“Sssssssssss”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了7篇中考英语语法知识点：介词和连词，下面是小编精心整理后的中考英语语法知识点：介词和连词，希望能够帮助到大家。
- 目录
篇1：中考英语语法知识点：介词和连词
6.从属连词
从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：
(1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless等。
(3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。
(4)引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。
(5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等。
(6)引导结果状语从句的so that, so…that, such…that等。
(7)引导比较状语从句的than, as…as等。
(8)引导名词从句的that, if , whether等。
7.常用连词的用法辨析
(1)while, when, as
这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。
1)当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如：
As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.
2)当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。例如：
While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.
3)当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是as。例如：
As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them.
4)当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边…一边…”时，最常用as。例如：
Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.
She looked behind from time to time as she went
5)当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when。例如：
When he finished his work, he took a short rest.
6)当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when。例如：
When John arrived I was cooking lunch.
(2)as, because, since , for
这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。
1)如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如：
I stayed at home because it rained.
---Why aren’t you going?
---Because I don’t want to.
2)如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：
As he wasn’t ready, we left without him.
Since I have no money, I can’t buy any food.
3)for用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如：
I decided to stop and have lunch----for I was feeling quite hungry.www.zhongkao5.com//
(3)if, whether
if和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如：
I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.
I don’t know whether (if) he likes that film.
在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：
1)引导主语从句时。例如：
Whether he will come to the party is unknown.
2)引导表语从句时。例如：
The question is whether I can pass the exam.
3)在不定式前。例如：
I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.
(4)so…that, such…that
1)so…that中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such…that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：
I’m so tired that I can’t walk any farther.
It was such a warm day that he went swimming.
2)如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时，用so,不用such。例如：
He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.
I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.
(5)either…or…， neither…nor, not only…but also…
这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时，
谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如：
Either you or he is wrong.
Neither he nor his children like fish.
Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book.
(6)although, but
这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Although he is
over sixty, but he works as hard as others.”这个句子应改为：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.
(7)because, so
这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Because John
was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 这个句子应改为Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.
篇2：中考英语语法详解三：介词、连词
介词、连词
一、介词
1. 介词概述：介词表示它与后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。介词是虚词，不能单独做句子成分。介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。
2. 常用介词的意义和用法。
⑴ 时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别：
表示时间时， in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后)， on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等， at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间;
表示地点时， in表示在某个范围之内， on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触，at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如：
He was born on the night of May 10th.
I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning.
His glasses are on the desk.
My brother is at the bus stop.
⑵ after与in表示时间的用法区别：“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在…时刻之后”常用于一般过去时态;“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”，常用于将来时态。如：
He said that he would come back after 6：00.
My father is coming back from Astralia in about a month.
⑶ since与for表示时间的用法区别：“since+(具体时刻/that-从句)”表示“自从…起一直到现在”，“for +(一段时间)”表示“持续一段时间”，都常用于完成时态;如：
My father has worked in this factory since 1970.
My father has worked in this factory for over 30 years.
⑷ by、in与with表示方式的用法区别：都可以表示“工具、手段”，但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”，在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者;in表示“使用”某种语言/文字，with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。如：
We write with our hands and walk with our feet.
Please speak in English.
Let’s go to the zoo by bus.
It was invented by Adison.
⑸ about与on的用法区别：都可以表示“有关…”，但是about的意义比较广，而on主要表示“有关…(专题/课程)”。如：
Tom is going to give a speech on the history of China.
They are talking about the English test.
⑹ through与across、over的用法区别： through指“穿过…(门洞/人群/树林)”; across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”，可互换，但是表示“翻过…”时只能用over. 如：
Just then a kangaroo (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那时一只袋鼠跑过路面)
There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座桥)
They climbed over the mountain and arrived there (他们翻过大山到达了那里)/
The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(参观者们穿过一个大门来到另一个公园)
(7)as与like的区别：两个词都表示“像……”，但是as译为“作为……”，表示的是职业、职务、作用等事实，而like译为“像……一样”，表示外表，不是事实。如：
Let me speak to you as a teacher.(我以老师的身份和你讲话。)
Let me speak to you like a teacher.(让我像一位老师一样和你讲话)
(8)in front of 与in the front of：in front of“在…的前面”， 与in the front of“在…的前部”。如：
A group of people was standing in front of the hall.
In the front of the hall stood a group of people.
(12)except与besides的区别：except“除了”，表示排除掉某人物，即不包含;而besides“除了”则表示包含，即“不仅……又……”。如：
Everyone went to the park except Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了公园)(Tom没有去公园)/
Besides maths he also studied many other subjects.(除了数学之外，他还学其他许多功课)(“数学”也是他学的功课之一)
连词
1.连词概述：连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词，短语或句子，但不单独做句子成分。按照连词的性质，可将连词分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词如：and，but，or，for等，它们即可连接单词，短语，又可连接句子。从属连词如：when，before ，because等，它们主要引导名词性从句。
2.常见连词的用法：
1)并列连词 的用法： 并列连词有：and, but, or, nor, so, for yet, however, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, still,
And： 连接单词短语句子 。如：Tom and I study in the same school.
But, or ：I have a pen but no pencil. / Would you like coffee or tea?
Nothing but除了，只有： I did nothing but watch it.
Or表示否则：如： Hurry up or you will miss the train.
for 表示后面的句子是原因。如： He is good at piano for he practices harder than others.
Not only…but also 不仅…而且。可并列主、谓、宾、表及句子。主语并列时，谓语要就近一致。如： Not only he but also I am a nurse.
As well as 以及，同样。并列单词、短语、句子。并列主语时，动词要随前面的主语变化 .如：He works as well as he can
Either…or 既…又…，或…或…，并列主、谓、宾、表及状语 ，如：Either come in or go out.
Neither…nor 既不…也不， 并列主、谓、宾、表、状语，并列主语时，谓语就近一致。如：Neither you nor he is lazy.
Both…and 和，既…也，并列主、谓、宾及表语。I can speak both English and French.
nor 也不，引导句子要倒装 。如：He can not play the piano, nor can I.
so 因此，所以，不和because连用。如：You like swimming, so do I.
1) 从属连词的用法： 从属连词有：after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, if, unless, because, than, that, whether, so that
after 表示“时间”，在…之后。如：After I finished the school, I became a worker in the factory.
Although/though 表示让步， “尽管”。如： Although she is young, she knows a lot.
as 表示时间，“当…时”，方式“象…”，原因，“由于、因为”让步，“尽管、虽然” 。如： As it was rainy, we couldn’t go out now.
As if/as though 表方式，“似乎、好像” 。如： He told us such a story as though he had been there before.
As long as/so long as 表条件，“只要” 。如： As long as I am here, I’ll go to help you.
As soon as 表时间，“一…就…”。如： I will call you as soon as I come back.
because 表原因，“因为”。如： I have to practice more because I am not good at English.
before 表时间，“在…之前’’ 。如： You should think more before you do it.
Even if/ even though 表让步，“即使”。如： You should try again even if you failed.
Hardly…when 表时间，“(刚)一…就”。如： Hardly I entered the gate when the bell rang.
if “假如”，引导条件状语从句。如： We will stay at home if the rain doesn’t stop.
“是否”，引导宾语从句。如; I don’t know if he goes shopping.
In order that 表目的，“为了，以便”。如： We study hard in order that we can pass the exam.
No matter +疑问词 表让步，“无论，不管”。如： No matter what you do, you should try your best.
No sooner…than 表时间，“刚一…就…”。如： No sooner had I come home than it began to rain.
once 表时间，“一旦…”。如： Once you read this book, you’ll never forget it.
since 表时间，“自从…以来”。如： He has been in this city since he left school.
表原因，“既然，由于” 。如： Since the job is dangerous, let’s do it more carefully.
so far as/as far as 表条件，“就…而言，就…而论”。如：As far as I know, it is easy for you to speak in English.
So that 表目的，“以便” 。如： Speak loud so that everybody can hear clearly.
So…that 表结果“如此，以致”。如： He got up so early that he caught the early bus.
than 表示比较，“比” 。如： Things were worse than we thought.
unless 表条件，“除非，如果不” 。如： You will fail in the test unless you study hard.
Until/till 表时间，“直到…为止” 。如： I’ll wait till my mother comes back.
when 表时间，“当…时’’。如： When they got there, the train has left.
whether “是否”引导名词性从句 。如： Whether he can come to see us is unknown.
表让步，“不管/无论、是否”。如：Whether she is rich or poor, she is always happy.
while 表时间，“当…时” 。如： While he was in Beijing, he visited the Great Wall.
whenever 表时间，“无论什么时候”。如： Whenever you meet any trouble, tell me at once.
篇3：连词英语语法知识点
1 并列连词与并列结构
并列连词引导两个并列的句子。
1) and 与or
判断改错：
(错) They sat down and talk about something.
(错) They started to dance and sang.
(错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.
(对) They sat down and talked about something.
(对) They started to dance and sing.
(对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.
解析：
第一句： and 连接两个并列的谓语，所以 talk 应改为 talked。
第二句：and 连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang 应改为 sing。
第三句：and 连接感观动词saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper应改为whispering。
注意：and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。(or也有此用法)
Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.
= If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance.
One more effort, and you'll succeed.
= If you make one more effort, you'll succeed.
2) both …and 两者都
She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.
3) not only…but (also), as well as不但…而且)
She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.
注意： not only… but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。
Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.
4) neithe…nor 意思为“既不……也不……”谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。
Neither you nor he is to blame.
2 比较and和or
1) 并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。
2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：
There is no air or water in the moon.
There is no air and no water on the moon.
在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。
典型例题
---I don't like chicken ___ fish.
---I don't like chicken, ___ I like fish very much.
A. and; and B. and; but C. or; but D. or;and
答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表转折。
判断改错：
(错) We will die without air and water.
(错) We can't live without air or water.
(对) We will die without air or water.
(对) We can't live without air and water.
3 表示选择的并列结构
1) or 意思为“否则”。
I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.
2) either…or 意思为“或者……或者……”。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。
Either you or I am right.
4 表示转折或对比
1) but表示转折，while表示对比。
Some people love cats, while others hate them.
典型例题
--- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
--- I'd like to, ___ I'm too busy.
A. and B. so C. as D. but
答案D。but与前面形成转折，符合语意。而表并列的and， 结果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。
2) not…but… 意思为“不是……而是……”
not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。
They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.
5 表原因关系
1) for
判断改错：
(错) For he is ill, he is absent today.
(对) He is absent today, for he is ill.
for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。
2) so, therefore
He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game.
注意：
a. 两个并列连词不能连用，但therefore, then, yet.可以和并列连词连用。
You can watch TV, and or you can go to bed.
He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldn't play in the game.
b. although… yet…，但although不与 but连用。
(错) Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work..
(对) Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work.
6 比较so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副
词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much， little连用，形成固定搭配。
so + adj. such + a(n) + n.
so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. [不可数] such +n. [不可数]
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flowersuch a nice flower
so many/ few flowers such nice flowers
so much/little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。
so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。
连词英语语法知识点汇总
篇4：中考英语语法连词复习
中考英语语法：中考英语分块复习――连词
1. Usually we dont realize how important nature is to us______ it is too late.
A. unless B. until C. if D. after
2．Go to bed early，______ you wont get up on time next morning.
A．then B．and C．but D．or
3．Tony is a clever boy，______ he usually fails in Chinese exams.
A．so B．but C．or D. because
4. Could you please give me your e-mail address ____ you go?
A. as soon as B. before C. after D. until
5. Dont get off the bus ____ it has stopped .
A. until B. if C. to D. for
6. He met many problems ____ he was going over his lessons .
A. before B. as soon as C. since D. while
7. We have been good friends ____ we joined the same ping-pong team.
A. after B. before C. since D. until
8. My brother is going to look for another job______the company offers him more money．
A. after B.when C unless D．besides
9. I didnt know he came back ____ I met him in the street.
A. since B. when C. until D. after
10. -Look! Here comes our school bus.
-No hurry. Dont get on it ______it has stopped.
A. until B. after C. since D. when
11. When someone is ill, he ____ she should try to smile at life.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
12. Come ____ see my family.
A. and B. or C. but D.until
13. - How long have you known the doctor ?
- ____ he helped me three years ago.
A. When B. Before C. Because D. Since
14. Study hard, ____ youll fall behind the others.
A. and B. but C. or D. though
15．-Be careful， ____ you will make mistakes in your exams．
-I know that，Mum．One can never be too careful．
A．and B．or C．nor D．but
16．I arrived at the airport____ the plane had taken off．
A.after B．while C．when D．beflore
17.Uncle Wang gave all his savings to the Hope School____ he himself was not rich.
A.because B.as if C.though D.or
18. The dress fits me well,____ I dont want to buy it because its too expensive.
A. so B. and C. or D. but
19. English is interesting, _____ I didnt like it at first.
A. and B. so C. but D. or
20. -Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
-I will ________ Im not too busy.
A. and B. if C. so D. but
[中考英语语法连词复习]
篇5：英语语法介词语法知识点
目录
英语介词的定义
英语介词的种类
英语常用介词用法与辨析
英语介词的定义
介词是一种用来表示词与词, 或者词与句之间的关系的词，在句中不能单独作句成分。介词一定要有宾语，充当宾语的一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其它词、短语或句子，短语或从句。
英语介词的种类
(1)简单介词，如at, in off, on, by, to, with等。
(2)合成介词，如into, inside, within, throughout等。
(3)短语介词，如according to, because of, in addition to, in front of, in spite of等。
(4)二重介词，如from behind, from among, until after, at about等。
英语常用介词用法与辨析
一、表示方位的介词：in, to, on
1. in 表示在某地范围之内。如：
Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。
2. to 表示在某地范围之外。如：
Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。
3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。如：
Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。
二、表示计量的介词：at, for, by
1. at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。如：
It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。
I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。
2. for表示“用……交换，以……为代价”。如：
He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。
注意：at表示单价(price) ，for表示总钱数。
3. by表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位。如：
They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。
Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。
三、表示材料的介词：of, from, in
1. of成品仍可看出原料。如：
This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。
2. from成品已看不出原料。如：
Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。
3. in表示用某种材料或语言。如：
Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。
They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。
注意：in指用材料，不用冠词;而with指用工具，要用冠词。请比较：draw in pencil/draw with a pencil。
介词短语在句中的作用
介词不能单独在句子当中担当成分，它后面必须接名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类搭配(介词+宾语)构成介词短语;和动词搭配构成短语动词，然后才能够在句子当中充当成分。
一、介词的搭配与选择
介词不能在句子中独立充当一个成分，而需要与其后面的宾语相结合，成为介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。所以选用什么介词要根据其后面所接的宾语而定。但是，有时介词也受其前面用词的限制，因此，许多情况下也应根据介词前面的词选用相应的介词。
二、介词的语法功能
介词与其他词类或成分结合后方能在句子中充当语法成分，构成介词短语。介词短语可以作定语(须后置)、状语、表语、宾语补足语、另一个介词的宾语，间或作主语等。
例如：
The skyscraper in the distance isa five-star hotel.(定语)
Her eyes were tired from long reading.(状语)
The decision is of great importance to me.(表语)
They found the machine in a bad state.(宾语补足语)
A pretty girl appeared from behind the curtain.(介词宾语)
On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.(主语)
篇6：介词英语语法
介词英语语法
在小学英语中，介词学习的比重占了课程的很大一部分，掌握好介词也是为以后学英语奠定基础的关键之一。有些孩子由于英语介词不过关而对英语怯步，如今在小升初临门一脚时，如何不让英语介词绊倒通往中学的大道？以下就来看看，他人是如何学习英语介词的?
首先来看看，at in与on在时间方面的用法：
at表示时间的一点；in表示一个时期；on表示特殊日子。如：
He goes to school at seven o’clock in the morning. 他早晨七点上学。
Can you finish the work in two days? 你能在两天内完成这个工作吗？
Linda was born on the second of May. 琳达五月二日出生。
1>. at后常接几点几分，天明，中午，日出，日落，开始等。如：
at five o’clock （五点），at down （黎明），at daybreak （天亮），at sunrise （日出），at noon （中午），at sunset （日落），at midnight （半夜），at the beginning of the month （月初）， at that time （那时），at that moment （那会儿），at this time of day （在一天的这个时候）。
2>. in后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季节，世纪等。如：
in 2006，in May，2004 （五月），in the morning （早晨/上午），in the afternoon （下午），in the evening （晚上），in the night （夜晚），in the daytime （白天），in the 21st century （21世纪），in three days （weeks/month）三天（周/个月），in a week （一周），in spring （春季）。
3>. on后常接某日，星期几，某日或某周日的朝夕，节日等。如：
on Sunday （星期日），on a warm morning in April （四月的一个温暖的上午），on a December night （12月的一个夜晚），on that afternoon （那天下午），on the following night （下一个晚上），on Christmas afternoon （圣诞节下午），on October 1，1949 （1949年10月1日），on New Year’s Day （新年），on New Year’s Eve （除夕），on the morning of the 15th （15日的早上）等。
我们常用的方位介词有： in on to
在范围之内用in，在范围之外，如果两地接壤就用on 不接壤的用to如：
Beijing is in the north of China .
Japan is to the east of China .
Shanxi Province is on the west of Hebei Province .
更多介词如下：
表示时间：at, in, on, by, through
表示附近：near, by, beside, at
表示地点：at, in, on
表示除外：besides, except, except for, but
表示方位：in, to, on
表示上下：above, below, over, under, on, beneath
表示方式：by, through, with
表示原因：for, from, at, through, with, because of, due to, owing to, on account of, thanks to
表示价格比率对比：at, by, for, against
表示属性特性：of, with
还有：since, inside, out of, onto, into, without, instead of, from behind, until from, concerning, considering, following, including, regarding, respecting, saving等
更多介词用法如下：
1. at表示“在......处”，一般指较小的.比较具体的地点。如：He isn't at school. He is at home. 他不在学校，他在家。
2. in表示“在......内部；在......里面”的意思。如：What is in the box? 盒子里有什么？
3. on表示“在某物的上面”，但两者互相接触。如：My books are on that table. 我的书在那张桌子上。
4. under表示“在某物垂直的正下方”，两者之间不接触。如：My cat is under my chair. 我的猫在我的椅子下。
5. behind表示“在某物体的后面”。如：The broom is behind the door. 笤帚在门后。
6. in front of表示“在......的前面”，正好与behind相反。如：There are some big trees in front of our classroom. 我们教室前面有几棵大树。
7. near表示“在某物体的附近”，意为“接近、靠近”。如：The ball is near the door. 球在门旁边。
8.介词in, on, under, behind是表示静态位置的介词
篇7：中考英语语法知识点
中考最新英语语法知识点汇总
1.一般现在时的用法
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。
时间状语： every…， sometimes, at…， on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3） 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round
4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
I don’t want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
2. 一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now?
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3）句型：
It is time for sb. to do sth “到……时间了” “该……了”
It is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了” “早该……了”
It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示’宁愿某人做某事’
I’d rather you came tomorrow.
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较：
一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.
（含义：她已不在人间。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.
（含义：她现在还活着）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
（含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
（ 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）
注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Did you want anything else?
I wondered if you could help me.
2）情态动词 could, would.
Could you lend me your bike?
3. used to / be used to
used to + do:“过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。
Mother used not to be so forgetful.
Scarf used to take a walk. （过去常常散步）
be used to + doing: 对……已感到习惯，或“习惯于”,to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk.（现在习惯于散步）
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It’s 69568442.
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看 出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
4. 一般将来时
1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first.
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month.
c. 有迹象要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
5. be going to / will
用于条件句时， be going to 表将来
will 表意愿
If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it a s soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
6. be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。
be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. （客观安排）
I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. （主观安排）
7. 一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.
2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.
3）在时间或条件句中。
When Bill comes （不是will come）， ask him to wait for me.
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。
I hope they have a nice time next week.
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
11. 用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time… that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。
This is the best film that I’ve （ever） seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the first time （that） I’ve heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
典型例题
（1） ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B.
（2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it’s the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的'状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.
12. 比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was born
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.
Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.
I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.
I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years.
（我现在已不在这里工作。）
I have worked here for many years.
（现在我仍在这里工作。）
小窍门： 当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。
1） （对） Tom has studied Russian for three years.
= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2） （错） Harry has got married for six years.
= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
13. since的四种用法
1） since +过去一个时间点 （如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。
I have been here since 1989.
2） since +一段时间+ ago
I have been here since five months ago.
3） since +从句
Great changes have taken place since you left.
Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.
4） It is +一段时间+ since从句
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
被动语态的几种类型
1）主语句中有一个宾语的被动语态，如：
He saw her in the shop yesterday.
She was seen in the shop yesterday.
2） 主语有两个宾语的被动语态
Li Lei gave me a chemistry book.
I was given a chemistry book by Li Lei.
A chemistry book was given to me by Li Lei.
3）主动句中含宾语补足语的句子的被动语态
若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加“to”.此类动词为
感官动词：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
-->I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）。
We saw him play football on the playground.
-->He was seen to play football on the playground.
若宾语补足语是带to的不定式，那么被动语态仍保留to:
Mother told me not to be late
I was told not to be late by mother.
5）情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.
6）表示“据说”或“相信” 的词组
n believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand
It is said that… 据说
It is reported that… 据报道
It is believed that… 大家相信
It is hoped that… 大家希望
It is well known that… 众所周知
It is thought that… 大家认为
It is suggested that… 据建议
It is taken granted that… 被视为当然
It has been decided that… 大家决定
It must be remember that…务必记住的是
It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.
14. 延续动词与瞬间动词
1） 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果）
I’ve known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）
2） 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……” 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示“到……，才……”
He didn’t come back until ten o’clock.
他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o’clock.
他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don’t need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
2.---I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现
15. 不定式作宾语
1） 动词+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
举例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2）动词+不定式 ; 动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3） 动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
注意：疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。
The question is how to put it into practice.
问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
2. 不定式作补语
1） 动词+宾语+不定式（to do）
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
例句：
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
b. We believe him to be guilty.
我们相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法：
Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get,have.
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
典型例题：
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed,dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2） to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare（声称）， discover, fancy（设想）， feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see（理解）， show, suppose, take（以为）， understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
典型例题
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C.
3） to be +形容词
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人们认为这本书没什么意思。
4） there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。
注意 : 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
16. 不定式作主语
1） It’s easy （for me） to do that.我做这事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It’s so nice to hear your voice.
听到你的声音真高兴。
It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
2） It’s very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate（考虑周到的）， silly, selfish（自私的）
例句：
It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
注意：1） 其他系动词如，look,appear等也可用于此句型
2） 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。
3） 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型
（对）To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
（错）It is to believe to see.
4. It’s for sb.和 It’s of sb.
1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right.
It’s very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
for 与of 的辨别方法：
用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for.如：
You are nice. （通顺，所以应用of）。
He is hard. （人是困难的，不通，因此应用for.）
3） 祁使句（Imperative Sentence）
祈使句往往是用来表示说话人的请求、命令、要求、建议，等等。祈使句的主语常被省略，因为这个主语很明确地是听话人“you”.当然，有时为了强调或表示某种感情，句子也会带上主语。
祈使句的谓语用动词原形；它的否定形式是句首用Don't + 动词原形，或是Not to + 动词原形。例如：
Be quiet , please ! （大家）请安静。
Stand up ! 起立！
Don't smoke in the office . 请不要在办公室吸烟。
Don't be standing in the rain . 别站在雨里。
Not to be careless when you're driving a car . 开车时不要粗心大意。
4） 感叹句（Exclamatory Sentence）
感叹句表示说话人的喜悦、气愤、惊讶等强烈的情绪。这类句子中，有很多是由What或How引起的。What 用来强调名词，How则强调形容词、副词或动词。这类句子的构成只需将所强调或是说，所感叹的对象放到句首；句子无需倒装，句子要用正常语序。 当然，如果不用这种句型，而句子（无论是那种句子）本身又表示了上述的种种情绪，那么该句也就成了感叹句。例如：
What a fine day it is today ! 今天天气多好啊！
How fine it is today ! 今天天气多好啊！
What a lovely son you have !你有个多可爱的儿子啊！
How lovely your son is ! 你的儿子多可爱
★ 英语介词知识点的
★ 中考英语语法总结
★ 中考知识点
★ 中考化学知识点
★ 介词短语
中考英语语法知识点：介词和连词（锦集7篇）
