“科学家不吃地瓜”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了12篇托福教学计划，下面是小编为大家整理后的托福教学计划，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
- 目录
篇1：托福写作
Agree or disagree
Some people argue as if it is a general truth that a_____________________________.But to be frank, I cannot agree with them. There are numerous reasons why I hold no confidence on them, and I would explore only a few primary ones here.
The main problem with this argument is that it is ignorant o the basic fact that______________解释本段中心___________.
Another reason why I disagree with the above statement is that I believe that______________.
What is more, some students are interested in____________.
In a word, ________________.
篇2：托福写作技巧
托福写作技巧
yasIELTS WRITING SKILL
Ⅰ简介
1.结构
Tack 1:图表题(20min 150~180words 1/3)
Tack 2: Essay (40min 250~300words 2/3)
2.评分标准(Rating Mechanism/Criterion)
(1)字数:250words 9~15sentences 20~30words/sentence
(2)Fabric/Organization
4~5paragraphs
①Introduction (2~3sentences):导入问题、观点和态度
②Main
③Body
④
⑤Conclusion:与开通呼应
(3)切题
手段问题的摆出与观点或写作目的及命题相关，即不能写于主题无关的句子。
注意：
①不用some people
②不要引用名人名言。
③Main Body段落的主旨句往往为首句，且要出现命题的核心词或其近义词。
(4)衔接（句与句间的逻辑关系，包括从句与主句的关系）
过渡（段落间的起承转合）
(5)与法语拼写
正确率在97%以上，即错误处<8
(6)句法复杂
复杂句>70% ①定于从句:sb,a sth,who does sth,is sb
②主语从句:That…, is a…
③状语从句:Because Although
(7)句型多变 ①强调句:It is … that/who…
②倒庄句:Not…until…
③比较结构:平行、对称
④分词:Ex:⑴Analyzing this issue from macroeconomics angles, scientists claim that it looms large (严重).
⑵Analyzed from historical angle/perspectives…
↑Band 7
(8)词汇
注意近义词的使用
↑Band 8
(9)习语、成语、修辞
ⅡIntroduction (2~3sentences)
(1)Problem/Issue:
①陈述句或设问句
②不能照抄命题
③在提出问题前可陈述与命题有关的现象（不超过一句）
(2)Points(反/正/中)
(3) Examples:
①What roles does tax, regards of its various forms, play in the development of a nation and an individual tax player. On the basis/strength/ground of my understanding/experience/knowledge, it hinders and hampers （阻碍/押头韵） human well being（人类福利）.
②05-6-11
What is the relationship between architecture and culture identities? Will constructing buildings in conventional styles contribute to the preservation and or protection of the so-called culture ,a term with rather elusive (难以捉摸) and even controversial senses. A voice advocating such a practice is prevailing (流行)/dominating（控制）the public. This concept, nevertheless, is dubious /problematic.
③05-7-9
Do health care and education fall in the responsibilities of a modern government, which has been universally considered to protect basic human rights?
④05-8-13
Crimes are a formidable social issue that confronts almost each and every modern civilization. Moreover, the reasons why some human individuals commit crimes are yet to be discovered, because how to prevent children from becoming criminals looms large.
⑤05-10-15
It is a fact that distinct dissimilarities in education and health conditions exist between rural and urban areas. These gaps, however, are not necessarily bridged by sending teachers or doctors to rural areas. This is because each individual has human rights and liberty in selecting job site. This essay thus attempt to offer insights into these issues.
⑥ 05-5-28
What is a sound relationship between the curricula (pl. for curriculum) in high education institute and job markets/employment? It has been traditionally held that high education should be isolated from/independed upon job markets. Although such a theory has not totally distaste (扭曲) or deformed (畸形) the whole picture. The interdependence between the two social elements must be emphasized.
否定：
①This argument goes against/to far facts and figures.
②This argument suffers formidable logic drawbacks/flows/fallacies in reasoning.
③Not only such a theory dubious in reasoning, but also it is misleading as far as…is concerned.
肯定：
④In fact the affirmative answer to this question is self-evident / well-supported / substantiated / championed.
⑤Much/Rich evidence in the course of human events lends/offers solid ground to this argument.
⑥
ⅢPoints 分析方法
(1)分类、外延
Examples: 06-8-12 The relationship between language and culture.
Language ①Listening & Speaking A1 ① Culture
②Reading & Writing A2 ②
③Switch (Translation) A3 ③
(2)Paragraph Fabric
①What
Topic sentence (1~2): ∥判断句:Y/N Pro(正)/Con(反)
Outline the main idea of the whole paragraph ⒕浞结构在正确的基础上求复杂
R出份论点
②Why(1~4)
≡因分析
⒔馐停ㄊ奔洹⒖占洹⒍ㄐ浴⒍量、下定义）
＞咛寤
ぴげ夂蠊（正/反）
ヂ劬荩ㄎ薹ǔ浞致壑な笔褂茫
a.试验、统计数据
Examples:
①statistics (pl.统计数据 statistic统计学) show that...
②a study/survey conducted/carried out by my university between 1997~20xx in my hometown shows that...
b.例子（生活中的本民族的或自己的例子）
Examples:
①my own/in person experience in New York during 1998~20xx serves as a typical/convening/telling and moving (晓之以理，动之以情) example/a case in point
②history is rich in evidence supporting these, for/take China as a case in point
υ因句型
a.单一原因表达
①This phenomenon has been traditionally contributed to the fact that/a assumption that…
②The main reason ,as universally accepted on the stage of/in the field of…,is that…
b.双原因的表达
①This is partly because…, and partly because…
②This is more because…than because…
③Two major reasons are frequently acknowledged. For one thing…, for another (, still another…)/on one hand…, on the other hand…
c.解释句型
①this means that…
②put it in other words…
③put it simply…
④that is to say…
④implied in this assertion (说法)/rhetoric/theory/argument/statement is that…
Examples:
①06-8-12
To be familiar with/to a culture and its life style is essential (indispensable/vital) to the learning of language that expresses such a culture, especially as far as listening and speaking skills are concerned. This is because listening and speaking whatever the contents, occur in a specific social setting (社会背景). But any social setting is subjected to (受…的.制约) the culture and life style. For instance, “thank you” symbolizes that in the western civilization, happiness, liberty and life is (看作不同事物时用are，看作一系列事物时用is) highly emphasized. By contrast, “妈的” clearly shows that the traditional Chinese culture is characterized by “unhappy” rank-and-the-file (老百姓).
②05-4-16
The evolution ofEnglishinto the global language has deeply reshaped the social and economic fabric/landscape. It is the language ofEnglishthat bridges the east and the west, ending long period icy “cold times”(冷战). Moreover (过渡词)Englishaccelerates/boosts the sustainable (可持续的) economic development in both developing and developed countries. In that (=because) it creates immense/massive job markets, helping a myriad (=a lot of) of those who would otherwise be unemployed. In addition, in terms of international relationship,Englishhas remarkably united isolated nations with striking different political ideas.
Ⅳ常见的Topics
(1)Governor
政府应该怎样花钱
Useful words:
①eradicate：根除
②eliminate：消除
(2)Environment
Useful words:
①environment=ecosystem=biota
②green house effect
③Ozone depletion：臭氧层消耗
④Water and soil erosion：水土流失
⑤irrigation：灌溉
⑥chemical fertilize, pesticide
⑦global warming
⑧glacier：冰川 sea level
⑨habited：栖息地 biodiversity：生物多样性
(3)Education
Useful words;
①scientific
②humanities
③pure art
(4)分析层面
①Physical health
②Psychological balance
③Career development survive
thrive
④Academic achievement
⑤Ethic & Moral, Aesthetic value
Example:
06-9-23
To be committed oneself to (投身于) the well-being of a community in which this very individual survives and thrives virtually benefits the development not only of the society as a whole, but, more vital of the specific person. Volunteer jobs build the physical health of young adults in that both out-door and in-door jobs demands more physical exercise thanclassroomlearning. In addition, such jobs construct/foster (培养) their moral and ethic values, and the aesthetic tastes as well. Why? It is easy to understand. Through doing unpaid jobs for the sack of others, young adults understand the quintessence （本质 quint：第五；essence：本质）of life: to give rather than to receive and get.
Furthermore, the positive impacts harvested from the young volunteers go far beyong the development of each volunteer on the community or society as a whole, they are brilliant, colorful, and significant. For one thing, volunteer jobs directly generate profits to the community, contributing to the economic development. Statistics indicate that my community, on average, gleans（收获）more than ~$ annually from volunteer jobs.
For another, volunteer jobs generally focus on environmental protection/campaign against environmental pollution.
To sum up/conclude/In conclusion, it is beneficial for young people, including juveniles and adolescences/puberty to do volunteer jobs. But, I cast a skeptical eye on (=suspect) the argument that all young people must do volunteer jobs, because it might be harmful to some individuals or families.
Ⅴ图表题
首段为信息段，说明研究的时间、地点、内容和对象。
Examples:
①06-1-14
This graph shows /gives the information that three stages involved in recycling of the Used Glass Bottles.
The first stage is rather simple. UGBs are put into rubbish cans, from which they can be moved/shipped by trucks to factories.
The second stage, however, seems to be somewhat complex/sophisticated in that it consists of several/numerous specific steps. To begin with, UGBs are washed by HPW. After this, they are classified according to color into 3 groups: G, B and C. Then each group UGBs are broken into tiny pieces which are melted/heated in the furnace. From the furnace comes liquid glass. Together with new liquid, this glass liquid is next moulded into new glass bottles. Here ends the second stag.
In the third stage, newly abreacted bottles are fulfilled with consumer goods. And they are packed and transported into supermarkets, where a new cycle begins.
Clearly, through these stages, UGBs have been well reused. However, how much glass can not be recycled is unavailable only on the basis of this graph.
②03-9-6
This picture reveals the differences/dissimilarities in…between CC and WC.
The main difference is in window design. In CC, the window is not set towards to the direction of the sun. But in WC, one room is equipped with 2 windows built two opposite aspects. During day time, windows are closed and covered. At night, however, they are open making ventilation possible so that the store heat can be removed.
Another difference is in roof style which CC cares for/demands HA roofs. WC roofs have over-hang pasts designed to form shade.
Still another difference is the materials. In CC, the interior walls are of thermos-building material. By contrast, the exterior walls are constructed with insulation: the roof uses heat-storage and heat-loss-reduction material. Nevertheless, roof in WC adopts/employees
external and internal insulation. Besides, reflection materials are utilized.
To sum (up)/To conclude, WC and CC are not the same in terms of house-design.
③03-9-20
Two possible sites for the supermarket are marked in the graph, which also indicates the potential pros and cons of each of the two: S1 and S2.
④剑3 P50
This bar chat illustrates the sum/the amount of money spent by each of the four countries in the each of the six kinds of consumer goods.
British eclipses/dwarfs/out number/out way/surpass the other three nations in terms of the amount of money understudy.
[⑴None out neighs Britain as far as the sum of money is concerned.
⑵Britain ranks next to none in terms of….]
Precisely, P.F. costs Britain about …, the maximum. PC by contrast, ranks…in the list of British spending.
In 1, 2 and 3, the money spent by France is lower than that by other countries. Similarly, German spends the least in 5 and 6. Put it in details…
篇3：托福作文
最新托福作文模板
TOEFL班的托福作文模板，100句常用句型按照托福作文结构组合而成。
作文文套一
A or B
Depending on personal experience, personality type and emotional concern, we find that some people hold the idea of A meanwhile others prefer to B, from my point of view, it is more advisable to chose A rather than B. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.
The main reason for my propensity for A is that___________________________.就理由进行解释_____________________.For instance,____________________
Another reason can be seen by every one is that____________________________.就理由进行解释___________________For example,____________________
The argument I support in the first paragraph is also in a position of advantage because_____________________________
Although I agree that there may be a couple of advantages of B, I feel that the disadvantages are more obvious. Such as________________.
In a word, ________________________________________________.So, it is sagacious to support the statement that it is better to A.
作文文套二
A or B
将原题复述___________________________________________When faced with the decision of A of B, quite a few would deem that______________________, but others, in contrast, believe A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point. Among countless factors which influence -A/-B, there are three conspicuous aspects as follows.
The main reason for my propensity fo _________is that___________________
The second reason can be seen by every person that________.
In addition, these reason are also usable when we consider that_________.
There are some disadvantages in____________________另一种观点的缺点__________.
In a word, _____________重复观点句并缩写理由__________________.Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusi
篇4：托福作文模版
托福作文模版
A or B
Depending on personal experience, personality type and emotional concern, we find that some people hold the idea of A meanwhile others prefer to B, from my point of view, it is more advisable to chose A rather than B. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.
The main reason for my propensity for A is that___________________________.就理由进行解释_____________________.For instance,____________________
Another reason can be seen by every one is that____________________________.就理由进行解释___________________For example,____________________
The argument I support in the first paragraph is also in a position of advantage because_____________________________
Although I agree that there may be a couple of advantages of B, I feel that the disadvantages are more obvious. Such as________________.
In a word, ________________________________________________.So, it is sagacious to support the statement that it is better to A.
作文文套二
A or B
将原题复述___________________________________________When faced with the decision of A of B, quite a few would deem that______________________, but others, in contrast, believe A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point. Among countless factors which influence -A/-B, there are three conspicuous aspects as follows.
The main reason for my propensity fo _________is that___________________
The second reason can be seen by every person that________.
In addition, these reason are also usable when we consider that_________.
There are some disadvantages in____________________另一种观点的缺点__________.
In a word, _____________重复观点句并缩写理由__________________.Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that___________.
作文文套三
单一命题式
The answer of this statement depends on your own experience and life style. In my point view, buying computers is as important as, if not more important than, buying books. So it is sagacious to ____________.Among countless factors which influence the choice, these are three conspicuous aspects as follows.
The main reason for my propensity for__________is that____________.
Another reason can be seen by every person is that________________.
Futhermore,______________.
In short,_________________复述前文中的理由______________.
作文文套四
agree or disagree
Some people argue as if it is a general truth that a _____________________________.But to be frank, I cannot agree with them. There are numerous reasons why I hold no confidence on them, and I would explore only a few primary ones here.
The main problem with this argument is that it is ignorant o the basic fact that______________解释本段中心___________.
Another reason why I disagree with the above statement is that I believe that______________.
What is more, some students are interested in____________.
In a word, ________________.
作文文套五
A or B
Some people prefer to A. others believe B. When faced with the decision of A or B, quite a few would claim that______________, but others, in contrast , deem A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point. There are numerous reasons why___________, and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here.
The main reason why I agree with the above statement, however, is that_____________________. Take___________as example, ______________.
There is another factor that deserves some words here. Such as ________________________.
Similarly, these reasons are also usable when we consider that______________.(exmaples:___________).
From the above you might got idea that I agree______________.(repeat the above three reason____________).So, it is sagacious to support the statement that it is better to _______________.
作文文套六
Agree or disagree
Some people prefer to A, others believe B, Nowadays some may hold the opinion that ________________, but others have a negative attitude. As far as I am concerned, I agree/disagree that_______________. MY arguments for this point are listed as follows.
One of the primary causes is that_______________________.
Examples_______________.
But there is a fruther more subtle point we must consider. Examples.
What is more_______________. Examples___________
General speaking, __________. Recongizing the fact that _______________should drive us to conclude that______________.
A or B
In my point of view, A is as important as, if not more important than B. So it is sagacious to choose A. Among count less factors which influence A. there are three conspicuous aspects as follows.
The above point is certainly true if A is considered. For exmaple,___________________
Another reason why I agree with the above statement is that I believe that A is better than B. For instance,_______________
It would probably not be too kindly disposed to the idea that B is not important . B________也好_________.
In a word, to choose A or B is something of a dilemma to the public because they sometimes are confused by the seemingly good qualities of B, and neglect hte genuinely good aspects of A. For the reasons presented above, I strongly commit to the notion that A, but not B.
作文文套八
A or B
When faced with the decision of A or B, quite a few would claim that A, but others, in contrast, deem B as the premier choice and that is also my point. This quite different view is based on the propensity of following points.
We may look into every possible reason, however, fore most reason for B is ____________________. For example, ______________.
Also, ________________________.
This is arbitray to judge B according only to the excuse I mentioned in the above paragraph.
Similarly, these reasons are also usable when we consider that________________.
Admittedly, __________________A也有好的'地方______________.By he same token, however, ______________B更好____________.Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that_____________.
作文文套九
A or B
When it comes to______________, Nevertheless, in my part, I prefer A rather than B as my inclination. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.
I agree with the statement that _________without reservation since___________.
Naturally___________.It can be given a concrete example__________.
A more essential factor why I advocate the argument of __________is that. Obviously ________________.Take the case of a thing that____________.
Futhermore, what is worth noticing fact is that ________________. This demonstrates the undeniable fact that__________________.
Of course, choosing B also has advantages to some extent,_______________此处论述B的1-2优点___________.But if all these factors are contemplated, the advantages of A carry more weight than those of B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that_____________.
作文文套十
____________改写并复述题目____________. There may be by one or two disadvantages to ___________________; however, I believe that there are far more advantages. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.
First of all, perhaps one disadvantages to____________is that______________.For instance, __________________. Another drawback to _____________involves the possibility that____________. For example, ____________.
Even though there may be one or two disadvantages to____________, the advantages far outweigh them. The main reason for my propensity for __________is that _________. For exmaple_____________.
Another reason for my inclination for _____________ is that _________________. For example, _________________.
In a word, in spite of the fact that there may be a couple of disadvantages to _____________, I feel that the advantages are more obvious___________
篇5：托福习语
托福100条必备习语
1. a beach personM: Jennifer is going to the shore again this weekend.
W: Well, she’s always been a beach person.
a person who likes to go to the beach
2. a bunch of
A bunch of us are getting together to go to the basketball game on Saturday afternoon.
a group of
3. abound in
New Jercy abounds in colonial architecture, battlefields of the revolution, and other historical sites important in the early history.
be rich in
4. adhere to
We will adhere to our plan.
carry out a plan or an operation without deviation:
5. a host of
A host of terms came into use.
a group of
6. a household word
Pearl S. Buck was almost a household word throughout much of her lifetime.
A widely known saying, name, person, or thing
7. a large amount of jjj
a large quantity of
Using many symbols makes it possible to put a large amount of information on a single map.
8. a needle in a haystack
something impossible to do（大海捞针）
W: We are supposed to meet John here at the train station.
M: That’s like looking for a needle in a haystack（干草堆）.
9. a nest egg
A sum of money put by as a reserve
Today the simple piggy bank is seen everywhere as the symbol of saving and frugality, for putting away funds for a rainy day, or building a nest egg (money saved for emergencies) for life’s sudden money needs.
10. a rainy day jjj
A time of need or trouble
they put away funds for a rainy day, or building a nest egg (money saved for emergencies) for life’s sudden money needs.
11. a range of 广泛的
She created a range of广泛的 sculptures in different styles in the 1940’s.
12. a rare treat
M: This casserole砂锅菜 really tastes good. I guess that’s because the vegetables in it are fresh instead of canned.
M: I know. Kind of a rare treat in this cafeteria.
13. a rule of thumb
A useful principle having wide application but not intended to be strictly accurate or reliable in every situation.
This basic chemical knowledge, which was applied in most cases as a rule of thumb, was nevertheless dependent on previous experiment.
14. a scorcher
a hot day
Hew! It’s a real scorcher today.
15. a selection of
The jewelry store doesn’t have a good selection of watches.
16. a series of
Reversals of the field give rise to a series of magnetic stripes条纹地带 running parallel to the axis轴 of the rift裂口.
A number of objects or events arranged or coming one after the other in succession.
17. a suite of
Their fossilization required a suite (套) of factors.
18. a torrent of
大量的
They brought a torrent of criticism on the experimenter.
19. a trace of
一丝
Scientists believe that when the oceans were young they contained only a trace of salt and their level of salinity含盐量has been growing gradually.
篇6：托福写作
托福写作中，哪些语法错误你绝对不能犯?!
“我突然想起来，上次作文考试，有个地方犯了语法错误，怎么办?!”
急啥?考官在给分时，对于“失误”是具有一定容忍度的。如果只出现了一两个细小的问题，并且它没有离谱到让人读不懂你想表达什么，就几乎没啥影响。
那这是否意味着语法在写作中就无足轻重了?Of course not.
一方面，评分机器e-rater(Electronic Essay Rater)毫无疑问会关注“语法”这一维度(具体还会细分mechanics, usage, grammar, style四个方面)。大到句子不完整，小到句首字母没大写，所有这些问题都会被电子评分机器(电子鸡)记录在案。
另一方面，读者/考官看到一篇语法问题众多的文章也会浑身不适，从而打出不太友好的分数。
so……今天就来跟大家细数几个，每每批改作文时我总会见到的语法问题。希望看完这篇文章的你，出于关爱作者的慈悲之心，以后不要再犯这些错误啦!
p.s. 本篇提及的是宏观意义上的语法，grammar, mechanics, usage, style四个维度的问题都归到本篇所指的“语法错误”概念之下。
下面将着重从4个角度为大家讲解!
句子不完整
逗号错用
on the other hand=besides?
就是整不明白lack的用法
No.1 句子不完整
由于口语中往往容易出现省略，因此很多同学在写作中也斗胆偷工减料。比如以下对话：
- What's the matter? Why is he looking so sad?
他咋的了?为啥看上去这么难过?
- Cuz (Because) he's suffering from the post-vocation blues.
因为他患上了节后抑郁症。
这句答语放在口语对话环境中OK，但是在书面语里就是错的!具体来说，此类问题属于Fragments类型错误，是写作中最为典型的语法错误之一。为了更正这一点，大家需要谨记：
连词的作用在于连接句内信息
一个连词连接两个东西(可以是两个动词/名词(短语)/句子)
基于此，回到上面的：
病句：Because he's suffering from the post-vacation blues.
这里有一个连词(because)，一个句子(主谓宾结构)，显然少成分。
正确表述应该是：
He looks so sad because he's suffering from the post-vacation blues.
此时整句话里有一个连词，两个句子(主系表+主谓宾结构)，搞定!
既然是连接句内信息，是不是连词只能位于句子中间才正确?并不!上面这句话我们颠倒一下顺序也正确：
Because he's suffering from the post-vacation blues, he looks so sad
不过，现代英语在这个规则上的要求相比以往松弛了不少，出现了三个特殊分子：and, but, so。虽然他们三个也是连词，但是如今确实存在“And/But/So +1个主谓宾”的情况。例如：
But campus leaders and many community donors had a bigger vision.
但是园区领导和捐赠者有一个更大的宏图。
语言随着时间的推进而发生变化，这很正常。而大家作为考生，需要注意3点：
只有and, but, so这三个词可以这样特殊使用
这样的用法毕竟严格意义上来讲还是错误的，不要使用过多
在e-rater的评分细则中，连词位于句首的句子出现过多也会被相应扣分
Style-Too many Sentences Beginning with Conjunctions
No.2 逗号错用
由于在口语中，逗号和句号都体现为短暂的停顿，所以使得许多同学无法区分二者的不同，并且在写作中疯狂使用逗号，从而出现传说中的run-on sentences(连写句)。举个例子：
I can't wait to pick up my girlfriend, I miss her so much.
我等不及了要去接女朋友，我好想她嗷。
所谓run-on sentences(连写句)，就是指用逗号来连接众多主谓宾/主系表结构，从而使得你的句子好似脱缰的野马，跑得没有尽头。那么为何这种句子在写作中是错的?
因为英文中一句话里只有一个主谓宾结构。如果想要出现多个，那么可以用连词连接(上一条刚讲过)，而不能用逗号。不然的话，就用句号将其决然断开成几个单独的句子。
因此，上面的句子可以改为——
I can't wait to pick up my girlfriend. I miss her so much.
I can't wait to pick up my girlfriend, and I miss her so much.
这种由于逗号乱用而导致的run-on sentences尤其容易出现在例证部分、想要在行文中增添细节的时候。所以大家这个时候除了关注内容本身，语法方面也不要松懈。比如下面这句也是个典型的run-on sentence：
Liu Xiang is a famous running athlete, who comes from an average family, his mother is a baker and his father is a driver, he cannot afford the expensive fee for professional train.
01 基本版：
Liu Xiang is a famous hurdler. He comes from an average family. His mother is a baker and his father is a driver. He could not afford the expensive training fee on his own.
2 高阶版本：
Born in a working-class family whose mother is a baker and father a driver, Liu Xiang, the famous hurdler, could not afford the expensive training fee on his own.
No.3 on the other hand=besides?
在展开段落时，为了让内容更加充实，聪明的选手们往往从多个角度解释论证。鉴于中文里的“另一方面”和“除此之外”似乎差不多，很多同学将on the other hand看作是besides, in addition一类词的替代品，然而他们的英文含义其实并不一样。
从上面柯林斯词典中的解释可以看出，on the other hand是用来引出一个与前者差异极大的/相反的观点/角度。比如：
He is a good guy; his brother, on the other hand, is a very selfish man.
他是个好人，而另一方面，他弟弟自私得要命。
换句话说，如果你提及的两个角度并非截然相反，那么不适合使用on the other hand。
因此，如果你论证时并没打算进行对比比较，那么需要提及其他角度时，就老老实实用besides/furthermore/moreover/additionally 等表示“此外”的词就好。
优秀例句练习，考虑空白处适合填什么连接词：
Juju老师声音也太温柔了吧; _____________, Juju老师批改好细致啊。
答案： in addition/moreover/besides
No.4 就是整不明白lack的用法
由于lack兼具动词和名词词性，加上它的形容词形式和动名词长得一样(lacking)，导致好多选手使用起来总是出错。接下来我们就按照词性来一一说明。
lack作动词：及物动词。“缺少”什么，就直接将该事物跟在lack后面作宾语。比如：
You just lack a little confidence.
你只是少点儿自信。
如果以非谓语形式出现，也是后面直接跟宾语，没有其他介词出现：
Lacking a little confidence, he refused to participate this year’s talent contest.
由于缺少一点儿自信，他拒绝参加今年的才艺比赛。
lack作名词：a/the lack of sth. 表示“...的缺失”。比如：
Sometimes Joey's parents are angry at his lack of confidence.
有时候Joey的父母会对他缺少自信这点感到很生气。
先把上面这俩记好之后，再看lack的派生词：形容词lacking，常见搭配为lacking in sth. 比如:
Joey feels nervous and is increasingly lacking in confidence about himself.Joey
有些紧张，并且对自己越来越没信心。
上述内容记准确之后，就会发现：一定不会出现lacking of, lack in的情况!但是lacking后面有无in都有可能。脑壳别晕，先从词性入手，再结合搭配来记!
以上
Reference:
Ramineni, C., Trapani, C. S., Williamson, D. M. W., David, T., & Bridgeman, B. (2012). Evaluation of the e-rater? scoring engine for the TOEFL? independent and integrated prompts (ETS Research Report No. RR-12-06). Princeton, NJ: ETS.
3月30日托福听力考试真题及答案
Conversation
1. 一个男生去问老师project的主题，他修了两门，想用一篇文章。他的电脑编程能力很强，还卖钱了，最后老师同意了。
2. 女生错过音乐会的班车，因为去错误的地方等车。
3. 有关音乐，男生爸爸妈妈都是学音乐的，妈妈跟他说了件事，教授是认同的。
4. 学生问自己没有收到邮件是不是没被在canteen的暑假工作录取(这时候老师赶着回家避免晚高峰所以很急(后面有问老师刚开始的态度) 然后提出能不能换一种工作方式? 老师说那这样别的正式录取的人会怎么想呢 最后建议他外面找工作 可以列一个可以去申请的list申请可以写她的名字。
5. 女孩想卖她的作品，但是学校的贩卖不对学生开放，之后professor建议2种方式：
(1)是寄卖还是什么那个缺点是有手续费什么的，得到的钱太少，必须出高价;
(2)是到市场上，问题是太远，解决方案professor说是有学校bus在那，而且可以获得全部的钱。
6. 女生选了建筑专业，因为一个老师讲的很好，讨论一个她发现的特别的建筑，类似于装配式建筑，好处很多：1省钱，省空间;2对于投资者来说减少交税;3 air beam的作用，提到floating building。可以用到自己的prioject里面。
7. 女生选的夏季课不上了，以为会自动退费，结果没有，于是去找工作人员。然后女生又说想要找个兼职，想做assistant，但工作人员已经满了，结束工作在那可以提供的只有ssa，女生觉得太低级，不愿意做。
Lecture
1. 天文课，关于Vesta.
2. 有关简奥斯汀，他没有傲慢与偏见的作者出名，因为她翻印了两版，给了四次钱，但是她一生都没有靠书挣钱。
3. 有关婴儿辩色和认大小的，用婴儿的目光停留在事物上的时间判断他们是否有辨别的能力。当然，婴儿的学习是没有目的性的，不像成人。
4. 有关气候。
5. 讲到ITCZ的移动和Titan，讲了水循环就是液化然后形成气体再降雨。一个证据是卫星发现了有黑的spot，而且消失的速度和云消失的速度差不多。第二是ITCZ的位移。重复10月31日
6. 生物节律。
7. 迪士尼早期电影艺术。
203月30日托福阅读考试真题及答案
上月底的托福考试，受到了留学生的一致关注，那么真题和答案究竟是怎样的呢?下面就跟着出国留学网一起来看看2019年3月30日托福阅读考试真题及答案。
1.自然选择环境因素对蛾子的影响。 一种白蛾子一种黑色蛾子。开始白蛾子活的好，黑蛾子不好，因为会被发现。之后，工业革命了，树干都黑，于是白蛾子都要死翘翘了;但是之后开始治理环境了， 白蛾子又多了，黑蛾子又少了。并且这次的影响很大。
2.讲猫的嗅觉
3.煤和英国的工业化
4.昆虫的分工
5.商周的青铜器
6.几种植物生长方式，年度周期植物，常绿植物，落叶植物，针叶植物。
7.磁性虫子的分工，从保姆到Forger的转变，因为受到体内某种激素影响，这激素会因为周槽环境多了更多成熟的已经完成转变的虫子的影响。
8.关于一个地方的文明发源
9.动物对飞行的感应
10.鱼怎么呼吸，用gill 和bubble
推荐阅读：
托福考试报名基本要求
如何提高托福综合口语能力
如何快速记忆托福重点词
篇7：托福写作
托福独立写作题目：It is easier to become educated today than it was in the past.相比过去，人们现在更容易接受教育?
思路讲解：
今昔对比类的老题，思路总体不难展开，按照上课讲的理由作答即可。
选择同意，即现在受教育比过去容易
1.现代社会，接收知识和信息的方式增多，这可以给各类人群提供受教育的机会：网络课程(在职人士、异地学生等);各类培训班(出国考试、考研、CPA等)而在过去，适龄学生基本只能在学校受教育。
2. 政策扶持: 如中国让出生在贫困线(家庭年收入2300元)及以下家庭的孩子免费接受教育等。
托福写作模板思路分享—政府开发公共用地
托福独立写作题目：镇政府要投资开发公共用地，有两个选择： 1. 为所有民众建造公共花园 2. 为还没有体育场的高中修建体育场
思路讲解：
如选择为全民建造公共花园，可以这样展开：
1.花园对环境保护以及全民健康大有裨益。如现在空气污染严重，雾霾频发，空气污浊，气味刺鼻(pungent)，导致许多人患上呼吸系统疾病。建造公共花园可以极大地帮助缓解这些问题，因为花草普遍可以进行光合作用，可帮助净化空气。后面举例说明即可。
2. 虽然学生在运动场上运动也有好处，如放松减压等，但也有其他途径也可以帮助实现这个目标，如在健身房运动、与朋友聊天等。
如果选择为没有体育场的高中建造体育场，可以这样构思：
1. 有利于高中生放松减压。高中生普遍学业压力很大，不仅每天要上多门课，还要完成各种作业。如果能在运动场上做运动，就可以暂时摆脱学业的压力与烦恼，心情也会变好。运动完毕再回归学习时，也能感觉更神清气爽有效率。在花园赏花固然也能让人放松以及平静心绪，但是在运动的过程中，身体各部位得以锻炼，也会汗流浃背，这会让人感到更畅快。
2. 在运动场运动可以培养团队合作意识，增进友谊。可以拿足球篮球等团队运动举例。
托福写作模板思路分享之保持身体健康
托福独立写作题目：Agree or disagree: it is easier for people to maintain good health today than it was in the past.
是否同意：相比过去，人们更容易保持身体健康。
思路讲解：
一道老生常谈的今昔对比型考题。今昔对比题是每年必考题型，这道题更是在过往的几年于中国大陆和北美至少考过三次，重要性和经典程度不言而喻。
如果选择同意，即人们现在维持好的健康状况比过去更容易，可以这样展开构思：
1.医疗技术的进步可以预防及治愈在过去或许会致命的(fatal)疾病。可以拿手术、HPV疫苗等举例。
2. 现代人饮食更全面均衡，这对健康有利。过去人能够吃到的食物种类较少，甚至在灾害发生的年份，只能吃到草根树皮等;而现代人能够接触到各种食材，包括蔬菜、瓜果，鸡蛋和谷物等，营养摄入更充分。
如果选择不同意，也就是人们在过去比现在更易维持健康，可以考虑现代社会存在哪些不利健康的因素，如空气污染，繁重的生活工作压力等。
托福写作模板思路分享之培养大一学生的学习习惯
托福独立写作题目：许多大一学生有不好的学习习惯。有人认为大学应该给所有大一新生提供一门必修课，帮助他们培养好的学习习惯，其他人认为不必要。
思路讲解：
这道题选择同意更好写：
1.此类课程可以帮助学生提高学习效率。大一学生刚进入大学，对于大学学习不能完全适应，所以可能无法合理安排学习时间及学习任务，很多学生甚至总拖到截止期快要到来的时刻才开始拼命赶作业。如果大学在这方面给新生指导，他们就更能有条不紊地安排学习，提高效率，甚至还能匀出时间做其他有助于自我提升的事情，如参加研讨会等。
2. 大学这样做能够帮助大一新生增强学习自主性，从而取得良好成绩。大一学生的学习习惯往往源自高中，而高中的学习方式与大学大相径庭，如果大学新生把高中的方法用在学习大学课程上可能没有好的效果，甚至适得其反。例如拿自己国家的情况举例。很多高中生学习缺乏自主性，总是被动等待，老师教的就是学生学的，学生不会自己多学。老师也常在课上讲作业题。而在大学，老师讲课普遍粗放，如果自己不积极主动学习更多，那么很有可能是无法取得好成绩的。比如很多大学老师的一节课能覆盖一本厚书中至少一半的内容，或讲的内容与教材无关，课下为了完成作业，就必须花大量时间自学及研读各种文献等。作业中的问题也要主动询问老师，因为老师上课往往不讲作业，自己不问就得不到解决。正是因为有如此高的自主性要求，很多大一学生刚开始并不能适应，导致成绩达不到自我期待。
托福写作模板思路分享之“分享给孩子的价值
托福独立写作题目：Which one of the following values do you think is the most important to share with a young child (aged 5-10)? Being helpful; being honest; being well-organized
以下哪一项价值你认为分享给5-10岁的孩子最为重要：助人，城市，有条理
思路讲解：
这道独立考题认真做过准备的宝宝们会发现，在近几年的北美和中国大陆考试中已轮番出现数次。此题选择哪种value都可以，能给出合理的理由和例证即可。
比如选择最后一项，有组织有条理：
第一段：组织条理需要在孩子小时候各方面还未定型之际培养，以帮助孩子养成良好的习惯，有助于未来发展。举例说明即可，比如从小让孩子自己整理各种东西，安排每天需要做的事情等，孩子就会学会有条不紊地安排自己每日的学习和生活，即便将来长大面对繁重的课业和工作压力时，也能沉着应对，有助于提高效率，把事情做得更好。
第二段：乐于助人的品质固然很好，但是这项品质的养成不一定通过刻意分享，而更多的在于周边人的做法，如果孩子周围的人都乐于助人，那么孩子处在这样的环境里也自然会耳濡目染，受到影响，变得愿意帮助别人。
第三段：诚实同样代表此人可靠人品好，但是人不可能在何时何地都诚实，不论孩子还是成人，都会在某些特定情况下选择说非恶意的谎言。此处可以举例说明。
如果选择诚实，可以论述诚实的重要性，如诚实代表此人可靠人品好，这样的人会容易获得他人的信任，有助于自身发展。不选有组织有条理的原因是因为这样会一定程度上限制创造力，有研究佐证。
篇8：托福写作
一、阅读：寻找核心句和关键词，切忌word by word。
英美人写文章的总体逻辑可以概括为总分或总分总。而托福综合写作的阅读材料多为前者布局，且多为四段式(首段总起，三段分别展开)。
首段主要用来提供背景信息或者提出话题，(注意：阅读和听力是同一个话题，极少考到观点相互补，多为观点相对立。)而作者的立场或论点多位于首段的最后一句，聪明的考生会把注意力多集中于首段的尾句，确定作者的立论点，从而对于下一阶段的听力大致话题和论述做到心中有底。
随后的段落即展开给出作者之所以立论的三个分论点或论据，在单个的段落当中，又遵循了西方人惯有的总分模式，单个段落的首句多为topic sentence，考生可以只关注三个段落的首句以快速获取段落主要内容，从而避免全文通读速度不够而导致的来不及看完阅读。
二、听力：判断说话人立场，记录观点和支持性论据
听力环节的笔记很重要，是决定综合写作能否顺利完成的关键因素。没有经过训练或者疏于练习的同学会对于该记什么无从下手，结果就是笔记做了，自己看不懂，或者笔记太过凌乱，毫无可利用性。
要知道听力该记什么怎么记，此时应当牢记心里的仍然是西方人的逻辑性。“总分”表明了在听力的开始段是表明说话者立场和论点的，那么按照我们之前分析的，阅读和听力必然是同主题，所以听力开始时候大家不必忙着乱记一通，事实上，什么都不用写，镇定情绪，听清说话者的立场即可。
接着，和阅读中相似，说话者会从三个方面阐述支持自己的观点，很多情况下，这三点和阅读中的三点是刚好契合，一一对应的。但听力三方面的分论据往往是从阅读中无法推断的，所以分论点及论据是需要同学进行笔记的，应当记的是key words，切忌洋洋洒洒想记全一句话，最后自己也难以读懂。
三、想办法提高自己的记忆容量。
各位考生不妨观察一下自己抄写英文句子的情况。大多数未经训练的第二语言学习者很可能都是每写下一个词就要回去重新读一次才能继续抄下去——有的时候甚至可能需要每写一个字母就要返回文本重看一眼才能继续。这说明此人的记忆容量只能容纳一个词(或者甚至连一个词都容纳不了)。
记忆容量大的人理解文本更为容易，又因为能够理解所以记忆文本更加容易，进而又因为能够记得住而联系上下文更为轻松，而记忆容量过小的人基本上连看完一篇文章都非常吃力。
不过，只要稍加训练，记忆容量就会扩充至足够用的地步。迅速将自己的英文记忆容量提高到“够用”的地步，最好的方法就是通过“跟读”、“朗读”训练平日积累。因为朗读可以非常有效而又迅速地提高文字理解能力。这很关键，记不住的最重要原因并非“记忆力差”——无论记忆力多好，都很难记住无法理解、无法关联 的信息——听得懂才容易记得住。
四、是大家比较关心的模板问题。
综合写作中，要将阅读和听力观点整合起来时，如果在准备阶段备有一套好用的模板，那么就是如虎添翼了。建议考生应当备有自己独一无二的模板，通过对同义换词，句型多变，做到集多个好模板于一身，又毫无雷同的独家模板。
篇9：托福英语
flinch
美 [flɪntʃ] 英 [flɪntʃ]
n. 退缩
v. 畏缩;(突然)退缩
fling
美 [flɪŋ] 英 [flɪŋ]
v. 抛;猛动(身体或身体部位);粗暴地(向某人)说
n. 一阵尽情欢乐;一时的放纵;短暂的风流韵事
flip
美 [flɪp] 英 [flɪp]
n. 浏览;空翻;轻抛;捻掷
v. 迅速翻动;按(开关);按(按钮);开(或关)(机器等)
adj. 〈美俚〉= flippant
flippant
美 ['flɪpənt] 英 ['flɪpənt]
adj. 轻率的
flirt
美 [flɜrt] 英 [flɜː(r)t]
n. 与多人调情的人
v. 调情
float
美 [floʊt] 英 [fləʊt]
v. 浮;浮动;漂浮;漂流
n. 浮子;彩车;鱼漂;(学游泳用的)浮板
flock
美 [flɑk] 英 [flɒk]
v. 聚集;群集;蜂拥
n. (羊或鸟)群;(尤指同类人的)一大群
flog
美 [flɑɡ] 英 [flɒɡ]
v. 鞭笞;出售(某物给某人)
flop
美 [flɑp] 英 [flɒp]
v. 沉重地躺下;移动;砸锅;完全失败
adv. 噗地一声
n. 不成功
florid
美 ['flɔrɪd] 英 ['flɒrɪd]
adj. 红润的;过分装饰的;过多修饰的
flounder
美 ['flaʊndər] 英 ['flaʊndə(r)]
n. 比目鱼;偏口鱼
v. 不知所措;挠头;支吾;困难重重
flour sack
网络. 面粉袋;面粉袋纸;面口袋
flourish
美 ['flɜrɪʃ] 英 ['flʌrɪʃ]
v. 繁荣;兴旺;昌盛;茁壮成长
n. (为引起注意的)夸张动作;给人深刻印象的行动;令人难忘的方式;修饰
flout
美 [flaʊt] 英 [flaʊt]
n. 嘲笑;表示轻蔑的言行
v. 无视(法律等)
fluffy
美 ['flʌfi] 英 ['flʌfi]
adj. 绒毛般的;覆有绒毛的;松软的;轻软状的
flush
美 [flʌʃ] 英 [flʌʃ]
v. 冲洗;脸红;发红;冲(抽水马桶)
n. 脸红;潮红;一阵强烈情感;(流露出的)一阵激情
adj. 富有;完全齐平
adv. 齐平地;直接地
fluster
美 ['flʌstər] 英 ['flʌstə(r)]
n. 慌张;慌乱
v. 使忙乱;使慌乱;使紧张
flutter
美 ['flʌtər] 英 ['flʌtə(r)]
n. 扑动;颤动;飘动;振动
v. 颤动;(鸟或昆虫)拍(翅);飞来飞去;翩翩飞舞
foam
美 [foʊm] 英 [fəʊm]
n. 泡沫;泡沫橡胶;海绵橡胶;泡沫剂(用于洗涤、剃须、灭火等)
v. 有泡沫;起泡沫
focus on
v. 聚焦于;集中于
foe
美 [foʊ] 英 [fəʊ]
n. 敌人;仇敌
foil
美 [fɔɪl] 英 [fɔɪl]
n. 箔;【船】(船艇的)水翼;陪衬物;【体】花剑
v. 衬托;阻止;挫败;【猎】搅乱
foist
美 [fɔɪst] 英 [fɔɪst]
v. 私自增加 (into;in);偷偷安插(人);骗卖(假货等)
n. 中国佛教徒
foliage
美 ['foʊliɪdʒ] 英 ['fəʊliɪdʒ]
n. (植物的)叶;枝叶
follow close to the line of
网络. 严格遵守
follow suit
na. 【牌】跟出同花色的牌;学样
folly
美 ['fɑli] 英 ['fɒli]
n. 愚蠢;愚笨;愚蠢的想法(或事情、行为)
foment
美 [foʊ'ment] 英 [fəʊ'ment]
v. 激起
fondle
美 ['fɑnd(ə)l] 英 ['fɒnd(ə)l]
v. (尤指示爱或两性间)爱抚
food processing
n. 食品加工
foolhardy
美 ['ful.hɑrdi] 英 ['fuːl.hɑː(r)di]
adj. 莽撞的;有勇无谋的
foolproof
美 ['ful.pruf] 英 ['fuːl.pruːf]
adj. 使用简便的;完全可靠的;万无一失的
for a time
na. 暂时
for the most part
na. 在极大程度上;就绝大部分而言;多半;基本上
for the time
网络. 在当时;发表日;更新
forage
英 ['fɒrɪdʒ]
n. 牧草;饲料;粮秣;粮秣的搜索[征发]
v. 搜索[征发]粮秣;给(马)吃草料;〔古语〕蹂躏;抢劫
glamor
n. 〈美〉同“glamour”;魔法;魔力;魄力
v. 迷住
glamorous
美 ['ɡlæm(ə)rəs] 英 ['ɡlæmərəs]
adj. 特别富有魅力的;富于刺激的;独特的
glance
美 [ɡlæns] 英 [ɡlɑːns]
v. 浏览;扫视;瞥一眼;匆匆一看
n. 一瞥;扫视;匆匆一看
glare
美 [ɡler] 英 [ɡleə(r)]
v. 怒目而视;发出刺眼的光
n. 刺眼的光;瞪眼
adj. 光滑的
glaring
美 ['ɡlerɪŋ] 英 ['ɡleərɪŋ]
adj. 显眼的;明显的;易见的;刺眼的
v. “glare”的现在分词
gleam
美 [ɡlim] 英 [ɡliːm]
v. 闪烁;发微光;隐约闪光;显得光洁明亮
n. 闪现;一线;微光(常指反光);少量
glean
美 [ɡlin] 英 [ɡliːn]
v. 四处搜集(信息、知识等)
gleeful
美 ['ɡlif(ə)l] 英 ['ɡliːf(ə)l]
adj. 欢喜的;高兴的;幸灾乐祸的
glib
美 [ɡlɪb] 英 [ɡlɪb]
adj. 油腔滑调的;不诚恳的;未经思考的;肤浅的
gloat
美 [ɡloʊt] 英 [ɡləʊt]
v. 幸灾乐祸;沾沾自喜;扬扬得意
n. 沾沾自喜;得意的注视;爱慕的凝视;垂涎
gloom
美 [ɡlum] 英 [ɡluːm]
n. 黑暗;忧郁;幽暗;昏暗
v. 变黑暗;变忧郁;现愁容;使朦胧
gloomy
美 ['ɡlumi] 英 ['ɡluːmi]
adj. 黑暗的;阴暗的;幽暗的;忧郁的
glossy
美 ['ɡlɔsi] 英 ['ɡlɒsi]
adj. 光滑的;光彩夺目的;有光泽的;浮华的
n. 用亮光纸印刷的杂志
glue
美 [ɡlu] 英 [ɡluː]
n. 胶;胶水
v. 粘贴
glum
美 [ɡlʌm] 英 [ɡlʌm]
adj. 忧郁的;死气沉沉的;闷闷不乐的
glut
美 [ɡlʌt] 英 [ɡlʌt]
n. 供应过剩;供过于求
v. 超量供应;充斥
gnaw
美 [nɔ] 英 [nɔː]
v. 啃;咬;啮
go about
na. 走来走去;着手(工作);(谣言等)流传;【航】掉转船头
go back as far as
网络. 追溯到
go back to
v. 追溯到
go off
na. 进行得 (well;badly);(话等)冒出
goad
美 [ɡoʊd] 英 [ɡəʊd]
n. 激励;(赶牛等牲畜用的)尖头棒
v. (不断地)招惹
gold rush
n. 淘金热
gold-headed cane
网络. 金手杖
gorge
美 [ɡɔrdʒ] 英 [ɡɔː(r)dʒ]
n. 峡谷
v. 贪婪地吃;狼吞虎咽
gorgeous
美 [ˈɡɔː(r)dʒəs]
adj. 漂亮的;艳丽的;美丽动人的;光彩夺目的
gossip
美 [ˈɡɒsip]
n. 八卦;八卦新闻;爱闲聊的人
v. 八卦
governing class
网络. 统治阶级;统治阶层;治理阶级
gown
美 [ɡaʊn] 英 [ɡaʊn]
n. 女长服;长外衣;外罩
v. 着大学礼服
grand
美 [ɡrænd] 英 [ɡrænd]
adj. 壮丽的;堂皇的;重大的;(用于大建筑物等的名称)大
n. 1 000 元;1 000 英镑
grandiose
美 ['ɡrændi.oʊs] 英 ['ɡrændiəʊs]
adj. 华而不实的;浮夸的;不切实际的
grapple
美 ['ɡræp(ə)l] 英 ['ɡræp(ə)l]
n. 格斗;紧握;抓机;同“grapnel”
v. 扭打;搏斗;努力设法解决
grass plains
网络. 长满草的平原
gratification
美 [ˌgrætɪfɪ'keɪʃn] 英 [ˌgrætɪfɪ'keɪʃn]
n. 满足;满意;快感;令人喜悦的事物
gratuitous
美 [ɡrə'tuɪtəs] 英 [ɡrə'tjuːɪtəs]
adj. 无正当理由(或目的)的;无谓的
gravel
美 ['ɡræv(ə)l] 英 ['ɡræv(ə)l]
n. 砾石;沙砾;石子
v. 铺石子(在路上);使着慌;(因砂粒嵌入蹄内)使(马)跛足
graze
美 [ɡreɪz] 英 [ɡreɪz]
v. 放牧;擦伤;(在草地上)吃青草;放牛
n. (表皮)擦伤
篇10：托福分析
11月13日托福独立写作范文：
In a society that changes as amazingly as ours, the role played by government in our daily life has been brought under the spotlight of mass media. Consequently, the general public and sociologists are wondering whether people can solve important problems individually or with the governmental support. Towards such a long running tug-of-war, I am inclined to claim that the help from government is necessary in the process of resolving important problems, especially in the aspects of protecting environment and addressing the disparity of educational resources.
In the first instance, consider the environmental issues. As is common sense, the deteriorating natural environment is so severe and complicated that the solution of such a problem is far beyond the reach of any individuals or families. The serious air pollution in China is a good case in point. Despite the fact that people can take some actions such as wearing masks or taking the public transportation to relieve the haze occurring frequently in the major cities of China in some degree, the problem cannot be radically solved. To illustrate, the major cause responsible for the smoggy weather is nothing but the emission of waste gas such as dust and smog from an appalling number of heavy-pollution factories. In this case, it is the government that can get rid of the fundamental cause by shutting down these plants and enacting laws or regulations to restrict their production, which can’t be achieved by any individuals.
In the second instance, the same logic goes to the educational problems. As is known to all, many school-age children in rural and remote areas are not able to receive education in school due to the lack of educational resources. According to a survey conducted by the Education Ministry in China in 2015, approximately 3 million kids in the Southwest of China didn’t have the chance to get educated on account of lacking in tables, textbooks and even spacious classrooms. When confronted with the issue mentioned above, what individuals or families can do is quite limited. Undoubtedly, only the government has the adequate financial resources and power to allocate educational resources to those places. For example, the government of China builds nearly 10,000 primary schools called Hope School in the distant places, which alleviates the disparity in educational resources between different regions to a large extent.
Judging from what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that although the ability of individual or families is becoming stronger and greater than before, the help from government is of great necessity in the course of solving significant problems, especially those in the areas of education and environment.
托福范文分析：独立学习还是小组学习好
Some people like to study alone while other prefer to study in a group. Which one do you think is more effective?
托福写作模板及参考答案：
篇11：托福阅读
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A)A tool to assist in making complex decisions.
(B)A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions
(C) Research on how people make decisions
(D) Differences between long-range and short-range decision making
2. The word “essential” in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) introductory
(B) changeable
(C) beneficial
(D) fundamental
3. The word “pertinent” in line 9 is closest in meaning to
(A) relevant
(B) preceding
(C) insightful
(D) responsive
4. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?
(A) Listing the consequences of each solution
(B) Calculating a numerical summary of each solution
(C) Deciding which consequences are most important
(D) Writing down all possible solutions
5.According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that
(A) has the fewest variables to consider
(B) uses the most decision worksheets
(C) has the most points assigned to it
(D) is agreed to by the greatest number of people
6. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of
(A) describing a process
(B) classifying types of worksheets
(C) providing historical background
(D) explaining a theory
7. The author states that “On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once
(lines 17-18) to explain that
(A) most decisions involve seven steps
(B) human mental capacity has limitations
(C) some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions
(D) people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice
8. The word ”succinct “in line 24 is closest in meaning to
(A) creative
(B) satisfactory
(C) personal
(D) concise
9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?
(A) Proponents (line 5)
(B) Optimal (line 5)
(C) Variables (line 17)
(D) Long-range goals (line 25)
10. The word ”it“ in line 24 refers to
(A) worksheet
(B) problem
(C) distinction
(D) decision
11. The word ”revise“ in line 26 is closest in meaning to
(A) ask
(B) explain
(C) change
(D) predict
篇12：托福阅读
ADADCABDBB C
托福阅读之心理学知识
1.认知
在托福听力中认知类文章首先会提出一种现象，然后分析这种现象产生的原因。一般情况下通过举例子等方法进行分析。例如，
TPO10 lecture 4关于儿童健忘症的两种解释。一种是儿童在3岁之前的阶段确实也形成了记忆，但是在我们长大的过程中就慢慢遗忘了;另一种是3岁以下的孩子缺乏记忆认知能力。
TPO15 lecture 1做事情时的精力分散和怎么集中精力做事情。首先讲的分散精力的一种遗忘;以电脑上敲字母为例子，后来又举分辨字母大小写的例子，讲到大脑区域的一部分V5与注意力的关系。
2.条件反射
一般情况下，这类文章会根据一个例子，然后提出假设，接着用实验验证假设，最后得出结论，考生可以分析文章的假设的观点，实验的方法以及结论，这三部分加深对文章的理解。
TPO14 lecture 1举了一个关于单词的例子解释了认识能力，记忆力和想象力，这些都是引导我们熟悉某事物并相信其存在的内在精神过程。每一个过程都有其局限性，可能会让我们产生错误的新年或做出错误的预测。
TPO2 lecture 1肌肉运动规律反应出我们的想法。约翰沃森认为喉部的运动是我们思想的符号。这是因为我们
解决问题的时候喉部肌肉运动增加。威廉詹姆斯认为人们都有自己意识不到的动作和活动，但是这些结论都是不确定的。
心理学高频词汇
psychology n. 心理学;心理状态
behaviorism n. 行为主义
muscular adj. 肌肉的;肌肉发达的;强健的
amnesia n. 健忘症，[内科] 记忆缺失
cognitive adj. 认知的，认识的
psychology n. 心理学;心理状态
infants n. 婴儿(infant的复数);婴幼儿
cognitive adj. 认知的，认识的
distraction n. 注意力分散;消遣;心烦意乱
心理学家从事基础研究的目的是描述、解释、预测和影响行为。应用心理学家还有第五个目的--提高人类生活的质量。这些目标构成了心理学事业的基础。
心理学符号的含义：符号在希腊语里是灵魂的意思，后来变成英文psyche。
托福阅读|心理学专业核心词汇及真题梳理
★ 托福范文
★ 托福词汇高频积累
★ 托福新人经验
★ 托福独立作文
★ 托福口语自我介绍
★ 托福学习计划
★ 托福三站经验
★ 托福写作满分
★ 托福阅读素材
★ 如何提高托福听力
托福教学计划（精选12篇）
