【导语】“比吧布鲁巴公主”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了12篇非谓语动词复习教案 :倒装句语法及巩固练习，以下是小编整理后的非谓语动词复习教案 :倒装句语法及巩固练习，希望你喜欢，也可以帮助到您，欢迎分享！
- 目录
篇1：非谓语动词复习教案 :倒装句语法及巩固练习
完全倒装：
1.用于There be 句型和here,there,out,in,down,then,now,off,away,
+不及物动词＋主语（代词作主语时除外）的句型中。
Here comes the bus. Now comes your turn.
Away ran the little boy. 比较： Here she comes.
2.表语用句首时要倒装，其结构为：
(1)表语＋连系动词＋主语
Present at the meeting were Professor Smith and many other
Guests.
(2)过去分词＋连系动词＋主语
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the
Chinese people.
(3)介词短语＋be(lie/live/stand)等＋主语
South of the city lies a big steel factory.
In the forest lives a tiger.
Under the tall tree stands an old man, who is Jim’s grandfather.
3.带有直接引语的句子位于引语后面或中间时，如
“Don’t make noise,please!” said the man.
比较：“Don’t make noise,please” he said.
4.为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语可倒装。
They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat an old farmer.
Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens.
部分倒装：
1.用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,little,not until, at no time, rarely,
in no way,by no means 等含有否定意义的词的开头,引起部分倒装。
Not a word did he say at the meeting.
Never have I been to Beijing.
2.用于only 所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句开头时，引起主句
倒装。（但only 修饰主语时不倒装：如：Only Mr Smith can do it.)
Only in this way can we learn English well.
Only when the war was over in 1981 was he able to get happily back
to work.
3.用于由so,nor ,neither引起的表前者的情况也适合后者时，引起
倒装。如：－－I like swimming. --So do I.
--I didn’t pass the final examination. -- Nor/Neither did I.
试比较：--He is an American boy. --So he is.
4.由并列连词not only…but also, neither…nor连接的句子，
not only, neither放在句首时，引起部分倒装。
Not only does he write the words to the songs,but he also composes
the music.
5.用于由从属连词no sooner…than, scarcely…when/before, hardly…
when表示“一…就…”的概念，当no sooner, scarcely,或hardly置于
句首时，引起倒装。
Scarcely had I got home when it started to snow.
6.so …that的句型，如果so…提到句首，则构成部分倒装。
So loudly did he speak that people in the next room could hear him.
7.虚拟条件句有were,should,had 时，可将基提到句首，if 省略，
即构成倒装虚拟条件句。
Were I you,I would accept their invitation.
8.用于“形容词（副词，名词，动词）＋as(或though)”引导的让步
状语从句中，但主谓不倒装。如：
Pretty as she is, she is not clever.
Try as he would, he might fail again.
Much as he likes it, he won’t buy it.
如果从句中的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词。
如: Child as he was, he had to make a living.
二、巩固练习：
1.So ____ that no fish can live in it.
A.shallow is the lake B.the lake is shallow
C.shallow the lake is D.is the lake shallow
2.Little _____ about his own safety, though he was in great
danger himself.
A.does he care B.did he care C.he cares D.he cared
3._____ seen him before, ____ tell you his name?
A.Never have I;how I can B.I have never; how I can
C.Never have I; how can I D.I never have;how can I
4.Hardly _____ the bus stop _____the bus arrived.
A.we had got to; when B.we had got to; then
C.had we got to; than D.had we got to; when
5.-You seem to be an actor.
-- _____.I have played many parts in a lot of films.
A.So do I. B.So am I C.So I do. D.So I am.
6.____ ,he never seems able to do the work beautifully.
A.Try as he does B.As he tries
C.Try as does he D.As try he does
7.– I can’t see the picture well from here. --_____________.
A.Neither can’t I B.Neither I can
C.I can’t neither D.Neither can I
8.Not until he arrived home______ he find that his wallet had been
stolen.
A.did B.would C.when D.that
9.So carelessly _____ that he almost killed himself.
A.he drives B.does he drive C.did he drive D.he drove
10.Nowhere else in the world ______ cheaper tailoring than
in Hong Kong. A.a tourist can find B.can a tourist find
C.a tourist will find D.a tourist has found.
11._________ succeed in doing anything.
A.Only by working hard we can B.By only working hard we can
C.Only we can by working hard D.Only by working hard can we
12.Not only _____ repair bikes but he ____repair televisions.
A.he can; also can B.he can; can also
C.can he; also can D.can he; can also
13._____ did we go swimming in the Changjiang River.
A.Only B.Once C.Seldom D.When
14.So rapidly _____ that we could hardly follow him.
A.he spoke B.did he speak
C.he was speaking D.was he speaking
15.The door opened and _____ a middle-aged woman _____ an
expensive fur coat.
A.came in; in B.in came; in C.came in;on D. in came; on
16.____,he managed to send his daughter to school.
A.Poor man he was B.A poor man as he was
C.A poor man as was he D.Poor man as he was
17.No sooner ____ the thief stolen out of the store _____
he was caught by the collar.
A.did;when B.had;then C.had;suddenly D.had; than
18.When they hatch(孵化),_____ the little white worms.
A.come out B.out come C.out comes D.have come out
19._____my wife with a wallet in her hands just when I was
about to quarrel with a workmate about it.
A.There enter B.There entered
C.Entered there D.There entered into
20They thought somewhere in the desert _____ an ancient
city.
A.being B.lay C.was there D.lay there
04各省市高考--倒装句
1. There’s _____ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _____?
A. little; some B. little; any C. a little; some D. a little; any
2.- I would never ever come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!
- _____.
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I
3. ____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
4.Maybe you have been to many countries , but nowhere else_______ such a beautiful palace .
A.can you find B. you could find
C.you can find D.could you find
5. A modern city has been set up in________ was a wasteland ten years ago .
A. what B. which C. that D. where
6.I failed in the final examination last term and only then________ the importance of studies.
A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
篇2：语法教案：非谓语动词
分类说明
非谓语动词包括三种形式：动词不定式、动词的-ing形式及动词的过去分词。所谓非渭语动词，它虽不具有动词的性质，即在句子中充当谓语，但仍然具有动词的特征，即可带有本身宾语或状语构成非谓语动词短语，在句子中作除谓语以外的任何成分。
在非谓语动词的复习中须注意：
1，非谓语动词的否定式
不定式的否定式是在不定式to前加not，如：not to go there；动词-ing形式及过去分词的否定式是在动词-ing形式及过去分词之前加not，如：not knowing about it，not having got it。not informed。
2．非谓语动词的逻辑主语
动词不定式、动词的-ing形式作主语时，可以没有自己的主语，也可带有自己的主语。动词不定式的主语一般用介词for／of接代词的宾格或名词，成为It’s +adj．+for／of sb．to do sth．形式；动词的-ing形式的主语一般用形容词性物主代词或名词的所有格。
动词不定式、动词的-ing形式作宾语时，它们的逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语。但
动词的-ing形式可以有自己的逻辑主语，其形式一般为代词的宾格、名词的普通格名词的所有格。
动词不定式、动词的．ing形式及动词的过去分词作状语时，它们的逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语。当非谓语动词的动作是句子主语发出的时，用主动形式；当非谓语动词的动作是句子主语所承受的时，用过去分词、不定式或动词的-ing形式的被动形式；当动词不定式、动词的．ing形式或过去分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，前面可用代词的主格或名词的普通格作逻辑主语，从而形成独立主格结构。
动词不定式、动词的．ing形式及动词的过去分词作状语时，有的已经从非谓语动词中游离出来而成为固定的短语，从而没有自己的逻辑主语，如：judging by／from，provided／providing，given，to be true，tell you the truth，let alone…
3．非谓语动词的时态
动词不定式一般表示发生在谓语动作之后的事情，若要表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的事情，须用不定式的完成式；动词的-ing形式一般表与谓语动词动作同时进行的动作，若要表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的事情，须用动词的-ing形式的完成式。
4．非谓语动词的应用
(1)作主语：动词不定式作主语表示特定的、一次性的事情；动词的-ing形式作主语表示经常性的、习惯性或职业性的事情。
(2)作宾语：熟悉并掌握哪些动词接不定式作宾语；哪些动词或短语接动词的-ing形式作宾语；哪些动词或短语既可接动词不定式又可接动词的-ing形式作宾语。need，want，require接动词的．ing形式作宾语，表被动意义，相当于接不定式的被动形式。
(3)作表语：动词不定式表示某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为；动词的-ing形式并不强调动作，而只说明动作的名称。
(4)作宾语补足语：熟悉并掌握哪些动词或短语接不定式作宾语补足语；哪些动词或短语接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语；哪些动词或短语既可接动词的-ing形式又可接不定式作宾语补足语；何时用主动形式作宾语补足语，何时用被动形式或过去分词作宾语补足语。
(5)作定语：A．注意非谓语动词的形式：不定式作定语一般用主动式，只有当不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语或宾语时，才用被动式；动词的一ing形式、过去分词作定语时，如果动作是所修饰的词发出的，就用动词的．ing形式；如果动作是所修饰的词承受的，就用过去分词。B．非谓语动词的位置：不定式、动词的．ing形式及过去分词短语作定语时，都要放在所修饰的词之后；单个的动词的．ing形式或过去分词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的词之前。
特别需注意：N．+doing +n．／N．+done +n．的区别：动作由名词发出或是名词的目的或内容时用-ing形式，如：an English speaking country，Tree Planting Day；动作是名词承受的时用过去分词，如：a horse driven car，mall．made satellites。
不及物动词的不定式作定语，与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，不及物动词后面的介词不能丢。
(6)作状语：A．注意句子的主语跟非谓语动词动作的关系；B．非谓语动词起相同作用时的区别，如：不定式、动词的-ing形式都能表示结果，但不定式一般表示出乎意料的结果，不定式前面常用only，never等词修饰；而动词的．ing形式表示一种事情发展的自然或必然的结果。不定式、动词的-ing形式都能表示目的，但不定式作目的状语时，一般位于句首，若位于句末时不能用逗号将它与句子分开；动词的-ing形式表示目的时．一般位于句尾，并且常用逗号将它与句子分开。
5．不定式to的省略
(1)动词see，watch，hear，feel，notice，observe，look at．1isten to．1et，have，make接不定式作宾补时，不定式的to应省略，但句子变为被动语态时，不定式的to不能省略。
(2)and，but等连接两个不定式时，若and，but等前面有do的某种形式时，后面不、定式的to应省略。
(3)不定式作表语时，若主语中有do的某种形式，表谓不定式的to应省略。
回放真题
真题1(2004甘肃、青海卷25)
It shames me to say it，but I told a lie when ________at the meeting by my boss．
A．questioning B．having questioned C．questioned D．to be questioned
【答案及解析】 C根据非谓语动词的动作与句子主语的关系，可排除选项A、B；根据句子谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作先后关系，答案选c，表被动及完成。
真题2(2004甘肃、青海卷27)
Alice returned from the manager’s office，________me that the boss wanted to see me at once．
A．having told B．tells C．to tell D．telling
【答案及解析】D根据句子结构排除选项B；根据句子谓语动词所表示的动作与非谓语动词所表示的动作的时间顺序，答案选D。
真题3(2004重庆卷30)
Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _______.
A．worried B．to worry C．worrying D．worry
【答案及解析】A get接宾语补足语表宾语的动作、状态、身份等。宾语与补足语是被动的主谓关系，而过去分词正好表被动意义。get sb worried意思是：让某人担忧。
真题4(2004广东卷26)
________the programme，they have to stay there for another two weeks．
A. Not completing B．Not completed
C．Not having completed D．Having not completed
【答案及解析】 C根据非谓语动词的否定形式的构成，排除选项D；根据非谓语动词与句子主语的关系，排除B；根据句子的意思，没有完成计划的动作应发生在have to stay动作之前，故答案选C。
真题5(2004福建卷27)
The news reporters hurried to the airport，only ________the film stars had left．
A．to tell B．to be told C．telling D．told
【答案及解析】 B 根据句子的意思，记者们赶到机场时发现意外的结果．因此，排除C、D；根据与句子的关系，不是记者告诉他人，而是人家告诉记者，故答案选B。
真题6(2004福建卷34)
Having been ill in bed for nearly a month，he had a hard time ________the exam．
A．pass B．to pass C．passed D．passing
【答案及解析】D have a hard time(in)doing sth．意思是：在……方面有困难。
真题7(2004湖北卷28)
________with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at a11．
A. Compare B．When comparing C．Comparing D．When compared
【答案及解析】D根据句子结构，排除选项A；根据动词与主句主语的关系，排除选项B、C；故答案选D。
真题8(2004辽宁卷25)
I don t know whether you happen ________，but I’m going to study in the U．S．A．this September．
A. to be heard B．to be heating C．to hear D．to have heard
【答案及解析】D根据后半句的内容，“我”将去美国学习，可知前半句是问对方是否已听说过“我”的事情了。故答案选D，表示在此之前。
真题9(2004辽宁卷30)
________by the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm．
A．Attracting B．Attracted C．To be attracted D．Having attracted
【答案及解析】 B根据动词与句子的主语的关系，女孩被吸引，从而排除选项A、D；再根据时间关系，C表示将来的情况，而句子是过去的事实，答案选B。
真题10(2004浙江卷29)
Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company，________as 3M．
A. knowing B．known C．being known D．to be known
【答案及解析】 B分词形式作定语，grow为及物动词，不带宾语，故选B。
真题11(2004浙江卷32)
I’ve never seen anyone run so fast ________David go．
A．just watch B．just to watch
C．just watching D．just having watched
【答案及解析】A根据破折号及just的用法，故采用祈使句形式，答案选A。
真题12(2004江苏卷25)
The man insisted ________ a taxi for me even though I told him l lived nearby．
A．find B．to find C．on finding D．in finding
【答案及解析】 C insist on doing sth是个固定短语，意为坚持做某事。
真题13(2004广西卷22)
Helen had to shout above the sound of the music．
A．making herself hear B．to make herself hear
C．making herself heard D．to make herself heard
【答案及解析】D短语作状语表结果、伴随、原因等，但若表目的，应用动词不定式。本题意为：为了能让自己被人听见，Helen只好大喊。Make oneself done意为：让自己被……，故D为正确答案。
真题14(2004广西卷31)
Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV；there are pictures ________in your mind instead of before your eyes．
A．to form B．form C．forming D．having formed
【答案及解析】C forming在句中作定语。Forming in your mind=which forms in your mind．
真题15(2004江苏卷31)
The old man，________abroad for twenty years，is on the way back to his motherland．
A．to work B．working C．to have worked D．having worked
【答案及解析】 D现在分词完成式表主动和完成(到谓语动作发生时，非谓语的动作已完成)。
真题16(2004全国[河南、河北、山东、福建]28)
Sarah．hurry up．I’m afraid you can’t have time to ________before the party．
A．get changed B．get change C．get changing D．get to change
【答案及解析】A不定式短语作目的状语，而根据句子的意思，从句的主语you不是给人家更衣，而是给自己更衣，它是不定式动作的承受者，故答案选A，表示被动语态。意思是：没有时间来更衣了。
真题17(2004四川卷28)
“We can’t go out in this weather，”said Bob，________out of the window．
A．1ooking B．to look C．looked D．having looked
【答案及解析】A现在分词一般式表伴随，表Bob说话的同时往窗口外望；B表示未发生的动作；C表示完成；D表示动作发生在said之前，都不符题意，故答案选A。
真题18(2004上海卷27)
According to a recent U．S．survey，children spent up to 25 hours a week ________TV．
A．to watch B．to watching C．watching D．watch
【答案及解析】C spend的用法：spend some time／some money in doing sth。
真题19(2004上海卷33)
The flu is believed ________by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat．
A．causing B．being caused C．to be caused D．be have caused
【答案及解析】c不定式作补足语时，如果不定式的动作是前面名词或代词发出，用主动形式；若前面名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式用被动语态。因此答案选C。
真题20(2004上海卷34)
The flowers _________sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature．
A．to smell B．smelling C．smelt D．to be smelt
【答案及解析】 B现在分词作定语，说明被修饰词目前的性质，状态、动作等。
真题21(2004上海卷35)
The disc，digitally _____in the studio，sounded fantastic at the party that night．
A．recorded B．recording C．to be recorded D．having recorded
【答案及解析】A动词的-ing表示主动，意思是前面名词所发出的动作，说明当前的性质、状态或动作；过去分词表被动或完成；不定式表将来；动词的-ing的完成时指动作发生在句子动作之前，也表主动。根据本题意思，正确答案为A，表示被录制的唱片。
真题22(2004上海卷42)
Having been attacked by terrorists，________．
A．doctors came to their rescue B．the tall building collapsed
C．an emergency measure was taken D．warnings were given to tourists
【答案及解析】 B分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。由前面分词的语态可知，句子的主语应该是the tall building，因此答案选B。
真题23(2004上海卷49)
Some people like dinking coffee，for it has ________effects．
A．promoting B．stimulating C．enhancing D．encouraging
【答案及解析】 B promoting：提升的，enhancing：加强的，encouraging：鼓励的，与题意不符。只有B表有刺激性的，能说明咖啡有刺激作用。故答案为B。
真题24(2004天津卷34)
Don’t leave the water ________while you brush your teeth．
A．run B．running C．being run D．to run
【答案及解析】 B非谓语动词作宾语补足语时，选项A、D表示将来可能的动作；B、C表示一直不停的动作，而B表示宾语发出的动作，c表示宾语承受的动作。根据句子意思，答案选B，指水不停地流出。
真题25(2004北京卷23)
My advisor encouraged--a summer course to improve my writing skills．
A．for me to take B．me taking C．for me to take D．me to take
【答案及解析】D考查动词encourage sb．to do sth．的结构。意思是：我的顾问鼓励我去参加暑季课程以提高我的写作技巧。
真题26(2004北京卷29)
________in the queue for half an hour，Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home．
A．To wait B．Have waited C．Having waited D．To have waited
【答案及解析】 C考查分词短语作状语。当Tom意识到钱包忘在家里时，已经排队等了半小时。因此，答案选C，表示分词的动作发生在句子谓语动词的动作之前。
真题27(2004湖南卷33)
You were silly not ________your car．
A．to lock B．to have locked C．1ocking D．having locked
【答案及解析】 B考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知：这是对已发事故的责备，没有锁车的行为发生在责备之前，应该用完成式，排除A、C；再根据非谓语动词的含义，不定式表示某具体的事情，而动词的-ing形式表示经常性或习惯性的行为，从而可推知答案选B。
真题28(2004北京春季卷32)
He looked around and caught a man ________his hand into the pocket of a passenger．
A．put B．to be putting C．to put D．putting
【答案及解析】D catch sb doing sth意为发觉某人正在做某事，doing sth在此用作宾补。选项A表示前面名词所承受的动作，不妥；选项B表示将来某个时候正在做的事情；选项c表示事情还没有做，都不合情理。
真题29(2004上海春季卷35)
I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon．Do you have anything ________?
A．to be buying B．to buy C．for buying D．bought
【答案及解析】B 动词不定式作定语，当它的逻辑主语为句子的主语时，用主动形式。
真题30(2004上海春季卷39)
The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________as the plane was making a landing．
A．seat B．seating C．seated D．to be seating
【答案及解析】C remain可作连系动词，相当于be。再看seat的用法：seat oneself in／on／at…可转化为：sb be seated in／on／at…。
真题31(2004上海春季卷40)
Victor apologized for ________to inform me of the change in the plan-
A．his being not able B．him not to be able
C．his not being able D．him to be not able
【答案及解析】C首先，apologize的句法结构为apologize for one’s／sb doing sth，于是排除B、D，再看非谓语动词的否定式：否定词必须在非谓语动词的前面。故答案选C。
真题32(2004上海春季卷42)
After his journey form abroad，Richard Johns returned home，________．
A．exhausting B．exhausted C．being exhausted D．having exhausted
【答案及解析】 B exhausting与exhausted意义区别。exhausted意思是：感到精疲力竭的，说明主语的状态；exhausting意为：令人精疲力竭的，说明主语的性质或特征。根据语境Richard是人，只能用选项B来表示他所处的状态。而A、C、D在此都不合题意。
真题33(2003全国卷22)
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________in the kitchen．
A．smoke B．smoking C．to smoke D．smoked
【答案及解析】 B考查非谓语动词在句中作及物动词被动语态的主语补足语的用法。find接补足语时的句型为find sb／sth doing／to be…／to have done．．．／done．不能接其它不定式作补足语。根据句意，只有厨师在厨房里正吸烟时被发现才能被解雇。因此，只能用现在分词表进行，不能用动词不定式(不定式常表示“具体的”已发生的或未发生的行为)。译文：如果(有人)发现厨师在厨房里吸烟，他就会马上被解雇。
真题34(2003北京卷21)
The teacher asked us ________so much noise．
A．don’t make B．not make C．not making D．not to make
【答案及解析】D考查不定式用法。在动词ask后面用不定式作复合宾语．其否定形式是not to do。常见的这类动词还有：tell，warn, order, advise等。
真题35(2003北京卷28)
________time，he’11 make a first-class tennis player．
A. Having given B．To give C．Giving D．Given
【答案及解析】D考查非谓语动词。句意：要是给他时问，他会成为一流的网球运动员。不定式作状语表示目的，排除B。分词作状语要看与主语的关系。句子主语he是give的逻辑宾语，用过去分词。注意当从句主语和主句的主语保持一致时，从句可省略(If he is)，排除A和c项。
真题36(2003上海卷37)
The discovery of new evidence led to ________．
A．the thief having caught B．catch the thief
C．the thief being caught D．the thief to be caught
【答案及解析】C lead to这个词组中to是介词，后面跟名词，于是B、D被排除；the thief是动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构，与catch之间应是被动关系，故排除A。
真题37(2003上海卷43)
An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered ________ clear warnings before firing any shots．
A. to issue B．being issued C．to have issued D．to be issued
【答案及解析】 A order后应按不定式，即order sb to do sth，因此B被排除。又因为issue clear warnings(发出明显警告)的主语是all the soldiers，也就是说all the soldiers是issue的施动者，所以issue要用主动形式，D也被排除。句子没有强调动作对现在造成的影响，不必用完成时态，而且句子中的had been ordered所接的动作，指命令后要做而还未做的事，故只用一般不定式。答案为A。
真题38(2003北京春季卷35)
Mr. Smith，________of the ________speech, started to read a novel．
A. tired；boring B．tiring；bored C. tired；bored D．tiring；boring
【答案及解析】 A tired of“感到厌倦”，过去分词作状语，常用来形容人；boring“令人厌烦的”，形容词，常用来形容物。所以其中状语可分解为：Mr. Smith was tired of the speech．The speech was boring．译文：听烦了乏味的演讲，Mr. Smith’读起了小说。
真题39(2003安徽春季卷22)
--Why did you go back to the shop?
--I left my friend ________there．
A. waiting B．to wait C．wait D．waits
【答案及解析】A leave sb doing使某人处于某种状态，这一动作持续一段时间。D排除，因此处应用非谓语动词；B、C无持续状态的意思。答案为A。
真题40(2003安徽春季卷28)
The manager ________his factory’s products were poor in quality，decided to give his workers further training．
A．knowing B．known C．to know D．being known
【答案及解析】A变为定语从句应为“ne manager．who knew his factory’s products were poor in quality…”know为主动，排除B、D。定语从句变为短语应用分词短语来表示。答案为A。
真题41(2003安徽春季卷32)
The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________whether he was going in the right direction．
A. seeing B．having seen C．to have seen D．to see
【答案及解析】 D 原句应为…as if he stopped and looked to see whether由于从句与主句有相同的主语和谓语，故将从句的主语、谓语同时省略，而只留下目的状语。
真题42(2003上海春季卷35)
Friendship is like money：easier made than ________．
A．kept B．to be kept C．keeping D．being kept
【答案及解析】A西方谚语中，常用单词的相同形式进行表达，m。d。和kept都是过去分词，表示被动。答案为A。
真题43(2003上海春季卷36)
________the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement．
A．The president will attend B．The president to attend
C．The president attended D．The president’s attending
【答案及解析】D从句子结构来看，句子中已经有谓语，故选项A排除；选项B为即将亲自参加会议的总统给他们鼓舞，讲不通，因为给出鼓舞的应该是事或精神，而不应该是人；选项C中的attended若作谓语，则与句子结构矛盾，若作过去分词，又与前面的“总统”的关系矛盾；因此，只有D正确，句子的意思是：“总统亲自出席这次会议”这件事给了他们莫大的鼓舞。
真题44(2003上海春季卷37)
Unless ________to speak，you should remain silent at the conference．
A．invited B．inviting C．being invited D．having invited
【答案及解析】A在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，从句的主语可以省略，而将从句中的谓语动词变为分词形式。当从句的谓语动词的动作为主句的主语所发出时，用现在分词形式；当从句的谓语动词的动作为主句的主语所承受时，用过去分词形式。
真题45(2003上海春季卷38)
She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ________ in making the earth a better place to live．
A．to have played B．to play C．to be played D．to be playing
【答案及解析】 B根据句子中所暗含的时间，是指要起的作用，故排除选项A和D；而不定式作定语时，若不定式的动作为句子的主语或宾语所发出时，用主动语态而不用被动语态，故答案选B。
真题46(2002全国卷32)
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple，but it remains ________whether they will enjoy it．
A．to see B．to be seen C．seeing D．seen
【答案及解析】 B这是一个主语从句。it作形式主语，whether they will enjoy it作真正的主语。remain后接to do sth．作表语。see与主语从句是动宾关系，所以要用to be seen作remains的表语。
真题47(2002全国卷34)
The research is so designed that once ________nothing can be done to change it．
A．begins B．having begun C．beginning D．begun
【答案及解析】D once begun在句子中作状语。begin可以作及物动词，意思是“着手”。译文：这项研究设计得那么好，一旦着手研究，就没有什么地方要更改的了。
真题48(2002北京卷34)
----How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
----The key________ the problem is to meet the demand _______by the customers．
A．to solving；making B．to solving；made
C．to solve；making D．to solve；made
【答案及解析l B to放在key的后面作介词，后接动名词；过去分词短语
made by the customers作demand的定语。make与demand是动宾关系，所以要
用过去分词。这句话的意思是“解决问题的关键是满足顾客的要求”。
真题49(2002上海卷25)
In order to gain a bigger share in the international market，many state-run companies are striving ________their products more competitive．
A．to make B．making C．to have made D．having made
【答案及解析】 A strive to do sth=try to do sth“非常努力做某事”，动词不定式作目的状语，表示努力的目的。译文：为了在国际市场上取得更大的份额，许多国有公司正努力使自己的产品具有竞争性。答案为A。
真题50(2002上海卷30)
Quite a few people used to believe that disaster ________if a minor was broken．
A．was sure of striking B．was sure of having struck
C．was sure to be struck D．was sure to strike
【答案及解析】 D be sure of“对……确信，有把握”，主语必须是人。be sure to do sth“就要，一定会”，主语可以是人或物。动词不定式表示将要发生的事，意思是“就要……”。译文：过去很多人都认为如果镜子破了，一定会引起灾难。注意．be+形容词后接不定式的一般式，不用被动式。如：The problem is difficult for us to work out．我们很难解决这个问题。
真题51(2002上海卷33)
Though ________money，his parents managed to send him to university．
A．1acked B．1acking of C．1acking D．1acked in
【答案及解析】 C lack是及物动词，后接宾语money。his parents与lack是主谓关系，要用现在分词作状语。译文：虽然缺钱，他的父母亲还是想法让他上了大学。
真题52(2002上海卷34)
Don’t use words，expressions，or phrases ________only to people with specific knowledge．
A．being known B．having been known C．to be known D．known
【答案及解析】D know与words，expressions，phrases是动宾关系，要用过去分词作定语，表示被动。having been known是现在分词完成时的被动式，不能作定语。译文：不要使用只有具有专业知识的人才知道的词语。
真题53(2002上海卷38)
________to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin．
A．Exposed B．Having exposed C．Being exposed D．After being exposed
【答案及解析】C在非谓语动词中，用动名词或不定式来作主语，而分词和介词短语不能作主语，因此A、D被排除。在这个句子中，will do是谓语，缺少主语，要用动名词作主语。expose与one’s skin是动宾关系，所以要用动名词的被动式being exposed。译文：在阳光下晒太长时间对人的皮肤有坏处。
真题54(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷24)
Prices of daily goods ________through a computer can be lower than store prices．
A．are bought B．bought C．been bought D．buying
【答案及解析】 B goods是动词bought的逻辑宾语，所以用过去分词修饰，表被动。
真题55(2002上海春季卷25)
In some parts of London，missing a bus means ________for another hour．
A．waiting B．to．wait C．wait D．to be waiting
【答案及解析】 A mean doing sth．的意思是“意味着什么”。mean to do sth．的意思是“打算做什么”。译文：在英国的某些地方，赶不上公共汽车意味着要再等一小时。
真题56(2002上海春季卷29)
When ________，the museum will be open to the public next year．
A．completed B．completing C．being completed D．to be completed
【答案及解析】 A complete与museum是动宾关系，要用过去分词completed作状语，表示被动。译文：当这座博物馆建成后，将在明年向公众开放。to be completed作目的状语，不与when连用。答案为A。
真题57(2002上海春季卷37)
With a lot of difficult problems ________，the newly-elected president is having a hard time．
A．settled B．settling C．to settle D．being settled
【答案及解析】C 动词不定式to settle作difficult problems的定语表示现在或将来要解决的难题；过去分词settled作定语表示已经解决的难题；现在分词的被动式being settled作定语表示正在解决的难题。所提供的情境the newly．elected president is having a hard time说明新任总统现在和将来都有难以解决的问题，所以要用to settle作定语。
真题58(2001全国卷35)
_______such heavy pollution already，it may now be too late to clean up the river．
A．Having suffered B．Suffering C．To suffer D．Suffered
【答案及解析】A首先确定为主动语态，然后根据already又可判断用完成时。译文：由于已经受到如此严重的污染，现在清理河道可能太晚了。答案为A。
真题59(2001上海卷29)
D0 let your mother know all the truth．She appears _________everything．
A．to tell B．to be told C．to be telling D．to have been told
【答案及解析】 D tell是及物动词，后面要接宾语。因为在这个句子中，tell后面没有宾语，所以要用动词不定式的被动式。义因为知道了一切发生在告诉真相之前，所以要用动词不定式的完成式。译文：一定要把一切真相告诉你妈妈。她看上去已知道了一切事情。
真题60(2001上海卷31)
I really appreciate ________to relax with you on this nice island．
A．to have had time B．having time C．to have time D．to having time
【答案及解析】 B appreciate后接动名词作宾语。译文：我真的喜欢和你一起在这个迷人的小岛上放松一下。
真题61(2001上海卷38)
The bell ________the end of the period rang，________our heated discussion．
A．indicating；interrupting B．indicated；interrupting
C．indicating；interrupted D．indicated：interrupted
【答案及解析】 A the bell在句子中作indicate和interrupt的逻辑主语，所以要用现在分词。答案为A。
真题62(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷21)
________late in the morning，Bob turned off the alarm．
A．To sleep B．Sleeping C．Sleep D．Having slept
【答案及解析】A用不定式表示具体的目的，sleep late“睡懒觉”。译文：为了早上多睡一会儿，鲍勃关闭了闹钟。答案为A。
真题63(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷24)
One learns a language by making mistakes and ________them．
A．correct B．correcting C．corrects D．to correct
【答案及解析】 B介词by后接动名词，用and连接的两个表示并列成分的非谓语动词形式要一致。
真题64(2001上海春季卷28)
Sandy could do nothing but ________to his teacher that he was wrong．
A．admit B．admitted C．admitting D．to admit
【答案及解析】 A该句中的but是介词，后接动词不定式。当谓语动词是do，does或did时，后接不带to白怀定式；是其它动词时，后接带to的不定式。该句的谓语是could do nothing，要填动词原形admit。译文：山德不得不向老师承认自己错了。答案为A。
真题65(2001上海春季卷36)
Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________some schools for Door children．
A. set up B．setting up C．have set up D．having set up
【答案及解析】B to devote sth．to后接动名词作宾语，即：devote sth．doing sth．。有的考生把all he had to当成了一个短语，误填了set up。实际上．a11 he had作devoted的宾语，是一个宾语从句。译文：利德先生决定用自己所有的一切为贫困儿童建造几所学校。
真题66(2001上海春季卷37)
________blood if you can and many lives will be saved．
A．Giving B．Give C．Given D．To give
【答案及解析】B if you can是条件状语从句。如果把这个句子转为简单句______blood and many lives will be saved．就可以确定这是一个“祈使句+and”的句型。
真题67(2001上海春季卷38)
________from heart trouble for years，Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes．
A．Suffered B．Suffering C．Having suffered D．Being suffered
【答案及解析】C 根据状语for years可判断用现在分词的完成式。译文：经受了多年心脏病折磨的痛苦，怀特教授无论走到哪里都不得不随身带着药。
真题68(2000全国卷19)
I’ve worked with children before，so I know what ________in my new job．
A．expected B．to expect C．to be expecting D．expects
【答案及解析】B 在非谓语动词中，疑问词后只接不定式。此句中“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。
真题69(2000全国卷22)
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year．
A．early out B．carrying out C．carried out D．to carry out
【答案及解析】 C that they would like to see是定语从句；carried out作plan的定语表示被动。
真题70(2000上海卷22)
They’re not very good，but we like ________．
A．anyway to play basketball with them B．to play basketball with them anyway
C．to play with them basketball anyway D．with them to play basketball anyway
【答案及解析】B动词like后接宾语to play basketball；宾语后接with them；anyway为副词，用作状语，放在句末。
真题71(2000上海卷31)
He sent me an e-mail，________to get further information．
A．hoped B．hoping C．to hope D．hope
【答案及解析】 B现在分词hoping表示与send me an e．mail同时发生的动作。一些考生认为应该填不定式作目的状语。不定式作目的状语时，句子的正确形式是：He sent me an e-mail to get further information．如果要选择“hoped”时，句子的正确形式是：He sent me an e-mail and hoped to get further information。 “hoped”和“sent”作并列谓语。
真题72(2000上海卷37)
_____in 1636，Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States．
A．Being founded B．It was funded C．Founded D．Founding
【答案及解析】 c简单句的主语Harvard与Found是动宾关系，所以要用过去分词短语(Founded in 1636)作状语。
真题73(2000上海卷39)
The ________boy was last seen ________near the East Lake．
A．missing；playing B．missing；play
C．missed；played D．missed；to play
【答案及解析】 A missing是形容词，作boy的定语，意思是“失踪的”；而missed是miss的过去式，意思是“错过”，作谓语，排除C、D。was last seen playing表示被看见时正在玩。答案为A。
真题74(2000上海卷40)
Tony was very unhappy for ________to the party．
A．having not been invited B．not having invited
C．having not invited D．not having been invited
【答案及解析】D invite与Tony构成动宾关系，所以要用动名词的被动结构 (not having been invited)。not要放在非谓语动词的前面。选项A和C都是错误的形式。
真题75(2000京、皖春季卷15)
The picture ________on the wall is painted by my nephew．
A．having hung B．hanging C：hangs D．being hung
【答案及解析】 B选项B表状态；而选项D表动作；is painted在句子中作谓语，所以要填hang的非谓语形式。因为hang+表方位的介词短语，hang是不及物动词，非谓语动词不能用被动式表示主动，所以要用现在分词。
真题76(2000京、皖春季卷17) ：
________the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation．
A. Given B．To give C．Giving D．Having given
【答案及解析】 A过去分词Given构成的短语在句子中作状语，表示被动。意思是：“在……情况下，考虑到”。译文：考虑到他的健康情况一般，他手术后需要一段时间才能恢复。答案为A。
篇3：复习--非谓语动词
I. 分词的归纳与总结
A. –ing结构做定语后置
Do you know the woman talking to Tom?
Who were those people waiting outside?
The road joining two villages is very narrow.
I live in a pleasant room overlooking the garden.
There were some children swimming in the river.
B. 以-ing or –ed 结尾的形容词做表语
Jane is bored because her job is boring.
Jane’s job is boring, so Jane is bored.
以-ing结尾的形容词表达事物给人的感觉，以–ed 结尾的形容词表达人对事物的感觉。又如：
Julia thinks politics is very interesting.
The film was disappointing. I expected it to be much better.
We were shocked when we heard the news.
Everybody was surprised that he passed the exam.
C. 动词或介词+ing做宾语
a）在下列词后的动词要用-ing形式
enjoy, stop, finish, consider, avoid, practise, suggest, mind, risk, keep, appreciate, admit, miss, delay, etc.
I enjoy dancing.
Would you mind closing the window?
Amy suggested going to the cinema.
Don’t keep interrupting me while I am speaking.
b）介词(in, for, about, before, …)+ing
What are the advantages of having a car?
How about playing tennis tomorrow?
I bought a new bicycle instead of going away on holiday.
Before going out, I phoned Sarah.
What did you do after leaving school?
c）动词+介词的词组+ing
I am thinking of buying a house.
Do you feel like going out for dinner tonight?
I am used to driving on the left because I’ve lived in Britain for a long time.
Are you looking forward to seeing Ann again?
I prefer driving to travelling by train.
这类的词组有give up, put off, carry on, succeed in, dream of, insist on 等
D. 动词-ing形式做宾语补足语
I saw him walking along the street at night yesterday.
I could hear it raining.
I found Sue in my room reading a letter.
类似的词还有：feel, listen to, look at, notice, watch, observe, etc
E. –ing 从句做状语
Jim hurt his arm playing tennis. (=while he was playing)
A man ran out of the house shouting. (=he ran out of the house and he was shouting)
Having finished her work, she went home. (=after she had finished her work, she went home)
Feeling tired, I went to bed early. (=because I felt tired, I went to bed early)
Having already seen the film twice, I didn’t want to go to the cinema. (=because I had already seen it twice, I …)
II. 不定式的基本结构
A. 结构 主动形式 被动形式
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing --------
完成式 to have done to have been done
B. 例句
（1）The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. （定语）
（2）They decided to finish the job on time. （宾语）
（3）I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. （宾补）
（4）He was the best man to do the job. （宾补）
（5）They went there to visit their teacher. (状语)
（6）My question is how to find out some useful information. （疑问词引导）
附： 动词搭配表
I. v. + to do
1.wish to do 2.hope to do
3.promise to do 4.decide to do
5.refuse to do 6.agree to do
7.expect to do 8.manage to do
9.fail to do 10.prefer to do
11.plan to do 12.want to do
13.ought to do 14.have to do
15.used to do/be use to do 16.seem to do
17.would like to do 18.in order to do
19.so as to do 20.set out to do
21.make up one's mind to do 22.take trouble to do
23.It takes sb. some time to do 24.be going to do
25.be about to do 26.happen to do
27.pretend to do/to have done/to be doing
28.be thought/believed /said /reported to do
29.have no choice but to do
II. v. +adj. + to do
1. be willing to do 2. be likely to do
3. be able to do 4. too ... to do
5. be glad to do 6. be determined to do
7. be ready to do 8. be sure to do
9. be pleased to do 10. be afraid to do
11. be surprised to do 12. be eager to do
13. be anxious to do
14. It is important/necessary...for sb. to do
15. be...enough(for sb.) to do 16.be the first/last to do
17. be careful not to do/take care not to do
III. v.+ sb. + to do
1. help sb. to do 2. order sb. to do
3. tell sb. to do 4. wish sb. to do
5. want sb. to do 6. force sb. to do
7. get sb. to do 8. drive sb. to do
9. forbid sb. to do 10. cause sb. to do
11. allow sb. to do 12. permit sb. to do
13. persuade sb. to do 14. advise sb. to do
15. invite sb. to do 16. prefer sb. to do
17. require sb. to do 18. call on sb. to do
19. It cost sb. some money to do 20. think/consider sb. to be
IV. v.+ sb. / sth.+ do/ doing / done
1. see 2. hear 3. notice 4. watch 5. listen to 6. look at
7. feel 8. have 9. observe
e.g. I saw him come in. He was seen to come in.
him working
the problem settled
V. v. + do
1.can, may, must, should, need, will, dare
2.please do 3. had better do 4. would rather do...(than do)
5.why (not) do 6.let/make/have sb. do
7.have nothing to do but do
There is nothing to do but do They could do nothing but do
VI. v.+ doing
1.enjoy doing 2.risk doing
3.avoid doing 4.keep doing
5.practise doing
6.suggest doing / sb.'s doing / that sb.(should) do
7.miss doing 8. finish doing
9. allow / permit doing 10. delay doing
11.resist doing 12. consider doing
13. mind doing / sb.'s doing / if sb. do
14. imagine doing 15. keep on doing
16. go on doing 17. insist on doing
18. be busy doing 19. set about doing
20. give up doing 21. feel like doing
22. can't help doing
23. spend/save/waste/kill/time (in) doing
24. It is no use/good doing
25. prefer doing to doing
26. look forward to doing
27. succeed in doing
28. be afraid of doing
29. have trouble/difficulty (in) doing
30 There is trouble / difficulty (in) doing
31. prevent / keep /stop sb. from doing
32. thank you for doing
33. praise sb. for doing
34. punish sb. for doing
35. excuse sb. for doing / sb.'s doing
36. apologize for doing
37. be (well) worth doing / be worthy of being done / be worthy to be done
38. want / need / require doing
e.g. The boy wanted to wash his handkerchief./ The boy wanted washing.
I need to buy a new pair of trousers. / The trousers need mending.
39. do some reading/washing/cleaning/shopping/cooking/more speaking
40. go swimming/dancing/shopping/skating/boating/sightseeing/skiing
VII. v.+ to do / doing
A. 意义差别不大
begin/start e.g. When shall we start working/to work?
Suddenly it started to rain.
Now he began to realize/know his mistakes.
B.接doing表示一般情况,接to do表示具体
1. like/love e.g. I like swimming. But I don't like to swim this afternoon.
2. hate e.g. I hate getting up early. I hate to get up at this time.
3. prefer e.g. He prefers doing to talking.
I'd prefer to go by bike rather than walk this time.
C. 接doing表示已完成的动作,接to do表示未做的动作
1. remember e.g. Remember to close the window before you leave.
I remember being taken to the Great Wall when I was young.
2.forget e.g. Don't forget to lock the door.
I'll never forget meeting him for the first time.
D.意义有差别
1. try e.g. He tried to escape but he was caught.
He try unlocking the door with another key.
2. stop e.g. Stop talking, please. Let's stop to work.
3. regret e.g. I regret to say/tell you/inform you that you failed in the test.
How I regret telling him the news.
4.mean e.g. I'm sorry if I have hurt your feeling. But I didn't mean to.
The incident probably means war/fighting between the two nations.
5. go on
e.g. After he had finished his homework, he went on to write a letter.
Having been put into prison, he went on writing songs.
6. be afraid to do/of doing
e.g. I’m afraid to go out at night.
Most people are afraid of snakes.
Don’t be afraid of making mistakes when learning a foreign language.
【模拟试题】
1. ____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (NMET96, 23)
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost
2. The patient was warned __________oily food after the operation. (NMET 96)
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
3. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776B.C., did not include women players until 1912. (NMET97)
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
4. I would love _______to the party last night but I have to work extra hours to finish a report.(NMET 97)
A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone
5. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. (NMET98,23)
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
6. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” (NMET99,25)
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
7. Robert is said __________abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. (NMET 99)
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
8. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _________it more difficult.(NMET 99)
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
9. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ________in my new job. (NMET春北京 00)
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
10. __________late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (NMET01)
A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep
11. Tony was very unhappy for ___________to the party. (2000上海，40)
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
12. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _________the next year. (NMET2000, 22)
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
13. I really appreciate ________to relax with you on this nice island.
A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time
14. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears __________everything. (2001 上海)
A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
15. ____________to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. (2002 上海)
A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed
16. ---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
---The key ________the problem is to meet the demand _________by the customers.
(NMET2002 北京)
A. to solving, making B. to solving, made
C. to solve, making D. to solve, made
17. The research is so designed that once _________nothing can be done to change it.
(NMET2002)
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
18. Generally speaking, ________according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
(2003 上海)
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
19. The teacher asked us ________so much noise. (NMET2003 北京)
A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
20. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________in the kitchen. (NMET2003)
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
21. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain __________as the plane was making a landing. (2004春季上海)
A. at B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
22. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents___________. (NMET2004 重庆)
A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry
23. ____________the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
(NMET2004广东)
A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed
D. Having not completed
24. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________the exam. (NMET2004 福建)
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing
25. The flowers _________sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of name.
(2004 上海)
A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
26. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when __________ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET2004全国)
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
27. He looked around and caught a man ________his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
28. This company was the first ________portable radios as well as cassette tapes recorders in the world. (2005春上海)
A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced
29. ___________with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. (NMET2005 春季北京)
A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing
30. The storm left, ____________a lot of damage to this area. (NMET2005全国)
A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused
【试题答案】
1-5 CCCDC 6-10 DABCA 11-15 DCBDC 16-20 BDBDB
21-25 CACDB 26-30CDBCD
篇4：非谓语动词语法口诀
非谓语动词语法口诀
非谓语动词是高考中的热点，其考查量多、面广，几乎是必考的一个知识点。
1、动词的不定式
①不定式有标记， to与动词连一起。
②没有人称数变化， 动词特点它具备。
③主宾定状表补语， 唯独作谓不可以。
④not 加上不定式， 否定结构要牢记。
⑤疑问词与不定式， 构成短语有意义。
⑥仔细推敲多思考， 准确判断有依据。
解析：
①“to+动词原形”是它的基本构成形式，即不定式的标记。
②它没有人称和数的变化，不管主语是任何人称，单数还是复数，动词不定式都没有变化。但它仍保留动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语。
③它具有名词、形容词和副词三大特点，所以，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语和宾补。
④“not +动词不定式”是它的否定形式，不要受其他否定式的影响，要记住规律。
⑤疑问代词what, who, whom, which和疑问副词where, when, why , how加上不定式在句中可以做主语，宾语、表语、状语。
⑥通过以上分析，只要仔细研究，把不定式的功能用法搞清楚，在应用时就能作出准确的判断。
2、动名词：
哪些动词后面只能接动名词，下面的顺口溜有助于记忆。
喜欢、考虑不可免(enjoy, consider, escape, avoid)
停止，放弃太冒险(stop, give up , risk)
反对想象莫推延(mine, imagine, delay, put off)
要求完成是期望(require, finish, look forward to.)
建议继续勤练习(suggest, go on, practise)
不禁原谅要坚持(can’t help, excuse , insist on)
继续注意使成功(keep on, mind, succeed in)
英语语法顺口溜：冠词、定冠词和不定冠词口诀和用法
拓展阅读
一、定冠词的用法口诀
特指双熟悉，上文已提及;
世上独无二，序数最高级;
某些专有名，习语及乐器。
二、不用冠词用法口诀
下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前;
专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭;
复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前;
颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。
一、定冠词和不定冠词的用法详解
1.定冠词the，在以辅音音素开头的`词前读作[]， 在以元音音素开头的词前读作[]， 强调时读作。
例：the table]那张桌子
the animal那只动物
2.定冠词the，基本含义是“这个，那个”，表示特指。
例: the flower 那朵花 the E-mail 那个电子邮件
3.不定冠词a和an，基本含义是“一、一个”，表示泛指。
例：a flower 一朵花 an E-mail 一个电子邮件
二、a和an的区别
a用在辅音音素前，包括以前元音[j]、[w]开首的词前，注意，这里讲的辅音音素指的是发音，不是指辅音字母。
an用在元音音素前(不是元音字母)，
例：a hotel [一家旅馆
a knife 一把小刀
a useful tool 一件有用的工具
a university 一所大学
a European country一个欧洲国家
a one-eyed man一个一目失明的人
an hour ] 一小时
an ant 一只蚂蚁
an honour 一种荣誉
an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩
an umbrella 一把伞
an onion一个洋葱
an eye 一只眼睛
an ear [一只耳朵
an English book [ 一本英语书
an egg 一只鸡蛋
an ap 一个苹果
an island 一座岛
an uncle一位叔叔
an old man 一位老人
三、不定冠词
1 表示“一，一个”，用在单数可数名词前
例：There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有一幅图画。
He has an apple in his hand. 他手里拿着一个苹果。
提示：
a. a (an) 虽表示“一个”，但不强调数量，而是强调类别;one则强调数量。
例：I bought a computer. 我买了一台电脑。(不是收音机和电视机)
I bought one computer. 我买了一台电脑。 (不是两台)
Would you like an ice cream? 来一客冰淇淋好吗?(不是别的食物)
She gave one ice cream to them each. 她给他们每人一客冰淇淋。(不是两客)
b. 表示数量对比时，要用one, 不用a(an)。
比：我有一支红铅笔，但是他有三支。
I have a red pencil, but she has three. (误)
I have one red pencil, but she has three. (正)
我只需要一美元，但他给了我两美元。
I only want a dollar, but he has given me two. (误)
I only want one dollar, but he has given me two. (正)
2 表示一类人或物，指同类中的任何一个，a或an不必翻译
例 Even a child can answer this question. 就是小孩子也能回答这个问题。
An elephant is stronger than a horse. 大象比马力气大。
A teacher must be strict with his students. 教师必须对学生严格要求。
3 第一次提到某人或某物
第一次提到某人或某物时，用不定冠词a或an，起介绍作用。
例: A girl wants to see you. 一位姑娘要见你。
On a cold evening a stranger came to my house. 在一个寒冷的晚上，一个陌生人来到我的住处。
4 表示身份、职业
不定冠词用于单数名词前表示身份、职业，尤其用在作表语或补足语的名词前。
例：She is a high school teacher. Her name is Li Fang. 她是一位中学教师，名叫李芳。
The Whites wanted their daughter to be a musician. 怀特夫妇想要他们的女儿成为音乐家。
提示：
表示某个职位在某一时期内只有一人担任，或表示某人的头衔，则不用冠词。
例：He is captain of the team. 他是球队队长。
Zhang Fei, monitor of their class, is good at English. 张飞是他们的班长，英语很棒。
5 用于专有名词前，表示不认识某人
例：A Zhang called you just now. 一位姓张的刚才给你打电话。
A Mr. Smith wanted to see you. 有位史密斯先生想要见你。
6 不定冠词用在表示数量、长度、时间等的计数单位的名词前，表示“每一”
例：We have three meals a day. 我们每天吃三顿饭。
They met each other once a month. 他们每月会面一次。
The car moved 100 miles an hour. 这辆小汽车以每小时100英里的速度行驶。
The envelopes are one yuan a dozen. 信封一打是一元钱。
Amily goes to see her grandmother twice a week. 爱米莉每周去看奶奶两次。
小升初英语必考考点：小学英语形容词比较级顺口溜
小编给同学们总结了小升初必考考点，在我们考试中是经常可以遇到的，希望同学们学习后能有所帮助。更多小升初英语考点尽在。
小学英语形容词比较级顺口溜
比较级是形容词，一好一坏要记牢，
good更好是better, bad更坏是worse
结尾有e只加r，nice变成nicer;
双写目前有三个，bigger, fatter 和hotter
其余全部加er。
小升初英语必考考点：疑问句顺口溜
小编给同学们总结了小升初必考考点，在我们考试中是经常可以遇到的，希望同学们学习后能有所帮助。更多小升初英语考点尽在。
疑问句顺口溜
反义疑问真好变，前后肯否相反地。
有情要用情加主，有be要用be加主。
若是无情又无be，要用do主来代替。
Let's go特殊记，Shall we 提前要牢记。
肯定英汉翻译同，否定英汉翻译异。
100句少儿英语口语让孩子英语顺溜溜
1. Hello! (How do you do?) 你好!
2. How are you?-I’m fine. Thank you. and you? 你好吗?我很好。谢谢，你呢?
3. Good morning / afternoon/evening/night. 早上好/下午好/晚上好/晚安。
4. Excuse me。(sorry. I’m sorry) 打搅一下(对不起/不好意思)
5. Thank you! 谢谢你!
6. You are welcome. 不用谢。
7. How are you today? 今天还好吗?
8. Nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。
9. What’s your name? 你叫什么名子啊?
10. My name is×××. 我叫×××。
11. What can I do for you? 我能为你做点什么?
12. What’s wrong with you? (What’sthe matter?)你怎么了?(出什么事了?)
13. It’s time for class. 该上课了。
14. Come in please. 请进。
15. Let’s get ready for class! 让我们准备上课吧!
16. Line up please! 排队!
17. Attention please! 立正!
18. At ease. 稍息。
19. Turn life/right! 向左/右转!
20. One bye one please.no pushing. 一个一个来。不要挤。
21. Let’s go back to the classroom. 让我们回教室去。
22. It’time for (breakfast lunch supper/dinner) 该吃早餐了/该吃午餐了/该吃晚餐了
23. Please eat up. Take your time. 把它吃完。慢慢吃。
24. Would you like some rice!来点米饭吧!
25. Help yourself. 请吃，别客气。
26. Please have some fish/vegetables. 吃点鱼/蔬菜吧。
27. Do you want anymore? 还要吗?
28. Anything to drink? 喝点啥?
29. I’d like to drink some milk! 我想喝点年奶!
30. Today we are going to learn some new worlds.今天我们将学习一些新单词。
31. Who wants to try? 谁来试试?
32. Let me try! 我来试试!
33. It’s your turn. 轮到你了。
34. Don’t be afraid/shy! 不要害怕/不要害羞!
35. Try your best! 尽力做/尽力试。
36. Do you understand? 明白了吗?
37. Stand up/sit down.please. 请站起来/请坐下。
38. Listen to me carefully. pease. 请仔细地听我说。
39. Look at me ,please. 请看着我。
40. Watch carefully. 看仔细。
41. What are you going to do tonight? 今晚干啥去?
42. I’m going to Disney’s English Club. 我要去迪士尼英语俱乐部。
43. I’m going to learn Disney’s Magic English. 我去学迪士尼神奇英语。
44. What’s on tonight? 今晚有什么节目?
45. Let’s watch TV. 我们看电视吧!
46. We are going to the Pople’s Prk. 我们要去人民公园。
47. Be quiet.please. 请安静。
48. Stop talking!(Do’t talk.) 别讲话。
49. Don’t worry about it. 不要为这担心。
50. No problem. 没问题。
51. Clap your hands. 鼓撑拍手。
52. Class is over.(Time is up.) 下课了!(时间到了)
53. See you next time.Bye bye! 下次见，再见。
54. Well done! 干得好!
55. You are so smart! 你真聪明!
56. How clever you are! 你真是太聪明了!
57. Let’s have a rest.(take a break) 我们休息一下。
58. It’s time to go to bed. 该睡觉了。
59. It’s time to get up.(Wake up.please。) 该起床了(醒醒)
60. Wash your face/hands/foot. 洗脸/手/脚。
61. Comb your hair. 梳头。
62. Brush your teeth. 刷牙。
63. Come on.Let’s play together. 过来，我们一起玩。
64. Let’s play a game. 我们来玩个游戏。
65. You are getting better and better. 你越来越棒了。
66. You’er making progress everyday. 你每天都在进步。
67. You’re always the best. 你总是最好的。
68. You speak English very well. 你英语说的非常好。
69. Do you like English? (Ilike English very much) 你喜欢英语吗?(我太喜欢英语了)
70. I’mpleased with your spoken English. 你的口语真令我满意。
71. Be brave,please. 请勇敢一点。
72. Have a nice weekend! 周未愉快!
73. Happy birthday to you. (Happy New Year to you) 生日快乐!(新年快乐)
74. Put on your clothes. 穿衣服。
75. Take off your clothes/shoes. 脱衣服/鞋子。
76. Pardon! (I beg your pardon) 什么!请你再说一次。
77. May I speak to×××.Please. ×××在吗?
78. Who is on the line? 你是谁啊?(电话用语)
79. This is OSA. 我是OSA。(电话用语)
80. Welcome to Shiyan. 欢迎来到十堰。
81. Do you like shiyan? 你喜欢十堰吗?
82. People in Shiyan are proud of Wudang Mountain. 十堰的人以武当山为豪。
83. Are you free this afternoon? 今天下午你有空吗?
84. I’m inviting you to Mcdonald’s. 我请你去麦当劳。
85. At what time shall I come? 我什么时候可以过来。
86. Is six o’clock ok with you? 六点可以吗?
87. This way .please! 这边走!
88. Have a good time。(Enjoy yourself) 玩得愉快!
89. The same to you! 你也一样!
90. You are learning fast. 你学得很快。
91. Keep on trying. 不断努力。
92. Put up your hands.please。(Raise your hands,please/hands up) 请举手。
93. Hands down. 放下手。
94. Be careful. (look out) 小心!
95. How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎么样?
96. Fine.thanks.and you? 很好，谢谢，你呢?
97. Hope to see you again! 希望能再见到你。
98. Drink some water/tea,please. 请喝水/茶。
99. Which one will you choose? 你要哪个?
100. Goodbye. See you tomorrow/late/next week! 再见。明天见。
少儿英语语法顺口溜：时刻表达记忆口诀
英语时刻表达法记忆口诀：
时刻表达法作用大，衣食住行离不开它。
整点时把点钟数打，时分俱全不好表达。
请记下列几种方法：先时后分莫给弄差。
若要说明几点过几分，可把past和after来抓。
前分后时不能搞差，要说几点几分差， to前分后时来表达。
用英语表达时刻主要有以下两种方法：
直接表示法(先时后分)如：
9 ： 25 读作： nine twenty-five
12 ： 30 读作： twelve thirty ; twelve-thirty
添加介词表示法(先分后时)如：
( 1 )表示“几点过几分”(在 30 分钟之内)，用介词 past ，其结构是“分钟 +past+ 钟点”。如：
5 ： 20 读作： twenty past five
11 ： 05 读作： five past eleven
( 2 )表示“几点差几分”(相差在 30 分钟之内)，用介词 to ，其结构是“分钟 +to+ 下一个钟点”。如：
2 ： 50 读作： ten to three
10 ： 58 读作： two to eleven
6 ： 37 读作： twenty-three to seven
另外需要注意的还有：
( 1 )表示“几点整”，可以用数字直接表示，也可以加上 o'clock 。如：
1 ： 00 读作： one o'clock
20 ： 00 读作： twenty o'clock
( 2 )表示“几点半”，用 half 。如：
4 ： 30 读作： half past four
( 3 )表示“ 15 分钟”，常用 a quarter 。如：
10 ： 15 读作： a quarter past ten
2 ： 45 读作： a quarter to three
( 4 )表示“在某一时刻”，应该用介词 at 。如：
at five-five 在 5 点 5 分
at three o'clock 在 3 点整
( 5 )对时刻提问时，疑问词一般用 what time 。如：
— What time is it now ?现在几点钟?
— It's twelve fifteen. 12 点 15 分。
篇5：英语非谓语动词语法
英语非谓语动词语法
动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。
Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)
爬山是一项好运动。
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用)
你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗?
He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用)
他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。
谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：
2) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
Miss Mary teaches us English.
玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语)
Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。
(to have a talk.... 不定式作状语)
3) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
Larke likes the pop music.
拉克喜欢流行音乐。
(动词用单数第三人称形式)
Larke has nothing to do today.
拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形)
非谓语动词的特征：
2 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。
Studying English is my favorite.
学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语)
To help him is my duty.
帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语)
3 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
Working under such a condition is terrible.
在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。
(under such a condition 是 working 的状语)
It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.
他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。
(for him 作不定式的逻辑主语)
4 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.
对不起让你久等了。
(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)
Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.
从山上看，这座城市美丽多了。
(Seen from...是分词的被动形式)
5 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。
Our coming made him happy.
我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming 起名词作用)
There are two big swimming pools here.
?
这儿有两个大型游泳池。
(swimming 起形容词作用)
非谓语动词的形式变化：
不 定 式 主 动 被 动
一 般 to write to be written
进 行 to be writing /
完 成 to have written to have been written
完成进行 to have been writing /
现在分词 主 动 被 动
一 般 writing being written
完 成 having written having been written
过 去 分 词 一般 written
动 名 词 主 动 被 动
一般 writing being written
完成 having written having been written
动 名 词
动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语， 宾语，表语和定语。
1) 动名词作主语：
Talking like that is not polite.
那样谈话不礼貌。
Learning1 from others is important .
向别人学习很重要。
Putting on more clothes is not so good .
多穿衣服不一定好。
动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用 it 先行祠代替， 而把动名词写在后面。
It's no use waiting here, let's go home.
在这儿等着也没用，我们回家吧。
It's very difficult climbing this mountain.
爬这座山很困难。
2) 动名词作表语
The nurse's job is looking after the patients.
护士的工作是护理病人。
Seeing is believing.
眼见为实。
3) 动名词作宾语
有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.
Please stop smoking2 in the house.
请不要在家里抽烟。
I like reading in the forest.
我喜欢在树林里读书。
Do you mind my opening the windows?
你介意我打开窗户吗?
She is found of collecting stamp.
她喜欢集邮。
动名词作定语
She is studying in the reading room.
她在阅览室学习。
He slept in the sleeping bag.
他在睡袋里睡觉。
动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词
He pretend3 not knowing it at all.
他假装全然不知。
We considered not doing it now.
我们考虑现在不做这件事 。
动名词的时态：
动名词的一般时 动名词的一般时表示动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词的动作之后发生。
I enjoy swimming in the big river.
我喜欢在大河里游泳。
I am used to watching TV in the evening.
我习惯于晚上看电视。
动名词的完成时 动名词的完成时表示动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。
She regret not having studied the computer hard.
她后悔没有努力学习计算机。
Do you remember having promised me that?
你记得给我许愿了吗?
动名词的被动形式 ：
当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。
His being looked down upon made him sick.
他被人冷落使他很伤感。
I can't really stand being treated like that.
我简直受不了这样的对待。
动名词的几个特殊情况：
1) 有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些动词能跟不定式，有些两者都可以， 它们的具体含义有时还不一样。
能跟动名词的动词有：
avoid, consider, delay4, deny5, dislike, endure6, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist7, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。
能跟不定式的动词有：
decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake8, want, wish, agree, manage,
能跟动名词和不定式的动词有：
love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose9, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve10, start,
动词后面跟动名词还是不定式，含义不相同，总的来说，表示习惯的， 一般性的动作多跟动名词，一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。
I like to go with you.
我想和你一块儿去。
I like reading.
我喜欢阅读。
He promised to help her.
他答应过要帮助她。
We love watching VCD.
我们喜欢看VCD。
2) remember, forget, regret后面跟动名词时，动名词表示过去的动作， 后面跟不定式时，不定式表示将来的动作。
I remember meeting him in the street.
我记得在街上见过他。
I remember to write a letter to my parents.
我想起来要给我父母亲写信。
3) “stop + 动名词”表示停止动名词所表示的动作， “stop + 不定式”表示停下来 做不定式所表示的动作。
Stop smoking, please.
请不要抽烟 。
Let's stop to have a rest.
咱们停下来休息一下吧。
4) 动名词和分词的区别：
动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词作定语时， 分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。
reading text 阅读课文 〔动名词〕
developing country 发展中国家 〔分词〕
a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔动名词〕
boiled water 开水 〔分词〕
篇6：非谓语动词复习要点
一． 非谓语动词功能比较表
主语 表语 宾语 宾补 定语 状语
动名词 V V V X V X
不定式 V V V V V V
现在分词 X V X V V V
过去分词 X V X V V V
二． 非谓语动词的否定式、复合结构
1、谓语动词的否定式为：not+非谓语动词（not +不定式， not + 动名词， not + 现在分not +过去分词）
2.不定式的复合结构为：of/for+to do注：若其前的形容词为情感形容词当nice,kind,wrong,wise,clever,stupid,foolish,brave,naughty,careless,careful,nice,good,natural,strange,honest,polite,impolite,rude,thoughtful,cruel等；介词宜用of；若其前的形容词为hard,necessary,impossible,possible,expensive,useful,dangerous,bad,interesting,exciting,important,easy等非情感形容词时，介词宜用for。动名词的复合结构为：形容词性物主代词sb/sb’s+doing(若该结构不位于句首作主语也可用“名词或宾语+doing”来表示。例如：
His not coming to school on time made his teacher angry.
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
不定式时态\\语态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
动名词时态\\语态 主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
分词 时态\\语态 主动 被动
一般式 doingbeing done
完成式 having done having been done
二、非谓语动词用法比较
（一）作主语比较：
1、位于句首常用动名词作主语。例如:Learning English well is a must for middle school student.
2、It作形式主语时，非情感形容词或名词作表语时常用不定式作真正主语；若useless, nouse, no good作表语时，常用动名词短语作真正主语。例如：It’s no usee crying like a child for you.
3、不定式短语或动名词短语用语俚语、成语中作主语时，要遵循上下文的一致性原则。例如：To do is better than to say.=Doing is better than saying.
To see is to believe=Seeing is believing.
(二)作表语比较：
1． 动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质，回答What的问题。例如：
-What is his job? -His job is teaching.
2． 不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，常表示将来的动作。例如：
When Einstein was still quite young, his wish was to become a physicist.
3.分词作表语时，说明主语的状态，回答How的问题。现在分词作表语表示“令人。。。。。。的”的意思；过去分词作标语，或表示“感到。。。。。。的”的意思，或表示一个已经发生了的动作。例如：The news is exciting. We are excited at the exciting news.The water is polluted.
(三)作宾语比较：
1、只跟不定式作宾语的及物动词：pretend,hope,expect,desire,agree,demand,hesitate,afford,fail,set out,beg,bother,long,plan,decide,determine,manage,intend,promise,refuse,wish,hate,offer,learn,
2.appreciate,avoid,admit,advise,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,mind,miss,permit,practise,pardon,recall,forbid,stop,suggest,risk,resist,imagine,understand等之后只能跟动名词作宾语。
3.后跟动名词作宾语的动词词组：give up,keep on,succeed in,look forward to,feel like,insist on,set about,oppose to,hear be fond of,be engaged in,be afraid of,thank sb for…,prefer…to…,prevent/stop/keep /save…from…,leave off,put off,can’t stand,be(get)used to,be worth,be busy,be successful in,devote …to, stick to,spend/waste…(in) …,have trouble/difficulty (in),think of,dream of,object to,How/Whaat about…?,It’s no use/good/need…,There’s no good/need…,get down to admit to, prefer…to, be used to, lead to, devote oneself to, object to, stick to, be busy look forward to (to为介词), no good, no use, It's worth…, can't help, It's no use /good, be capable of, be proud of, think of / about, hold off, put off, keep on, insist on, count on / upon, set about, be successful in, good at, take up, give up, burst out, prevent … from… 等。
4.1)remember/forget/regret +to do sth/doing(having done)sth 2).mean to do sth/doing
3).try to do sth/doing sth.4).go on to do sth/doing sth.
5).stop to do sth/doing sth6).can’t help doing sth/to do sth
5.need,require,want等动词表示“需要”时，后跟不定式的被动形式或动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。
（四）作宾补比较：
1、ask/tell/want/help/would like/allow/permit/advise/persuade/encourage/wish/expect sb (not) to do sth.
2、let/make/have/hear/listen to/notice/watch/see sb do sth
be made/heard/listened to/noticed/watched/seen to do sth.
3.keep sb doing sth./get the car/bus starting/send sb /sth. doing
4.have sb do sth,have sb. doing sth./have sb. done
5.see/hear sb doing sth./do sth
6.make oneself done(understood/heard/noticed/recognized)
7.find the door/windows open/closed/locked
8.find sb. seated/dressed;find stp. changed/polluted.
9.have sth（活）. doing/have sth（死）. done/ get sth（死）. done
10. get sb to do sth./get sth.(活) doing. /get sth.（死） done
11．Sb have sb/sth. left. There be sb/sth left.
(五)作状语比较
1、不定式在句中只能作条件或结果状语（只能和…enough,too…,heavy,light,difficult,hard,easy等形容词或副词连用。）
2、分词作状语时，其逻辑主语系句子的主语。如果逻辑主语与分词呈逻辑上的主谓关系，须用现在分词作状语；若逻辑主语与分词呈逻辑上的动宾关系，须用过去分词。分词在句中可作条件、时间、方式、伴随、让步、（自然而然的）结果、原因、比较等状语。
1）_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed
2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
3、如果句子的主语不是分词的逻辑主语时，则不能用分词作状语，而用独立主格结构（主语+分词；主语+介词短语；with+宾语+介词短语）试比较：
Book in hand, the teacher came into the classroom.
A book in his hand, the teacher came into the classroom.
With a book in his hand, the teacher came into the classroom.
There being no bus left at night, they had to walk home.(Because there was no bus left at night,….)
4、分词作插入语 其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说道
strictly speaking 严格的说 judging from 从…判断
all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来
Judging from his face, he must be ill. 从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)
5、逻辑主语问：分词作状语的逻辑主语是句子的主语；分词作定语的逻辑主语是被修饰的名词；分词作宾补的逻辑主语是其宾语。
（六）作定语比较
1、动名词作前置定语，说明所修饰的名词的功能或用途。（a sleeping car,a swimming pool,, a writing paper）
2、不定式作后置定语，说明所修饰的名词的动作的未来性，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
A plan/law/way to do sth.
3、单个分词作前置定语，分词短语作后置定语，说明所修饰的名词的状态。表示正在进行或主动的动作或“令人。。。。。。的”意思，常用现在分词；表示已经发生或被动的动作或“感到。。。。。。的”意思，常用过去分词作定语。注意:polluted,enjuried,dressed,seated,broken,killed等只有过去分词，而没有现在分词。
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written (=which is written )
2）What's the language ____ in Germany?
A.speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
试比较：
The big building _________(build) over there recently will be the highest one in our city.
The big building _________(build) last year is the highest one in our city.
历年高考非谓语动词真题再现
(86)26. Tell him_____ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut
(86)27. Only one of these books is__________.
A. worth to read B. worth being read C. wroth of reading D. worth reading
(86)28. He had his leg_____ in the match yesterday.
A. to break B. broken C. breakD. breaking
(86)29. I can't imagine_____ that with them.
A. doB. to do C. being done D. doing
(87) 30. Most of the people_____ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting
(87)31. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _____.
A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch
(87)32. Though he had often made his little sister_____, today he was made_____ by his little sister.
A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry
(87)33. They would not allow him_____ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going
(88)34. She didn't remember_____ him before.
A. having met B. have met C. to meet D. to having met
(88)35. They knew her very well. They had seen her_____ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
(89)36. Do you know the boy_____ under the big tree?
A. layB. lain C. layingD. lying
(89)37. Go on_____ the other exercise after you have finished this one.
A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing
(89)38.There was terrible noise______ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
(89)39. “What do you think of the book?”“Oh, excellent. It's worth_____ a second time.”
A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read
(89)40. She pretended_____ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
(89)41. “Good morning. Can I help you?”“I'd like to have this package_____, madam.”
A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed
(89)42. _____ your coat at once. We must hurry.
A. Wear B. Wearing C. Put on D. Putting on
(90)43. Most of the artists_____ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited
(90)44. _____ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
(90)45. She reached the top of the hill and stopped_____ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
(90)46. Last summer I took a course on___________.
A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made
(91)47. The murderer was brought in, with his hands_____ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
(91)48. The secretary worked late into the night, _____ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
(91)49. I can hardly imagine Peter_____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A. sailB. to sailC. sailing D. to have sailed
(91)50. --The light in the office is still on. --Oh, I forgot_____
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
(91)51. John was made_____ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing
(92)52. Little Jim should love _____ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
(92)53. --I usually go there by train. --Why not_____ by boat for a change.
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
(92)54. I would appreciate______ back this afternoon.
A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you're calling
(92)55. There're so many kinds of tape- recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind_____ to buy.
A. what B. which C. howD. where
(92)56._____ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receivingB. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
(93)57, “Can't you read?” Mary said_____ to the notice,
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C .angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
(93)58.How about the two of us_____ a walk down the garden?
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
(93)59. The computer centre, _____ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
(93) 60. Charles Babbage is generally considered _____ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
(94)61. --I must apologize for_____ ahead of time. --That's all right.
A. letting you not know B. not letting you know
C. letting you know not D. letting not you know
(94)62, The missing boys were last seen_____ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
(94)63.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
(94)64. The first textbooks_____for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
65.--You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting: --Well, now I regret_____ that.
A. to doB. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
(95)66. Paul doesn't have to be made_____. He always works hard.
A. learnB. to learn C. learned D. learning
(95)67. We agreed_____ here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.
A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met
(96)68. The patient was warned______ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating notC. not to eat D. not eating
(96)69. ______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. LosingB. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
(97)70. I would love______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to goB. to have gone C. going D. having gone
(97) 71. The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B. C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
(97)72. -- Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?-- I______, but I had an unexpected, visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
(97)73. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone______ get out.
A. had to B. would C. couldD. was able to
(98)74. _____ it with me and I'll see what I can do.
A. When left B. Leaving C.If you leave D. Leave
(98)75. Cleaning women in big cities usually get______ by the hour.
A. payB. paying C. paidD. to pay
(98)76. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes C. madeD. to make
(99)77. Robert is said_____ abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
(99)78. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to makeC. not making D. DO not make
(99)79. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door___ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
A. readB. reads C. to read D. reading
(2000)80. I've worked with children before, so I know what______ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
(2000)81. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see______ the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
(2001)82. ______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
(2002)83. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
(2002)84. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ______.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
(2002上海)85. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving______ their products more competitive.
A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made
(2002上海)86. Quite a few people used to believe that disaster_____ if a mirror was broken.
A. was sure of strikingB. was sure of having struck
B. C. was sure to be struck D. was sure to strike
(2002上海)87. Though______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lackedB. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
(02上)88. Don't use words, expressions, or phrases_______ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known
(2002上海)89. ______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed
(2002春招)90. Prices of daily goods______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying
(2002上海春招)91. In some parts of London, missing a bus means______ for another hour.
A. waiting B. to wait C. waitD. to be waiting
(2002上海春招)92. When_____, the museum will he open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
(2002北京)93--How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
--The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand _______ by the customers.
A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; made
(2002广东)94. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to seeB. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
(2002广东)95. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows______.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
(2002广东)96. The research is so designed that once______ nothing can be done to change it.
A. beginsB. having begun C. beginning D. begun
(2003全国)97. The teacher asked us______ so much noise.
A. don't make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
(2003全国)98. ______ time, he'll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given
(2003上海)99. The discovery of new evidence led to______.
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
(2003上海)100. Generally speaking, ______ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect.
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
(2003上海)101. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered_______ clear warnings before firing any shots.
A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued
(2003上海)102. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_______ road conditions need______.
A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving
(2003北京春招)103. --Why did you go back to the shop? --I left my friend______ there.
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits
(2003北京春招)104. The manager,______ his factory's products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.
A. knowing B. knownC. to know D. being known
(2003北京春招)105. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _______ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeingB. having seen C. to have seen D. to see
106. Don't be discouraged. ______ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
A. TakingB. To take C. Take D. Taken
(2003上海春招)107. Friendship is like money: easier made than ____.
A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept
(2003上海春招)108. ______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A. The president will attend B. The president to attend
C. The president attendedD. The president's attending
(2003上海春招)109. Unless______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invitedB. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
(2003上海春招)110. Site will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role______ in making the earth a better place to live.
A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing
(2004广东) 111.________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
(2004天津) 112.Don't leave the water ________ while you brush your teeth.
A. runB. running C. being run D. to run
(2004浙江) 113.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.
A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known
(04全国III) 114.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures________ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed
(04全国II) 115. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced
(04全国II) 116.“We can't go out in this weather,” said Bob, ________ out of the window.
A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked
(04全国IV) 117.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
(04全国IV) 118.Alice returned from the manager's office, ________ me that the boss wanted to see me at once.
A. having told B. tells C. to tellD. telling
(04辽宁) 119.I don't know whether you happen ________ , but I'm going to study in the U.S.A. this September.
A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard
(04江苏) 120.The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked
(04北京)121.________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
(04福建)122.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam.
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing
(04辽宁)123.________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted
(04上海)124.The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused
(04上海) 125.The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
(04上海) 126.The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded
(04上海)127.Having been attacked by terrorists, ________ .
A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists
(04全国III)128.Helen had to shout ________ above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
历年高考非谓语动词真题再现KEYS:
1. CBBDA 6.ACDCB 11. A/D CBAB 16. ABCCB 21. DABCA 26. BDBDA
3l. CA AAA 36. DABCA 41. DCAAC 46. ADBCC 51. AADCB 56. CACDC
61. BACDC/D 66. BCCCB 71.CCDDC 76.AABDB 81.CABCA 86.DCDCB
91.AABBC 96.DDDCB 101. AAAAD 106.CADAB 111C B B C B
116 A C D DD121. C. D. B. C B 126 A. B D
篇7：语法复习十二：非谓语动词（一）--动词不定式
动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。非谓语动词形式多样，应用广泛，且在句中起着很活跃的作用，也是语法项目中的重点和难点，学好非谓语动词，才能正确进行口语和书面的交流。
动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用，所以叫做非谓语动词。
（一）动词不定式：
动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。
1、动词不定式的形式变化：动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。
语态式 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式
主 动 to build to have built to be building to have been building
被 动 to be build to have been build
2、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如：
（1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.
（2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up… 为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式 to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。
（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next?
（4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street.
（5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way.
（6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.
（7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语： Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式，表示“足能…”的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now.
3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him every day.
4、疑问词 + 动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.
5、动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成，如：It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting.
6、动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：（1）一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如：I am sorryto have kept you waiting.（3）进行式：动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.
7、动词不定式的被动语态用法：如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般就用被动语态形式，如：What is to be done next hasn’t been decided yet.
练习、非谓语动词（一）
1. ---- Can you ride a horse? ---- No, I never had the chance ____.
A. for learning it B. for learning how C. how to learn it D. to learn how
2. Paul said, “Give me a chair _____.”
A. to sit B. sit C. sit on D. to sit on
3. I ran too fast ______ where I was going.
A. to notice B. for me to notice C. to notice for me D. and notice
4. ---- Have you enjoyed your visit here? ---- Yes, I'll be very sorry______ .
A. for leaving B.of leaving C. to leave D. with leaving
5. ---- I'll help you whenever you need me. ---- Good. I'd like _____me tomorrow.
A. you helping B. that you will help C. you to help D. that you help
6. ---- I didn't hear you come in last night. ---- That's good. We tried_____ noisy.
A. not be B. not to be C. to be not D. to not be
7. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still ______.
A. a good place which to be lived in B. lived as a good place
C. a good place to live in D. living in as a good place
8. ---- Why was the official meeting called? ---- ______ new officers.
A. Select B. Selecting C. To select D. For selecting
9. ---- Where did he go? ---- He went to another store ______.
A. to buy pencils B. for buying pencils C. buy pencils D. buying pencils
10. ---- My baby has a heart trouble. ---- Did the doctor find it difficult ______ ?
A. in treating B. treating C. for treating D. to treat
11. ---- Did the judge ask you many questions? ---- Yes, and ______.
A. they were difficult to be answered B. to answer them was to be difficult
C. they were difficult to answer D. they had difficulty in answering
12. That beggar seems _____ anything yesterday.
A. not to have eaten B. not to eat C. didn't eat D. to not have eaten
13. The lost child desired nothing but _____ home.
A. go B. to go C. going . D. went
14.That box is____.
A. too heavy for me to carry B. too heavy for me to carry it
C. so heavy for me to carry D. very heavy for me to carry
15. Would you be ______ to do me a favour, please?
A. so kind as . B. too kind C. as kind as D. enough kind
16. To learn to speak English well,_____.
A. much practice is needed B. one needs much practice
C. much practice is needed by one D. one is needed much practice
17. Tom kept quiet about the accident ______ lose his job.
A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to
18. Last summer I took a course on ______ .
A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made
19. The house is not large enough ____ .
A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living
20. Nobody likes ______.
A. to speak ill of B. to be spoken ill of C. speaking ill of D. spoken ill of
21. I know him ______ a good football player while in college.
A. to have been B. to be C. was D. had been
22. I was surprised______.
A. watching him to eat so quickly B. watch him eat so quickly
C. watching him eat so quickly D. to watch him eat so quickly
23. Mr. White was seen ______ the Palace Museum.
A. enter B. to enter C. entered D. to entering
24. I saw Mary ____ the house.
A. open the door and go into B. to open the door and to go into
C. open the door and to go into D. open the door and went into
25. Paul does nothing but _____ all day long.
A. play B. to play C. playing D. played
26. Now we could not do anything but ______ for him here.
A. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait
27. I don't know her and I don't ______ .
A. want B. want to C. want it D. to want
28. ---- Go to the theatre with me, will you? ---- I should like ______, but I don't have time.
A. to B. too C. to do D. to go to
29. To play fair is as important as ______.
A. to play well B. play well C. we play well D. playing well
30. It is the greatest happiness on earth ______.
A. loving and to be loved B. to love and being loved
C. to love and to be loved D. love and be loved
31. _____ is better to love than _____ .
A. That, to be loved B. That, be loved C. It, be loved D. It, to be loved
32. It's very foolish _____ it?
A. for you to say B. of you to say C. with you saying D. in your saying
33. It ______ me two hours to find your new house.
A. cost B. took C. spent D. used
34. We did not expect our offer _____ so quickly.
A. rejected B. to reject . C. to be rejected D. rejecting
35. He told her ______ there at once.
A. get B. gets C. should get D. to get
36. We all think it most foolish ______ this mistake.
A. for you making B. of you to make C. you to make D. for you to make
37. I really don't know ____ .
A. to swim B. how to swim C. to swim how D. how swim
38. ---- What do you think about English? ---- It's a difficult language _____.
A. speaking B. to be spoken C. to speak D. spoken
篇8：语法复习十四：非谓语动词（三）--过去分词
（三）过去分词：
1、过去分词的基本用法：过去分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：
（1）作定语：过去分词作定语时，如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语，如：The stolen car was found by the police last week.
（2）作表语：过去分词作表语时，表示其逻辑主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句中的主语，如：The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。 注：过去分词作表语时，和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意义不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。
（3）作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：动词have后的复合宾语中，宾语补足语如为过去分词，常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的，如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找别人）把我的自行车给修了。
（4）作状语：过去分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句，该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语，是过去分词所表示意义的逻辑宾语。为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确，常在分词前加when, if, while, though, as等连词，如：Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.（we是该结构的逻辑主语，是give的逻辑宾语。）
独立主格：上述-ing和过去分词的用法中，-ing和过去分词在句中均有逻辑主语，但有时它们也能有自己的独立的主语，这种独立的主语，一般为名词或代词，位于其前之前，和-ing或过去分词构成独立主格。独立主格在句中一般只作状语用，而-ing和过去分词作用的形式，则要根据它们所表示的动作和句中谓语动词所表示的时间关系而定。至于独立主格中是使用-ing或是过去分词，则要根据它们的主语和其所表示的动作的主动被动关系而定，如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注：The work having been finished, she sat down to have a rest. ①独立结构中的being或having been常可省去，如：The meeting (being) over, all left the room. ②作伴随状语的独立结构常可用with短语来代替，如：She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks./ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.
2、-ing形式与过去分词的区别：
（1）语态不同：-ing形式表示主动概念，及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演说；the inspired audience受鼓舞的听众。
（2）时间关系不同：现在分词所表示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往是已经完成的动作，如：The changing world正在发生的世界；the changed world已经起了变化的世界。
练习、非谓语动词（三）
1. There is no question of _____ able to finish it himself.
A. Tom was B. Tom's being C. Tom's be D. Tom is
2. The new shopping center _____ now will be put into use by the end of this year.
A. built B. be built C. being built D. to be built
3. “Have you had supper?” “Not yet. The meal_____.”
A. are being cooked B. is being cooked C. is cooked D. are cooked
4. “I'm glad ______ you here in the hotel.” “It's my great pleasure to have you ______ us.”
A. meeting, to B. to have met, with C. having met, among D. to meet, of
5. I'm afraid I can't make myself _____ in English.
A. understanding B. understand C. to be understood D. understood
6. Although in a hurry, Wilson ______.
A. couldn't stop walking B. couldn't help the stranger
C. stopped to help the stranger D. didn't answer the stranger
7. Janet is easy _____.
A. for getting along with B. by getting along with
C. to get along with D. got along with
8. Don't forget ______ the light when you leave.
A. turn off B. to turn off C. turning off D. turned off
9. The mother is very glad; her baby is beginning ______.
A. understanding what she means B. to understand that she meant
C. to understand what she means D. noticing what she means ,
10. I think this story is _____ .
A. worth being read B. worth reading C. worth to read D. worth of reading
11. This scientist is a man ______ praise.
A. worth to B. worthy to be C. worthy of D. worth
12. I don't want ______ any more trouble, you see?
A. there being B. it to be C. it being D. there to be
13. When she returned home, she found the window open and something ______.
A. stealing B. missed C. stolen D. to steal
14. Strictly _____, it isn't worth the price you are asking.
A. to speak B. speaking C. speak D. spoken
15. Time ______, they'll come here to watch us ______ football.
A. permitted, playing B. permitted, to play C. permitting, play D. permitting, to play
16. The man was seen _____ into the courtyard.
A, stealing B. stolen C. be stealing D. had stolen
17. Bob should love _____ to the party tomorrow evening.
A. taking B. to be taken C. to take D. being taken
18. Tom had no choice but _____ the classroom with his classmates.
A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleans
19. Mr. Brown said that his car needed
A. to be repaired B. being repaired C. be repairing D. to repair
20. The old man didn't know whether to sell the car or____ .
A. being kept for later use B. kept for later use
C. to keep it for later use D. to be kept it for later use
21. The noise of the desks _____ could be heard in the next classroom.
A. being opened and closed B. opened and closed
C. having been opened and closed D. to be opened and closed
22. I remember _____ someone ____ the umbrella away.
A. to see, take B. having seen, to take
C. to see, to take D. having seen, take
23. She was noticed ______ the shop.
A. to enter B. enter C. having entered D. entered
24. I couldn't help _____ when I heard the joke.
A. being laughed B. laughing C. to be laughing D. to laugh
25._____, she burst into tears.
A. Deeply moved B. Deeply moving
C. As she deeply moved D. As she was deeply moving
26. The problem requires ______.
A. studying with great care B. to study carefully
C. to be studied without carelessness D. taking great care of studying it
27. _____ carelessly, the boy made mistakes here and there. .
A. being written B. Wrote C. Write D. Writing
28. He would rather ______ his parents with their housework than _____ out to play games.
A. to help, to go B. help, go C. help, to go D. to help, go
29. The boy had his leg _____ while ____ football.
A. broken, playing B. break, play C. broken, played D. broke, was playing
30. Having finished the work,_____. A. it was almost six o'clock
B. a postman came and delivered the evening paper and some letters
C. supper had been already prepared D. we had a rest and then had supper
31. He is ill. He has kept_____.
A. coughing all along B. to cough at night
C. cough since yesterday D. being coughed day and night
32. It is no use ____ without _____.
A. to talk, doing B. taking, being done
C. talking, doing D. being talked, being to do
33. “I usually go there by boat.” “Why not _____ by train for a change?”
A. try going B. to try going C. trying to go D. to try and go
34._____, she felt quite shy at the party.
A. As she a stranger B. Being a stranger
C. According to a stranger D. She like a stranger
35. Every morning he gets up early and practises ______ and then _____ to school.
A. to read English, go B. reading English, going
C. reading English, goes D. of reading English, goes
36. While _____ football on tin playground, I found 'my keys ______.
A. playing, lost , B. play, losing C. played, being lost D. having played, lost
37. ____ the same mistakes again made his parents very angry.
A. His having made B. He has made C. He had making D. Him making
38. Dick made it ______ to all his friends.
A. to know B. known C. know D. knowing
39. Anna spends one hour a day _____ spoken English.
A. practise B. to practise C. on practising D. in practising
40. No one was surprised at _____ the examination.
A. he passing B. his pass C. him pass D. his passing
41. Although swimming is his favourite sport, yet he doesn't like _____ today.
A. to swim B. swimming C. swim D. to have swim
42. She sat at the desk and set about _____ a letter to her friend.
A. to write B. writing C. write D. written
43. This soup is cold; it needs _____.
A. to heat B. to be heated C. being hot D. heated
44. I went ______a balloon but I didn't see anyone _____ balloons.
A. to buy, to sell B. to buy, selling C. buying, selling D. buying, to sell
45. Anna is often heard ______songs in her room.
A. sung B. singing C. sing D. to sing
46. The more you practise ______ English, the better your _____ English will be.
A. to speak, speaking B. speaking, spoken C. spoken, spoken D. spoken, speaking
篇9：英语的非谓语动词语法
英语的非谓语动词语法
Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)
爬山是一项好运动。
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用)
你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗?
He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用)
他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。
谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：
3) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
Miss Mary teaches us English.
玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语)
Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。
(to have a talk.... 不定式作状语)
4) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
Larke likes the pop music.
拉克喜欢流行音乐。
(动词用单数第三人称形式)
Larke has nothing to do today.
拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形)
非谓语动词的特征：
3 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。
Studying English is my favorite.
学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语)
To help him is my duty.
帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语)
4 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
Working under such a condition is terrible.
在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。
(under such a condition 是 working 的状语)
It's too difficult for him to master
English in such a short time.
他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。
(for him 作不定式的逻辑主语)
5 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.
对不起让你久等了。
(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)
Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.
从山上看，这座城市美丽多了。
(Seen from...是分词的被动形式)
6 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。
Our coming made him happy.
我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming 起名词作用)
There are two big swimming pools here.
这儿有两个大型游泳池。
(swimming 起形容词作用)
非谓语动词的形式变化：
不 定 式 主 动 被 动
一 般 to write to be written
进 行 to be writing/
完 成 to have written to have been written
完成进行 to have been writing /
现在分词 主 动 被 动
一 般 writingbeing written
完 成 having written having been written
过去分词 一般 written
动 名 词 主 动 被 动
一 般 writingbeing written
完 成 having written having been written
分 词
分词是由动词 +ing 或 动词 + ed 构成，它在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，状语。
working worked washing washed
分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加 ing 。 而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加 ed. 分词在句中可作定语，状语或表语。
分词作定语
China is a developing1 country.
中国是一个发展中国家。
That's an interesting story.
这是一个有趣的故事。
The girl singing for us is ten years old.
给我们唱歌的女孩十岁了。
作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后， 如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。
The working people have played a great role in the activity.
工人在这次活动中起主要作用。
The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.
被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院。
There is nothing interesting.
没什么有趣的事。
分词和动名词都可以作定语，判断是分词还是动名词，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断， 有主谓关系的是分词， 否则判断为动名词。
a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。(分词)
a swimming pool 游泳的池子 (动名词)
分词作状语
Being a student, he likes to help others.
作为一个学生，他喜欢帮助别人。
Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.
戴了一副新眼镜，她看书就好多了。
She is there waiting for us.
她在那儿等我们呢。
Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.
经老师一说，她知道自己不对。
分词作表语
The story is interesting .
故事有趣。
We are interested in computer.
我们对计算机感兴趣。
The glass is broken.
玻璃杯破了。
The water is boiled.
水是开的。
分词作宾语补足语
可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。
I saw him walking in the street.
我看见他在街上走。
I heard them singing in the classroom.
我听见他们在教室里唱歌。
We found the boy sleeping.
我们发现小孩睡着了。
have 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的。
I have my hair cut.
我理发了。(是别人给我理发)
She has her bike repaired.
她把自行车修理了。(别人修理的)
They have their house rebuilt.
他们重修了房子。
分词的否定形式。not + 分词
Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.
不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。
Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare2 to go to school.
小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。
分词的时态
分词的一般时表示动作同谓语动词的动作同时发生或之前发生。
Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.
看到老师进来，学生们停下来不玩了。
Coming into the room, he lied on his bed.
回到家后，他就躺在床上。
分词的完成时表示的动作在谓语动词的前面发生。
Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.
收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。
Having had my supper, I went out for a walk.
晚饭后，我出去散步了。
Having known3 that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.
他知道自己比赛获胜，高兴地把帽子扔上了天。
分词的被动形式
分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。
The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.
正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。
篇10：高中英语非谓语动词语法学习
三. 分词
1.固定句型： <1>have sb doing sth;让某人老是做某事; <2>have……done;请别人做某事;
Eg：孙悟空 The monkey;
Eg：The monkey has him running forward and back. 译文：孙悟空让小鬼来回不停地跑。
Eg：You should have your hair cut. 译文：你应该去理发发了。
四.考点综合
第三部分 分词.(包含动词-ing现在分词和动词-ed过去分词) 判断非谓语动词的三种方式：不定式(to do)、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式。 解决方法：牢记方法、熟化步骤、糊涂行事!!!
观点：只关心考试的问题!!!
<1>做定语或状语成分时;(即相当于做副词或形容词)
解题方法：先语态后时态进行判断。
解题思路：第一 to 动词原型：该动作主动发生且将来发生;
第二 动词-ing：该动作主动发生且正在发生;
第三 动词-ed：该动作被动发生且已经发生。
问题：如何区分、如何选择呢?
过程：首先判断语态、再判断时态问题。
另一种可能出现的问题：在第一步语态的判断上,可能直接得出答案。
<2>做名词成分但除宾补外;
注：名词性成分指名词在句中可充当的成分.例如名词可做主语、宾语等.
解题方法：先时态后语态进行判断。
解题思路：第一 动词不定式：表示动作在将来发生，且主动;
第二 动词-ing：表示动作在正在发生，且主动;
第三 动词-ed：表示动作在过去发生，且被动。
<3>做宾补成分;
1. 感观动词+名词+非谓语动词做宾补;
(1) 解题方法和做定语状语完全一致先语态后时态进行判断;
(2) 唯一的区别是后面接省to不定式。
2. 使役动词(have)sb/sth;
(1) have sb do sth 表示使某人做某事;
(2) have sb doing sth 表示使某人/某事一直处在某状态里;
(3) have sb done sth 表示找别人做某事/替的含义. 注意：存在的唯一区别就是感观动词+名词+非谓语动词做宾补这种形式.
Eg：I saw XH drop into a lake. 我看见徐昊老师掉湖里了。 原因：由于前面出现感观动词，所以句中不定式要省to。
知识回顾：重点为考点综合。(分三类) <1>做副词或形容词(即定语或状语);先语态后时态; <2>做名词成分除宾补外;先时态后语态; <3>做宾补成分.第一 感观动词+名词+非谓语动词做宾补; (1)整体上方法同<1>;
(2)唯一一个区别是后面接省to不定式.
第二 使役动词(have)sb/sth;
篇11：高中英语非谓语动词语法学习
整体介绍： 非谓语包含三部分：第一部分 动词不定式;
第二部分 动名词;
第三部分 分词.(包含动词-ing现在分词和动词-ed过去分词)
一. 动词不定式(形式 to do)
1.句型：
<1>too+adj/adv+to do 表示太……而不能;
<2>adj/adv+enough+to do 表示足以……
Eg：The boy is too young to look after himself. 译文：这个小男孩太小了以至于不能照顾自己。
Eg：The boy is old enough to look after himself.
2.不带to的不定式：
<1>help的结构：help sb to do sth/help sb do sth;(推荐使用后者)
<2>表示感觉的动词(感观动词),后面接不定式做宾补时通常省to;
Eg：I feel the house shake.
<3>“do和to有仇”;
固定句型：第一 do+except/but+V(省to)
第二 当主语部分有实意动词do时,做表语的不定时可以省to
Eg：I can do nothing except learn English. 原因：由于句中出现do的形式，所以省略to。
Eg：What we can do is get used to the society.(无间道) 原因：由于前面主语从句出现do的形式，从而省略to。
注意点：第一 “do和to有仇”指的是do的一切形式都与to有仇;
第二 “do和to有仇”与其它单词没有仇。
<4>why、why not+do(省to)
Eg：Why not go with me?
注意：重点掌握省to的不定式!
二. 动名词
1.固定句型：
<1>It is no use/no good/fun/a good pleasure +doing; <2>It is useless/nice/good/interesting +doing;
Eg：It is no use talking with him. 译文：和他谈话一点用都没有。
Eg：It is useless talking with him.
<3>第一 Have difficulty(trouble，problem……)+(in)+doing;
第二 Be busy +(in)+doing;
第三 waste time +(in)+doing;
注：三者共同的结构,都含带了(in)+doing。
Eg：It wastes time (in)talking with him.
篇12：英语非谓语动词讲解及练习
非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：
doing , done , to do , doing 。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：
现在分词 doing : 有being done（被动式） ; having done （完成式）; having been do
ne （完成被动式）
不定式 to do : 有to be done （被动式）; to have done （完成式）; to be doing（进行式）
动名词 doing : 有having done（完成式）; being done（被动式） ;
非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。
下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解：
一． 动词不定式
先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。
1．To learn a foreign language is difficult .
2． His wish is to be a driver .
3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer .
4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises .
5．I have nothing to say .
6．They went to see their aunt .
7．It’s easy to see their aunt.
8．I don’t know what to do next .
9．I heard them make a noise .
说明：1．动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4．动词不定式作宾语补足语，5．动词不定式作定语,6．动词不定式作目的状语,7．动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。8．带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9．不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：
1． “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。
agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,
equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to
2． 带to 还是不带to
I have no choice but to give in
I cannot do anything but give in
I saw him enter the classroom .
（ 但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .）
3． 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of .
It’s necessary for you to study hard .
It’s foolish of him to do it .
与of 连用的形容词有：
good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible
4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：
want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.
需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws .
5．不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to 。
want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o
ught to , need to , used to , be able to
6．不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：
1）动宾关系：
He has a lot of meeting to attend .
Please lend me something to write with .
He is looking for a room to live
He is looking for a room to live in .
He has no money and no place
to live ( in ) .
I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .
There is no time to think ( about ) .
2）主谓关系：
She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .
----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 逻辑主语是I )
-------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now ( 逻辑主语不是I )
7．不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义：
1） 原因
He is lucky to get here on time .
这种结构中常用的形容词有：
happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy
2) 目的
He came to help me with my maths .
3) 结果
I hurried to get there only to find him out .
The book is too hard for the boy to read .
He is old enough to go to school .
8 . 不定式作补足语
I saw him play in the street just now .
能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：
see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice
注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如：
He was seen to play in the street just now.
二．动名词
Learning English is very difficult .
学英语非常困难。
His job is driving a bus .
他的工作是开车。
I enjoy dancing .
我喜欢跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country .
我已经习惯了住农村。
Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep .
吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。
注意以下几种结构：
1．There’s no telling what will happen .
=It’s impossible to tell what will happen .
= No one can tell what will happen .
2．It’s no use talking with him .
It’s no good speaking to them like that .
3．There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing …
在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换:
trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time
注意以下几个问题：
1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，
forget to do … 忘记要做某事
forget doing… 忘记做了某事
remember to do…记住要做某事
remember doing …记着做了某事
mean to do … 有意要做某事
mean doing … 意味着做了某事
regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔
regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔
can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事
try to do … 尽力去做某事
try doing 试着做某事
learn to do … 学着去做某事
learn doing … 学会做某事
stop to do … 停下来去做（另一件事）
stop doing … 停止做某事
go on to do … 接着做（另外一件事）
go on doing … 继续做某事
used to do … 过去做某事
be used to doing …习惯做某事
2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别
动名词作定语表达 n+ for doing 的含义
现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who) be doing的含义
如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping
a running horse = a horse which is running
前者是动名词 ， 后者是现在分词
又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy
3． 动名词的逻辑主语：
动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。
例如：His coming made us very happy .
4．动名词的语态和时态
5． 动名词主动形式表被动的情况：
need doing , want doing , require doing
例如： This room needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷。
6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：
admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ,
三． 分词
1 The story is interesting . I’m interested in it .
这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。
2 . This is a moving film .
这是一部动人的电影。
3. The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president .
秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。
4. Given more time , I’ll do it well .
如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。
When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank .
当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。
应注意的几个问题：
1．现在分词与过去分词的区别
Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?
= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ?
The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.
= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.
China is a developing country and America is a developed country.
2．分词作表语
The news sounds encouraging .
They got very excited .
1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：
The news is interesting .
He is interested in the news .
doing 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系 ；done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。
2）表语与被动式的区别：
The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .（强调动作）
The blackboard is broken . You’d better have it repaired.（强调状态）
3）常作表语的过去分词：
amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done
3．现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别
The situation in our country is encouraging . (表语)
The situation in our country is encouraging the people . ( 现在进行时)
My job is looking after the little baby . (动名词)
能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。
例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging .
What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby .
4．注意的四种结构：
have something to do 有某事要做
have something done 使某事被做
have somebody do something 使某人做某事
have something doing 让某事一直做着
5． 需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词：
seat , prepare , hide , dress
如：I seated myself on the chair .
I was seated on the chair .
6．分词做状语与不定式的区别：
分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。
Having finished the homework , I went home . （ 时间）
Being a Party member , I should work hard . （原因）
Given more time ,I can do my work better . （ 条件 ）
He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy. （ 伴随）
To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder . ( 目的 )
He is old enough to join the army . （ 结果）
7．分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别
a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is running
a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen
a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walking
something to do 不定式 = something that I should do
8．不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别：
I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting . ( 将来)
The building being built on the river is the Science Museum . （正在进行）
The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions . （ 过去）
9．分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：
分词与句子主语的逻辑关系
Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful .( 错误 )
Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful . （ 正确）
Seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系；seen 与city 是动宾关系
练习
I .单项选择
1.Most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting
2. ______ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it .
A. Having being told B. Though had been told C. He was told
D. Having told
3. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the path .
A.to have rested B. testing C. to rest D. rest
4. The next morning she found the man ______ in bed , dead .
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
5. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _______ it more difficult .
A. to make B. not to make C. not making D. to not make
6 . The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912 .
A.first playing B.to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
7 . ---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting .
---- Well , now I regret ____________that .
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
8 . The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks , _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here .
A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
9 . _______ a reply , he decided to write again .
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
10.The speaker raised his voice, but he still couldn’t make himself ________ .
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard
Robert is said ___ abroad , but I don’t know what country be studied in .
to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
II . 用动词的正确形式填空
1. Little Tom should love ________ ( take ) to the theatre this evening .
2. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______ ( learn ) . He always works hard .
3. The computer centre , ______ ( open )last year , is very popular among the students in this school .
4. Go on _____( do ) the other exercise after you have finished this one .
5. How about two of us ______ ( take ) a walk down the garden .
答案：
I
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.D
II
1.to be taken ; 2.to learn ; 3.opened ;4.to do ; 5.taking
★ 非谓语从句是什么
★ 英语动词的语法
非谓语动词复习教案 :倒装句语法及巩固练习（整理12篇）
