高一语法复习高考情态动词试题详解 (人教版高一英语下册教学论文)

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篇1：高一语法复习高考情态动词试题详解 (人教版高一英语下册教学论文)

高一语法复习

06年高考情态动词试题详解

何学群

1. ―What’s the name?

―Khulaifi. I spell that for you ? 北京卷

A. Shall B. Would C. Can D .Might

解析：考查情态动词的本义，征求对方的意见

2. If it were not for the fact that she ____sing, I would invite her to the party. （福建）

A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not

解析：考查情态动词的本义，表示通常的能力，couldn’t 是最大的干扰项，学生会受前面were所表示虚拟语气句型的影响。

3. I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus, _______? （福建）

A. hadn’t you B. wouldn’t you C. aren’t D. didn’t she

解析：考查情态动词would rather句型，宾语从句中用过去时，反意问句助动词应与从句中的went保持一致。

4. The workers will go on strike if the demands they ____put forward are turned down.（福建）

A. could B. would C.不填 D. had

解析：该句的they ____ put forward 是定语从句，表明过去的事实：“他们提出的要求”因此不用情态动词。

5. ------ Must he come to sign this paper himself? (广东)

------ Yes, he .

A. need B. must C. may D. will

解析：考查情态动词的本义，征求对方的意见，must 表示“必须”。

6. fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.（ 湖北卷）

A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be

解析：考查情态动词的虚拟用法。还原成原来的句型是：If you should be fired---，该句型中用should 或were to be表示与将来的事实相反。例如：

_____it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

A. Should B. Would C. Could D. Must

分析：在条件状语从句中，should 表示“万一”，即可表示不能实现的假设，又可表示可以实现的假设。该句意思为“万一明天下雨，会议就延期。”答案为A。

该句等于If it should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

= If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

= Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

= Were it to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

7. Some aspects of a pilot’s job ___ be boring, and pilots often ____ work at inconvenient hours. (湖南)

A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must

解析：前面考查情态动词can的推测用法，表示理论上的可能性；后面考查情态动词have to 的本义，表示客观事实的限制。

8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. (江西)

A. should have taken B. could have taken

C. needn’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken

解析：考查情态动词的虚拟用法，表示对过去事实的责备。

9. As you worked late yesterday, you___ have come this morning.（陕西）

A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t

解析：同第8题。

10. ------Is Jack on duty today?

--------It _________be him. It’s his turn tomorrow.（四川）

A. mustn’t B. won’t C. can’t D. needn’t

解析：考查情态动词的推测用法，表示现在状态的“不可能”。

11. We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.（天津）

A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t

解析：考查情态动词的推测用法，表示过去动作的“可能没有”。

12 --- Could I have a word with you, mum?（浙江）

--- Oh dear, if you ________.

A. can B. must C. may D. should

解析：考查情态动词的本义，must 表示“如果你必须和我谈的话”。学生可能会受could的影响只注意形式选can, 忽视句子的意思。

13 --- I think I’ll give Bob a ring.

--- You _______. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages.（江苏）

A. will B. may C. have to D. should

解析：考查情态动词的规劝用法，should 表示“应该”。

14. ------ Will you be able to finish your report today? （全国2）

------ .

A. I like it B. I hope so C. I’ll do so D. I’d love it

15. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, ?（全国2）

A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we

解析：考查情态动词在反意问句中的用法，祈使句后用will you征求对方的意见。

16. We hope that as many people as-possible join us for the picnic tomorrow. （全国2）

A. need B. must C. should D. can

解析：考查情态动词的推测用法，表示将来动作的“理论或事实上的可能性”。

17.There’s no light on----they be at home. （全国1）

A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t

解析：考查情态动词的推测用法，表示对现在状态的否定推测。

18. ------ May I smoke here ?（山东）

------ If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.

A. should B. could C. may D. must

解析：考查情态动词的本义，同第12 题。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇2：语法复习十一：助动词与情态动词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法复习十一：助动词与情态动词

（一）助动词有be, have, do, will, shall。它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。

1、be (am, is, are, were, been)

(l)“be + -ing”构成进行时态；（2）“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态；（3）“be + 动词不定式”构成复合谓语：①表示按计划安排要发生的事。The prime minister is to visit Japan next year. 总理将于明年访问日本。② 用于命令。You're to do your homework before you watch TV.你得做完了作业才能看电视。

2、have (has, had)

(1)“have+过去分词”构成完成时态。如：Have you seen the film ? (2)“have been + -ing”构成完成进行时态。如：What have you been doing these days? 这些日子你一直在干什么?

3、do (does, did)

(1)“do not + 动词原形”构成行为动词的否定式。如：His brother doesn’t like playing basket.；(2)“Do + 主语 + 动词原形”构成行为动词的一般疑问句。Does he go to school by bike every day? (3)“do + 动词原形”用于祈使句或陈述句中表示加强语气。如：I did go to see him, but he wasn’t in我确实去看望他了，但他不在家。Do do some work. 请一定做点什么；(4)代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复。My mother told me to go to bed early. So I did.

4.will, shall (would, should)

“will (shall+动词原形”构成一般将来时，一般来说shall用于第一人称，will用于第二人称或第三人称，口语中常用will代替shll，如：We will have a meeting to discuss the problem.

（二）情态动词

情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。但不能单独作谓语动词用，必须和不带to的不定式连用构成谓语动词。只有情态动词ought要和带to的动词不定式连用，在句中作谓语用。

将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式，在情态动词之后加not既构成其否定式。现将各情态动词的基本用法分述如下：

1、can和could (could为can的过去式) 的基本用法

(1)表示能力，如：He can speak English better than you. (2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”，如：Can this green bike be Liu Dong's? (3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用，如：You can (may) go home now. (4)如果要表示语气婉转，可用could代替can，这时could不再是can的过去式，如：Could you come again tomorrow? (5)can和be able to都可表示能力，两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式，而be able to则有更多的形式，如：He will be able to do the work better.

2、may和might (might为may的过去式)的基本用法

(1)表示允许或征询对方许可，有“可以”之意，如：You may use my dictionary. 在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时，一般多不用may或 may not，以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。如：---- May I use this dictionary? ---- Yes, please. 或 ---- Certainly. 在请求对方许可时，如果Might I…? 就比用May I…? 语气更婉转些，如：May I have a look at your new computer? 但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时，要用must not代替may not，如：---- May we swim in this lake? ---- No, you mustn’t. It’s too dangerous. (2)may或 might都可以表示可能性，表示“或许”、“可能”之意，如果用might表示可能性，则语气更加不肯定，如：They may (might) be in the library now .

3、must的基本用法

(1)must表示“必须”、“应该”之意，其否定式 must not，缩写形式为 mustn't，表示“不应该”，“不准”、“不许可”或“禁止”之意，如：We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustn't touch the fire. (2)对以must提出的疑问句，如作否定回答时，要用needn't或用don't (doesn't) have to (不 必)来回答，而不用mustn't，因为mustn't表示的是“禁止”或“不许可”之意，如：---- Must we finish the work tomorrow? ---- No, you needn't (don't have to), but you must finish it in three days. (3)在肯定句中must可以表示推测，表示“一定”或“必定”之意，如：---- Whose new bike can it be? ---- It must be Liu Dong's. I know his father has just bought him a new one.

4、can, could, may, must后接完成式的用法

(1)can, could后接完成式的用法：①在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度，Could he have said so? ②在肯定句中，可以表示过去可能做到而实际并没做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。如：---- When did you answer her letter? ---- Only yesterday. ---- It's too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure. (2)may, might后接完成式的用法 ①表示对过去某事的推测，认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了。如果使用might，语气就比较婉转或更加不肯定，如：Mary might have learned some Chinese before. ②可以表示过去本来可以做到而实 际没有做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气，如：You didn't do the work well that day. You might have done it better. (3)must后接完成式的用法：表示对过去某事的推测，认为某事在过去一定做到 了，如：Liu Dong isn’t in the classroom. He must have gone to the library.

5、have to 的基本用法：have to和must的意义相近，只是 must侧重表示说话人的主观看法，而have to 则表示客观需要，如：I must study hard. I had to give it up because of illness.

6、ought to的基本用法

(l)表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事，语气比should强，例如：Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations. (2)表示推测，注意与must表示推测时的区别：He must be home by now .(断定他已到家)，He ought to be home by now .(不十分肯定)，This is where the oil must be.(比较直率) ，This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄) ；(3)“ought + have+ 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而 实际未做。例如：You ought to have helped him. (but you didn’t) 这时，ought与 should可以互相换用。注意，在美国英语中ought to 用于否定和疑问句时to可以省略。例如：Ought you smoke so much? You oughtn’t smoke so much.

7、dare的基本用法

(l)dare (dared为其过去式) 作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件从句中，如：Dared he bread the traffic regulations again? (2)在现代英语中dare常用作行为动词，其变化与一般行为动词相同，如：She dares to stay at home alone at night.

8、need的基本用法

(1)need作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，如：He needn't worry about us now. (2)need也可作为行为动词用，可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句中，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带 to 的动词不定式为其宾语。如：You need to practise reading aloud every day. (3)needn't后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情，如：---- Did you answer the letter yesterday? ---- Yes, I did. ---- But you needn’t have answered it.

9、shall的基本用法

(1)shall用作情态动词时，用于第二、三人称，表示说活人的意愿，可表示“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意，如：He shall go first, whether he wants to or not. (2)在疑问句中，shall用于第一、三人称，表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示，如：Shall I open the door?

10、should的基本用法

(1)should作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意，如：You should learn from each other. (2)should后接完成式表示过去没有做到本来应该做的事情，或是做了本来不应该做的事情。如：You should have give him more help.

11、will的基本用法

(1)用于各人称，可以表示“意志”或“决心”，如：I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen. (2)在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿，如：Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium? (3)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“会要”之意，如：Every morning he will have a walk along this river.

12、would的基本用法

(1)would作为will的过去式，可用于各人称，表示过去时间的“意志”或“决心”，如：He promised he would never smoke again. (2)在疑问句中，用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或许问对方的意愿时，比用will的气更加婉转，如：Would you like some more coffee? (3)在日常生活中，学用“I would like to…”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意，以使语气婉转，如：I would like to do Ex.2 first. (4)would可以表示过去的习惯动作，比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class. / During the vacation he would visit me every week. (5)表料想或猜想，如：It would be about ten when he left home./ What would she be doing there?/ I thought he would have told you about it.

13、used to, had better, would rather的用法

(1)used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变，例如：He told us he used to play foot ball when he was young. 在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。疑问句：Did you use to/ Used you to go to the same school as your brother? 否定句：I usedn’t to / didn’t use to go there. (usedn’t 也可写作usen’t)；否定疑问句：Usen’t you to/ Didn’t you use to be interested in the theatre? 强调句：I certainly used to/ did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.；其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：She used to be very fat. didn’t she?/ use(d)n’t she? Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did./ Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did./ used to. (2)had better意为“最好”，后接不带to的不定式，例如：---- We had better go now . ---- Yes, we had (we'd better/ we had better)./ Hadn’t we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)/ I think I’d better be going. (用于进行时态，表“最好立即”)/ You had better have done that (用于完成时态，表未完成动作) 注：had better用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用。(3)would rather意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带to的不定式，例如：I’d rather not say anything./ Would you rather work on a farm?/ ---- Wouldn’t you rather stay here? ---- No, I would not. I’d rather go there. 由于would rather表选择，因 而后可接than，例如：I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. / I would rather watch TV than go to see the film/ I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie./ I’d rather you didn’t talk about this to anyone. (句中的 'd rather不是情态动词，would 在此是表愿望的实义动词)

练习、助动词与情态动词

1. If they _________ to do this work, he might do it some other way.

A. were B. should C. will D. can

2. I was told yesterday that the company _________ me to Rome next week for a business conference.

A. should have sent B. were going to send C. should be sending D. should send

3. Let's take a walk, ________? A. will we B. don't we C. do we D. shall we

4. He was a good swimmer so he _________ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.

A. could B. might C. should D. was able to

5. I went to the doctor's yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he ________ see me.

A. can B. may C. might D. could

6. ---- _________ this book be yours? ---- No, it ________ not be mine. It ________ be his.

A. Can, must, may B. May, might, must C. Can, may, must D. Must, can, may

7. “We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday. ” “He _________ it. ”

A. mustn't attend B. can't have attended C. would have not attended D. needed have attended

8. They _________ the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.

A. can have missed B. may have missed C. can have lost D. may have lost

9. Since the ground is white, it _________ last night.

A. had snowed B. must have snowed C. must be snowing D. must have been snowing

10. You must be fifty, ________?

A. mustn't you B. needn't you C. aren't you D. mnyn't you

11. You must have seen him off yesterday, _________?

A. haven't you B. didn't you C. mustn't you D. needn't you

12. ---- That must be a mistake. ---- No .it _________ be.

A. can't B. isn't able to C. can D. was able to

13. He had known the matter before you told him, so you _________ have told it to him.

A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. shouldn't

14. How ________ so?

A. dare you to say B. dare you say C. do you dare say D. dare to say

15. You are their teacher. You _________ care of them.

A. should to take B. might to take C. ought to take D. need to take

16. She is studying medical science now but she _________ a lawyer.

A. used to be B. would be C. were D. had been

17. If you were in an English-speaking country, you, too, _________ English every day.

A. will be used to speak B. will be used to speaking

C. must be used to speak D. would be used to speaking

18. I did not call to make my airline reservation (预订) but I _________.

A. should have B, may have C. must have D. shall have

19. As a girl, she _________ get up at six every day.

A. would B. will C. might D. should

20. Don't you remember that we _________ to the cinema tonight?

A. would go B. go C. are going D. will be gone

21. ---- Shall I tell John about it? ---- No, you _________. I've told him already.

A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't

22. “Would you mind if I open the window?” “__________”.

A. I don't like it B. Yes .please C. No, please D. No. I'm sorry

23. “Would you tell me something about the affair?” “__________”.

A. Yes .please B. All right C. Not at all D. I do

24. M:________?

T:I'd love to, but I'm afraid I have no time.“

M:0h, no. You'll surely come over.

T: It's very nice of you. But I'm sorry I have to go to a meeting.

A. Do you have lunch out in a restaurant B. Shall I have you with me at my birthday

C. Did you go to see the film D. Have you enjoyed yourself at the party

25. ”You ought to have come here ten minutes ago?“ ”Yes, I _________. “

A. ought to B. ought to have C. ought D. have ought to

26. ”Would you like to go out for a walk?“ ”Yes, ___________. “

A. I'd like to B. I'd like C. I'll like to D. I would

27. ________ you succeed !

A. Can B. May C. Must D. Will

28. Did he need ________ then?

A. leave B. to leave C. leaving D. left

29. Do you think if he dares _________ in public.

A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. spoken

30. He ________ eating American food since he came here.

A. used to B. has been used C. has been used to D. was used to

31. A computer ________ think for itself; it ________ be told what to do.

A. may not, must B. mustn't, might C. shouldn't, could D. can't, must

32. ”________ you mind my opening the window?“ ”Not at all. “

A. Shall B. Should C. Will D. Would

33.1 didn't hear the phone. I _________ asleep.

A. must be B. must have been C. should have been D. could have been

34. You _________ me about it earlier, but you didn't.

A. should have told B. would have told C. must have told D. should tell

35. The teacher told the students that they ________ keep silent in class all the time.

A. ought to not B. ought not to C. ought not to have D. can't

36. ”May I go now?“ ”No, you ________. “

A. mustn't B. needn't C. mightn't D. won't

37. You _________ do the exercise if you don't want to.

A. may not B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't

38. You _________ pay more attention to your spelling next time.

A. would B. should C. will D. shall

39. The girl _________ out alone at night.

A. dare not go B. dare not to go C. dares not go D. does not dare go

40. There ________ be a lot of small houses on both sides of the street.

A. used to B. get used to C. would D. did use to

参考答案：

语法复习十一：助动词与情态动词

1~5 ABDDD 6~10 CBBBC 11~15 BACBC 16~20 ADAAC 21~25 ACBBB

26~30 ABBCC 31~35 DDBAB 36~40 ADBAA

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇3：语法系列复习六-----情态动词、主谓一致 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法系列复习专题六-----情态动词、主谓一致

情 态 动 词

一、一般疑问句中几个情态动词的问与答

1. Need I/he/…?

Yes,you/he/…must.(不用need)

2. Must I/ he/…?

No,you/ he/…needn’t/don’t(doesn’t,won’t)have to.(不用mustn’t)

3. May I/ he/…?

No,you/ he/…mustn’t.(少用may not)

4. Could(Can)you…?

Yes,I can (不用could)

5. Shall I/she/ he…?

No,you(she,he)needn’t/can’t/mustn’t

二、情态动词表“推测”

1.can,may,must使用的句式：

1)肯定陈述句中：must表“肯定、必定、一定”意，may/might表“也许，或许”意。

2)否定陈述句中：can’t/couldn’t表“不可能”意，may not/might not表“也许不、可能不”意。

3)疑问句中：只能用can或could,不能用must,may或might。

注意：表推测的could,might并不是指过去时间，而是表示比can,may把握性略小些的情况。

2.对目前状态的推测：

1)must/may/might/can/could＋be＋表语

例如：She must be a teacher.她肯定是老师。She can’t/couldn’t be a doctor.她肯定不是医生。 He may not/might not be a doctor.他可能不是医生。

2)must/may/might/can/could＋一些不能用于进行时的静态动词(如:have,exist,live,like,hate,own,belong to等)

例如：She must have her own car,for she has a lot of money.

That kind of bird may live in the valleys.

3.对目前正在发生的事情进行推测：

句式：must/may/might/can/could＋be doing

例如：They must be waiting for us.他们肯定正在等我们。

She may/might be doing her homework.她可能正在做作业。

Can/Could he be playing football?他会正在踢足球吗？

4.对已发生的事情进行推测：

句式：must/may/might/can/could＋have done

例如：There’s no lignt in the room. They must have gone to bed./She knows nothing about the film. She can’t/couldn’t have seen it./Can/Could he have been a doctor?/He may/might(not)have been a teacher./They must have been watching TV at nine last night./Can/Could she have stayed in Beijing last year?

注意：will have done句式也可表“肯定/可能已经…”推测意。

例如：He will have learned advanced mathematics,for he knows a lot about it. 他肯定/可能学过高等数学，因为他对此懂得很多。

三、“情态动词＋have done”用法

1.should/ought to ＋have done,意“本应该…”，含有责备或后悔意。

例如：You should have come here a little earlier./I ought to have sent him to school./

2.shouldn’t/oughtn’t to＋have done,意“本不应该”，含有责备或后悔意。

例如：You shouldn’t have watered the flower./I oughtn’t to have scolded her for such a small thing.

3.might have done,意“过去可能做”；could have done意“本能够做”，两者都含有委婉批评或遗憾之意，也可表对过去情况的推测。

例如：He might have gone to Nanjing with Professor Wang.last week,but he was ill.上星期他本可以和王教授一起去南京的，可他病了。We could have finished the work ahead of time.我们本来是能够提前完成工作的。

四、情态动词在反意疑问句中的用法

1.“肯定祈使句＋附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/would/won’t you形式。

例如：Stand still,will/would/won’t you?

2.“否定祈使句＋附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/would you形式。

例如：Don’t watch TV,will/would you?

3.Let’s…,shall we? ; Let us…,will/won’t you?

4.含有must句子的反意问句

1)must表示“必须”时，附加部分常用needn’t,也可用mustn’t.例如：He must go with you,needn’t/mustn’t he?

2)mustn’t表“一定不能”时，附加部分用may.例如：She mustn’t leave,may she?

3)must表“一定、想必”推测意时，附加部分主要有下列几种形式：

A.He must be an engineer,isn’t he?They must be writing now,aren’t they?(这类句子问句前部分含“must be…”或“must be doing…”。)

B.She must have a car/live there, doesn’t she?

C.He must have seen the film,hasn’t he？(这类句子问句前部分的谓语为must have done,句子无具体过去时间状语。)

D.He must have seen the film last week,didn’t he?(这类句子问句前面部分的谓语为must have done,句子有具体过去时间状语。)

E.Mother must have been shopping then,wasn’t she?(前面部分谓语为must have been doing。)

5.含有may表推测的句子，其反意问句形式与must表推测的反意问句形式相似。

例如：She may have finished her homework,hasn’t she?

五、几组词语辨析

1.must与have to:must强调说话者的主观看法，have to强调客观需要，表示“不必”意要用needn’t或don’t/didn’t/won’t have to,不能用mustn’t。

2.can/could与be able to:can多用于现在时，也可用于将来时，could只用于过去时，be able to可用于各种时态。表示“过去经过努力而做成(或没做成)”要用was/were(not) able to ，而不用could(not)。例如：He worked hard,but he wasn’t able to pass the exam.

3.will,would,used to:都可表“习惯”意。①will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作。如：Fish will die out of water./ She’ll sit for hours without saying anything.

②would表示过去习惯性的动作，但不涉及与现在情况的对比。如：He would walk by the river in the morning.注意：would后不能跟表状态动词。例如不能说He would be late for school last year. ③used to表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但这种习惯现在已不存在了。如：He used to get up early. He used to be late for school.

情态动词考点分析

1.－Could I borrow your dictionary? (NMET)

－Yes,of course you________.

A.might B.will C.can D.should

析：B、D意明显不合；A语气不妥，与of course不符。此题Could是表Can意的委婉说法，并非过去时，所以答案应为C。

2.－Shall I tell John about it?

－No,you_________.I’ve told him already. (NMET)

A.needn’t B.wouldn’t C.mustn’t D.shoudn’t

析：B意明显不合用，可排除。mustn’t意“不许、不得”，shouldn’t意“不应该”都不合情景。只有needn’t表“不必”与下文“I’ve told him already”相贴切。

3.－There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.

－It_________a comfortable journey. (NMET)

A.can’t be B.shouldn’t be

C.mustn’t have been D.couldn’t have been

析：A、B是对现在情况而言，与情景不合。表否定推测不能说mustn’t have been,只有D选项“不可能是”意思切合，时态也对，故为正确答案。

4.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly ，but everyone________get out.

(NMET)

A.could B.would C.was able to D.had to

析：根据题干提供的情景B、D皆应排除。在A、C两选项中，因为根据情景要选一个“经过努力能够”这样意思的词，故定答案为C。

5.I told Sally how to get here,but perhaps I________for her.

A.had to write it out B.must have written it out

C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out

析：A项意“(当时)不得不写出来”，不合题意；D项意“(现在)应写出来”也不合题意；B项意“(当时)肯定已写出来”明显不对。只有表“当初应该写出来”意的C项才合上下文。

6.That young man has made so much noise that he_________not have been allowed to attend the concert. (上海高考题)

A.could B.must C.would D.should

析：若选A。意“不可能已被允许…”与情景不合，应排除；B项不可选；C项意“当时将不会被允许…”也与情况相悖。只有D“should not have been allowed…”表示“当初不该让他…”才合题意。

7.－Can I help you,sir?

－Yes,I bought this radio here yesterday,but it______.(NMET)

A.didn’t work B.couldn’t work C.can’t work D.doesn’t work

析：若选A。意“昨天不响（今天响了）”，不合题目情景；若选B。其意是“当时不能工作（现在能工作了）”，显然不合题；若选C。意为“这台收音机根本不能工作（是废品）”这未免显得武断；只有D表“这台机子不响（有毛病）”意才能合理地表达来找商店服务员的原因。

主谓一致（Agreement）

1.“Either A or B＋谓语”结构，谓语取决于B。

例：Either the students or their teacher dislikes basketball,otherwise they

would take part in the basketball match.

但在一般疑问句中，谓语取决于A。

例如：Do either the students or their teacher dislike basketball?

Is either he or you going there?

这种谓语取决于与其最近的主语现象叫做“就近原则”。

2．“Neither A nor B＋谓语”结构，谓语多取决于B。但现代英语也出现复数谓语，

理由是neither A nor B是两部分之和，为复数概念，故其后可用复数谓语。

例如：Neither she nor I was(或were)fortunate enough to gain extra points.

她和我都不幸未能获得附加分。

Neither you nor he does(或do)well in maths.

3．Neither of…接单、复谓(通常视为单数，但在口语中，从意义上亦可视为复数)

None of…接单、复谓

例：Neither of them is(或are)right.

None of you is(或are)fit for the job.

4. as well as（以及）

(together)with(以及)B＋谓语”结构，谓语取决于A。

“A along with(以及)

but(除去)

rather than

例: as well as

The trainer along with two gymnasts is in the gym.

(together) with

教练和两个体操运动员在体操房里。

All but Li Dong have passed the test. 除了李东所有人都通过了考试。

Nobody but Li Dong and Wang Hong has passed the test.

除了李东和王宏没有什么人通过那场考试。

5. 表示钱数、时间、长度、数学等概念名词其后通常用单数谓语。

例：200 yuan / 500 dollars / 20 minutes is not enough for us.

makes 15.

10 and 5 10加5等于15.

is

makes 5.

10 minus 5 10减5等于5.

is

（以上两数词例，现代英语认为make,are也对。）

20 kilometres is too much for them. 20公里是他们吃不消的。

6. There be 结构中be的形式取决于靠近be的名词，若是单数名词，则be为is/was;

若是复数名词，则be为are/were（即第1条中的“就近原则”）。

例如：There is a desk,two chairs and three sofas in the room.

There are three sofas,two chairs and a desk in the room.

7. a group of…，a team of…后跟复谓、单谓皆可，跟复谓的理由是不止一个人，跟单谓的理由是将许多人视为“一组”、“一队”这样的一个单位体。

例如：A group/team of students are /is cleaning the street.

8. 象school ,class,family,team,group government等这类群体名词，其后谓语可能是单数形式，也可能是复数形式。通常视其为一个整体单位时，用单数谓语；视其为群体成员时，则用复数谓语。

例如：The class are having a meeting. 这个班学生在开会。

The class is not very big. 这个班不是大班。

The family enjoy singing and dancing. 这家人喜欢唱歌跳舞。

The family has only three persons.这家只有三口人。

9. 象police,clothes,trousers这类复数概念名词，其后总是跟复数谓语。the wounded

（伤员）后总是跟复数谓语。

10. 象clothing,news,information,advice这类不可数名词后应跟单数谓语，但它们前面有可数性短语修饰时，也可跟复数谓语。

例如：The clothing is very nice.The news is interesting.

Five articles of clothing are over there.

Three pieces of news were announced on TV.

11.百分数of＋复名＋复谓，百分数of＋单名／不可数名词＋单谓

例：40 percent of the students are girls.

80 percent of the work/the book has been finished.

分数后的谓语形式同百分数。

12. who/why/how/whether/if/than引导的名词从句＋单谓

例：How he got there is unknown./Why she did it remains a puzzle./It’s lucky that he is still alive.

13. A (large)number of＋复名＋复谓。

例：A number of books are over there.

A large amount of＋不可数名词＋单谓。

例：A large amount of money has been spent.

The number of＋复名＋单谓。

例：The number of the students in our school is 2000.

主谓一致考点分析

1．_____either he or I to leave for America?

A. Is B.Am C.Are D.Will

析：由or,either…or, nor, neither…or, whether…or, not…but, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，其谓语动词的单复数要根据“就近原则”处理，因为空白处与he最近，故要选A。

2. No one has finished his homework,________?

A.have they B.haven’t they C.has he D.hasn’t he

析：由No one可知空白处应选肯定式，故可排除B,D。又因为句子表述的意思是“没

有一个人完成作业”，从人数上看是很多人没完成作业，故排除C项，而选A。

3. There comes the bus,_______?

A.doesn’t there B.doesn’t it C.does it D.are there

析：这是一个倒装句，主语是bus，谓语是comes, 所以答案应选B。

4. He is a teacher but his wife is a doctor,_______?

A.isn’t she B.isn’t it C.aren’t they D.isn’t he

析：此题问句前部分含but，重点是强调his wife is a doctor,故问句部分取决于此部分，因此，该题答案为A。

5. They don’t think money is everything,_______?

A.is it B.isn’t it C.will they D.do they

析：如果是“I/ We(don’t)think＋宾从”则反意问句主语和谓语取决于宾语从句，但此句主句的主语不是I或we，而是They,这时反意问句部分的主语和谓语要取决 于主句的主、谓语，所以此题答案应选D。

6. Each soldier and sailor_____given a rifle when the ship landed.

A.were B.was C.are D.is

析：根据when the ship landed,可知应排除C,D.又因“each/every A and(each/every)B”结构的主语后面应跟单数谓语，所以答案为B。

7.More than one person_____involved(卷入)in th case.

A.is B.are C.has D.have

析：要表达“被卷入”，只能在A,B之中选一个，因more than one后应跟单名，单

谓，所以答案为A。

8.He is the only one of our customers who____this kind of article.

A.like B.likes C.are fond of D.loved

析：从时态考虑可排除D。因“the/the only…of＋复名”后的定语从句谓语应该

用单数形式，所以答案应是B。但此题若将the only 去掉，则答案为A。

情态动词、主谓一致专练

1. The possibe____often proved impossible.

A. have B.has C.are D.will

2.Neither you nor I am mad,____?

A.are you B.aren’t I C.am I D.are we

3.You don’t think I am wrong,____?

A.don’t you B.do you C.aren’t D.am I

4.It was Lin Song who broke the rules of the school,____?

A.wasn’t it B.didn’t he C.was it D.did he

5.Bruce must have been in China for a long time,_____?

A.hasn’t he B.mustn’t he C.Isn’t he D.wasn’t he

6.What the teacher has said is true,____?

A.has he B.hasn’t he C.is it D.isn’t it

7.It must have snowed last night,____?

A.isn’t it B.haven’t he C.mustn’t it D.didn’t it

8.It’s the first time that Xiao Qing has been to Tianjin,_____?

A.has she B.is it C.hasn’t she D.isn’t it

9. The trousers_____fit for him.

A.is B.are C.must D.do

10.He rather than Li Ying and Wang Ping____praised by the teacher.

A.are B.is C.were D.was

11.Where is my pen?I_____it. (NMET)

A.should have lost B.must have lost C.would have lost D.might lose

12.A computer____think for itself ; it must be told what to do.(NMET)

A.can’t B.couldn’t C.may not D.might not

13.We_____last night ,but we went to the concert instead. (NMET)

A.must have studied B.might study

C.should have studied D.would study

14.I didn’t hear the phone ,I_____asleep. (NMET)

A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been

15.Be sure to write to us,_____? (NMET)

A.will you B.aren’t you C.can you D.mustn’t you

16.I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning.She____at the meeting.

(上海)

A.mustn’t have spoken B.shoudn’t have spoken

C.needn’t have spoken D.couldn’t have spoken

17.There is plenty of time.She____. (NMET)

A.must have hurried B.needn’t have hurried

C.must not hurry D.couldn’t have hurried

18.You don’t______to go there if you have no time.(上海)

A.need B.want C.must D.ought

19.Sir,you_____be sitting in this waiting-room.It is for women and children

only.(上海)

A.oughtn’t to B.can’t C.won’t D.don’t

20.Tom ought not to_____me your secret ,but he meant no harm. (NMET)

A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.having told

21.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack_____be here at any moment.(NMET)

A.must B.need C.should D.can

22.Your coat is dirty,_____it for you?

A.Am I washing B.Will I wash C.Am I going to wash D.Shall I wash

23.No one _____that to his face.

A.dare say B.dare to say C.dares saying D.dares said

24.There used to be a church in the east of the town,_____?

A.didn’t there B.usen’t to there C.used there D.usedn’t to there

25._____you be happy!

A.Can B.May C.Must D.Would

26.Put on more clothes . You_____be feeling cold with only a shirt on.

A.would B.can C.could D.must

27.－Why didn’t you answer when I called you?

－I_____but you didn’t hear me.

A.had to B.couldn’t C.didn’t answer D.did

28.I_____that time is more valuable than money.

A.hardly need say B.need hardly say

C.need hardly to say D.hardly need to say

29.I____like to become a pianist some day.

A.will B.may C.would D.shall

30 He_____there now,but I am not sure.

A.maybe B.may be C.may have been D.might have been

31.－I didn’t see him yesterday.

－Oh,but you______.

A.ought to B.should have C.can’t have D.may have

32.－Where were you this morning?I tried to call you.

－I _____ to the library for a while.

A.tried to go B.should go C.must go D.had to go

33.The flower is dead.I_____it more water.

A.will give B.must give C.should have given D.would have given

34.－Does Tom want to go to the film?

－Yes,but he says_____tonight.

A.he’d not rather go B.he’ll rather not go

C.he won’t rather go D.he’d rather not go

35.－Did you walk home by yourself last night?

－Yes ,I did. But I guess I_____.

A.shouldn’t B.needn’t C.may not have D.needn’t have

36.－Do you speak Japanese?

－No,I don’t , but I_____speak Chinese.

A.ought B.have to C.do D.must

37.If you_____quiet ,I’ll tell you what happned

A.be B.will be C.are D.are to be

38.－Look ,it_____be Li Ping.

－No,it____be him.He’s gone abroad.

A.may;mustn’t B.must;may C.must;can’t D.can;may not

39.Professor Wang,many students want to see you. _____they wait here or outside?

A.Do B.Are C.Will D.Shall

40.I can’t find Mr Wang anywhere in the office building.Where____he have gone?

A.may B.can C.must D.Should

41.Wherever you____,there’s no place like home.

A.can go B.must go C.might go D.may go

42.－Don’t forget to post the letter for me.

－I _____.

A.won’t B.will C.don’t D.can’t

43.－Must I take a taxi?

－No,you_____.You can walk from here.

A.don’t B.must not C.don’t have to D.had better not to

44.The bus _____start;I don’t know what to do with it.

A.can’t B.won’t C.shan’t D.may not

45.The car broke down on the way ,but we_____get out of the desert at last.

A.might B.would C.were able to D.could

46.The rest of the lecture_____interesting.

A.is B.are D.maybe D.sound

47.One and a half bananas____eaten by the little boy.

A.were B.was C.have been D.was to

48.The cattle_____still grazing in the fields.

A.was B.keeps C.were D.won’t

49.What caused the accident and who was responsible for it_____a mystery(谜)to

us.

A.remains B.remain C.is D.look like

50.All _____not gold that glitters.

A.is B.are C.was D.were

情态动词、主谓一致答案

1－5 B D B A A 6－10 D D D B D 11－15 B B C B A

16－20 D C A A A 21－25 C D A A B 26－30 D D D C B

31－35 B D C D D 36－40 C B C D B 41－45 D A C B C

46－50 A A C B A

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇4：语法系列复习-----情态动词与虚拟语气 (人教版高二英语上册教学论文)

语法系列复习专题-----情态动词与虚拟语气

一、一般疑问句中几个情态动词的问与答

1. Need I/he/…?

Yes,you/he/…must.(不用need)

2. Must I/ he/…?

No,you/ he/…needn’t/don’t(doesn’t,won’t)have to.(不用mustn’t)

3. May I/ he/…?

No,you/ he/…mustn’t.(少用may not)

4. Could(Can)you…?

Yes,I can (不用could)

5. Shall I/she/ he…?

No,you(she,he)needn’t/can’t/mustn’t

二、情态动词表“推测”

1.can,may,must使用的句式：

1)肯定陈述句中：must表“肯定、必定、一定”意，may/might表“也许，或许”意。

2)否定陈述句中：can’t/couldn’t表“不可能”意，may not/might not表“也许不、可能不”意。

3)疑问句中：只能用can或could,不能用must,may或might。

注意：表推测的could,might并不是指过去时间，而是表示比can,may把握性略小些的情况。

2.对目前状态的推测：

1)must/may/might/can/could＋be＋表语

例如：She must be a teacher.她肯定是老师。She can’t/couldn’t be a doctor.她肯定不是医生。 He may not/might not be a doctor.他可能不是医生。

2)must/may/might/can/could＋一些不能用于进行时的静态动词(如:have,exist,live,like,hate,own,belong to等)

例如：She must have her own car,for she has a lot of money.

That kind of bird may live in the valleys.

3.对目前正在发生的事情进行推测：

句式：must/may/might/can/could＋be doing

例如：They must be waiting for us.他们肯定正在等我们。

She may/might be doing her homework.她可能正在做作业。

Can/Could he be playing football?他会正在踢足球吗？

4.对已发生的事情进行推测：

句式：must/may/might/can/could＋have done

例如：There’s no lignt in the room. They must have gone to bed./She knows nothing about the film. She can’t/couldn’t have seen it./Can/Could he have been a doctor?/He may/might(not)have been a teacher./They must have been watching TV at nine last night./Can/Could she have stayed in Beijing last year?

注意：will have done句式也可表“肯定/可能已经…”推测意。

例如：He will have learned advanced mathematics,for he knows a lot about it. 他肯定/可能学过高等数学，因为他对此懂得很多。

三、“情态动词＋have done”用法

1.should/ought to ＋have done,意“本应该…”，含有责备或后悔意。

例如：You should have come here a little earlier./I ought to have sent him to school./

2.shouldn’t/oughtn’t to＋have done,意“本不应该”，含有责备或后悔意。

例如：You shouldn’t have watered the flower./I oughtn’t to have scolded her for such a small thing.

3.might have done,意“过去可能做”；could have done意“本能够做”，两者都含有委婉批评或遗憾之意，也可表对过去情况的推测。

例如：He might have gone to Nanjing with Professor Wang.last week,but he was ill.上星期他本可以和王教授一起去南京的，可他病了。We could have finished the work ahead of time.我们本来是能够提前完成工作的。

四、情态动词在反意疑问句中的用法

1.“肯定祈使句＋附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/would/won’t you形式。

例如：Stand still,will/would/won’t you?

2.“否定祈使句＋附加问句”结构，附加问句常用will/would you形式。

例如：Don’t watch TV,will/would you?

3.Let’s…,shall we? ; Let us…,will/won’t you?

4.含有must句子的反意问句

1)must表示“必须”时，附加部分常用needn’t,也可用mustn’t.例如：He must go with you,needn’t/mustn’t he?

2)mustn’t表“一定不能”时，附加部分用may.例如：She mustn’t leave,may she?

3)must表“一定、想必”推测意时，附加部分主要有下列几种形式：

A.He must be an engineer,isn’t he?They must be writing now,aren’t they?(这类句子问句前部分含“must be…”或“must be doing…”。)

B.She must have a car/live there, doesn’t she?

C.He must have seen the film,hasn’t he？(这类句子问句前部分的谓语为must have done,句子无具体过去时间状语。)

D.He must have seen the film last week,didn’t he?(这类句子问句前面部分的谓语为must have done,句子有具体过去时间状语。)

E.Mother must have been shopping then,wasn’t she?(前面部分谓语为must have been doing。)

5.含有may表推测的句子，其反意问句形式与must表推测的反意问句形式相似。

例如：She may have finished her homework,hasn’t she?

五、几组词语辨析

1.must与have to:must强调说话者的主观看法，have to强调客观需要，表示“不必”意要用needn’t或don’t/didn’t/won’t have to,不能用mustn’t。

2.can/could与be able to:can多用于现在时，也可用于将来时，could只用于过去时，be able to可用于各种时态。表示“过去经过努力而做成(或没做成)”要用was/were(not) able to ，而不用could(not)。例如：He worked hard,but he wasn’t able to pass the exam.

3.will,would,used to:都可表“习惯”意。①will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作。如：Fish will die out of water./ She’ll sit for hours without saying anything.

②would表示过去习惯性的动作，但不涉及与现在情况的对比。如：He would walk by the river in the morning.注意：would后不能跟表状态动词。例如不能说He would be late for school last year. ③used to表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但这种习惯现在已不存在了。如：He used to get up early. He used to be late for school.

4.dare与need

六、虚拟语气在if引导的条件句的用法

1)与现在事实相反的结构：

2）与过去事实相反的结构：

3）与将来事实相反的结构：

**当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如：

If you had worked hard, you would be very tired.

(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在.)

5以上句型可以转换成下列形式:

**省略if,用“were, have, should +主语”. 例如:

Were I in school again, I would work harder.

Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.

Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.

**用介词短语代替条件状语从句：but forwithout.例如:

Without air, there would be on living things.

But for your help, I couldn’t have done it.

七、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法

1.“wish +宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望,汉语可译为“可惜……”. “……就好了”, “悔不该……”, “但愿……”等.

表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;表示将来不能实现的愿望用“would(could) +动词原形”;表示过去不能实现的愿望时用“had +过去分词”或“(could)would +have +过去分词”.例如:

I wish it were spring all the year round.

I wish you could go with us.

We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.

2.虚拟语气在动词一个坚持（insist）；两个命令（order，demand）;三个建议(advise,suggest,propose);四项要求（demand,require,request,ask）,等后面的宾语从句中用“(should)+动词原形”.例如:

We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.

We insisted that they (should) go with us.

The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.

He demanded that we (should) start right away.

**注意:insist作“力言”, “强调”解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气,只有当insist作 “坚持(认为)”, “坚持(应该)”解时宾语从句才用虚拟语气.例如:

Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.

又如suggest

3.虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句

作advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)+动词原形”.例如:

We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for

sightseeing.

My idea is that we (should) exercises first．

4.虚拟语气在 as if(as though)中，引导的表语从句或状语从句中的应用．

如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时，指现在状况，则用过去时，指将来则用过去将来时．例如：

He looked as if he were an artist.

He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England．

Even if he were here，he could not solve the problem．

5.虚拟语气用于主语从句．

在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用“ should 十动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等．例如：

It is necessary( important，natural，strange，etc) that … we should clean

the room every day.

It was a pity ( a shame，no wonder，etc) that you should be so careless．

It will be desired( suggested，decided，ordered，requested，proposed，etc)

that she should finish her homework this afternoon．

在上述三种主语从句中，should意为“应该”,“竟然”，可以省去，但不可换用would.主句所用动词的时态不限．

注意：这种从句表示的是事实．如果说话人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气．反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述语气，例如：

It is a strange that he did not come yesterday.

It is a pity that you can’t swim．

八.几种常见的其他虚拟语气结构

1.虚拟语气用于定语从句

这种从句常用在 It is( high) time( that)…句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，或 should十动词原形( should不能省略，be用 were)来表示，意为“(现在)该……”。例如：

It is ( high) time we left (should leave).

lt is high time we were going.

2.虚拟语气用于 if only引导的感叹句中,用法同.wish

If only I had taken his advice.

我要是听他的话就好了．

If only I were a bird．我如果是一只鸟就好了．

3.虚拟语气在简单句中的应用

l)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中，例如：

It would be better for you not to stay up too late．

Would you be kind enough to open the door?

2)用于一些习惯表达法中，例如：

Would you like a cup of tea?

I would rather not tell you. You had better go now．

3)用“ may 十动词原形”表示“祝愿”、“但愿”． may须置于句首，例如：May you be happy! May you succeed!

4.would rather-----

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇5：高三英语复习与训练二十一一--情态动词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

高三英语复习与训练二十一一--情态动词

21. 情态动词

21.1 情态动词的语法特征

1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

2） 情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。

3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。

21.2 比较can 和be able to

1）can/could 表示能力；可能 （过去时用could）, 只用于现在式和过去式（could）。be able to可以用于各种时态。例如：

They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。

2）只用be able to的情况：

a. 位于助动词后。

b. 情态动词后。

c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。

d. 用于句首表示条件。

e. 表示成功地做了某事时，用was/were able to，不能用could。例如：

He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.

他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。

注意：could有时不表示时态

1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：

--- Could I have the television on? 我能看电视吗？

--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 可以/不可以。

2）在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如：

He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。

21.3 比较may和might

1） 表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。例如：

May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！

He might be at home. 他可能在家。

注意：might 表示推测时，不表示时态，只是可能性比may 小。

2） 成语：may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为”不妨“。例如：

If that is the case, we may as well try.如果情况确实如此，我们不妨试一试。

典型例题

Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.

A. must B. may C. can D. will

答案B. 表可能性只能用may。此句意可从后半句推出。

21.4 比较have to和must

1） 两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。例如：

My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.

弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）

He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）

2） have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。例如：

He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。

3） 否定结构中：don't have to表示”不必“，mustn't表示”禁止“。例如：

You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。

You mustn't tell him about it. 你不得把这件事告诉他。

21.5 must表示推测

1） must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为”一定“。

2） must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。例如：

You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）

He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。

比较：He must be staying there. 他现在肯定在那里。

He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。

3） must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。例如：

I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。

4） must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。例如：

---Why didn't you answer my phone call? 为何不接我的电话？

---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.唉，肯定在睡觉，所以没有听见。

5） 否定推测用can't。例如：

If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。

21.6 表示推测的用法

can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：

1）情态动词+动词原形，表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。例如：

I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. 我不知道她在哪儿，可能在武汉。

2）情态动词+动词现在进行时，表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。例如：

At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. 这时，想必我们老师正在批改试卷。

3）情态动词+动词完成时，表示对过去情况的推测。例如：

The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。

4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时，表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。例如：

Your mother must have been looking for you. 你妈妈一定一直在找你。

5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。例如：

Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.

迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。

注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。

21.7 情态动词+ have +过去分词

1） may（might） have + done sth, can （could） have + done sth 表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。例如：

Philip may （might） have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 菲力浦可能在车祸中受了重伤。

Philip can （could） have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

2） must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有”肯定“，”谅必“的意思。例如：

---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. 琳达已经去上班了，但她的单车还在这儿。

---She must have gone by bus.肯定乘巴士去的。

3） ought to have done sth, should have done sth表示本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示”不该做某事而做了“。例如：

You ought to （should） have been more careful in this experiment. 你当时在做试验时应该更仔细点。

He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.他不该把旧衣服扔了。（事实上已扔了。）

ought to 在语气上比should 要强。

4） needn't have done sth表示本没必要做某事，但做了。例如：

I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.

旅行时，我衣服穿得较多，其实没有必要。那时天很热。

5） would like to have done sth表示本打算做某事，但没做。例如：

I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then. 我想读这篇文章，但太忙了一直没读。

17.8 21.8 should 和ought to

除了上述的用法，两者还可表示”想必一定，按理应该“的意思。例如：

I ought to be able to live on my salary. 靠我的薪水，想必也能维持了。

It ought to be ready now. 想必现在准备好了吧。

They should be there by now, I think. 现在他们该到那儿了。

The poems should be out in a month at most. 诗集估计最多还有一个月就要出版了。

21.9 had better表示”最好“，相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。例如：

It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. 天相当冷。你最好穿上我的外套。

She'd better not play with the dog. 她最好不要玩耍那条狗。

had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为”本来最好“。例如：

You had better have come earlier. 你本该来得早一点。

21.10 would rather表示”宁愿“

would rather do

would rather not do

would rather… than… 宁愿…而不愿。

还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示”宁愿“、”宁可“的意思。例如：

If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school. 如果有选择的余地，我宁可辍学离开这个学校。

I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home. 我宁愿呆在这儿，而不愿回家。

典型例题

----Shall we go skating or stay at home?

----Which ___ do?

A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather

答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为”宁愿“，本题为疑问句，would 提前，所以选B。

21.11 will和would

注意：1）would like；would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。例如：

Would you like to go with me? 想和我一块去吗？

2）Will you…? Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。例如：

Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吧。

3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。

Won't you sit down? 你不坐下吗？

21.12 情态动词的回答方式

问句 肯定回答 否定回答

Need you…? Yes, I must. No, I needn't

Must you…? No, I don't have to.

典型例题

1）---Could I borrow your dictionary?

---Yes, of course, you____.

A. might B. will C. can D. should

答案C. could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。

2）---Shall I tell John about it?

---No, you ___. I've told him already.

A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't

答案A。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。

3）---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.

---______.

A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't

答案B. will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表”意愿、意志、决心“，本题表示决心，选B。

21.13 带to 的情态动词

带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to （=must）, be able to，为六个。它们的疑问、否定形式应予以注意：

Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?

She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.

You ought not to have told her all about it.

Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?

ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。

典型例题

Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.

A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told

答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用have told。

21.14 比较need和dare

这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。

1） 实义动词：need（需要, 要求） need + n. / to do sth

2） 情态动词：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。例如：

Need you go yet? 你要走了吗？

Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.是的，我要走了/不，不急着走。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇6：情态动词和不定式完成式的用法详解 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

情态动词和不定式完成式的用法详解

I.情态动词+不定式完成式结构的意义分类

表达意义的类别 情态

动词 具体意义 例句

推测

may

/might

当时有可能 Tom hasn’t come back yet. He may have missed the bus again.

Sorry I’m late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.

They might not have gone to the movies yesterday evening.

can

/could

当时可能 She can have failed again.

Jack can’t have arrived yet; otherwise he would have telephoned me.

My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he couldn’t have attended you lecture.

should

/ought to

当时比较可能 He set out early in the morning, so he should have arrived home by now.

They started at nine o’clock this morning. They oughtn’t to have arrived there by now.

will

/would

当时很可能 You will have heard the news, I’m sure.

The police would have gone through every room last night.

His brother would not have been elected as president.

must

当时肯定 I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.

The children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday, didn’t they?

The minister must have arrived in Shanghai, hasn’t he?

They must have been very tired yesterday, weren’t they

需要 must 必须曾经 Any candidate for the job must have practiced for no less that three years.

情感(近似虚拟语气用法)

责备

不满

遗憾

might

mightn’t 本来可以/可能而实际没有;本来/可能可以不而实际做了 You might have been more careful

He might not have bothered her.

You are lucky enough. You might have been killed like that.

could 本来能够而实际没有 You could have come earlier.

---I didn’t go to class last night because my car broke down.

---you could have borrowed mine. I wasn’t using it.

should

shouldn’t

ought to /ought not to 本来应该而实际没有;本来不应该而实际做了 We should/ought to have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead.

They shouldn’t/ought not to have let you out of hospital so soon; otherwise, you would feel better.

needn’t 本来不必而实际做了 There was plenty of time. She needn’t have hurried.

We needn’t have watered the flowers for it is going to rain.

赞叹

惊奇

怀疑

should 当时居然 It’s wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years. (赞叹)

I can’t think why he should have said that; it wasn’t my fault. (惊奇)

To think that should have happened to me! (吃惊)

It is a pity that he should fail in such exam.

can

/can’t

could

/couldn’t 当时可能/不可能

当时居然 Can she really have behaved so badly? （惊奇、怀疑）

Tony can’t have done that, he hasn’t the strength.（怀疑）

I’m surprised that he could/should have left without telling a word.(吃惊、不满)

申辩 would 本来应该、愿意、打算 Oh, what a pity. I would have been so easy for me to bring those photographs. I wanted to show you but I’ve left them at the table at home.

I would have come to help you with your work yesterday, only I was rather busy.

I would have visited you but it rained yesterday.

虚拟（与过去事实相反） might 可能当时 Had he come earlier, he might not have missed the train.

If I were you, I might have bought that car.

could 当时能够、可能 Had you attended the meeting last night, you could have met her.

If she hadn’t learned English hard, she could not have passed the examination.

should 当时可能、应该、愿意 If I had met you yesterday, I should have told you about it.

If he were wise, he should have come to see me.

I should have joined you yesterday evening, only I have been rather busy.

would 当时很可能、愿意 If he had caught the first bus this morning, he would not have been late for class.

He would have come and worked together with us, but he was not here yesterday.

I ought to have done so sooner，it would have saved me numerous misfortune．

II.情态动词+不定式完成式结构的分类练习

can/could

1. Some women _____ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.

A. must make B. should have made C. would make D. could have made

2.It is not like Jack to be unfriendly, so he _____ you when you called.

A. can’t have seen B. should not have seen C. must not have seen D. need not have seen

3. Bob_____ to Norfolk yet. He knows nothing about the place at all.

A. can’t have been B. mustn’t have been C. shouldn’t have been D. needn’t have been

4. ---I’m told that John had another car accident this morning.

---I believe not. He ____ so careless.

A. shouldn’t have been B. wouldn’t have been C. couldn’t have been D. mustn’t have been

5. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _______ your lecture.

A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended

C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended

6. ---Did you go to the movie the day before yesterday?

---No, We ______, but we decided not.

A. should have gone B. could go C. should go D. could have gone

7. The room is in a terrible mess; it ________ cleaned.

A. can’t have been B. shouldn’t have been C. mustn’t have been D. wouldn’t have been

8. ---We didn’t see him on the exhibition yesterday.

---He ______ it.

A. mustn’t visit B. can’t have visited C. should have gone to see D. may see

9. Mary ______ may letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.

A. should have received B. has received C. couldn’t have received D. ought to have received

10. I _______ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.

A. may come B. may have come C. could have come D. must have come

11. Under more favourable conditions, we ______ better.

A. need have done B. should do C. could have done D. might be doing

must

1. I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere. （2005,北京，春招）

A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D .must have been dropped

2．We’ve been waiting for hours to see the famous pop singer, but the airplane ________ behind the timetable.

A. must be B. will be C. would have been D. must have been

3. John’s sore in the test is the highest in the class; he ______ last nigh.

A. should study B. should have studied C. must have studied D. must have to study

4. Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She _______ in her classroom.

A. should have been B. must have been C. must be D. should be

5. Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn’t. He _______ his mind.

A. can’t have changed B. wouldn’t have changed

C. must have changed D. shouldn’t have changed

6. The road was muddy. It _____ last night.

A. must rained B. must have rained C. must be rained D. could have rained

7. He must have finished his homework, _____he?

A. mustn’t B. must C. needn’t D. hasn’t

8. He must have attended the meeting yesterday, _______he?

A. didn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. hasn’t

should

1．We _____ for her because she never came.

A. needn’t wait B. mustn’t have waited C. shouldn’t have waited D. can’t have waited

2. I’m rather surprised you haven’t reported him to your teacher. In my opinion, you ____ this as soon as you found out he was cheating.

A. must have done B. might have done C. could have done D. should have done

3. ---We expected you yesterday.

---I’m sorry, I ______ you to say that I couldn’t be here until today.

A. must have called B. would be calling C. could have been calling D. should have called

4. I was really anxious about you. You ______ home without a word.

A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave

5.Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now.

A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat

6.Mr. White ______ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.

A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving

7. With all the work on hand, he ______ to the cinema last night.

A. mustn’t go B. shouldn’t have gone C. could not go D. couldn’t have gone

8. Eve was late for class again. She _______ earlier.

A. should get up B. must get up C. need to get up D. should have got up

9. I didn’t send out my application form last week, but I _____ .

A. had B. would do C. should have D. might have

10.--- They have not finished the work up to now.

--- Well, they ______.

A. should have B. should C. ought to D. ought have

11. Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he ______ Tom to go with him.

A. might have asked B. should asked C. must have asked D. should have asked

may/might

1. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _____ during the day.

A. should have done B. would have done C. must have done D. may have done

2. Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They _______ from South America on rafts.

A. must have sailed B can sail C. might have sailed D. should have sailed

3. It was really very dangerous; you _______ him seriously.

A. might have injured B. could injure C. should have injured D. must injure

4. --- Why hasn’t Jane arrived yet?

--- She ______ again in the morning.

A. shouldn’t have overslept B. may have turned off the alarm clock

C. must have no one to call her D. should have someone to wake her up

ought to

1.You _____ this morning if you really wanted to see it yourself.

A. ought to come B. may have come C. ought to have come D. could come

2. We ______ the letter yesterday, but it didn’t arrive.

A. must receive B. ought to receive C. must have received D. ought to have received

3. When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I ____ there earlier.

A. ought to get B. ought to have got C. must have got D. must get

4. He didn’t do well in the exam. He _______ hard at his lessons.

A. must have worked B. ought to have worked C. would have worked D. has worked

5. --- Mr. Young, everything is ready for the meeting.

--- I’m sorry. I ______ to tell you the meeting had been put off.

A. should phone. B. ought to have phoned C. need to phone D. should have been phoned

needn’t

1. As it turned out to be a small house party, we _____ so formally.

A. needn’t dress up B. didn’t have to dress up

C. might not have dressed up D. needn’t have dressed up

2.It was very kind of you to do the washingup, but you ____ it.

A. mustn’t have done B. wouldn’t have done C. mightn’t have done D. needn’t have done

3. You ______ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing.

A. needn’t have washed B, shouldn’t have washed

C must not have washed D. can not have washed

4. You _______ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.

A. needn’t go B. had better not go C. should not go D. needn’t have gone

would

1. Oh, what a pity. It ______ so easy for me to bring those photographs. I wanted to show you, but I’ve left them at the table at home.

A. would have been B. would be C. had been D. was

2. I ________ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.

A. would have liked to give B. liked to give C. have liked to give D. would like to give

3. ---Why didn’t come to my party? I was so disappointed at your absence.

--- I’m very sorry. I ______ but I had a visitor at the last minute.

A. would like have B. would like to C. would like to have D. would like

4. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _______ a goal.

A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored

5. ---Your sister nearly ______all her spare time to her course during the three years.

---That’s right, or she ________ the first place in her school in the 2000 College Entrance Examination.

A. spent; wouldn’t take B. devoted; wouldn’t have taken

C. hadn’t devoted; hadn’t taken D. hadn’t spent; couldn’t take

II.情态动词意义分类

可能推测 需要职责 请求许可

许诺 意图打算 意愿决心 能力才能习惯倾向 功用(拟人)

辩解

注定

胆敢

can

could √

will

would √

would √

shall

should √

should √

ought to √√

have (got) to

must √

need

dare

used to

be to

1. shall 的用法。 shall 用作情态动词，主要用于疑问句中征求对方意见，意为“要不要”、“。。。好吗”：

Shall I get a chair for you?

What shall we do this evening?

2. should 的用法。 should 作为情态动词，主要表示“应该”：

You should study hard.

We should help him.

You should ask her first.

（1）有时表示“应该”，其实是一种推测，语气比 may, might 等表推测时要强：

The book should be interesting.

（2）有时用于第一人称的疑问句形式表示征求意见，与 shall 用法相似：

Should I open the window?

What should we do now?

（3）若用于谈论过去的情况，应用“should+have+过去分词”结构：

The train should have already left.

You should have told us earlier.

（4） 用于 should like / should love 可视为习语，意为“想要”，其后接名词、代词或不定式：

I should like you to stay here.

I should love to ask you a question.

Anthony

1 should的其他用法

A 当说话人对某种设想是否合理或正当提出疑问时，可把

should用于 can’ t think why／don’t know why／see no reason why：等后面：

I don’t know why you should think that I did it．

我真不知道你凭什么竟会认为这件事是我干的。

I see no reason why you should interfere in their quarrel．

我不明白你有什么理由竟然会介入他们的争吵。

当这种设想与过去的事情有关时则用完成式：

I can’t think why he should have said that it was my fault．

我真不明白他怎么能说这是我的过错。

B 作为一种惯用表达法，should与 what，where，who连用以形象生动地表达惊奇的感情：

What should I find but an enormous spider！

怎么也想不到我看见的竟是一只巨大的蜘蛛！

这种惊奇经常掺杂着令人为难的因素：

Who should come in but his first wife！

怎么也想不到进来的竟是他的前妻！

C should用在 lest后面，有时也用在 in case后面：

1 在书面语中，lest…should结构有时放在表示惧怕或担心的词后面：

He was terrified lest he should slip on the icy rocks．

他害怕在结冰的石块上滑倒。

对过去的动作表示担心时用should+完成式：

She began to be worried lest he should have met with some accident．

她开始担心他出了什么事。

2 lest也可用于目的从句，表示 for fear that（惟恐）：

He dared not spend the money lest someone should ask where he had got it．

他不敢花这笔钱，怕有人问他钱是从哪儿来的。

如上所示这是一种书面形式。

在这种情况下 in case较 lest更常用，后面可跟 should或一般现在时或一般过去时：

in case someone should ask／someone asked

惟恐万一有人问起（另参见第227节与第337节。）

D should 有时用于目的从句以代替 would／could：

He wore a mask so that no one should recognize him．

他戴了一个面罩，好让别人认不出他来。（参见第336节。）

E 在条件句中用should代替现在时态：

If the pain should return take another of these pills．

疼痛复发时，可再吃一片这些药。（参见第224节。）

F should 还用于颇为正式的间接命令，这种命令不一定是向对方直接发出的：

He ordered that Tom should leave the house．

他下命令叫汤姆离开这所房子。（参见第321节B。）

与下面一句比较一下：

He ordered Tom to leave．

他命令汤姆离开。（他亲自告诉汤姆。）

2 can 的用法大搜索

情态动词can有一定的词义,但不能独立存在,它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词can没有人称和数的变化。其具体用法如下:

1. 表示“能、会”,指脑力或体力方面的“能力”。例如:

I can speak English. 我会讲英语。

Jim can swim but I can’t. 吉姆会游泳,但我不会。

2. 表示“可能”,常用于否定句或疑问句中,指某种可能性。例如:

Han Mei can’t be in the classroom. 韩梅不可能在教室里。

Can he come here today, please? 请问他今天能到这里来吗？

3. 表示“可以”,常用于口语中,指许可或请求做某事。例如:

Can I have a cup of tea, please? 请问我可以喝一杯茶吗？

You can go out. 你可以出去了？

补给站:

①can在口语中可以代替may,表示许可或可以。

②can’t在口语中代替mustn’t时,表示禁止或不准。例如:

You can’t play football in the street. 不准在马路上踢足球。

③情态动词can的过去式could,用于现在时,可使语气更委婉、更客气。例如：

Could you help me with my English? 你能帮助我学习英语吗？

情态动词can的基本句型

1. 肯定句型为:主语+can+动词原形+其它。例如:

They can play basketball. 他们能打篮球。

She can dance. 她会跳舞。

You can go to watch TV. 你可以去看电视了。

2. 否定句型为:主语+can not(can’t/cannot)+动词原形+其它。表示“某人不能(不会、不可能)做……”。其中can’t是can not的缩略式,英国多写成cannot。例如:

You cannot pass the ball like this. 你不能像这样传球。

I can’t ride a motorbike. 我不会骑摩托车。

3. 疑问句句型分为:一般疑问句句型和特殊疑问句句型两种类型

一般疑问句句型为:

Can+主语+动词原形+其它。表示“某人会(能、可以)做……吗？”,用于口语时,常表示请求或许可。其肯定答语用“Yes, 主语+can.”作答;否定答语用“No, 主语+can’t.”作答。注意答语中作主语的人称代词,应根据问句中的主语作相应的变化。其变化规则为:第一人称问,则第二人称答;第二人称问,则第一人称答;第三人称问,第三人称答。例如:

①-Can you sing an English song for us? 你可以为我们大家唱一首英语歌吗？

-Yes. 行。(注意在Yes后面常省略I can)

②-Can I skate? 我可以滑冰吗？

-Yes, you can. 可以。

③-Can she climb hills? 她能爬山吗?

-No, she can’t. 不,她不能。

特殊疑问句句型为:

a. Who+can+动词原形+其它。该句型中who相当于主语。例如:

-Who can sing in English in your class? 你们班上谁会用英语唱歌？

-Lily can. 莉莉会。

b. 特殊疑问词(作定语)+名词+can+主语+动词原形+其它。该句型中的特殊疑问词常用how many, how much等。例如:

-How many boats can you see in the river? 你能看见河中有多少只船吗？

-Only one boat. 仅有一只。

c. 特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其它。该句型中的特殊疑问词常用what, where, when等,一般用肯定陈述句作答。例如:

-What can you see in the picture? 你能在图画中看到什么？

-I can see some birds and two big trees in it. 我能看到一些鸟儿和两棵大树。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇7：高考英语陷阱题总结--情态动词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

高考英语陷阱题总结归纳--情态动词

◆典型陷阱题分析◆

1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _____ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.”

A. shall B. will

C. would D. can

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选A.shall 用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法：

（1） 用于疑问句中征求意见。如：

Shall I help you？ 要不要我帮帮你？

Shall I open the window？ 要我把窗子打开吗？

（2） 用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等（可用于各类人称）。如：

You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。（表威胁）

Each competitor shall wear a number. 每个参赛者要戴一个号码。（表规定）

You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一来就可听到所有情况了。（表允诺）

请做以下试题（答案均选 shall）：

（1） “I promise that she _____ get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her？”

A. should B. must

C. would D. shall

2. You _______ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.

A. cannot B. shouldn’t

C. mustn’t D. needn’t

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选A.cannot…too…是英语中一个十分有用的表达，意为“不可能太……，无论怎样……也不算过分，越……越……”。如：

You can’t be too careful. 你越仔细越好。

You can’t praise the too much. 这本书值得大加赞扬。

We cannot work too much for the people. 我们为人民做工作是不可能做过头的。

A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人买的衣服再多也不算多。

注：有时也可用 can never, impossible 等与too连用来表示类似意思。如：

It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那儿越早越好。

3. “Is John coming by train？” “He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.”

A. must B. can

C. need D. may

【陷阱】可能误选B或C.

【分析】最佳答案为D.may 表推测，may not 意为“可能不（会坐火车来）”。句中的 He should 为 He should come by train 之省略，由于其后出现转折连词 but，说明语意有变化，再结合下文的 He likes driving his car，便可决定此题选D.注意，不能选B，因为can表示推测时通常不用肯定陈述句。

4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It ____ true because there was little snow there.”

A. may not be B. won’t be

C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】此题最佳答案为C，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 这一语境所决定，既然“没下什么雪”，那么“滑雪”就应是“不可能”，所以选 couldn’t be，即选C.

5. “Do you think he is lazy？” “I _____ so once, but I don’t now.”

A. may have thought B. can have thought

C. may think D. might think

答案选A.从答话人的语境可知，空格处的意思“曾经这样想过”，即对过去情况作推测，故应用“情态动词+动词完成式”；又因为 can 表推测不用于肯定句，故选A.请看类例：

Their answers are exactly the same - one of them ______ from the other.

A. must copy B. must have copied

C. should copy D. should have copied

答案选B，既然两人的答案完全一样，说明“抄袭”已经发生，故用“情态动词+动词完成式”，根据句意，应选B而不能选D.

6. You _____ be right, but I don’t think you are.

A. can B. could C. must D. should

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】从语境上看，C、D不宜选，在剩下的A和B中，许多同学想当然地选了A，认为整个句子为现在时态，所以选can，而不选过去式 could，但是最佳答案却是B而不是A.按照英语语法，情态动词can 用于推测表示可能性时，通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，而不用于肯定句中；但 could 用于表推测时，却不仅可用于否定句和疑问句，也可用于肯定句，且此时的 could 并不是 can 的过去式，与 can 也没有时间上的差别，只是 could 比 can语气更委婉，所以答案选B.注：can 在以下特殊情况下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即从理论上或逻辑上分析是可能的，但是实际上未必会发生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能会犯错误。二是后接“be （get, seem, become）＋形容词”，表示“有时会”、“时常会”等。如：My father can be very unreasonable. 我父亲有时候很不讲道理。

◆精编陷阱题训练◆

1. “I thought you wouldn’t mind.” “Well, as a matter of fact I don’t, but you _____ me first.”

A. should ask B. should have asked

C. must ask D. must have asked

2. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn’t recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _____ my aunt Jean.”

A. must be B. must have been

C. might be D. can have been

3. That car nearly hit me; I ______.

A. might be killed B. might have been killed

C. may be killed D. may been killed

4. It’s a very kind offer, but I really _____ accept it.

A. mustn’t B. needn’t

C. can’t D. don’t

5. The police still haven’t found her, but they’re doing all they _____.

A. may B. can

C. must D. will

6. You _____ practise the drums while the baby is sleeping.

A. needn’t B. mightn’t

C. mustn’t D. won’t

7. You _____ him the news; he knew it already.

A. needn’t tell B. needn’t have told

C. mightn’t tell D. mightn’t have told

8. As she’s not here, I suppose she _____ home.

A. must go B. must have gone

C. might go D. might be going

9. Are you still here？ You ______ home hours ago.

A. should go B. should have gone

C. might go D. may have gone

10. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn’t recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _____ my aunt Jean.”

A. must be B. must have been

C. might be D. can have been

11. I _______ have met him a long time ago. Both his name and face are very familiar.

A. may B. can

C. would D. should

13.“Shall we go shopping？” “Sorry, we _______ buy anything now because none of the shops are open.”

A. mustn’t B. needn’t

C. can’t D. shouldn’t

14. They often go to the restaurants for meals. They _____ be very poor.

A. mustn’t B. can’t

C. may not D. needn’t

15. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She ______ have spoken at the meeting.

A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t

C. needn’t D. couldn’t

17. He ______ the test again, in which case, his mother will be very disappointed.

A. might fail B. must have failed

C. should fail D. could have failed

18. “Why didn’t she come to the meeting yesterday？” “I’m not so sure. She ______ ill.”

A. should be B. should have been

C. must be D. might have been

19. Why did you just sit and watch？ You _______ me.

A. could help B. should help

C. could have helped D. must have helped

20. “You ______ your teacher for help. He is kind-hearted.” “Yes. A whole day _______.”

A. can ask, will waste

B. must have asked, had wasted

C. could have asked, was wasted

D. shouldn’t have asked, would be wasted

21. “Is there a flight to London this evening？” “There _______ be. I’ll phone the airport and find it out.”

A. must B. might

C. would D. can

22. “Show me your permit, please.” “Oh, it’s not in my pocket. It ______.”

A. might fall out B. could fall out

C. should have fallen out D. must have fallen out

23. “Look at these tracks. It _______ be a wolf.” “Don’t be so sure. I think it _______ be a fox.”

A. must; could B. may; might

C. need; must D. could; need

25. “Did Jim come？” “I don’t know. He _______ while I was out.”

A. might have come B. might come

C. mush have come D. should have come

◆答案与解析◆

1. 选B，should 后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事，结果未做”，此处含有责备之意。

2. 选B，对过去情况的肯定推测，宜用“情态动词 + 动词完成式”，再根据句意，可确定答案为B.注：can 表示推测通常不用于肯定陈述句。

3. 选B，表示过去可能发生而实际上未发生的事，用might + 动词完成式。若只是推测过去可能已经发生的事，则可用 may [might] + 动词完成式，如 He may [might] have gone. 他可能已经走了。

4. 选C.由句意可知。

5. 选B，do all one can 意为“尽力”或“竭尽全力”。

6. 选C，mustn’t 在此相当于 can’t，且语气更强。

7. 选B，“needn’t + 动词完成式”的意思是：本来不必做某事，但实际上做了。上句意思是“你本来不必告诉他这个消息的，因为他（当时）已经知道了”。注意，句中 knew 为过去式。

8. 选B，must 后接动词完成式表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“一定已经做了某事”。

9. 选B，should 后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事，结果未做”。

10. 选B，对过去情况的肯定推测，宜用“情态动词 + 动词完成式”，再根据句意，可确定答案为B.注：can 表示推测通常不用于肯定句。

12. 选A.may have done sth 表示对过去可能发生的事进行推测，意为“可能曾经”。

13. 选C.根据上下文的语境推知。can’t 意为“不能”。

14. 选B.根据上下文的语境推知。can’t 表推测，意为“不不能”。

16. 选D.couldn’t have done sth 表示对过去情况进行推测，意为“过去不可能发生过某情况”。

17. 选A.根据下文的 will be 可知，“他考试再不及格”是将来的事，据此可排除B和D.再根据语意，排除C.

18. 选D.从时间上看，由于是昨天没来开会，所以推测他生病也应指昨天，故排除A和C.从语境上看，既然上文说 I’m not so sure，那么说明说话者对自己的推测没有很大把握，故选D.

19. 选C.根据上文的过去时态可知，此句谈的是过去的事，故排除A和C.根据语境排除D.

20. 选C.couldn’t have done sth 结构在此表示责备，指过去本来可以做某事但实际上未做。第二空填 was wasted，陈述的是过去的一事实。

21. 选B.根据下文的 I’ll phone the airport and find it out 可知，说话人对自己的推测没有很大把握，故选 might.若选A，语气太强，不合语境；若选D，不合语法习惯，因为can 表推测通常不用于肯定陈述句中。

22. 选D.既然“通行证现在不在口袋里”，那么它“掉出去”应发生在过去，故排除A和B.比较选项C和D所表示的意思，选D更恰当。

24. 选A.根据 Don’t be so sure 可知前面一空应填must.第二空填的could表示推测，虽为过去式形式，但表示现在意义，语气较委婉，它与表推测的 can 主要用于否定句和疑问句不同，它可以用于肯定陈述句。

25. 选A.根据句中有关时态可知“他来”发生在过去，故排除B；根据 I don’t know 可知选项C语气太肯定，不合适；选项D的意思是“本来应该来”，与语境不合。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇8：语法系列复习-----非谓语动词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法系列复习专题-----非谓语动词

非谓语动词

非谓语动词（不能作谓语用）包括不定式、分词及动名词。

一、动词不定式

1．常用形式：一般主动式to do, 一般被动式to be done

完成主动式to have done, 完成被动式to have been done

进行式to be doing

2．语法功能：可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语（即除谓语之外的各种成

分）。例如：

1）主语：To master a foreign language is very important.

2）表语：My job is to drive them to the company every day.

3）宾语：Do you want to visit the Great Wall?

Can you give us some advice on what to do next?

4） 宾补：The teacher advised us to have a rest first.

I didnt notice them come in.

注：see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态以后（即不定式作主补时）要带to, 其中let sb. do sth. 变为被动式为sb. is let do sth.

help（帮助）后作宾补的动词不定式可带to，也可不带to. 即help sb.(to)do sth.

5） 定语：不定式位于所修饰的名词，代词之后，如：Who was the first one to set

to the top of the hill yesterday? /He is the man to depend on/to believe in.

6）状语： in order to

A．目的状语：She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English.

to

注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。

B．原因状语： Im glad to see you . 注：这种“be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，其不定式有时也可视为宾语，如：He is eager to go to college./ She is sure to come here.

C．结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们一直活到见到家乡解放。

△在“too…to…”结构中表“太…结果不能”，如：He is too weak to do the work.

注：too之前如果有only, only too 表“非常”、“很”意，此时不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意。如：They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。

另外，too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时，不定式也表肯定意，

如：She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.

△在“形容词/副词＋enough＋不定式”结构中表“足以能…”，如：He is strong enough to do the work .

3．复合结构不定式（for sb. to do sth.），可作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。for 本身无意义，sb.可称之为不定式的逻辑主语。例如：I think it necessary for him to go there at once.（复合结构不定式作宾语）

注：当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，不用for, 而用of,

如：It is kind of you to help me .（相当于You are kind to help me .）这类形容词有good,nice,kind,wise, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, careless, impolite（不礼貌）等。right, wrong既可用于for sb. to do sth. 也可用于of sb. to do sth. 例如：Its right/wrongg for him to do the work alone.

4．疑问词＋不定式：可作主语、表语或宾语。如：How to finish the work in time is a problem.（主语）We dont know when and where to go .（宾语）

5．动词不定式的否定式（not to do sth.），语法功能同不定式肯定式。

6．不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：

1）一般式：表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动作之后，或

没有时间限制。例如：

They often watch us play table tennis.（与谓语动作同时）

She hopes to go there again.（在谓语动作之后）

It is necessary and important to read English every day.（无时间限制）

The factory to make radios is over there.（无时间限制）

2）完成式：表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如：Im sorry to have kept you waiting. /She seems to have been a teacher for many years.

3）进行式：表示正在发生的动作且与谓语动作同时发生。例如：

She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I come in.

7．不定式的被动式：名词、代词为不定式的逻辑宾语时，一般用不定式被动式，

例如：What is to be done is unknown. /The bridge to be bulit there is very long.

注：关于不定式的主动式表被动义用法参见《动词时态、语态》一讲。

一、分词

1．分词形式：有现在分词和过去分词两种。过去分词只有一种形式，现在分词则有：

一般主动式doing, 一般被动式being done, 完成主动式having done,完成被动式having been done

2．语法功能：在句中作定语、表语、宾补、状语。

3．现在分词和过去分词的区别：

1）语态不同：现在分词表示主动概念，及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。例如：the moving film 动人的电影，the moved girl 受感动的姑娘，a running machine 一台转动的机器， a stolen car 一辆被盗的汽车

注：关于心理状态动词的－ing形式表主动意，－ed形式表被动意，详见该讲后的专题。

2）时间关系上不同：现在分词表正在进行的动作，过去分词往往表已经完成的动作。

例如：a developing country 发展中的国家，a developed country发达的国家

4．现在分词的基本用法：

1） 一般主动式用法：

A．作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old.(＝The child who is sleeping is…)/The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.(＝The girl who is writing a letter can…)

The factory making TV sets is very large.(＝The factory which makes TV sets is very large.)

B．作表语：The story sounds very interesting./The news is very exciting.

C．作宾补：学用于see, watch, hear, feel, find, have, keep等动词之后。

例如：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. /I saw Tom coming out of the house. /Dont keep the students doing homework all day.

注：上述动词后跟不定式作宾补表示动作的过程，而不是正在进行中的动作，而现在分词作宾补则表示正在进行中的动作。例如：I heard them singing in the room

when I passed it.(singing不可改为sing) Do you often hear them sing in the room ?(sing不可改为singing)

have sb. do sth. 与have sb. doing sth. 的区别：前者have＝let, 后者have 有时表“keep”意，有时表“employ（雇用）”意。如：

Ill have him go with me.我将让他和我一块去。

Ill have him working in my compary.我将雇用他在我的公司里工作。

Dont have the machine working all day .不要让机器整天工作。

D．作状语：

①时间状语：Reading the letter, I couldnt help thinking of my school life.

②原因状语：Being ill, I didnt go to school yesterday.

③方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.

2）完成主动式用法：

这种分词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用，不能作定语用。例如：

Having finished her homework,she went to bed. /Not having received his letter, she wrote to him again.

3）一般被动式用法：

表示正在发生的被动动作，在句中作定语或状语。

例如：The car being repaired is mine.(＝The car which is being repaired is mine.) /Being repaired,the car cant be used.(＝As/Because it is being repaired,the car cant be used.)

4）完成被动式用法：

表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作，在句中多作状语，不能作定语。

例如：Having been praised a second time ,I decided to make still greater progress.

5．过去分词的基本用法：

1）作定语：The stolen car was found by the police last week.

2）作表语：The glass is broken. /When I got to the classroom,the door was locked.

3）作宾补：You must have your hair cut.

4）作状语：Given more time ,we can do the work much better.

6．独立主格结构：

当分词有它自己的独立主语（不同于句子主语的名词或代词）时，则是一种独立

主格结构形式，在句中作状语、定语等。例如：

The bell ringing, we all stopped talking.(＝When the bell rang,we all stopped talking.) /There being no bus, we had to walk home .(＝There was no bus ,so we had to walk home.)

7．使用现在分词的几个注意点：

(1)作状语用的现在分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中主语为同一人或同一事，例如：

Standing on top of the tall building,we could see the whole city.（正）

(Standing＝When we stood)

Standing on top of the tall building,the whole city could be seen.（误）

Having found the cause, they continued the experiment.（正）（Having found

＝After/When they had found）

Having found the cause, the experiment continued.（误）

(2)短暂动词（即瞬间动词）的现在分词被动式不可作宾补或定语。例如：

He saw the old man knocked down by the car.(knocked down不可改为being knocked down或having been knicked down)

Do you like the dictionary bought by Zhang Ming?(bought不可改为being bought或having been bought)

<2>现在分词被动式与过去分词用法的区别：

现在分词被动式与过去分词都有被动意，但其用法是有区别的：

(1) 作宾语时，现在分词的一般被动式表示一个正在发生的被动动作，过去分词则表示一个已发生过的被动动作或没有时间性的状态。例如：

Do you see the hospital there?

你看见了那边那个 医院吗？

The continent connected with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa.在苏伊士运河处与亚洲相连的洲是非洲。（句中connected无时间性）

(2) 作原因状语，现在分词被动式与过去分词可以互换。例如：

Being led(＝Led )by the Party,the Chinese people have won great victories.

(3) 作方式或伴随状语，不用现在分词被动式，而用过去分词。例如：

The soldiers lay on the ground,covered with nothing.

(4) 作时间状语，若动作先于句子的谓语动作，且有具体过去时间，不可用现在分词一般被动式或完成被动式。例如：Built in 1192 ,the bridge was very useful.

如果没有具体过去时间状语，可用过去分词或现在分词完成被动式。例如：

Discussed(＝Having been discussed)many times, the problem was settled at

last.

如果要强调分词状语的动作发生的时间在谓语动作之前，则宜用现在分词完成被动式，而不用过去分词。例如：

Not having been invited,she had to stay at home.

(5)在have,get之后宜用过去分词作宾补，不用现在分词被动式或不定式被动式作宾补。例如：Ill have my hair cut.(cut不能改为being cut或be cut)He got his watch repaired.(repaired不能改为being repaired或to be repaired)

(6)在make, order, want, like, wish等动词后，多用过去分词作宾补，少用现在分词被动式作宾补。例如

The speaker couldnt make himself heard.(一般不说being heard)

He wanted his house painted.(一般不说being painted)

8.心理状态动词的-ing形式与-ed形式

所谓心理状态动词是指含有使动意，使人产生某种情感、心理变化的动词。如：surprise使惊讶；interest使感兴趣。它们的-ing形式含主动意义，-ed形式含被动意义。皆可视为形容词。例如：surprising令人惊讶的，interesting令人感兴趣的；surprised（因…）感到惊讶的，interested（因…）感到兴趣的。下面的句子可显示两者的区别：

The film is so interesting that they are all interested in it.

She was much surprised at the surprising news.

已学的心理状态动词有：astonish,bore(使厌烦),delight,disappoint,

discourage,encourage,excite,frighten,interest,move(使感动)，please（使高兴）,puzzle（使迷惑）,satisfy（使满意）,surprise,shock,tire（使疲劳）,trouble,upset（使不安）,worry

它们的-ing形式多和物连用，如：The news is pleasing/exciting./a boring report(一个令人厌烦的报告),a tiring walk（累人的步行）。

它们的-ed形式多和人连用，如：an excited girl,/Im tired.

但是也有-ing形式和人连用，-ed形式和物连用的现象。如：an inspiring leader一位有感召力的领袖，an amusing girl一个讨人喜欢的女孩，a puzzled expression一种迷惑不解的表情，She said in a frightened voice.她用受了惊吓的声音说着话。

三、动名词

1． 形式同现在分词，有四种。

2． 动名词的基本用法：

1）作主语：Seeing is believing. /Talking is easier than doing. /it isnt necessary explaining to him. /Its no use waiting here.

2） 作表语：My hobby（爱好）is collecting stamps . /His job is washing and cooking.

3） 作宾语：When he came in,we all stopped talking . /He has given up smoking. /We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. /Are you fond of dancing?/The boy isnt worth teaching.

注 有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语。有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，有些动词后跟不定式。动名词作宾语含义不同。详见第6点。

4） 作定语：This is her fathers walking stick.

3． 动名词的复合结构：形式：his/him working there,Wang Dongs/Wang Dong working

there

语法功能：

1） 作主语：Your smoking too much will do harm to your health.（动名词的复合结构在句首作主语时，只能用sbs的形式，此句中的Your不可改为You。）

2） 作宾语：I dont like his/him staying with us.

3） 作表语：My joy is his winning the table－tennis game.（his不能改为him）

4． 动名词的完成式：

动名词的一般式所表示的动作为一种时间要领不强的或泛指的动作，或是与句中谓语同时发生。或在谓语之后发生的动作。

如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，则要用完成式。例如：

We were praised for having completed our task ahead of time.

在remember, forget, regret, excuse, apologize等动词之后，某些介词后，或某些习惯用语中，用动名词的一般式就可以表示完成式的概念。例如：

I remember him some money before.

He forgot me that. /After finishing his homework,he

went out for a walk.

5． 动名词的被动式

如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示动作的承受者，这个动名词就要用被动式。

例如：The problem is far from being settled.

动名词的完成被动式往往用一般被动式来代替，以免句子显得累赘。例如：

I still remember being invited（代替having been invited）by a famous artist when I was in Shanghai.

6． 动名词与不定式作主语、宾语的用法比较

<1>作主语：

(1)多数情况两者可以互换。例如：Seeing is believing.＝To see is to believe.

Talking is easy and doing is difficult.＝To talk is easy and to do is

difficult.

(2)如果表示一种具体、短期的行为，或表示将来的行为，宜用不定式。例如：

It took him two hours to finish the work.

To be a scientist is his desire（愿望）.

(3)如果表示一种经常性、习惯性的行为，一般用动名词。例如：

Getting up early is a good habit.

<2>作宾语：

(1) 有些动词跟不定式、动名词作宾语皆可，意义也差不多，主要有：begin, start,

continue, love, prefer等。

(2) 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，主要有：wish, hope, expect, demand, refuse,

decide.

(3) 有些动词后只能跟动名词作宾语，已学过的这类词有：finish, imagine, insist on,enjoy, escape, consider, cant help, admit, avoid, mind, miss, practise, put off（延迟）＝delay, suggest.feel like, look forward to,devote…to(doing),be worth.

(4)有些动词后跟不定式、动名词意义有明显差别，主要有：forget, remember, regret, stop, mean, try, want, need, require, go on

A.forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事

forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事＝forget having done sth.＝forget to have

done sth.

B.remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 remember doing sth.记住做过某事

C.regret to do sth. 遗憾（要）做某事 regret doing sth. 懊悔做了某事

D.stop to do sth. 停下（原事）去做某事（不定式作目的状语）

stop doing sth. 停止做某事

E.mean to do sth. 决意／打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味／表明做某事

F.try to do sth. 努力／设法去做某事

try doing sth. 试图／尝试用某一方法做某事

G.want/need/require to do sth. 要／想做某事

want/need/require dong. 需要／想要被…

H.go on to do sth. 继续做不同的事 go on doing sth. 继续做相同的事

7．使用现在分词的几个注意点：

(1)作状语用的现在分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中主语为同一人或同一事，例如：

Standing on top of the tall building,we could see the whole city.（正）

(Standing＝When we stood)

Standing on top of the tall building,the whole city could be seen.（误）

Having found the cause, they continued the experiment.（正）（Having found

＝After/When they had found）

Having found the cause, the experiment continued.（误）

(2)短暂动词（即瞬间动词）的现在分词被动式不可作宾补或定语。例如：

He saw the old man knocked down by the car.(knicked down不可改为being knocked down或having being knicked down)

Do you like the dictionary bought by Zhang Ming?(bought不可改为being bought或having been bought)

<2>现在分词被动式与过去分词用法的区别：

现在分词被动式与过去分词都有被动意，但其用法是有区别的：

(5) 作宾语时，现在分词的一般被动式表示一个正在发生的被动动作，过去分词则表示一个已发生过的被动动作或没有时间性的状态。例如：

Do you see the hospital there?

你看见了那边那个 医院吗？

The continent connected with Asia at the Suez Canal is Africa.在苏伊士运河处与亚洲相连的洲是非洲。（句中connected无时间性）

(6) 作原因状语，现在分词被动式与过去分词可以互换。例如：

Being led(＝Led )by the Party,the Chinese people have won great victories.

(7) 作方式或伴随状语，不用现在分词被动式，而用过去动词。例如：

The soldiers lay on the ground,covered with nothing.

(8) 作时间状语，若动作先于句子的谓语动作，且有具体过去时间，不可用现在分词一般被动式或完成被动式。例如：Built in 1192 ,the bridge was very useful.

如果没有具体过去时间状语，可用过去分词或现在分词完成被动式。例如：

Discussed(＝Having been discussed)many times, the problem was settled at

last.

如果要强调分词状语的动作发生的时间在谓语动作之前，则宜用现在分词完成被动式，而不用过去分词。例如：

Not having been invited,she had to stay at home.

(5)在have,get之后宜用过去分词作宾补，不用现在分词被动式或不定式被动式作宾补。例如：Ill have my hair cut.(cut不能改为being cut或be cut)He got his watch repaired.(repaired不能改为being repaired或to be repaired)

(6)在make, order, want, like, wish等动词后，多用过去分词作宾补，少用现在分词被动式作宾补。例如

The speaker couldnt make himself heard.(一般不说being heard)

He wanted his house painted.(一般不说being painted)

8.心理状态动词的-ing形式与-ed形式

所谓心理状态动词是指含有使动意，使人产生某种情感、心理变化的动词。如：surprise使惊讶；interest使感兴趣。它们的-ing形式含主动意义，-ed形式含被动意义。皆可视为形容词。例如：surprising令人惊讶的，interesting令人感兴趣的；surprised（因…）感到惊讶的，interested（因…）感到兴趣的。下面的句子可显示两者的区别：

The film is so interesting that they are all interested in it.

She was much surprised at the surprising news.

已学的心理状态动词有：astonish,bore(使厌烦),delight,disappoint,

discourage,encourage,excite,frighten,interest,move(使感动)，please（使高兴）,puzzle（使迷惑）,satisfy（使满意）,surprise,shock,tire（使疲劳）,trouble,upset（使不安）,worry

它们的-ing形式多和物连用，如：The news is pleasing/exciting.a boring report(一个令人厌烦的报告),a tiring walk（累人的步行）。

它们的-ed形式多和人连用，如：an excited girl,Im tired.

但是也有-ing形式和人连用，-ed形式和物连用的现象。如：an inspiring leader一位有感召力的领袖，an amusing girl一个讨人喜欢的女孩，a puzzled expression一种迷惑不解的表情，She said in a frightened voice.她用受了惊吓的声音说着话。

非谓语动词考点分析

1．The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C,didt include women players until

1919.(NMET)

A.first playing B.to be first played

C.first played D.to be first playing

析：根据题干，必须选表示被动的选项，故排除A、D；因B选项表“将要被举行”意， 不

合题干之用，只有C选项（相当于which was first played）才合用。

2．European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport

in the world.(NMET)

A.making B.makes C.made D.to make

析：B、C是谓语动词，在此不可用。D项to make或表目的，或表“将要使得”，这都不合题干情景。只有A.making,可作状语，表结果。再举一现在分词作结果状语例：

The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.公共汽车被大风雪所阻，因而耽误了。

3．Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening.(NMET)

A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking

析：根据this evening,应选表示将来义的选项，C、D应排除。Take后无宾语，必然要用被动式，故答案为A。

4．John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment.(NMET)

A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing

析：根据be made to do sth.句式，可定答案为A。

5．The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation.(NMET)

A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating

析：根据warn sb.(not)to do sth.句式，可排除B、D两项；又根据非谓语动词的否定式not总是在首位的规律，又可排除A，而定C。

6．--I usually go there by train.

--Why not ______ by boat for a change?(NMET)

A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going

析：此题可根据why not后直接跟原形动词规律而一举确定正确答案为D。若将B项改为try to go，则要根据其与try going意义之别来确定答案。依据题干对话内容，乙方是建议甲方尝试乘船变变花样，所以答案仍为D。

7．______ a reply,he decided to write again.(NMET)

A.Not receiving B.Receiving not

C.Not having received D.Having not received

析：非谓语动词的否定式not应置于首位，B、D皆为错误形式。A项不能表达先于decided

的动作，只有选C项才表没收到信在先，决定再写信在后，所以C为正确答案。

8．Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer.(NMET)

A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having mvented析：consider表“考虑”意时，其后动词用doing形式，此处不表“考虑”，而表“认为”，

这时consider后作宾语补足语或主语补足语多为to do,to have done,to be等形式。

据此可排除B、D两个选项。又因A表“要发明”意，不合题用，只有C表“发明了”意，才合题用，故选C。

9．Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South Africa.

A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited

析：“被邀请参加晚会”，应选表被动意的选项，B不可用。D项少引导词who，也应排除。

又因短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作定语，C也应排除，只有A.invited(＝who were

invited)才是正确答案。

10．The murderer was brought in,with his hands ______ behind his back.(NMET)

A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tired D.tied

析：B表主动意，应排除。C表“将要被捆绑”，A表“正在被捆绑”都不合题意，只有D项填入空白才能表达“双手被反绑着”这一意思，符合题干情景。再看一类似例句：

He came in,(with)his head held high.他昂首走了进来。

非谓语动词专练

1.______ more attention,the trees could have grown better.

A.To give B.Having given C.Given D.Giving

2.The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out

in the 16th century.

A.to be written B.written C.being written D.having written

3.The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river.

A.to play B.play C.to be playing D.playing

4.______ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A.To lose B.Lost C.Having lost D.Losing

5.When passing me he pretended ______ me.

A.to see B.not having seen C.to have not seen D.not to have seen

6.The children insisted ______ there on foot.

A.they going B.they would go C.on their going D.going

7.He still remembers ______ to Shanghai when he was very young.

A.taking B.being taken C.taken D.having taken

8.______ the railway station,we had a break,only ______ the train had left.

A.Arriving at;to find B.Coming to;discovering that

C.On arriving at;finding out D.Hurrying to;to have found out

9.With the boy ______ the way,we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to Zhongshan

Park.

A.leading;finding;leading B.to lead;found;to lead

C.led;finding;led D.leading;found;led

10.______ these pictures,I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Being

and ______ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more

beautiful.

A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen

11.I can hardly imagine Peter ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(NMET)

A.to have sailed B.to sail C.sailing D.sail

12.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air ______ against

your face.(MET)

A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move

13.______ is known to all,China will be an ______ and powerful country in 20 or

30 years time.

A.That;advancing B.This;advanced C.As;advanced D.It;advancing

14.While shopping,people sometimes cant help ______ into buying something they

dont really need.

A.persuade B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded

15.There was terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.(MET)

A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed

16.Please excuse my ______ in without ______ .

A.come;permitted B.coming;permitted

C.comimg;being permitted D.to come;being permitted

17.______ his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the

meeting ______ then.

A.Holding;being held B.Held;holding

C.Having held;held D.Held;to be held

18.--Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day?

--Yes,and I heard this song ______ in English.

A.sing;singing B.sung;sung C.sung;singing D.singing;sung

19.The question ______ now at the meeting is not the question ______ yesterday.

A.discussed;discussed B.discussing;had discussed

C.being discussed;discussed D.discussing;discussing

20.With the cooking ______ ,I went on ______ some sewing.

A.done;to do B.being done;doing

C.to be done;doing D.to have done;doing

21.It is no use ______ your past mistakes.

A.regretting B.regret C.to regret D.regretted

22.Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing ______ to her,only ______ her five

children.

A.left;to leave B.leaving;leaving C.leaving;left D.left;leaving

23.I am very busy.I have a very difficult problem ______ .

A.to work B.to work out

C.to be worked out D.to work it out

24.I would appreciate ______ back this affernoon.(NMET)

A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling

25.Climbing mountains was ______ ,so we all felt ______ .

A.tiring;tired B.tired;tiring C.tiring;tiring D.tired;tired

26.I saw some villagers ______ on the bench at the end of the room.

A.seating B.seat

C.seated D.seated themselves

27.She was glad to see her child well ______ care of.

A.take B.to be taken C.taken D.taking

28.It is one of the important problems ______ tomorrow.

A.to solve B.to be solved C.solved D.solving

29.______ maps properly,you need a special pen.

A.Drawn B.Drawing C.To draw D.Be drawing

30.There is a river ______ around our school.

A.to run B.run C.running D.to be running

31.How about the two of us ______ a walk down the garden?

A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taken

32.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way back home,

but unfortunately for me,I found my colour TV set. ______ when I got home.

A.lying;stolen B.laying;stealing C.lay;stolen D.lying;stealing

33.Whth the kind－hearted boy ______ me with my work,Im sure Ill be able to spare

time ______ with your work.

A.to help;help you out B.helping;helping you

C.helped;to help you out D.to help;to help you

34.Greatly movedd by her words, ______ .

A.tears came to his eyes B.he could hardly hold back his tears

C.tears could hardly be held back D.his eyes were filled with tears.

35.--I hope the children wont touch the dog.

--Ive warned them ______ .

A.not B.not to C.not touch D.not do

36.I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to

finish a report.(NMET)

A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone

37.When ______ why he walked in without permission,he just stared at us and

said nothing.

A.been asked B.asked C.asking D.to be asked

38.The man kept silent in the room unless ______ .

A.spoken to B.spoke to C.spoken D.to speak

39.He was often listened ______ in the next room.

A.sing B.sung C.to sing D.to to sing

40.Rather than ______ on a crowded bus,he always prefers ______ a bicycle.(NMET)

A.ride;ride B.riding;ride C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding

41.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him ______ .

A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to

42.Whats troubling them is ______ enough experienced workers.

A.that they have to B.they have not

C.their not having D.not their having

43.______ his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with

Bill.

A.Not knowing B.Knowing not

C.Not having known D.Having not know

44.Bamboo is used ______ houses in some places .

A.to build B.to building C.to be built D.being built

45.Go on ______ the other exercise after you have finished this one.(MET)

A.to do B.doing C.with D.to be doing

46.The day we looked forward to ______ .

A.come B.coming C.has come D.have come

47.Whom would you rather ______ the work?

A.to have to do B.to have do C.have to do D.have do

48.Do you think it any good ______ with him again?

A.to talk B.talking C.to talking D.having talked

49.Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before ______ .

A.accepting fully B.being fully accepted

C.fully accepting D.fully being accepted

50.The government forbids ______ such bad books.

A.published B.to publish C.publish D.publishing

非谓语动词专练答案

1―5 C B D B D 6―10 C B A A A 11―15 C B C C B 16―20 C A D C A

21―25 A D B C A 26―30 C C B C C 31―35 C A D B B 36―40 B B A D C

41―45 A C A A A 46―50 C D A B D

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇9：语法和词汇考点详解----非谓语动词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法和词汇考点详解----非谓语动词

【命题依据】 非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词等几种形式。它是中学英语语法中的重点和难点，也是历年高考题中的必考项目。单项填空题中平均每年有1-3题涉及该部分内容，常考考点主要为：动名词和不定式作宾语或宾语补足语的用法比较；现在分词和过去分词作定语和状语的用法比较；现在分词和过去分词的用法比较以及非谓语动词在特定语境中的考查。该项内容能考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构、分析句子的逻辑主语的能力。

[例题1]_____ as the ”first lady of speech“, Dr, Lillian Glass is recognized as one of the world’s leading experts on communication skills.

A. KnowingB. Having known C. Known D. To be known

【解题关键】解答该题的关键在于根据句意，准确判断选项动词在句中所作成分。

【答案解析】该题考查过去分词在句中用作原因状语。根据句意及句子结构可知，句子的主语Dr, Lillian Glass实际上就是选项动词的主语，相当于As he is known as ...引导的原因状语从句，为被动结构，故选过去分词known。答案为C。

[例题2]-Why do you look sad?

-There are so many problems _____.

A. remaining to settle B. remained settling

C. remaining to be settled D. remained to be settled

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键在于要准确把握There be句子结构及系动词remain的用法。

【答案解析】remain 在There be 结构中用作后置定语，由于remain是不及物动词，故应用现在分词remaining，相当于定语从句that remains；动词settle置于remain之后，应用动词不定式的被动结构来表示动作还未完成。答案为C。

[例题3]At the end of 2004, there were around 6,000 foreign printing companies in China, _____ up around 4 percent of national total.

A. made B. to make C. making D. having made

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要理解选项动词与前面分句结构关系，并准确把握其主动与被动的意义以及动作的一般性和完成性。

【答案解析】该句考查分词在句中用作结果状语。make up为及物动词短语，在前一分句动作之后发生，根据句意，表示主动，故应选making用作结果状语，相当于并列句and it made 或定语从句which made 句型结构。答案为C。

[例题4]-The English exam is not difficult, is it?

-_____. Even Tom _____ to the top students failed in it.

A. Yes; belongs B. No; belonged C. Yes; belonging D. No; belonging

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要根据上下文情景正确判断”前否后肯“反意问句的回答以及对句子结构的准确理解。

【答案解析】根据答句句意”甚至最好的学生汤姆考试也失败了“可知，第一空应选Yes,(it is)意为”不，英语考试难“；第二空选项动词belong与to构成不及物动词短语，在句中用作定语，故应选现在分词belonging，相当于定语从句who belongs to ...,注意句子的主谓结构为Even Tom failed in it。答案为C。

[例题5]-We didn’t find the Blacks _____ the lecture.

-No one had told him about ____ a lecture the following day.

A. to attend; there to be B. attending; there being

C. attended;there be D. attend; there was

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键在于准确把握”感觉动词“的复合结构的运用以及介词后There be结构的使用。

【答案解析】第一空动词attend为及物动词，表主动，根据感觉动词find所跟复合结构，不可使用to attend，过去分词attended表被动，意义也不成立，可选用attending或attend，但根据句意，此处强调状态，故attending现在分词为最佳选项；第二空介词about 后应使用动名词形式there being。答案B。

[例题6]Only____ according to the directions can the medicine be quite effective.

A. taking B. taken

C. being taken D. having been taken

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键在于正确区分分词的用法。

【答案解析】根据句意可知，选项动词的逻辑主语the medicine与动词take之间为被动关系，实际上相当于一个时间状语从句only when it is taken...结构，故应选taken在句中用作状语。答案B。

[例题7] The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if____ whether he was going in the right direction.

A. seeing B. having seen C. to see D. to have seen

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是准确把握连接词as if后非谓语动词的选用。

【答案解析】当as if后面直接跟一个动词时，常使用不定式to do来表示目的，相当于as if he were (was) to do sth说明动作的未完成性。答案为C。

[例题8]-Is there any possibility of the film____ in Paris International Festival?

-Not in the least, because audience generally think little of it.

A. trying out B. tried out C. to try out D. being tried out

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要正确理解介词后动名词的主动式与被动式的选用以及动名词与其逻辑主语之间的关系。

【答案解析】选项动词短语在句中用作介词of的宾语，应使用动名词形式，根据句意可知，介词of 后的名词the film为动名词短语try out的逻辑主语，且为被动关系，故应选用动名词的被动结构。答案D。

[例题9]-Hi, Mary. Would you like to go to the concert this evening?

-Sorry, Tom. ____ tomorrow’s lessons, I have no time to go out with you.

A. Not preparing B. Not having prepared

C. Not to prepareD. Being not prepared

【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确区分非谓语动词作状语的意义及用法，以及否定副词not的位置。

【答案解析】根据句意可知，选项动词为原因状语，表主动，强调动作的完成性，相当于一个原因状语从句：As I haven’t prepared tomorrow’s lessons...故应选B(Not having prepared);选项A为现在分词，不表示完成的意思；选项C为不定式的否定结构表目的；选项D为被动结构，not应置于分词being前面，均不符句意。答案B。

[例题10]Every student in our class had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office_____.

A. to send it to B. to send it

C. to be sent to D. to have it sent

【解题关键】解答该题关键是要注意疑问词后接不定式主动结构与被动结构用作宾语时的用法区别。

【答案解析】根据句意及句子结构可知，选项部分不定式与疑问词一起作为句子的宾语，在这一结构中，常用不定式的主动结构，可以转换为宾语从句：but no one knew which office he would send it to。注意send sth to sb/sp为固定短语，to为介词，不能省略。答案A。

[例题11]-O’Neal works hard.

-So he does. He is often seen _____ heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice.

A. to be sweated B. sweated

C. be sweated D. sweating

【解题关键】 解答该题关键是要正确处理好”感觉动词、使役动词“主动形式与被动形式复合结构中动词的选用。

【答案解析】根据句子结构可知，感觉动词see用于被动结构，选项A、C不可以用于这一结构中；选项B为被动意义，不成立；只有选项D(sweating)现在分词与be seen构成复合结构，强调状态。答案为D。

[例题12]-How did you get in touch with Mrs. Green?

-Well, it seems to me that you’ve forgottenme her telephone number the other day.

A. to tell B. to have told C. telling D. being told

【解题关键】 解答该题关键是要在上下文语境中理解动词forget后接动名词与不定式的用法区别。

【答案解析】根据问话人的句意可知，”已与Mrs. Green取得联系“了。故回答部分说明”已经忘记了告诉电话号码这件事“，应该使用forget doing sth/having done sth ”某事已做，但忘了“，forget to do sth意为”忘记要去做的事情“，强调动作还未发生。答案C。

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇10：非谓语动词练习(人教版高考复习英语下册教学论文)

非谓语动词练习

( )1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock.

A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest

( )2. Do you know the boy _______ under the big tree?

A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying

( )3. You’d better ______ your bike _____ at once. It is Monday tomorrow, you know.

A. to have, mend B. have, mended C. have, to mend D. to have, mended

( )4. --- Look! The lights in the classroom are still on.

--- Oh, I forgot _______.

A. turning them off B. turn them off C. to turn them off D. having turned them off

( )5. “Can’t you read?” the officer said _______ to the notice.

A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. point angrily

( )6. The computer center, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.

A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened

( )7. The policeman warned the young man _______ after drinking.

A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive

( )8. --- What’s the language _______ in New Zealand?

--- English.

A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak

( )9. He didn’t feel like _______ out for a walk, because he had caught a cold.

A. to go B. goes C. gone D. going

( )10. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.

A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

( )11. The house is not big enough for us all _______.

A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in

( )12. A clock is made for _______ us the time.

A. tell B. telling C. to tell D. tells

( )13. You’d better _______ at home all the time. It’s bad for your health.

A. don’t stay B. no to stay C. not stay D. not staying

( )14. The students are busy _______ ready for the exam now.

A. getting B. get C. got D. to get

( )15. The mother asked the boy _______ down the ladder, but he went on _______ instead.

A. come; climbing B. to come; to climb C. to come; climbing D. coming; climbing

( )16. Is there any time _______ to the museum?

A. going B. to go C. goes D. gone

( )17. The teacher asked the students to close the windows _______ the wind from _______ the papers away.

A. to stop; blowing B. stopping; blowing C. to stop; blow D. stopped; blow

( )18. A bird was seen _______ into the classroom yesterday.

A. flew B. to fly C. fly D. was flying

( )19. We should do as much as we can _______ water.

A. for saving B. to save C. save D. saved

( )20. There are many people _______ to buy cars in the modern world.

A. want B. wanted C. wanting D. to want

( )21. --- I’m too busy _______ to my family.

--- Why not call them instead?

A. writing B. to write C. written D. write

( )22. The little boy woke up his father, _______ “Happy Birthday!”

A. call B. to call C. called D. calling

( )23. The car _______ in Germany in the 1960s looks old now.

A. produced B. producing C. to produce D. which produced

( )24. --- What are on show in the museum?

--- Some pictures _______ by the Africans.

A. drawing B. drawn C. drew D. were drawn

( )25. The sick man stayed in bed, _______ very terrible.

A. felt B. feeling C. is feeling D. was feeling

( )26. --- The boy was seen _______ his bike a moment ago.

--- I am sorry to hear that.

A. fell off B. to fall off C. fall off D. to fall down

( )27. There’re so many beautiful presents in the shop that I don’t know _______.

A. to choose which one B. what choose C. which one to choose D. to choose what

( )28. --- How bad! They still have no ideas how _______ the problem.

--- Let’s go to help them.

A. solving B. solved C. to solve D. solves

( )29. What is the best way do you think ______ the wild animals?

A. protecting B. to protecting C. protected D. to protect

( )30. --- You’d better have your sports jacket _____. It’s too dirty.

--- Thanks. I will.

A. to wash B. washed C. washing D. wash

( )31. --- The little boy was made _______ English for another hour.

--- Poor boy!

A. read B. reading C. reads D. to read

( )32. I think it kind _______.

A. of him to help me B. for him to help C. that he help me D. of him helping me

( )33. It’s too hot today. Why not _______ your coat?

A. take on B. to take off C. take off D. taking off

( )34. Boys, don’t forget _____ the windows before you leave the classroom.

A. closing B. closed C. to closing D. to close

( )35. He made it _______ for people ______ the computers by inventing new software.

A. easy, use B. easy, using C. easily, to use D. easier, to use

( )36. All of the plans are very good. I really don’t know _______.

A. which to talk B. which to talk about

C. to talk about which D. I asked you for help

( )37. Would you please _______ any noise? The baby has just fallen asleep.

A. make B. to make C. not to make D. not make

( )38. --- Would you please try _______ late again?

--- Sorry, I won’t be late again.

A. not to be B. to be not C. not be D. be

( )39. The words _______ with “L” aren’t easily forgotten.

A. starting B. started C. to start D. whose starting

( )40. Have you got anything _______?

A. to open the box B. opening the box with C. opening the box D. to open the box with

( )41. We must try our best to stop the pollution _______ a happier life.

A. from living B. to live C. living D. live

( )42. --- Hello, what are you reading?

--- A book _______ by Bill Gates.

A. writing B. written C. to write D. which written

( )43. --- What do you come here for?

--- _______.

A. Borrow a CD B. To borrow a CD C. Borrowing a CD D. Borrowed a CD

( )44. Yesterday I heard a story _______ by my friend.

A. told B. telling C. to tell D. tell

( )45. We can’t help crying after _______ the sad news.

A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. to hear

( )46. --- Would you mind _______ for a few minutes?

--- No, not at all.

A. wait B. to wait C. waited D. waiting

( )47. Have you read this book? It’s worth _______.

A. to read B. read C. reading D. to be read

( )48. Mr Wang would like me _______ my classmates a talk.

A. to give B. giving C. gives D. give

( )49. I find _______ him all about it.

A. necessary to tell B. that necessary to

C. necessary it to tell D. it necessary to tell

( )50. It’s very nice _______ you to _______ me about it.

A. for; tell B. of; say C. to; speak D. of; tell

51. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _____as the plane was making a landing. （04上海春季） A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating

52. Victor apologized for __________ to inform me of the change in the plan. （04上海春季）

A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able

53. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, ______. （04上海春季）

A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted

54. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _________ the girl and took her away, _________ into the woods. （04上海春季）

A. seizing, disappeared B. seized.., disappeared

C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing

55. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. __________ the answers ready will be of great help. (05北京卷) A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having

56. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered __________ at the party, but not __________. (05北京卷)

A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leave

57. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses ___vacation to China. (05北京卷) A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid

58. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise __________. (05北京卷)

A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on

59. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ______ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. （05山东卷）

A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching

60. He glanced over at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (05广东卷) A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted

61. He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left. (05广东卷)

A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found

62. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well . （05湖北卷）

A．to spend B．spent C．being spent D．spending

63. ______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. （05湖北卷）

A．Being separated B．Having separated

C．Having been separated D．To be separated

64. ______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. （05湖南卷）

A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed

65. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest ______ in a year. （05湖南卷）

A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed

66. ---- Is Bob still performing?

---- I'm afraid not. He is said________ the stage already as he has become an official (05江苏卷)

A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left

67. ________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police (05江苏卷) A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing

68. ________ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life. (05江西卷)

A．Having given up hope of cure B．With no hope for cure

C．There being hope for cure D．In the hope of cure

69. I think you’ll grow ________ him when you know him better. (05江西卷)

A．liking B．to be like C．to like D．to be liking

70. The manager, ___ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room. (05江西卷)

A．who has made B．having made C．made D．making

姓名 班级 得分

1-5 CDBCA 6-10 DABDB 11-15 ABCAC 16-20 BABBC

21-25 BDABB 26-30 BCCDB 31-35 DACDD 36-40 BDAAD

41-45 BBBAC 46-50 DCADD

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇11：动词的时态语态 (人教版高考复习英语下册教学论文)

动词的时态语态

1.时态

时态 用法 例示

一般现在时 现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常与usually, always, seldom, often, frequently, every day 等时间状语连用 We always care for each other and help each other.

He sometimes stay up till midnight to catch up with others.

主语现在的特征，性格和状态 She is always ready to help others.

-do you sing? –a little

客观规律，正确事实或科学真理，格言以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在 All the living things on the earth depend on the sun.

Our teacher told us the earth goes round the sun.

在由连词if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however等引起的时间（条件，让步）状语从句，需用一般现在时表将来。 Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place.

However much advice you give him, he will do exactly what he wants.

安排，或计划要做的动作（有时间状语）限于begin, come, leave, go, arrive, open, start, stop, close, return 等一类动词。 The plane takes off at 5:00 a.m.

一般过去时 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, in 1996, two years ago ,last month, the day before yesterday, the other day 等表示过去的时间状语连用。 The Great Wall came into being in 221BC.

过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的行为，常与every day, often, sometimes等时间状语连用，used to , would常用来表示过去经常或反复发生的行为。Would 不接表示认识或状态的词，但used to 不受限制。 When I was in the factory, I often worked in the workshop.

We used to get up at five every morning when were at school.

We would ask him for advice when we had trouble with our English.

He used to like football when I was at middle school.

过去发生的一系列动作 The professor put one finger in his mouth, tasted it, and smiled with satisfaction.

在时间，条件，方式让步状语从句中用一般过去时表过去将来时。

He said he would let us know if he got any news.

He promised that he would buy some copies for us when he went there.

I didn’t know you bought the present for me.

语境中的过去时，往往表示“刚刚，刚才，”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”

一般将来时 Shall/will +动词原形1 单纯表将来2 不用于条件句中3 表必然的将来4 表意愿，决心 He will be thirty years old next year.

If you will wait here, the manage will be back 10 mins later.

Be going to 1计划打算干2, 客观迹象预示 Look at the clouds, there is going to be a storm.

If you are going to do it, you had better do it well.

Be on the point of /be about to 不与时间状语连用，但可和when 从句连用

Be to 1 预定要做 2 表示命令，禁止应该3 注定 We are to finish the work before five this year.

No one is to leave the cinema without the police’s police’s permission

瞬间动词的现在进行时表将来。 Go start, set out, leave , reach, arrive, return, come, move, take off They are moving Nanjing for Guangzhou on Sunday.

祈使句/短语+and/or +主语+will

Work hard and you’ll succeed

A bit more effort, and you will succeed.

将来完成时 表示在将来的一个特定时刻将成为过去的动作或该时刻刚刚结束的动作 I shall have finished this one before lunch.

I hope we'll have got the instructions (说明书) ready before you come tomorrow.

过去将来时 Was/were going to

Was/were to

Was about to

Was/were + 现在分词

Was/were on the point of

现在进行时 表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作 Look! The boy is dozing off.

表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定正在进行） How are you getting along with your English these days.

表示说话人对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶。（常与always, constantly, continually 等副词连用） The children are always making trouble.

She is always asking the same question.

瞬间动词表将来

过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间，除有上下文暗示外，一般和时间状语连用。

表示说话人对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶。（常与always, constantly, continually 等副词连用）

瞬间动词表将来

描写故事的背景 It was winter. The north wind has blowing hard and a heavy snow was falling. A poor little girl was walking in the street.

用在复合句中

He was reading while his wife was cooking.

While he was driving, he was thinking about the matter.

不与时间状语连用，表示逐渐的发展 It was getting darker.

现在完成时 对现在的影响或动作与状态的持续

常与有介词for, during, in within, over 引导的时间状语连用 We have discussed the topic (for) the last 3 weeks.

I haven’t seen him in the recent years.

表示反复或习惯性的动作，常与

several times, once, twice, 等频度副词

连用 I have watched him several times.

He has been to London twice.

用在时间，条件状语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作之前已完成。 I will give my opinion after I have read through the book.

We will set out at once if the rain has stopped

现在完成进行时 表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在，甚至将来。（强调进行的过程） He is ill. he has been lying in bed for three weeks.

She is very tired. she has been typing letters all day.

一直到现在为止的一段时间内一再反复进行的动作 All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.

过去完成时 表示过去的过去；一直延续到过去某一点的动作或状态。 I received a letter from a friend yesterday. We had not heard from each other since 1990

表示原本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。常用此结构德动词有hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, intend 等 We had hoped to catch the 9:30 train, but we failed to.

They had expected to get what they needed, but there was nothing there.

用于no sooner… than; hardly… when的句型中 I had no sooner returned than he called.

时态 比较 过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般过去时表示动作的完成 Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.

Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night.

现在完成时强调结果或动作已完成

现在完成进行时强调动作在继续 We have discussed the question with him.

We have been discussing the question with him all evening.

固定句型 By the end of By the end of last term, we had learned 2000 words.

By the end of this term, we will have learned…

It is the first time

It was the first time

It is high time that It is the first time that you have visited our school.

It was the first time that you had visited…

It is high time that you came here.

2． 语态

主动表被动 及物动词作不及物用＋副词 （hardly, easily, badly, nicely, well, smoothly）等时。常用动词有act, add, bend, close, lock, cut, begin, move, open, read, sell, teach, translate, wash, wear, write 等，主语往往是物而不是人。 The pen write well.

Wood burns easily.

The car drives smoothly.

The case locks easily.

形容词 ＋不定式结构中，不定式与句子主语有动宾关系时。

要注意如果句中的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时用主动语态，否则用被动。 The picture is pleasant to look at.

I found his theory hard to understand.

I found my theory hard to be understood.

介词短语 in sight, on show, on sale, under construction作表语或定语表被动。 The new railway under construction will be completed soon.

Be worth, be missing , in need of , remaining, want/need/require be to blame be to let The teaching method is in need of improving.

There is no remaining money here.

The house is to let

连系动词：表感觉的 appear, feel, prove, taste ,表变化的 become, come fall, grow, turn,表依旧的continue, lie, remain, stay, stand Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.

某些动词以物做主语，进行时表被动eg. Print, cook, fry, hang, build, make The dinner is cooking.

The book is printing.

The house is building.

被动表主动 Burn, devote, dress, hide, seat, love, wear, tire+oneself +介词＝be+ed +介词 He seats himself on the bench.

Affect, amuse, astonish, delight, disappoint, discourage, encourage, excite, frighten, inspire, move, strike, touch, upset, worry等用于 sb+be+ed sth+be + ing 作定语ed+sb ing+sth He was too frightened to move.

不用被动语态 Come about, occur, break out, belong to, happen, succeed, fail, add up to, take place, come into being, cost, set sail for, take part in, give out, come true, lose heart, play a part in

双重被动式 常用的动词有wish, expect, advise, mean, believe, suppose, order, allow The book is believed to have been translated into French.

The sports meet was never expected to be put off.

Get, become, go ,come ,feel, grow, seem, look 可以作为系动词在口语中使用 I grew excited and a little frightened.

He seemed satisfied with my offer

Five soldiers got wounded in the battle.

高考对于进行体的常考点

1． 一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。

Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.

As he was reading the newspaper, granny fell asleep.

2. 表示动作的未完性，暂时性。

I don’t really work here. I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.

Selecting a mobile phone for a personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.

3. 表示现在或当时发展中或正在进行的情况。

I don’t think Jim saw me; he was just staring into space.

I first met Lisa 3 years ago. She was working at a radio shop at that time.

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇12：语法系列复习七-----动词时态，被动语态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法系列复习专题七-----动词时态，被动语态

一、一般现在时

1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、

状态、能力等。

2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如：

Ill go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I wont go there.

3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。

二、现在进行时

1.表示正在进行的动作。

2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。

3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。

4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget,

believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。

三、现在完成时

1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.

2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.

3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：

1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。例如：She has cleaned the room.Its very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状无关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到Its…这样的一般现在时。)

2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.

4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：

--Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.

--She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.

5.短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,

finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.

四、现在完成进行时

1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.

2.凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。

五、一般过去时

表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。

六、过去进行时

1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.

2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如：They were still working when I left.

3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV.

4.表示过去将来动作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.

七、过去完成时

1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.

2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。例如：At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.

3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.

八、一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式：

1.will/shall do （侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）

2.be going to do (主观上打算或客观上可能发生)

3.be doing (按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用)

4.be about to do (按计划即将发生)

九、将来完成时

用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.

时态考点分析

1．--Can I join your club,dad?

--You can when you______a bit older. (NMET)

A.get B.will get C.are getting D.will have got

析：“You can”是将来意，when引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时表将来所以此题答案为A.

2．--Oh,it’s you!I______you.

--I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.

A.didn’t recognize B.hadn’t recognized

C.haven’t recognized D.don’t recongnize

析：从“Oh,it’s you!”可知说话时已认出对方。“没有认出”是在此之前为过去情况，所以应选A.

3.I don’t think Jim saw me;he______into space. (NMET)

A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared

析：在空白处应选一个与“saw”相配，能解释Jim didn’t see me 这一原因的选项，只有着眼于A、B。若选A不能体观他“当时正在做”某事，故排除A而选B。这样因为“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”。

4.--______my glasses?

--Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago. (NMET)

A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen

析：现在完成时可表过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果，问话人以这样的时态发问可作现焦急的心情。故答案为D。

5.You don’t need to describe her.I______her several times. (NMET)

A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet

析：答案B。道理同4。

6.--Do you know our town at all?

--No,this is the first time I______here.

A.was B.have been C.came D.am going

析：根据this/it is the first/second/…time sb.has done sth.句型，可定答案为B。又如：This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.

7.I don’t really work here.I______until the new secretary arrives. (NMET)

A.just help out B.have just helped out

C.am just helping out D.will just help out

析：根据I dont really work here.以及…until the new secretary arrives,可知说话人所要做的事是计划安排行为，C、D两个选项都表将来动作，但D非计划安排，C则体现按计划去做，所以此题答案为C。

8.--Is this raincoat yours?

--No,mine______there behind the door. (NMET)

A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung

析：此题的“悬挂”是指现状而言，故表过去“挂”的B、D项可排除。C项虽指“现在挂”，但侧重在常规，习惯。为了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正挂在门后”这一意思，选A是极为合情理的。

被动语态

一、被动语态的句型

1.常见句式是：主语（受动者）＋be＋过去分词＋（by＋施动者）

例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.

2.主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分

例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.

注意：使用这种结构不能带有“by＋施动者”

3.带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。例如：She lent me a bike.被动：1）I was lent a bike(by her).

2）A bike was lent to me(by her).

4.情态动词＋be＋过去分词

例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.

5.双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分

例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.

二、主动表示被动的几种情况

1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。These books sell well.这些书好卖。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat wont keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。

2.一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被动式，如：His answer(was) proved right.

3.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比较：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。

三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况：

1.I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可作主语。

2.We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。

3.He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.因为象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。

4.She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.因为象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。

被动语态考点分析

1.I need one more stamp before my collection______. (NMET)

A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed

析：complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。

2.--Do you like the material?

--Yes,it______very soft. (NMET)

A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt

析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来…”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为C。feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等变化。

3．Great changes______in the city,and a lot of factories______. (NMET)

A.have been taken place…have been set up

B.have taken place…have been set up

C.have taken place…have set up

D.were taken place…were set up

析：take place（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除C，答案为B。

4.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa. (NMET)

A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited

析：首先可排除B。因为它不表示“被邀请”。又因D项少引导词who，也应排除。A项＝who were invited,C项＝who were being invited,由象invite这类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作后置定语，故也应排除。因而可定答案为A。

5.I dont know the restaurant,but its______to be quite a good one.(NMET)

A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked

析：根据“某人/某物据说…”英文句式为“sb/sth.is said…”可定答案为A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩。

6.The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.(NMET)

A.has broken into…has been stolen B.has broken into…had been stolen

C.has been broken into…stolen D.had been broken into…stolen

析：“房屋被人闯入”，“东西被偷”都是被动语态，故可排除A、B。因C项中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，则答案只能是D。

7.I promise that the matter will______. (NMET)

A.be taden care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of

析：take care of…是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。

8.If city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. (NMET)

A.are not kept…will have to B.are not kept…have to

C.do not keep…will have to D.do not keep…have to

析：观察题干，第一处必须用被动式，答案只能在A、B中选一。条件句用一般现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为A。

9.The Olympic Games,____in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.(NMET)

A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing

析；要表达“被举行”，只能在B、C中选。B意“将要首次举行”。显然不合in 776 BC这一过去时间，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案为C。

10.This sentence needs______.

A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved

析：初看此题似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音开头词，其前要用an,故排除。need作实义动词，和require,want一样，后面可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被…”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(这扇门需要漆一下。)

11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.

A.am not B.havent been C.was not D.will not be

析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasnt possible.由于这种句式表示“过去想”，所以but后的句子也应该是过去时态与之相配合，故此题答案是C。

12.--______the note______to Mr Smith?

--No,It is still in my pocket.

A.Is…being given B.Was…given C.Has…been given D.Hasnt…been given

析：根据问句与答句，问话人显然是注重结果，故要用现在完成时。似乎D作为反诘句“难道条还没给史密斯先生吗？”也成立，但若是这种口气发问，答话人就应答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此题答案应为C。

13.We heard it______that he had gone to New York.

A.say B.said C.to say D.be said

析：It was said that…可以改为We heard it said that…(都表示“据说…”之意)。前一种说法中It 是形式主语，后一种说法中it是形式宾语。故此题答案为B。

动词时态、语态专练

1.The maths problem can be______.

A.easy worked out B.easy to be worked out

C.easily worked out D.easily to work out

2.Every possible means______,but none proves successful.

A.has been tried B.tried C.is being tried D.has tried

3.The girl is to______a rich man.

A.marry with B.be married C.marry to D.be married to

4.He received a telegram that______“Mother sick”.

A.wrote B.says C.reads D.read

5.Who can you imagine______to his wedding party?

A.inviting B.being invited C.was invited D.to be invited

6.I______ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.(NMET)

A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given

7.--Will somebody go and get Dr.White?

--Hes already been______.(NMET)

A.asked for B.sent for C.called for D.looked for

8.A conductor______to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.

A.needs B.is needing C.was needed D.has been needed

9.When and where to build the new factory______yet.

A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided

10.Ways______to stop pollution by now.

A.must find B.will be found C.are found D.have been found

11.I dont want anything______about it.

A.to say B.said C.saying D.having said

12.--______that the sports meet might be put off.

--Yes,it all depends on the weather.

A.Ive been told B.Ive told C.Im told D.I told

13.A library with five thousand books______to the nation as a gift.(NMET)

A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered

14.Betty has never been heard _______ill of others.

A.speak B.spoken C.to speak D.was said

15.Tom______to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.

A.said B.says C.is said D.was said

16.--What do you think of the book?

--Oh,excellent.Its worth______a second time.(NMET)

A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read

17.Little Jim should love______to the theatre this evening.(NMET)

A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking.

18.______more attention,the trees could have grown better.(NMET)

A.Given B.to give C.Giving D.Having given

19.--where______the book?I can’t see it anywhere.

--I______it right here but now it’s gone.

A.did you put;have put B.have you put;put

C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;have put

20.He would not fail so long as he______hard the next term.

A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.studies

21.How long______the English party______?

A.has;been lasted B.did;last C.was;lasted D.will;be lasted

22.What______you______this time next Friday?

A.will;do B.have;been doing C.are;doing D.will;be doing

23.Hardly______the bell______when the teacher came in.

A.did;ring B.would;ring C.has;rung D.had;rung

24.It______and the streets were still wet.

A.had been raining B.rained C.had been rained D.would rain

25.The book______on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up.

A.is lying B.has lain C.lay D.has been lying

26.We______there when it______to rain.

A.were getting;would begin B.were about to get;began

C.had got;had begun D.would get;began

27.The teacher said we______ten lessons by the end of this term.

A.should have studied B.were going to study

C.have studied D.should study

28.--she told me she had met you in London last year.

--______you______her since?

A.Had;met B.Did;see C.Would;meet D.Have;seen

29.--When______again?

--When he______,I’ll let you know.

A.will he come;will come B.will he come;come

C.he comes;comes D.will he come;comes

30.Tom______for more than a week.

A.has left B.had gone away C.went away D.has been away

31.--What happened to her teeth?

--She______the apple more than she could chew.

A.has bitten B.bit C.had been bitting D.bites

32.Shakespeare was said______37 famous plays in his lifetime.

A.finishing writing B.to finish writing

C.having written D.to have written

33. --You’ve agreed to go.So why aren’t you getting ready?

--But I______that you______me to start at once.

A.don’t realize;want B.don’t realize;wanted

C.haven’t realized;want D.didn’t realize;wanted

34. --I missed the lecture last night.

--Oh,what a pity!I wish______.

A.you heared it B.you had heard it

C.you never heard it D.you hadn’t heard it

35.I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I______it.

A.finished B.am going to finish C.will finish D.have finished

36. --Your phone number again?I______quite catch it.

--It’s 9586442.(NMET)

A.didn’t B.couldn’t C.don’t D.can’t

37. --I’m sorry to keep you waiting.

--Oh,not at all.I______here only a few minutes.

A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be

38.When I was at college.I______three foreign languages,but I______all except a few words of each.

A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten

C.had spoedn;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten

39.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.

A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arriving (NMET)

40. --Who is Jerry Cooper?

--______?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.(NMET)

A.Don’t you meet him yet B.Hadn’t you met him yet

C.Didn’t you meet him yet D.Haven’t you met him yet

41. --We could have walked to the station.It was so near.

--Yes,a taxi______at all necessary.(NMET)

A.wasn’t B.hadn’t been C.wouldn’t be D.won’t be

42.We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose______to her?(NEMT)

A.was happening B.to happen C.has haqqend D.having happened

43.On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,______some bananas and visited her cousin.(NMET)

A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy

44.As she______the newspaper,Granny______asleep.(NMET)

A.read;was falling B.was reading;fell

C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell

45.I______the bad cold for a week,still I can’t get rid of it.

A.caught B.have caught C.have D.have had

46.I______the time______so quickly.

A.didn’t realize;had passed B.don’t realize;passed

C.haven’t realized;passed D.hadn’t realized;had passed

47.--My watch______twelve o’clock.It’s so late. --Let’s hurry up.

A.is said B.says C.is told D.tells

48.Helen______her key in the office so she had to wait her husband_____home.(NMET)

A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come

49.The pen I______I______is on my desk,right under my nose.(NMET)

A.think;lost B.thought;had lost C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost

50.--Jane has just arrived. --I didn’t know she______.

A.is coming B.was coming C.had been coming D.will come

动词时态、语态专练答案

1－5 C A D D C 6－10 B B C A D 11－15 B A A C C 16－20 C A A B A

21－25 B D D A D 26－30 B A D D D 31－35 B D D B D 36－40 A A B B D

41－45 A C A B D 46－50 A B C B B

责任编辑：李芳芳

篇13：语法复习八：动词时态和语态（1） (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

语法复习八：动词时态和语态（1）

一、动词的分类和形式：

动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气3种形式的变化。

1、动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为：“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种

2、动词的4种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。

3、动词按其构成动词词组作用分为：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。1）实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。还可分为持续性动词和瞬间动词；2）连系动词有两种：一种表特征或状态，另一种表状态变化过程。

4、五种不同的短语动词：1）“动词+介词”；2）“动词+副词”；3）“动词+副词+介词”；4）“动词+名词（或代词）+介词”；5）“be+形容词（包括相当于形容词的过去分词+介词”。

二、动词的时态：

1、一般现在时的用法：1）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。2）表示主语的特征、性格和能力。3）表示客观事实或真理。4）表示按照计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是go,come, leave, start, stop, be等开始或移动意义的词。）

2、一般过去时的用法：1）表示过去的动作或状态。2）叙述过去连续发生的事情。3）表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作。

3、一般将来时的用法：1）表示将来的动作或状态。2）表示将来的经常动作。

4、现在进行时的用法：1）表示说话时正在进行的动作。2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定进行。）

5、过去进行进的用法：1）过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。2）表示移动的动词：come, start, stay, leave, go等词的过去进行时可以表示过去的将来要发生的动作。3）was going to do可以表示在过去某一时间之后发生的动作。

6、现在完成时的用法：1）表示刚刚完成的动作，常与just连用。2）表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来。常与since, for连用，但for, since不能与终止性的动词连用。3）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

7、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1）现在完成时与现在有联系，它表示过去的动作对现在所产生的结果、影响。一般过去时通常表示在过去某一具体时间发生的动作，与现在没什么联系。2）现在完成时表示过去延续到现在的行为；一般过去时着重过去某一时刻的某一具体动作。

8、过去完成的用法：1）表示在过去某一或动作之前已经完成的动作。常与by, before等介词短语或一个状语从句或上下文暗示。2）表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和for（有时可省去）或since 构成的短语或since引导的从句连用。

9、过去将来时的用法：表示对于过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

练习一：动词时态与语态（1）

1. When I saw Mary, she ______ on the piano.

A. is playing B. plays C. was playing D. played

2. She ______ the door before she goes away.

A. had locked B. is locking C. has locked. D. was locking.

3. A hunter is a man who ______ animals.

A. catch B. catches C. will catch D. was catching

4. What _____ if I drink this?

A. happens B. is happening C. will happen D. is happened

5. I will visit you if Father ______ me.

A. let B. lets C. is letting D. will let

6. Look out! That tree _____ fall down.

A. is going to B. will be C. shall D. would

7. My uncle _____ to see me. He'll be here soon.

A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came

8. They can't leave until they _____ their work.

A. did B. are doing C. have done D. has done

9. ”Has he seen this film?“ ” Yes. He ______ it several days ago. “

A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. was seeing

10. Now Mike isn't here. He ______ Mr Green's. Perhaps he ______ back in a few minutes.

A. went to; is coming B. has gone to; will come

C. has been to; will be D. is going to; has come

11. That day he ._______ his clothes before he came to see me.

A. has washed B. washed C. had been washing D. was washed

12. I haven't finished my composition. I ______ for two hours and a half.

A. have written it B. have been writing it

C. wrote it D. am writting it

13. I will take my daughter with me when I _____ ShangHai,

A. go to B. will go to C. have been to D. have gone to

14. This bright girl ______ the truth in front of the enemy.

A. didn't say B. couldn't speak to C. said D. didn't tell

15. The bridge which ______ last year looks really beautiful.

A. was built B. built C. was set up D. had been built

16. ” When ______ school begin?“ ” Next Monday. “

A. has B. does C. did D. is going to

17. I will ______ here till you give me some money.

A. leave B. not leave C. come D. return

18. I _____ here since I moved here.

A. will work B. worked C. work D. have been working

19. Every time I _____ there, I will buy him something nice.

A. went B. will go C. go D. have gone

20. It was said that his father ______.

A. has died B. died. C. has been dead D. had died

21. We won't go unless you ______ soon.

A. had come B. came C. will come D. come

22._____six years since I began studying English.

A. They have been B. it is C. It was D. There are

23. They ______ the Summer Palace three times.

A. have gone to B. have been to C. have been in D. have gone into

24. ”How long haven't we seen each other? “”Well, it _____ nearly two years since we ______ last. “

A. is/have met B. was/had met C. is/met D. has been/had met

25. ”Have you seen the art exhibition?“ ”No, _____ there. “

A. it was not being held B. they didn't hold

C. it had not held D. they were holding it

26. Don't get off the bus until it ______.

A. stop B. will stop C. stopped D. has stopped

27. ”Where ______ the recorder? I can't see it anywhere.“ ”I _____ it right here. But now it's gone. “

A. did you put/have put B. have you put/put

C. had you put/was putting D. were you putting/have put

28. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was 10 years since I ______ a good drink.

A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying

29. Don't come tonight. I would rather you _____ tomorrow.

A. come B. came C. will come D. coming

30. ______ you ______?

A. Do/marry B. Have/married C. Have/been married D. Are/married

31. When he ______ all the newspapers, he'll go home.

A. sells B. has sold C. will have sold D. will be sold

32. ”This cloth _____well and _____ long. “”Ok. I'll take it. “

A. washes/lasts B. is washed/lasted C. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting

33. ”Hurry up, you ______ on the phone. “ ”Oh, I'm coming. Thank you. “

A. are wanted B. are being wanted C. want D. are wanting

34. I ______ see you, but I didn't, for I had no time.

A. had wanted to B. has wanted to C. wanted D. was wanted

35. I ______ in Guang Zhou for six years by this October.

A. have lived B. was living C. will be living D. shall have lived

36. By this time next year he ______ from the college.

A. will be graduating B. should be graduating

C. will have graduated D. is graduating

37. Our teacher told us that the earth _____ from west to east.

A. turns B. turn C. has turned D. had turned

38. My brother _____ while he _____ his bicycle and hurt himself.

A. fell/was riding B. fell/were riding

C. had fallen/rode D. had fallen/was riding

39. Bill said he ____ twenty-one the next year.

A. was going to be B. was about to be C. could be D. was to be

40. It is high time you _____ in bed now.

A. are B. were C. will be D. would be

41. After a while an agreement _____.

A. was arrived at B. was arrived in C. was arrived D. has been arrived

42. The air liner from Beijing _____ at 3:00 p.m.

A. is about to arrive B. has arrived C. arrives D. is going to arrive

43.______,that step is not safe!

A. Look around B. Look up C. Look out D. Look down

44. ”Have you _____ him to give up smoking?“ ”No. I _____, but he wouldn't listen.“

A. persuaded/tried B. tried/persuaded C. tried/tried D. persuaded/persuaded

45. The research laboratory is going to ______ the new type of computer to use.

A. take B. make C. put D. send

46. I don't know when he ______, but when he ______, I'll let you know.

A. will come/comes B. comes/will come C. comes/comes D. will come/will come

47. How much do you think that vase _____?

A. is cost B. used C. was paid for D. cost

48. I _____ that he would be able to leave tomorrow, but it's beginning to look diffcult.

A. hope B. had hoped C. hoped D. am hoping

49. “Come on, Peter, I want to show you something.”

“Oh, how nice of you, I _____ you _____ to bring me a gift.”

A. never think/are going B. never thought/ were going

C. didn’t think/ are going D. hadn’t thought/ were going

50. It’s a nice flat, but it _____ a proper bathroom.

A. haven’t got B. hasn’t got C. wouldn’t get D. doesn’t have got

51. She had a shock when she heard the news, _____?

A. hadn’t she B. didn’t she C. wouldn’t she D. won’t she

52. This liquid _____ the salt at room temperature.

A. became mixed with B. was mixed by

C. mixes with D. has been mixing by

动词时态和语态（2）

一、时态的呼应：在复合句，从句（主要是宾语从句）中的时态，常受主句谓语动词的影响，这就叫做时态的呼应，时态的呼应一般有如下的情况。

1、如果主句的谓语动词为现在时态，其从句中的谓语动词应该用什么时态就用什么时态，如：She knows you have been in Beijing for five rears.

2、如果主句中的谓语动词为过去时态，从句中的谓语动词就要用过去时态，但要注意到下列情况：（1）如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句中的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，从句中须用一般过去时或过去进行时，如：She said she was busy then. (2)如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句中须用过去完成时，如：I didn’t know that she had been to London twice. (3)如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之后，从句须用过去将来时，如：They didn’t know when they would have a rest. (4)如果从句中说明的是一种普遍真理现象，虽然主句的谓语动词为过去时态从句中仍要用一般现在时，如：When I was a little child, my father told me that the earth is round. (5)如果从句中有表示具体过去时间的状语，虽然其谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句仍用一般过去时，但如果该状语表示的时间不具体，则从句仍要用过去完成时，如：Tome said he was born in 1975.

二、被动语态：英语动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，在被动语态的句子中，动作的执行者，一般由介词by引起的短语来表示，如:We often help them. (主动)我们常帮助他们。They are often helped by us.(被动)他们常被我们帮助。

1、被动语态各时态的形式是由助动词be的各时态的形式加及物动词的过去分词构成。

2、被动语态八种时态的用法例句:被动语态常用的八种时态的基本用法和主动语态各时态的

基本用法相同，只是句中的主语不是动作的执行者，而是动作的承受者，如:(1)一般现在时：Now English is taught in all middle schools in our country. (2)一般过去时：The Great hall of the People was built in 1959. (3)一般将来时: When will the work be finished? (4)过去将来时：He told us that the work would be finished the next day. (5)现在进行时：

Your tractor is being repaired now.(6)过去进行时：The child was being examined by the doctor when they came in. (7)现在完成时：The work hasn’t been finished yet. (8)过去完成:The new plan had been carried out before the second experiment began.

3、在下列情况下，一般使用被动语态：（1）当不知道动作执行者是谁或没有必要提到动作执行者时，如：Paper was first made in China. （2）当强调或突出动作承受者的作用时，如：The new machine was invented by a 20-year-old young worker.

4、由主动语态转换为被动语态的几种句型：（1）将一个句子由主动语态转换为被动语态时，可按下列步骤进行：①先将主动结构的宾语改为被动结构的主语；②再将主动语态动词改为被动语态动词；③最后在被动语态之后加介词by，并将主动结构的主语放在by之后（经常被省略），构成介词短语；④由主动语态动词改为被动语态动词时，要注意被动语态动词中助动词be的各种形式变化，因为被动语态动词的不同人称和数是由助动词be不同的形式来表示的，如：Trees are planted every spring.（2）如果主动语态动词后又有直接宾语，又有间接宾语，一般是将间接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将直接宾语保留在原处。如将直接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将间接宾语保留在原处时，一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或 for，如：Grandma told me an interesting story last night.→Iwas told an interesting story last night./ An interesting story was told to me last night. （3）主动语态中的宾语加带有宾语补足语时，改为被动语态时，就将宾语改为主语，将宾补保留在原处，而成为被动语态句中主语的补足语了。宾补可以有下列几种情况：①宾补为动词不定式，如：They asked her to sing a song. →She was asked to sing a song. 在动词make, see, hear, watch, notice等之后，不定式的to在主动语态里可要省略，而被动语态里不能省，如：Tom was seen to come out of the lab.②宾补为分词，如：They heard them singing at the time.→They were heard singing at that time.③宾补为形容词、副词、名词或介词短语，如：She kept me busy all the morning. →I was kept busy all the morning.（4）如果主动语态中的谓语动词为短语动词，改为被动语态时，要注意不要遗漏短语中的介词或副词，以保持短语动词的完整性，如：She always takes good care of the children. →The children are always taken good care of. （5）含有情态动词的动词改为被动语态时是将情态动词后面的动词原形改为被动语态，因其前有情态动词，所以构成被动语态的助动词be就要使用原形，如：They must finish the work before Friday. →The work must be finished before Friday.（6）be going to, be to, used to, have to和had better等结构，其作用相当于情态动词或助动词，在改为被动语态时，只需将后面的动词原形改为被动语态即可，如：The are not going to put off the football match. →The football match is not going to be put off.

练习二、动词时态与语态（2）

53. An exhibition of paintings ____ at the museum next week.

A. are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D. will hold

54. I'm sorry, sir. Your recorder isn't ready yet. It _____ in the factory.

A. is being repaired B. is repaired C. has been repaired D. hasn't repaired

55. Every possible means , but none prove successful.

A. has tried B. has been tried C. is being tried D. tried

56. _______ that they can pass the written exam this time.

A. That is hoped B. It is hoped C. That hopes D. It hopes

57. My little sister has broken my watch. ---- My watch _____ by my little sister.

A. is broken B. has broken C. have been broken D. has been broken

58. He was cleaning his room when I entered the house.

---- His room _____ by him when I entered the room.

A. was being cleaned B. was cleaned C. was being cleaning D. has been cleaned

59. I shall have Finished reading the novel by dinner time.

---- This novel _____ reading (by me) by dinner time.

A. will have finished . B. will has been finished

C. will have being finished D. will have been finished

60. You ought to keep these three rooms clean. ----These three rooms ______ (by you).

A. are oughted to keep clean B. ought to kept clean

C. ought to be kept clean D. ought to have been kept clean

61. You are about to write a poem, aren't you? ---- A poem _____ (by you), _____ ?

A. is about to be written, aren't you B. is about to be writing, isn’t it

C. is about to be writing, aren't you D. is about to be written, isn’t it

62. She had better leave a note to him. ---- A note _____ to him (by her).

A. had better left B. had be better left C. had better be left D. had better been left

63. He doesn't do his homework every day. ---- His homework ______ by him every day.

A. doesn't be done B. aren't done C. don't be done D. isn’t done

64. We must take care of our parents when they are old. ---- Our parents ______ when they are old.

A. must be taken care B. must be took cars C. must take care of D. must be taken care of

65. People look down upon him because he is a liar. ---- He _____ because he is a liar.

A. is looked down B. is looked down upon C. looks down upon D. looks down

66. Father will give me a dictionary on my birthday.

---- A dictionary ______ me by Father on my birthday.

A. shall be given to B. will give C. shall give to D. will be giving to

67. We elected her leader. ---- She by us.

A. is elected leader B. was leader elected C. was elected leader D. leader was elected

68. ---- People who live along this road receive their mail in these boxes.

---- Why are all of the______?

A. grey painted mailboxes B. mailboxes grey painted

C. mailboxes painted grey D. painted grey mailboxes

69. I saw him enter the room. ---- He ______ the room.

A. is seen enter B. is seen to enter C. was seen to enter D. was seen enter

70. The question asked by him is hard _____ .

A. to answer B. to be answered C. to be answering D. for answer

71. How sweet the music ______!

A. sounds to be B. is sounded C. is sounded to be D. sounds

72. In warm weather fruit and meat ______ long.

A. don't keep B. cannot be kept C. are not kept D. are not keeping

73. He received a telegram ___ ”Mother Sick.\"

A. written B. said C. reading D. writing

74. The classroom ______ 30 feet long.

A. measures B. is measured C. has D. has length

75. Do you remember ______ ?

A. how it is done B. it how to be done C. How is it done by D. how to do

76. to have been rich.

A. They say B. It is said C. He is said D. That was said

77. Mathematics is difficult ______.

A. to learn B. for learning C. to be learned D. of learning

78. My hair is so long that I must go to a barber's shop and______.

A. have to cut it B. have it cut C. get it to be cut D. to cut it

79. The pencil ______ well.

A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing

80. ---- I can't see the blackboard very well. ---- Perhaps you need ______.

A. to examine your eyes B. to have your eyes examined

C. to have examined your eyes D. to be examined your eyes

81. ---- Where is the coffee table? ---- Tom just had it ____ away.

A. move B. moving C. moved D. moves

82. Good medicine ______ to the mouth.

A. tastes bitter B. tastes bitterly C. is tasted bitter D. is tasted bitterly

83. Which girl won the prize? _____

A. By which girl is the prize won? B. Which girl was the prize won?

C. By which girl did she win the prize? D. By which girl was the prize won?

84. --- Where did you get that handsome picture? ---- It was _____ by my father.

A. given for us B. a gift to us C. given to us D. a gift for us

85. A young hen is ______ a chicken.

A. named B. known C. spelled D. called

86. ---- How does Alma like her new work? ---- She ______ with the hour.

A. can't satisfy B. isn't satisfied C. doesn't satisfy D. hasn't satisfied

87. ---- Why do you call your son Mouse? ---- He wants ______ by the name.

A. to call B. to be called C. to be calling D. being called

88. His idea, though good, needs ______ out.

A. being tried B. to try C. tried D. to be tried

89. The man living in the next door is known _____the police.

A. with B. to C. by D. of

90. Cotton is first made ______ thread and then it was woven ______ cloth.

A. up of, up of B. into, into C. of, of D. from, from

91. ______ here last night.

A. Something strange was happened B. Strange something was happened

C. Something strange happened D. Strange something happened

92. ---- I'd like to buy that coat. ---- I'm sorry, _____.

A. it was sold B. it's selling C. it's been sold D. it had been sold

93. Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but_____.

A. man did not put it to use in war two hundred years liter

B. until two centuries more it was used in war

C. not used in war until two hundred years later

D. in war did not use it two hundred years afterwards

94. The five-year-old girl by her parents.

A. is looked B. has looked for C. is being looked for D. has been looked

参考答案

语法复习八：动词时态和语态

练习一、1~5 CCBCB 6~10 ABCAB 11~15 CBADA 16~20 BBDCD 21~25 DBBCA

26~30 DBABD 31~35 BAAAD 36~40 CAAAB 41~45 ACCAC 46~50 ADBBB

51~52 BC

练习二、53~55 BAB 56~60 BDADC 61~65 DCDDB 66~70 ACCCA 71~75 DACAA

76~80 CABAB 81~85 CADCD 86~90 BBDBB 91~94 CCCC

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