英语语法介词语法知识点

时间:2022-12-18 18:29:34 作者:liaodx 综合材料 收藏本文 下载本文

“liaodx”通过精心收集,向本站投稿了8篇英语语法介词语法知识点,下面是小编为大家推荐的英语语法介词语法知识点,欢迎大家分享。

篇1:英语语法介词语法知识点

目录

英语介词的定义

英语介词的种类

英语常用介词用法与辨析

英语介词的定义

介词是一种用来表示词与词, 或者词与句之间的关系的词,在句中不能单独作句成分。介词一定要有宾语,充当宾语的一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其它词、短语或句子,短语或从句。

英语介词的种类

(1)简单介词,如at, in off, on, by, to, with等。

(2)合成介词,如into, inside, within, throughout等。

(3)短语介词,如according to, because of, in addition to, in front of, in spite of等。

(4)二重介词,如from behind, from among, until after, at about等。

英语常用介词用法与辨析

一、表示方位的介词:in, to, on

1. in 表示在某地范围之内。如:

Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。

2. to 表示在某地范围之外。如:

Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。

3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。如:

Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。

二、表示计量的介词:at, for, by

1. at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。如:

It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。

I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。

2. for表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。如:

He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。

注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。

3. by表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。如:

They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。

Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。

三、表示材料的介词:of, from, in

1. of成品仍可看出原料。如:

This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。

2. from成品已看不出原料。如:

Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。

3. in表示用某种材料或语言。如:

Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。

They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。

注意:in指用材料,不用冠词;而with指用工具,要用冠词。请比较:draw in pencil/draw with a pencil。

介词短语在句中的作用

介词不能单独在句子当中担当成分,它后面必须接名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类搭配(介词+宾语)构成介词短语;和动词搭配构成短语动词,然后才能够在句子当中充当成分。

一、介词的搭配与选择

介词不能在句子中独立充当一个成分,而需要与其后面的宾语相结合,成为介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。所以选用什么介词要根据其后面所接的宾语而定。但是,有时介词也受其前面用词的限制,因此,许多情况下也应根据介词前面的词选用相应的介词。

二、介词的语法功能

介词与其他词类或成分结合后方能在句子中充当语法成分,构成介词短语。介词短语可以作定语(须后置)、状语、表语、宾语补足语、另一个介词的宾语,间或作主语等。

例如:

The skyscraper in the distance isa five-star hotel.(定语)

Her eyes were tired from long reading.(状语)

The decision is of great importance to me.(表语)

They found the machine in a bad state.(宾语补足语)

A pretty girl appeared from behind the curtain.(介词宾语)

On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.(主语)

篇2:介词英语语法

介词英语语法

在小学英语中,介词学习的比重占了课程的很大一部分,掌握好介词也是为以后学英语奠定基础的关键之一。有些孩子由于英语介词不过关而对英语怯步,如今在小升初临门一脚时,如何不让英语介词绊倒通往中学的大道?以下就来看看,他人是如何学习英语介词的?

首先来看看,at in与on在时间方面的用法:

at表示时间的一点;in表示一个时期;on表示特殊日子。如:

He goes to school at seven o’clock in the morning. 他早晨七点上学。

Can you finish the work in two days? 你能在两天内完成这个工作吗?

Linda was born on the second of May. 琳达五月二日出生。

1>. at后常接几点几分,天明,中午,日出,日落,开始等。如:

at five o’clock (五点),at down (黎明),at daybreak (天亮),at sunrise (日出),at noon (中午),at sunset (日落),at midnight (半夜),at the beginning of the month (月初), at that time (那时),at that moment (那会儿),at this time of day (在一天的这个时候)。

2>. in后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季节,世纪等。如:

in 2006,in May,2004 (五月),in the morning (早晨/上午),in the afternoon (下午),in the evening (晚上),in the night (夜晚),in the daytime (白天),in the 21st century (21世纪),in three days (weeks/month)三天(周/个月),in a week (一周),in spring (春季)。

3>. on后常接某日,星期几,某日或某周日的朝夕,节日等。如:

on Sunday (星期日),on a warm morning in April (四月的一个温暖的上午),on a December night (12月的一个夜晚),on that afternoon (那天下午),on the following night (下一个晚上),on Christmas afternoon (圣诞节下午),on October 1,1949 (1949年10月1日),on New Year’s Day (新年),on New Year’s Eve (除夕),on the morning of the 15th (15日的早上)等。

我们常用的方位介词有: in on to

在范围之内用in,在范围之外,如果两地接壤就用on 不接壤的用to如:

Beijing is in the north of China .

Japan is to the east of China .

Shanxi Province is on the west of Hebei Province .

更多介词如下:

表示时间:at, in, on, by, through

表示附近:near, by, beside, at

表示地点:at, in, on

表示除外:besides, except, except for, but

表示方位:in, to, on

表示上下:above, below, over, under, on, beneath

表示方式:by, through, with

表示原因:for, from, at, through, with, because of, due to, owing to, on account of, thanks to

表示价格比率对比:at, by, for, against

表示属性特性:of, with

还有:since, inside, out of, onto, into, without, instead of, from behind, until from, concerning, considering, following, including, regarding, respecting, saving等

更多介词用法如下:

1. at表示“在......处”,一般指较小的.比较具体的地点。如:He isn't at school. He is at home. 他不在学校,他在家。

2. in表示“在......内部;在......里面”的意思。如:What is in the box? 盒子里有什么?

3. on表示“在某物的上面”,但两者互相接触。如:My books are on that table. 我的书在那张桌子上。

4. under表示“在某物垂直的正下方”,两者之间不接触。如:My cat is under my chair. 我的猫在我的椅子下。

5. behind表示“在某物体的后面”。如:The broom is behind the door. 笤帚在门后。

6. in front of表示“在......的前面”,正好与behind相反。如:There are some big trees in front of our classroom. 我们教室前面有几棵大树。

7. near表示“在某物体的附近”,意为“接近、靠近”。如:The ball is near the door. 球在门旁边。

8.介词in, on, under, behind是表示静态位置的介词

篇3:英语高中语法介词知识点

高中英语语法介词知识点大汇总

介词的英语全称为“preposition”是由“前缀pre-(在……前部)+position(位置)”构成的,所以又叫前置词。一般放在名词、代词或动名词的前面。

介词是虚词,主要用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之间的关系,如空间位置、时间先后、因果关系、方式方法等。介词与其宾语构成介词短语。可作介词宾语的主要有名词、代词、动名词(或动名词短语)、名词性从句等。

一. 介词的分类

分类

特点

例词

简单介词

即一个介词

about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on等等。

合成介词

由两个介词构成的合成词

into, onto, throughout, upon, within

短语介词

由短语构成

according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to等等。

双重介词

由两个介词搭配而成

from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等等。

分词介词

由现在分词转化而来

considering(就……而论), including,regarding,concerning等。

兼类介词

由形容词直接转化而来

like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等。

二. 介词短语的语法功能

介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。

介词短语的功能

例 句

作定语

They didn’t find the solution to the problem.

作状语

We have breakfast at seven.(表时间)

They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因)

What do you mean by doing such a thing?(表方法)

Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(表条件)

作表语

When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home.

作宾语补足语

I found the old building in a bad condition.

三. 表示相同或相似概念的介词(短语)的区别

表示的概念

介词(短语)

区 别

例 子

时间

in

on

at

at在一个时间点上;

in在一段时间之内;

on在具体某一天或具体的上午、下午、晚上。

①at 8 o'clock, at noon

②in the 1990s, in January

③on Monday, on a warm morning

since

from

since 指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连用;

from指从时间的某一点开始。

①We have not seen each other since 1995.

②I hope to do morning exercises from today.

in,

after

in指在一段时间之后,用于一般将来时,也可以指一段时间之内=within;

after表示某一具体时间点之后,用于一般过去时。

①We’ll be back in three days.

②After seven the rain began to fall.

in the end

at the end of

by the end of

in the end作“最后”、“终于”解,单独作句子成分,后不接介词of;

at the end of 表示“在……末梢”,“到……尽头”,既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用;

by the end of 作“在……结束时”,“到……末为止”解,只能指时间。不可单独使用。

①In the end they reached a place of safety.

②At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.

③They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.

④By the end of last month he had finished the novel.

位置

between

among

一般说来,between表示两者之间;

among用于三者或三者以上之间。

①You are to sit between your father and me.

②He is always happy among his classmates.

注意:但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别时,要用between。

①Agreements were made between the

different countries.

②The little valley lies between high mountains.

③They don’t know the difference between wheat, rice and coin.

in

on

to

in表示在某范围内;

on指与什么毗邻;

to指在某范围之外。

①Changchun is in the northeast of China.

②Mongolia is on the north of China.

③Japan is to the east of China.

on

in

on只表示在某物的表面上,而用in表示占去某物一部分。

①There is a book on the piece of paper.

②There is an interesting article in the

newspaper.

③ He dug a hole in the wall.

in

into

in通常表示位置(静态);

into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置。

①We walked in the park.

②We walked into the park.

through

across

through表示从内部通过,与in 有关;

across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过,与on有关。

①Water flows through the pipe.

②The old man walked across the street.

in the corner

on the corner

at the corner

in the corner 表示在角落里,in指角的内面;on the corner表示“在角上”,on指的不是内面,也不是外面,而含内外兼有之意;at the corner指“在拐角处”,at指的是拐角外附近的外面。

①The lamp stands in the corner of the room.

②I met with him at the street corner.

③He sat on the corner of the table.

除了

besides

except

but

except for

besides指“除了……还有;except指“除了,减去什么”,不能放在句首。but 与except意思近似,表示“除了…..外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。except for表示“除...外,撇开”。

①All went out except me.

②I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.

③His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.

动作

at+名词

at dinner/table 在吃饭

at work 在工作

at war 交战

at cards 在玩牌

at work 在办公

at play 在玩耍

at rest 在休息

at school 在上学

at press 正在排印

at church 在做礼拜

beyond+名词

beyond belief 难以置信

beyond control 无法控制

beyond compare 无可比拟

beyond description 难以形容

beyond expression 无法表达

beyond suspicion 无可怀疑

in+名词

或in +名词+of+名词

in the army 在当兵

in need of 需要

in action 在运转

in progress 在进行

in operation 在运行中

in use 开始使用

in sight 看得见

in store 贮藏着

in course of construction 正在兴建当中

in (good) repair 维修良好的

in course of shipment 定的货正在运输途中

in charge of 负责

in the charge of 由……负责

in possession of 拥有

in the possession of 被……拥有

on+名词

on business 办事/出差

on holiday/vacation/leave 在休假

on watch 值班

on duty 值勤/日

on guard 在值勤

on strike 在罢工

on sale 出售

on loan 借贷

on the move 在移动,搬迁,离开

on the march 在行军

on the air 在广播

on fire 在燃烧

on trial 在试用

on show/display/exhibition 在展出

under+名词

under control 在被控制之中

under discussion 在被讨论中

under development 在被发展中

under observation 在被观察中

under test 在被测试

under construction 在被建设中

under fire 在炮火中

under examination 在被检查/调查中

under consideration 在被考虑中

under repair 在被修理中

under arrest 被被逮捕中

under attack 在被袭击中

under medical treatment 在被治疗中

under study 在被研究中

其他

against one’s opinion 反对某人的见解

for one’s opinion 同意某人的见解

above reproach 无可指责,无可非议

above suspicion 不受怀疑

above criticism 无可指责

at the mercy of 在……支配下;任由……摆布

for sale 供出售

for rent 供出租

within sight 看得见

         

四. 容易混淆的介词固定搭配的词组

类 型

举 例

差一冠词,大相径庭

in front of(在……前面)——in the front of(在……前部)

in charge of(负责)——in the charge of(由……负责)

out of question(毫无疑问)——out of the question(不可能)

at table(在吃饭;在吃饭时)——at the table(在桌子旁边)

有无介词,意义不同

know sb.认识某人——know about sb.了解某人

shoot sb.击中某人——shoot at sb.向某人射击

search sb.搜身——search for sb.搜寻某人

believe sb.相信某人的话——believe in sb.信任某人的人格

benefit sb.使某人受益——benefit from sb.从某人那里得到益处

画蛇添足,误加介词

serve the people 为人民服务(容易在serve后加for)

enter the room 进入房间(容易在enter后加into)

follow me 跟在我后面(容易在follow后加behind)

marry sb. 与某人结婚(容易在marry后加with)

go abroad 出国(容易在go后面加to)

live upstairs 住在楼上(容易在live后面加 in)

母语思维,误用介词

be caught in the rain 被雨淋着(不用by)

leave for some place 动身去某地(不用to)

set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样(不用for)

in the direction 朝着……方向(不用to)

do a favor for sb. 帮某人一个忙(不用to)

different from 和……不同(不用with)

with the help of 在……的帮助下(不用under)

steal sth. from sb.偷某人的东西(不用of)

read sth. to sb. 给(为)……读(念)……(不用for)

篇4:六年级英语介词语法知识点

六年级英语介词语法知识点

①in+月、年the morning/afternoon/evening/aweek表示时间

②on+具体某一天(几月几日)/某个假期(…Day)

③at+具体某点时间、某个假期(…Festival)/the weekend

①in…street

表示方位②on…road/left/right

③at the…crossing/stop/某个具体的地点

①in the tree(不是树上长出来的)

②on the tree(树上原来自己长出来的)

表示时间:①ago(……以前)later(……以后)

②before(在……以前)after(在……以后)

篇5:中考英语语法知识点:介词和连词

6.从属连词

从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有:

(1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless等。

(3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。

(4)引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。

(5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等。

(6)引导结果状语从句的so that, so…that, such…that等。

(7)引导比较状语从句的than, as…as等。

(8)引导名词从句的that, if , whether等。

7.常用连词的用法辨析

(1)while, when, as

这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句,但用法有所不同。

1)当某事正在进行的时候,又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如:

As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.

2)当两个长动作同时进行的时候,最常用的是while。例如:

While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.

3)当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时,最常用的是as。例如:

As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them.

4)当两个短动作同时发生时,或表示“一边…一边…”时,最常用as。例如:

Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.

She looked behind from time to time as she went

5)当从句的动作先于主句的动作时,通常用when。例如:

When he finished his work, he took a short rest.

6)当从句是瞬间动作,主句是延续性动作时,通常用when。例如:

When John arrived I was cooking lunch.

(2)as, because, since , for

这四个词都可表原因,但用法有区别。

1)如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。因此,because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如:

I stayed at home because it rained.

---Why aren’t you going?

---Because I don’t want to.

2)如果原因已被人们所知,或不如句子的其它部分重要,就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如:

As he wasn’t ready, we left without him.

Since I have no money, I can’t buy any food.

3)for用来补充说明一种理由,因此,for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如:

I decided to stop and have lunch----for I was feeling quite hungry.www.zhongkao5.com//

(3)if, whether

if和whether都可作“是否”讲,在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如:

I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.

I don’t know whether (if) he likes that film.

在下列情况下,只能用whether,不能用if:

1)引导主语从句时。例如:

Whether he will come to the party is unknown.

2)引导表语从句时。例如:

The question is whether I can pass the exam.

3)在不定式前。例如:

I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.

(4)so…that, such…that

1)so…that中的so是个副词,其后只能跟形容词或副词,而such…that中的such是个形容词,后接名词或名词短语。例如:

I’m so tired that I can’t walk any farther.

It was such a warm day that he went swimming.

2)如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时,用so,不用such。例如:

He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.

I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.

(5)either…or…, neither…nor, not only…but also…

这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时,

谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如:

Either you or he is wrong.

Neither he nor his children like fish.

Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book.

(6)although, but

这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如:我们不能说“Although he is

over sixty, but he works as hard as others.”这个句子应改为:Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.

(7)because, so

这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如:我们不能说“Because John

was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 这个句子应改为Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.

篇6:介词语法讲解及练习题英语语法详细解析

介词语法讲解:表示地点位置的介词

1)at ,in, on, to

at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近,旁边”

in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。

on 表示毗邻,接壤

to 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤

He arrived at the station at ten.

He is sitting at the desk.

He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.

Jiangsu lies in the east of China.

Russia lies on the north of China.

Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.

2)above, over, on 在……上

above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与 below相对;

over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。

on表示某物体上面并与之接触。

The bird is flying above my head.

There is a bridge over the river.

He put his watch on the desk.

3)below, under 在……下面

under表示在…正下方

below表示在……下,不一定在正下方

There is a cat under the table.

Please write your name below the line.

介词语法讲解:表示时间的介词

1)in , on,at 在……时

in表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。

如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in one’s life , in one’s thirties等。

on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。

如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。

at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。

如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas, at night, at noon, at this moment等。

注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如:We meet every day.

2)in, after 在……之后

“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后;

“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后;

“after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后。

My mother will come back in three or four days.

He arrived after five months.

She will appear after five o’clock this afternoon.

3)from, since 自从……

from仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久;

since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用。

He studied the piano from the age of three.

They have lived here since 1978.

4)after, behind 在……之后

after主要用于表示时间;

behind主要用于表示位置。

We shall leave after lunch.

Lucy is hiding behind an old house.

介词语法讲解:表运动方向的介词 across, through 通过,穿过

across表示横过,即从物体表面通过,与on有关;

through穿过,即从物体内部穿过,与in有关。

She swam across the river.

He walked through the forest.

介词语法讲解:表示“在……之间”的介词 between, among

between指在两个人或两个事物之间;

among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。

There is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the playground.

The teacher is standing among the students.

介词语法讲解:表示其他意义的介词

1)on ,about 关于

on 表示这本书,这篇文章或演说是严肃的,或学术性的,可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读;

about表示内容较为普通,不那么正式。

There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon.

He is writing a book on cooking.

He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.

2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具

by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具;

with 表示用 …工具、手段,一般接具体的工具和手段;

in 表示用…方式,用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等;

He makes a living by selling newspapers.

He broke the window with a stone.

The foreigner spoke to us in English.

3)except, besides 除了

except 除……之外,不包括在内;

besides 除……之外,包括在内。

Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)

Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)

>>>下一页更多“介词语法练习题”

篇7:介词语法讲解及练习题英语语法详细解析

介词语法练习题

1. China lies _____ the east of Asia and ___ the north of Australia.

A. to; to

B. in; to

C. to; in

D. in; on

2. ______ the afternoon of March 8, the women in the city had a big party.

A. To

B. In

C. At

D. On

3. Where’s Lily? We are all here ______ her.

A. besides

B. about

C. except

D. with

4. Mum, today is Mother’s Day. Mike and I want to invite you to have dinner ____ us at Shanghai Restaurant, which is famous _____ its seafood.

A. with; of

B. with; for

C. for; to

D. to; for

5. He has got a chair to sit _______, but nobody to talk _______.

A. on; to

B. /; with

C. on; /

D. /; to

6. English is widely used ______ travelers and business people all over the world.

A. to

B. for

C. as

D. by

7.—It’s kind ___ you to come to see me.

—It’s a pleasure. You were so kind ___ me.

A. of; with

B. for; with

C. of; to

D. for; to

8.—Is the manager in?

—Sorry, he is out. But he will be back ____ three o’clock.

A. in

B. on

C. until

D. before

9. _____ the age of fifteen, she had written scores of articles for a newspaper.

A. At

B. Before

C. Since

D. By

10.—Bob, you are wanted _____ the phone.

—Thanks a lot.

A. on

B. by

C. of

D. for

11. The soil is made ____ the dead leaves of the trees.

A. up of

B. of

C. from

D. by

12. The writer often sat up far into the night working ______ a new novel.

A. for

B. on

C. with

D. in

13. You must stand _____ line when you are waiting _____ a bus.

A. on; in

B. in; for

C. in; on

D. on; for

14. It’s very nice _____ you to get me two tickets _____ the World Cup.

A. for; of

B. of; for

C. to; for

D. of; to

15. We should do something to stop sandstorms _____ happening again and again.

A. from

B. on

C. by

D. to

参考答案:

1~5 BDCBA 6~10 DCDAA 11~15 CBBBA

篇8:托福语法---介词

英文介词种类繁多且词意多变。不过,涉及的有关介词的题目重复性很强,而且有规律可循。命题焦点售在中(1)含有介词的固定短语,(2)含有特定含义的介词误用

介词常考题型及解题要点

1.含有介词的固定短语:短语或词组中的介词不能随意更换或省略

例题分析

(1)Most aquatic animals breathe by means external respiratory organs called gills.

(答案) 正确的短语为by means of,其中的介词of不能省略

(2) Speed refers only toward the rate of mution without

specifying any direction of motion.(94.8)

(答案) 正确短语形式为refer to

(3) Historical geology deals about data on the development of the Earth

gathered from the study of rocks, which are analyzed to determine their age and composition. (93.8)

(答案) 正确短语式式为deal with.

(4) The diamond is the only gemstone composed with just one chemical element, carbon.

(答案) 正确短语形式为。Be composed of

(5) Best known for his research in statistical mechanics and meson physics. Chen Ning Yang shared the Nobel Prize in 1957 to another physicist from the United States, Tsung-dao Lee.

(答案) 正确的短语搭配为 share.......with

(6) The doctrine of eminent domain is based the legal tradition that all real property is subject to the control of the state.

(答案) 正确的短语形式为be based on 其中的介词on不能省掉。

2. 介词用错

解题要点 介词与后面的名词通常有固定的搭配习惯,或有特定的语意功能,不能随意更换。通常,介词毕有含义,不同的介词会使整个句子表达不同的意思。当A、B、C、D四个选择答案中出现单独划线的介词,应首先考虑它是否使用正确。

全真例题分析

(1)Scientists claim that an individual can function from about three days when totally deprived of sleep.

(答案) from应改用for。表示动作延续的时间应用介词for。

(2) Canadian scarlet-clad guards and mounties with horseback are part of the summer scenery in Ottawa.

(答案) with改为on, “骑在马背上”应用介词on表示位置。

(3) During eclipses of the Sun, the Ojibwa Indians of North America shot flaming arrows inside the sky to rekindle the light.

(答案) inside改为into, 介词into表示的动作性;shot……into the sky。天空无边无沿,不能用介词inside来修饰。

(4) Wild elephants are almost continuously waving their trunks. Both up in the air and down aside the ground.

(答案) aside改为on。On the ground 是固定介宾搭配。Ground 没有边沿,无法用aside来修饰。

(5) Recent studies have shown that air into a house often has higher concentrations of contaminants than heavily polluted air outside.

(答案) into改为in。Into强调动作,而in表示的是静止的状态。“房间里面的空气”只能用in来表示。

(6) The early use of a complete steel frame for towering buildings appeared in the first skyscraper, built on Chicago in 1883.

(答案) built on 改为built in。城市名前面只能用介词in来修饰。

3.介词between和among的区别

解题要点 between表示二者之间,among表示三者或更多的整体概念。当A、B、C、D四项选择答案中出现between或者among时,它通常就是此题的命题焦点。

全真例题分析

(1) The determination of the path of Mars‘s orbit in 1609 became the unifying link among the two formerly separate realms of physics and astronomy.

(答案) among改为between

(2) The Carlsbad caverns, located in New Mexico, rank between the largest underground labyrinths in the world.

(答案) between改为among。表示多数概念,或范围时应用among。

(3) For a long time cotton ranked first between Alabama‘s crops, but today it accounts for only a fraction of the agricultural production.

(答案) between改为among。表示范围时应用among。

中考英语语法知识点:介词和连词

初中英语基础语法6-介词

英语介词知识点的

英语语法之介词的应用解析

大一语法知识点总结

初中英语语法主谓语法一致原则

英语七年级上册的语法知识点

介词短语

《英语语法手册》句子成分与高考语法填空备考指南

think后加什么介词

英语语法介词语法知识点(精选8篇)

欢迎下载DOC格式的英语语法介词语法知识点,但愿能给您带来参考作用!
推荐度: 推荐 推荐 推荐 推荐 推荐
点击下载文档 文档为doc格式
点击下载本文文档