统的思考和总结,并将其命名为“定位法”,并认为这种方法是适合绝大多数考生的一种方法,在此介绍给大家,与大家共同分享,希望各位考生能够各取所需,从中受益,在考试中取得理想的成绩。

就大学英语四六级的应试策略而言,定位法可以分为广义定位法和狭义定位法两种。广义定位法不仅包括具体的解题方法的客观定位,而且还包括学生对自己学习英语、参加考试做出的各种主观选择和定位,比如:学习方法、学习动机、应考动机、应试心理等等。狭义定位法主要是对各类具体题型的应试方法和技巧,主要是一些具有可重复性、可操控性的实际方法。

本文的定位法主要是指狭义定位法,也是四六级应试的一条捷径。它不仅是一种解题方法,而且是一种解题原则;不但具有很强的实用性,而且具有较大的灵活性;不但具有普遍的适用性――适用于所有的四六级试题,而且具有明显的针对性――针对不同的题型,具有风格各异的解题步骤(狭义定位法在各种题型中的具体应用及其解题步骤考生可参见《大学英语四级考试一本通关――命题剖析与应试指导》一书各章、节的详细内容)。它是根据考试的题型、目的和意图等来解答考题的一种方法。它最大的特点是直接从答案入手,通过答案来调动考生自己的知识系统,把考生的主动思考和试题的被动考查结合起来,通过主动调动被动,从而实现主动有效的答题,具有很强的实用性。

通常地,我们解题一般是按照试题编排的顺序,即:

看试题内容看问题内容回原文找答案验证答案

这种方法有它自身的优点,可以详细全面地理解考试内容,对于学习特别优秀的同学来说是一种比较好的选择;但是,它也有自身不可避免的劣势,不容易在短时间内抓住考题的中心,对于一般学生来说,运用这种方法答题,很可能会在规定时间内难以完成全套考题,或者即使是能做完,也会显得很仓促,难以留出检查答案的时间,

总而言之,这是一种被动的答题方式,考生始终被试题牵着鼻子走,很容易误入出题者设计的陷阱之中,难以取得理想的考试成绩。

而“定位法”则不同。它与通常按部就班的解题方法最大的区别就是直接从答案入手,主动思考或预测试题的答案。其解题的步骤是:

看问题的题干(或题支) 阅读原文进行定位寻找答案验证答案

与一般的解题方法相比,定位法不但是一种主动的解题方法,给考生以思考的自由,而且它还简化了解题的步骤,给考生留出尽可能多的思考和答题时间。它不但符合考试的规律性,能在较短的时间内获得对试卷最大限度的理解,而且也具有较强的实用性,可以让考生在有限的时间内取得最好的成绩。然而,正如任何事物都具有两面性一样,定位法也有它的缺点,即:没有完全直接按照原文的逻辑去阅读材料,可能会造成对原文的片面理解。但是,在阅读或者听取材料时,考生可以根据所读或所听到的材料内容,对自己已有的判断不断地进行修正,从而获得对材料的全面理解,弥补这种不足之处,这也是定位法在实践中具有可行性的原因之一。

总之,定位法不但符合考生应试的心理和生理特点,具有理论上的可行性,而且它还符合考试的实践特点,具有很强的实用性,简单易学而又立竿见影。但是,作为一种解题方法,定位法也不是“放之四海而皆准”的真理,更不是一种“万能药”,对什么都有效。它的运用是以考生已有的知识结构为前提的,考生的知识越丰富、结构越条理,定位法就越有效、作用就越充分。因此,建议考生要把定位法与日常知识的积累和巩固结合起来,从考试中学习,在学习中考试,认真学习历年四六级真题中所考查的知识点,反复总结和研究其中的知识结构,并结合自身情况,适当地做些模拟试题,扩充知识结构和提高应试的实践能力。只有这样,才能更好地发挥定位法的作用,在考试中取得理想成绩,增强学习英语的自信心,为未来的发展奠定良好的基础。这也正是笔者写作本书的出发点和全部内容所在。

更多十万份免费分享,亲们可以进入:

篇3:托福阅读:如何巧妙找到定位词

托福阅读:如何巧妙找到定位词

对于托福的阅读文章来说,一般思路都是直白和流畅的。所以,我们需要以最快的时间体会到其中的文章的主题内容。对于托福阅读来时,并不像我们曾经参与过的高考等考试一样,基本所有答案几乎都可以在文章中找到非常明显的对应点。小站提醒大家在答题过程中,我们也要学会领会老外的思维逻辑,不要刻意将题目想的过于复杂化。

当然,思路的直白和流程,并不代表整篇文章的阅读不讲求细节。对于文章的关键词和原文定位我们还是要讲求直接和细心的。在阅读中,最常用到的解题方法就是利用题干中出现的关键词回原文定位答案范围,然后根据定位到的内容选出正确答案。

在托福阅读中合理找到定位词,主要还是讲求一个“巧”字了。比如,阅读文章中考查点经常与转折、比较、否定、因果等逻辑密切相关,因而考生在定位答案范围时可根据这些重要的考点来进行精确定位。

托福阅读真题1

Any rock that has cooled and solidified from a molten state is an igneous rock. Therefore, if the Earth began as a superheated sphere in space, all the rocks making up its crust may well have been igneous and thus the ancestors of all other rocks. Even today, approximately 95 percent of the entire crust is igneous. Periodically, molten material wells out of the Earth's interior to invade the surface layers or to flow onto the surface itself. This material cools into a wide variety of igneous rocks. In the molten state, it is called magma as it pushes into the crust and lava when it runs out onto the surface.

All magma consists basically of a variety of silicate minerals (high in silicon-oxygen compounds), but the chemical composition of any given flow may differ radically from that of any other. The resulting igneous rocks will reflect these differences. Igneous rocks also vary in texture as well as chemistry. Granite, for instance, is a coarse-grained igneous rock whose individual mineral crystals have formed to a size easily seen by the naked eye. A slow rate of cooling has allowed the crystals to reach this size. Normally, slow cooling occurs when the crust is invaded by magma that remains buried well below the surface. Granite may be found on the surface of the contemporary landscape, but from its coarse texture we know that it must have formed through slow cooling at a great depth and later been laid bare by erosion. Igneous rocks with this coarse-grained texture that formed at depth are called plutonic.

On the other hand, if the same magma flows onto the surface and is quickly cooled by the atmosphere, the resulting rock will be fine-grained and appear quite different from granite, although the chemical composition will be identical. This kind of rock is called rhyolite. The most finely grained igneous rock is volcanic glass or obsidian, which has no crystals. Some researchers believe this is because of rapid cooling; others believe it is because of a lack of water vapor and other gases in the lava. The black obsidian cliffs of Yellowstone National Park are the result of a lava flow of basalt running head on into a glacier. Some of the glacier melted on contact, but suddenly there also appeared a huge black mass of glassy stone.

1. In the first paragraph, the author mentions that 95% of the Earth's crust is composed of

igneous rock to support the idea that

(A) the Earth began as a molten mass

(B) a thin layer of magma flows beneath the Earth's crust

(C) the minerals found in igneous rock are very common

(D) igneous rock is continually being formed

2. The word invade in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) move into

(B) neutralize

(C) cover

(D) deposit

3. The word contemporary in line 15 is closest in meaning to

(A) vast

(B) natural

(C) existing

(D) uneven

4. The word it in line 16 refers to

(A) granite

(B) surface

(C) landscape

(D) texture

5. Granite that has been found above ground has been

(A) pushed up from below the crust by magma

(B) produced during a volcanic explosion

(C) gradually exposed due to erosion

(D) pushed up by the natural shifting of the Earth

6. Which of the following is produced when magma cools rapidly?

(A) granite

(B) plutonic rock

(C) rhyolite

(D) mineral crystals

7. The word finely in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(A) minutely

(B) loosely

(C) sensitively

(D) purely

8. Which of the following is another name for volcanic glass?

(A) Plutonic rock

(B) Crystal

(C) Lava

(D) Obsidian

托福阅读真题2

Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizen's patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizen's focus on character rather than issues.

Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 11/2 to 2 hours, which characterized nineteenth-century political discourse, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10 second sound bite in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a snippet of the speech on the news.

In these abbreviated forms, much of what constituted the traditional political discourse of earlier ages has been lost. In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. In snippets, politicians assert but do not argue.

Because television is an intimate medium, speaking through it require a changed political style that was more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. Schools teach us to analyze words and print. However, in a word in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.

Recognizing the power of television's pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events, called pseudo-event, designed to attract media coverage. Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.

1. What is the main point of the passage ?

(A) Citizens in the United States are now more informed about political issues because of

television coverage.

(B) Citizens in the United States prefer to see politicians on television instead of in person.

(C) Politics in the United States has become substantially more controversial since the

introduction of television.

(D) Politics in the United States has been significantly changed by television.

(A) analyzed

(B) discussed

(C) spread

(D) stored

3. It can be inferred that before the introduction of television, political parties

(A) had more influence over the selection of political candidates

(B) spent more money to promote their political candidates

(C) attracted more members

(D) received more money

4. The word accelerated in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) allowed

(B) increased

(C) required

(D) started

5. The author mentions the stump speech in line 7 as an example of

(A) an event created by politicians to attract media attention

(B) an interactive discussion between two politicians

(C) a kind of political presentation typical of the nineteenth century

(D) a style of speech common to televised political events

6. The phrase given way to in line 10 is closest in meaning to

(A) added interest to

(B) modified

(C) imitated

(D) been replaced by

7. The word that in line 12 refers to

(A) audience

(B) broadcast news

(C) politician

(D) advertisement

8. According to the passage , as compared with televised speeches, traditional political discourse

was more successful at

(A) allowing news coverage of political candidates

(B) placing political issues within a historical context

(C) making politics seem more intimate to citizens

(D) providing detailed information about a candidates private behavior

9. The author states that politicians assert but do not argue (line 18) in order to suggest that

politicians

(A) make claims without providing reasons for the claims

(B) take stronger positions on issues than in the past

(C) enjoy explaining the issue to broadcasters

(D) dislike having to explain their own positions on issues to citizens

10. The word Reliance in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) abundance

(B) clarification

(C) dependence

(D) information

11. The purpose of paragraph 4 is to suggest that

(A) politicians will need to learn to become more personal when meeting citizens

(B) politicians who are considered very attractive are favored by citizens over politicians who are

less attractive

(C) citizens tend to favor a politician who analyzed the issue over one who does not

(D) citizens will need to learn how to evaluate visual political images in order to become better

informed

12. According to paragraph 5, staged political events are created so that politicians can

(A) create more time to discuss political issues

(B) obtain more television coverage for themselves

(C) spend more time talking to citizens in person

(D) engages in debates with their opponents

13. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage ?

(A) Political presentations today are more like advertisements than in the past.

(B) Politicians today tend to be more familiar with the views of citizens than in the past.

(C) Citizens today are less informed about a politician's character than in the past.

(D) Political speeches today focus more on details about issues than in the past.

2. The word disseminated in line 2 is closest in meaning to

篇4:考研明晰定位 攻克英语阅读碉堡

考研明晰定位 攻克英语阅读碉堡

阅读攻坚:紧抓中心思想,提升解题技巧

通过对大联考的分值分析对比可以发现相对于阅读A新题型部分的正确率要高一些。因此在阅读A部分的解题技巧等各方面都需要在冲刺阶段加强。

建议同学们在做阅读的时候一定要首先读文章的首段,把握好文章的主旨和中心思想是什么,因为考研英语阅读的命题规律基本是围绕着主线来的。做题第二步是划出各选项中的关键词/信号词,然后一一查找对应,选出答案。

不仅仅是阅读A,在做新题型,即阅读B的时候,同学们也同样可以采用一些技巧来做题。新题型极讲究做题技巧,同学们做题时将老师讲过的内容掌握住,这部分就没有什么大问题。

当然,通过看全国考研英语成绩水平,同学们对自身所处的位置已经有了初步的了解,但这并不代表最后也一定如此,临战磨枪不快也光,在考研冲刺复习的最后两周里,只要同学们掌握好答题技巧,相信考研英语提升一大截也是没有问题的。

阅读攻坚:掌握四类题型答题技巧,英语阅读不再话下

“考研成败看英语,英语成败看阅读。”其实这句话是指研究真题非常重要,把历年真题研究透彻,胜过做几百套模拟题。总结来说,英语阅读并没有同学们想象的那么可怕,无非就是以下几种题型:

1、中心思想类:这类题要注意主题句和各段首末句。有时候出题者一直强调的、频繁出现在文章中的字眼,就很有可能是整篇文章的中心思想,提醒同学们一定要注意这种题的陷阱――以偏概全,出现和原文几乎一模一样的句子,然后等着考生往里跳;另外一种陷阱就是偷梁换柱――要么对原句中的细微处做了改动,要么截取文章中的词语或类似结构进行编造。要么在备选项中把因说成果,把果说成因,把别人的观点或出题者反对的观点说成是出题者自身的观点。因此同学们一定要注意,非常相似的选项不一定正确,除非程度、范围都与原文完全一致。

2、情感态度类:这种题型在阅读的时候一定要把握宏观,通读全文之后才可做出判断,因为情感态度题一般都是和文章的主旨相关联的。做这种题型的时候,一定要注意文章的but、while、although等转折型的关联词,不要被转折前面的大意误导。在这里,建议大家看下俞敏洪红宝书中“十年真题阅读词汇”里的“标志性词汇”,有关情感态度题可能出现的情感词汇整理较为详细。

3、陌生词汇类:这种题目几乎每年都会考到。很多考生看到这种题型,以为这个单词从未见过当然不知道词义,便直接放弃。其实,这种做法很不明智,因为被猜单词的意思不是由单词自身决定,而是由其所在句子与其相应的`已知单词来决定,所以哪怕这个单词属于“我不认识你”类型也无关紧要。一般可以通过看这类词的同位语或插入语,然后根据上下文来判断。

4、数据分析类:在平时做题的时候就要有目的性,留意一下数据的倍数、一半、三倍等词汇,把文章中出现的数字划出来慢慢分析。做这类题唯一办法的就是对常见的数字系统总结一下,特别是几分之几的表达方式。

考研教育网提醒广大考生多总结一些各科的解题技巧,将会给考研初试成绩的提升带来很大的帮助,尤其是英语阅读,到冲刺末期更应该有明晰的定位,掌握以上提到的四类题型,攻坚英语阅读“碉堡”。

篇5:考研英语阅读神奇定位法

考研英语阅读神奇定位法

中国大学网研究生考试:考研的文章一般400-500字左右,如此短的文章中夹杂着生僻的单词和疑难句,从而使得阅读工作变得异常困难。那么在这其中,我们应当怎么做呢? 在此我建议大家使用如下的方法。

步骤方法如下:

1、扫读文章,了解基本内容、作者立场和文章结构。一般而言,我们所要阅读的内容集中在文章首段、各段首尾句和转折句处。

2、仔细读题目,划出“标杆词”――最独特的词组、数字或符号(如生词、拼写较长或很短的词、大写的词、斜体词、百分比、年代或日期、货币代号等)。

3、扫视全文,一旦找到和题目相对应的信息,立马放慢速度,直到所读意群表达意思与题目无关为止。

4、对比选项,选出最适合的答案。

5、在定位的同时,要结合自然段定位的原则辅助定位。

好了,亲爱的同学们,让我们一块走进下一个板块,真题解析。

真题解析( Text1)

A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.

It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.) Foreign made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.

All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.

How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self doubt has yielded to blind pride. “American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. “It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”

51. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.

[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal

[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before

[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors

[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy

52. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American ________.

[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market

[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises

[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions

[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market

53. What can be inferred from the passage?

[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.

[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.

[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.

[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development.

54. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the ________.

[A] turning of the business cycle

[B] restructuring of industry

[C] improved business management

[D] success in education

第一步,扫读文章,确定文章的写作对象――美国的工商业在二战后由兴旺到衰退再到复兴的过程。

第二步,仔细审题,确定关键字。(见题目)

51题,询问的是二战后美国达到了主导地位,原因是什么?根据二战的信息,我们定位在第一段。使用排除法,容易排出ABD选项,A选项中painstaking错误,因为文章是说的effortless,是一个“不费力的`过程”,而此处是说“痛苦”显然错误。B选项比较对象发生了错误,文章是说“和任何的竞争者相比,大八倍”,而选项是说“和自己以前相比,大八倍”。D选项中unparalleled,原文不是修饰workforce,而此处却修饰workforce,故而错误。由于考研四选一,故而可以直接选C。C选项是文章第一段最后一句的同义诠释。

52题,20世纪80年代,美国在世界经济方面丧失了主导地位,主要表现在下面哪一事实。A选项,重叠原文不难发现,文中说,电视制造业已经消失。但是选项却说“退回了国内市场”。B选项,文中中“半导体业将会成为下一个受害对象”。选项却说,已经被国外市场所吞并。C选项,望文生义,原文中的on the ropes是岌岌可危,但是选项却当成了自杀性行为,故而错误,排除法,D选项正确。

53题,通过使用自然段定位法,不难定位在第三段。推理题型。根据凯程小技巧,我们正确答案定位于BD之间,D选项在文中首句出现,但是偷换了概念,首句使用的词语是long and effortless 但是被替换成了long,故而错误,所以答案就是B了。

54题,作者将90年代美国经济的复苏,归因于――。这里再次使用凯程小技巧(众人皆醉我独醒)将答案定位于Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.重叠选项,仅有A是符合题意的。

怎么样,同学们,看完了解释,是不是觉得考研的文章有时也仅仅是“纸老虎”呢,只要我们从现在开始坚定地锻炼基本功,扎扎实实的掌握考研必备的知识点,冲击高分就不再是梦想。

/kaoyan

篇6:四六级阅读各题型高效解题法

比较原则

比较结构

1、比较级,比较级的表现形式是+er或more。

2、最高级,最高级表现形式是+est 或most。

3、词汇首段,作为比较来考的词汇有:――like,unlike,different from ,differ from

4、句型结构――as……as

二、绝对意义――first , least, none

三、唯一性――only solely unique

如何思考:

1、将问题中或选项中的比较原则与原文类似语言现象相对应

2、文章中的比较原则一般都对应后文的问题,四级原文出现比较要敏锐的感觉道一般都会有一道题目的。特别是全文的段首句、段末句和文章中心解释句。

3、选项中出现比较在原文找不到对应时,该选项直接错误。Only most less more。

指代原则

做题步骤:

1、返回原文找到指代词所在的位置

2、向上搜索名词性的词组或句子

3、用四个选项替换该指代题

4、补充说明――this that it such 既可以指代单数名词,也可以指代他们之前的句子。

主题题型

1、有主题句时,与主题句相对应的为正确答案――如何找主题句:主题句具有总结性,一般位于文中三个地方①全文首句(出现得最多)②一段末句,一段末句出现转折或结论时常出现主题。③第二段的一、二句,二段对一段进行总结或否定时常出现主题。例如进行总结的文章;进行否定的文章;

2、文中没有主题句时,各段首句相加,其中共有的词汇为本文的主体词,必须出现在主题题型的正确答案中。

主题词的特征有:①一般为名词或名词词组;②出现频率较高;③一般位于段落首句。

根据语言提示寻找主题

1、根据文章结构确定主题,常见的结构有:

①结论解释型的文章,结论为主题所在。一般首句是个判断句或者有态度时就常是结论,尤其是首句之后紧跟较长的例子或细节时。

②现象解释型的文章,解释为文章主题所在。――问句出现在一段首末句,问句等于现象。回答就是主题。

③问题解决方案型文章,解决方案为文章主题。

2、文章首句中的主题名词,尤其是主语在后文被重复时,暗示首句为本文的主题句。

主题题型的变体

1、标题,本文最好的标题

①正确答案对应文章的主题词;②选项范围要恰如其分;

2、写过目的①写作目的等于中心思想;②文章中谈到困难或问题(problem,difficulty,hardship)时,包含下列动词的选项优先考虑:warn,remind,

四、主题题型的正误选项的特征

1、正确选项必须包含文中的主题词;

2、错误选项主要有两种:①包含细节;②出现了原文中没有提到的内容。

文章中出现两个对立观点时,作者可以明确支持其中一派;如果不明确支持其中一派,他的态度一般是折衷的。

词义题

一、返回原文找到被考的词或短语

二、做题方法

①根据上下文确定同义或反义关系(寻找词性和语法功能相同的词,根据他们来确定意思)

②根据词根或动词词组的副词判断意义

三、字面意思或大纲中的第一个意思通常不是答案

例证题

1、例证题的总原则:问一个例子或类比的目的或原因,答案为该例子前后总结说明性的话。

2、两种模式:

①先总结,后例子答案往前找;给出例子时常有提示词:for example ,for instance

②先例子后总结答案往后找;给出总结时常用提示词:therefore thus 等结论性词汇。

3、三种情况:①全文性的例子,答案为本文的主题;②段落性的例子,答案指向段落主题句,在本段的首末句;③在没有标志词的情况下,问一个单词例证什么,通常等于问该单词在句子中的意思;

例证题和指代题一样,比较干扰选项是比较不出来的,选出正确答案了就不要看其他的选项了。

对于文章写的比较郁闷,作者观点不明确的文章,作者对文中的问题一般表示关注。

因果原则

1、隐性因果:即问题出现因果词,但原文找到的句子没有因果词,一般集中与段落的前两句;尤其是前一句是因后一句是果。

2、显性因果:①因果名词(在问题中有因果,在原文中也有因果):reason result basis ②因果动词:base on ,be due to , result from , result in ③因果连词或介词:because, with, why , for, as ④因果副词:therefore , thus ,as a result 在文章中看见因果词就要想到后面会考到;在选项中看到因果词,就要想到文中的因果现象。

如果文章中谈一个现实问题,解决方案一般不够完美,所以涉及解决方案的选项具有以下特征才是正确的:①目前解决方案不行;②需要继续寻找解决方案。

实验型文章实验目的指向主题或目的不定式,对于实验性文章,实验代表人物有了,再看实验目的,然后是实验结果,凡是与这三点无关的句子都要快读。

有时候有的段落没有题,没有题的段落出现在选项里常常是干扰选项。

选项错误大多跟形容词和副词有关。

文章的主题可以用两个方式来表达:①直接阐述作者的观点;②否定与作者相反、相对立的观点。

推理题

1、问题中有线索时,根据线索找到原文相关句,与相关句意思一致的为正确答案。所以说不管题目中有imply include infer,只要问题中有一个线索,比如:人名、地名、关键词,就拿着这些词回原文找和原句一对应,就出来答案。

2、infer题,一般对应相应段落,否则对应文章主题。此类题目一般题干光秃秃的没有什么线索,这时我们应该看该题的位置,如果是文章开始,那就对应文章开始;出在2、3、4那就一般和234对应,最多错一个段落,否则就是对应文章主题;如果在最后的话,那优先对应文章最后。

3、推论(conclude)题:①为第一题时,通常对应文章主题;②为2、3、4题时,基本上针对文章中间段落;③为最后一道题时,优先对应文章最后部分,有时也针对文章主题。与主题有关的优先考虑。

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