中考英语的语法知识

时间:2024-03-20 03:36:14 作者:南美 综合材料 收藏本文 下载本文

【导语】“南美”通过精心收集,向本站投稿了8篇中考英语的语法知识,以下是小编为大家整理后的中考英语的语法知识,希望能够帮助到大家。

篇1:中考英语语法知识总结人教版

1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg: I like watching monkeys jump

2 (比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来越怎么样

3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)

4 agree with sb 赞成某人

5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样

6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界

7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去

the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树

8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样

9 as you can see 你是知道的

10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book

11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么

12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事

13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen

14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始

15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day

共279个语法,一天背一个。先收藏吧!

16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候

17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自信

eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test

18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时

19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing

20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing

21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg : I'm afraid to go out at night I'm afraid of dog

22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么

eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视

23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me

24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气

25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高

26 be ashamed to

27 be away from 远离

28 be away from 从……离开

29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好

30 be born 出生于

31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……

32 be careful 当心;小心

33 be different from…… 和什么不一样

34 be famous for 以……著名

35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好

36 be from = come from 来自 eg :He is from Beijing. He comes from Beijing. Is he from Beijing? Does he come from Beijing ?

37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water.

38 be glad + to + do /从句

39 be going to + v(原) 将来时

40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……

41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English

42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事

43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处

eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处

Exercising is helpful to your body 锻炼对你的身体有好处

44 be in good health 身体健康

45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble. They are in trouble.

46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣

47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到

48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother

49 be mad at 生某人的气

50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)

51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)

52 be not sure 表不确定

53 be on a visit to 参观

54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎

55 be quiet 安静

56 be short for 表____的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰

57 be sick in bed 生病在床

58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you

59 be sorry to hear that

60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to troubleyou

61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles

62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are no tstrict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格

63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格

64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么

65 be sure 表确定

66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well

67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑(老师)

68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试

69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语

70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕……

71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事

72 be the same as … 和什么一样

73 be used to doing sth习惯做某事

eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉

74 be worth doing 值得做什么

75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句

76 because+句子 because of +短语

eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache

77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么

eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home

78 between…and… 两者之间

79 borrow sth from sb 向……借……lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西

eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen

80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同

81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth

eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station

我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站

the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了

He's bothering me to lend him money 他打扰我借钱给他

82 by the end of 到……为止

83 call sb sth eg : We call him old Wang.

84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future? 你为什么不关心国家的未来?

85 catch up with sb 赶上某人

86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地

87 come in 进

88 come over to 过来

89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea你能想出一个好办法吗?

90 communicate with sb 和某人交流

91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to Luzhou? 为什么不考虑去泸州?

92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞

93 decide to do sth 决定做某事

94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查

95 do better in 在……方面做得更好

96 do wrong 做错

97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事

98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意……

99 each +名(单)每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书

100 end up +doing

101 enjoy +doing喜欢

102escape from 从……逃跑 eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来

103expect to do sth 期待做某事

104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来

105 fall in love with sb/sth 爱上什么

106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home

107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样

108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting.

109 finish 完成+doing(名词)

110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人

111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home. I forget closing door

112 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her

113 get /have sth down 做完,被(别人)做…eg: I have my hair cut我理了发(头发被剪了)

Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了)

114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job

115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好

116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处

117 get ready for = be ready for 为什么而准备 eg : I get ready for math. I am ready for math.

118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻烦

119get sb to do sth

120 get…from… 从某处得到某物

121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall

122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物

123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳

124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事

125 go out away from go out of

126 go to school 上学(用于专业的)go to the school 去学校(不一定是上学)

127 good way to 好方法

128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事

129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会

130 have a talk 听报告谈一谈

131 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talking. You have been sleeping since

132 have been to …( 地方)……去过某过地方have gone to …(地方) 去了某地还没回来

133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴

134 have sth to do 有什么事要做

eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做

135 have to do sth 必须做某事

136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦

137 have…time +doing

138 have…(时间)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假

139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事

140 help a lot 很大用处

141 help sb with sth \\one's sth 帮助某人某事(某方面) help sb(to) do sth 帮助某人做某事

142 hope to do sth 希望做某事

143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)

144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法

145 if : 是否=whether

eg: I don't know if (whether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会

He don't know if (whether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达

146 if :如果,假如(全部接一般时态)+条件语态从句

eg: I'll go to Luzhou if it doesn't rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去泸州

If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划,他们会让我知道的

I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱,我就要去英国

147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为

148 in some ways 在某些方面

149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后

150 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 (north 北 south 南 west 西 east东 )

151 in the sun 在太阳下

152 increase 增加

eg : They've increased the price of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了3%

the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now

153 instead of +(名 ) 代替

eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果,而不要梨子

I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学

154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍

155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事

156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间

eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook

157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样

158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样

159 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样 It's +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样

160 It's +adj(for sb) to do(对某人来说) 做某事怎么样 It's +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样

eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English

161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对…… 来说是个好主意

162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: It's important to me

163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间

eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 该去上课了

164 join = take part in 参加

165 just now 刚才

166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语 让什么保持什么样?

167 keep out 不让 …… 进入

168 keep sb adj 让……保持…… eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康

169 key to +名词 表示:某物的钥匙或某题的答案

170 key to… answer to … key 可以是答题或钥匙

171 laugh at… 取笑…… eg : Don't laugh at others. We laughed at the joke.

172 learn by oneself 自学

173 learn from sb 向某人学习eg: We should learn from Leifeng.

174 learn to do sth 学做某事

175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事

176 Let sb down 让某人失望 eg :We shouldn't let our parents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望

177 live from :离某地远

178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地eg: I live in Luzhou She lives at Xuantan

179 look after = take care of 照顾 照看

180 lose one's way 谁 迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路

181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事

182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友 eg : I want to make friends with you

183 make it early 把时间定的早一点

184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相

185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么 eg : I made you my wife

186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人(某物)怎么样 eg : You must made your bed clean

187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样

188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 eg : I made him write 我以前让他写

189 make up 和 be made up of (被动语态)由……组成

190 make…difference to…

191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什么

192 most +名 most of +代

193 much too +形容词 194 must be 一定 195 need +名词

196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事 197 need to do (实义动词) need do (情态动词)

198 no / neither of hate to do no / neither of hate doing

199 no +名词

200 not anymore = no more 再也不…… eg: He didn't cry anymore He cried no more 他再也不哭

201 not… (形 、副)at all eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't jump far at all

202 not…at all 一点都不

203 not…either 表否定,也不 eg : I don't Japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也没有姐姐

204 not…until 直到……才……

eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar

205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供

206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb 提供什么东西给某人 eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you 我给你提供水

207 on one's way to… 在谁去那的路上

208 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面

209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈

210 on time 准时 in time 及时

211 one day =some day =someday 一天,有一天

212 one of +可数名词的复数形式

213 one to another 一个到另一个

214 over and over again 一遍又一遍的 eg : He cleaned the floor over and over again

215 part-time job 兼职工作 fall-time job 全职工作

216 pay for… 付……钱 pay the bill 开钱,付钱

217 please +do

218 please help yourself

219 pleased with sb

220 pool into

221 practice +doing 练习做某事

222 prefer sth to sth 相对……更喜欢……eg : I prefer physics to chemistry 在物理和化学中,我更喜欢物理

prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做…不愿意去做…eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜欢骑自行车,不开小车

prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做…也不愿

eg: My uncle prefers to buy a new car rather than repair the used one 我叔叔更喜欢买新的车,也不去修旧车

prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意… eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜欢她不来

223 pretend to do sth 装着去做什么 pretend that 从句

eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 这两个骗子装着努力工作

He pretended that he did not know the answer 他装着不知道答案

224 rather…than 宁可……也不……

eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯当医生,也不当老师

He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜欢狗,不喜欢猫

225 regard…as 把……当作……

eg: Please give my best regards to your family 请带我向你的家人我最好的问候

I regard you as my friend 我把你当作我的朋友

He shows little regard for others 他不爱关心别人

226 remind sb about sth 提醒某人什么事 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事

eg : he reminds me about cooking (he reminds me to cook 他提醒我做饭

227 remind sb of sth 使某人想起什么

eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 这照片使我想起了我的学校

228 return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人

229 say to oneself 对自己说

230 say to sb 对某人说

231 sb spend some money on sth 花了多少钱在某事上

232 sb spend some time with sb 花了多少时间陪谁

233 sb spend some time(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事

234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are

235 see sb do 看见某人做过某事 see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事

236 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样 eg : You seem to be tired. You seem to be happy

237 send +sb sth 送给某人某物

238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去?

239 shock 使……震惊 eg : Oh , It's only you! You give me a shock 啊,是你呀!吓我一跳

240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 eg : I show her the book.

241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么东西给某人看 eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me

242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 eg : I show the book to her.

243 some…others… 一些……另一些……

244 start…with… 从……开始begin…with… 从……开始

245 stay away from 远离……

eg : We're told to stay away from the animals when visiting the zoo 当我们参观zoo 时,我们要远离动物

If you want to lose weight you'd better stay away from the sweet food 如果你想减肥,你最好远离甜食

246 stop doing 停下正在做的事

247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事

248 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事

249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事

250 such +名 这样 ,这种

251 suit sb 适合某人

252 surprise sb 使某人惊奇 to one's surprise 令某人惊奇

253 take classes 上课

254 take sb to 把某人带去 eg : I take you to the hospital

255 take walks = take a walk = go for a walk 散步

256 ①talk to 对谁说 eg : I talk to you ② talk with 和谁说 eg : I talk with him

③ talk of 谈到 eg : we talked of you ④ talk about 谈论关于……

257 talk with sb 和某人说话

258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事

259 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事

260 tell sb sth tell sb that 丛句 tell sb not to do sth tell a story

261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事

262 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做什么 tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做什么

263 tell…from…

264 thank you for +doing

265 the same +名词(doing)+as……

266 the same…(名)…as as…(adj adv)…as 相同

267 the way to do sth = the way of doing st做某方面 的方法the way to +地方 去哪的路

e g :Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English

268 the way to…(地点) 到哪的

269 too…to… 太怎样而不能……adj +enough to 足够…能… so…that +丛句

eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school

He is old enough to go to school = He is so old that he can go to school

270 translate ……into…… 把什么翻译成什么 eg : Translate English into Chinese

271 travel with sb和某人去旅游

272 try one's best to do sth尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well

273 try to do sth 想干什么,但没成功 try doing sth 想干什么,已经做过了

eg :He tried to climb 他想爬上去,但没成功 He tried climbing 他想爬上去,已经做过了

274 try…试衣服 have a try 试一下

275 turn down 开小 ←→ turn up 开大

276 turn off 关上 ←→ turn on 打开open 拆开

277 upside down 倒着

278 visit to… 参观某个地方

279 wait for sb 等某人

中考英语题型归纳

一、听力

听力题主要考查整体理解和获取对话核心信息的能力。应试技巧:1.克服紧张心理,放松自己。心态平稳,才能有效发挥。2.试卷下发后,浏览问题题干,快速预测,以便带着问题有目的地去听。3.集中注意力听录音,果断答题。4.要学会放弃。如果有部分信息确实没听清楚,不要纠缠,马上放弃,以免影响后面答题。5.平时听力训练时要养成简写速记的习惯。

二、完形填空

完形填空题考查词汇知识、阅读能力、逻辑推理判断能力。应试技巧:1.快速通读短文,把握大意。特别注重首尾句的理解,抓住各段的主题句,理顺思路,为后面答题做好铺垫。2.在通读全文、理解大意的基础上,根据固定搭配、习惯用法、上下文暗示先选出一部分答案。然后细读全文,联系上下文内容、短语意思、语法法则、固定搭配等,对选项进行逐一比较和筛选,排除错误选项,最终确定正确答案。3.个别无法确定答案的,先跳过,往往能从下文暗示中找到答案。4.通读全文,验证答案。完成答案后,把所选的答案代入原文,通读全文,对所选答案进行核实调整。重要提示:切忌不通读全文,看一空填一空。

三、阅读理解

阅读理解主要考查学生阅读理解、获取信息和处理信息的能力。应试技巧:1.先看问题,再阅读。带着问题快速阅读全文,把握文章大意,明确作者观点和态度,寻求所需要的信息。2.注重主题句,各段的首尾句。3.概括大意,揣摩文章中心,掌握主旨和作者意图,不要过分推敲语言点。4.遇到生词要根据上下文或语境猜词义,不必停顿时间过长。

四、书面表达

书面表达考查学生综合语言运用能力。应试技巧:写作前:1.审题。审题要仔细,理清写作的体裁和格式,明确信息要点及词数限定等。抓住主旨要义,形成书面表达的思路及框架。2.整编。整合信息要点,分清段落层次,编写出提纲。写作中:1.根据体裁和信息要点明确作文所需要的重点句型和短语,尽量使用自己熟知的句型和短语。遇到不会词句,换用另一种意义相近的句式表达。2.遣词造句,用词地道。3.行文连贯。句与句之间,段与段之间连接自然连贯。写作后:1.检查与修改。重点检查:要点是否全面;内容是否完整;格式是否正确;句型、短语是否准确;语法有否错误;拼写有否错误;字数是否符合要求。2.考生在答卷时,写草稿,或写简略提纲,书写清楚规范,做到零涂改,确保卷面整洁。

中考英语考试注意事项

一、听力

1.刚拿到试卷的时候,应该先将听力题目阅读一遍,这样在听听力的时候,也便有了目标性。

2.要仔细阅读,有时间要把选项也看一遍,找出选项间的不同。

3.养成边听边记的习惯,特别是在一些细节的方面,我们可以听的时候,顺手写在试卷的旁边,这样可以迅速的做出判断。

二、单项选择

1.注意题中暗示的有关信息。

2.找准考点。

3.注意审题,排除干扰的选项。

4.多注意平时做题中出现的易错点,考试中也是考试的一个重点。

三、阅读

1.通读全文理解大意。阅读理解应该先将文章通读一遍,这样才能做好每一个题。比如完形填空,有些选项是都可以选择的,可能是要阅读到后面的文章,才能理解前面这个空是怎么选择的。阅读理解就更不用说了,陷阱更多,需要我们仔细的去理解有关内容。

2.精读试填。这要求我们运用所学的语法和词汇知识,根据上下文的联系,对每个题做出准确的判断,考生要注意的就是统筹兼顾,上下统一,这样做出的答案准确性才会高。

3.检查。我们做完之后,可以快速的检查一遍,我们可以带着我们的答案进去检查,遇到讲不通的自然也就是错的。所以这个方法还是很有效果的,希望同学们可以试一下。

篇2:中考英语语法知识点

中考最新英语语法知识点汇总

1.一般现在时的用法

1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。

时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。

The earth moves around the sun.

Shanghai lies in the east of China.

3) 表示格言或警句中。

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例:Columbus proved that the earth is round

4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

I don’t want so much.

Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.

比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup.

I am doing my homework now.

第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。

2. 一般过去时的用法

1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

Where did you go just now?

2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

3)句型:

It is time for sb. to do sth “到……时间了” “该……了”

It is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了” “早该……了”

It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。

It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。

would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示’宁愿某人做某事’

I’d rather you came tomorrow.

4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。

I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。

比较:

一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。

Christine was an invalid all her life.

(含义:她已不在人间。)

Christine has been an invalid all her life.

(含义:她现在还活着)

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.

(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.

( 含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)

注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。

1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。

Did you want anything else?

I wondered if you could help me.

2)情态动词 could, would.

Could you lend me your bike?

3. used to / be used to

used to + do:“过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。

Mother used not to be so forgetful.

Scarf used to take a walk. (过去常常散步)

be used to + doing: 对……已感到习惯,或“习惯于”,to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。

He is used to a vegetarian diet.

Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)

典型例题

---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.

---- It’s 69568442.

A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t

答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看 出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。

4. 一般将来时

1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。

will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在争求意见时常用于第二人称。

Which paragraph shall I read first.

Will you be at home at seven this evening?

2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。

a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。

What are you going to do tomorrow?

b. 计划,安排要发生的事。

The play is going to be produced next month.

c. 有迹象要发生的事

Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.

3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。

He is about to leave for Beijing.

注意:be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

5. be going to / will

用于条件句时, be going to 表将来

will 表意愿

If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it a s soon as possible.

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

6. be to和be going to

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。

be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)

I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)

7. 一般现在时表将来

1)下列动词:come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.

2)倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如:

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.

3)在时间或条件句中。

When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.

I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.

4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。

I hope they have a nice time next week.

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.

11. 用于现在完成时的句型

1)It is the first / second time… that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。

It is the first time that I have visited the city.

It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2)This is the… that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。

This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.

这是我看过的最好的电影。

This is the first time (that) I’ve heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。

典型例题

(1) ---Do you know our town at all?

---No, this is the first time I ___ here.

A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming

答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B.

(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?

---No, it’s the first time I ___ here.

A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come

答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中,从句要用完成时。

注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的'状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

(错)I have received his letter for a month.

(对)I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.

12. 比较since和for

Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。

I have lived here for more than twenty years.

I have lived here since I was born

My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.

Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.

I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.

My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.

I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.

注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

I worked here for more than twenty years.

(我现在已不在这里工作。)

I have worked here for many years.

(现在我仍在这里工作。)

小窍门: 当现在完成时+一段时间,这一结构中,我们用下面的公式转化,很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。

1) (对) Tom has studied Russian for three years.

= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.

2) (错) Harry has got married for six years.

= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.

显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.

13. since的四种用法

1) since +过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。

I have been here since 1989.

2) since +一段时间+ ago

I have been here since five months ago.

3) since +从句

Great changes have taken place since you left.

Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.

4) It is +一段时间+ since从句

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.

被动语态的几种类型

1)主语句中有一个宾语的被动语态,如:

He saw her in the shop yesterday.

She was seen in the shop yesterday.

2) 主语有两个宾语的被动语态

Li Lei gave me a chemistry book.

I was given a chemistry book by Li Lei.

A chemistry book was given to me by Li Lei.

3)主动句中含宾语补足语的句子的被动语态

若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加“to”.此类动词为

感官动词:feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch

The teacher made me go out of the classroom.

-->I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher)。

We saw him play football on the playground.

-->He was seen to play football on the playground.

若宾语补足语是带to的不定式,那么被动语态仍保留to:

Mother told me not to be late

I was told not to be late by mother.

5)情态动词+ be +过去分词,构成被动语态。

Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.

6)表示“据说”或“相信” 的词组

n believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand

It is said that… 据说

It is reported that… 据报道

It is believed that… 大家相信

It is hoped that… 大家希望

It is well known that… 众所周知

It is thought that… 大家认为

It is suggested that… 据建议

It is taken granted that… 被视为当然

It has been decided that… 大家决定

It must be remember that…务必记住的是

It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.

14. 延续动词与瞬间动词

1) 用于完成时的区别

延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。

He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)

I’ve known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)

2) 用于till / until从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句,表示“做……直到……” 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示“到……,才……”

He didn’t come back until ten o’clock.

他到10 点才回来。

He slept until ten o’clock.

他一直睡到10点。

典型例题

1. You don’t need to describe her. I ___ her several times.

A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet

答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。

2.---I’m sorry to keep you waiting.

---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.

A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be

答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现

15. 不定式作宾语

1) 动词+ 不定式

afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake

举例:

The driver failed to see the other car in time.

司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

I happen to know the answer to your question.

我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。

2)动词+不定式 ; 动词+宾语+不定式

ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…

I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。

I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。

I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。

I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。

3) 动词+疑问词+ to

decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell

Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。

There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种。

注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时,谓语动词用单数。

The question is how to put it into practice.

问题是怎样把它付诸实施。

2. 不定式作补语

1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)

advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn

例句:

a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.

父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。

b. We believe him to be guilty.

我们相信他是有罪的。

Find 的特殊用法:

Find 后可用分词做宾补,或先加形式宾语,再加形容词,最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get,have.

I found him lying on the ground.

I found it important to learn.

I found that to learn English is important.

典型例题:

The next morning she found the man ___ in bed,dead.

A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying

答案:A.find的宾语后面,用分词或分词短语,起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动,也表达正在进行,过去分词表达被动。

2) to + be 的不定式结构,作补语的动词。

Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand

We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.

我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。

典型例题

Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.

A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented

答案:A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D 此句只说明发明这一个事实,不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时,发明为点动词一般不用完成时,且此处也不强调对现在的影响,因此不选C.

3) to be +形容词

Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…

The book is believed to be uninteresting.

人们认为这本书没什么意思。

4) there be+不定式

believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand

We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。

注意 : 有些动词需用as 短语做补语,如regard, think believe, take, consider.

We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。

Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。

16. 不定式作主语

1) It’s easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了

easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;

the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough

It’s so nice to hear your voice.

听到你的声音真高兴。

It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

当你不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。

2) It’s very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。

Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)

例句:

It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢,竟然相信了他。

It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。

注意:1) 其他系动词如,look,appear等也可用于此句型

2) 不定式作为句子成分时,动词用单数形式。

3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型

(对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。

(错)It is to believe to see.

4. It’s for sb.和 It’s of sb.

1)for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:

It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

2)of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right.

It’s very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。

for 与of 的辨别方法:

用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for.如:

You are nice. (通顺,所以应用of)。

He is hard. (人是困难的,不通,因此应用for.)

3) 祁使句(Imperative Sentence)

祈使句往往是用来表示说话人的请求、命令、要求、建议,等等。祈使句的主语常被省略,因为这个主语很明确地是听话人“you”.当然,有时为了强调或表示某种感情,句子也会带上主语。

祈使句的谓语用动词原形;它的否定形式是句首用Don't + 动词原形,或是Not to + 动词原形。例如:

Be quiet , please ! (大家)请安静。

Stand up ! 起立!

Don't smoke in the office . 请不要在办公室吸烟。

Don't be standing in the rain . 别站在雨里。

Not to be careless when you're driving a car . 开车时不要粗心大意。

4) 感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)

感叹句表示说话人的喜悦、气愤、惊讶等强烈的情绪。这类句子中,有很多是由What或How引起的。What 用来强调名词,How则强调形容词、副词或动词。这类句子的构成只需将所强调或是说,所感叹的对象放到句首;句子无需倒装,句子要用正常语序。 当然,如果不用这种句型,而句子(无论是那种句子)本身又表示了上述的种种情绪,那么该句也就成了感叹句。例如:

What a fine day it is today ! 今天天气多好啊!

How fine it is today ! 今天天气多好啊!

What a lovely son you have !你有个多可爱的儿子啊!

How lovely your son is ! 你的儿子多可爱

篇3:英语语法知识

1.英语语法指的是什么

英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后,系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。英语语法的精髓在于掌握语言的使用。英语语法包括词语、时态、语态、语气、句子成分、句型结构等。

1.一般现在时:表示现在的状态、经常的或习惯性的动作、主语具备的性格和能力等。基本结构:主语+be/do+其他。

2.一般过去时:表示过去某个时间内(或某一段时间内)发生的动作或存在的状态,过去经常或反复发生的动作。基本结构:主语+动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词。

3.一般将来时:表示将要发生的动作、打算、计划或准备做某事。基本结构:主语+am/is/are+going to + do sth;主语+will/shall+do sth

4.一般过去将来时:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。基本结构:主语+was/were+going to+do+其它;主语+would/should+do+其它。

5.现在进行时:表示现在(说话时)或当前阶段正在进行或发生的动作。基本结构:主语+be+doing+其它。

6.过去进行时:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。基本结构:主语+was/were+doing+其它。

7.将来进行时:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时间开始,并继续下去的动作。常用来表示询问、请求等。基本结构:主语+shall/will+be+现在分词+其它。

8.过去将来进行时:表示就过去某一时间而言,将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作,主要用于宾语从句中,尤其多用于间接引语中。基本结构:should/would+be+现在分词。

9.现在完成时:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。基本结构:主语+have/has+p.p(过去分词)+其它。

10.过去完成时:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。基本结构:主语+had+p.p(过去分词)+其它。

2.英语语法基础知识汇总

1.as...as...引导的比较级:

(1)“as +形容词或副词原级+as+被比较对象”结构。例句:He studies as hard as you. 他像你一样学习努力。

(2)在否定句或疑问句中可用not so…as…. 例句:He can notrun so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。

2.only引导的倒装句型:only +状语(或状语从句)位于句首时,句子部分倒装。

例句: Only by diligence and honesty can one succeed inlife. 只有勤奋、正直,一个人在生活中才能成功。

注意:但 only修饰主语时,不倒装。例句:Onlythat girl knew how to work out the problem. 只有那位女生知道怎样解那道题。

3.wish引导的虚拟语气:wish 后面的从句,当表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望时,其宾语从句的动词形式为:

(1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式表示,be 的过去式用were.

I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道。)

(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词用had +过去分词。

I wish (that) I hadn’t wastedso much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。( 实际上已经浪费掉了。)

(3)表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为“would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形”。在这种情况下,主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现,取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动作名词除外) 。

I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止。

注意:若wish 后的宾语从句中用would,可以表示请求,通常意味着说话人的不快或不满。

例句:I wish you would be quiet. 我希望你安静一些。

4.it形式宾语:和it 作形式主语一样, 我们常用it 来作形式宾语, 把真正的宾语从句放在句末, 这种情况尤其出现在带复合宾语的句子中。

例句:He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他表明他不会屈服。

5.The+比较级,the+比较级表示“越......越......”。

例句:The more scared we are, the stronger the difficultywill become.我们越害怕困难,困难就会变得越强大。

6.宾语从句:一般疑问句做宾语,引入if或whether

例句: I want to know if he will join us in thediscussion?

7. 原因状语从句:since引导的

例句: Don’t eat too much sugarsince it is bad for your health.

8. 否定词前置倒装:scarcely...when...

例句: Scarcely had he arrived at home when it began torain.

9.If虚拟条件句

3.英语语法解析

1.连词that, if, whether,连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose以及连接副词how, when, why, where可用来引导名词从句,充当主语、表语、宾语等。非正式文体中的宾语从句常省略that:

I think (that) he’ll be back in an hour. 我认为他一小时后就会回来。

Who they are doesn’t matter much. 他们是谁没什么大关系。

Can you tell me where he is? 你能告诉我他在哪儿吗?

He asked me if/whether I knew John. 他问我是否认识约翰。

此外,that, which, who, whom, whose, when, why, where等还可以引导定语从句。

2.连词when, while, before, after, till/until, since, as soon as等引导时间状语从句:

She said hello to me when she saw me. 她看到我的时候,和我打了招呼。

I’ll wait here until you come back. 我将在这里等你回来。

3.连词if, unless引导条件状语从句;because, as, since引导原因状语从句:

I’ll help her if she asks me to. 如果她要求我,我就帮助她。

I won’t help her unless she asks me to. 除非她要求我,否则我不会帮她。

He didn’t come because he was ill. 因为他病了,所以没来。

As he hasn’t appeared yet, we shall start without him. 既然他还没有出现,我们就先开始吧。

Since everybody is here, let’s begin. 既然大家都到了,咱们就开始吧。

4.连词in order than, so that引导目的状语从句;so … that …引导结果状语从句:

I locked the door in order that we might continue our discussions undisturbed. (=I locked the door in order to continue our discussions undisturbed.) 我把门锁上了,以便我们可以继续讨论而不受打扰。

The car ran so fast that I couldn’t see who was in it. 汽车跑得那么快,我没看清谁坐在里面。

5.连词than, as…as…, not as/so…as…用来引导比较状语从句:

He is better educated than his brother. 他比他兄弟受的教育好。

He is as well educated as his brother. 他和他兄弟受的教育一样好。

He is not as/so well educated as his brother. 他没有他兄弟受的教育好。

6.连词although, though 引导让步状语从句;where, wherever 引导地点状语从句:

I’ll go wherever you go. 不管你去哪儿,我就去那儿。

Stay where you are! 原地别动!

Though/Although she is rich, she’s not happy. 尽管她富有,但她并不幸福。

一般来说,连词性质的连接词连接两个分句或引导一个从句,两个分句或主从复合句之间用逗号连接。

二、副词性连接词

副词性质的连接词不能象连词一样分句或主从复合句之间用逗号连接。也就是说它们不能连接两个分句或引导从句。它们引导的句子与前面的句子之间要用分号或句号,而它们与引导的句子之间往往用逗号。副词性质的连接词在写作中常常使用,主要分为以下几类:

1.表示顺序的,如first, in the first place, then, finally, in the end等等。尤其要注意then. 如:

误:He graduated from college in 2003, then he found a job.

正:He graduated from college in 2003, and then he found a job.

He graduated from college in 2003. Then he found a job.

2.表示递进关系的,如in addition, what is more, furthermore, moreover等。注意in addition 与in addition to 的区别:in addition 是副词性质;而in addition to 是介词性质,后面必须接宾语。

3.表示转折关系的,如however, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, in contrast, 等等。要注意不要把however 当成连词。

篇4:英语语法知识

英语语法:非谓语动词的时态和语态

1. 非谓语动词的时态

不定式或现在分词的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,用完成式(过去分词没有完成式),否则,就用一般式。若与谓语动作同时发生,并强调正在进行的情景或持续性,可用不定式的进行式(现在分词和过去分词均没有进行式)。如:

Having failed twice, he didn’t want to try again. 他已经失败了两次,不想再试了。

He came in, followed by his secretary. 他走了进来,后面跟着他的秘书。

He seems to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。

He seems to be saying something. 他似乎在说什么。

2. 非谓语动词的语态

不定式或-ing 形式与其逻辑主语若是主动关系,用主动式;若是被动关系,用被动式。如:

Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?

Did it need to be done so soon? 这事需要这么快就做吗?

注:(1) 过去分词没有被动式。(2) 有些非谓语动词要主动式表示被动意义。

英语语法:非谓语动词语法

一、非谓语动词的概念

动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。

非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词:done

二、三种形式的含义(基本用法)

不定式:表示目的和将来;动词的ing:表示主动和进行;过去分词:表示被动和完成。

三、非谓语动词的时态和语态

一般式完成式进行式

一般式完成式进行式

不定式主动to doto have doneto be doing

被动to be doneto have been done

ing 形式主动doinghaving done

被动being donehaving been done

过去分词被动done

四、非谓语动词的否定形式

在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing

五、非谓语动词的复合结构

不定式的复合结构:for / of sb. to do sth.

动词 ing 形式的复合结构:宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时,用的所有格+doing)

六、非谓语动词的做题步骤

1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了

2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。

3、判断主被动关系。方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。

4、判断时间关系。方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.

学习非谓语形式时,建议把三种形式一起来比较学习,会更加有效一些。

一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较

1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语

a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。 动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如:

________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.

A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk

(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为,用动名词作主语,选 B

b. 不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,即用句型:It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.

It’s important for us to learn English well.

It’s kind of you to help us.

注意:下面几个句型是用动名词:

It’s no good / use doing sth.

It’s useless doing sth.

There is no need to do sth.

2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较

1、不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容。如:

My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的内容)

Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do. (主表语要用同一种形式)

2、分词作表语

记住:一些表示情感、情绪的动词,常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征,用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词:surprise (使某人吃惊), surprising (令人吃惊), surprised (主语)感到吃惊)类似动词有:excite (激动),astonish (惊奇),shock (震惊),scare (惊恐), disappoint (失望),move (感动),

如:The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news.

3、在seem / appear (似乎,好像), prove / turn out (被证明是), remain (仍然是,尚待)等连系动词后,可用不定式作表语。如:He seemed (to be ) very happy.

英语语法:非谓语动词的否定式

一、基本方法

非谓语动词的否定式通常是就在非谓语动词之前加 not 或 never。如:

Try not to make a noise. 尽量别弄出声来。

He told the children not to play in the street. 他叫孩子们不要在街上玩耍。

He apologized for his not being able to arrive on time. 他因没能按时到来而道歉。

I told him not to make a mess in the kitchen. 我叫他不要把厨房弄得乱七八槽。

Not having finished his work, he could not leave the office. 由于工作没干完他不能离开办公室。

Not having met him, I cannot tell you what he is like. 我没有见过他,所以说不出他的模样。

Not having received his letter, she decided to write to him again. 她没收到他的们,就决定再给他写一封。

二、注意之点

当前面有逻辑主语时,要放在逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间。如:

I’m surprised at your not having noticed. 我对你没有注意到感到惊奇。

Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 詹尼未被培养成一名舞蹈演员,是她的一件憾事。

看过英语语法的人还看了:

1.英语语法大全之16种时态讲解

2.英语语法句子结构大全

3.语法英语

4.最基本的英语语法

5.英语语法大全上下

篇5:英语语法知识

英语语法:动词 insist 的用法

1. 表示“坚持”“主张”等,可及物或不及物。用作及物动词时,其后通常只接 that 从句作宾语,而不能接名词或代词作宾语,也不能接不定式或动名词作宾语。如:

误:He insisted his demand.

误:She insisted paying [to pay] for herself.

但是若其后接有介词 on 或 upon, 则可后接名词、代词、动名词。如:

He insisted on his demand. 他坚持他的要求。

She insisted on paying for herself. 她坚持要付她自己的那一份钱。

2. 其后可接 that-从句,但要根据意思的不同而分清两种情况:

(1) 表示“坚持要”“一定要”,从句所指的一般是尚未实现的事实,此时谓语通常用虚拟语气(即should+动词原形),而且引导词that 一般不省略(尤其是当已经省略 should 时)。如:

The detective insisted that he should have a look. 警探坚持要查看。

I insisted that he (should) go with us. 我坚持要他和我们一块儿去。

(2) 表示“坚持说”“坚持认为”,从句所指的通常是已经发生的事或已存在的状态,谓语一般用陈述语气,引导词 that 可省略。如:

He still insisted he wasn't there at the time. 他仍然坚持说他当时不在那儿。

John insisted that he heard somebody in the house. 约翰坚持说他听到房子里有人。

比较下面的句子:

He insists that she is careful. 他力言她是小心的。

He insists that she should be careful. 他坚持要她小心。

He insisted that he was not ill, but the doctor insisted that he should take the medicine. 他坚持说他没有病,但医生却坚持要他服药。

3. 不要受汉语的影响,在其后接用不定式的复合结构:

他一定要我们收下这些礼物。

误:He insisted us to accept these gifts.

正:He insisted on us [our] accepting these gifts.

正:He insisted that we (should) accept these gifts.

正:He insisted on it that we (should) accept these gifts.

英语语法:find/found的用法和区别

1. found 是动词原型的时候,解释为:创建,后跟名词

如:He founded the school several years ago.

2. found 为过去式,过去分词时,原型为find

find 后通常有两种用法

第一,find sb/sth doing 表示发现某人/物保持某种状态

如:I found him lying on the ground. 我发现他躺在地上。

第二,find sb/sth done 表示发现某人/某物已经/被...

如: I found the book stolen. 我发现书被偷了。

后面加原型以及不定式的用法也有,但不常用。

英语语法:非谓语动词的用法比较

1.不定式、-ing分词及动词的过去分词做表语

一般说来,不定式做表语,相当于名词,说明主语的内容,回答what所提的问题;-ing分词作表语时,有时与不定式一样,相当于名词,说明主语的内容,回答what所提的问题,有时又与过去分词一样,相当于形容词,说明主语的性质、特征而过去分词说明主语的状态或心情,回答how所提出的问题。

(1) 相当于名词。如:

My job is to drive the car. = My job is driving the car. 我的工作就是开这辆小车。

(2) 相当于形容词。如:

The story is interesting. 这个故事很有趣。

The mug is broken. 这口茶缸破了。

2. 不定式、-ing分词及动词的过去分词做宾语补足语

(1) 不定式做宾语补足语,强调动作的全过程;-ing分词做宾语补足语,强调动作正在进行;动词的过去分词做宾语补足语时,及物动词的过去分词表完成和被动,不及物动词的过去分词只表完成。如:

I saw him go into the teachers’office. 我见他进入了老师的办公室了。

I found them walking in the street. 我发现他们在街上溜达。

He spoke slowly to make himself understood better. 他说得很慢来使自己更好地被人理解。

注意:感知觉动词接宾语补足语时,若是持续性动词,一般只能用-ing分词,而不能用不定式形式做宾语的补足语,如:

I saw them play basketball this morning. 从语法角度来看是正确的,但从意义角度来考虑是错误的,因为,若无特殊原因,你不可能把他们打篮球的全过程看完,因此本句应该改为:I saw them playing basketball this morning.

(2) 只能接不定式做宾语补足语的动词:advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, forbid, get, help, order, permit, persuade, require, teach, tell, want, wish, warn, call on, wait for, long for;但当这些动词改为被动语态时,不定式就成了主语的补足语。如:

The school doesn’t allow us to swim in the river. 学校不允许我们下河游泳。

Father encourages me to do what I like. 父亲鼓励我去做我所喜欢的事情。

(3) 一般要接-ing分词做宾语补足语的动词:consider, find, keep, leave, send,suggest。如:

Don’t leave the children making noises there. 不要让孩子们在那儿吵闹。

Add some wood to keep the fire burning. 添一些木材使火继续燃起来。

注意:consider, find等一般不能接不定式作宾语补足语,但可接to be, to have done做宾语补足语。如:

When I got there, I found the work to have been finished. 当我到达那儿时,我发现工作已被做完了。

3. 不定式、-ing分词及动词的过去分词做定语

(1) 不定式和过去分词做定语时,表示中心词跟逻辑主语之间存在着主谓或动宾关系,说明主语的内容;-ing分词做定语时,有两种情况:其一,与不定式作定语时一样,中心词跟逻辑主语之间也存在着主谓或动宾关系,其二,与名词一样,表示中心词的内容、用途、目的。如:

The text to be learnt tomorrow is said to be very difficult. 明天要学的那篇课文据说很难。

The song learnt last week is very interesting. 上周所学的那首歌很有趣。

The sleeping boy is Li Lei’s bother. 正在睡觉的男孩是李蕾的弟弟。

The sleeping bag is broken. 睡袋破了。

The boiled water can be drunk. 开过的水可以被饮用。

(2) 不定式作定语时,表示即将发生的动作;-ing分词作定语时,表示正在发生的动作;动词的过去分词作定语时,表示已经完成的动作。如:

The question to be discussed this afternoon is very important. 今天要讨论的问题很重要。

The question discussed last night is very important. 昨晚所讨论的问题很重要。

The question being discussed now is very important. 现在所讨论的问题很重要。

(3) 使-ing分词作定语时,表示事物的性质或特征;使动词的过去分词作定语时,表示人的心理状态。如:

an exciting event 扣人心弦的事件 an excited speech 激动的话语

an interesting story 有趣的故事 an interested boy 感兴趣的男孩

a surprising gift 意想不到的礼物 a surprised cry 感到吃惊的叫声

a moving deed 一件感人的事迹 a moved group很受感动的人群

a frightening dog 令人害怕的狗 a frightened boy 感到害怕的男孩

an exhausting job令人疲倦的工作 an exhausted expression 疲惫的表情

an embarrassing situation 令人尴尬的处境 an embarrassed behavior 不自在的行为

4. 不定式、-ing分词及动词的过去分词做状语

不定式做状语主要表示目的、原因和结果;-ing分词及动词的过去分词做状语主要表示原因、时间、结果、条件、让步、伴随、方式。

(1) 作原因状语

不定式、-ing分词都做表示原因的状语,但范围不同。不定式只能在表示情感方面的形容词后做原因状语。如:

I’m glad to meet you. 见到你很高兴。

Being late, I was kept here after school. 由于迟到了,放学后我被留在这儿。

(2) 作结果状语

不定式、-ing分词都做表示结果的状语,但不定式只表示出乎意料的结果;而-ing分词表示一种自然的结果。如:

I bought an expensive computer home yesterday, only to find it used. 我昨天买了一台昂贵的电脑回来,结果发现它已被人使用过。

He ran very fast breaking the record of our school. 他跑得很快,结果打破了学校的纪录。

(3) 其他情况

-ing分词及过去分词不能做目的的状语;不定式不能作时间、条件、让步、伴随、方式状语。

看过英语语法的人还看了:

1.英语语法大全之16种时态讲解

2.英语语法句子结构大全

3.语法英语

4.最基本的英语语法

5.英语语法大全上下

篇6:英语语法知识

1.冠词(article) art.:

冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。

冠词可以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而独立存在。表示的主语数量或者特征。

2.介词(preposition)prep.:

介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。

3.连词(conjunction)conj:

连词是一种虚词, 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为4类:并列连词.转折连词.选择连词和因果连词。

4.助词:

助词是附着在词,短语,句子的前面或后面,表示结构关系或某些附加意义的虚词。助词有结构助词,时态助词,语气助词三种。

5.叹词:(interjection)interj.:

叹词是语法学术语。表示感叹、呼唤、应答的词。

篇7:英语语法知识

1.名词(nouns)n.:

名词是词性的一种,也是实词的一种,是指代人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。

2.代词(pronoun)pron.:

代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。

3.数词(numeral)Num.:

表示“多少”和“第几”的词,叫数词。其用法相当于名词或者形容词。数词分为基数词和序数词两种。

4.形容词(adjective)adj.或a.;

很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。主要用来修饰名词的词,表示事物的特征。形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏,与否。

5.副词(adverb)adv.:

是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词、频率副词和说明性副词等。

6.动词(Verb)v.:

动词,就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词,要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。

篇8:英语语法知识

一、主语

主语是句子陈述的对象,说明是谁或什么。表示句子说的是“什么人”、“什么事”、“什么东西”、“什么地方”等等。

名词、代词、数词、动名词、To do不定式、一个句子 都可以做主语。

二、谓语

谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”. 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。

三、宾语

宾语,又称受词,是指一个动作(动词)的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语(间接宾语也称宾语补足语)两大类,其中直接宾语指动作的直接对象,间接宾语说明动作的非直接,但受动作影响的对象。一般而言,及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语,而该宾语通常为直接宾语,有些及物动词要求两个宾语,则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语,另一个为间接宾语。名词、代词、数词、动名词、To do不定式、一个句子 都可以做宾语,而to do不定式用于宾语补足语。

四、定语

定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。 汉语中常用„……的‟表示。定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。在汉语中,中心语与定语二者之间有的需要用结构助词“的”,有的不需要,有的可要可不要。 “的”是定语的标志。

五、状语

英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语(adverbial)。

状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。

副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。

六、补语

英语补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。

七、表语

表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当,它常位于系动词(be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。

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