考研英语:语法(非限定动词)

时间:2023-02-14 03:41:06 作者:七侠镇扛把子 综合材料 收藏本文 下载本文

【导语】“七侠镇扛把子”通过精心收集,向本站投稿了7篇考研英语:语法(非限定动词),下面是小编为大家整理后的考研英语:语法(非限定动词),供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助您。

篇1:非限定动词语法介绍

种类、意义和特征

1)非限定动词(verbal)有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种,考研英语:语法大全(非限定动词)。

2)非限定动词和限定动词的基本区别

a)限定动词在句子中可以单独作谓语动词,非限定动词在句中则不能单独作谓语动词。

b)限定动词的形式要与主语的人称和数一致,而非限定动词的形式则不受主语的人称和数的限制。如:

He likes to sing

它他喜欢唱歌。

They like to sing.

他们喜欢唱歌。

限定动词like受主语人称和数的限制,的形式与主语一致。第一句为likes,第二句为like。非限定动词sing则不受这种限制,它的形式不随主语而改变。

The man walking in front was carrying a flag.

走在前面的人打着一面旗子。

The men walking in front were carrying flags.

走在前面的人们都打着旗子。

限定动词be受主语的人称和数的限制,它的形式须与主语一致。第一句为was,第二句为were.非限定动词walking则不受主语的.限制,它的形式不随主语而改变。

3)非限定动词的双重性

a)非限定动词有动词的特征:

(a)如果非限定动词是及物动词,须有宾语。

(b)非限定动词可以由状语来修饰。

(c)非限定动词仍有语态和时态的变化,考研英语《考研英语:语法大全(非限定动词)》。

b)非限定动词还有一些非动词的特征它相当于名

词、形容词等,在句子里可以作这些词类所能用作的句子成分。

非限定动词双重性举例:

He promised to do it tonight.他答应今天晚上做。(非限定动词to do的动词性质表现在它有宾语“和状语tonight它的非动词性质表现在它用作promised的宾语。)

I am sorry to have disturbed you.我打扰你了,对不起。(to have disturbed是动词不定式to disturb的完成式,说明非限定动词有时态上的变化,这也是非限定动词的动词性质。)

I saw many people spreading manure in the fields.我看见许多人在地里施肥。(非限定动词spreading是现在分词,它有宾语manure和状语 in the fields。)

There is no time to be lost.必须抓紧时间。(to be lost是动词不定式to lose的被动式,说明非限定动词有语态上的变化这也是非限定动词的动词性质。)

4)非限定动词短语带有宾语或状语的非限定动词

词组,称为非限定动词短语。如:

I have no time to finish that long novel this week.我本周没有时间读完那本长篇小说。(不定式短语)

Forgetting the past means betrayal.忘记过去就意味着背叛。(动名词短语)

Members wishing to see the play are requested to notify Li Min be fore Saturday.愿意看戏的会员请在星期六以前通知李敏。

篇2:如何掌握非限定动词

如何掌握非限定动词

非限定动词即非谓语动词,是那些不能单独作谓语,在人称和数方面不受主语限定的,具有名词、形容词 和副词的某些特征的动词形式,是不定式、分词和动名词的总称。要想掌握非限定动词,首先要熟悉英语的句 子成分、时态及语态等,然后再了解非限定动词的特点、形式、作用及区别等。当然还要做些相关的习题。要 着重掌握以下内容。

一.非限定动词的否定

not须加在非限定动词之前。加强语气时用never代替not。

1. 不定式的否定形式:I promised not to be late. You'dbetter not say that again.

2.动名词的否定形式:Please excuse his not writing to you.

3.分词的否定形式:Not having done his job, he is notallowed to go out.

4.强调时的否定形式:Though never defeated in battle, theyfinally surrendered.

二.非限定动词的完成式、进行式完成进行式及被动式

1.完成式表示动作已经(或本应)完成,往往强调其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。

I'm sorry to have woken you up.

He intended to have come yesterday.

Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again.

2.进行式表示动作正在进行(或反复发生),有时强调某种情感。

I pretended to be reading the newspaper.

I don't want you to be forever finding fault with me.

3.完成进行式表示动作一直在进行(或反复发生,往往与表示一段时间的状语连用。

Having been standing the whole morning,I felt so tired.

I'm sorry to have been troubling you all the time.

4.非限定动词的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时,要用相应的'被动式。

I want this to be done again.

I object to being criticised so stupidly.

The letter written by Tom was funny.(过去分词只有一般式,但自身有被动意义。)

三. 主动式表示被动意义的用法

1.动名词用于need, require, want(需要),demand 以及deserve之后要用主动式。

My bike needs repairing. = My bike needs to be repaired.

2.动名词用于worth之后要用主动式。

The book is worth reading.

3.动名词在past(超过)、for(适合于)、beyond (超过)等介词后要用主动式。

Those trousers are past mending.

This is a room for sleeping in.

4.当不定式作定语,主语又是不定式的动作执行者时,能常用主动式。

I have letters to write.我要写几封信。(我写―主谓关系)

5.当不定式作表语,主语又是不定式的动作承受者时,通常用主动式。

The book is easy to read.= It is easy to read the book. (读书―动宾关系)

四、不定式不带to的用法

1.不定式用于Why和Why not 之后不带to。

Why spend so much money?

Why not ask Susan to help you?

2.当介词except、but前有do、did、does 时, 其后的不定式不带to。

Can't you do anything but ask silly questions?(有do,无to)

试比较:There's nothing to do but wait.

There's no choice but to wait.(无do,需要to)

3.不定式在had better/rather 、would rather/sooner, rather/sooner than等短语后不带to。

You'd better try again.

I'd rather be told

the truth than be lied to.

篇3:英语非谓语动词语法

英语非谓语动词语法

动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。

Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)

爬山是一项好运动。

Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用)

你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗?

He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用)

他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。

谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别:

2) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。

Miss Mary teaches us English.

玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语)

Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.

维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。

(to have a talk.... 不定式作状语)

3) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。

Larke likes the pop music.

拉克喜欢流行音乐。

(动词用单数第三人称形式)

Larke has nothing to do today.

拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形)

非谓语动词的特征:

2 如果非谓语动词是及物动词,后面须跟宾语。

Studying English is my favorite.

学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语)

To help him is my duty.

帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语)

3 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。

Working under such a condition is terrible.

在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。

(under such a condition 是 working 的状语)

It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.

他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。

(for him 作不定式的逻辑主语)

4 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.

对不起让你久等了。

(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)

Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.

从山上看,这座城市美丽多了。

(Seen from...是分词的被动形式)

5 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。

Our coming made him happy.

我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming 起名词作用)

There are two big swimming pools here.

?

这儿有两个大型游泳池。

(swimming 起形容词作用)

非谓语动词的形式变化:

不 定 式 主 动 被 动

一 般 to write to be written

进 行 to be writing /

完 成 to have written to have been written

完成进行 to have been writing /

现在分词 主 动 被 动

一 般 writing being written

完 成 having written having been written

过 去 分 词 一般 written

动 名 词 主 动 被 动

一般 writing being written

完成 having written having been written

动 名 词

动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成,同现在分词形式一样,在句中可作主语, 宾语,表语和定语。

1) 动名词作主语:

Talking like that is not polite.

那样谈话不礼貌。

Learning1 from others is important .

向别人学习很重要。

Putting on more clothes is not so good .

多穿衣服不一定好。

动名词可以象动词不定式一样,用 it 先行祠代替, 而把动名词写在后面。

It's no use waiting here, let's go home.

在这儿等着也没用,我们回家吧。

It's very difficult climbing this mountain.

爬这座山很困难。

2) 动名词作表语

The nurse's job is looking after the patients.

护士的工作是护理病人。

Seeing is believing.

眼见为实。

3) 动名词作宾语

有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.

Please stop smoking2 in the house.

请不要在家里抽烟。

I like reading in the forest.

我喜欢在树林里读书。

Do you mind my opening the windows?

你介意我打开窗户吗?

She is found of collecting stamp.

她喜欢集邮。

动名词作定语

She is studying in the reading room.

她在阅览室学习。

He slept in the sleeping bag.

他在睡袋里睡觉。

动名词的否定形式:not + 动名词

He pretend3 not knowing it at all.

他假装全然不知。

We considered not doing it now.

我们考虑现在不做这件事 。

动名词的时态:

动名词的一般时 动名词的一般时表示动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生,或在谓语动词的动作之后发生。

I enjoy swimming in the big river.

我喜欢在大河里游泳。

I am used to watching TV in the evening.

我习惯于晚上看电视。

动名词的完成时 动名词的完成时表示动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。

She regret not having studied the computer hard.

她后悔没有努力学习计算机。

Do you remember having promised me that?

你记得给我许愿了吗?

动名词的被动形式 :

当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时,用动名词的被动形式来表示。

His being looked down upon made him sick.

他被人冷落使他很伤感。

I can't really stand being treated like that.

我简直受不了这样的对待。

动名词的几个特殊情况:

1) 有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语,有些动词能跟不定式,有些两者都可以, 它们的具体含义有时还不一样。

能跟动名词的动词有:

avoid, consider, delay4, deny5, dislike, endure6, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist7, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。

能跟不定式的动词有:

decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake8, want, wish, agree, manage,

能跟动名词和不定式的动词有:

love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose9, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve10, start,

动词后面跟动名词还是不定式,含义不相同,总的来说,表示习惯的, 一般性的动作多跟动名词,一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。

I like to go with you.

我想和你一块儿去。

I like reading.

我喜欢阅读。

He promised to help her.

他答应过要帮助她。

We love watching VCD.

我们喜欢看VCD。

2) remember, forget, regret后面跟动名词时,动名词表示过去的动作, 后面跟不定式时,不定式表示将来的动作。

I remember meeting him in the street.

我记得在街上见过他。

I remember to write a letter to my parents.

我想起来要给我父母亲写信。

3) ”stop + 动名词“表示停止动名词所表示的动作, ”stop + 不定式“表示停下来 做不定式所表示的动作。

Stop smoking, please.

请不要抽烟 。

Let's stop to have a rest.

咱们停下来休息一下吧。

4) 动名词和分词的区别:

动名词作定语时,动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系,而分词作定语时, 分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。

reading text 阅读课文 〔动名词〕

developing country 发展中国家 〔分词〕

a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔动名词〕

boiled water 开水 〔分词〕

篇4:考研英语:语法(动词不定式)

考研英语:语法大全(动词不定式)

动词不定式

意义、形式和特征

1)基本概念和形式动词不定式(infinitive)是一种非限定动词,由不定式符号to加动词原形所构成。动词不定式有动词的特征,同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。

2)动词不定式的动词特征

a)如果动词不定式是及物的,须有宾语。如:

He wants to study Japanese.他想学习日语。(动词不定式to study后面有宾语Japanese)

b)动词不定式可以被状语修饰。如:

The rain continued to fall heavily.雨继续下得很大。(动词不定式to fall后面有状语heavily)

动词不定式加宾语或状语构成动词不定式短语,如上二例中的to study Japanese和to fall heavily.

3)动词不定式的非动词特征

用法动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,所以它在句子中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。

1)主语

To lean out of the window is dangerous.把身子伸出窗外是危险的。

To talk with him is a great pleasure.和他谈话是一件非常愉快的事。

To die for the people is a glorious death!为人民而死,虽死犹荣。

动词不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语动词的后面,而在句首用引词“作语法上的主语。上述两句即可改为:

It is a great pleasure to talk with him.

It is a glorious death to die for the people.

注意也常用“It is+形容词+动词不定式短语”这样的句型:

It is necessary to make a plan for this course of study.必须订一个学习这门课程的计划。

It is not difficult to learn a foreign if you spend time and effort on it.小只要你花时间下功夫,学好一门外国语并不难。

It's just impossible to see that and not weep.看见那种情景而不哭是根本不可能的。(注意weep之前省去了to,以免重复)

2)表语

Her wish is to become an astronaut.她的愿望是成为一名宇航员。

Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.我们的计划是在两周内完成这项工作。

His only desire was to be useful to the country.他唯一的愿望是做一个对国家有用的人。

3)宾语有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。这些动词有want(想要),wish(想望),like(喜欢),decide(决定),help(帮助),pledge(保证),begin(开始),forget(忘记),learn(学习),ask(要求)等等。动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语。如:

He wants to be a village school teacher in a mountain area.他要做个山村教师。

Do you like to watch football matches?你喜欢看足球赛吗?

Learn to walk before you run.先学走后学跑。

We decided to make changes in our plan.我们决定把计划做些修改。

动词不定式也可以用来作某些形容词的'宾语。这些形容词通常只有ready(准备好,愿意),eager(急于),anxious(急于)等,但为了学习上的方便,也可以包括able(能够),sure(一定),glad(高兴),sorry(难过),afraid(怕),free(随意),pleased(高兴),determined(决心),willing(愿意)等。如:

He is sure to succeed.他肯定会成功。

How do you do? I'm glad to meet you.你好?见到你很高兴。

The boys and girls are anxious to learn how to skate.这些男孩子和女孩子渴望学会滑冰。

4)定语动词不定式作定语时,须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。如:

He is always the first one to get up.他总是第一个起床。

I have a few words to say on this question.关于这个问题我有几句话要说。

They are discussing ways to guarantee high output.他们正在讨论保证高产量的办法。

After the Ching Ming Festival it is time to sow sorghum,millet and corn.清明节一过,正是播种高梁、谷子和玉米的时节。

5)状语动词不定式作状语时,一般放在它所修饰的动词之后。

a)表示目的

He went to Beijing to study in 1988.一九八八年他去北京学习。

He went to Paris to learn French.他去巴黎学法文。

注一:强调动词不定式所表示的目的时,动词不定式可变为in order to (为了)或so as to(以便)加动词原形。如:

We often listen to English broadcasts in order to get more practice in training our ears.我们经常听广播,以便加强听力训练。

In order to learn acupuncture,she practiced on herself every day.为了学习针灸,她每天在自己身上试验。(注意in order to可放在句首)

We must have good soil so as to grow roses.种玫瑰花要有好的土壤。

注二:动词不定式可以放在句首,使其所表示的目的更加明显突出。如:

To be a good teacher one must use good teaching methods.要成为好的教师一定要有好的教学方法。

To de fend our country we must strengthen ourselves.为了保卫祖国,我们必须自强不息。

注三:注意有些用作句子独立成分的习惯语,如to begin with(首先),to conclude(最后),to be sure(当然),to tell you the truth(老实对你说)等。

b)表示结果

My grandmother lived to see the birth of my little daughter.我的祖母活到亲眼看到我的小女儿出生。

A few years later he came home to find that his hometown had greatly changed.几年后他回到家里,发现故乡的面貌大大地改变了。

注一:有时可以用too……to(太…而不能)结构来表示“结果办不到”。如:

He is too young to join the army.他太年轻了,不能参军。

It was too cold,to go out last night.昨晚太冷,无法出去。

注二:动词不定式和only连用时,常表示未预料到的结果。如:

I went to see him only to find him out.我去看他,不料他出去了。

I hurried to the post office,only to find it was closed.我匆忙赶到邮局,不料已经关门了。

篇5:考研英语:语法(动词及用法)

考研英语:语法大全(动词及用法)

动词概说

1)动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词。

a)表示动作:swim游泳push推

b)表示状态:have有be是

2)英语动词有时态、语态、语气等形式上的变化。

限定动词和非限定动词

从是否被主语所限定来分,动词有限定动词(finite verb)和非限定动词(nonfinite verb)两大类。

1)限定动词限定动词用作句子的谓语动词,并被主语所限定,有人称和数的变化。如:

He is a tractor driver.他是一个拖拉机手。

Facts are more eloquent than words.事实胜于雄辩。

We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。

An apple falls by the force of gravitation.地心吸力使苹果落地。

2)非限定动词非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种,在句子里都不能单独作谓语动词,故不被主语所限定,没有人称和数的变化。如:

I am pleased to meet you.我很高兴与你相识。(动词不定式)

Smoking is harmful to the health.吸烟对身体有害。(动名词)

I heard them singing the Internationale.我听见他们唱《国际歌》。(分词)

Spoken words are often more powerful than writing.语言往往比文字更有力。(分词)

实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词

从其含义来分,动词有实义动词(notional verb),连系动词(1ink verb),情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类。

1)实义动词实义动词有完全的词义,并能独立作谓语动词。如:

The sun shone brightly this morning.今天早晨阳光灿烂。

He likes to go for a long walk on sundays.他喜欢星期日出去作长距离散步。

We have a big TV set in the club.我们俱乐部有台大电视机。

2)连系动词连系动词在句中作谓语动词,后面跟表语。英语连系动词有be(是),seem(似乎),look(看来),keep(保持),become(变成),get(变得),grow(变得),feel(感到),turn(变得,变成),appear(显得),remain(仍旧是)等。如:

It is never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。

It was a close game.那场球赛比分很接近。

The children in this nursery look very healthy.这个托儿所的孩子看起来都非常健康。

Keep quiet,please!请安静!,

The tape recorder seems all right.这台录音机好像没有毛病。

Later he became a doctor.他后来成为一名医生。

The problem remained unsolved until last year.问题到去年才解决。

注一:下面句子中的come和go也是连系动词。如:

The old man's dream has come true.这位老人的梦想实现了。

Something has gone wrong with the truck.卡车出毛病了。

注二:有些连系动词如seem, appear等后面常跟to be.如:

The new text seens to be easy,but actually it is rather difficult.这篇新课文好像很容易,其实相当难。

She appears to be the girl's sister.她似乎是那女孩的姐姐。

3)情态动词情态动词有can (能),may (可以,也许),must(必须)等及其过去式could,might等,表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。

注:关于情态动词详见第十一章。

4)助动词助动词有shall,will,have,be,should,wonld,do等。它们只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式,以及否定和疑问等结构中的谓语动词。

及物动词和不及物动词

从是否需要宾语来分,实义动词又有及物动词和不及物动词两类。

1)及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如:

I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。

“How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?”

Dr. Bethune set us a good example.白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。

Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。

2)不及物动词本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如:

Birds fly.鸟会飞。

It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三;年六月。

My watch stopped.我的表停了。

She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。

3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:

a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:

Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)

She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)

When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave作及物动词)

They left last week.他们是上周离开的。(left作不及物动词)

b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如:

Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。

Does this cloth wash well?这布经得起洗吗?

4)与汉语的`比较有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况:

a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,1isten听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如:

We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)

Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.)

Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)

b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。

Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务。

短语动词

动词常和某些其他词类用在一起,构成固定词组,形成所谓短语动词(phrasal verb)。和动词一样,短语动词也可分为及物和不及物两种。短语动词可以作为一个整体看待,同一般动词一样使用。

1)动词+介词这类短语动词用作及物动词,后面须跟宾语。如:

The small boy insisted on going with his parents.那男孩坚持要跟父母一起去。

Do you often listen to broadcasts in English?你常听英语广播吗?

Look at the children. Aren't they lovely?看着这些孩子们。他们多么可爱呀!

We stand for self-reliance.我们是主张自力更生的。

这一类的短语动词还有很多,如depend on (upon)(依*),wait on (服侍),look for (寻找),deal with(对待),look after(照料),wait for(等待)等。

2)动词+副词这类短语动词有的用作及物动词,有的用作不及物动词。如:

I always get up as soon as the bell rings.我总是一打铃就起床。(不及物)

Look out,there's a car coming!当心,来汽车了!(不及物)

Have you handed in your exercises already?你已经交练习了吗?(及物)

Please don't forget to put on your coat;it's cold outside.请不要忘记穿外衣,外面很冷。(及物)

这一类的短语动词还有很多,及物如put out (扑灭),eat up (吃光),putdown(放下);不及物如set off (出发),come up(走近),go on(继续)。

注一:“动词+副词”这类短语动词和上面第一类“动词+介词”的不同之处在于:“动词+介词”用作及物动词,后面须跟宾语。“动词+副词”则有的及物,有的不及物;用作及物动词而宾语为人称代词或自身代词时,副词往往放在宾语之后。如:

Please wake me up at five tomorrow.请在明天早上五点唤醒我。

If you have done your exercises,please hand them in.如果你们练习做完了请交来。

She doesn't normally behave like that;she's putting it on.她通常并不如此表现,她是装出来的。

注二:这类短语动词有不少可兼作及物和不及物动词用。如:

He took off his hat when he entered the office.

他进办公室后脱下帽子。(及物)

The plane took off at seven sharp.

飞机在七点整起飞。(不及物)

Charlie rang up Neil to ask about the time of the meeting.

查理打电话给尼尔问开会的时间。(及物)

If you can't come,please ring up and let us know.你如来不了,请来电话告诉我们一声。(不及物)

3)动词+副词+介词短语动词“动词+副词”之

篇6:考研英语动词语法介绍

考研英语动词语法介绍

一、时态(Tense)

时态是表示动作发生的时间和表现方式的一种动词形式,英语动词的时态有16种,但在研究生考试以及其他考试中常考的时态只有几种。不管何种时态,所包含的主要内容都是相同的,即时态的构成以及用法。本书着重讲解重要时态的用法。

(一)一般现在时(Simple Present Tense)

1. 表示客观真理或科学事实。

例句: The moon has a mass that is nearly one hundred times less than that of the earth;in consequence, the force of gravity at the moon?s surface is only one?sixth of that at the earth?s surface.

分析: 该句是复合句,定语从句that is nearly...less than that of the earth修饰a mass;in consequence后是另一个并列句。

译文: 月球的质量差不多是地球质量的1/100,因此月球表面的引力只有地球表面引力的1/6。

例句: One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. By this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation. (第8题)

分析: 该句由两个句子构成,前一个是简单句,后一个句子是复合句;that后是一宾语从句。

译文: 翻译中的一个难点在于找到一个相对应的概念。这就是说,在翻译过程中一种语言的概念会丢失或发生意义上的改变。

2. 表示现在反复发生或习惯性的动作以及存在的'状态,常与always,often,usually, sometimes, once a week,seldom,never等时间状语连用。

例句: It?s usually the case that people seldom behave in a rational way when in a furious state.

分析: 该句是复合句,从句that people seldom behave in a rational way是the case的同位语;when后省略了people are。

译文: 人们在暴怒时通常会丧失理智。

例句: Physicians frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified. (选自Text 4)

分析: 该句是复合句,其中主干部分为physicians too often offer aggressive treatment...。分词短语frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient作physicians的后置定语;从句what is scientifically justified作介词beyond 的宾语。

译文: 医生由于不能够治愈疾病,同时又担心病人失去希望,因而常常采用极端大胆的治疗方法,这些方法远远超过了科学所能认同的界限。

3. 表示按计划进行的将来动作,常用come,arrive,catch,fly,leave,go,start等词。

例句: When he comes, please inform him of all that I have just told you.

分析: 该句是复合句。该复合句中包含when引导的时间状语从句和that引导的定语从句。

译文: 他来时,请转告他我告诉你的一切。

4. 用在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。

例句: He will come the moment he finishes his work.

分析: 该句中的the moment为连词,意为“一……就”,相当于as soon as。

译文:他一结束工作就会来。

例句: If it is fine tomorrow, we?ll go shopping.

译文: 如果明天天气好的话,我们将去逛商场。

5. 表示主语的能力、性格、个性等。

例句: As an industry, biotechnology stands to rival electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact

by 2020. (20第25题)

分析: 该句是简单句,surpass前省略了不定式to。

译文: 作为一门产业,生物技术在营业额上可以与电子业相媲美,并且到了还有可能在社会影响上超过它。

例句: The director treats his staff as equals.

译文: 主任对其下属一视同仁。

6. 表示格言或警句。

例句: A fence needs the support of three stakes; an able fellow needs the help of three other people.

译文: 一个篱笆三个桩,一个好汉三个帮。

例句: Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.

译文: 读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。

篇7:英语的非谓语动词语法

英语的非谓语动词语法

Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)

爬山是一项好运动。

Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用)

你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗?

He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用)

他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。

谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别:

3) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。

Miss Mary teaches us English.

玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语)

Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.

维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。

(to have a talk.... 不定式作状语)

4) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。

Larke likes the pop music.

拉克喜欢流行音乐。

(动词用单数第三人称形式)

Larke has nothing to do today.

拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形)

非谓语动词的特征:

3 如果非谓语动词是及物动词,后面须跟宾语。

Studying English is my favorite.

学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语)

To help him is my duty.

帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语)

4 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。

Working under such a condition is terrible.

在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。

(under such a condition 是 working 的状语)

It's too difficult for him to master

English in such a short time.

他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。

(for him 作不定式的逻辑主语)

5 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.

对不起让你久等了。

(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)

Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.

从山上看,这座城市美丽多了。

(Seen from...是分词的被动形式)

6 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。

Our coming made him happy.

我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming 起名词作用)

There are two big swimming pools here.

这儿有两个大型游泳池。

(swimming 起形容词作用)

非谓语动词的形式变化:

不 定 式 主 动 被 动

一 般 to write to be written

进 行 to be writing/

完 成 to have written to have been written

完成进行 to have been writing /

现在分词 主 动 被 动

一 般 writingbeing written

完 成 having written having been written

过去分词 一般 written

动 名 词 主 动 被 动

一 般 writingbeing written

完 成 having written having been written

分 词

分词是由动词 +ing 或 动词 + ed 构成,它在句中起形容词或副词的作用,可以作定语,表语,状语。

working worked washing washed

分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种,现在分词的形式同动名词一样,在动词后面加 ing 。 而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加 ed. 分词在句中可作定语,状语或表语。

分词作定语

China is a developing1 country.

中国是一个发展中国家。

That's an interesting story.

这是一个有趣的故事。

The girl singing for us is ten years old.

给我们唱歌的女孩十岁了。

作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前,如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后, 如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等,分词放在被修饰名词的后面。

The working people have played a great role in the activity.

工人在这次活动中起主要作用。

The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.

被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院。

There is nothing interesting.

没什么有趣的事。

分词和动名词都可以作定语,判断是分词还是动名词,可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断, 有主谓关系的是分词, 否则判断为动名词。

a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。(分词)

a swimming pool 游泳的池子 (动名词)

分词作状语

Being a student, he likes to help others.

作为一个学生,他喜欢帮助别人。

Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.

戴了一副新眼镜,她看书就好多了。

She is there waiting for us.

她在那儿等我们呢。

Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.

经老师一说,她知道自己不对。

分词作表语

The story is interesting .

故事有趣。

We are interested in computer.

我们对计算机感兴趣。

The glass is broken.

玻璃杯破了。

The water is boiled.

水是开的。

分词作宾语补足语

可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。

I saw him walking in the street.

我看见他在街上走。

I heard them singing in the classroom.

我听见他们在教室里唱歌。

We found the boy sleeping.

我们发现小孩睡着了。

have 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的,而是由别人做的。

I have my hair cut.

我理发了。(是别人给我理发)

She has her bike repaired.

她把自行车修理了。(别人修理的)

They have their house rebuilt.

他们重修了房子。

分词的否定形式。not + 分词

Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.

不知道下一步干什么,她停下来等着。

Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare2 to go to school.

小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。

分词的时态

分词的一般时表示动作同谓语动词的动作同时发生或之前发生。

Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.

看到老师进来,学生们停下来不玩了。

Coming into the room, he lied on his bed.

回到家后,他就躺在床上。

分词的完成时表示的动作在谓语动词的前面发生。

Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.

收到一封信后,我知道一切都很好。

Having had my supper, I went out for a walk.

晚饭后,我出去散步了。

Having known3 that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.

他知道自己比赛获胜,高兴地把帽子扔上了天。

分词的被动形式

分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。

The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.

正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。

英语非谓语动词语法

英语动词的语法

语法复习十二:非谓语动词(一)--动词不定式

英语非谓语动词讲解及练习

非谓语动词复习教案 :倒装句语法及巩固练习

考研英语倒装语法复习

考研英语写作:词汇语法两不误

英语副词语法

非谓语动词总结 学案设计(人教版英语高考复习)

高考英语语法难点之非谓语动词

考研英语:语法(非限定动词)(共7篇)

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