【导语】“kilikulu”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了6篇英语语法详解 动词不定式一，下面是小编为大家整理后的英语语法详解 动词不定式一，欢迎阅读与收藏。
- 目录
篇1：英语语法详解 动词不定式一
英语语法详解 动词不定式（一）
内 容 提 要动词不定式是一种非限定性动词，由to＋动词原形构成，但它还是属于动词，所以它本身可以带宾语和状语。动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语，还可用在复合结构中，而且有完成式、进行式、完成进行式和否定形式。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。动词不定式的特殊情况也要掌握。
第一节 动词不定式的构成与形式
一、动词不定式的概念：动词不定式指由to 加上动词原形(而且只能是动词原形)所构成的一种非限定性动词，但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语1) 、宾语2)、表语3)、定语4) 和状语5)
1) education is the principal way of gaining status in a culture that generally stresses achievement，skillfulness，and upward mobility.
［A］ To acquire［B］ Acquire［C］ Acquires［D］ Have acquired
2) We are planning for the entrance examination for postgraduate.
［A］ registering［B］ register［C］ to register ［D］ registered
3) The most urgent problem now we are facing is to learn the needed materials for the matriculation of postgraduate.
［A］ make our every effort［B］ to make our every effort
［C］ to our every effort［D］ made our efforts
4) -Where should I send my application?
-The Personnel Office is the place it to.
［A］ sends［B］ be sended［C］ to be sended ［D］ to send
5) from others, one should take his promise.
［A］ To get confidence ［B］ To getting confidence
［C］ To get confidences［D］ Getting to the confidence
说明：以上五句中的斜体是其动词不定式的附属部分。
二、动词不定式的构成与形式： 动词不定式可以作以上各种成分，但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性
动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语［2］和4］中的斜体部分］和状语［5］中的斜体部分］。虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的'意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为 逻辑主语 。考研题中，语法中所考动词不定式部分包括检测考生是否掌握动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间的一致，其中主要包括它们之间 主动和被动 的关系以及 它们在时间上的一致 ，同时动词不定式还有其否定形式。所有这些涉及到动词不定式的各种形式。现以动词make为例，其形式如下：
主动形式 被动形式
一般式 (not) to make (not) to be made
完成式 (not) to have made (not) to have been made
进行式 (not) to be making
完成进行式 (not) to have been making
6) Some ［A］ types of naphtha(石油脑) are employed to dissolving ［B］ rubber ［C］ and to thin paints and ［D］ varnish.
7) The Statue of Liberty was originally ［A］ proposed ［B］ in 1865 to commemoration ［C］ the alliance ［D］ of France with the American colonies during the American Revolution.
8) The purpose ［A］ of inductive logic ［B］ is to inferring ［C］ general laws from particular occurrences ［D］ .
三、例题解析
1) A为正确答案。2) C为正确答案。3) B为正确答案。4) D为正确答案。5) A为正确答案。
6) B错。改用动词原形“dissolve”，不定式符号“to”后只能出现动词原形。
7) C错。改为“commemorate”。8) C错。改为“to infer”，注意句子的主语为“purpose”(目的) 。
篇2：英语语法详解 动词不定式五
英语语法详解 动词不定式（五）
八、不定式的被动形式当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，这个不定式要用被动式，包括它的一般式和完成式
36) Here we found little snow, as most of it seemed blown off the mountain.
［A］to have been［B］to be［C］that it was［D］that it had been
37) For twelve years, Spanish censorship did not allow Lorca's name or his works .
［A］ to mention; to be published［B］ to be mentioned; to publish
［C］ being mentioned; being published［D］ to be mentioned; to be published
38) There is，it seems ［A］ ， no ［B］ limit to the satisfaction to be finding ［C］ in the pursuit of knowledge ［D］ .
九、不定式的否定形式：否定形式是在不定式的标志to前边加not
39) that new information to anyone else but the sergeant.
［A］ They asked him not to give［B］ They asked him to don't give
［C］ They asked him no give［D］ They asked him to no give
40) Please remember lights on in the future.
［A］ don't leave ［B］ not to leave ［C］ not leaving ［D］ don't to leave
41) The teacher told ［A］ the students to don't ［B］ discuss ［C］ the take?home exam with each other ［D］ .
十、介词except和but(作“只有……，只能……”讲时)跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)
He seldom goes back home except to ask for money from his parents.
He did nothing there except watch TV for the whole night.(不带to的不定式)
I had no choice but to stay in bed.
Last night I did nothing but prepare my lessons.
42) Lots of empty bottles were found under the old man's bed.He must have done nothing but .
［A］ drink［B］ to drink［C］ drinking［D］ drunk
43) When the streets are full of ［A］ melting ［B］ snow, you cannot help but getting ［C］ your shoes wet ［D］ .
十一、例题解析
1) A错。 改为To derive。
2) A为正确答案。
3) C为正确答案。
4) B错。改为to concentrate。
5) A为正确答案。
6) C为正确答案。“to be known”后通常接不定式，与此类似的尚有“to be said”等。
7) B错。改为to land。因为manage后只能跟带to的不定式作宾语。
8) D为正确答案。
9) C为正确答案。因为know须接带特殊疑问词的`动词不定式。
10) C为正确答案。
11) A错。改为to provide，根据平行原则，A处和“to allow…”是并列的表语，故A处也应用不定式。
12) B错。改为to negociate。
13) A对。不定式短语“to bring…characters”充当宾语“the artist”的定语。“allow sb.to do sth.”是固定搭配，还有类似的其他动词。这句话的意思是：在动画片摄制过程中，影片的灵活性能使艺术家充分施展其想象力。
14) D为正确答案。名词“ability”(能力) 后要接不定式，表示哪一方面的能力。
15) B错。改为“controlling”，此处的“to control”与“trouble”并没有这层关系。
16) A为正确答案。17) C为正确答案。18) C为正确答案。19) D错。改为to do。20) D为正确答案。
21) C为正确答案。22) B为正确答案。23) C为正确答案。24) D为正确答案。25) B错。改为“be detected”。
26) A为正确答案。27) A为正确答案。28) C为正确答案。29) B为正确答案。30) A为正确答案。
31) C错。改为pile up。32) C为正确答案。33) A为正确答案。34) B为正确答案。35) B为正确答案。
36) A为正确答案。37) D为正确答案。
38) C错。本句不定式所表示的动作“发现”(find) 逻辑上的主语为“满足”(satisfaction)， 而“满足”只能被“发现”，故C应改为?ED分词“found”，“to be found”为不定式被动态。
39) A为正确答案。
40) B为正确答案。
41) B错。改为not to。
42) A为正确答案。
43) C错。改为get。如果去掉C前的“but”, 本句应为： When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help getting your shoes wet.
篇3：英语语法详解 动词不定式三
英语语法详解 动词不定式（三）
三、不定式作表语1. 一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也是不定式(表示结果)
To see is to believe/ To work means to earn a living.
2. 另一种情况主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future. / The boss's plan is to start building the skycraper immediately. / What I want to say is to get rid of the plan forever.
11) The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing ［A］ large uninterrupted floor areas ［B］ and to allow ample light ［C］ into the interior ［D］ .
12) The most important ［A］ thing is negociate ［B］ with them about ［C］ the future of ［D］ the plant.
四、不定式作定语
1. 不定式作定语修饰名词或代词，它只能放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。这时被修饰的名词与不定式之间有逻辑上的主谓关系
13) The flexibility of film allows the artist unstrained imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.
［A］ to bring［B］ bringing［C］ is brought［D］ brings
14) Billie Holiday's reputation as a great jazz?blues singer rests on her ability emotional depth to her songs.
［A］ be giving［B］ are given［C］ being given［D］ to give 另外，有些词的不定式定语有主谓关系，如除了上述例句以外，还有些词常跟不定式作定语。这些词主要有decision (to make), (a) need (to eat), opportunity (to speak),reason(to learn a foreing language), time (to sth)等。
2. 动词不定式作定语往往有一层动宾关系，即所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语
15) Alice was having ［A］ trouble to control ［B］ the children because there were ［C］ so many ［D］ of them.
16) There are so many reference books for matriculation of postgraduate and I haven't decided which book .
［A］ to buy［B］ buy［C］to be buying［D］ buying
17) Astronauts can be affected by loneliness for they have to sit in the spacecraft for weeks with very little and no one .
［A］ to do … to talk［B］ doing … to talk to
［C］ to do … to talk to［D］ doing… to talk
3. 因为不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语，所以如果不定式动词是不及物动词，那么就要在动词后加上相应的.介词
He has a lot of trifles to deal with./ I had got no place to live in./That girl has nothing to worry about./the subject to concentrate on. / He has a strict teacher to listen to. / She has four children to look after. / She had a sick mother to live with. / This is the very person to sell your ticket to.
18) Although the lecture had already been on for five minutes, I still was not able to find a chair .
［A］ to sit［B］ for to sit on［C］ to sit on［D］ for sitting
4. 一些表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、打算、能力、意向等意义的名词后面要求接不定式作其定语，如：ability, attempt, effort等
19) During ［A］ the 19th century scientists found ［B］ that when certain parts of the brain were damaged ［C］ men lost the ability doing ［D］ certain things.
20) What is new, however, is the scientific attempt whether other planets beyond our own have given birth to advanced civilizations.
［A］ discover［B］ discovers［C］ discovering［D］ to discover
21) Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort her?
［A］ please ［B］ pleased ［C］ to please ［D］ having pleased
五、不定式作状语
注意作状语的动词不定式要与其逻辑主语在意义上和数上的一致。
1. 表示目的
22) its plans to promote disarmaments，the party has decided to establish a campaign headquarters with Benjamin Seaman as its leader.
［A］Although［B］To carry out［C］Except that［D］ Make
23) pure lead，the lead ore is mined，then smelted，and finally refined.
［A］ Obtaining［B］ Being obtained［C］ To obtain［D］ It is obtained
24) When they met，Leonardo and his enemy were fighting .
［A］killed each other［B］killing each other［C］to be killed each other
［D］to kill each other
2. 表示结果，在这种情况下，不定式的逻辑主语也是全句的主语
He must be cripple not to walk by himself./It seems that the employee didn't sleep at all to be so sleepy in the early morning. / What have I done for you to deserve such an amount of money?
还有固定搭配的不定式表示结果：so…as to; such(…) as to …; enough to…; too…to…; in order to … 等
We have got so plenty of food as to treat our guests./ Is that room big enough to seat all of us?/ He is too young to fit that job.
3. 表示原因
It's very kind of you to say so. / I am pretty pleased to hear the news that you are elected as the president of the club. / I'm sorry to interrupt you. / They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area.
4. 伴随状况
在下列表示能力、愿望、倾向等语义的形容词后边也要接不定式：able(但其同义词“ capable”后面要接“of+动名词”)，anxious, eager, glad, inclined(倾向于)，liable, likely, pleased, ready等。
25) Certain ［A］ minerals are magnetic and are able to detected ［B］ by instruments that measure ［C］ differences in the Earth's magnetic fields ［D］
篇4：英语语法详解 动词不定式二
英语语法详解 动词不定式（二）
第二节 动词不定式的用法一、不定式结构作主语
1. 不定式前置
1) Derive ［A］ mineral resources from ［B］ sedimentary rock ［C］ is a ［D］ major modern industrial activity.
2) in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time is realy a hard nut.
［A］ To make high scores［B］ To make low goal［C］ To the high scores［D］ Make the low goals
2. 上述形式一般情况不多见，作为考试的规范英语，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由代词“it”作形式主语(形式主语“it”不能由“that”或“this”等其他代词代替)，而将不定式放到后面
It is really a hard nut to get high scores in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time.
3) John admitted that it's always difficult .
［A］ for him being on time［B］ being on time for him
［C］ for him to be on time［D］ on time for him
4) It is difficult for me ［A］ to be concentrating ［B］ while someone ［C］ is using ［D］ a vacuum cleaner.
3. 不定式后置的情况不仅限于动词是系动词，也适用于其他动词
It took us a great deal of efforts to finish that task.
It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago.
4. 不定式结构所表示的`动作是谁做的，即不定式的逻辑主语，通常可以在特定的上下文中能看出，也可以通过带“for ＋名词短语”辨出
It is quite important for us to read good books during the period of general review(总复习).
It is not difficult for those who study maths well to pass the exam.
5. 在某些形容词(如careless,clever,considerate, foolish, good, impolite, kind, naughty, nice, silly, stupid等)作表语时，不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语
It is very kind of you to help me./It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing.
间或也可用for ＋ there to be 表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。
It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.
二、不定式作宾语
不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式；另一种是“动词＋疑问词＋带to的不定式”
1. 动词＋带to的不定式结构
只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有：afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, ask, believe, care, claim, decide, decline(拒绝), demand, desire, determine, endeavor, expect, fail, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, mean(想要), offer(表示愿意做…), pretend, promise, refuse, seek(试图), swear, undertake, wish(想要)等。
5) We refuse that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults(银行保管库) of this nation.
［A］ to believe ［B］ to be belived［C］ beliving
［D］ have belived6) The green turtle has been known over 2，000 miles to return to a nesting site.
［A］ in the navigating ［B］ the navigation ［C］ to navigate ［D］ navigation
7) For the ［A］ first time Venusian scientists managed landing ［B］ a satellite on the planet Earth, and it has been sending ［C］ back signals as well as ［D］ photographs ever since.
8) The day is past when Chinese universities and colleges to give high school diplomas to all who sit through four years of instruction, regardless of whether any visible results can be discerned.
［A］ afforded［B］ affording［C］ to afford
［D］ can afford从上例我们可以看出afford一般与can和can't或could和couldn't连用。
2. 动词＋疑问代(副)词＋不定式
这类动词常见的有：advise,decide, discuss, find out, forget, inquire, know, learn, regard, remember, see, settle, teach, tell, think(=consider), understand, wonder等。这些疑问代(副)词有what, when, where, which, how, whether等，但不包括why，如：
He does not know how to go there
when to speak before strangers.
who(m) to visit.
which one to choose.
You can decide whether to go forward or stay here.
when to see a doctor.
I will show you what to do.
where to go.
how to deal with it.
其中，1)和2)中不定式的逻辑主语仍是句子的主语，分别为He和You；而3)中不定式的逻辑主语则不是句子的主语I，而是宾语you。
9) The director of this organization must know .
［A］ to manage money, sell his product and beable to satisfy stockholders
［B］ managing money, selling, and be able to satisfy the stockholders
［C］ how to manage money, sell his product, and satisfy the stockholders
［D］ money management, selling and being able to satisfy the stockholders
10) To tell you the truth, I really don't know how deal with a man like him.
［A］ can I［B］ well［C］ to［D］ much
3. 有时，不定式跟作主语时一样，可由it来代替，而把不定式放到后面去
He makes it a rule to take a walk before breakfast.
I think it interesting to play football while it is snowing hard.
We find it difficult to get everything ready before the time you require.
She cosiders it important to make friends with them.
I don't think it necessary to argue with them on this problem.
4. 有时THERE和TO BE连用表示“有”或“存在(某情况)”等
It is impossible for there to be any more.
Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem?
I expect there to be no argument about this?
有时在个别的介词后可用“疑问词＋不定式结构”作其宾语
He has his own decision of how to do it.
篇5：英语语法详解 动词不定式四
英语语法详解 动词不定式（四）
六、在复合结构中的不定式不定式的复合结构是指有些动词带宾语后再带上不定式，作宾语的补足语。前边已提到过，在这种结构中宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。
1. 有很多这样的动词可以跟宾语及其(或)补足语不定式，如：advise, allow, ask, enable, beg, cause, drive, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hate, get , intend, invite, like, permit, persuade, pretend, remind, say, teach, tell, trust, urge, want, warn等表示“致使”等意义
26) The company manager may enable the men who tend the machines a large panorama(全景) of possibilites.
［A］ to see［B］ see［C］ seeing［D］ seen
27) Did you intend us the new method?
［A］ to use ［B］ using ［C］ our having used ［D］ the using of
28) The teacher encouraged good compositions.
［A］ us write［B］ us writing［C］ us to write［D］ our wrting
2. 在某些成语动词如 arrange for, call on, care for, count on, count upon, depend upon, long for, prepare for, prevail upon, rely on, vote for, wait for等后面，也可以跟宾语加不定式的复合结构
We are waiting for the bus to come./ They voted for Wang Gang to be the monitor. / Don't counton me to do that.
3. 另外，表示感觉的动词 see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe和have, let, make后的宾语可接不带to的不定式(help后不定式可带to也可不带to)
29) I often heard him that his family was well descended.
［A］ said［B］ say［C］ to say［D］ to be said
30) We must have a person them build the house.
［A］ see［B］ to see［C］ will see［D］ shall see
31) You would become irritated ［A］ if you watched ［B］ the correspondence to pile up ［C］ on your desk day by day ［D］ .
4. 表示心理状态的动词像consider, declare, find, prove, think, know , believe, discover, feel(=think), imagine, judge, pretend, suppose, understand等词的宾语补足语不定式一般是to be(或动词的完成时态)
32) “You've been taking a lot of nice photographs.”“Thanks. I'm considering a professional photographer.”
［A］ becoming［B］ about become［C］ to become［D］ over becoming
而且，在consider, declare, find, prove, think等动词后的to be 是可以省去的。如： She considered me a scholar. / They found him gulty.
七、不定式的完成式、进行式和完成进行式：这三类在考研题中出现的频率很高，要特别注意不定式的这三种形式
1. 如果不定式所表示的动作与主要谓语所表示的'动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生或发生在主要谓语之后，那么用不定式的一般形式
He received a warm welcome from the Australians and from his family who had flown there to meet him.
In 1967, he arrived back in England, where a quarter of a million people were waiting to welcome him.
After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as you chose to look at it.
Now suddenly she began to sob, holding herself in as if weeping were a disgrace.
2. 如果不定式所表示的动作(状态)发生在主要谓语动词或特定的某时间之前，那么不定式就要用其完成式
She feels relaxed to have finished writing her thesis before the deadline.
33) The Vikings are believed America.
［A］ to have discovered［B］ in discovering［C］ to discover［D］ to have been discovered
34) The students were to at the auditorium before 1:30 pm, but the lecture was cancelled at the last minute.
［A］ assembled ［B］ have assembled ［C］ assembling ［D］ be assembled
35) He was to the new ambassador, but he fell ill.
［A］ having telephoned［B］ have telephoned［C］ has telephoned［D］ telephoning
3. 不定式进行式表示主要谓语动词所表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在发生
When he came in, I happened to be doing my experiment in the lab.
Why do you stand here? You are supposed to be working in the workshop.
4. 不定式完成进行式表示其动词所代表的动作，在主要谓语动词所代表的动作之前一直在进行
The students from the Department of Sociology are said to have been investigating the possibility of producing the new product.
They are quite happy to have been cooperating harmoniously with us till now.
篇6：英语语法讲义（1）动词不定式
动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。
常见的形式如表所示（以及物动词do为例），不及物动词没有被动语态。
时态\\语态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing /
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing /
一、不定式作宾语，大致上有三种情况。
1、有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为动词+不定式。例如：
afford aim agree arrange ask decide
bother care choose demand desire determine
elect endeavor hope fail help learn
long 渴望 mean manage offer plan pretend
refuse tend undertake expect hate intend
例如：
The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮助我。
2、有些动词除了可以用不定式作宾语，还用不定式作补语，即有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如：
ask choose expect help beg intend
like/love need prefer prepare want wish
例如：
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3、些动词或动词词组可以用动词+疑问词+不定式的结构作宾语。例如：
decide know consider forget learn remember
show, wonder find out tell inquire explain
例如：
Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.
有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
二、不定式作补语
1、有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如：
advise allow cause challenge command compel
drive 驱使 enable encourage forbid force impel
induce instruct invite like/love order permit
make let have want get warn
persuade request send tell train urge
例如；
Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。
注意：有些动词如make，have，get，want等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2、些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be，不定式一般可以省去。例如：
consider find believe think declare（声称） appoint
guess fancy（设想） guess judge imagine know
例如：
We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。
We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。（to be 不能省去）
典型例题
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案：C. 一般没有consider+宾语+be以外不定式的结构，也没有consider+宾语+doing的结构，排除A、B、D。consider用动词be以外的不定式作宾补时，一般要求用不定式的完成式，故选C。
3、有些动词可以跟there +to be的结构。例如：
believe expect intend like love mean
prefer want wish understand
例如：
We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
You wouldn’t want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。
三、不定式作主语
1、不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。
例如：It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
2、但是，用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型。另外，这样的句子，不能用动名词作表语。例如：
（对）To teach is to learn.
（错）It is to learn to teach.
（错）To teach is learning.
（错）Teaching is to learn.
典型例题
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on
答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于“形容词+动词不定式”结构的末尾。
3、It's for sb. to do和 It's of sb. to do句型的区别
这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。
1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2）of sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如：
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
3）用for还是用of 的另一种辨别方法：
用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果通顺用of，不通则用for。例如：
You are nice. （通顺，所以应用of）。
He is hard. （非所表达的意思，不通，因此用for。）
四、不定式作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。
His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。
五、不定式作定语
不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。例如：
I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多事要做。
There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上（他回家时）两手空空。
六、不定式作状语
1、作目的状语
常用结构为to do , only to do（仅仅为了）, in order to do, so as to do, so（such）… as to…（如此…以便…）。例如：
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2、作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。
I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。
He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。
3、作原因状语
I'm glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。
She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。
4、表示理由和条件
He must be a fool to say so.
You will do well to speak more carefully.
七、用作介词的to
to 可以用作介词，也可用作不定式的标示。下面的to 都用作介词，后面要跟动词-ing形式：
admit to object to be accustomed to be used to stick to turn to开始
look forward to be devoted to pay attention to contribute to apologize to devote oneself to
八、省去to 的动词不定式
1、情态动词 （ 除ought 外） 后。
2、使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补时。
注意：被动语态中不能省去to。例如：
I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。
=He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。
=They were made to work the whole night.
3、would rather，had better句型后。
4、Why… / why not…句型后
5、help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to） do sth：
6、but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。
比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。
7、由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：
8、通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。例如：
He is supposed （to be） nice. 他应该是个好人。
典型例题
1） ---- I usually go there by train.
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
答案：D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。
2） Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。
九、动词不定式的否定式
在不定式标志to前加上not。例如：
Tell him not to shut the window。让他别关窗。
She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。
典型例题
1）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never driver C. never driving D. never drive
答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never.
2） The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
答案：A。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有宾语，因此也B，D不对。
十、不定式的特殊句型
1、too…to…
1）too…to 太…以至于…。例如：
He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了，说不出话来。
---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?
---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.
不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢。
2）如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为“不太”。例如：
It's never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。（谚语）
3）当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。例如：
I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 能帮助你我非常高兴。
He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。
2、so as to
1）表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。例如：
Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。
Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。
2）表示结果。例如：
Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾，现在几点了。
3、Why not
“Why not +动词原形”表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：“为什么不……?” “干吗不……?”。例如：
Why not take a holiday? 干吗不去度假?
十一、不定式的时态和语态
1、一般式表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后，例如
He seems to know this. 他似乎知道这事。
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
2、完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如：
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. 很抱歉，给你添了那么多的麻烦。
He seems to have caught a cold. 他好像已经得了感冒。
3、进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。例如：
He seems to be eating something. 他好像正在吃什么东西。
4、完成进行式表示动作从过去开始并延续至说话的时候。例如：
She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 我们知道她研究这问题有好几年了。
5、动形式表示被动关系。如：
The book is said to have been translated into English. 据说这本书已被翻译成英文了。
十二、动名词与不定式
1、动名词与不定式的区别：
动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的
不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的
2、有些动词如continue接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义基本相同。
3、有些动词如forget接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义大相径庭。常见的，下面有专门讨论。
十三、特殊词精讲
1、stop doing/to do
stop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事，stop doing停止做某事。例如：
They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。
I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。
典型例题
She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择“stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事”。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。
2、forget doing/to do
forget to do 忘记要去做某事，forget doing 忘记做过某事。例如：
The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作）
He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）
典型例题
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh，I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
3、remember doing/to do
remember to do 记得去做某事，remember doing 记得做过某事。例如：
Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
4、regret doing/to do
regret to do 对将要做的事遗憾，regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。例如：
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。
I don't regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。
典型例题
---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
---Well, now I regret ___ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
答案：D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth. 对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。
5、cease doing/to do
cease to do长时间，甚至永远停做某事，cease doing短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。例如：
That department has ceased to exist forever. 那个系已不复存在。
The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。
6、try doing/to do
try to do 努力，企图做某事，try doing 试验，试着做某事。例如：
You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。
I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。
7、go on doing/to do
go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，go on doing 继续做原来做的事。例如：
After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。
Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习
8、be afraid of doing/to do
be afraid to do 不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为“怕”，be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的，意为“生怕，恐怕”。例如：
She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.
她生怕被蛇咬着，不敢在草丛中再走一步。
She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
9、be interested in doing/to do
interested to do对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事，interested in doing对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。例如：
I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。（想了解）
I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?
我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? （一种想法）
10、mean to doing/to do
mean to do 打算、想，mean doing 意味着。例如：
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 增加工资意味着增加购买力。
11、begin（start） doing/to do
begin / start to do sth 和begin / start doing sth.
1） 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing。例如：
How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴？
2） begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do。例如：
I was beginning to get angry。我开始生起气来。
3） 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。例如：
I begin to understand the truth。我开始明白真相。
4） 事物作主语时。例如：
The snow began to melt.雪开始融化了
12、感官动词 + 宾语 + doing/ do
感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel +宾语+ do表示动作的完整性，+宾语+doing 表示动作的进行性。例如：
I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。（强调“我看见了”这个事实）
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调“我见他正干活”这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
典型例题
1）They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。
2）The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
答案A. 本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型。
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英语语法详解 动词不定式一（精选6篇）
