“fengmei1990”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了8篇高中英语重点语法网络图表 学案设计(人教版英语高考复习)，以下是小编为大家整理后的高中英语重点语法网络图表 学案设计(人教版英语高考复习)，希望能够帮助到大家。
- 目录
篇1：虚拟语气 学案设计(人教版英语高考复习)
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的。
一．在非真实条件句中
虚拟条件句（if从句） 主句
与现在事实
相反 主语 + 主语 + would/could/might/ should + do
与过去事实
相反 主语 + 主语 + would/could/might/should + have done
与将来事实
相反 ①主语 + did
②主语 +were to do
③主语 + should do 主语 + would/could/might/should + do
1 If I were you, I would buy it. 2 If she knew English, she would ask me for help now.
3 If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the train yesterday.
注意：错综时间条件句：从句和主句发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要分别根据它所表示的不同时间作相应的调整。 5 If you had followed my advice (听从)yesterday, you would be better now.
6 If they had studied hard in the past, they would do it easily now.
二 省略if的情况: 虚拟条件句中含were , should, had 时，可省略if,把这几个词置于句首。
1 Were I you, I wouldn’t do that. （be） 2. Had you come earlier, you would have seen him.
3. Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
三 含蓄条件句 :使用with, without, but, or,or else, otherwise， but for(= if it were not for…与现在事实相反；if it had not been for…与过去事实相反)等代条件句。
1 We couldn’t have succeeded without your help.(没有你的帮助)
2 But for the rain（要不是） we would have finished the work.
3 He telephoned to inform me of your birthday. or (=If he hadn’t telephoned to inform me of your birthday)I would have known nothing about it.
但是： If it were not for the fact that she ____sing, I would invite her to the party. C
A. couldn’tB. shouldn’t C. can’tD. mightn’t
四 常用虚拟语气的句型
(一) 在下列句型中，常用“should + 动词原形”且should可以省略：
1 表示要求，建议，命令，提议，意愿等的主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句中。
一坚持insist; 二命令order, command; 三建议suggest, advise,propose; 四要求demand,require,request,ask等后。
注意：当suggest作__________讲，insist作_________讲，后边that从句不用虚拟语气。
2 在It is + 形容词(necessary, natural, strange, etc. ) + that从句中。
在It is/was a pity（a shame, no wonder, etc. ） + that从句中。
1）We all agreed to his suggestion（that）we (should abandon the plan. 放弃那个计划.
2) It is suggested that the meeting should be put off next week.（被推迟）
3) It’s necessary/important/natural that we_______________________每天打扫房间.
但是1) Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. （从未偷过）
2) The look on his face suggested that he was angry.
但是： It is（high/about）time（that）sb.did sth /should do sth
Eg: It is high time we started / should start. 动身出发
(二) 用动词的过去式表示与现在事实（或将来事实）相反，用动词的过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的句型。
1)．wish后that引导的宾语从句中。(表示对将来的设想，用could/would/might+v.)
2)．as if（though）引导的表语从句或方式状语从句中。
3)．would rather后的宾语从句中。
4)．If only引导的感叹句中。
1 I wish I _______________________. 和你一样聪明。
2 I wish he ______________________ tomorrow. 再次尝试
3 He looks as if/though he ____________________. 他是一个艺术家
4 I’d rather you _________________ there yesterday. 不去
5 Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _______________ (follow) your advice.
篇2：倒装句与高考(June, 2006) 学案设计(人教版英语高考复习)
教学目标：1、学习倒装句的形成条件；
2、分析倒装句的句子结构；
3、做好高考选择题，学会写作倒装句。
教学方法：典型高考题示范。
教学步骤：
（一）高考题导入：
1）、_______homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest.（福建）
A. So much B. Too much C. Too little D. So little
2）、Only then ______ how much damage had been caused.（陕西）
A. had she realized B. she realized C. did she realized D. she had realized
(二) 倒装句概述：
1、倒装的目的：由于结构和修辞的需要
2、倒装句分类：部分倒装和全部倒装。
3、语序：谓语的一部分或全部放在主语前面。
（三）倒装句分类及例析：
1、全部倒装：
1）直接引语的部分或全部在句首时用倒装。
“Who can answer the question?” asked the teacher.
2）、there, here 或there 开头的句子
There will be a football match this afternoon.
Here comes the bus
There goes the bell
3)表示方位的副词放句首时用倒装
Out rushed the students.
4)为了句子平衡，或使上下文衔接，把介词短语、副词、形容词等放句首。
On top of the books____ the photo album you are looking for.(上海春季)
A. is B.are C. has D. have
At the foot of the mountain _______ （20四川高考）
A. a village lie B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village
2、部分倒装：
1）“so + be / have -----+ 主语”或“neither / nor + be / have------ + 主语”，表示前面的情况也适用于另一人或事。
He is a teacher, so am I
Of the making of good books there is no end; neither____ any end to their influence on man’s lives.(广东)
there is B. there are C. is there D. are there
2)含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时，多用部分倒装。如：few, little, never, not, not until, nowhere, rarely, seldom, hardly------when, no sooner----than,等。
Never in the wildest dreams ____ these people are living in such poor conditions．（2006安徽高考）
A．I could imagine B．could I imagine
C．I couldn’t imagine D．couldn’t I imagine
Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else____ such a beautiful place.(20辽宁)
A．can you find B. you could find C. you can find D. could you find
3）only 所强调的状语位于句首用倒装。
Only then ______ how much damage had been caused.（2006年陕西高考）
A. had she realized B. she realized C. did she realized D. she had realized
4）not until放句首时：not until +副词/状语从句+助动词 + 主语。
Not until recently _______he was a scientist.
A. I did know C. did I know C. I didn’t know D. didn’t I know
5)not only-----but also---在句首，强调的不是主语,用倒装。
_____ snacks and and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.(2004年上海)
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
6）在虚拟条件句中，省略连词if ,把were, had, should 置于句首。
_______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.（2006年湖北）
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you beD. Might you be
（四）高考题等精选：
1）______ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.（2006年浙江高考）
A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet
2).Only in this way ___ progress in your English.
A. you make B. can you make C. you be able to make D. will able to make
3）So difficult ______ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.（2006年广东）
A. I did find B. did I findC. I have found D. have I found
4）---It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?
---Yes. ________yesterday（2006年福建）
A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it
5). So little____ with each other that the neighbouring countries could not settle their difference.(20上海春季)
A. they agreed B. agreed they C. did they agree D. they did agree
6) The old couple have married for 40 years and never once ___ with each other.(全国)
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled
C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled.
7) ____ so busy, I should go with you.
A. Were I not B. Was I not C. If I am not D. I were not
8).He likes swimming, but he doesn’t enjoy skating.
A. So do I B. It is so with me C. Neither do I. D. It is the same with me.
9).Hardly____ we ___ the lab when the power ___ off.
A. Had; left; was B. did; leave; broke; C. had; left; had been D. did; leave; had been
10). No sooner had he come back home____ the telephone began to ring.(高考)
A．than B. when C.then D.that
(五).Hemowork:Choose the best or right answer.
1).Not only ___ polluted but ___ crowded.
A. was the city; were the streets
B. the city was; were the streets
C. was the city; the streets were
D. the city was; the streets were
2) A)Not only food production is important but also taking care of the
environment (is important).
B)Not only is food production important but
also taking care of the environment (is important).
3)A)Not only there are some famous scientists in the museum, but also
there are some well-known artists.
B)Not only are there some famous scientists in the museum, but also
there are some well-known artists.
篇3：第七章：动词概述 学案设计(人教版英语高考复习)
d. He said it in a loud voice.
11.on / about表示 “关于”时的区别: on一般用于比较大或涉及比较广深的问题, 比较正式; 而about用于表示一般的问题
a. This is a little story about a little hero.
b. He will give us a talk an DNA.
动词的分类
动词按其在句中所充当的句子成分分为谓语动词和非谓语动词
一.谓语动词: 用于谓语中的动词称为谓语动词. 按照其能否独立作谓语, 谓语动词又可分为两类:
1.能独立作谓语的动词称为完全动词, 即实义动词;
2.不能独立作谓语的动词称为不完全动词, 包括: 连系动词, 情态动词, 助动词
连系动词有两种: ①.表示特征状态, 如: be, appear看起来, seem看来,似乎, look看起来, sound听起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, feel 摸起来, remain仍然是; ②.表示变化过程, 如: become变成, get成为, grow变得, turn变成, go变得, prove证明是
情态动词和助动词参看其他章节
二.非谓语动词: 不充当谓语的动词形式称为非谓语动词, 包括: 不定式, 分词(现在分词和过去分词), 动名词三种, 它们在句中可以充当主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语, 状语等, 具体细节参看第十一章.
三.使用实义动词时要注意的问题:
1.实义动词分为及物与不及物, 及物动词要求有宾语, 能用于被动语态; 不及物动词不能有宾语, 不能用于被动语态
2.实义动词还可分为持续动词与瞬间动词, 前者可以与表示段时间的时间状语连用, 而后者不可. 但瞬间动词的否定式表示“该动作没有发生”, 可视为一种可持续的状态, 并可与段时间状语连用
a. They watched the train leave for five minutes. ( watch是持续动词)
b. I received his letter yesterday. ( receive是瞬间动词)
c. How long have you joined the army ?(错误: joined是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用)
d. When did you join the army ? (正确)
e. How long have you been in the army ? (正确)
f. How long may I borrow the book ? (错误: borrow是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用)
g. How long may I keep the book ? (正确)
h. I haven’t received his letter for almost two months. (not receive表示“没有收到”, 这一意思可视为一种持续的状态, 因此可以和段时间two months连用)
四.短语动词的种类: 共有五种不同的短语动词
1. “动词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: depend on, look for
2. “动词+副词”: 有的相当于及物动词, 如: look up(查找), 有的相当于不及物动词, 如: slow down(慢下来). 这类短语动词的宾语是代词时, 只能放在动词和副词之间, 如: call her up; 这类短语动词的宾语是名词时, 既可放在动词和副词之间, 也可放在副词之后, 如: call Tom up或call up Tom
3. “动词+副词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: keep away from
4. “动词+名词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: lose sight of
5. “be +形容词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: be worthy of
动词的形式
一.动词的基本形式有: ①.原形; ②.单数第三人称现在时形式, 即词尾加 – s / - es; ③.过去式; ④.过去分词; ⑤.–ing 形式
二.动词第三人称单数现在时形式的构成规则:
①.一般情况加-s, 如: works, learns, comes
②.动词以-s, -x, -sh, -ch, -o结尾时, 加-es, 如: passes, fixes, washes, teaches, goes
③.动词以辅音字母加y结尾时, 将y变为i, 再加-es, 如: carries, cries, flies, studies
三.动词的过去式和过去分词的构成规则:
1.规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成规则:
①.一般情况下词尾加-ed, 如: worked, wanted, opened, answered, played, obeyed
②.以不发音的-e结尾的词在词尾加-d, 如: hope –hoped, like –liked;
③.以辅音字母+y结尾的, 将y变为i, 再加–ed, 如: study –studied, try –tried;
④.以重读闭音节或-r音节结尾, 末尾只有一个辅音字母(x除外)的, 双写末尾的辅音字母, 再加-ed, 如: stop –stopped, clap -clapped, plan-planned, refer-referred, admit –admitted, permit –permitted
⑤.少数双音节动词, 尽管重音在第一个音节, 仍双写末尾的辅音字母, 然后再加-ed, 如: travel –traveled, program –programmed, 但美式英语不双写辅音字母
2.不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成: (参看不规则动词表)
四.动词的-ing形式的构成规则:
①.一般情况直接加-ing, 如: working, studying, going, seeing, staying
②.以不发音的-e结尾, 去掉-e再加-ing, 如: live –living, move-moving;
③.以重读闭音节或-r音节结尾, 末尾又只有一个辅音字母(x除外), 将末尾辅音字母双写, 再加-ing, 如: planning, starring, beginning, referring;
④.少数几个以-ie结尾的重读开音节动词, 应将-ie变成y, 再加- ing, 如: die –dying, tie –tying, lie –lying
⑤.少数双音节动词, 虽然重音在第一音节, 也双写末尾的辅音字母, 然后再加-ing, 如: travel –traveling, 但在美式英语中一般不双写
⑥.以非重读的元音字母加-l结尾的动词构成-ing时, l要双写, 再加-ing(美国英语不双写), 如: travelling, quarrelling
⑦.注意以下几个词的- ing形式: hoe –hoeing, picnic – picnicking, panic –panicking, dye –dyeing
篇4：第八章：谓语动词 学案设计(人教版英语高考复习)
总述: 谓语动词的变化形式取决于时态和语态: 英语的时态有十六种, 中学英语中有十二种常见的时态; 语态有两种, 即主动语态和被动语态
1.在主动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现在 do / does am / is / are doing have / has done have / has been doing
过去 did was / were doing had done had been doing
将来 shall / will do shall / will be doing shall / will have done X
如果谓语是be动词, 则可用be动词的适当形式( be / am / is / are / was / were / been)代替以上表格中的黑体字部分. 此外, 过去将来时的形式是: should / would do或should / would be
2.在被动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现在 am / is / are done am / is / are being done have / has been done X
过去 was / were done was / were being done had been done X
将来 shall / will be done X shall / will have been done X
另外, 过去将来时的被动语态形式是should / would be done
主动语态
在主动语态中, 高中英语中常见的有十二个时态
一.一般现在时:
1.构成: 通常以动词原形表示. 主语为第三人称单数时, 则用动词的第三人称单数形式来表示
2.用法:
①.表示现状, 性质, 状态, 经常的或习惯性的动作
a. It is fine today.
b. I am a student.
c. I get up at six every day.
d. My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.
②.表示客观事实或普遍真理
a. Japan is to the east of China.
b. The sun rises in the east.
c. A horse is a useful animal.
③.表示将来确定会发生的动作(如己安排好或计划好的动作或按时刻表将来一定会发生的动作), 可以这样使用的动词有: go, come, leave, start, arrive等
a. My train leaves at 6:30.
b. The football match is played the day after tomorrow.
④.在时间和条件状语从句中可用一般现在时动词代替一般将来时动词
a. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.
b. We will go if it is fine tomorrow.
c. I will be away when he arrives.
d. We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.
e. Mother, I won’t go out unless you agree.
f. Don’t try to run before you begin to walk.
⑤.在某些以here / there开头的句子中用一般现在时动词表示现在正在发生的动作
a. Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.
b. There goes the bell.
⑥.在体育比赛过程中, 解说员叙述迅速, 短暂动作时, 可用一般现在时, 表示正在进行的或刚刚发生的动作
a. Ma Lianbao passes the ball to Mu Tiezhu, Mu shoots – a fine shot !
⑦.在剧本或图片的说明文字中, 用一般现在时表示动作
a. When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly.
二.现在进行时:
1.构成: am / is / are doing
2.用法:
①.表示说话时正在进行着的动作, 或现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作
a. I am writing a letter.
b. My mother is making a dress these few days.
②.表示即将发生的动作(如在最近按计划或安排好要进行的动作), 常见的有这种用法的动词有: come /go / leave / start / arrive等, 常与表示将来时间的状语连用
a. They are going to Shanghai on Friday.
b. John is coming here next week.
③.现在进行时动词与always, continually, constantly等连用, 表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作
a. The little boy is always asking questions.
b. You are always saying that sort of thing.
④.在一定的上下文中, 前一句用一般现在时动词表述现在发生的事实, 后一句用现在进行时动词来阐述这一事实的原因, 结果, 目的等
a. He frowns. He is worrying about his boy.他皱着眉头, 因为他在为他的孩子担心. (is worrying表示原因)
b. She criticizes him. She is trying to correct his wrong habits. 她批评他, 想纠正他的坏习惯. (is trying表示目的)
c. She lets her child have his own way. She is spoiling him. 她不管她的孩子, 把他惯坏了. ( is spoiling表示结果)
⑤.不表示持续的行为, 而表示知觉, 感觉, 看法, 认识, 感情, 愿望或某种状态的动词通常不用现在进行时, 如: see, hear, smell, taste, recognize, notice, forget, remember, understand, know, believe, suppose, mean, think, love, hate, care, like, dislike, worry, forgive, want, wish, hope, refuse, feel like, belong to , possess, own, have, be, seem等
三.现在完成时:
1.构成: have / has done
2.用法:
①.表示动作在说话之前己经完成, 而后果或影响至今仍存在
a. He has gone to Shanghai. ( =He went to Shanghai and he is not here now. )
b. I have opened the window. ( =I opened the window and the window is now open.)
c. The concert has started. ( =The concert started and is now going on. )
d. I have had breakfast. (=I had breakfast and I am not hungry now. )
②.表示开始于过去, 持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态, 用于延续性动词, 且句中常带有表示段时间的时间状语
a. I have studied English since 1987.
b. He has lived here for two years.
c. He has been ill for ten days.
3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:
①.现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去, 但前者将过去的动作与现在的结果或对现在的影响联系起来, 而后者只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在无关
②.现在完成时不能与表明确时间的状语如: yesterday, last year, two days ago, when I came in等连用, 但可与表示不明确时间的状语如: already, yet, sometimes, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever等连用, 也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语如: this morning, today, this week, this year等连用
a. She has already come.
b. I have met him before.
c. Ma Hong has always been a good student.
d. Have you ever been to the Great Wall ?
e. I have seen him this morning.
四.现在完成进行时:
1.构成: have / has been doing
2.特征: 现在完成进行时兼有现在完成时和现在进行时两者的特点
①.它具有现在完成时的特点, 即表示动作发生在过去, 延续到现在或对现在产生影响
②.它具有现在进行时的特点, 即可以表示此动作仍在进行或还会继续
a. Mr. Smith has taught English for twenty years. ( 至今为止教过二十年英语, 至于teach是否结束或是否延续, 不得而知)
b. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for twenty years.( 现在仍在教英语,而且将持续下去)
3.用法:
①.表示现在之前的一段时间里一直进行的动作, 此动可能仍在进行, 也可能刚刚停止
a. I have been reading the book all the morning.
b. He has been staying here for two hours.
c. I have been living in Beijing since 1972.
②.表示现在之前的一段时间里一再重复的动作
a. I have been calling you several times in the past two days.
4.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别: 前者着重表示过去动作对现在的影响或结果; 后者着重表示过去动作的持续进行
a. I have written six letters since I got back.我己经写了六封信 (强调结果)
b. I have been writing letter since I got back. 我回家后一直在写信 (强调“一直在写”)
c. I have read this book.我读过这本书了(强调“读过”这一结果)
d. I have been reading this book.我一直在读这本书 (强调“一直在读”)
五.一般过去时:
1.构成: 用动词的过去式表示
2.用法:
①.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内发生的动作或情况, 其中包括习惯性动作
a. I met him yesterday.
b. I used to go to school early every morning.
c. He entered the classroom, sat down at his desk and began to work.
d. Last night, I listened to the radio for two hours and went to bed at midnight.
②.在时间, 条件状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时
a. Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.
③.用一般过去时的句子一般有过去的时间状语, 有时也用地点状语暗示动作的发生是在过去
a. Have you seen a pen ? I left it here this morning.
六.过去进行时:
1.构成: was / were doing
2.用法:
①.表示过去某一时刻正在进行或一段时间内一直在进行的动作或情况
a. This time yesterday we were having an important meeting.
b. A year ago we were living in Shanghai.
②.过去进行时常与always, continually, frequently等词连用, 表示过去经常发生或反复发生的情况
a. The old man was always losing his way.
b. The two brothers were frequently quarrelling.
③.表示过去将要发生的动作, 这一用法仅限于一些表示位置转移的动词, 如: go, come, start, stay, leave等
④.过去进行时经常与一般过去时配合使用, 过去进行时表示过去的时间背景
a. The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room.
七.过去完成时:
1.构成: had done
2.用法:
①.表示过去某时间或动作以前己经完成的动作或己存在的状态, 即“过去的过去”
a. When all his money had gone, Marx had to leave his house in London.
b. Marx had learned some English before he got to England.
c. He said he had never been to Shanghai.
d. By the middle of last month I had lived in Beijing for five years.
②.在带有after / before引导的时间状语的句子中, 由于after / before本身的词义己经表明了时间的先后, 所以这类句子中常用一般过去时代替过去完成时
a. We left the house before it began to rain.
b. I didn’t wait long before he came.
c. After we finished the tea, we all sat on the grass.
d. After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.
八.过去完成进行时:
1.构成: had been doing
2.用法: 表示一直持续进行到过去某一时刻的动作, 该动作可能刚刚结束, 也可能还在进行
a. I had been waiting for two hours before the manager came down to see me.
b. By the end of 1998 he had been learning English for five years.
九.一般将来时: 一般将来时有以下几种表现形式
1.shall / will do (shall用于第一人称), 此结构表示单纯的将来, 不涉及主语的主观意愿
a. I shall be twenty years old next year.
b. You will meet him at the station this afternoon.
c. The train will arrive soon.
2.be going to do sth, 此结构表示打算最近或将来要做某事, 或说话人根据己有迹象认为非常可能即将发生的事
a. I am going to meet Tom at the station at six.
b. He is going to stay here for a week.
c. Look at these black clouds --- it is going to rain.
d. I am afraid I am going to have a bad cold.
3.be +动词不定式, 此结构表示职责, 义务, 意图, 约定, 可能性等
a. You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
b. There is to be a sports meet next week.
c. We are to meet at the school gate.
4.be about to do sth, 此结构表示“立刻, 马上”要做某事或发生某情况
a. We are about to leave.
b. Autumn harvest is about to start.
十.将来进行时:
1.构成: shall / will be doing
2.用法:
①.表示将来某时间点或时间段内将在进行的动作
a. This time tomorrow we will be talking with the boss about this matter.
b. I will be studying in this university for the next four years.
②.表示说话人感到某事即将发生或预计要发生某事
a. I will be seeing him next month.
b. We will be taking our holiday at the seaside in July.
c. He will be arriving at six tomorrow morning.
十一.将来完成时:
1.构成: shall / will have done
2.用法: 表示在将来的某一时刻之前将要完成的动作, 这一动作也可能继续进行
a. By seven o’clock this afternoon we shall have arrived in Shanghai if the train keeps good line.
b. Before noon we will have completed this work.
十二.过去将来时:
1.构成:
①.should / would do
a. He said he would go to Shanghai for the holiday.
b. He told me that I should succeed.
②.was / were going to do
a. They were going to have a meeting.
b. The students were going to plant some trees around the playground.
③.was / were (about) to do
a. We were to finish the work in three days.
b. I was about to go out when a friend dropped in.
2.用法: 过去将来时表示相对过去某一时刻来说将要发生的动作或呈现的状态, 以上各形式的具体用法与一般将来时各形式的用法相似
被动语态
一.被动语态的构成: 见“总述”部分
特别说明: 将来进行时和各种完成进行时态没有被动语态形式
带有情态动词的被动语态的构成: 情态动词 + be +过去分词
a. The work must be done right now.
b. That prisoner may be sentenced to death.
二.用法: 被动语态主要用于
1.不知道谁是动作的执行者时, 用被动语态
a. His bike has been stolen.
b. This window was broken last night.
2.没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时, 用被动语态
a. China was liberated in 1949.
b. I was told you were late this morning.
3.强调或突出动作的承受者时, 用被动语态
a. The plan has already been made.
b. Yao Ming was elected MVP of the last week.
三.主动句变被动句:
1.主动句中的宾语转换成被动句的主语, 时态不变
a. The manager gave me ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
→I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
2.带有宾语从句的主动句变被动句时, 宾语从句变成主语从句, 通常不位于句首, 句首用形式主语it
a. We can learn from the text that delicious apples are big.
→It can be learned from the text that delicious apples are big.
3.带有双宾语的主动句变被动句时, 将直接宾语或间接宾语变成被动句的主语都可
a. My brother gave me a birthday present.
→I was given a birthday present. / A birthday present was given to me.
4.带有复合宾语 (即宾语+宾补) 的主动句变被动句时, 宾补的形式一般不变, 只是名称变成了主补, 但当宾补是不带to的不定式时, 要变成带to的不定式
a. I saw him play near the river. He was seen to play near the river.
5.含有短语动词的主动句变成被动句时, 不要遗漏短语动词中的介词或副词
a. The children must be taken good care of. / Good care must be taken of the children.
四.应注意的问题:
1.“be+过去分词”不一定是被动语态, 也可能是系表结构
a. The children were excited at the news.
b. We are interested in the English novel.
c. The mother was worried about her son’s absence.
2.有些动词形式上用主动语态时含有被动意思
a. This book sells well.这本书很畅销
b. This kind of cloth washed very well.这种布很耐洗
c. This pen writes quite smoothly.这支笔很好使
d. This dish tastes good.这道菜味道不错
e. This kind of cloth feels smooth and soft.这料子摸起光滑柔软
3.不是所有的及物动词都有被动语态, 某些表示状态或关系的动词或短语动词只有主动语态, 而无相对应的被动语态. 常见的这类动词有: cost花费, fit适合, have有, hold容纳, lack缺乏, own拥有, suit适合, fail失败, belong to属于, agree with同意
篇5：英语情境化语法教学(人教版高考复习)
语法是语言的规则, 语言没有规则, 说写则语不成句, 听读则不解人意。如何进行高效率的语法教学, 使之能更好地为培养学生的语言运用能力服务。情境教学法是语法教学的一种有效尝试。新课标要求教师重视在真实的情景中让学生体会语言的使用, 有意识地把语法学习的目的引导到训练和交际上来, 创设符合生活的、活泼的教学情境, 使语法形象化、实践化, 以提高学生学习的兴趣, 达到语法学习和提高交际能力相辅相成的目的。语言离开了情景和实践, 将成为无源之水, 无本之木。语法就应该让学生在具体的语境中体会, 在“ 实战”中演练。语法在情境中的应用, 不仅是新课标的要求, 也是近几年考试命题的原则。本人在课改实践中探索, 根据语法情境化原则, 结合实例对英语情境化语法教学问题谈己浅见。教师要开辟英语语言环境, 配以大量的感性材料和电化教学手段, 来突破语法重点和难点,把文字、声音、图像等融为一体, 创设学生主动参与语言交际活动的情境, 给学生提供英语对话、表演、朗读的机会和时间, 使学生在语境中学好英语。
1. 创造逼真情景, 在情景中精讲多练的原则
从学生的学习生活和社会实践中挖掘教学情景或素材, 尤其是发生在学生身边的事情, 使教学活动更具有针对性和实效性。将语法还原成实践, 让学生有一种现学现用, 学了就有用的感觉, 从而激发学生的学习积极性和潜力, 让学生有话想说、有话可说和有话能说, 使学生逐步形成习惯, 从而掌握该语法项目。例如:
( 1) 复习名词性物主代词时, 随手捡起学生掉在地上的铅笔, 进行问答, 学生一旦会模仿, 将师生间的对话转向学生间的对话。如:
T: Is this your pencil? S: No, it’s not mine.
Mine is blue./ Yes, it’s mine.
( 2) 在复习情态动词can 和could 时可以拿出自己小孩的或自己本人的一些照片, 示范“At the age of, I ( he) could ( couldn’t) ”“Now I ( he) can”, 再让学生练习说和写。当学生在口头和书面练习中反复应用了在真实情景中的目标语言, 他们就不会轻易忘记。
( 3) 讲一般现在时, 要做的活动便是询问学生们的业余爱好, 并鼓励他们或者相互之间或者通过互联网去了解他人的爱好, 这样的生活化场景, 对一般现在时的强化远远胜过让学生去做上百道选择题。初中的新目标英语教材讲到过去时时, 书内便围绕着一些名人的传奇来列出活动内容。
( 4) 学习非真实条件句时, 在学习if 引导的虚拟语气时, 教师可让学生进行如下的“接龙游戏”:
S1: If I were you, I would buy the computer.
S2: If I bought the computer, I would get more information. S3: If I got more information, I would have a better choice. 通过这样的操练活动, 学生既练习了听力与口头表达能力, 又锻炼了
思维能力与快速反应能力, 还加深了对所学语法现象的理解; 同时, 在紧张的学习气氛中又不乏幽默与调侃, 从而使语法教学既轻松又有效。
2. 在语言训练感性认识的基础上点拨、归纳的原则启发学生在情景中运用语言材料归纳语法规则,进而在情景中探究解疑。当学生对所学句型能够运用自如, 脱口而出时, 立刻引导学生进行概括性归纳小结。例如:
( 1) 在学习“某人花做某事”这一句型时,教师注意到班里一位学生戴了一只漂亮的手表, 为了引入主题, 教师问该学生: How beautiful your watch is! How much is it? 该学生回答: “Oh,Thank you! It is about 80 yuan. ” 接着教师用“他花了80 元买这块手表”作例句造句, 并引导学生归纳并认知语法规则:
He spent 80 yuan on the watch.
He spent 80 yuan ( in) buying the watch.
It cost him 80 yuan to buy the watch.
然后再通过意义性替换操练, 使学生进一步理解句型结构在情景中的意义和用法, 最终目的是以语言规则指导学生在情景中的言语再实践活动, 达到交际功能这一目的。
( 2) 英语的动词时态是学生难以驾驭的复杂概念。如果采用“关门”这个动作作为直观手段, 边做边说, 则会取得突破性的进展。教师一边去关门,一边说:
When class begins, we usually shut the door.
I'm going to shut the door.
I'm shutting the door.
I have shut the door.
Just now I shut the door.
I told you that I had shut the door.
I said I would go to shut the door.
When I was shutting the door, you watched me carefully.
教师表演以后, 把句子写到黑板上让学生讨论、归纳再叫学生反复操练, 融行为和语言于一体。通过情景、直观教学, 培养学生的直觉思维能力, 使他们能触景生情, 整体跳跃, 脱口而出, 把课堂上学到的语法与句型变成自己的语言。
3. 意义操练和语言交际相结合的原则教师创设情景, 学生在情景中运用语言, 在情景中掌握句型结构。句型操练情景化, 可以帮助学生把注意力集中在语言的意义上。例如教学if 引导的条件状语从句和had better( not) do sth 时, 可设计以下教学活动:先出示投影: 医生在给一位胖妇女检查身体,并说: “ If you want to be thinner and healthier, you'd better not eat too much and you’d better take more exercise. ”再出示投影, 套用句型示范: If you want tolearn English well, you'd better If there’s a lot of traffic, you’d better ( not) 然后让学生通过观察、讨论, 归纳出if 引导的条件状语从句的语法规则和had better ( not) do sth. 句型结构。接着通过意义性替换操练, 进一步理解了句型结构在情景中的意义和用法。最后让学生分组自编对话, 根据他们的生活实际练习目标语言。因为这是他们身边的事, 从创设语言环境的角度看, 比起用其他例句更贴近学生的生活实际, 更易掌握。
由以上例子可以看出语法教学情景化的教学程序和步骤是: ① 让学生在一个有意义的情景中理解所教语法项目的意义; ② 引导学生归纳、小结语法知识, 并进行口头和笔头训练; ③ 展开话题, 有意识将语法要点贯穿其中, 使语法知识在能力训练中得以内化, 流畅输出。
根据新课标的要求, 语法教学绝不仅仅局限于让学生发现、归纳出语言形式和规则, 教师还必须向前迈出两步, 那就是认真设计巩固操练和实际运用两个环节的教学活动。任何语言形式只有通过实践才能加深理解, 只有通过实际运用, 特别要通过在实际交际或者仿实际交际活动中去运用才能内化其规则、才能真正掌握。因此创设情景学语法, 让学生在真实或准真实语境中感知所学语法结构, 在有意义的交际情境中进行大量的语言实践, “在用中学, 在学中用”, 既学了语言又活用了语法, 符合用英语来学英语的原则。但学生还须在教师的启
发诱导下归纳出规则, 使感性认识提高到理性认识, 因为认识规则的监控作用不仅能有意识地利用语言规则, 促进理解语言材料的速度, 更重要的是能培养学生举一反三灵活运用规则进行言语交际的能力。
篇6：非谓语动词总结 学案设计(人教版英语高考复习)
第一节 概述
英语中动词有谓语和非谓语之分。谓语动词在人称和数上要与主语保持一致，而非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。非谓语动词主要包括：动词不定式，动词的-ing形式和过去分词三种。
学非谓语动词必须要了解它们的形式和在句子中的功能，请看下面两个表格：
1.非谓语动词的时态和语态形式（以动词do为例）：
动词不定式 动词的_ing形式 过去分词
一般式 主动 to do doing 动词的过去分词只有一种形式即done。及物动词的过去分词常表示被动和完成，而个别动词(多数是不及物动词)只表示完成
被动 to be done being done
完成式 主动 to have done having done
被动 to have been done having been done
进行式 to be doing ×
完成进行式 to have been doing ×
2. 非谓语动词在句子中的功能：
主语 宾语 表语 定语 补语 状语 同位语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ ×
_ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √ √
过去分词 × × √ √ √ √ ×
第二节 非谓语动词的时态和语态
一． 动词不定式的时态：
不定式的一般式通常表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之后或与谓语动词同时发生；不定式的进行式（通常用于动态延续性动词）表示不定式动作与谓语动作同步发生；不定式的完成式通常表示不定式动作先于谓语动词而发生或表示一个实际未发生的动作；不定式的完成进行式往往强调不定式动作在谓语动词之前一直在进行。例如：
1. When I spoke to him, he pretended ___________(look) for something here and there.
2. He looked tired. He seemed ______________(work) all night.
3. Charles Babbage is generally considered ___________(invent) the first computer.
4. I would love _________ (go) to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
5. He ordered the man __________ (go) there at once.
二． 动词不定式的语态：
一般情况下，在一个含有不定式的句子中，如果有不定式的逻辑主语（即不定式动作的执行者）该不定式常用主动形式；如果出现的是不定式的逻辑宾语（即不定式动作的承受者），该不定式常用被动形式。但是，下面几种结构却常用主动表示被动：
(1).在easy, difficult, hard, heavy, light, fit, nice, comfortable等表示性质特征的形容词之后的不定式或用这些词修饰一个名词后跟的不定式常用主动表示被动；
(2).少数动词如blame(责备), let(出租)等的不定式作表语时常用主动表示被动。
6. This sentence is easy ___________ (understand).
7. I can’t go out with you today, as I have a lot of clothes_________ (wash).
8. “Have you any clothes __________ (wash) today?” asked the maid (女佣).
9.Our school is a nice place _________ (visit).
10. I found the chair comfortable _________ (sit) in.
11. I think the question difficult ________ (answer).
12. It’s I who am ________ (blame).
13. The officer ordered the soldiers ________ (fire) the guns.
14. The officer ordered the guns _________ (fire).
三._ing形式的时态:
_ing形式的一般式通常表示该动作与谓语动词同时发生或发生在谓语之后；完成式则表示
动作先于谓语动词而发生。如：
15. ________ (Walk) through the park, I saw some lovely flowers.
16. He was praised for __________ (teach) for 60 years.
17. I heard him __________ (sing) when I passed his room.
18. _________ (Finish) the work, he went home.
19. He insisted on _________ (join) the army.
四._ing形式的语态：
一般情况下，需要找准-ing动词的逻辑主语，若它们之间是主谓关系，-ing动词常用
主动；若它们之间是动宾关系，-ing动词就要用被动。但在动词need, want, require,及形容
词worth之后的-ing必须用主动表示被动。如：
20. He won’t come without __________ (invite).
21. The flowers in the garden need _______ (water).
22. Thank you for _________ (give) us so much help.
23. The building ________ (build) now will be a hospital.
24. ________ (give) such a good chance, how could she let it slip?
25. The book is well worth ________ (read).
第三节 非谓语动词的用法比较
一、作主语
动词不定式和动词的_ing形式都可以在句子中作主语。
（1）、一般来说，不定式作主语时，通常表示一次性的、特指的、具体的或将来的动作；而_ing形式作主语时，通常表示一个经常性的、泛指的、或不具体的动作。如：
26. ________ (refuse) him is not easy this time.
27. _________ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both the young and old.
28. ________ (teach) English is my job.
29. ________ (be) a teacher is her greatest wish in the future.
（2）、当句子的主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，两者在形式上一般保持一致；比较状语从句中的主语形式通常也取决于主句里的主语形式。如：
30. ______ (see) is to believe.==________ (see) is believing.
31. ________ (say) is easier than to do.
32. ________ (speak) a foreign language is more difficult than reading it.
（3）、在日常英语中，为了句子结构的平衡，常用it作形式主语而将不定式或-ing放在句末
这时候要注意下面的习惯句型：
It + be + 形容词或名词+ (for / of sb.) + to do sth.
It + take + sb. +some time / sth. + to do sth.
It + be + no use / no good / useless / a waste of sth. / worth + doing sth.
There + be + no + doing sth. (做某事是不行或不可能的)
33. It was foolish of you _________ (give) up what you rightly owned.
34. There is no ________ (hold) back the wheel of history.
35. I think it’s no good _______ (argue) with your parents.
二、作宾语
动词不定式和动词的_ing形式都可以在句子中作宾语。
（1）、有些及物动词后只能接动词不定式作宾语，不能接-ing形式，常见的有：hope, wish, expect, decide, promise, offer, agree, manage, pretend, plan, refuse, fail 等等。
（2）、有些及物动词后只能接动词的_ing形式作宾语，不能接不定式，常见的有：enjoy, imagine, risk, appreciate, suggest, advise, admit, miss, practise, forbid, avoid, resist, escape, delay, finish, permit, allow, mind, keep, consider, excuse 等等。
（3）、有些动词后既可以接不定式，也可以接-ing形式作宾语，意义相同，常见的有：begin, start, continue, intend, bear, attempt等等。但要注意，begin, start 如遇下面三种情况时接不定式为最佳：
A. 句子的主语是物而不是人时，如：The ice began to melt.
B. 当begin, start 用了进行时态时, 如：He’s beginning to understand it.
C. 当begin, start 后作宾语的动词属于心理活动、精神状态类动词（如realize, understand, love, like, know 等等）时，如：It began to rain and I began to realize I should go home.
（4）、有些动词后既可以接不定式，也可以接-ing形式作宾语，意义有细微差别，常见的动词有：like / love / prefer / hate to do sth.(表示一个特定的、一次性的、将来的动作)
like /love / prefer /hate doing sth. (表示一般的、习惯性的、或正在进行的动作)
36. I like _________ (swim) but I don’t like _______ (swim) today.
37. Would you love ________ (go) to the zoo with us?
38. I felt like _______ (cry) at the news.
（5）、有些动词后既可以接不定式，也可以接-ing形式作宾语，意义完全不同，常见动词有：
39. We must try ________ (finish) the work on time.
Let’s try _______ (work) out the maths problem in another way,
40. I remember ______ (see) her somewhere before.
You must remember _______ (post) the letter for me.
41. He forgot ______ (pay) and asked to be paid again.
Don’t forget _______ (turn) off the light when you leave.
42. I regret _______ (miss) such a good chance.
I regret _______ (say) that I can’t lend you so much money.
43. Doing like that means _________ (cheat).
I didn’t mean ________ (hurt) your feeling that day.
44. I can’t help ________ (do) housework today. I’m busy preparing a report.
I couldn’t help _________ (think) of my childhood while seeing the film.
45. When the teacher came in, the students stopped _______ (talk).
As he was very busy that day, he didn’t stop _______ (talk) with me.
46. Though it was raining, the peasants went on ________ (work) in the fields.
After listening to the text, we went on _______(read).
47. The baby needs ______ (look) after. =The baby needs ________ after.
You don’t need _______ (look) after the baby today.
48. Our school is well worth ________ (visit).
Our school is well worthy ________ (visit).= Our school is well worthy of _________.
（6）、介词后的宾语一般用动词的-ing形式，但要注意：but和except之后通常接不定式；介词之后若有连接词时也要接不定式。如：
49. I have no choice but _______ (wait).
50. He gave me some advice on how _______ (study) it well.
51. He has no idea of what _______ (do) next.
52. I was about ______ (go) out when it began to rain.
注意：A. 下面短语中的to是介词，后面要接动词的-ing形式而不接不定式。
devote---to---, look forward to, pay attention to, prefer---to---, lead to, be close to, refer to, belong to, as to, get down to, owing to, be / get /become used to(习惯于------),等等。
B.有些短语中介词经常省略，这时要注意接动词的-ing形式，如：be busy (in) doing sth., spend money /time (in) doing sth., have difficulty /trouble / problems (in) doing sth., prevent / stop ---(from) doing sth.,等等。
（7）、当不定式和_ing形式作“主语+谓语+宾语+补语”句型中的宾语时，要用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语置于补语之后，常见句型有：
主语+ make / feel /think /find /consider, etc. + it + adj. / n. + (for / of sb.) + to do sth.
主语+ make /feel /think /find /consider, etc. + it + no good /no use /useless + doing sth.
三、作表语
所有的非谓语动词都可以在句子中作表语，其区别在：
（1）、不定式作表语通常表示一次性、特指的、将来的或具体的动作，有时还可以表示计划安排将要发生的事或一种命令要求。
（2）、-ing形式作表语通常表示习惯性、泛指的、不具体的动作或表示主语的性质特征（主要是一些表示感情情绪的词，译为“令人感到……的”）
（3）、过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态，常具有被动含义（主要是一些表示感情情绪的词，译为“感到……的”），这样的动词常见的有：surprise, move, excite, interest, shock, tire, bore, touch, encourage, disappoint, invite, inspire, amuse等等。如：
53. No one is ______ (leave) this building without the permission of the police.
54. My job is ______ (teach) English and my wish is ______ (be) a lawyer.
55. The president is ______ (visit) our country next month.
56. The speech was very _________ (move) and we were all _______ (move) to tears.
四、作定语
所有的非谓语动词都可以作定语，其区别在：
（1）、不定式作定语常放在被修饰的名词之后，通常可以表示：
A. 一个发生在谓语动词之后的动作。如：
The building to be built next month will be a hospital.
B. 被修饰的名词与用作定语的不定式之间可能是逻辑上的“主+谓”关系，也可能是逻辑上的“动+宾”关系。如：
Do you have anyone to help you? (“主+谓”关系)
I have nothing to write. (“动+宾”关系) 我没有什么东西可写。
C. 如果是“动+宾”关系，动词不定式之后有时需要添上适当的介词，而在名词time, place, moment, way等之后的不定式所带的介词可以省略，如：
I have nothing to write on. 我没有什么东西可以上面写字。
I have nothing to write with. 我没有什么东西可以用来写字。
I have no time to rest.
注意：这种带介词的不定式短语常可以转换为“介词+which / whom+不定式”的结构。例：They had only a cold room to live in.==
They had only a cold room in which to live.
D. 下列情况常用不定式作定语：
当句子中的谓语是一些特定的动词，如：be, find, get, give, have, need, want等，它们后面的名词（宾语或表语）常用不定式修饰。
当名词前有特定的定语，如：first, last, next, only, second以及形容词最高级时，其后常用不定式作定语。
在There be句型中，主语之后常用不定式作定语。
有一些特定的名词之后常用不定式作定语，常见的有：time, chance, right, promise, wish, plan, means, ability等。
例：You have no right to speak here.
He is the only person to know the truth.
There is nothing to worry about.
My parents had no chance to go to college.
（2）、动词的_ing形式作定语时，如果是单个词，常放在被修饰名词之前；如果是-ing短语，要放在名词之后。_ing作定语通常可以表示：
A. 被修饰名词的用途，如：a sleeping car, a waiting room, a walking stick, etc.
B. 被修饰名词的性质特征，如：exciting news, a moving story, etc.
C．被修饰名词正在进行的动作，如：a falling leaf, a burning stick, boiling water, etc.
（3）、过去分词作定语通常表示：
A. 被动，如：He is a man loved by all the people.
B. 完成，如：The building built last year is our classroom building.
a fallen leaf, a developed country, boiled water
C. 被修饰名词所处的状态，如：an excited boy, the disappointed parents, surprised eyes, etc.
五、作状语
所有的非谓语动词都可以在句子中充当状语，其区别在：
（1）、不定式（短语）常在句子中作目的、结果和原因状语，常见句式有：
目的：to do sth.; in order to do sth.; so as to do sth.
结果：so + adj. /adv. + as to do sth.; such + n. + as to do sth.; enough to do sth.; too…to do sth.; only to do sth.
原因：be happy / glad / sorry / sad ,etc. + to do sth.
（2）、_ing形式和过去分词位于句首时常作时间、原因、条件状语，位于句末时主要作方式、伴随或结果状语。究竟该用_ing还是过去分词，主要取决于句子的主语，若它们之间是主动关系就用_ing形式，若是被动关系，就用过去分词。
57. He raised his hand ________ the taxi stop. (have)
58. _______ from the top of the hill, our school looks more beautiful. (see)
59. The parents died, _______ him an orphan. (leave)
60. ______ to college, he works very hard. (go)
61. I’m not such a boy as ______ him. (believe)
62. _______ ill, he was sent to a hospital. (be)
注意：A. 非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，如：
（×）Being a fine day, we went out for an outing.
（√）As it was a fine day, we went out for an outing.
（√）It being a fine day, we went out for an outing.
(×) Hearing the news, tears came to my eyes.
（√）Hearing the news, I burst into tears.
（√）When I heard the news, tears came to my eyes.
B．有些非谓语动词可以相当于独立成分、介词或连词使用，这时候它们常有自己固定的形式，与句子的主语不存在任何的逻辑关系，常见的有：
to tell (you) the truth, to be honest, (老实说)
to make things worse (更糟糕的是)
to begin with / start with (首先)
generally / strictly / exactly speaking (一般/严格/准确地说)
judging from / by (根据/从……判断)
talking of (谈到…… )
considering (考虑到……)
including (其中包括……) compared with / to… (与……相比)
六、作补语
所有的非谓语动词都可以作补语，在使用中要注意下面几种情况：
（1）、有许多动词，如：ask, tell, allow, force, cause, encourage, 等之后都可以接不定式作宾语补足语。
（2）、在感官动词notice, observe, feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at之后可以接三种非谓语动词作补语，其区别在：_ing作补语表示与谓语动词同时进行的动作，如果这个动作与宾语是被动关系，还要用其被动形式being done；过去分词作补语常表示一个完成被动的动作；不定式作补语可以表示一个全过程、一个具体的、将来的、或经常性的动作。如：
63. I saw the classroom ________ (clean) when I passed by it.
64. The missing children were last seen ______ (play) by the river.
65. I often hear him ________ (sing) in the next room.
66. I saw the room _________ (clean). Everything was put in order.
67. I saw him ________ (open) the door, _______ (walk) into the room, and ______ (sit) down at the desk.
（3）、注意使让动词之后的补语用法：
A．have sb. do sth.==get sb. to do sth. “请/叫/让某人做某事” 与宾语的关系是主动的。
B．have sb./ sth. doing sth.“使某人一直做某事/容许某人做某事”，强调主动和进行。
C．get sb. doing sth.“使某人开始做某事”。
D．have sb./sth. done ==get sb./sth. done“使某人/某物被……或使……遭受……”，表示被动
E．make /let sb. do sth.表主动。
F. make /let sb. /sth. /oneself done 表示被动。
（4）、有些动词后不能接非谓语动词特别是不定式作宾语补足语，常考的动词有：agree, refuse, hope, suggest, demand, etc.
(5)、有些动词后需要接_ing作宾语，而接不定式作宾语补足语，常见的动词有：advise, allow, permit, forbid, encourage等。
例：68.You’d better have someone else _______ (help) you. I’m too busy.
69.He already had his eyes ________ (examine) in the hospital yesterday.
70.The speaker explained it again to make himself _______ (understand).
71.We don’t allow _____ (smoke) in our classroom.
72.He didn’t allow his son _____ (play) computer games.
七、作同位语
动词的_ing形式常被用来解释一个名词的具体内容，在句子中充当同位语，如：
His habit, studying at night, remains unchanged.
The gesture for “OK”, making a circle with one’s thumb and index finger, has different meaning in different countries.
第四节 非谓语动词的几种特殊结构
一、否定结构：
所有非谓语动词的否定结构都是在非谓语动词前直接加否定词not或never等构成。
例：Excuse me for not coming back in time.
Not having received a reply, He decided to writer again.
He advised me never to go out alone at night.
二、动词不定式的复合结构
不定式复合结构是指带有主语的动词不定式，其形式有以下两种：
（1）、for sb. to do sth.(侧重动作), 可以用于各种句子结构中。
（2）、of sb. to do sth.(侧重对逻辑主语品行的评价)，这种结构主要用于下列形容词之后：bad, brave, careful careless, clever, foolish, cruel, kind, rude, polite, stupid等。
73.It’s very important ____ us to learn English well.
74.It’s very foolish ____ you to believe him. == You are very foolish to believe him
75.There are a lot of difficulties ____ them to overcome.
76.I stepped aside ____ her to pass.
三、动名词的复合结构
由动名词的逻辑主语和动词_ing一起构成，在句子中主要作主语和宾语，其形式有：
（1）、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格+动词的_ing
（2）、人称代词宾格或名词普通格+动词的_ing
注意、A、当句子的主语就是_ing动词的逻辑主语时不能用复合结构。如：
Would you mind opening the door? (You open the door.)
Would you mind my / me opening the door? (I open the door.)
B、_ing作主语放在句首时，只能用第（1）种形式的复合结构。如：
His being ill made us very sad.
C、当无生命的名词或两个以上的名词/代词并列作_ing的逻辑主语时，只能用第（2）种形式的复合结构。如：
Can you hear the noise of the machine running.
Is there any hope of him and his sister winning the prize?
四、独立主格结构
（1）、由“名词或代词主格+动词的_ing形式或过去分词”构成，在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况或方式。主要用于句子的主语不是非谓语动词的逻辑主语时。如：
77.All the work_______ (do), he had a rest. （时间状语）
78.Weather ________ (permit), we will go outing tomorrow.（条件状语）
79.The boy stood there, his right hand _______ (raise). （伴随情况）
80.He _____ (be) ill, we sent him to a hospital. （原因状语）
81.There ______ (be) no buses, we had to walk home.（原因状语）
（2）、由“with/without +名词/代词宾格+动词_ing /过去分词/不定式/介词（短语）/形容词/副词”等构成，在句子中可以作状语或定语。如：
82.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _____ (tie) behind his back.
83.With a lot of work ____ (do), I can’t go to the cinema with you.
84.He left without anybody ______ (know).
五、“连接词+ to do”，“when/while/though/unless/if, etc. + done /doing”结构的区别
（1）、“连接词+to do”相当于一个名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语和表语，常可以转换成由该连词引出的从句。
(2)、“when/while/though/unless/if, etc. + done/doing” 在句子中只能作状语，主句的主语是此结构中doing和done的逻辑主语，如果它们之间的关系是主动的，就用doing，是被动的就用done。
85. Please tell me what _______ (do ) next. ==Please tell me what I should do next.
86. The problem is whether _______ (go) by bus or by plane.
87. When ______ (start) the project hasn’t been decided yet.
88. Be careful when / while ________(cross) the street.
89. When________ (heat), ice will melt.
90. He won’t go to the party unless _______ (invite).
第五节 动词不定式的两种省略情况
一、省略不定式符号to的情况：
(1).不定式在感官动词notice, observe, feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, 和使让动词have, make, let 之后作宾语补足语时，符号to必须省略。但是当这些动词用于被动语态时，动词不定式变为主语补足语，符号to不能省略。
例：We often hear him sing the song at home.→ He is often heard to sing the song at home.
(2).在动词help之后作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式，符号to可有可无。
(3).两个或两个以上的不定式由连词and / or / than / but 等连接时，从第二个不定式起的符号to常常省略。
例：The students are taught to read, write and do many other things.
注意：如果要强调对比，不能省略to。
例：It’s more difficult to do than to say.
The teacher came not to punish you but to help you.
I wondered whether to stay or to leave.
(4).不定式作表语，用来解释主语部分中do的内容时可以不带to。如：
What we want to do now is (to) lie down and rest.
The first thing she did was go up to her trainer and thank her.
(5).在why或why not引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中不能带to。
Why quarrel with your mother? Why not join us?
(6).在一些类似情态动词的词组如：had better, would rather … than … , can’t (help / choose) but 等之后的动词不带to。
(7).不定式作but或except的宾语时，若前面有实意动词do / does / did / to do等形式，不带to。如：
I did nothing but / except do my homework last night.
She had nothing to do but wait.
(8).当助动词do / does / did用来加强语气或构成倒装句时，其后的动词不能带to。如：
Seldom does he go home this term. I did tell him the news.
(9).当dare用作实意动词时，后面的不定式有时也不带to，特别是在否定句中。
She didn’t dare (to) ask the teacher.
(10).在美国口语中，用在祈使语气中表示目的，在动词come / try / go / run等之后的不定式可以不带to。如：
Come tell me if he arrives. Go tell your mother. Try open the door again.
二、省略to之后的动词部分的情况：
一般说来，当不定式内容是重复前面的内容时，to后的成分可以承前省略，但要保留符
号to，此时省略的成分相当于do so，这种结构一定要有上文或一定的语境。如：
_ Will you go with me? _ Well, I’d like to.
_ Why didn’t you bring an umbrella with you? _ I meant to, but I forgot about it.
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to.
He can’t eat as much as he used to.
注意：当不定式内容是助动词be / have时，to后要保留原形的be / have。如：
He hasn’t succeeded in the exam, but in fact he ought to have.
She is no longer what she used to be.
第六节 非谓语动词综合练习
1. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _______ at the meeting by my boss. (2004)
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
2. Helen had to shout _______ above the sound of the music. (2004 Ⅲ)
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
3. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _____ in making the earth a better place to live. (2003)
A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing
4. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ______ .(1996)
A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to
5. Victor apologized for ______ to inform me of the change in the plan. (2004)
A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able
6. _ Mum, why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day?
_ ______ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. (NMET1999)
A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting
7. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult. (NMET1999)
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
8. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET1998). A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
9. Don’t leave the water _______ while you brush your teeth. (2004)
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
10. With two exams _______ , I have to work really hard this weekend. (2004)
A. worrying about B. worried about C. to worry about D. to worry
11. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _______ in your mind instead of before your eyes. (2004)
A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed
12. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to ______ before the party. (2004)
A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change
13. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen. (2003)
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
14. Alice returned from the manager’s office, _______ me that the boss wanted to see me at once. (2004). A. having told B. tells C. to tell D. telling
15. _______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (2004) A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have wait
参考答案：1~5 CDBCC 6~10 CBABC 11~15 CABDC
非谓语动词总结练习参考答案
第二节：1. to be looking 2. to have been working 3. to have invented 4. to have gone
5. to go 6. to understand 7. to wash 8. to be washed
9.to visit 10. to sit 11. to answer 12. to blame
13. to fire 14. to be fired 15. Walking 16. having taught
17.singing 18. having finished 19. joining 20. being invited
21. watering 22. giving 23. being built 24. Given
25. reading
第三节：26. To refuse 27. Walking 28. Teaching 29. To be
30. To see; Seeing 31. To say 32. Reading 33. to give
34. holding 35. arguing 36. swimming; to swim 37. to go
38. crying 39. to finish; working 40. seeing; to post 41. being paid; to turn 42. missing; to say 43. cheating; to hurt 44. to do; thinking 45. talking; to talk
46. working; to read 47. looking/to be looked; to look 48. visiting; to be visited/being visited 49. To wait 50. to study 51. to do 52. to go 53. to learn
54. teaching; to be 55. to visit 56. moving; moved 57. to have 58. Seen
59. leaving 60. to go 61. to believe 62. Being 63. being cleaned/cleaned
64. playing 65. sing 66. cleaned 67. open; walk; sit 68. help
69. examined 70. understood 71. smoking 72. to play
第四节：73. for 74. of 75. for 76. for 77. done 78. permitting
79. raised 80. being 81. being 82. tied 83. to do 84. knowing
85. to do 86. to go 87. to start 88. crossing 89. heated 90. invited
篇7：Book5 Unit5 Making the news 学案设计(人教版英语高考复习)
必修5Unit4 动词、名词、形容词、副词归类复习（注意一个单词多种词性！）
动词 1. v.集中；全神贯注于__________
2. vt.帮助；协助；援助__________
3. vt.擦亮；磨光；润色__________
4. .vt.解释
5. vt.指控6. vt.出版；发行；发表；公布________
7. vt.递交；呈递__________.
8. vt.否认；拒绝__________
9. vt.告知；通知
名词 1.n 批准_______
2 n.任务；分配__________
3. n.摄影__________
4 n.摄影师__________
5 n.同事__________
6 n.需求 vt.强烈要求__________
7n.业余爱好者__________
8 n.约定；任命__________
9 n.照片 vt.给...照相__________
10. n.职业；专业__________
11. n.指责；谴责；控告__________ 12. n.助手；助理；售货员__________
13. n.最后期限__________
14. n.罪行；犯罪__________
15 n.版(本)；版次_____________
16 n.编辑__________
17 n.部门；部；处；系____
18 n.参加面试者；接受采访者
19 记者；新闻工作者___
20 n.家庭主妇_______
21 n.困境；窘境
22 .情况；病例
形容词 1不同寻常的；独特的__________
2. 彻底的；详尽的__________
3犯罪的；有罪的；内疚的__________
4. 富于想象力的__________
5. 怀疑的__________
6. 技术(上)的；技巧方面__________
7. 简明的；简练的__________
8. 精确的；正确的__________9. 渴望的；热切的__________
10. 快乐的，欣喜的__________
11. 难忘的；永远记得的_________
12. 年长的；高年级的； ________
13. 要求很高的；费力的__________
14. 有天赋的_________
15值得赞扬的
短语 1. 全神贯注
2. 为 –辨护
3. 批准. 4.因-而内疚
5.渴望干某事
6.是---的说明
【练练基本功课前练习】
写出下列动词的过去式、过去分词、现在分词和动词第三人称单数形式：
1. assit ___________ _____________ _______________ _________________
2. inform ___________ _____________ _______________ _________________
3.approve. ___________ _____________ _______________ _________________
4. concentrate. ___________ _____________ _______________ _________________
5. accuse ___________ _____________ _______________ _________________
6.deny. ___________ _____________ _______________ _________________
写出下列单词的变化形式
1.professon.教授 professional adj professon n.职业
2.approve v.赞成.. approval n. disapprove v.不赞成
3.guilt n.内疚 guilty adj guiltily adv.
4.deliberate adj 故意的 delibrately adv
5.occupation n.职业occupational adj occupy v
6.eager adj 急切的 eagerly adv eagernessn.
重点知识导学
Jane is a housewife, but___1_____(delight)to work as an amateur journalist. It is ___2____ dilemma for her to rush between family and work, and it is also ____3____(usual) for the News Department to depend on an amateur to cover crimes. But Jane is really gifted. It is admirable ___4_____she is seldom accused of making mistakes. And, eager to become more professional, she concentrates on her job and updates ____5_____ now and then.
Once she is informed____6____ a new case, her normal working process is as follows: first, she makes appointments with guilty people for interviews. So as to acquire accurate stories, she usually demands to record ___7_____they say. Meanwhile, a technically good colleague will assist her in taking photographs. Second, she assesses whether they are ____8______(deliberate) hiding the truth. If she is skeptical about their words, she will look into the case herself. Third, she writes thorough stories ahead of the deadline and submits it to the senior chief editor, ____9____polishes and approves every section. Finally, her stories____10____(publish) in different editions of their magazine.
答案
.1 delighted 2 a 3 in 4 unusual 5 herself
6 of 7_what 8_deliberately 9 who 10 will be pulished
【重点词汇讲解】
1.assist vt帮助，协助（完成工作）
eg. If you assist someone, you help them to do a job or task by doing part of the work for them.
assist sb with sth assist sb to do (in doing) sth 帮助某人做某事
1.朱莉娅正在帮他准备讲演稿。Julia was assisting him to prepare his speech.
2.全家人决定帮助我做家务。The family decided to assist me with my chores
3.阿米德医生的助手是一位年轻的亚裔护士
Dr Amid was assisted by a young Asian nurse.
自由造句____________________________________________________________________
2.inform vt 通知；告知
inform sb of sth 告知某人某事 sb. be informed of听说; 接到...的通知
eg. If you inform someone of something, you tell them about it.
1)他们会把他们取得的任何进步都告诉他。
They would inform him of any progress they had made
2) 歌手们把他们到来的消息告诉了我们
The singer informed us of their arrival.
自由造句____________________________________________________________________
3. case n. 特定情况；事例；实例
Eg. Either he escaped, or he came to grief. In any case, he was never seen again.
他要么逃掉了，要么遭到了不测。不管怎么样，反正再也没有人见过他
in case of 万一，以防 in case后加that从句指“假如……”或“希望
in most cases 在多数情况下 in any case无论如何
1）带把伞吧，以防下雨。Take an umbrella with you in case of rain.
2）假如他来了，请告诉我。In case he comes, let me know.
3）在大多数情况下，根本没有十拿九稳的事。
In most cases，there's no such things as certainty.
自由造句____________________________________________________________________
4.demand v vt.要求，请求；需要；n.需求；需要；要求，请求；销路vi.需要；请求；查问
Eg.He said the task of reconstruction would demand much patience, hard work and sacrifice...
他说重建任务将需要付出极大的耐心、艰辛和牺牲
demand作为名词时后面可以跟介词for，表示“需求”。
demand作动词后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气即demand that sb. (should) do的形式。
demand to do sth.
1)Demand for coal is down and so are prices.
煤的需求下降了，煤价也相应下跌。
2)He demands that he shall(should) leave the place immediately
他要求立即离开这个地方。
3)She demanded to be told everything about it. 她要求知道事情的整个经过。
自由造句____________________________________________________________________
5.approve vt& vi.赞成，同意vt.批准；认可；核准；为…提供证据vi.赞同；称许；称赞；满意、喜欢（常与of连用）”，不用于进行时。
Eg.Not everyone approves of the festival...不是所有人都赞成庆祝该节日。
1) 我赞成该提案. I approved of the proposal.
2) 全世界都倾向于赞同他们的计划The world has tended to approve of their plans.
3) 我不喜欢他的态度I didn't approve of his manner
6.depend on|upon depend on sb to do sth
depend on sb for sth
That depends./ It all depends
Eg. Your dreams depend on it.你的成败取决于此。
1)有一些将取决于您的情况。Some depend on your situation
2)我不知道我们能不能帮上忙，一切都得看情况
I don’t know if we can help . It all depends.
3) 你不能仅仅依赖你的经历来帮助你。You can't only depend on your enemy to help you.
4) All living things depend on the sun for their growth.
自由造句____________________________________________________________________
7.concentrate on专心于，把思想集中于；将…集中于…；注；贯注(+n.|doing sth)
Eg.Filter out the noise and nonsense. Only concentrate on what you deeply desire.
过滤掉噪音和胡言乱语，只全神贯注于你内心深处的向往。
1) 吵闹声不绝于耳, 我精神无法集中于学习）.
I can't concentrate (on my studies) with all that noise going on.
2) 我们必须致力于改进教育。We must concentrate our efforts on improving education.
自由造句___________________________________________________________________8.accuse 8. accuse v.指责，谴责；指控accuse sb. of sth. 表示“控告某人某罪”
Eg. Her assistant was accused of theft and fraud by the police...
她的助手被警方指控犯有盗窃和欺诈罪。
I don’ t want to accuse my best friend of telling lies.
1) 有些人可能会指责奥巴马总统过早地宣告胜利
Some will accuse Mr obama of declaring victory too soon.
2） 没有事实你怎么能指责我撒谎呢？
How can you accuse me of lying without knowing the facts
自由造句____________________________________________________________________
9..not only but also
Eg.Not only did this send a message that he wanted me back, but it also motivated me: I actually looked forward to having a new challenge.
这一举动不仅表明他希望我能回去继续为公司工作，同时也激发了我的积极性：实际上，我非常希望能有新的挑战
1) He not only writes his own plays,, but also acts in them.他不仅是自编剧本, 还饰演其中的角色。
2)Not only is the water in the city pollted, but also the streets are crowded with cars .在这个城市不仅水被污染了，而且街道上挤满了车。
若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。
Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你，他也得离开。
若连接两个句子，not only后面的句子要用倒装，
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 他不仅说得更正确，而且讲得更不费劲了。
自由造句____________________________________________________________________
篇8：高中英语写作常用短语搭配 (人教版英语高考复习)
1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy
2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长
the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard
3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology
4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges
5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…
6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development
7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention
8.不可否认 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…
9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate
10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue
11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument
12.一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others…
13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,
14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on…
15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons
16.双方的论点 arguments on both sides
17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…
18.对…必不可少 be indispensable to …
19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:
20.…也不例外 …be no exception
21.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on…
22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
23.导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in
24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon
25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement
26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation
27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision
28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills
29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden
30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration
31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective
32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts
33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…
34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society
35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…
36.综合素质 comprehensive quality
37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach
39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…
40. 应当承认 Admittedly,
41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty
42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…
43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information
44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources
45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I 大写)
46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient
47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life
48.环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly
49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress
50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology
51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue
52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in favor of the former/ latter opinion
53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence
54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way
55. 理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice
56. …必然趋势 an irresistible trend of…
57.日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition
58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest
59.长远利益. interest in the long run
60.…有其自身的优缺点 … has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages
61.扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones
62.取其精髓，取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs.
63.对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to
64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information
65.跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with
the latest development of …
66.采取有效措施来… take effective measures to do sth.
67.…的健康发展 the healthy development of …
68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides. No garden without weeds.
69.对…观点因人而异 Views on …vary from person to person.
70.重视 attach great importance to…
71.社会地位 social status
72.把时间和精力放在…上 focus time and energy on…
73.扩大知识面 expand one’s scope of knowledge
74.身心两方面 both physically and mentally
75.有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to…
76. 提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal
77..可以取代 “think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that
78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden
79.优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth.
80.与…比较 compared with…/ in comparison with
81. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary.
82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of
83.经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water
84.提供就业机会 offer job opportunities
85. 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress
86.毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…
87.增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding
88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of
89.承受更大的工作压力 suffer from heavier work pressure
90.保障社会的稳定和繁荣 guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society
91.更多地强调 put more emphasis on…
92.适应社会发展 adapt oneself to the development of society
93.实现梦想 realize one’s dream/ make one’s dream come true
94. 主要理由列举如下 The main reasons are listed as follows:
95. 首先 First， Firstly， In the first place, To begin with
96.其次 Second, Secondly, In the second place
97. 再次 Besides，In addition, Additionally, Moreover, Furthermore
98. 最后 Finally, Last but not the least, Above all, Lastly,
99. 总而言之 All in all, To sum up, In summary, In a word,
100.我们还有很长的路要走 We still have a long way to go.
★ 高中英语名词语法
★ 江苏省黄桥中学语法讲义情态动词 学案设计(人教版英语高一)
高中英语重点语法网络图表 学案设计(人教版英语高考复习)（精选8篇）
