浅谈英语语法教学论文

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目录
第1篇：浅谈英语语法教学论文第2篇：高中英语语法教学论文第3篇：高中英语语法教学论文第4篇：初中英语语法教学论文第5篇：中学英语语法教学论文第6篇：初中英语语法教学论文第7篇：小学英语语法教学论文第8篇：英语语法教学的趣味性论文第9篇：英语语法教学第10篇：英语语法教学第11篇：如何加强英语语法教学第12篇：如何加强英语语法教学第13篇：如何加强英语语法教学第14篇：如何加强英语语法教学

篇1：浅谈英语语法教学论文

浅谈英语语法教学论文

〔论文关键词〕语法教法语法翻译文化对比

〔论文摘要〕英语语法的掌握是英语能力的基本功,而目前中国学生的英语语法的学习效果并不令人乐观。改进教学方法,加强文化对比,注重正负迁移的影响,是改善英语语法教学的重要途径。

一、语法教学现状及语法学习的重要性

长期以来,教育界关于英语语法的英语教学中的地位,一直莫衷一是。有些人认为,语法知识是不能通过表述的规则传授的,而是在接触目的语中潜意识地习得的。只要平时多做模仿练习,多听英语磁带,多和善英语之士交谈便可以自然地掌握相关语法。在英语课堂上,教师往往只注意书本上现有知识的传播,包括词汇的背诵、对话和课文的讲解,而常常一带而过或忽略课本内缺乏的有关句法结构的系统讲解。对学生真正怎么“学”,“学”多少,“学会”多少却关注较少。即使有的教师会在上课时讲解语法,但大多采用的是那种就事论事的阻断式、割裂式的讲解和翻译模式,往往给学生造成一种东一榔头西一棒的“无序”或“雾里看花”的感觉。由于对英语语法重要性的忽略或语法讲解过程中使用的方法不当,许多学生到了大学之后其语法知识薄弱、句法概念不清、语言运用能力差等缺陷便暴露无遗。他们所写、所译的东西错漏百出,让人觉得啼笑皆非。同样,在阅读理解中遇到长句、难句时,他们也不能正确地剖析句型结构,只能囫囵吞枣、一知半解、甚至是主次颠倒或完全错误。据不完全统计:大约80%的大学生坦言其英语考试成绩不理想,主要是由于句法结构的概念模糊再加上词汇量少,到考试时一遇到阅读、词汇、语法、翻译或写作时就会方寸大乱。在推进大学英语教学改革的今天,我们强调的是提高学生的英语运用能力便只能是空中楼阁。因此“还语法教学本来面目”、“让语法教学重返课堂”的呼声在英语教学上越来越强烈。

对中国学生学习英语而言,他们毕竟没有使用目的语的环境,那么他们就很难及时、准确地辨别和判断母语和目的语之间的语义特征和差异。从这一意义上来讲,对语法的学习便显得尤为重要。美国社会语言学家海姆斯说过:“一个学习语言的人应该有识别句子是否合乎语法规则的能力和造出合乎语法规则的句子的能力……。”章振邦、张月祥等人也认为语法是语言的结构形式和组织规律,是人们使用语言进行交际时据以组词成句,使语言具有明确的意义并能为对方所理解的一套规则,是必须掌握的知识和培养语言技能的重要环节。因此就中国学生而言,希望不学语法便能牢固地掌握英语,提高其英语运用能力是不切实际的。换言之,在大学英语教学过程中,重视语法教学,改善语法教学是提高学生英语运用能力必不可少的。

二、关于语法教学的一些想法

很多学生进入大学之后,意识到了缺乏语法知识对其英语提高的限制,便想方设法改善其对语法的认识与掌握。很多学生买来语法书,夜以继日地研读,结果发现越来越糊涂,始终未能理出其清晰的头绪来。要想在短时间让学生加深对语法现象的了解,使学生对语法的认识豁然开朗,大学英语教师可借助于以下一些方法:

首先,为了让学生能完整地了解语法的基础知识,教师可以设法将语法内容进行适当的有机整合,在原理相通的情况下,删除一些过于琐碎的部分,采用联系、归纳、演绎、图示和对比等多种方法。例如:将主语从句、宾语从句及表语从句联系起来讲解;将定语从句和同位语从句一同加以讲解及区别;将动名词和现在分词进行比较;将过去分词与现在分词进行比较等。这样使学生融会贯通,让他们真正懂得语法知识的横向联系和它们之间的差异,使他们有意义地接受学习,使有潜在意义的语法知识在内化过程中被理解和吸收。这种将类属学习和并列结合学习交互使用的方法(Ausube,l 1988)十分有利于新旧知识的衔接和联系,加强学生有意识记忆的效果。教学实践证明,这种方法言简意赅,很受学生欢迎。

其次,由于中英文的语法结构在某些地方的相似和不同之处比较多,教师应时常对中英文的表达进行对比以进一步加深学生的理解。例如汉语中经常出现主语不明和谓语是非动词词性(而非英语中主谓的省略)的情况时,就容易造成误解和语态辩识的难度。如碰到“公园里又建了一个游乐场”这一句子时,学生很容易把作状语的“公园”误作为主语,只要经过分析,学生便能明白这实际上是属于主动形式、被动意义的结构,动作的执行都并没有出现,用英语表达时应采用被动语态。再如当碰到“这个女孩非常可爱”这一句子时,学生很容易将其翻译成一个缺乏谓语的表达,这时教师须向学生强调此类句式必须加上系动词作谓语方能成立。

另外,语法在语言学习中既体现为语法知识条文的掌握,也体现为语言活动中语法结构应用能力的培养。也就是说能否让学生学会在具体的语言环境中运用所学的知识以获取有效信息,解决实际问题,是检验语法学习是否有效的标准。换言之,语法教学的重点是培养学生实际使用语法的能力。而应用技能的掌握是靠大量的操练和运用而获得的。在语法练习中,教师应多采用学生喜闻乐见的形式,如改错、英汉互译、应用性的写作等,而且采用的句子应多以贴近学生的现实生活和工作为主,与时代、潮流紧密相关,这不仅会激发他们思维的积极性和参与率,还能培养他们注重结构的辨识与运用,在应用中掌握规律的能力,并且这样的练习会让学生觉得很有意义和愿意为之。

三、加强文化对比,注重正负迁移的影响

语言学家Lado认为,语言学习者容易将母语的特征转移或迁移到第二语言中来,当两种语言的结构相似时,就会产生“正迁移”,促进外语学习;当语言结构不同时,就会产生“负迁移”,影响外语学习。因此翻译教学首先应给学生进行文化引导,先采用对比法加深对文化差异和语言差异的了解,再在学习的过程中使学生产生自觉的转变意识,使用不同的方法进行翻译。

(一)通过英汉词汇、句法结构和修辞的对比,加强对语言差异的了解

美国著名的语言学家LeonardBloomfield明确说:“外语中任何一个词或一个句子的意思总是有别于本族语中一个近似的、相对应的词或句子。”不同的民族,往往因其思维习惯的不同,而对同一客观事实有着不同的语言传达顺序。以英汉两种为例,它们各属于不同的语系,在词汇、句法结构和修辞方面差别都很大。汉语属分析型为主的语言,主要特征之一是语序固定,而英语则是分析、综合参半,以综合型为主的语言,因此语序既有固定的一面,又有灵活的一面。英汉两种语言在基本语序上是有同有异的。“同”的是主语、谓语和宾语的位置,“异”在状语和定语的位置。在句法结构上英语注重形合、汉语则注重意合。在翻译中将形和意结合起来,将固定和灵活的方式结合起来才能更好地达到效果。

(二)了解语言和文化的关系,加强文化差异的了解

语言与文化密切相关,互相依存。语言不但是文化的重要组成部分,而且又是文化的一种表现形式。同时,语言本身就是文化的产物和一种文化成果。不同的语言反映不同的文化。不同的文化也存在着共性,这是因为各个民族生活在同一物质世界中,有着相同的经历和体验,因此在价值取向,行为准则,审美等方面都有相似之处。这种文化的相似必然反映到语言中。对比英汉两种语言,我们会发现它们之间有许多极为相似的或相同的表达。在这种情况下,语言的正迁移作用就能发挥出来,在翻译中就能找到对应的表达。当然,语言并不等于文化的`全部。但任何一种文化都需要语言的传承,体现着不同的社会现实,有鲜明的民族特征。

一种文化环境赋予语言独特的表达。不同的民族由于他们所处的地理环境和历史环境不同而对事物和经历有不同的理解,在文化传统、生活习惯以及思维方式上都有不同。因此在语言符号系统的音义关系及结构特点上有很大区别。文化的差异容易造成的“词汇空缺”就是典型的例子。比如在汉语中颜色的表达方式很多,而在英语中除了通常的颜色表达外找不到完全一致的表达。以“青”色为例,“青山绿水”,“青衣棉袍”,“踏青”等,“青”可为蓝色,黑色,绿色,如果对译者对汉语中的“青”不了解,那翻译就无从下手了。即使是相同的词和事物,不同的文化模式赋予它的文化的色彩也不一样。在对词汇的理解上,外延和内涵意义就至关重要。但是有双重意义的词语很多,他们往往构成翻译的主要障碍,因为他们常常兼指多意,甚至以内涵意义为主。这样的词语,虽然能在英语中找到概念相同的词语,却可能出现文化含义的不对应或假对应。如这几个词语在文化内涵上就有差异。红(喜庆)―――red(暴力);蓝(蓝色)―――blue(清高,忧郁,淫秽);黄(王权,淫秽)―――yellow(怯懦);乌鸦(黑)―――raven(凶兆);猫头鹰(凶兆)―――owl(聪明)。如果单单将单词对号入座是达不到翻译的目的的。以英语中的mushroom为例,它有生命力旺盛,生长速度快的意思,可以用汉语的“雨后春笋”来对应,但它同样有表生命短暂的意味。如果不明白这一点就会造成误解。

(三)在清晰认识文化差异的前提下提高对语篇的理解

通过上下文,掌握隐含意义。原文的意义不一定通过具体的词汇表达,有可能体现在上下文的逻辑关系,或全句的语气上。这时,要善于从整体上把握这种弥漫在全文中的意义,并用适当的方式表达出来。例如:贾母因笑道:“外客未见,就脱了衣裳,还不去见你妹妹!”(《红楼梦》)显然,这里的“脱了衣裳”指脱下外套,礼服之类,不能照字面译成“takeoff one’s clothes”,所以译文是W ith a smile at pao-yu, theLady Dowager scolded:“Fancy changing your clothes beforegreeting our visitor・Hurry up now and pay your respects to youcousin・”(Tr・YangXianyi&GlaysYang)

(四)加强培养学生文学功底,把握修辞特点

为了让学生更好地把握修辞特点,因此理解时要留意原文的感情色彩、形象色彩及语体色彩。这些联想意义多用来达到某种修辞目的。只有透彻理解了原文的这些语言色彩,才能在表达时通过恰当的选词或结构将原文色彩意义传达出来。例如,《艰难的国运与雄健国民》(李大钊)―――Na-tionalCrisis v・s・Heroic Nation(张培基译)。该题目的用词体现了作者对国家命运的担忧和对人民精神的赞美之情,译文通过“heroic”一词巧妙地体现了原文的感情色彩,相比之下,The Bad Luck ofChina and the StrongW illof the Chinese这种译文的感情色彩与原文相差深远。

学习语法不是目的,但它却是在没有外语使用环境下掌握外语的一道不可逾越的大关。要提高学生的英语综合运用能力,必须重视对语法的学习与讲解,并采用一些行之有效的、有意义的、事半功倍的讲授方法,这样方能改善学生的语法知识。有了较好的语法知识之后,学生方能全面提高其英语能力,促成其英语水平质的飞跃,在英语学习中达到事半功倍的效果。有了较好的语法知识与丰富的词汇这些语言基本功之后,他们方能从容、轻松地应付任何一种英语能力的考试。

参考文献:

[1]陈林华,袁霁・外语教学与学习中的文化问题[ J]・外语界,1991, (2)・

[2]戚雨林・语言对比和文化对比[J]・外国语, 1992, (5)・

[3]邓炎昌・Language and Culture[M]・外语教学与研究出版社,1991・

[4]晨梅梅・探索与变革:转型期的英语教学[M]・北京:商务印书馆, 2004・

[5]章振邦,张月祥・新编英语语法概要[M]・上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1997・

篇2：高中英语语法教学论文

高中英语语法教学论文

英语语法是指英语的结构方式，包括词的构成和变化、词组和句子的组织。教学过程与教学模式既有联系，又有区别。共同点是两者都表示教学所经过的程序，而教学模式指具有理论支持的教学活动的操作框架，是得到经验支持的，实践证明是有效的。要教好英语语法项目，使教师的教学行为在教学理论指导下有意识地开展，那么，就必须选择有效的教学模式进行教学。

一、有效的语法教学模式：讲授模式

语法教学可以采用不同的教学模式，但应选择能最大限度地使学生掌握语法的教学模式。可以简单地说，语法也是词与词之间的运用规则，因此，英语语法属于概念性知识，那么，有效的语法教学模式就应该是讲授模式（Presentation Model）。讲授模式包括以下四个方面的步骤：阐明目标与设置情境（Clarify aims and establish set）、呈现先行组织者（Present advance organizer）、讲授新知识（Present learning materials）、检查理解程度及拓展思维（Check for understanding and strengthen student thinking）。

“阐明目标”要求学生了解要达到的学习目标，以此引导学生的学习活动。阐明目标一般要求与学生的实际生活联系起来，以明确学习意义。“设置情境”一般通过简单复习先前所学知识、提问、讲述相关趣事等形式，使学生进入准备学习状态。

先行组织者是指在学习任务进行之前教师呈现给学习者的引导性材料，目的是以旧知识来导入、整合和联系当前教学任务中的新知识。呈现先行组织者这一环节对学生建构知识体系尤其重要。既然知识在人们的大脑里是以类似于金字塔的形式存在的，那么，我们的教学就应帮助学生了解新知识在先前所学知识体系中的位置，不断完善其大脑里的知识体系。

讲授新知识一般采用“规则—例子—规则” 的策略（rule-example-rule technique），即先讲清定义、原理、结构等知识要点，然后再举出相应的、学生熟悉的例子来帮助学生比较容易地接受新知识。最后，重新概括陈述知识要点。

学生理解新知识的程度主要是通过大量的练习来检测的。具体的形式有作业、测验、提问以及通过观察学生的面部表情等。教师不仅要向学生传授新知识，还要注重拓展学生的思维。拓展学生思维的最有效途径是通过交谈，主要是教师向学生提问，引导学生谈论所学知识，而学生通过这个过程整合新旧知识，建立更完整的知识体系，不断深入理解更复杂的知识间的内在关系。

以上这四个步骤是有机的整体，每一个步骤根据学生等实际情况可以调整，但不能省掉。

二、讲授模式在高中英语语法教学中的应用

高中英语语法项目很多，主要有动词将来动作的表达法、直接引语和间接引语、定语从句、被动语态、情态动词、名词性从句、主谓一致、动词-ing形式、构词法、动词过去分词、倒装、省略、虚拟语气等。这些语法项目都可以也应该运用讲授模式来教学。下面结合讲授人教版必修1的Unit 1间接引语来阐述讲授模式在高中英语语法教学中的应用。

（一）阐明目标与设置情境

阐明目标比较容易，结合学生所熟悉的事实，告诉学生这堂课的学习目标。接着，顺势复习相关已学知识，如通过提问等形式，概括出学生所熟悉的四个句子类型：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句，并分别设计这些类型句子在实际生活中使用的情形，让学生进入准备学习新知识的状态。

例如，讲授间接引语时，直接告诉学生：“Today we’ll learn indirect speech.”接着，通过提问来设置情境：“Who is absent today?” 那么，有学生会说出缺席学生的名字：Tom。教师就说：“John， please tell me with the complete/full sentence.” 因为这个句子简单，所以就会有一些学生能够答出来。然后，教师向另一名学生提问：“Kate， Please repeat John’s words.” 教师再向另一名学生提问：“Mike， can you tell us what John said?” 这时，教师要注意，教师可以不要求学生说出正确的句子，只要让学生产生模糊的间接引语的概念，引起学生的好奇心就可以了。当然，如果没有缺席的学生，教师通过谈论天气、询问年龄、打听做作业的时间等方式也可以达到同样的效果。

（二）呈现先行组织者

呈现先行组织者是语法教学的关键一环，对学生建构知识体系起着重要作用。因此，学生进入准备学习状态以后，教师应在屏幕上呈现为讲授间接引语而设计的先行组织者（见图1）。引用某人的话主要有两种方法：直接引语和间接引语。其中，我们已经学过直接引语，因而接下来要学习的是如何用自己的话转述某人讲话的'准确意思。图1也让学生明白了要学的知识在语言知识体系中位置，从而有意无意地把新知识建立在已有知识体系里，使学生大脑里的英语知识体系变得更加完善。

例如：“Just now Kate and Mike retold us John’s words in two different ways. That means there are two different ways for us to quote/retell a person’s words to someone else， and the two ways are direct speech and indirect speech. In fact， we’ve already learned direct speech. And today we’ll learn indirect speech.” 然后，重复上面的学生的回答，作为直接引语和间接引语的例子，通过让学生分辨来加深理解引用某人的话可以用两种方法。

（三）讲授新知识

讲授新知识应遵循由浅入深的原则，第一堂课以陈述句的间接引语为教学任务。采用“规则—例子—规则”的策略，要讲清间接引语的定义、结构（人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语）。要注意，每一项新知识要点讲授以后，一定要列举相应的例子（与非例子），直到大部分学生理解为止，因为概念是通过例子与非例子的区分来获得的。然后再概括重述知识要点，确保学生准确掌握知识要点。

例如，开始讲授新知识时，教师可以在正板书左侧1/3栏里写出“间接引语”这几个字，并另起一行写出：“定义：用自己的话转述别人的话”（建议板书用汉语，用英语陈述）。然后，教师把直接引语John said：“Tom is absent.” 和间接引语John said Tom/he was absent.写在副板书（黑板右侧1/3栏）上。教师要进行比较，突出标明其差异。然后，在正板书中间1/3栏上概括写出间接引语的“特点、引号、时态、人称”（用四行）。现在，学生对间接引语有了一定的感性知识以后，在屏幕上再举一些事先准备的例句，如“It is warm”， “I am 15 years old”， “He did his homework in his room yesterday evening.”等等，并通过转换练习，逐步归纳出间接引语的特点，即“时间状语、地点状语”（分别写在人称的下方）等方面的变化。每一项新知识要点归纳以后，列举相应的例子（与非例子），直到大部分学生理解，最后概括整理，确保学生准确掌握知识要点。

（四）检查理解程度及拓展思维

如前所述，理解程度主要是通过大量练习来检测的。其实，教科书的编著者都精心设计了相应的练习，教师应有效地利用这些练习。例如，人教版必修1的Unit 1里就配有由易到难的练习。因此，教师讲授间接引语以后，就应安排做第五页的Discovering useful structure里的练习1、2、3。值得注意的是，练习的目的是让学生掌握正板书里的间接引语，是为学生掌握正板书里的知识要点服务的。因此，学生答对或答错时，都要用正板书里的知识要点作为判断标准，多次不断地接触正板书里的知识要点，以达到学生能够牢固掌握正板书里的知识要点的目的。最后，教师要求学生用口头陈述间接引语的知识要点，归纳间接引语的特点，比较间接引语与直接引语的差异。通过这样的口语表述活动，学生既能够整理所学新知识，也训练了逻辑推理等思维方法，从而进一步提高学习能力。

综上所述，讲授模式是高中英语语法教学的有效模式。高中英语语法教学应按照阐明目标与设置情境、呈现先行组织者、讲授新知识、检查理解程度及拓展思维等四个步骤进行。其中，呈现先行组织者是语法教学的关键一环，对学生建构知识体系起着重要作用。

【参考文献】

［1］周淑清。初中英语教学模式研究［M］。北京：北京语言大学出版社，2004

［2］Arends.Learning to Teach［M］。西安：陕西师范大学出版社，2005

［3］鲁子问。英语教学设计［M］。上海：华东师范大学出版社，2010

［4］孙鸣。英语学习与教学设计［M］。上海：上海教育出版社，2004

［5］程晓堂。英语教材分析与设计［J］。上海：外语教学与研究出版社，2007

【作者简介】金舜英（1962- ），朝鲜族，吉林延吉人，硕士，延边大学师范学院学科教育教研室副教授。

篇3：高中英语语法教学论文

高中英语语法教学中讲授模式的应用

吉林省延边大学师范学院金舜英

【摘要】阐述语法教学模式中讲授模式的四个实施步骤：阐明目标与设置情境、呈现先行组织者、讲授新知识、检查理解程度及拓展思维，探讨讲授模式在高中英语语法教学中的应用。

篇4：初中英语语法教学论文

初中英语语法教学论文

【摘要】本文笔者根据多年的时间探索，总结出几点关于英语语法学习的教学方法。

【关键词】初中英语语法教学创设情境讲练结合

自以来，英语学科更换了新教材，每个单元内容都贴近生活，而且图文并茂，学生们比以往更容易进入学习情境。但几个单元的讲解下来，本人发现英语语法教学仍旧相对枯燥无味，学生对语法知识的掌握也是一知半解、稀里糊涂，甚至很多学生对英语产生了厌学的畏难情绪。在不断的实践探索中，我也总结了不少有关英语语法学习的教学方法。

一、逐步渗透，自然习惯

对有些语法项目，教师不必大讲特讲，而只要把规则教给学生就行了。教师需要做的事就是设计各种情景，为学生提供使用这种规则的机会。例如，在英语学习中，不可避免地会遇到一致性原则。让学生明白记住类似于“I am、Youare、He/She is、We are、They are”这样的搭配，不要在使用过程中写出或者说出“I are、I is”这样的错误结构。

又比如，动词在一般现在时的第三人称单数后时词尾加“s”，名词复数时词尾加“s”。学生在这两方面常常出错，并不是教师讲得不充分，也不是学生不理解，而是学生使用这两条规则的机会太少了。教师讲上几十遍，不如学生在不同的情景中练上几遍。经常练，反复练，单项强化练，综合反复练，这样学生才会逐步形成习惯，掌握该语法。

二、创设情境，形象直观

有的语法项目用汉语叙述很难使学生准确地理解，在这种情况下，教师可以用画片、实物、表演等使其形象化。例如，教师在讲到英语的形容词和副词有自身的比较级和最高级的时候。可以采用一些学生们身边最直观的东西和现象。

拿一个简单的英语单词“long”来说，教师可以准备三把长度不一样的尺子，取出其中的两把，问学生：“Which islonger?”学生肯定会说：“The first one is longer thanthe other one.”然后教师把三把尺子全部拿出来，问学生：“Now,which is the longest?”在这样的一问一答和直观的感性认识中，学生们自然明白了形容词本身有比较级和最高级的形式。同样，在说明副词使用中也有比较级和最高级的区别时，教师也可以运用这样的方法。比如，可以拿来一张画有三辆不同速度的汽车的`图片，问学生两辆之间谁比较快，再问三辆之间哪辆跑得最快，学生也就明白了副词“fast”也有比较级和最高级的形式。以上的讲解演示完，可以让学生观察自己身边的事物，自己仿照教师的形式来造出同样形式的句子。在举一反三的过程中，学生们就能学好形容词和副词的比较和最高级，同时也能感觉到学习英语的乐趣。

三、提炼句型，列出公式

对有的语法项，教师采用句型或公式套用的方式比单纯讲练效果好，而且节约时间。比如直接宾语和间接宾语等，教师可在列公式以前引导学生观察和分析例句，列公式时同时讲清各部分的语法功能和意义。

例如：Give+sb(某人)+sth(某物)Give me a book.

Give+sth(某物)+to+sb(某人

Give a book to me.

理解以后，学生就可进行套用。并进一步在教师设计的情景中运用。学生使用熟练以后，模式便牢牢地在学生头脑中定型了。最后安排学生仿照两个例句做造句书面练习和口头练习，在大量的练习中，学生们对句子结构产生了深刻的认识和理解。这样，就能够在实际运用中发挥自己的语言能力，达到较好的表达效果。

四、英汉对比，讲练结合

“英、汉对比”在中学英语教学中也应给予一定的关注，因为英语语法和汉语语法实际上在互相影响着，学生也因而自觉不自觉地在对二者进行着比较。这样，教师在教学中就有必要进行适当的英汉对比，使学生理解二者之间的差异，有意识地避开干扰。比如，汉语的形容词和介词都可以作谓语，如我很高兴。他在家里。我国学生受母语影响。常常把以上两句译成：I very happy.He at home.

如果教师把英、汉中的这两种语法现象作一下比较，并且强调英语中一般情况下动词作谓语：在没有动词的情况下，形容词、介词、数词等前面要加上动词be共同构成谓语，学生就会触类旁通，造出正确的句子。

通过对比，教师可帮助学生既摆脱母语的干扰，又利用母语的影响。而无论是摆脱还是利用，都可以使学生的记忆和理解有所依附，深化学生的认识。

五、意识提升，及时点拨

意识提升的本质就是让学生自己研究语言素材，发现语法规则和语言的用法。为此语法教学还要精讲多练，教师要对学生及时点拨，帮助他们在练习中领悟。下面我就如何在语法教学中使用此活动举例加以说明：1、观察比起打篮球来，我更愿意踢足球I would rather play football than(play)basketball.

I prefer football to basketball.

I prefer playing football to playing basketball.

通过观察，学生发现这些对话都表示含有与…比较，更愿意…的意思，并且注意到它的结构是什么样的。

2、讨论

再次呈现一些句子，通过讨论，学生自己发现并总结规则，形成对于该语法结构的进一步认识，通过这一步，学生总结出“would rather…than…”and“prefer…to…”后面接着是什么词，并懂得如何使用它们。

3、练习

在这一步骤，学生进一步练习它们所观察到的和所理解的语法结构。可采取如下设计：用would rather…than…或prefer…to的适当形式填空：(1)My father go swimming goboating.

(2)I_____staying at home______going out.

(3)Miss Zhang______tea______coffee.

(4)Joan______sleep______listen to music.

(5)The boy______walking______cycling.

这个练习可以使学生进一步理解如何正确使用该语法来表达意思，以促进知识从吸收到内化。

当然了，语法教学不是一件很简单的事情，需要我们去实践，去创新，想方设法用实践来检查效果。没有十全十美的教法，只有在教育教学过程中不断更新，改进自己的教育教学方法，不断加强培养学生学习英语的兴趣，才能让自己的教学更上一层楼。

参考文献:

[1]英语课程标准.北京师范大学出版社,2001.7.

[2]钟启泉.新课程的理念与创新.2003.

[3]现代中小学教育.2003.

篇5：中学英语语法教学论文

【关键词】高中英语语法教学讲授模式

一、有效的语法教学模式：讲授模式

讲授新知识一般采用“规则―例子―规则” 的策略（rule-example-rule technique），即先讲清定义、原理、结构等知识要点，然后再举出相应的、学生熟悉的例子来帮助学生比较容易地接受新知识。最后，重新概括陈述知识要点。

以上这四个步骤是有机的整体，每一个步骤根据学生等实际情况可以调整，但不能省掉。

二、讲授模式在高中英语语法教学中的应用

（一）阐明目标与设置情境

（二）呈现先行组织者

呈现先行组织者是语法教学的关键一环，对学生建构知识体系起着重要作用。因此，学生进入准备学习状态以后，教师应在屏幕上呈现为讲授间接引语而设计的先行组织者。引用某人的话主要有两种方法：直接引语和间接引语。其中，我们已经学过直接引语，因而接下来要学习的是如何用自己的话转述某人讲话的准确意思。图1也让学生明白了要学的知识在语言知识体系中位置，从而有意无意地把新知识建立在已有知识体系里，使学生大脑里的英语知识体系变得更加完善。

（三）讲授新知识

讲授新知识应遵循由浅入深的原则，第一堂课以陈述句的间接引语为教学任务。采用“规则―例子―规则”的策略，要讲清间接引语的定义、结构（人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语）。要注意，每一项新知识要点讲授以后，一定要列举相应的例子（与非例子），直到大部分学生理解为止，因为概念是通过例子与非例子的区分来获得的。然后再概括重述知识要点，确保学生准确掌握知识要点。

（四）检查理解程度及拓展思维

【参考文献】

［1］周淑清。初中英语教学模式研究［M］。北京：北京语言大学出版社，2004

［2］Arends.Learning to Teach［M］。西安：陕西师范大学出版社，2005

［3］鲁子问。英语教学设计［M］。上海：华东师范大学出版社，2010

［4］孙鸣。英语学习与教学设计［M］。上海：上海教育出版社，2004

［5］程晓堂。英语教材分析与设计［J］。上海：外语教学与研究出版社，2007

[中学英语语法教学论文]

篇6：初中英语语法教学论文

初中英语语法教学论文

摘要：新课标下的英语语法教学可以采用灵活多样的教学方法，调动学生学习语法的积极性，使学生的语法学习与语言的实际运用结合起来。

关键词：英语语法；教学；方法

一、英语语法教学的重要性及英语语法教学现状

语法是联系词汇与句子的纽带，学习语法有利于培养学生正确理解英语和准确运用英语的能力。著名语言学家Wilkins曾这样描述语法的作用:“对一种语言语法体系的习得依然是语言学习中的一个重要环节。”

中国人学习英语主要是通过有意识的学习，英语语法规则可以帮助中国学生更好地掌握英语。但是，很多教师对语法教学存在一定的偏差。一部分教师片面理解新课程标准要求，很少讲解和分析语法知识。由于语法知识的传授严重不足，导致学生基础知识掌握不牢固。很多学生既不会用准确的英语进行口语表达，也不能写出没有语法错误的英语句子。另一部分教师由于面临着巨大的升学压力，他们虽然使用新教材，但采用传统的语法翻译法，以讲解语法知识为主，让学生死记硬背语法规则，致使学生对语法学习失去兴趣，英语语法课成了部分学生的休息课，学习效果可想而知。

二、再认识英语语法教学

张正东教授曾经指出，再认识语法教学，不能止于认识教学语法的必要性，也要认识到教学语法在内容和方式上应该有所改革。新颁布的《英语课程标准》明确指出：“此次英语课程改革的重点就是要改变英语教学过分强调语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授，忽视对学生实际语言运用能力的培养的倾向。”这里的“改变英语教学过分强调语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授”很显然并不是要我们放弃语法教学，而是要求我们改变以前的教学方法，采用能够激发学生学习语法兴趣的教学方法，将语法教学与听、说、读、写各项技能的培养融为一体，与语言的实际运用结合起来，让学生充分参与学习活动，调动他们的学习积极性。

三、新课程实施中的语法教学方法

（一）运用英文歌曲教授语法

用英语歌曲教语法指的是：教语法时，英语老师通过使用适当的英语歌曲及其歌词达到教学目标。

比如在学习一般将来时态时，我们可以利用《Lazy Mary》这首歌帮助学生认知will 后加动词原形这种形式可以表示将要做某件事情。这首歌的歌词是 “lazy Mary, will you get up, will you get up ? Will you get up? no, no , mother, I won’t get up, I won’t get up, I won’t get up, I won’t get up today.”歌词中出现了由will 引导的一般将来时态的一般疑问句、否定句，歌词简单易学，不到三分钟的时间，学生就可学会这首歌。之后，教师稍微点拨一下歌词中出现的语法现象，加深学生对歌词的理解。然后，教师带着学生做“改歌词”的游戏，利用这首歌的旋律填写出另外一首歌。学生学习兴趣很浓，积极性会很高。

又如，在教授形容词比较等级时，用《 the more we get together , the happier we will be》这首歌。歌词旋律优美，朗朗上口，很受学生的欢迎。让学生带着任务学唱英文歌曲：填空“____ ___ we get together, ____ _____ we will be.”之后，把填空内容the more, the happier, 作为本节课的一个导入，效果也不错。

有时候，还可用听歌曲给歌词改错的方式来教授语法，如：在学习一般过去时态时，把《yesterday once more 》这首歌放给学生听，让学生在听的同时，把打印的`歌词中的错误找出来:“When I am young, I'd listen to the radio, waiting for my favorite songs. When they play I'd sing along. It makes me smile ”

用英语歌曲教语法，为语法提供了语境而不是孤立的句子和枯燥的规则。学生可以轻松地把歌曲印在自己的脑海里，从而记住歌曲中的词组和句型。通过唱歌激发兴趣，使学生在欢乐轻松的气氛中学习和掌握了语法知识。

（二）运用名言警句或谚语教学语法

在我们学习汉语时，老师总会精选一些经典文段让我们背诵，这种方法既能让我们记住这些经典段落，又能在我们写作时引用或是进行仿写。把这种方法迁移到英语语法教学中，效果会很好。如在学习比较等级时，把Two heads are better than one和Actions speak louder than words等谚语介绍给学生；在学习定语从句时，以谚语为例，帮助学生理解定语从句的结构：He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. He who would do great things should not attempt them all alone；在学习too to do句型时，用It’s never too old to learn作为例句；在学not until 的用法时，让学生熟记“don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you”这个谚语。通过一段时间的实践发现，这种方法既新颖又典型，学生既记住了谚语或名言警句，又掌握了语法规则，可谓一举两得。

（三）运用直观教学法教授语法

1.以实物展现的直观教学法形象具体，能够让学生积极参与，给他们留下深刻印象，增强学生的学习兴趣。

例如：在教授新教材七年级（下）第一单元的there be 句型时，我拿了一个装饰得很漂亮的盒子走进了教室，里面放了一些书、橡皮、铅笔、杯子、纸、帽子、球、苹果等学生熟悉的实物。要求学生用there be 句型编一段对话；“What’s in the box?”“Is there a /an ? Are there in the box?”对话中猜对的即可获得一份礼物。给学生几分钟的时间编这个对话，允许学生有所发挥。学生回答问题的积极性非常高，有些英语水平较高的学生把老师拿的礼物编为圣诞节礼物，有些英语水平不高的学生也踊跃举手。实物的运用，加上这种有奖回答的方式，学生把“there be”句型练得很熟悉。

2.借助多媒体创设直观的教学情景。在英语语法教学中，多媒体的运用可以使教学活动集文字、声音、图像、动画等功能于一体，能为学生创造形象生动、图文并茂的英语交际情景，能最大限度地调动和激发学生的学习积极性和主动性，提高教学效率。

例如：在教授过去进行时态之前，用摄像机拍摄学生周五下午大扫除时的情景。在教授此时态时，首先说：At four o’clock last Friday afternoon, I was preparing my lessons, what were you doing at four last Friday afternoon? Maybe you can’t remember what you were doing, let’s watch a video”此时利用多媒体快速播放学生周五下午的那段视频。视频之所以快速播放，是为了让学生在之后的对话中觉得有必要询问。然后要求学生通过询问对周五下午四点时正在做什么，进行一个对话活动。在此基础上采访2～3名同学并做汇报。在本节课上，因为讨论的内容真实自然，贴近生活，学生学习兴趣很浓，效果不错。

3.运用游戏法教授语法。教学现在进行时态时，我们常用的一种方式就是让喜欢表演的同学上讲台前，老师耳语他一个指令，如“playing basketball”，让他做动作，请全班同学猜。在此游戏的前几轮表演中，老师可以指导学生向表演动作的同学提问，运用句型“What are you doing？ Are you ？”后几次表演中，猜的同学须向老师提问，运用 What is he （she） doing? Is he （she）？句型。喜欢表演的同学争先恐后上台表演，其他同学也踊跃发言，不知不觉中学生有意识地运用现在进行时态的句子结构，学会了表达。

4.利用、开发教材中的任务内容，创设不同教学情景教授语法。任务型教学法是新课标所倡导的新的教学理念，引导学生在完成任务的过程中“用中学，学中用”。清华大学英语系刘世生教授认为,情景教学就是通过设计出一些真实性和准真实性的具体场合的情形和景象，为语言功能提供充足的实例，并活化所教语言知识。情景和任务的结合，能够使学生在完成任务的过程中，将抽象的语法融入生活情景中，准确地理解、掌握不同语境与情景中语言的不同含义,从而激发学生学习的兴趣，调动学习的积极性，使教学达到最佳效果。

新目标英语教材中设计了许多任务型的活动，如表演、填写问卷，调查，访谈，书信等，使学生在“做事”的过程中学习语言知识与语法结构。有时候，我们还可以充分整合教材资源，再次开发教材中所给的任务，使之成为更有创意的情景，在课堂上起到更好的作用。

比如在学习八年级下册第9单元《Have you ever been to an amusement park?》时，首先通过设计情景：下周成龙要到石家庄来，作为石家庄的主人，我们感到很荣幸能为成龙介绍石家庄。问学生石家庄有哪些地方可以介绍，通过呈现一组石家庄市区及周边的游玩地方的图片，组织学生按照1b 中的目标语言进行Pair work，然后请几组学生进行Role Play，在听完听力2a和2b后，将Self Check中的采访任务整合到这节课，并做适当调整，把采访同学调整为采访成龙，考察学生运用目标语言解决实际问题的能力，并创设了另一个情景：成龙刚来到石家庄，现在正召开记者见面会，接受石家庄小记者的采访。两位同学扮演成龙和其助手，两位同学当记者。通过运用2c 中的句型 Where have you been, Where do you want to go, How are you going there 来模拟现实中可能出现的情景，使学生身临其境，更深刻地理解本课主题： Have you ever been to …? 采访结束后，要求记者整理成龙的回答对班内同学做一汇报。该活动通过创设情景，让学生在运用中提高交际能力，在使用目标语言的同时生成具有实际意义的语言。

总之，针对不同的教学目标和教学内容，我们可以采用灵活多样的英语语法教学方法。只要我们敢于改进和创新我们的语法教学，学生学习语法的兴趣就一定能增强，学生的综合运用语言的能力就一定能得到提高。

参考文献：

［1］潘亚玲.外语学习策略与方法［M］．北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2006.

［2］郝惠珍，潘炳信. 英语教学论 theory of English language teaching［M］．中国文史出版社，2005.

［3］朱萍，苏晨杰.英语教学活动设计与应用中学卷Teaching English through activities［M］．华东师范大学出版社，2007.

篇7：小学英语语法教学论文

小学英语语法教学论文

英语书面表达是小学英语教学的一个重点和难点，要想正确地使用英语来表达自己的意思，没有语法规范是做不到的。由于英语和汉语在表达习惯上有所不同，对于中国孩子来说，想学好英语就必须把英语语法的基础打好。

一、小学英语语法教学中两种不良倾向

1.对语法教学的重视程度不够

许多教师认为，只要有足够实际交际语言的刺激，学生自然会获得该语言的语法知识。现如今一提到语法教学，人们就会想到枯燥、应试教育等说法，淡化语法教学成为普遍现象。虽然一些学校以此活跃了课堂气氛，但是学生真正用英语交际时，一些常见的口语表达也会出现语法的错误。所以，提高教师对英语语法教学的重视程度是非常必要的。

2.死记语法的现象依旧存在

在过去相当长的一段时间内，因为教师们当年在学习外语的时候，就在很大程度上依赖于语法教学，因此，他们在教学过程中也不可避免地把语法教学当作帮助学生掌握外语的主要方法，一些教师甚至让学生死记硬背语法规则。这种倾向，在有些学校至今仍然存在。

二、优化小学英语语法教学

1.借助情景来优化英语语法教学

传统的语法教学是教师在讲台上讲，学生在下面听，显然这种方法很难引起学生的兴趣，有些学生甚至感到上英语语法课简直就是在坐牢。要改变这种现状就需要创新教学过程，设计有趣的情境。比如在讲“behave”的动名词转换时，我设计了一个让学生化身为26个英文字母的活动，让其中几个同学组合成“behave”，然后再组合成名词形式“behavior”，这样在变换后增加了什么字母，减少了什么字母，学生的印象非常深刻。

2.通过模仿来优化英语语法教学

有些知识是通过模仿学习获得的。教师可由此受到启发，教师在第一次使用语法后，让学生仿照使用，慢慢体会，直至达到结果的可复制性。使用模仿的基本教学方法，指导教师要会用合适的方法和手段，让学生进入学习状态，不仅使学生能够快速掌握如何使用语法，也能培养学生的学习能力。久而久之，学生才能找到自己的学习方法，并养成总结、运用语言规律的好习惯。

3.通过趣味练习来优化英语的语法教学

反复的练习能够熟练地掌握语法，但是小学生很少能有这样的耐心，所以就需要运用合适的方法来巩固语法记忆。比如在对“therebe”句型进行练习时，我创设了一个这样的'情景，在课上拿出一个包，然后问学生“Whatisinmybag？”由于学生的好奇心，他们纷纷举手猜测“Isthereanappleinyourbag？”“No,thereisn't.”“Aretheresomecandiesinyourbag？”“No，therearen't.”“Isthereadictionaryinyourbag？”“No,thereisn't.”通过这样的方法加强对所学知识的练习。

4.简化英语语法教学

在教学的过程中，我会借助一些顺口溜或者儿歌来帮助学生理解和记忆语法，比如在讲人称代词时，采用儿歌的方式帮助学生记忆：“I是我，you是你，hesheit他她它，I的复数是个we，you的复数还是you，男他女她物体它，张三李四单个他，他们的复数都是they，简单口诀要牢记，要牢记。”在讲解be动词时，可使用：“我用am,你用are,is用在他她它，要是复数都用are。”通过这种方法，很大程度上提高了语法教学的趣味性，读起来朗朗上口，简单易记，就连一些比较内向的学生，也会开口说英语。

总之，小学英语语法教学要根据学生的心理特点和认知规律，遵循小学英语语法教学的原则，为学生创造有趣的学习场景，让学生在贴近现实生活的情况下，完成学习任务。要把语法教学与阅读、听力和口语交际等技能训练有机地结合起来，让语法自然地融入课堂，为学生奠定学习英语的良好基础。

篇8：英语语法教学的趣味性论文

英语语法教学的趣味性论文

[Abstract]Grammar, as a set of rules for choosing words and putting words together to make sense, plays a significant role in language teaching. It is difficult for students to speak English without learning English grammar. However, the traditional teaching methods are so boring that modern language teaching tends to neglect grammar. There have been more and more teaching theories and teaching methods at present. In this paper, some features and rules of grammar teaching have been generalized. Besides, several teaching modes have been introduced and discussed to make students more active in the class and to enhance communicative activities between the teacher and students, so as to make abstract grammar teaching more vivid and interesting.

[Key words]English grammar teaching; teaching methodology; delights

[摘要]语法在英语教学中占有重要地位，没有语法规则的监控和修饰，学生很难成为地道的英语使用者。机械地沿用以教师为中心的传统方法进行教学使语法教学抽象枯燥。目前又出现了各种各样的教学理论和教学方法。本文总结了语法课堂教学的`特征和规则，提出了几种基本教学方法以便更好地发挥学生的主动性，增强师生间的交互式教学活动，使抽象的语法教学形象活泼。从而使语法教学更好地服务于英语教学的最终目的---培养学生的语言交际能力。

[关键词]英语语法教学；教学法；趣味性

1. Introduction

Grammar is a set of rules for choosing words and putting words together to make sense. Every language has a set of grammar rules. It has been held that if a language is a building, the words are the building bricks and the grammar is the architect’s plan. Without a plan, there would not be any building. However, with the growing popularity of the communicative language teaching approach, grammar is more and more neglected and grammar teaching is regarded as inherently “dull” or “old-fashioned”. Some teachers are even going to extremes by avoiding talking about grammar under the supposition that grammar teaching do no good to students’ communicative competence. As a consequence, the grammatical knowledge is not timely consolidated, internalized and converted into a practical ability. There are some problems in grammar teaching, which are generalized as “five emphases” and “five neglects”, [1] that is: emphasizing instilling knowledge while neglecting practicing skills; emphasizing explaining in detail while neglecting exercising; emphasizing written exercises while neglecting oral practices; emphasizing the analyses of grammar while neglecting the usage of grammar; emphasizing the mastery of rules while neglecting knowing examples. It is because of these problems and difficulties that grammar teaching is so boring for both teachers and students.

2. Features of English grammar teaching

There are some features of grammar teaching in the class which is worth noticing.[2]

2.1 Activeness and interest

Grammar teaching should fit the students’ age, the class situation, and the content of teaching materials.

1) Try to satisfy the students’ desire of success. For instance, according to different levels of the students, teachers can teach them to sing English songs, read some interesting stories to them or talk about children’s programs with them.

2) In termsof “3-s” which is surprise, suspension and satisfaction, teachers can advance some enlightening questions to satisfy the students’ curiosity and to arouse their interest.

3) Teaching methods should be of variety and flexible.

2.2 Practicality and communicativeness

Listening, speaking, reading and writing should be developed harmoniously.

1) Emphasize communicative usage, such as doing duty report, two minutes’ talk, free chat between students and the teacher, and so on.

2) Insist on elaborate explaining and doing more exercises, which requires the teacher to give two thirds to three fourths of the class time to do exercises that should be designed according to the difficulty gradation, and according to their purposes.

2.3 Consolidation and development

Try to avoid forgetting and try to consolidate the knowledge gradually. In other words, teaching materials should be arranged systematically and organizationally. The teacher should try to connect new knowledge with the old ones, increase repetition and enhance exercises to enhance positive transference and help students grasp knowledge and train their practical skill. In a word, such features make grammar teaching particular and important.

3. Principles of English grammar teaching

In order to teach grammar successfully, the following principles should be paid attention to and obeyed. The following principles should be showed in the class.[3]

3.1 Motivation principle

Motive is the assurance of all teaching activities, including grammar teaching. Nowadays, since more and more students are not interested in grammar, it is more and more significant to motivate students. There are six points altogether in this principle.

1) Choose the topic that suits the students’ age, cognition and language learning.

2) Create the proper situation, and try to offer some ocular objects, such as pictures and slides.

3) Make grammar exercises open ended in answers which allow students to talk freely and arouse their interest.

4) Form and meaning are combined. Meaning should be the core of exercises, which can be designed with an information gap to let students join in and get what they want to know.

5) Personality should be embodied fully, which help students to carry on the real exchange.

6) The activities should be more challenging and make students moderately nervous, thus students will get the joy of success.

3.2 Efficiency principle

It is made up of six points as well.

1) The aim of the grammar teaching activities should be clear.

2) Try to increase students’ participation in pair work or group work.

3) Make sure the efficiency of practices, which means to make sure students are able to use the new grammar rules properly and make them have a sense of success and satisfaction after the teacher correcting their faults.

4) Increase the kinds of activities. The variety of activities is the condiment of the studying and teaching. Sincethere are students of different levels, the activities in the class should be different.

5) Preparation before exercises requires that there must be presentation and explanation. After students have a clear idea about the taught grammar rule, they can enter into grammar practicing.

6) Class evaluation. There is a grammar test at the end of the class.

3.3 Variety principle

The vitality of teaching activities in the class lies in the changing of teaching activities. The teacher should create fertile activities in terms of students’ situation.

3.4 Majority principle

It shows that teaching should fit every student. So implicit teaching and dominant teaching, inductive method and deductive method, controlling, semi-controlling and communicative practice should be united.

3.5 Procedure principle

This tells that teaching should follow the procedure of presenting, explaining and developing, otherwise, its effect will be damaged.

3.6 Communicative principle

Language serves communication, and the real language ability is developed in the process of communicating. So communication should also be embodied in grammar teaching.

3.7 Diversity principle

Language ability is the basis of communicative ability. And learning grammar is not the aim but the way of learning language. Teaching does not mean just teaching grammar, neither does language learning.

In a word, with the new curricular reform, the aim of grammar teaching also changes. Grammar teaching is aimed to stress the marrow of grammar by nimble teaching designs, and to make grammar class alive through creating fertile situations, thus to help students transfer the isolated and scrap language points to apply language quickly. So the new or useful methodologies should fit the features, suit the principles and display the aim.

4. Methods of English grammar teaching

According to the differences of methods of introducing the structure, there are implicit ways, such as the inductive method, and explicit ways, such as the deductive method. According to the differences of teaching aims, there are communicative approach, situational method and task-based method, which are aimed at developing students’ communicative ability. And all these methods can be adopted to make grammar teaching vivid and interesting.

4.1 The inductive method

In the inductive method, the teacher induces students to realize grammar rules without any form of explicit explanation. It is believed that the rules will become evident if students are given enough appropriate examples.

For instance, the teacher wants to introduce comparative adjectives to a class of low-level students, she first shows a picture of a tall, thin girl labeled Mary, saying “Mary is tall”. She shows a second picture of an even taller, thinner girl labeled Ann, saying “Ann is tall”. The teacher then puts the two pictures side by side with each other and says: “Mary is tall and Ann is tall, too. But Annis taller than Mary”. The teacher can do the same for “thin” and introduce more pictures, or objects and adjectives: long, short, big, small and so on. After several examples, students will understand the structure of the comparative adjectives. The target sentence is “Ann is taller than Mary”. Then students produce more sentences using the pattern “X is …-er than Y”.[4] The teacher may check whether students have grasped the meaning of the structure by asking some conceptual questions, then give them further practices.

In order to present the two forms “this is” and “these are”, the teacher will first hold up a book, saying “This is a book.” He or She will do the same showing other objects. Then the teacher holds up several books and says “These are books.” After several similar examples, it is hoped students will understand “these are” is used with plural forms of nouns. Then students are invited to apply the newly learned structure to produce sentences with given visual aids or verbal prompts. The teacher tries to say nothing except to correct when necessary. Then the teacher may elicit the grammar rule from the students.[5]

4.2 The deductive method

The deductive method relies on reasoning, analyzing and comparing. In the deductive classroom, the teacher gives a grammatical explanation or rule first, and then ask them to use the rule to do a set of exercises in order to understand the grammatical point and help them master the language item. One possible way of delivering such a lesson is as follows:[6]

(a) Present the structure and explain the “rule” in a way that involves the students.

(b) Write up the language structure.

(c) Set up some activities so that the students can practice the language structure in a meaningful context. For example, the teacher may use a role play, a discussion or a piece of writing to consolidate the language structure.

When teaching the structure “used to do”, the teacher firstly presents it on the blackboard and explain its meaning and usage clearly. Then the teacher gives students some examples. After that, he or she invites students to do group work to make sentences using the structure. The group that makes the most examples will be the winner.

Besides when presenting the future tense, the teacher presents the word “will” and do the same as the above. Then he or she can ask students to do a piece of writing to check their understanding. The title may be “my dream”. And read some good writings to the class next day.

4.3 The combination of inductive method and deductive method

Among the methods for teaching grammar, the deductive method and the inductive method have been discussed and adopted most frequently. Obviously, the inductive method is more interesting. It is believed that the inductive method is more effective in which students discover the grammar rules themselves while engaged in language use. This is especially true with grammatical regularities which areeasily perceived, understood and applied. However, it is a good idea to combine both methods, which avoids the bad influences of the traditional infusing method and can motivate students.

Nowadays, the teacher combine the two methods more and more. He or She usually uses the inductive method firstly and then the deductive method, especially when teaching some more difficult grammar points. For example, when teaching the structure “If I were…, I would…”, the teacher may make sentences like this: “If I were a bird, I would be kept in a hutch.” “If I were a millionaire, I would go around the world.”… The more, the better. Then the teacher asks students to find out the similarities of the sentences and encourage them to guess its meaning or features. After that, the teacher can make further explanations on the basis of students’ understanding. And to check if they have grasped the structure, the teacher can invite students to do pair work. The students discuss with their partner and make a dialog. Finally, the teacher asks several pairs to act out and do some comments. Similarly, subjunctive mood can be taught in this way.

4.4 The communicative approach

Communicative approach, which is aimed at developing students’ practical communicative ability, emphasizes how to use the right communicative context in the process of language study, and holds that language study should meet the students’ needs of exchanging and transferring information in their real life and work. So the core of it is “using language to learn and learn to use language”.

In communicative class, students are considered as the main role. The teacher organizes all kinds of real and vivid activities to make teacher-student and student-student exchanges, then help students transfer the grammar knowledge into their skill of applying language.

When teaching the article, the teacher can draw a picture and ask students to describe the picture, on which there is a book on the table, there is a bed in the room, and so on. And the two pictures are of few differences. One of them can ask the following questions: Is there a girl in your picture? Or is there a mirror in it? Also, two students can have different information to exchange. One of them has a picture with “carrot, horse, rose, and tomato” and the other has another picture of “animal, flower, fruit and vegetable”. Then they exchange the information by asking and answering some questions. So they can make a dialogue like this:

A: What is a carrot?

B: It is a vegetable.[7]

Lastly, one student has a picture and he will ask his partner to set the things according to the picture. e.g. Put the pen on the book beside the bag. All these methods can motivate students, and also develop their communicative skills.

The grammar can also be learned and taught in the form of poems or songs. Because such poems or songs are always relaxing, lively and comfortable to read, and are easy to remember. Students can learn and master the pattern “have done” by reading the following songs:

The Beaches of Mexico

Have you ever seen the beaches of Mexico?

Have you ever walked the streets of San Juan?

Have you ever been to Haiti?

[……………………………]

I’ve sure been in pain.

I’ve sure been in love.

I’d do it all again. [8]

After introducing subjunctive mood, the teacher can offer a poem to help students understand the mood as follows:

If All Were One

If all the seas were one sea, what a great sea that would be!

If all the trees were one tree, what a great tree that would be!

If all the axes were one axe, what a great axe that would be!

If all the men were one man, what a great man that would be!

If the great man took the great axe, and cut down the great tree.

And let it fall into the great sea, what a great splash that would be!

It is believed that such kind of teaching would be effective because it would make the class lively and students excited.

Communicative approach requires that the teacher should connect grammar teaching with practice and communication consciously to offer an environment for students to use the grammar through listening, speaking, reading and writing. For example, after introducing the article, the teacher can not only design some blank-filling exercises but also organize the following paragraph:

Once there lived an old woman. She had a very beautiful cat. One day she lost her cat. She looked for it everywhere but couldn’t find it. She was very disappointed. One evening she saw a cat lying by the roadside almost dying. She was very happy and bought it home.[9]

Then the teacher asks students to read the paragraph quickly by themselves and answer the questions as follows:

1) Does the article tell us if the old woman found her own cat?

2) How do you know?

If the students want to understand the paragraph and answer the questions correctly, they must know the meaning of “a”. In this way, the students can master the usage of the article by reading the paragraph, and understand the whole paragraph by knowing the rule of using the article as well, which can help them grasp the usage of the article further.

So from what have been discussed, it is easily found that the communicative approach assumes that the purpose of language teaching is to manipulate the structures of the foreign language and how to use the grammar rules. While teaching grammar, the teacher should try to provide students with many opportunities to use the language for communicative purpose, develop students’ ability to participate in communication through language rather than their perfect mastery of individual structures. By adopting communicative approach, the classroom atmosphere is relaxing and lively. The teacher is no longer dominant but an organizer, helper and participant while students are no longer “ignorant audience” and passive learners, but actively involved in the class. They are not only learning the grammatical rules but also practicing their speaking, listening and reading, thus their communicative ability will be greatly improved.

4.5 The situational method

“Situation” is the occasion where the target language is practiced. The right situation can help students understand and apply language suitably. The teacher should utilize the real environment or create lifelike situation to teach grammar, which includes objects, real language surroundings, postures, non-language ways, multimedia, pictures, examples and so on.

It is believed that the classroom is the most economical and convenient “teaching tool”. There are students, a teacher, doors, windows, walls, blackboards, desks and lights, which have formed a special relationship to be used in grammatical class. For example, when teaching “both” and “neither”, the teacher can ask two boys to stand up and introduce them: This is Li Lei and this is Wang Tao. Li Lei is a boy and Wang Tao is a boy, too. They are both boys. / Both of them are boys. Li Lei isn’t a girl. Wang Tao isn’t a girl, either. Neither of them is a girl. The teacher can write down the sentences that include “both” and “neither” while he or she is introducing, then ask students to guess their meanings and explain them to the students. In this way, students will understand the grammar easily and the teacher will also reach his or her teaching goal quickly.

Some examples also can provide the needed situation. Some language phenomenon can not be explained clearly by native language. So the teacher can design the appropriate situation by some examples, which can help students to understand and digest the knowledge in the context. For instance, when explaining “on time” and “in time”, the teacher can give the following examples:

1) The plane to Guangzhou should leave at 2:30. It took off at 2:30. It took off on time.

2) We arrived home five minutes before the TV program. We arrived home in time to see the program.

These two sentences are clear and direct for students to understand their difference.

Sentences can make a proper situation, so can dialogues and stories. Firstly, let’s take a dialogue for example:

T: Did you go to see the new film “Broken Arrow” yesterday afternoon, S1?

S1: Yes, I saw the film with my classmates.

T: How did you like the film?

S1: Exciting, very exciting. All of us liked it very much.

T: I’m sorry I missed it. If I had had time, I would have gone with you.[10]

The teacher writes down the last sentence on the blackboard, which is a good idea to teach subjunctive mood. And students can accept and digest it easily and quickly, right?

Also, the teacher can organize an interesting story which shows the new grammar point. For instance, when introducing present participle, the teacher can tell the following story:

One cold morning in winter, when I was about to go to school, a smiling man with an ax on his shoulder stopped me, saying, “My pretty boy, has your father a grindstone?” “Yes, sir” said I. “You are a fine little fellow!” said the man, “Will you let me grind my ax?” Hearing the praise, I answered, “Oh, yes, the grindstone is in the big room…”

Pictures can also create the appropriate situation. Since different students have different imagination, students will have different pictures in their mind when the teacher is introducing some abstract grammar phenomenon, which will become the obstacle of language teaching. At this time, pictures, sketches, and diagrams can make abstract concepts concrete and make teaching and learning easy and interesting.

For example, when explaining “while, when and as”, the teacher asks help from the following sketches:

He came back.

She was working.

While (When) she was working, he came back.

He listens to the music.

She works

He often listens to the music as she works.

After teaching the past participle of irregular verbs, the teacher can use a chart as follows to generalize them, which will stimulate students’ ocular organ and be easily remembered.

AAA type ABB type ABA type

cut cut cut sit sat sat come came come

put put put spend spent spent Become became become

To distinguish “have been to” from “have gone to”, the teacher can also use a diagram to make teaching lively and easy.

(1) She has been to Guangxi.

Beijing Guangxi

She is here

(2) She has gone to Guangxi.

Beijing Guangxi

She is here. or she is here.[11]

They are so clear that students can easily understand and remember them.

Simple pictures on the blackboard or on paper are always welcome in the class. For instance, when teaching comparative adjectives, the teacher can also use simple pictures. He or she can draw three persons of different height on the blackboard with yellow, green and red chalks, then name them Tom, Jack, and Mark respectively and introduce, “Tom is tall. Jack is taller than Tom. Mark is taller than Jack. He is the tallest of all”, then repeat them and underline the comparative adjectives to arouse students’ attention. Similarly, the teacher can draw three pencils and use the adjective “long” to describe them. Besides, there are still many other simple pictures that can be adopted to teach comparative adjectives.

When practicing the pattern “be + doing”, the teacher can show the picture of a woman jumping but covering up most of it with another card then ask, “what is she doing?”

Student A: She is walking.

The teacher: Is she walking?

Student B: She is running.

The teacher move down the card so that more can be seen and ask, “Is she running?”

Student C: No, she isn’t, she is jumping![12]

Such an activity not only practices the structure but also develop students’ communicative skill.

If the teacher wants to distinguish “say” from “tell” to the students, he or she can draw a person on the blackboard and writedown “say” beside it. Similarly, the teacher can draw two persons and write “tell” down between them. That is, “say” is an individual action while “tell” usually happens between two persons. Therefore, students can remember their difference firmly for long.

All in all, there are so many things that can create the proper situation. Students will learn and digest the grammar rules if they are placed in a right situation. There are seldom real surroundings for teaching and learning the target language, but lifelike surroundings can be created, where students will feel relaxed and happy in the class. Thus the grammar teaching will be more interesting and effective.

4.6 The task-based method

The task-based teaching methodology is recommended as an effective teaching method by English Curriculum Standards for Secondary Schools, an official document of ELT for Secondary Schools by the Ministry of Education of China. Nunan explains the instructional roles of a task with particular reference to language development. “A piece of classroom work which involves learners in comprehending, manipulating, producing in the target language while their attention is principally focused on the meaning rather than form.”[13]

By the way, pair work and group work are the most common activities in the task-based method. As Hammer says, “pair work allows students to use language and also encourages students’ cooperation which is itself important for the atmosphere of the class and for the motivation it gives to learning with others.”[14] For example, after teaching the pattern “be made of”, the teacher can ask students to do pair work to make a dialogue using the main structure and imitating the dialogue in the text. Thus students will involve in it. They must think about it and discuss with their partners. When they finally finish it, they also practice their speaking at the same time. This way is better than just doing some grammatical exercises.

Compared with pair work, group work seems to be more attractive in a grammatical class. Students in groups could have more persons to discuss with and more talking time, also there could be more ideas and thoughts. It will be exciting, lively and dynamic if the teacher gives a well-designed task. Hammer suggests: “Students will be teaching and learning in the group exhibiting a degree of self-reliance that simply is not possible when the teacher is acting as a controller.”[15]

After introducing the attributive clause, the teacher can ask students to do group work. Generally speaking, there are three to four students in one group. The task is to guess who he or she is or what it is. Firstly, the teacher leads the way, and he or she describes a person or an object. Then the students respond. They will do like this:

T: She is a girl who got three gold medals in the last sports meet.

S1: Wu Yan.

T: Right, now another one, it is a book that can tell you the meaning of new words when you study English.

S2: A dictionary. [16]

Every group tries to think about more sentences and anybody in any group gives the correct answer will acquire a mark. Finally, the group that gets the most marks will be the winner and rewarded. Using this method, students will be motivated, excited, active to take part in it and try their best to gain marks for their group. What’s more, the grammar will be digested subconsciously and gradually.

It is clear that task-based teaching methodology is a useful method. In the process of such activities, the teacher should be lenient and kind to students when they make some mistakes, otherwise, students will lose heart. However, if the mistakes are serious, the teacher can correct them ingeniously and tactfully. If not, then the teacher can ask, “What did he or she say?” and make other students help him or her. In a word, students should be encouraged in the class. Making students confident and relaxed is more important, which is the basis of teaching them knowledge or instructing them.

5. The variety of activities in the class

In the grammatical class, the teacher can also adopt different activities to arouse students’ interest. In other words, the variety of activities in the class is necessary and significant to make grammar teaching vivid and interesting.

5.1 The experimentally demonstrating activity

The experimentally demonstrating activity is also an attractive activity. Students are usually so interested in doing experiments. So some easy and practical experiments in the class must be welcome. For instance, when explaining the difference between present participles and past participles, the teacher can demonstrate the process of boiling water to boiled water. When the water is boiling, the teacher shows it to students. When the temperature changes, the teacher drinks the boiled water and tells students that is boiled water.[17] In such vivid and relaxing atmosphere, students can grasp the difference and the usage subconsciously.

5.2 The movement demonstrating activity

The teacher can also teach grammar by their own movement. For example, when teaching the pattern “be + doing”, the teacher can perform and let students guess. When he performs running, students say, “You are running.” Also, the teacher can ask some student to perform in front of the classroom. Such a way is proved to attract students easily. There are also many other grammar structures that can be taught in this way.

5.3 Using games

It is believed that most students love playing, so using games must be a wonderful idea, and it is worth putting into practice in a grammatical class. When in a game, students have to take individual responsibility for what they think the grammar is about, the teacher is free to find out what students actually know without being the focus of students’ attention and everybody is working at once. With more students’ talk and less the teacher’ talk, the atmosphere in the classroom is relaxing and lively. Students produce free and natural language without teacher’s intervention. Games can be used before presenting a given structure area to find out how much knowledge of the area is already disjointedly present in the group or after a grammar presentation to see how much the group have grasped or as revision of a grammar area. When to use games mainly depends on classroom atmosphere and the topic to be dealt with. For example, after introducing the unreal conditional clauses and having students deduce the rules from the example sentences, the teacher may ask students to play a game called “chain of Events”.

The teacher gives students one “if-clause”: If I went to live in another country…. Then student A completes the sentence by saying: If I went to live in another country, I would live in France.

Student B takes the second part of A’s sentence and reforms it into an if-clause and suggest a further result:B: If I lived in France, I would visit the Louvre.

Then next students carry on such a game in the same way: If I visited the Louvre, I would take a lot of photos. … [18]

The game continues until every student has a chance to speak and practice. Some other games include: coffee-potting, I spy, if it happened, ect.. And these games have proved to be wonderful in a grammatical class.

5.4 Cultural penetration

“Cultural penetration” is another activity that can attract the students’ attention, which means that the cultural knowledge is penetrated in the process of teaching language to make sure it is carried out smoothly. [19] Such a method can also improve grammar teaching. For example, when teaching form subject and form object “it”, the teacher can tell students that the English and Americans attach importance to their formal thoughts, which is different from our Chinese. When introducing the simple past tense, the teacher can use the background of WWI or WWII as the teaching material. With this method, students not only learn something about the wars but also understand the usage of the past tense. So, if students can learn some culture of the target language, grammar teaching will be more effective and interesting than expected.

6. Conclusion

Grammar plays an important role in language learning and teaching. “Grammar teaching holds its own position in foreign language teaching. Whether the effects of grammar teaching are good or bad will affect the whole language teaching.”[20] The significance of grammar teaching is not contradictory to the curricular reform which does not negate grammar teaching but requires teachers to change their ideas to give students more time to practice language and enliven grammar teaching to serve the communicative teaching. In the class, students are regarded as the main role, and the teacher is an organizer, participant, controller, and so on.

So the traditional methods should be reformed, and the communicative approach, situational teaching method, task-based method, etc. should beadopted to improve students’ language ability. Besides, diagrams, pictures, games, objects, and so on, should be enough in classroom teaching to motivate students. In a word, the variety of teaching aids and teaching methods in a class will stimulate the students’ curiosity to make grammar teaching more effective and more interesting.

References

[1]胡春洞. 当代英语教学实用模式（上）[M]. 北京：清华大学出版社，2002，P29-42

[2]同[1] P147-151

[3]王笃勤. 英语教学策略论[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002，P163-166

[4]宋慧文. 如何让英语语法教学生动活泼[J]. 内蒙古电大学刊，2002，4，P49

[5]王蔷. 英语教学法教程[M]. 北京：高等教育出版社，2000， P63

[6]同[5] P62-63

[7]洪梅. 交际性英语语法教学初探[J]. 商丘职业技术学院学报，2005，4， P42

[8]阎春梅. 英语语法教学的交际化[J]. 湖北大学成人教育学院学报，1999，4， P53

[9]同[1] P31

[10]马福康. 关于当前中学英语语法教学[J]. 外语界，1998,1，P48

[11]贾冠杰. 外语教育心理学[M]. 南宁：广西教育出版社（第2版），2003，P83-84

[12]Andrew Wright. Pictures for Language Learning[M]. 天津:南开大学出版,2003，P21

[13]张庆宗. 英语教学法[M]. 长沙：湖南人民出版社，2004，P243

[14]曾宪红. Improving Grammar Teaching In Chinese EFL Class[J].郴州师专学报,1994，1，P15

[15]同[14] P15

[16]麻昌全. 运用任务设计教学定语从句[J]. 中学外语教与学，2005，5，P37

[17]同[14] P15-16

[18]沈瑛. 新课程中语法教学的定位及其策略[J]. 中小学外语教学， 2004，8，P3

[19]胡文仲, 高一虹. 外语教学与文化[M]. 湖南：湖南教育出版社，2003,P20

[20]H. H. Stern. Issues and Options in Language Teaching[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999，P127-128

篇9：英语语法教学

英语语法教学(2)

学习英语语法的方法因人而异，方法很多，专家学者也各有其独到的见解。实际上学校的学生学习英语语法，绝大多数其学习的目标是要能讲写通顺无误的一般英语就可以，而不是将来要成为一个英语语法专家。所以语法书上所提出来许多规则或语法资料实在没有理由全单照收。因此学校学生学习英语语法的基本有效的方法有下列三点。

（1）对语法的规则或句型应力求充分的了解，不必作深入的理论探讨。练习都以句为单位，口头练习与书写练习并重，更应培养思路与表达趋于一体的自然语言习惯。

（2）多阅读文章，如故事、寓言、童话、小说、甚至诗歌等。阅读时要切实朗读，不可有eye-reading。阅读材料以切合自己能力或程度为佳。在阅读中并注意引证自己已学习过的语法规则，或利用自己所学过的语法规则来了解文意，体会文体，模仿英语的.表达句式或习惯。记住，读过10本语法书你不一定能说写流畅的英语，但是阅读了10本小说（或文学作品），你的英语的说写能力必定能顺畅自如。

（3）不要怕犯语法上的错误。有错误，表示你已跑上了学习的道路，检查自己犯错误的原因，努力改正自己。敢犯错误的人一定会发现，他自己已更加接近成功的目标了。

篇10：英语语法教学

英语语法教学(1)

在20世纪60年代美国和英国的语言教学界曾兴起一阵热烈而且普遍的讨论，主题是：“在学校的语文课程中，英文法是否有必要列入”。结果，“英文法”纷纷地从各学校的语文课程中消失了。可是事隔20多年后美国和英国的教育界发现把英文法从语文课程中排除出去后不但没有获得教学效果的改善，而且引起了不少负面的影响。于是这些专家又开始主张重新把英文法列入学校的语文课程中。

为什么“英文法”会被排出学校的语文课程呢？语言学家的理由之一是英文法的学习无助于学生的写作能力之增进。经过20多年后，语言学家又发现问题的症结不在于文法而是在于“…what is taught and how it (grammar) is taught。（教的内容与教的方法）----The Oxford English Grammar，Sidney Greenbaum，Oxford University Press，1996）”。实际上学校文法所教的造句法、语序、标点、句子的.承接，段落的处理等都是属于语文教学的很基本的事项，对学生的写作能力确实有增进的功能。

台湾的英语教学界也受到这一阵的“排除英文法教学”的热风影响，于1981年左右把英文法从中等学校课程中排除出去了。这样到现在也已经历了左右，不知我们的英文教学是否因排除了英文法而有所提高？我们的语言学家是否也和英美的语言学家一样再发现到文法的重要性？

在理论上，对美国或英国的学生而言，英语是他们的母语，他们每天直接生活在他们的母语环境中，在这样语言成长的自然环境下他们还觉得文法的教学有助于增进他们的“speaking correctly and writing accurately（讲得无误，写得正确）”的语言能力，那么以英语为外国语言在学习的我们中国学生，文法教学对我们学习过程中的重要性应是不容置疑的。编者深信，任何一位英语教师每当她或他在批改学生的英语作文或中翻英作业时，或者每一位大学教授在批阅大学联考中考生所写的英语作文试卷时，一定都会感觉到英文法教学之重要性的强烈信息。或许，我们在英语教学上对英文法的犹豫，问题也应该是在“...what is taught and how it is taught．”

篇11：如何加强英语语法教学

以归纳的方法教学就是让学生先接触语言材料，通过给学生输入大量真实的语言实例，使学生对所学语言形成一定的感性认识，并进行思维加工，从中归纳出语法规则。这一过程能够培养学生的记忆、思维和综合能力。演绎的方法是对学生较难理解的语法教学内容，可以采用先给学生呈现语法规则，再适当举例或让学生举例的教学方法。例如：

如何将直接引语转变为间接引语，在归纳总结转变规则之前，我先给学生呈现以下句子：1. He said, “I am a student.”

2. She asked, “Will you go to the zoo?”

3. “Where is John?” the teacher asked.

4. “Make sure the door is shut when you leave.” The teacher said to us.

其中1、2句直接引语的内容我请班里学生A表达，然后由学生B告诉其他同学刚才学生A说了什么，在这一过程中体会人称、时态的变化，同时指导学生一般疑问句转变时要用连词whether或if引导且疑问语序要改为陈述语序(主语在谓语前面)，句末用句号。接着第3、4句直接引语部分由我表达，班里学生主动举手，由一名学生告诉其他学生老师说了什么，同时指导学生特殊疑问句及祈使句转变时应注意的问题。最后总结归纳出如何将陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句及祈使句的直接引语转变为间接引语。接着再用“传悄悄话”的活动方式，让学生操练，要求学生在“传悄悄话”的过程中尽量运用不同句式，学生通过这一活动，练习巩固了转变规则，达到熟练掌握间接引语的句型结构的目的。

篇12：如何加强英语语法教学

小组协作任务型教学是任务型教学比较好的实施方式，它采用两人活动或小组活动形式，避免了班额大，不同学生之间知识水平和智力发展参差不齐，同时师生之间|、学生之间的交际得不到充分的发挥等教学问题。运用小组协作式任务型教学，可以改变目前语法教学过于重视语言形式而忽视语言实际运用能力的培养的状况，从而优化英语语法教学，可以使学生由被动变为主动实践，使枯燥的语法学习变得生动活泼，可以增强学生的学习自主，性，促进学生之间的合作与交流，提高其解决问题的能力。

例如：语法课本中有一单元是学习情态动词的被动语态，在呈现语法结构后，我把全班分成若干小组，每组4—6人，要求每小组成员就学校的校规进行讨论，运用“Students should be allowed to……/Students shouldn’t be allowed to……”进行讨论，各小组得出若干意见后，每组派一名代表到讲台发表意见，最后综合全班同学的一致的意见向校长提建议。由于这一活动与每位同学密切相关，人人都踊跃发表自己的意见，学生积极地“动”起来了，教学也随之“活”了起来。学生在小组协作讨论中，反复运用以上句型，达到了掌握运用情态动词被动语态教学任务的目的。

篇13：如何加强英语语法教学

心理学家认为，学习兴趣是一个人力求认识世界，渴求获得文化科学知识和不断探求真理而带有情绪色彩的意向活动。语法教学一向被认为是“枯燥无味”的代名词，很多学生认为语法难学，没有意义，所以语法教学一定要设法引起学生的兴趣，若能让学生在游戏活动中运用所学的语言知识，不仅可以复习和巩固所学的语言知识，而且还能提高学生的学习兴趣和调动学生学习的积极性。

例如：在教授现在进行时的语法内容时，我设计猜测游戏，让一位学生做动作，让全班学生运用句型“What’s he /she doing? He/She is doing ... ;”猜测动作。

再如，教学“There be”句型时，我将全班分成3--4个小组，每组由一位学生发出指令，例如：There is a table/bed/...; in the living room.其他学生按照指令画出某人的起居室;然后小组之间交换所画的图，并用“There be”句型描述图片内容。在这样的趣味性活动中，学生既掌握了新的句型，也复习了已学的词汇，同时还获得极大的成就感，增强了学习的自信心。

篇14：如何加强英语语法教学

语法教学应与听、说、和阅读活动紧密结合。阅读过程是学生发现问题和思考问题的过程，通过分析阅读中遇到的一些语法现象，学生会加深对这些语法现象的理解，这绝非单纯向学生灌输语法知识所能替代的。如果教师只是让学生机械地在句中操练某个语法点，学生会感到枯燥无味;若将语法点放入语篇中，让学生在阅读文章时对文章中的语言现象首先形成一定的感性认识，就能引导学生根据语境归纳和总结出语法规则。这样既可加深学生对所学知识的印象，又不会使学生感到乏味。

例如：

Dear Tom,

How was your day off? Did you have fun camping? I didn’t have a very fun day. I visited my cousins. It rained all day. In the morning, I stayed in the house and watched DVDs, played computer games, and read. In the afternoon, Uncle Martin put some of his old things out in the yard and had a yard sale! However, no one came to the sale because the weather was so bad. Luckily, we brought our umbrellas and raincoats, so we didn’t get wet.

See you soon,

Nick

这封信件非常适合学生学习动词的过去时，其中有动词过去时的肯定式、否定式及疑问式，而且里面还包含个别不规则动词的过去式，文章又与学生的生活密切相关，即描述他们是如何度过假日的，如“visited my cousins/ stayed in the house/ watched DVDs/ played computer games/ read”等;教师可以要求学生仿照此信件给自己的朋友写一封信，描述自己刚刚度过的假日。这样的写作活动既能让学生通过语篇来学习语法，学到系统的语法知识，又可以提高阅读能力和口语表达能力。

总之，针对不同的教学目标、教学内容，可以采用灵活多样的教学模式和教学方法，使语法教学不再“枯燥”，让学生在运用语言的过程中学习语法知识，只有这样，语法教学才能在英语教学的全过程发挥重要作用。

小学英语语法教学反思一：

在这两年的小学英语教学实践中，发现自己在语法教学方面走了不少弯路。我一直认为，学生学习英语如果不了解英语语言的内部规则，必将影响学生准确的表达。即使是在强调以语言的交际功能为主的现在，学生也需要一些语法知识，准确、系统地掌握语言，因此我总是要求学生掌握住我所讲解的语法知识，但结果与我的要求相差甚远，我曾一度很是苦恼。最近我在网上查阅了一些关于这方面的资料，同时也听了专家的讲座，我有一种恍然大悟的感觉，现在我终于明白，原来小学阶段的语法教学有来自学生接受能力的局限性，也有其不同的方法和要求。

1、小学英语语法主要出现在单词、句型、短小文章中, 因而语法教学主要是结合这些具体的学习活动, 让学生感受、领会、掌握一些基本的语法知识。语法教学要做到精读多练, 或适当点拨、反复操练, 直到熟练掌握、形成语感、建立一套新的语言习惯。

2、小学英语语法教学中归纳和总结英语语法是很必要的。在接触、理解、体验、操练、运用之后，进行归纳和总结，会取得事半功倍的效果。但在做总结归纳的时候还要根据学生的不同阶段和思维的特点来采取相应的方法。

3、语言学习离不开实践和反复练习。因而在教学中特别是语法教学中必须强调语言知识的实践性和练习的多样化。

在小学英语语法教学中教师应该创设一些符合孩子实际生活的情境来组织学生呈现、操练与运用语言。语法教学,不能只停留在讲与学生学的基础上.应该结合课堂创设的情境加以训练,这样将有助于学生远离单调、枯燥的学习心理。在小学中高年级，教师尽量让学生在教师的设问、提示下，来归纳和总结简单地语法规则。语法规则是好学不好用。语言实践活动会逐渐地培养用规则的能力。有一些老师以为孩子犯错误是因为这个语言点讲解得不够，我们讲的很多东西是相互联系的。活动给孩子们提供了一个较真实的情景去使用语言，让他们在玩乐中无意识地训练了所学的语法。精讲多练，促成内化。淡化对语法的讲解和记忆，留更多的时间和精力用于实例、实践、实用;启发、诱导、点化学生在语境中反复接触和应用语言。

三，要用心设计见成效的情景习作习题。

以前对于语法教学实在感到很难无从下手,但今天我不这样认为了.教师在给学生设计练习题时,除了要有一定的针对性外,还要注意带给学生一定的语境.,应该多设计一些语境.情景教学中渗透语法知识.我觉得创设情景很重要，在真实自然的语境中学生才能真正的感受体验语言.我认为情景教学不但教师喜欢学生会更喜欢,我一定多尝试.小学英语语法教学要有归纳和总结,但不同年级用的方法可以不同,总结归纳的层次应该是有所区别的，为此，要重视教材和教学程序的内在逻辑性，培养学生多问、多思、多想象、多联想的习惯。

总之语法的教学要遵循三个原则:

1, 生动有趣的教学情景对学生掌握语言、利用语言是能起到事半功倍的效果的。

2,只有理解了意义,孩子们才能加以运用, 为了巩固孩子的语法知识，提高孩子语言的准确性，教师也要在适当时候使用意义先行原则.

3,最关键的是实践、实践、再实践，要在实践中为学生量身定做语法大餐，太多了学生不能消化吸收，还会厌倦 , 根据孩子的天性，在教学中要做到“以人为本”，新课程标准所倡导的“以人为本”的理念要求教师的教学设计与教学活动都要符合学生的本能与天性 ,激发学生的兴趣.让小学语法教学生动起来. 不仅有利于调动孩子的学习积极性，提高教学效果，还有利于孩子身心、情感的健康。

小学英语语法教学反思二：

语法知识是语言运用能力的组成部分，语法教学是英语教学过程中必不可少的。所以教师要注重语法知识的传授。每道高考题的单项填空题都是一个语法点：如冠词、情态动词、动词时态、语态、非谓语动词、形容词、副词等。此外，在完形填空、阅读理解文章中都有较难的语法句子，若对这些语法现象不理解，必定会影响学生对文章的整体理解，会影响答题的得分率。因此，在教学中教师应重视语法

1. 在教授语法知识时，我先向学生介绍具体的句子，然后让学生观察、分析并找出规律，归纳出语法规则，这样学生更容易接受、理解语法知识。比如，在教学动名词作主语这一语法项目时，可先在黑板上给出例句：Nodding the head means “yes” and shaking the head means “No”. 学生会立即理解其意义，但教师先不要说明语法点，而是呈现更多的句子，以检验学生对这一语法点的理解。如：Pointing at others isn't polite. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. Watching too much TV is bad for our health. 之后，让学生归纳这些句子的共同点，学会自然找出其中的语法：动名词作主语;动词加-ing变为名词在句子中作主语;然后再反复操练，培养学生的语法感，使得学生做到活用及自然流露。这样的语法归纳教学能使学生充分理解和更好地掌握语法知识。

2. 教授语法时，我还常利用比较、分析、转化的形式启发学生找出关键点，并重点加以突破。例如，教非谓语动词——分词作状语时，可以利用比较的方法，进行句型转换，让学生掌握这一语法难点。例如：

① When he heard the news, he jumped with joy.

→Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.

②He stood in the street. He waited for a friend.

→He stood in the street waiting for a friend.

③As he was tired, he couldn't go any further.

→Being tired, he couldn't go any further.

④Once it is seen, it isn't easily forgotten.

→Once seen, it isn't easily forgotten.

让学生观察上述句子，会发现现在分词、过去分词在句中作状语可以表示原因、时间、条件、伴随，相当于一个状语从句。经过句型转换和比较，看似复杂的语法点简单化了，学生就能轻松掌握了。

在教定语从句时，其结构较复杂，也可采用比较的方法来理解：例如：

① This is the island. We visited the island last year.