语法复习十二：非谓语动词（一）--动词不定式

【导语】“sixiao”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了7篇语法复习十二：非谓语动词（一）--动词不定式，下面是小编整理后的语法复习十二：非谓语动词（一）--动词不定式，欢迎您阅读分享借鉴，希望对您有所帮助。

篇1：语法复习十二：非谓语动词（一）--动词不定式

动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。非谓语动词形式多样，应用广泛，且在句中起着很活跃的作用，也是语法项目中的重点和难点，学好非谓语动词，才能正确进行口语和书面的交流。

动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用，所以叫做非谓语动词。

（一）动词不定式：

动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。

1、动词不定式的形式变化：动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。

语态式 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式

主 动 to build to have built to be building to have been building

被 动 to be build to have been build

2、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如：

（1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.

（2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up… 为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式 to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。

（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next?

（4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street.

（5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way.

（6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.

（7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语： Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式，表示“足能…”的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now.

3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him every day.

4、疑问词 + 动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.

5、动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成，如：It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting.

6、动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：（1）一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如：I am sorryto have kept you waiting.（3）进行式：动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.

7、动词不定式的被动语态用法：如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般就用被动语态形式，如：What is to be done next hasn’t been decided yet.

练习、非谓语动词（一）

1. ---- Can you ride a horse? ---- No, I never had the chance ____.

A. for learning it B. for learning how C. how to learn it D. to learn how

2. Paul said, “Give me a chair _____.”

A. to sit B. sit C. sit on D. to sit on

3. I ran too fast ______ where I was going.

A. to notice B. for me to notice C. to notice for me D. and notice

4. ---- Have you enjoyed your visit here? ---- Yes, I'll be very sorry______ .

A. for leaving B.of leaving C. to leave D. with leaving

5. ---- I'll help you whenever you need me. ---- Good. I'd like _____me tomorrow.

A. you helping B. that you will help C. you to help D. that you help

6. ---- I didn't hear you come in last night. ---- That's good. We tried_____ noisy.

A. not be B. not to be C. to be not D. to not be

7. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still ______.

A. a good place which to be lived in B. lived as a good place

C. a good place to live in D. living in as a good place

8. ---- Why was the official meeting called? ---- ______ new officers.

A. Select B. Selecting C. To select D. For selecting

9. ---- Where did he go? ---- He went to another store ______.

A. to buy pencils B. for buying pencils C. buy pencils D. buying pencils

10. ---- My baby has a heart trouble. ---- Did the doctor find it difficult ______ ?

A. in treating B. treating C. for treating D. to treat

11. ---- Did the judge ask you many questions? ---- Yes, and ______.

A. they were difficult to be answered B. to answer them was to be difficult

C. they were difficult to answer D. they had difficulty in answering

12. That beggar seems _____ anything yesterday.

A. not to have eaten B. not to eat C. didn't eat D. to not have eaten

13. The lost child desired nothing but _____ home.

A. go B. to go C. going . D. went

14.That box is____.

A. too heavy for me to carry B. too heavy for me to carry it

C. so heavy for me to carry D. very heavy for me to carry

15. Would you be ______ to do me a favour, please?

A. so kind as . B. too kind C. as kind as D. enough kind

16. To learn to speak English well,_____.

A. much practice is needed B. one needs much practice

C. much practice is needed by one D. one is needed much practice

17. Tom kept quiet about the accident ______ lose his job.

A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to

18. Last summer I took a course on ______ .

A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made

C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made

19. The house is not large enough ____ .

A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living

20. Nobody likes ______.

A. to speak ill of B. to be spoken ill of C. speaking ill of D. spoken ill of

21. I know him ______ a good football player while in college.

A. to have been B. to be C. was D. had been

22. I was surprised______.

A. watching him to eat so quickly B. watch him eat so quickly

C. watching him eat so quickly D. to watch him eat so quickly

23. Mr. White was seen ______ the Palace Museum.

A. enter B. to enter C. entered D. to entering

24. I saw Mary ____ the house.

A. open the door and go into B. to open the door and to go into

C. open the door and to go into D. open the door and went into

25. Paul does nothing but _____ all day long.

A. play B. to play C. playing D. played

26. Now we could not do anything but ______ for him here.

A. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait

27. I don't know her and I don't ______ .

A. want B. want to C. want it D. to want

28. ---- Go to the theatre with me, will you? ---- I should like ______, but I don't have time.

A. to B. too C. to do D. to go to

29. To play fair is as important as ______.

A. to play well B. play well C. we play well D. playing well

30. It is the greatest happiness on earth ______.

A. loving and to be loved B. to love and being loved

C. to love and to be loved D. love and be loved

31. _____ is better to love than _____ .

A. That, to be loved B. That, be loved C. It, be loved D. It, to be loved

32. It's very foolish _____ it?

A. for you to say B. of you to say C. with you saying D. in your saying

33. It ______ me two hours to find your new house.

A. cost B. took C. spent D. used

34. We did not expect our offer _____ so quickly.

A. rejected B. to reject . C. to be rejected D. rejecting

35. He told her ______ there at once.

A. get B. gets C. should get D. to get

36. We all think it most foolish ______ this mistake.

A. for you making B. of you to make C. you to make D. for you to make

37. I really don't know ____ .

A. to swim B. how to swim C. to swim how D. how swim

38. ---- What do you think about English? ---- It's a difficult language _____.

A. speaking B. to be spoken C. to speak D. spoken

篇2：复习--非谓语动词

I. 分词的归纳与总结

A. –ing结构做定语后置

Do you know the woman talking to Tom?

Who were those people waiting outside?

The road joining two villages is very narrow.

I live in a pleasant room overlooking the garden.

There were some children swimming in the river.

B. 以-ing or –ed 结尾的形容词做表语

Jane is bored because her job is boring.

Jane’s job is boring, so Jane is bored.

以-ing结尾的形容词表达事物给人的感觉，以–ed 结尾的形容词表达人对事物的感觉。又如：

Julia thinks politics is very interesting.

The film was disappointing. I expected it to be much better.

We were shocked when we heard the news.

Everybody was surprised that he passed the exam.

C. 动词或介词+ing做宾语

a）在下列词后的动词要用-ing形式

enjoy, stop, finish, consider, avoid, practise, suggest, mind, risk, keep, appreciate, admit, miss, delay, etc.

I enjoy dancing.

Would you mind closing the window?

Amy suggested going to the cinema.

Don’t keep interrupting me while I am speaking.

b）介词(in, for, about, before, …)+ing

What are the advantages of having a car?

How about playing tennis tomorrow?

I bought a new bicycle instead of going away on holiday.

Before going out, I phoned Sarah.

What did you do after leaving school?

c）动词+介词的词组+ing

I am thinking of buying a house.

Do you feel like going out for dinner tonight?

I am used to driving on the left because I’ve lived in Britain for a long time.

Are you looking forward to seeing Ann again?

I prefer driving to travelling by train.

这类的词组有give up, put off, carry on, succeed in, dream of, insist on 等

D. 动词-ing形式做宾语补足语

I saw him walking along the street at night yesterday.

I could hear it raining.

I found Sue in my room reading a letter.

类似的词还有：feel, listen to, look at, notice, watch, observe, etc

E. –ing 从句做状语

Jim hurt his arm playing tennis. (=while he was playing)

A man ran out of the house shouting. (=he ran out of the house and he was shouting)

Having finished her work, she went home. (=after she had finished her work, she went home)

Feeling tired, I went to bed early. (=because I felt tired, I went to bed early)

Having already seen the film twice, I didn’t want to go to the cinema. (=because I had already seen it twice, I …)

II. 不定式的基本结构

A. 结构 主动形式 被动形式

一般式 to do to be done

进行式 to be doing --------

完成式 to have done to have been done

B. 例句

（1）The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. （定语）

（2）They decided to finish the job on time. （宾语）

（3）I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. （宾补）

（4）He was the best man to do the job. （宾补）

（5）They went there to visit their teacher. (状语)

（6）My question is how to find out some useful information. （疑问词引导）

附： 动词搭配表

I. v. + to do

1.wish to do 2.hope to do

3.promise to do 4.decide to do

5.refuse to do 6.agree to do

7.expect to do 8.manage to do

9.fail to do 10.prefer to do

11.plan to do 12.want to do

13.ought to do 14.have to do

15.used to do/be use to do 16.seem to do

17.would like to do 18.in order to do

19.so as to do 20.set out to do

21.make up one's mind to do 22.take trouble to do

23.It takes sb. some time to do 24.be going to do

25.be about to do 26.happen to do

27.pretend to do/to have done/to be doing

28.be thought/believed /said /reported to do

29.have no choice but to do

II. v. +adj. + to do

1. be willing to do 2. be likely to do

3. be able to do 4. too ... to do

5. be glad to do 6. be determined to do

7. be ready to do 8. be sure to do

9. be pleased to do 10. be afraid to do

11. be surprised to do 12. be eager to do

13. be anxious to do

14. It is important/necessary...for sb. to do

15. be...enough(for sb.) to do 16.be the first/last to do

17. be careful not to do/take care not to do

III. v.+ sb. + to do

1. help sb. to do 2. order sb. to do

3. tell sb. to do 4. wish sb. to do

5. want sb. to do 6. force sb. to do

7. get sb. to do 8. drive sb. to do

9. forbid sb. to do 10. cause sb. to do

11. allow sb. to do 12. permit sb. to do

13. persuade sb. to do 14. advise sb. to do

15. invite sb. to do 16. prefer sb. to do

17. require sb. to do 18. call on sb. to do

19. It cost sb. some money to do 20. think/consider sb. to be

IV. v.+ sb. / sth.+ do/ doing / done

1. see 2. hear 3. notice 4. watch 5. listen to 6. look at

7. feel 8. have 9. observe

e.g. I saw him come in. He was seen to come in.

him working

the problem settled

V. v. + do

1.can, may, must, should, need, will, dare

2.please do 3. had better do 4. would rather do...(than do)

5.why (not) do 6.let/make/have sb. do

7.have nothing to do but do

There is nothing to do but do They could do nothing but do

VI. v.+ doing

1.enjoy doing 2.risk doing

3.avoid doing 4.keep doing

5.practise doing

6.suggest doing / sb.'s doing / that sb.(should) do

7.miss doing 8. finish doing

9. allow / permit doing 10. delay doing

11.resist doing 12. consider doing

13. mind doing / sb.'s doing / if sb. do

14. imagine doing 15. keep on doing

16. go on doing 17. insist on doing

18. be busy doing 19. set about doing

20. give up doing 21. feel like doing

22. can't help doing

23. spend/save/waste/kill/time (in) doing

24. It is no use/good doing

25. prefer doing to doing

26. look forward to doing

27. succeed in doing

28. be afraid of doing

29. have trouble/difficulty (in) doing

30 There is trouble / difficulty (in) doing

31. prevent / keep /stop sb. from doing

32. thank you for doing

33. praise sb. for doing

34. punish sb. for doing

35. excuse sb. for doing / sb.'s doing

36. apologize for doing

37. be (well) worth doing / be worthy of being done / be worthy to be done

38. want / need / require doing

e.g. The boy wanted to wash his handkerchief./ The boy wanted washing.

I need to buy a new pair of trousers. / The trousers need mending.

39. do some reading/washing/cleaning/shopping/cooking/more speaking

40. go swimming/dancing/shopping/skating/boating/sightseeing/skiing

VII. v.+ to do / doing

A. 意义差别不大

begin/start e.g. When shall we start working/to work?

Suddenly it started to rain.

Now he began to realize/know his mistakes.

B.接doing表示一般情况,接to do表示具体

1. like/love e.g. I like swimming. But I don't like to swim this afternoon.

2. hate e.g. I hate getting up early. I hate to get up at this time.

3. prefer e.g. He prefers doing to talking.

I'd prefer to go by bike rather than walk this time.

C. 接doing表示已完成的动作,接to do表示未做的动作

1. remember e.g. Remember to close the window before you leave.

I remember being taken to the Great Wall when I was young.

2.forget e.g. Don't forget to lock the door.

I'll never forget meeting him for the first time.

D.意义有差别

1. try e.g. He tried to escape but he was caught.

He try unlocking the door with another key.

2. stop e.g. Stop talking, please. Let's stop to work.

3. regret e.g. I regret to say/tell you/inform you that you failed in the test.

How I regret telling him the news.

4.mean e.g. I'm sorry if I have hurt your feeling. But I didn't mean to.

The incident probably means war/fighting between the two nations.

5. go on

e.g. After he had finished his homework, he went on to write a letter.

Having been put into prison, he went on writing songs.

6. be afraid to do/of doing

e.g. I’m afraid to go out at night.

Most people are afraid of snakes.

Don’t be afraid of making mistakes when learning a foreign language.

【模拟试题】

1. ____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (NMET96, 23)

A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost

2. The patient was warned __________oily food after the operation. (NMET 96)

A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating

3. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776B.C., did not include women players until 1912. (NMET97)

A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing

4. I would love _______to the party last night but I have to work extra hours to finish a report.(NMET 97)

A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone

5. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. (NMET98,23)

A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay

6. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” (NMET99,25)

A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading

7. Robert is said __________abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. (NMET 99)

A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying

8. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _________it more difficult.(NMET 99)

A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make

9. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ________in my new job. (NMET春北京 00)

A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects

10. __________late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (NMET01)

A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep

11. Tony was very unhappy for ___________to the party. (2000上海，40)

A. having not been invited B. not having invited

C. having not invited D. not having been invited

12. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _________the next year. (NMET2000, 22)

A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out

13. I really appreciate ________to relax with you on this nice island.

A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time

14. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears __________everything. (2001 上海)

A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told

15. ____________to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. (2002 上海)

A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed

16. ---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

---The key ________the problem is to meet the demand _________by the customers.

(NMET2002 北京)

A. to solving, making B. to solving, made

C. to solve, making D. to solve, made

17. The research is so designed that once _________nothing can be done to change it.

(NMET2002)

A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun

18. Generally speaking, ________according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

(2003 上海)

A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken

19. The teacher asked us ________so much noise. (NMET2003 北京)

A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make

20. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________in the kitchen. (NMET2003)

A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked

21. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain __________as the plane was making a landing. (2004春季上海)

A. at B. seating C. seated D. to be seating

22. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents___________. (NMET2004 重庆)

A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry

23. ____________the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.

(NMET2004广东)

A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed

D. Having not completed

24. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________the exam. (NMET2004 福建)

A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing

25. The flowers _________sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of name.

(2004 上海)

A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt

26. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when __________ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET2004全国)

A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned

27. He looked around and caught a man ________his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting

28. This company was the first ________portable radios as well as cassette tapes recorders in the world. (2005春上海)

A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced

29. ___________with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. (NMET2005 春季北京)

A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing

30. The storm left, ____________a lot of damage to this area. (NMET2005全国)

A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused

【试题答案】

1-5 CCCDC 6-10 DABCA 11-15 DCBDC 16-20 BDBDB

21-25 CACDB 26-30CDBCD

篇3：语法-动词不定式

afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake

举例：

the driver failed to see the other car in time.

司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

i happen to know the answer to your question.

我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。

2）动词+不定式 ； 动词+宾语+不定式

ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…

i like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。

i like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。

i want to speak to tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。

i want you to speak to tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。

3） 动词+疑问词+ to

decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell

please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。

there are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that i can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。

注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。

the question is how to put it into practice.

问题是怎样把它付诸实施。

7.2 不定式作补语

1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)

advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn

例句：

a. father will not allow us to play on the street.

父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。

b. we believe him to be guilty.

我们相信他是有罪的。

find 的特殊用法：

find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。

i found him lying on the ground.

i found it important to learn.

i found that to learn english is important.

典型例题:

the next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.

a. lying b. lie c. lay d. laying

答案：a.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。

2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。

acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand

we consider tom to be one of the best students in our class.

我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。

典型例题

charles babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.

a. to invent b. inventing c. to have invented d. having invented

答案：a. 由consider to do sth. 排除b、d。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而c为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选c。

3) to be +形容词

seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…

the book is believed to be uninteresting.

人们认为这本书没什么意思。

4) there be+不定式

believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand

we didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。

注意 ： 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.

we regard tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。

mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。

7.3 不定式主语

1） it's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了

easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;

the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough

it's so nice to hear your voice.

听到你的声音真高兴。

it's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。

2) it's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。

kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)

例句:

it was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。

it seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。

注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型

2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。

3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用it is… to…的句型

(对)to see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。

(错)it is to believe to see.

7.4 it's for sb.和 it's of sb.

1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：

it's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

it's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

for 与of 的辨别方法：

用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：

you are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。

he is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)

7.5 不定式作表语

不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：

my work is to clean the room every day.

his dream is to be a doctor.

7.6 不定式作定语

不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：

i have a lot of work to do.

so he made some candles to give light.

7.7 不定式作状语

1）目的状语

to… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)

he ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。

i come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。

2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。

what have i said to make you angry.

he searched the room only to find nothing.

3) 表原因

i'm glad to see you.

典型例题

the chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.

a. sit b. sit on c. be seat d. be sat on

答案：b. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于“形容词+动词不定式”结构的末尾。

7.8 用作介词的to

to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形； 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：

admit to承认， confess to承认，

be accustomed to习惯于， be used to习惯于， stick to 坚持， turn to开始，着手于， devote oneself to 献身于， be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望， pay attention to 注意

7.9 省to 的动词不定式

1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：

2） 使役动词 let, have, make：

3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。

注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。

i saw him dance.

=he was seen to dance.

the boss made them work the whole night.

=they were made to work the whole night.

4） would rather，had better：

5） why… / why not…：

6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：

7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。

8） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：

9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：

he is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。

举例：

he wants to move to france and marry the girl.

he wants to do nothing but go out.

比较： he wants to do nothing but go out.

he wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.

典型例题

1) ---- i usually go there by train.

---- why not ___ by boat for a change?

a. to try going b. trying to go c. to try and go d. try going

答案：d. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选d。

2） paul doesn't have to be made ___. he always works hard.

a. learn b. to learn c. learned d. learning

答案：b. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。

7.10 动词不定式的否定式

tell him not to shut the window…

she pretended not to see me when i passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。

典型例题

1）tell him ___ the window.

a. to shut not b. not to shut c. to not shut

d. not shut

答案：b。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.

2) she pretended ___ me when i passed by.

a. not to see b. not seeing c. to not see

d. having not seen

答案：a。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。

3）mrs. smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.

a. never to drive b. to never driver

c. never driving d. never drive

答案：a。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never.

4) the boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.

a. not to b. not to do c. not do it

d. do not to

答案：a。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此b，d不对。

5) the patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.

a. to eat no b. eating not c. not to eat

d. not eating

答案：c。warn一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to do。

7.11 不定式的特殊句型too…to…

1）too…to 太…以至于…

he is too excited to speak.

他太激动了，说不出话来。

---- can i help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?

---- well, i'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。

2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为“不太”。

it's never too late to mend. (谚语)

改过不嫌晚。

3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。

i'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。

he was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。

7.12 不定式的特殊句型so as to

1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。

tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.

汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。

go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.

轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。

2) so kind as to ---劳驾

would you be so kind as to tell me the time?

劳驾，现在几点了。

7.13 不定式的特殊句型why not

“why not +动词原形”表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：“为什么不……?” “干吗不……?”

例如：

why not take a holiday?

干吗不去度假?

7.14 不定式的时态和语态

时态\\语态 主动 被动

一般式to doto be done

进行式to be doing

完成式to have done to have been done

完成进行式 to have been doing

1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。

he seems to know this.

i hope to see you again. = i hope that i'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。

2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

i'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

he seems to have caught a cold.

3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。

he seems to be eating something.

4) 完成进行时：

she is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

7.15 动名词与不定式

1） 动名词与不定式的区别：

动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的

不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的

2） 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。

3） 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：

1 stop to do stop doing

2 forget to do forget doing

3 remember to do remember doing

4 regret to do regret doing

5 cease to do cease doing

6 try to dotry doing

7 go on to do go on doing

8 afraid to do afraid doing

9 interested to do interested doing

10 mean to domean doing

11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing

篇4：语法教案：非谓语动词

分类说明

非谓语动词包括三种形式：动词不定式、动词的-ing形式及动词的过去分词。所谓非渭语动词，它虽不具有动词的性质，即在句子中充当谓语，但仍然具有动词的特征，即可带有本身宾语或状语构成非谓语动词短语，在句子中作除谓语以外的任何成分。

在非谓语动词的复习中须注意：

1，非谓语动词的否定式

不定式的否定式是在不定式to前加not，如：not to go there；动词-ing形式及过去分词的否定式是在动词-ing形式及过去分词之前加not，如：not knowing about it，not having got it。not informed。

2．非谓语动词的逻辑主语

动词不定式、动词的-ing形式作主语时，可以没有自己的主语，也可带有自己的主语。动词不定式的主语一般用介词for／of接代词的宾格或名词，成为It’s +adj．+for／of sb．to do sth．形式；动词的-ing形式的主语一般用形容词性物主代词或名词的所有格。

动词不定式、动词的-ing形式作宾语时，它们的逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语。但

动词的-ing形式可以有自己的逻辑主语，其形式一般为代词的宾格、名词的普通格名词的所有格。

动词不定式、动词的．ing形式及动词的过去分词作状语时，它们的逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语。当非谓语动词的动作是句子主语发出的时，用主动形式；当非谓语动词的动作是句子主语所承受的时，用过去分词、不定式或动词的-ing形式的被动形式；当动词不定式、动词的．ing形式或过去分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，前面可用代词的主格或名词的普通格作逻辑主语，从而形成独立主格结构。

动词不定式、动词的．ing形式及动词的过去分词作状语时，有的已经从非谓语动词中游离出来而成为固定的短语，从而没有自己的逻辑主语，如：judging by／from，provided／providing，given，to be true，tell you the truth，let alone…

3．非谓语动词的时态

动词不定式一般表示发生在谓语动作之后的事情，若要表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的事情，须用不定式的完成式；动词的-ing形式一般表与谓语动词动作同时进行的动作，若要表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的事情，须用动词的-ing形式的完成式。

4．非谓语动词的应用

(1)作主语：动词不定式作主语表示特定的、一次性的事情；动词的-ing形式作主语表示经常性的、习惯性或职业性的事情。

(2)作宾语：熟悉并掌握哪些动词接不定式作宾语；哪些动词或短语接动词的-ing形式作宾语；哪些动词或短语既可接动词不定式又可接动词的-ing形式作宾语。need，want，require接动词的．ing形式作宾语，表被动意义，相当于接不定式的被动形式。

(3)作表语：动词不定式表示某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为；动词的-ing形式并不强调动作，而只说明动作的名称。

(4)作宾语补足语：熟悉并掌握哪些动词或短语接不定式作宾语补足语；哪些动词或短语接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语；哪些动词或短语既可接动词的-ing形式又可接不定式作宾语补足语；何时用主动形式作宾语补足语，何时用被动形式或过去分词作宾语补足语。

(5)作定语：A．注意非谓语动词的形式：不定式作定语一般用主动式，只有当不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语或宾语时，才用被动式；动词的一ing形式、过去分词作定语时，如果动作是所修饰的词发出的，就用动词的．ing形式；如果动作是所修饰的词承受的，就用过去分词。B．非谓语动词的位置：不定式、动词的．ing形式及过去分词短语作定语时，都要放在所修饰的词之后；单个的动词的．ing形式或过去分词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的词之前。

特别需注意：N．+doing +n．／N．+done +n．的区别：动作由名词发出或是名词的目的或内容时用-ing形式，如：an English speaking country，Tree Planting Day；动作是名词承受的时用过去分词，如：a horse driven car，mall．made satellites。

不及物动词的不定式作定语，与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，不及物动词后面的介词不能丢。

(6)作状语：A．注意句子的主语跟非谓语动词动作的关系；B．非谓语动词起相同作用时的区别，如：不定式、动词的-ing形式都能表示结果，但不定式一般表示出乎意料的结果，不定式前面常用only，never等词修饰；而动词的．ing形式表示一种事情发展的自然或必然的结果。不定式、动词的-ing形式都能表示目的，但不定式作目的状语时，一般位于句首，若位于句末时不能用逗号将它与句子分开；动词的-ing形式表示目的时．一般位于句尾，并且常用逗号将它与句子分开。

5．不定式to的省略

(1)动词see，watch，hear，feel，notice，observe，look at．1isten to．1et，have，make接不定式作宾补时，不定式的to应省略，但句子变为被动语态时，不定式的to不能省略。

(2)and，but等连接两个不定式时，若and，but等前面有do的某种形式时，后面不、定式的to应省略。

(3)不定式作表语时，若主语中有do的某种形式，表谓不定式的to应省略。

回放真题

真题1(2004甘肃、青海卷25)

It shames me to say it，but I told a lie when ________at the meeting by my boss．

A．questioning B．having questioned C．questioned D．to be questioned

【答案及解析】 C根据非谓语动词的动作与句子主语的关系，可排除选项A、B；根据句子谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作先后关系，答案选c，表被动及完成。

真题2(2004甘肃、青海卷27)

Alice returned from the manager’s office，________me that the boss wanted to see me at once．

A．having told B．tells C．to tell D．telling

【答案及解析】D根据句子结构排除选项B；根据句子谓语动词所表示的动作与非谓语动词所表示的动作的时间顺序，答案选D。

真题3(2004重庆卷30)

Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _______.

A．worried B．to worry C．worrying D．worry

【答案及解析】A get接宾语补足语表宾语的动作、状态、身份等。宾语与补足语是被动的主谓关系，而过去分词正好表被动意义。get sb worried意思是：让某人担忧。

真题4(2004广东卷26)

________the programme，they have to stay there for another two weeks．

A. Not completing B．Not completed

C．Not having completed D．Having not completed

【答案及解析】 C根据非谓语动词的否定形式的构成，排除选项D；根据非谓语动词与句子主语的关系，排除B；根据句子的意思，没有完成计划的动作应发生在have to stay动作之前，故答案选C。

真题5(2004福建卷27)

The news reporters hurried to the airport，only ________the film stars had left．

A．to tell B．to be told C．telling D．told

【答案及解析】 B 根据句子的意思，记者们赶到机场时发现意外的结果．因此，排除C、D；根据与句子的关系，不是记者告诉他人，而是人家告诉记者，故答案选B。

真题6(2004福建卷34)

Having been ill in bed for nearly a month，he had a hard time ________the exam．

A．pass B．to pass C．passed D．passing

【答案及解析】D have a hard time(in)doing sth．意思是：在……方面有困难。

真题7(2004湖北卷28)

________with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at a11．

A. Compare B．When comparing C．Comparing D．When compared

【答案及解析】D根据句子结构，排除选项A；根据动词与主句主语的关系，排除选项B、C；故答案选D。

真题8(2004辽宁卷25)

I don t know whether you happen ________，but I’m going to study in the U．S．A．this September．

A. to be heard B．to be heating C．to hear D．to have heard

【答案及解析】D根据后半句的内容，“我”将去美国学习，可知前半句是问对方是否已听说过“我”的事情了。故答案选D，表示在此之前。

真题9(2004辽宁卷30)

________by the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm．

A．Attracting B．Attracted C．To be attracted D．Having attracted

【答案及解析】 B根据动词与句子的主语的关系，女孩被吸引，从而排除选项A、D；再根据时间关系，C表示将来的情况，而句子是过去的事实，答案选B。

真题10(2004浙江卷29)

Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company，________as 3M．

A. knowing B．known C．being known D．to be known

【答案及解析】 B分词形式作定语，grow为及物动词，不带宾语，故选B。

真题11(2004浙江卷32)

I’ve never seen anyone run so fast ________David go．

A．just watch B．just to watch

C．just watching D．just having watched

【答案及解析】A根据破折号及just的用法，故采用祈使句形式，答案选A。

真题12(2004江苏卷25)

The man insisted ________ a taxi for me even though I told him l lived nearby．

A．find B．to find C．on finding D．in finding

【答案及解析】 C insist on doing sth是个固定短语，意为坚持做某事。

真题13(2004广西卷22)

Helen had to shout above the sound of the music．

A．making herself hear B．to make herself hear

C．making herself heard D．to make herself heard

【答案及解析】D短语作状语表结果、伴随、原因等，但若表目的，应用动词不定式。本题意为：为了能让自己被人听见，Helen只好大喊。Make oneself done意为：让自己被……，故D为正确答案。

真题14(2004广西卷31)

Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV；there are pictures ________in your mind instead of before your eyes．

A．to form B．form C．forming D．having formed

【答案及解析】C forming在句中作定语。Forming in your mind=which forms in your mind．

真题15(2004江苏卷31)

The old man，________abroad for twenty years，is on the way back to his motherland．

A．to work B．working C．to have worked D．having worked

【答案及解析】 D现在分词完成式表主动和完成(到谓语动作发生时，非谓语的动作已完成)。

真题16(2004全国[河南、河北、山东、福建]28)

Sarah．hurry up．I’m afraid you can’t have time to ________before the party．

A．get changed B．get change C．get changing D．get to change

【答案及解析】A不定式短语作目的状语，而根据句子的意思，从句的主语you不是给人家更衣，而是给自己更衣，它是不定式动作的承受者，故答案选A，表示被动语态。意思是：没有时间来更衣了。

真题17(2004四川卷28)

“We can’t go out in this weather，”said Bob，________out of the window．

A．1ooking B．to look C．looked D．having looked

【答案及解析】A现在分词一般式表伴随，表Bob说话的同时往窗口外望；B表示未发生的动作；C表示完成；D表示动作发生在said之前，都不符题意，故答案选A。

真题18(2004上海卷27)

According to a recent U．S．survey，children spent up to 25 hours a week ________TV．

A．to watch B．to watching C．watching D．watch

【答案及解析】C spend的用法：spend some time／some money in doing sth。

真题19(2004上海卷33)

The flu is believed ________by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat．

A．causing B．being caused C．to be caused D．be have caused

【答案及解析】c不定式作补足语时，如果不定式的动作是前面名词或代词发出，用主动形式；若前面名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式用被动语态。因此答案选C。

真题20(2004上海卷34)

The flowers _________sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature．

A．to smell B．smelling C．smelt D．to be smelt

【答案及解析】 B现在分词作定语，说明被修饰词目前的性质，状态、动作等。

真题21(2004上海卷35)

The disc，digitally _____in the studio，sounded fantastic at the party that night．

A．recorded B．recording C．to be recorded D．having recorded

【答案及解析】A动词的-ing表示主动，意思是前面名词所发出的动作，说明当前的性质、状态或动作；过去分词表被动或完成；不定式表将来；动词的-ing的完成时指动作发生在句子动作之前，也表主动。根据本题意思，正确答案为A，表示被录制的唱片。

真题22(2004上海卷42)

Having been attacked by terrorists，________．

A．doctors came to their rescue B．the tall building collapsed

C．an emergency measure was taken D．warnings were given to tourists

【答案及解析】 B分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。由前面分词的语态可知，句子的主语应该是the tall building，因此答案选B。

真题23(2004上海卷49)

Some people like dinking coffee，for it has ________effects．

A．promoting B．stimulating C．enhancing D．encouraging

【答案及解析】 B promoting：提升的，enhancing：加强的，encouraging：鼓励的，与题意不符。只有B表有刺激性的，能说明咖啡有刺激作用。故答案为B。

真题24(2004天津卷34)

Don’t leave the water ________while you brush your teeth．

A．run B．running C．being run D．to run

【答案及解析】 B非谓语动词作宾语补足语时，选项A、D表示将来可能的动作；B、C表示一直不停的动作，而B表示宾语发出的动作，c表示宾语承受的动作。根据句子意思，答案选B，指水不停地流出。

真题25(2004北京卷23)

My advisor encouraged--a summer course to improve my writing skills．

A．for me to take B．me taking C．for me to take D．me to take

【答案及解析】D考查动词encourage sb．to do sth．的结构。意思是：我的顾问鼓励我去参加暑季课程以提高我的写作技巧。

真题26(2004北京卷29)

________in the queue for half an hour，Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home．

A．To wait B．Have waited C．Having waited D．To have waited

【答案及解析】 C考查分词短语作状语。当Tom意识到钱包忘在家里时，已经排队等了半小时。因此，答案选C，表示分词的动作发生在句子谓语动词的动作之前。

真题27(2004湖南卷33)

You were silly not ________your car．

A．to lock B．to have locked C．1ocking D．having locked

【答案及解析】 B考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知：这是对已发事故的责备，没有锁车的行为发生在责备之前，应该用完成式，排除A、C；再根据非谓语动词的含义，不定式表示某具体的事情，而动词的-ing形式表示经常性或习惯性的行为，从而可推知答案选B。

真题28(2004北京春季卷32)

He looked around and caught a man ________his hand into the pocket of a passenger．

A．put B．to be putting C．to put D．putting

【答案及解析】D catch sb doing sth意为发觉某人正在做某事，doing sth在此用作宾补。选项A表示前面名词所承受的动作，不妥；选项B表示将来某个时候正在做的事情；选项c表示事情还没有做，都不合情理。

真题29(2004上海春季卷35)

I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon．Do you have anything ________?

A．to be buying B．to buy C．for buying D．bought

【答案及解析】B 动词不定式作定语，当它的逻辑主语为句子的主语时，用主动形式。

真题30(2004上海春季卷39)

The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________as the plane was making a landing．

A．seat B．seating C．seated D．to be seating

【答案及解析】C remain可作连系动词，相当于be。再看seat的用法：seat oneself in／on／at…可转化为：sb be seated in／on／at…。

真题31(2004上海春季卷40)

Victor apologized for ________to inform me of the change in the plan-

A．his being not able B．him not to be able

C．his not being able D．him to be not able

【答案及解析】C首先，apologize的句法结构为apologize for one’s／sb doing sth，于是排除B、D，再看非谓语动词的否定式：否定词必须在非谓语动词的前面。故答案选C。

真题32(2004上海春季卷42)

After his journey form abroad，Richard Johns returned home，________．

A．exhausting B．exhausted C．being exhausted D．having exhausted

【答案及解析】 B exhausting与exhausted意义区别。exhausted意思是：感到精疲力竭的，说明主语的状态；exhausting意为：令人精疲力竭的，说明主语的性质或特征。根据语境Richard是人，只能用选项B来表示他所处的状态。而A、C、D在此都不合题意。

真题33(2003全国卷22)

A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________in the kitchen．

A．smoke B．smoking C．to smoke D．smoked

【答案及解析】 B考查非谓语动词在句中作及物动词被动语态的主语补足语的用法。find接补足语时的句型为find sb／sth doing／to be…／to have done．．．／done．不能接其它不定式作补足语。根据句意，只有厨师在厨房里正吸烟时被发现才能被解雇。因此，只能用现在分词表进行，不能用动词不定式(不定式常表示“具体的”已发生的或未发生的行为)。译文：如果(有人)发现厨师在厨房里吸烟，他就会马上被解雇。

真题34(2003北京卷21)

The teacher asked us ________so much noise．

A．don’t make B．not make C．not making D．not to make

【答案及解析】D考查不定式用法。在动词ask后面用不定式作复合宾语．其否定形式是not to do。常见的这类动词还有：tell，warn, order, advise等。

真题35(2003北京卷28)

________time，he’11 make a first-class tennis player．

A. Having given B．To give C．Giving D．Given

【答案及解析】D考查非谓语动词。句意：要是给他时问，他会成为一流的网球运动员。不定式作状语表示目的，排除B。分词作状语要看与主语的关系。句子主语he是give的逻辑宾语，用过去分词。注意当从句主语和主句的主语保持一致时，从句可省略(If he is)，排除A和c项。

真题36(2003上海卷37)

The discovery of new evidence led to ________．

A．the thief having caught B．catch the thief

C．the thief being caught D．the thief to be caught

【答案及解析】C lead to这个词组中to是介词，后面跟名词，于是B、D被排除；the thief是动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构，与catch之间应是被动关系，故排除A。

真题37(2003上海卷43)

An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered ________ clear warnings before firing any shots．

A. to issue B．being issued C．to have issued D．to be issued

【答案及解析】 A order后应按不定式，即order sb to do sth，因此B被排除。又因为issue clear warnings(发出明显警告)的主语是all the soldiers，也就是说all the soldiers是issue的施动者，所以issue要用主动形式，D也被排除。句子没有强调动作对现在造成的影响，不必用完成时态，而且句子中的had been ordered所接的动作，指命令后要做而还未做的事，故只用一般不定式。答案为A。

真题38(2003北京春季卷35)

Mr. Smith，________of the ________speech, started to read a novel．

A. tired；boring B．tiring；bored C. tired；bored D．tiring；boring

【答案及解析】 A tired of“感到厌倦”，过去分词作状语，常用来形容人；boring“令人厌烦的”，形容词，常用来形容物。所以其中状语可分解为：Mr. Smith was tired of the speech．The speech was boring．译文：听烦了乏味的演讲，Mr. Smith’读起了小说。

真题39(2003安徽春季卷22)

--Why did you go back to the shop?

--I left my friend ________there．

A. waiting B．to wait C．wait D．waits

【答案及解析】A leave sb doing使某人处于某种状态，这一动作持续一段时间。D排除，因此处应用非谓语动词；B、C无持续状态的意思。答案为A。

真题40(2003安徽春季卷28)

The manager ________his factory’s products were poor in quality，decided to give his workers further training．

A．knowing B．known C．to know D．being known

【答案及解析】A变为定语从句应为“ne manager．who knew his factory’s products were poor in quality…”know为主动，排除B、D。定语从句变为短语应用分词短语来表示。答案为A。

真题41(2003安徽春季卷32)

The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________whether he was going in the right direction．

A. seeing B．having seen C．to have seen D．to see

【答案及解析】 D 原句应为…as if he stopped and looked to see whether由于从句与主句有相同的主语和谓语，故将从句的主语、谓语同时省略，而只留下目的状语。

真题42(2003上海春季卷35)

Friendship is like money：easier made than ________．

A．kept B．to be kept C．keeping D．being kept

【答案及解析】A西方谚语中，常用单词的相同形式进行表达，m。d。和kept都是过去分词，表示被动。答案为A。

真题43(2003上海春季卷36)

________the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement．

A．The president will attend B．The president to attend

C．The president attended D．The president’s attending

【答案及解析】D从句子结构来看，句子中已经有谓语，故选项A排除；选项B为即将亲自参加会议的总统给他们鼓舞，讲不通，因为给出鼓舞的应该是事或精神，而不应该是人；选项C中的attended若作谓语，则与句子结构矛盾，若作过去分词，又与前面的“总统”的关系矛盾；因此，只有D正确，句子的意思是：“总统亲自出席这次会议”这件事给了他们莫大的鼓舞。

真题44(2003上海春季卷37)

Unless ________to speak，you should remain silent at the conference．

A．invited B．inviting C．being invited D．having invited

【答案及解析】A在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，从句的主语可以省略，而将从句中的谓语动词变为分词形式。当从句的谓语动词的动作为主句的主语所发出时，用现在分词形式；当从句的谓语动词的动作为主句的主语所承受时，用过去分词形式。

真题45(2003上海春季卷38)

She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ________ in making the earth a better place to live．

A．to have played B．to play C．to be played D．to be playing

【答案及解析】 B根据句子中所暗含的时间，是指要起的作用，故排除选项A和D；而不定式作定语时，若不定式的动作为句子的主语或宾语所发出时，用主动语态而不用被动语态，故答案选B。

真题46(2002全国卷32)

Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple，but it remains ________whether they will enjoy it．

A．to see B．to be seen C．seeing D．seen

【答案及解析】 B这是一个主语从句。it作形式主语，whether they will enjoy it作真正的主语。remain后接to do sth．作表语。see与主语从句是动宾关系，所以要用to be seen作remains的表语。

真题47(2002全国卷34)

The research is so designed that once ________nothing can be done to change it．

A．begins B．having begun C．beginning D．begun

【答案及解析】D once begun在句子中作状语。begin可以作及物动词，意思是“着手”。译文：这项研究设计得那么好，一旦着手研究，就没有什么地方要更改的了。

真题48(2002北京卷34)

----How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

----The key________ the problem is to meet the demand _______by the customers．

A．to solving；making B．to solving；made

C．to solve；making D．to solve；made

【答案及解析l B to放在key的后面作介词，后接动名词；过去分词短语

made by the customers作demand的定语。make与demand是动宾关系，所以要

用过去分词。这句话的意思是“解决问题的关键是满足顾客的要求”。

真题49(2002上海卷25)

In order to gain a bigger share in the international market，many state-run companies are striving ________their products more competitive．

A．to make B．making C．to have made D．having made

【答案及解析】 A strive to do sth=try to do sth“非常努力做某事”，动词不定式作目的状语，表示努力的目的。译文：为了在国际市场上取得更大的份额，许多国有公司正努力使自己的产品具有竞争性。答案为A。

真题50(2002上海卷30)

Quite a few people used to believe that disaster ________if a minor was broken．

A．was sure of striking B．was sure of having struck

C．was sure to be struck D．was sure to strike

【答案及解析】 D be sure of“对……确信，有把握”，主语必须是人。be sure to do sth“就要，一定会”，主语可以是人或物。动词不定式表示将要发生的事，意思是“就要……”。译文：过去很多人都认为如果镜子破了，一定会引起灾难。注意．be+形容词后接不定式的一般式，不用被动式。如：The problem is difficult for us to work out．我们很难解决这个问题。

真题51(2002上海卷33)

Though ________money，his parents managed to send him to university．

A．1acked B．1acking of C．1acking D．1acked in

【答案及解析】 C lack是及物动词，后接宾语money。his parents与lack是主谓关系，要用现在分词作状语。译文：虽然缺钱，他的父母亲还是想法让他上了大学。

真题52(2002上海卷34)

Don’t use words，expressions，or phrases ________only to people with specific knowledge．

A．being known B．having been known C．to be known D．known

【答案及解析】D know与words，expressions，phrases是动宾关系，要用过去分词作定语，表示被动。having been known是现在分词完成时的被动式，不能作定语。译文：不要使用只有具有专业知识的人才知道的词语。

真题53(2002上海卷38)

________to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin．

A．Exposed B．Having exposed C．Being exposed D．After being exposed

【答案及解析】C在非谓语动词中，用动名词或不定式来作主语，而分词和介词短语不能作主语，因此A、D被排除。在这个句子中，will do是谓语，缺少主语，要用动名词作主语。expose与one’s skin是动宾关系，所以要用动名词的被动式being exposed。译文：在阳光下晒太长时间对人的皮肤有坏处。

真题54(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷24)

Prices of daily goods ________through a computer can be lower than store prices．

A．are bought B．bought C．been bought D．buying

【答案及解析】 B goods是动词bought的逻辑宾语，所以用过去分词修饰，表被动。

真题55(2002上海春季卷25)

In some parts of London，missing a bus means ________for another hour．

A．waiting B．to．wait C．wait D．to be waiting

【答案及解析】 A mean doing sth．的意思是“意味着什么”。mean to do sth．的意思是“打算做什么”。译文：在英国的某些地方，赶不上公共汽车意味着要再等一小时。

真题56(2002上海春季卷29)

When ________，the museum will be open to the public next year．

A．completed B．completing C．being completed D．to be completed

【答案及解析】 A complete与museum是动宾关系，要用过去分词completed作状语，表示被动。译文：当这座博物馆建成后，将在明年向公众开放。to be completed作目的状语，不与when连用。答案为A。

真题57(2002上海春季卷37)

With a lot of difficult problems ________，the newly-elected president is having a hard time．

A．settled B．settling C．to settle D．being settled

【答案及解析】C 动词不定式to settle作difficult problems的定语表示现在或将来要解决的难题；过去分词settled作定语表示已经解决的难题；现在分词的被动式being settled作定语表示正在解决的难题。所提供的情境the newly．elected president is having a hard time说明新任总统现在和将来都有难以解决的问题，所以要用to settle作定语。

真题58(2001全国卷35)

_______such heavy pollution already，it may now be too late to clean up the river．

A．Having suffered B．Suffering C．To suffer D．Suffered

【答案及解析】A首先确定为主动语态，然后根据already又可判断用完成时。译文：由于已经受到如此严重的污染，现在清理河道可能太晚了。答案为A。

真题59(2001上海卷29)

D0 let your mother know all the truth．She appears _________everything．

A．to tell B．to be told C．to be telling D．to have been told

【答案及解析】 D tell是及物动词，后面要接宾语。因为在这个句子中，tell后面没有宾语，所以要用动词不定式的被动式。义因为知道了一切发生在告诉真相之前，所以要用动词不定式的完成式。译文：一定要把一切真相告诉你妈妈。她看上去已知道了一切事情。

真题60(2001上海卷31)

I really appreciate ________to relax with you on this nice island．

A．to have had time B．having time C．to have time D．to having time

【答案及解析】 B appreciate后接动名词作宾语。译文：我真的喜欢和你一起在这个迷人的小岛上放松一下。

真题61(2001上海卷38)

The bell ________the end of the period rang，________our heated discussion．

A．indicating；interrupting B．indicated；interrupting

C．indicating；interrupted D．indicated：interrupted

【答案及解析】 A the bell在句子中作indicate和interrupt的逻辑主语，所以要用现在分词。答案为A。

真题62(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷21)

________late in the morning，Bob turned off the alarm．

A．To sleep B．Sleeping C．Sleep D．Having slept

【答案及解析】A用不定式表示具体的目的，sleep late“睡懒觉”。译文：为了早上多睡一会儿，鲍勃关闭了闹钟。答案为A。

真题63(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷24)

One learns a language by making mistakes and ________them．

A．correct B．correcting C．corrects D．to correct

【答案及解析】 B介词by后接动名词，用and连接的两个表示并列成分的非谓语动词形式要一致。

真题64(2001上海春季卷28)

Sandy could do nothing but ________to his teacher that he was wrong．

A．admit B．admitted C．admitting D．to admit

【答案及解析】 A该句中的but是介词，后接动词不定式。当谓语动词是do，does或did时，后接不带to白怀定式；是其它动词时，后接带to的不定式。该句的谓语是could do nothing，要填动词原形admit。译文：山德不得不向老师承认自己错了。答案为A。

真题65(2001上海春季卷36)

Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________some schools for Door children．

A. set up B．setting up C．have set up D．having set up

【答案及解析】B to devote sth．to后接动名词作宾语，即：devote sth．doing sth．。有的考生把all he had to当成了一个短语，误填了set up。实际上．a11 he had作devoted的宾语，是一个宾语从句。译文：利德先生决定用自己所有的一切为贫困儿童建造几所学校。

真题66(2001上海春季卷37)

________blood if you can and many lives will be saved．

A．Giving B．Give C．Given D．To give

【答案及解析】B if you can是条件状语从句。如果把这个句子转为简单句______blood and many lives will be saved．就可以确定这是一个“祈使句+and”的句型。

真题67(2001上海春季卷38)

________from heart trouble for years，Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes．

A．Suffered B．Suffering C．Having suffered D．Being suffered

【答案及解析】C 根据状语for years可判断用现在分词的完成式。译文：经受了多年心脏病折磨的痛苦，怀特教授无论走到哪里都不得不随身带着药。

真题68(2000全国卷19)

I’ve worked with children before，so I know what ________in my new job．

A．expected B．to expect C．to be expecting D．expects

【答案及解析】B 在非谓语动词中，疑问词后只接不定式。此句中“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。

真题69(2000全国卷22)

The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year．

A．early out B．carrying out C．carried out D．to carry out

【答案及解析】 C that they would like to see是定语从句；carried out作plan的定语表示被动。

真题70(2000上海卷22)

They’re not very good，but we like ________．

A．anyway to play basketball with them B．to play basketball with them anyway

C．to play with them basketball anyway D．with them to play basketball anyway

【答案及解析】B动词like后接宾语to play basketball；宾语后接with them；anyway为副词，用作状语，放在句末。

真题71(2000上海卷31)

He sent me an e-mail，________to get further information．

A．hoped B．hoping C．to hope D．hope

【答案及解析】 B现在分词hoping表示与send me an e．mail同时发生的动作。一些考生认为应该填不定式作目的状语。不定式作目的状语时，句子的正确形式是：He sent me an e-mail to get further information．如果要选择“hoped”时，句子的正确形式是：He sent me an e-mail and hoped to get further information。 “hoped”和“sent”作并列谓语。

真题72(2000上海卷37)

_____in 1636，Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States．

A．Being founded B．It was funded C．Founded D．Founding

【答案及解析】 c简单句的主语Harvard与Found是动宾关系，所以要用过去分词短语(Founded in 1636)作状语。

真题73(2000上海卷39)

The ________boy was last seen ________near the East Lake．

A．missing；playing B．missing；play

C．missed；played D．missed；to play

【答案及解析】 A missing是形容词，作boy的定语，意思是“失踪的”；而missed是miss的过去式，意思是“错过”，作谓语，排除C、D。was last seen playing表示被看见时正在玩。答案为A。

真题74(2000上海卷40)

Tony was very unhappy for ________to the party．

A．having not been invited B．not having invited

C．having not invited D．not having been invited

【答案及解析】D invite与Tony构成动宾关系，所以要用动名词的被动结构 (not having been invited)。not要放在非谓语动词的前面。选项A和C都是错误的形式。

真题75(2000京、皖春季卷15)

The picture ________on the wall is painted by my nephew．

A．having hung B．hanging C：hangs D．being hung

【答案及解析】 B选项B表状态；而选项D表动作；is painted在句子中作谓语，所以要填hang的非谓语形式。因为hang+表方位的介词短语，hang是不及物动词，非谓语动词不能用被动式表示主动，所以要用现在分词。

真题76(2000京、皖春季卷17) ：

________the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation．

A. Given B．To give C．Giving D．Having given

【答案及解析】 A过去分词Given构成的短语在句子中作状语，表示被动。意思是：“在……情况下，考虑到”。译文：考虑到他的健康情况一般，他手术后需要一段时间才能恢复。答案为A。

篇5：非谓语动词语法口诀

非谓语动词语法口诀

非谓语动词是高考中的热点，其考查量多、面广，几乎是必考的一个知识点。

1、动词的不定式

①不定式有标记， to与动词连一起。

②没有人称数变化， 动词特点它具备。

③主宾定状表补语， 唯独作谓不可以。

④not 加上不定式， 否定结构要牢记。

⑤疑问词与不定式， 构成短语有意义。

⑥仔细推敲多思考， 准确判断有依据。

解析：

①“to+动词原形”是它的基本构成形式，即不定式的标记。

②它没有人称和数的变化，不管主语是任何人称，单数还是复数，动词不定式都没有变化。但它仍保留动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语。

③它具有名词、形容词和副词三大特点，所以，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语和宾补。

④“not +动词不定式”是它的否定形式，不要受其他否定式的影响，要记住规律。

⑤疑问代词what, who, whom, which和疑问副词where, when, why , how加上不定式在句中可以做主语，宾语、表语、状语。

⑥通过以上分析，只要仔细研究，把不定式的功能用法搞清楚，在应用时就能作出准确的判断。

2、动名词：

哪些动词后面只能接动名词，下面的顺口溜有助于记忆。

喜欢、考虑不可免(enjoy, consider, escape, avoid)

停止，放弃太冒险(stop, give up , risk)

反对想象莫推延(mine, imagine, delay, put off)

要求完成是期望(require, finish, look forward to.)

建议继续勤练习(suggest, go on, practise)

不禁原谅要坚持(can’t help, excuse , insist on)

继续注意使成功(keep on, mind, succeed in)

英语语法顺口溜：冠词、定冠词和不定冠词口诀和用法

拓展阅读

一、定冠词的用法口诀

特指双熟悉，上文已提及;

世上独无二，序数最高级;

某些专有名，习语及乐器。

二、不用冠词用法口诀

下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前;

专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭;

复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前;

颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。

一、定冠词和不定冠词的用法详解

1.定冠词the，在以辅音音素开头的`词前读作[]， 在以元音音素开头的词前读作[]， 强调时读作。

例：the table]那张桌子

the animal那只动物

2.定冠词the，基本含义是“这个，那个”，表示特指。

例: the flower 那朵花 the E-mail 那个电子邮件

3.不定冠词a和an，基本含义是“一、一个”，表示泛指。

例：a flower 一朵花 an E-mail 一个电子邮件

二、a和an的区别

a用在辅音音素前，包括以前元音[j]、[w]开首的词前，注意，这里讲的辅音音素指的是发音，不是指辅音字母。

an用在元音音素前(不是元音字母)，

例：a hotel [一家旅馆

a knife 一把小刀

a useful tool 一件有用的工具

a university 一所大学

a European country一个欧洲国家

a one-eyed man一个一目失明的人

an hour ] 一小时

an ant 一只蚂蚁

an honour 一种荣誉

an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩

an umbrella 一把伞

an onion一个洋葱

an eye 一只眼睛

an ear [一只耳朵

an English book [ 一本英语书

an egg 一只鸡蛋

an ap 一个苹果

an island 一座岛

an uncle一位叔叔

an old man 一位老人

三、不定冠词

1 表示“一，一个”，用在单数可数名词前

例：There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有一幅图画。

He has an apple in his hand. 他手里拿着一个苹果。

提示：

a. a (an) 虽表示“一个”，但不强调数量，而是强调类别;one则强调数量。

例：I bought a computer. 我买了一台电脑。(不是收音机和电视机)

I bought one computer. 我买了一台电脑。 (不是两台)

Would you like an ice cream? 来一客冰淇淋好吗?(不是别的食物)

She gave one ice cream to them each. 她给他们每人一客冰淇淋。(不是两客)

b. 表示数量对比时，要用one, 不用a(an)。

比：我有一支红铅笔，但是他有三支。

I have a red pencil, but she has three. (误)

I have one red pencil, but she has three. (正)

我只需要一美元，但他给了我两美元。

I only want a dollar, but he has given me two. (误)

I only want one dollar, but he has given me two. (正)

2 表示一类人或物，指同类中的任何一个，a或an不必翻译

例 Even a child can answer this question. 就是小孩子也能回答这个问题。

An elephant is stronger than a horse. 大象比马力气大。

A teacher must be strict with his students. 教师必须对学生严格要求。

3 第一次提到某人或某物

第一次提到某人或某物时，用不定冠词a或an，起介绍作用。

例: A girl wants to see you. 一位姑娘要见你。

On a cold evening a stranger came to my house. 在一个寒冷的晚上，一个陌生人来到我的住处。

4 表示身份、职业

不定冠词用于单数名词前表示身份、职业，尤其用在作表语或补足语的名词前。

例：She is a high school teacher. Her name is Li Fang. 她是一位中学教师，名叫李芳。

The Whites wanted their daughter to be a musician. 怀特夫妇想要他们的女儿成为音乐家。

提示：

表示某个职位在某一时期内只有一人担任，或表示某人的头衔，则不用冠词。

例：He is captain of the team. 他是球队队长。

Zhang Fei, monitor of their class, is good at English. 张飞是他们的班长，英语很棒。

5 用于专有名词前，表示不认识某人

例：A Zhang called you just now. 一位姓张的刚才给你打电话。

A Mr. Smith wanted to see you. 有位史密斯先生想要见你。

6 不定冠词用在表示数量、长度、时间等的计数单位的名词前，表示“每一”

例：We have three meals a day. 我们每天吃三顿饭。

They met each other once a month. 他们每月会面一次。

The car moved 100 miles an hour. 这辆小汽车以每小时100英里的速度行驶。

The envelopes are one yuan a dozen. 信封一打是一元钱。

Amily goes to see her grandmother twice a week. 爱米莉每周去看奶奶两次。

小升初英语必考考点：小学英语形容词比较级顺口溜

小编给同学们总结了小升初必考考点，在我们考试中是经常可以遇到的，希望同学们学习后能有所帮助。更多小升初英语考点尽在。

小学英语形容词比较级顺口溜

比较级是形容词，一好一坏要记牢，

good更好是better, bad更坏是worse

结尾有e只加r，nice变成nicer;

双写目前有三个，bigger, fatter 和hotter

其余全部加er。

小升初英语必考考点：疑问句顺口溜

小编给同学们总结了小升初必考考点，在我们考试中是经常可以遇到的，希望同学们学习后能有所帮助。更多小升初英语考点尽在。

疑问句顺口溜

反义疑问真好变，前后肯否相反地。

有情要用情加主，有be要用be加主。

若是无情又无be，要用do主来代替。

Let's go特殊记，Shall we 提前要牢记。

肯定英汉翻译同，否定英汉翻译异。

100句少儿英语口语让孩子英语顺溜溜

1. Hello! (How do you do?) 你好!

2. How are you?-I’m fine. Thank you. and you? 你好吗?我很好。谢谢，你呢?

3. Good morning / afternoon/evening/night. 早上好/下午好/晚上好/晚安。

4. Excuse me。(sorry. I’m sorry) 打搅一下(对不起/不好意思)

5. Thank you! 谢谢你!

6. You are welcome. 不用谢。

7. How are you today? 今天还好吗?

8. Nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。

9. What’s your name? 你叫什么名子啊?

10. My name is×××. 我叫×××。

11. What can I do for you? 我能为你做点什么?

12. What’s wrong with you? (What’sthe matter?)你怎么了?(出什么事了?)

13. It’s time for class. 该上课了。

14. Come in please. 请进。

15. Let’s get ready for class! 让我们准备上课吧!

16. Line up please! 排队!

17. Attention please! 立正!

18. At ease. 稍息。

19. Turn life/right! 向左/右转!

20. One bye one please.no pushing. 一个一个来。不要挤。

21. Let’s go back to the classroom. 让我们回教室去。

22. It’time for (breakfast lunch supper/dinner) 该吃早餐了/该吃午餐了/该吃晚餐了

23. Please eat up. Take your time. 把它吃完。慢慢吃。

24. Would you like some rice!来点米饭吧!

25. Help yourself. 请吃，别客气。

26. Please have some fish/vegetables. 吃点鱼/蔬菜吧。

27. Do you want anymore? 还要吗?

28. Anything to drink? 喝点啥?

29. I’d like to drink some milk! 我想喝点年奶!

30. Today we are going to learn some new worlds.今天我们将学习一些新单词。

31. Who wants to try? 谁来试试?

32. Let me try! 我来试试!

33. It’s your turn. 轮到你了。

34. Don’t be afraid/shy! 不要害怕/不要害羞!

35. Try your best! 尽力做/尽力试。

36. Do you understand? 明白了吗?

37. Stand up/sit down.please. 请站起来/请坐下。

38. Listen to me carefully. pease. 请仔细地听我说。

39. Look at me ,please. 请看着我。

40. Watch carefully. 看仔细。

41. What are you going to do tonight? 今晚干啥去?

42. I’m going to Disney’s English Club. 我要去迪士尼英语俱乐部。

43. I’m going to learn Disney’s Magic English. 我去学迪士尼神奇英语。

44. What’s on tonight? 今晚有什么节目?

45. Let’s watch TV. 我们看电视吧!

46. We are going to the Pople’s Prk. 我们要去人民公园。

47. Be quiet.please. 请安静。

48. Stop talking!(Do’t talk.) 别讲话。

49. Don’t worry about it. 不要为这担心。

50. No problem. 没问题。

51. Clap your hands. 鼓撑拍手。

52. Class is over.(Time is up.) 下课了!(时间到了)

53. See you next time.Bye bye! 下次见，再见。

54. Well done! 干得好!

55. You are so smart! 你真聪明!

56. How clever you are! 你真是太聪明了!

57. Let’s have a rest.(take a break) 我们休息一下。

58. It’s time to go to bed. 该睡觉了。

59. It’s time to get up.(Wake up.please。) 该起床了(醒醒)

60. Wash your face/hands/foot. 洗脸/手/脚。

61. Comb your hair. 梳头。

62. Brush your teeth. 刷牙。

63. Come on.Let’s play together. 过来，我们一起玩。

64. Let’s play a game. 我们来玩个游戏。

65. You are getting better and better. 你越来越棒了。

66. You’er making progress everyday. 你每天都在进步。

67. You’re always the best. 你总是最好的。

68. You speak English very well. 你英语说的非常好。

69. Do you like English? (Ilike English very much) 你喜欢英语吗?(我太喜欢英语了)

70. I’mpleased with your spoken English. 你的口语真令我满意。

71. Be brave,please. 请勇敢一点。

72. Have a nice weekend! 周未愉快!

73. Happy birthday to you. (Happy New Year to you) 生日快乐!(新年快乐)

74. Put on your clothes. 穿衣服。

75. Take off your clothes/shoes. 脱衣服/鞋子。

76. Pardon! (I beg your pardon) 什么!请你再说一次。

77. May I speak to×××.Please. ×××在吗?

78. Who is on the line? 你是谁啊?(电话用语)

79. This is OSA. 我是OSA。(电话用语)

80. Welcome to Shiyan. 欢迎来到十堰。

81. Do you like shiyan? 你喜欢十堰吗?

82. People in Shiyan are proud of Wudang Mountain. 十堰的人以武当山为豪。

83. Are you free this afternoon? 今天下午你有空吗?

84. I’m inviting you to Mcdonald’s. 我请你去麦当劳。

85. At what time shall I come? 我什么时候可以过来。

86. Is six o’clock ok with you? 六点可以吗?

87. This way .please! 这边走!

88. Have a good time。(Enjoy yourself) 玩得愉快!

89. The same to you! 你也一样!

90. You are learning fast. 你学得很快。

91. Keep on trying. 不断努力。

92. Put up your hands.please。(Raise your hands,please/hands up) 请举手。

93. Hands down. 放下手。

94. Be careful. (look out) 小心!

95. How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎么样?

96. Fine.thanks.and you? 很好，谢谢，你呢?

97. Hope to see you again! 希望能再见到你。

98. Drink some water/tea,please. 请喝水/茶。

99. Which one will you choose? 你要哪个?

100. Goodbye. See you tomorrow/late/next week! 再见。明天见。

少儿英语语法顺口溜：时刻表达记忆口诀

英语时刻表达法记忆口诀：

时刻表达法作用大，衣食住行离不开它。

整点时把点钟数打，时分俱全不好表达。

请记下列几种方法：先时后分莫给弄差。

若要说明几点过几分，可把past和after来抓。

前分后时不能搞差，要说几点几分差， to前分后时来表达。

用英语表达时刻主要有以下两种方法：

直接表示法(先时后分)如：

9 ： 25 读作： nine twenty-five

12 ： 30 读作： twelve thirty ; twelve-thirty

添加介词表示法(先分后时)如：

( 1 )表示“几点过几分”(在 30 分钟之内)，用介词 past ，其结构是“分钟 +past+ 钟点”。如：

5 ： 20 读作： twenty past five

11 ： 05 读作： five past eleven

( 2 )表示“几点差几分”(相差在 30 分钟之内)，用介词 to ，其结构是“分钟 +to+ 下一个钟点”。如：

2 ： 50 读作： ten to three

10 ： 58 读作： two to eleven

6 ： 37 读作： twenty-three to seven

另外需要注意的还有：

( 1 )表示“几点整”，可以用数字直接表示，也可以加上 o'clock 。如：

1 ： 00 读作： one o'clock

20 ： 00 读作： twenty o'clock

( 2 )表示“几点半”，用 half 。如：

4 ： 30 读作： half past four

( 3 )表示“ 15 分钟”，常用 a quarter 。如：

10 ： 15 读作： a quarter past ten

2 ： 45 读作： a quarter to three

( 4 )表示“在某一时刻”，应该用介词 at 。如：

at five-five 在 5 点 5 分

at three o'clock 在 3 点整

( 5 )对时刻提问时，疑问词一般用 what time 。如：

— What time is it now ?现在几点钟?

— It's twelve fifteen. 12 点 15 分。

篇6：英语非谓语动词语法

英语非谓语动词语法

动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。

Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)

爬山是一项好运动。

Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用)

你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗?

He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用)

他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。

谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：

2) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。

Miss Mary teaches us English.

玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语)

Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.

维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。

(to have a talk.... 不定式作状语)

3) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。

Larke likes the pop music.

拉克喜欢流行音乐。

(动词用单数第三人称形式)

Larke has nothing to do today.

拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形)

非谓语动词的特征：

2 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。

Studying English is my favorite.

学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语)

To help him is my duty.

帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语)

3 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。

Working under such a condition is terrible.

在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。

(under such a condition 是 working 的状语)

It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.

他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。

(for him 作不定式的逻辑主语)

4 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.

对不起让你久等了。

(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)

Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.

从山上看，这座城市美丽多了。

(Seen from...是分词的被动形式)

5 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。

Our coming made him happy.

我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming 起名词作用)

There are two big swimming pools here.

?

这儿有两个大型游泳池。

(swimming 起形容词作用)

非谓语动词的形式变化：

不 定 式 主 动 被 动

一 般 to write to be written

进 行 to be writing /

完 成 to have written to have been written

完成进行 to have been writing /

现在分词 主 动 被 动

一 般 writing being written

完 成 having written having been written

过 去 分 词 一般 written

动 名 词 主 动 被 动

一般 writing being written

完成 having written having been written

动 名 词

动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语， 宾语，表语和定语。

1) 动名词作主语：

Talking like that is not polite.

那样谈话不礼貌。

Learning1 from others is important .

向别人学习很重要。

Putting on more clothes is not so good .

多穿衣服不一定好。

动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用 it 先行祠代替， 而把动名词写在后面。

It's no use waiting here, let's go home.

在这儿等着也没用，我们回家吧。

It's very difficult climbing this mountain.

爬这座山很困难。

2) 动名词作表语

The nurse's job is looking after the patients.

护士的工作是护理病人。

Seeing is believing.

眼见为实。

3) 动名词作宾语

有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.

Please stop smoking2 in the house.

请不要在家里抽烟。

I like reading in the forest.

我喜欢在树林里读书。

Do you mind my opening the windows?

你介意我打开窗户吗?

She is found of collecting stamp.

她喜欢集邮。

动名词作定语

She is studying in the reading room.

她在阅览室学习。

He slept in the sleeping bag.

他在睡袋里睡觉。

动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词

He pretend3 not knowing it at all.

他假装全然不知。

We considered not doing it now.

我们考虑现在不做这件事 。

动名词的时态：

动名词的一般时 动名词的一般时表示动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词的动作之后发生。

I enjoy swimming in the big river.

我喜欢在大河里游泳。

I am used to watching TV in the evening.

我习惯于晚上看电视。

动名词的完成时 动名词的完成时表示动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。

She regret not having studied the computer hard.

她后悔没有努力学习计算机。

Do you remember having promised me that?

你记得给我许愿了吗?

动名词的被动形式 ：

当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。

His being looked down upon made him sick.

他被人冷落使他很伤感。

I can't really stand being treated like that.

我简直受不了这样的对待。

动名词的几个特殊情况：

1) 有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些动词能跟不定式，有些两者都可以， 它们的具体含义有时还不一样。

能跟动名词的动词有：

avoid, consider, delay4, deny5, dislike, endure6, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist7, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。

能跟不定式的动词有：

decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake8, want, wish, agree, manage,

能跟动名词和不定式的动词有：

love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose9, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve10, start,

动词后面跟动名词还是不定式，含义不相同，总的来说，表示习惯的， 一般性的动作多跟动名词，一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。

I like to go with you.

我想和你一块儿去。

I like reading.

我喜欢阅读。

He promised to help her.

他答应过要帮助她。

We love watching VCD.

我们喜欢看VCD。

2) remember, forget, regret后面跟动名词时，动名词表示过去的动作， 后面跟不定式时，不定式表示将来的动作。

I remember meeting him in the street.

我记得在街上见过他。

I remember to write a letter to my parents.

我想起来要给我父母亲写信。

3) “stop + 动名词”表示停止动名词所表示的动作， “stop + 不定式”表示停下来 做不定式所表示的动作。

Stop smoking, please.

请不要抽烟 。

Let's stop to have a rest.

咱们停下来休息一下吧。

4) 动名词和分词的区别：

动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词作定语时， 分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。

reading text 阅读课文 〔动名词〕

developing country 发展中国家 〔分词〕

a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔动名词〕

boiled water 开水 〔分词〕

篇7：非谓语动词

在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定

式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。

1）不定式

时态\\语态 主动被动

一般式 to doto be done

完成式 to have done to have been done

2）动名词

时态\\语态 主动被动

一般式 doing being done

完成式 having done having been done

3）分词

时态\\语态 主动被动

一般式 doing being done

完成式 having done having been done

否定形式： not +不定式， not + 动名词， not + 现在分词

动名词

1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语

1）作主语

Fighting broke out between the South and the North.

南方与北方开战了。

2）作宾语

a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sth

admit 承认 appreciate 感激,赞赏 avoid 避免

complete 完成 consider 认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱prevent阻止

fancy 想象 finish 完成imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone 推迟 practise 训练 recall 回忆resent 讨厌 resist 抵抗 resume 继续risk 冒险

suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续

举例：

(1) Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?

(2) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.

b. 词组后接doing

admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to busy look forward to(to为介词）

no good, no use, It's worth…, as well as,

can't help, It's no use /good be tired of

be fond of be capable of be afraid of

be proud of think of / about hold off

put off keep on insist on count on / upon

set about be successful in good at take up

give up burst out prevent … from…

3）作表语

Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of the children.

2 worth 的用法

worth，worthy，worth-while都为adj. 意为“值得”。

1. worth： be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时，表示“…… 值得……”

be worth doing sth. “……某事值得被做”

The question is not worth discussing again and again.

2. worthy：be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示“……值得……”

be worthy to be done “某事值得被做”

The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again.

3. worth-while： be worth-while to do sth “值得做某事”

worth while： It is worth while doing sth

It is worth while sb to do sth.

典型例题

It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again.

A.worth B.worthy C.worth-while D.worth while

答案C. 由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worth-while to do sth.。因此选C。

动词不定式

1 不定式作宾语

1) 动词+ 不定式

afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake

举例：

The driver failed to see the other car in time.

司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

I happen to know the answer to your question.

我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。

2）动词+不定式 ； 动词+宾语+不定式

ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…

I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。

I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。

I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。

I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。

3） 动词+疑问词+ to

decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell

Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。

There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。

注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。

The question is how to put it into practice.

问题是怎样把它付诸实施。

2 不定式作补语

1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)

advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn

例句：

a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.

父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。

b. We believe him to be guilty.

我们相信他是有罪的。

Find 的特殊用法：

Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。

I found him lying on the ground.

I found it important to learn.

I found that to learn English is important.

典型例题:

The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.

A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying

答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。

2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。

Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand

We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.

我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。

典型例题

Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.

A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented

答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。

3) to be +形容词

Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…

The book is believed to be uninteresting.

人们认为这本书没什么意思。

4) there be+不定式

believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand

We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。

注意 ： 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.

We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。

Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。

3 不定式主语

1） It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了

easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;

the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough

It's so nice to hear your voice.

听到你的声音真高兴。

It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。

2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。

Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)

例句:

It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。

It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。

注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型

2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。

3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型

(对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。

(错)It is to believe to see.

4 It's for sb.和 It's of sb.

1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：

It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

for 与of 的辨别方法：

用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：

You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。

He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)

5 不定式作表语

不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：

My work is to clean the room every day.

His dream is to be a doctor.

6 不定式作定语

不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：

I have a lot of work to do.

So he made some candles to give light.

7 不定式作状语

1）目的状语

To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)

He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。

I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。

2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。

What have I said to make you angry.

He searched the room only to find nothing.

3) 表原因

I'm glad to see you.

典型例题

The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.

A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on

答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于“形容词+动词不定式”结构的末尾。

8 用作介词的to

to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形； 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：

admit to承认， confess to承认，

be accustomed to习惯于， be used to习惯于， stick to 坚持， turn to开始，着手于， devote oneself to 献身于， be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望， pay attention to 注意

9 省to 的动词不定式

1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：

2） 使役动词 let, have, make：

3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。

注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。

I saw him dance.

=He was seen to dance.

The boss made them work the whole night.

=They were made to work the whole night.

4） would rather，had better：

5） Why… / why not…：

6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：

7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。

8） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：

9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：

He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。

举例：

He wants to move to France and marry the girl.

He wants to do nothing but go out.

比较： He wants to do nothing but go out.

He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.

典型例题

1) ---- I usually go there by train.

---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?

A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going

答案：D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。

2） Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.

A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。

10 动词不定式的否定式

Tell him not to shut the window…

She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。

典型例题

1）Tell him ___ the window.

A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut

D. not shut

答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.

2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by.

A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see

D. having not seen

答案：A。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。

3）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.

A. never to drive B. to never driver

C. never driving D. never drive

答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never.

4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.

A. not to B. not to do C. not do it

D. do not to

答案：A。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此B，D不对。

5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.

A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat

D. not eating

答案：C。warn一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to do。

11 不定式的特殊句型too…to…

1）too…to 太…以至于…

He is too excited to speak.

他太激动了，说不出话来。

---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?

---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。

2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为“不太”。

It's never too late to mend. (谚语)

改过不嫌晚。

3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。

I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。

He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。

12 不定式的特殊句型so as to

1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。

Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.

汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。

Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.

轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。

2) so kind as to ---劳驾

Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?

劳驾，现在几点了。

13 不定式的特殊句型Why not

“Why not +动词原形”表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：“为什么不……?” “干吗不……?”

例如：

Why not take a holiday?

干吗不去度假?

非谓语动词（二）

14 不定式的时态和语态

时态\\语态 主动 被动

一般式to doto be done

进行式to be doing

完成式to have done to have been done

完成进行式 to have been doing

1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。

He seems to know this.

I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。

2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

He seems to have caught a cold.

3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。

He seems to be eating something.

4) 完成进行时：

She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

15 动名词与不定式

1） 动名词与不定式的区别：

动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的

不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的

2） 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。

3） 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：

1 stop to do stop doing

2 forget to do forget doing

3 remember to do remember doing

4 regret to do regret doing

5 cease to do cease doing

6 try to dotry doing

7 go on to do go on doing

8 afraid to do afraid doing

9 interested to do interested doing

10 mean to domean doing

11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing

动名词与不定式区别实例：

1 stop doing/to do

stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。

stop doing 停止做某事。

They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。

I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。

典型例题

She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.

A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest

答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择“stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事”。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。

2 forget doing/to do

forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)

forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做)

The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.

办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)

He forgot turning the light off.

他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)

Don't forget to come tomorrow.

别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)

典型例题

---- The light in the office is still on.

---- Oh，I forgot___.

A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off

答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.

而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。

3 remember doing/to do

remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)

remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)

Remember to go to the post office after school.

记着放学后去趟邮局。

Don't you remember seeing the man before?

你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

4 regret doing/to do

regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。 (未做)

regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。 (已做)

I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.

我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。

I don't regret telling her what I thought.

我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。

典型例题

---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

---Well, now I regret ___ that.

A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done

答案：D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth. 对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。

5 cease doing/to do

cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事。

cease doing 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。

That department has ceased to exist forever.

那个部门已不复存在。

The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.

姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。

6 try doing/to do

try to do 努力，企图做某事。

try doing 试验，试着做某事。

You must try to be more careful.

你可要多加小心。

I tried gardening but didn't succeed.

我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。

特殊词精讲

1 stop doing/to do

stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。

stop doing 停止做某事。

They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。

I must stop smoking..我必须戒烟了。

典型例题

She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.

A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest

答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择“stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事”。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。

7 go on doing/to do

go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。

go on doing 继续做原来做的事。

After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.

做完数学后，他接着去做物理。

Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.

作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习

8 be afraid doing/to do

be afraid to do 不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为“怕”；

be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。 doing 是客观上造成的，意为“生怕，恐怕”。

She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.

她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。

She was afraid to wake her husband.

她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。

She was afraid of waking her husband.

她生怕吵醒她丈夫。

9 be interested doing/to do

interested to do 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。

interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。

I shall be interested to know what happens.

我很想知道发生了什么事。 (想了解)

I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?

我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? (一种想法)

10 mean to doing/to do

mean to do 打算、想

mean doing 意味着

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.

我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.

赠加工资意味着增加购买力。

11 begin(start) doing/to do

begin / start to do sth

begin / start doing sth.

1) 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.

How old were you when you first started playing the piano?

你几岁时开始弹钢琴？

2) begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do

I was beginning to get angry。

我开始生起气来。

3) 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。

I begin to understand the truth。

我开始明白真相。

4) 物作主语时

It began to melt.

12 感官动词 + doing/to do

感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调“我看见了”这个事实)

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调“我见他正干活”这个动作）

昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

典型例题

1）They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.

A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow

答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。

2）The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.

A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play

答案A. 本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型。

一、动词不定式与-ING分词的区别

1. 作宾语时，-ING分词表示抽象的、一般性或习惯性的和连续性的动作，而不定式则表示某次具体动作，特别是将来的动作

I like playing football. I would like to play football this afternoon.

1) The school cannot tolerate on exams.

［A］ cheating ［B］ to cheat ［C］ be cheated ［D］ being cheated

2) News of success keeps in.

［A］ pouring ［B］ to pour ［C］ poured ［D］ to be pouring

3) Long ［A］ before the dawn ［B］ of recorded ［C］ history, humans celebrated to harvest ［D］ their crops.

2. 作定语时，-ING表示正在进行的动作，用-ING的完成时表示动作的完成；不定式表示未来发生

4) We were overjoyed at the news of China another man-made satellite.

［A］ having launched ［B］ to have launched ［C］ to launch ［D］ launched

5) The applicants interviewing ［A］ are required to ［B］ bring all the necessary papers ［C］ two days later ［D］ .

6) Sorghum(高梁) leaves ［A］ occasionally contain ［B］ enough hydrocyanic acid killing ［C］ livestock(牲畜) ［D］ .

3. 当谓语动词是进行时的时候，用不定式而不用-ING分词作宾语

It's beginning to snow you. It starts raining.

I'm considering how to go(where to go, what to do). I considered emplying Mr.Wang but

decided that Mr.Chen was more suited

to the job.

4. 在remember,forget等词后，如果跟-ING分词，表示-ING分词的动作发生在主要谓语之前；如果跟不定式则表示不定式的动作发生在主要谓语动作之后

I remember telling her that last night. (“告

诉”发生在“记得”之前) He remembered to tell her that when she

came back. (“记得”发生在“告诉”之前)

I'm sorry I forgot to give you the message. (主

语动词表示的动作“忘记”发生在不定式表

示的动作“给带口信”之前) Why! I have such a bad memory. I forgot

giving the message last night. (-ING分词

表示的动作“给带口信”发生在谓语动词表

示的动作“忘记”之前)

5. stop, go on和leave off之后跟接动词不定式和-ING分词所表达的意义有所不同

They stopped (talking) to work. ［停下(其他动作)来工作］

They stopped working. ［停下工作(来干其他动作)］

Workers went on discussing the problem. ［工人继续讨论这一问题］

Workers went on to discuss the problem.［工人们停下来其他事，继续讨论这一问题］

He left off writing.［他停下写作(去干其他事)］

He left off to write.［他停下(其他事)来写作］

6. … used to后跟不定式和-ING分词，后跟不定式有两种情况：一种是used to是固定用法表示“过去经常干……”；另外一种情况是use的被动词态“be used”后跟不定式；后跟-ING分词的情况有一种，那就是当used to中的used是形容词时，to后跟名词或-ING分词

7) When he was in the plastic plant, he together with the workers.

［A］ has worked ［B］ had worked ［C］ had been worked ［D］ used to work

8) You will soon this climate and then the changes in temperature will not affect you.

［A］ get used to

［B］ get to

［C］ get over

［D］ get on with

9) Mr. Anderson used to jogging ［A］ in the crisp morning ［B］ air during ［C］ the winter months ［D］ , but now he has stopped.

7. 一般情况下，for后边跟接there to be,而of后边则跟接there being

10) It is fairly common in Africa for there an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping, singing, or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound.

［A］ to be ［B］ being ［C］ to have been ［D］ having been

8. be＋形容词后面要跟动词不定式作状语，而不用-ING

It is very difficult to manage the company.

二、-ING分词与-ED分词的区别

虽然在语法功能上，-ED分词在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同，但在意义上两者有差别：-ING分词表示主动的意义，而-ED分词则表示被动的意义；-ING分词表示一般性的或正在进行的动作，而-ED分词则表示已经完成和被动的动作。在表现形式上，-ING分词有“一般式”和“完成式”与“主动式”和“被动式”之分；而-ED分词只有一种形式。下边我们分析-ING分词与-ED分词在语法功用上的区别。

1. 作表语时，-ING分词表示主语所具有的特征而-ED分词表示主语所处的状态

The book is quite interesting. I am insteredted in the book very much.

The play is more exciting than any I have

ever seen. That piece of land lay deserted.

2. 作状语时-ING分词表示主语正在进行的另一动作而-ED分词则表示主语发生动作的背景或情况 11) In his movies，W. C. Fields was always at war with the world， .

［A］ battling both people and objects

［B］ both people and objects were battled

［C］ he was battling both people and objects

［D］ both people and objects that were battled

13) Having been served lunch， .

［A］ the problem was discussed by the members of the committee

［B］ the committee members discussed the problem

［C］ it was discussed by the committee members the problem

［D］ a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee

12) for her anthropological research，Margaret Mead also was involved with the World Federation for Mental Health.

［A］ She is noted primarily

［B］ Noted primarily

［C］ Primarily is noted

［D］ She primarily noted

14) Considered one of the leading poets in America today， .

［A］ a number of books and plays have also been written by Sonia Sanchez

［B］ Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of books and plays

［C］ a number of Sonia Sanchez's books and plays have been written

［D］ there have been a number of books and plays written by Sonia Sanchez

3. ①作定语时，-ING分词表示正在进行的动作，而-ED分词表示动作发生在谓语动词之前；②-ING分词表示它所修饰的词经常或当时的状态，而-ED分词则没有时间性；③-ING分词表示主动，而-ED分词表示被动

15) The boiled ［A］ point of any liquid ［B］ is determined ［C］ by the pressure ［D］ of the surrounding gases.

16) High-grade ［A］ written ［B］ paper is frequently ［C］ obtained ［D］ from cotton rags.

17) Scientists ［A］ still cannot find ［B］ any convinced ［C］ link between intelligence ［D］ and the quantity or quality of brain cells.

4. 但少数几个动词的-ED分词，有两种形式而且在意义上有差别，如：bear的-ED分词有born和borne之分，前者只用于“出生”的意义，而后者用于“负担”，“负荷”，“承担”和“传送”之意

I was born in 1966.

His borne responsibility to the whole workers of the factory is really great.

再如：hang的-ED分词也有两种，一是hung,另一形式是hanged, 前者表示“悬挂”，后者表示“吊死，绞死”。strike的-ED分词也有两种：struck和striken, 前者有“打击”“冲击”“感动”等义，而striken只用作形容词，表示“受折磨”之意。

来自及物动词的-ED分词所表示的是被动意义；来自不及物动词的-ED分词则可表示主动和完成的意义：fallen leaves (落叶)，a full-blown rose (盛开的玫瑰), escaped prinsoners(逃犯), the exploded bomb, her deceased husband, the retired workers, the vanished jewels, the newly arrived visitors, the returned students, the risen sun.

三、例题解析

1) A为正确答案。(一般性的动作。)

2) A为正确答案。(连续的动作。)

3) D错。 改为harvesting(抽象的动作)。

4) A为正确答案。(已完成的动作。)

5) C错。 改为to be interviewed(将要发生的动作)。

6) C错。改为to kill(不定或未来动作)。

7) D为正确答案。(过去经常或总是干……)

8) A为正确答案。(习惯于……used是形容词)

9) A错。改为jog。(表示过去经常或总是干……)

10) A为正确答案。

11) A为正确答案。

12) B为正确答案。本句是由-ED分词“noted”引导的-ED结构，在句中说明主句谓语的背景。

13) B为正确答案。

14) B为正确答案。-ED分词“considered”的逻辑主语应为人，除B外的其他选项都无法和空白前-ED结构在逻辑主语上一致。

15) A错。改为boiling。-ED分词含有完成和被动的意思，-ING分词则表示主动、进行，也可用作前置定语表示性状、用途。如：“boiling water(water which is boiling.)”意思是“开水”，意即“正在开着的水”，而“boiled water(water which has been boiled.)”虽也可译为“开水”，但表示“已开过了的水(现在可能凉了)。”本句A处应改为boiling，“boiling point”意思是“沸点”。

16) B错。改用“writing”，“writing paper”意为“写字的纸，信纸”，-ING分词“writing”表用途。与此类似的还有“swimming pool”(游泳池) ，“sleeping car”(卧铺) 。“written”含有完成和被动意味，不合上下文。

17) C错。改为“convincing”。“令人信服的联系”应为“convincing link”，“convincing”含有主动的意味，即“联系”(link)本身具有这种性质，而“convinced”则含有完成或被动的含义， 修饰有生命的名词 。试比较：a surprising man (使人惊讶的人) ，a surprised man (被惊吓了的人)

★ 英语非谓语动词语法

★ 非谓语动词复习教案 :倒装句语法及巩固练习

★ 英语非谓语动词讲解及练习

★ 考研英语：语法(非限定动词)

★ 高考英语语法难点之非谓语动词

★ 非谓语动词总结 学案设计(人教版英语高考复习)

★ 英语语法详解 动词不定式一

★ 英语动词的语法

★ 高考复习：动词短语

★ 精讲动词不定式的特殊用法

语法复习十二：非谓语动词（一）--动词不定式（共7篇）

欢迎下载DOC格式的语法复习十二：非谓语动词（一）--动词不定式，但愿能给您带来参考作用！

推荐度：

点击下载文档 文档为doc格式