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- 目录
篇1：语法复习一：定语从句 学案设计(译林牛津版英语高一)
（一）定义
1)在复合句中（一个句子的某一成分由句子承当），修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句或形容词从句；在句中起定语的作用.
2)被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词antecedent
1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.[
先行词 关系代词 定语从句
2) You must do everything thatI do.
先行词 关系代词 定语从句
(二)：关系代词的作用;
1.连接主句和从句。
2.代表被修饰的先行词。
3.在定语从句做一个句子成分。
eg. This is the room which I lived in last year.
先行词 关系代词 定语从句
(三)：定语从句中有 关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that, as.
关系副词 when, where, why 等引导定语从句。
（四）：用关系代词还是用关系副词
关系代词起代词的作用，关系副词起副词的作用，因此同样的先行词，选用什么样的关系词，要由它在定语从句中担任的逻辑作用来决定。
关系代词 词行 先行词 充当成分
who 人 主、宾、表
Whom 人 宾
That 人&物 主、宾、表
Which 物 主、宾、表
As 物 主、宾
Whose=of whom\\of which 人&物 定语
关系副词 When=at\\in\\on\\during which 时间 状
Where=at\\in\\to which 地点 状
Why=for which 原因 状
that 在口语中可以代替关系副词 以上三者 状
This is the place where we work.（vi.） (关系词所做的成分关键是有从句中的动词来决定的)
This is the place which we visited. (vt. )
种类 先行词 关联词 例句 说明
定
语
从
句 （人）在从句中做主语或宾语
物
在从句中做主语或宾语
who
which
This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life .
这就是救了孩子生命的医生。
She is the new student whom I want to introduce to you .
她就是我要介绍给你的新学生
Please pass me the book which is lying on the table.
请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。
The novel which Tom bought is very interesting.
汤姆买的小说很有意思。
Can you lend me the magazine about which you talked yesterday?
你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？ who在从句中做主语
whom在从句中做宾语，口语中who可以代替whom，也可以被省去，但做介词宾语时只能用whom
which在从句中做主语。
which充当宾语时可以省去。
which做介词宾语不可省
定
语
从
句
人
或
物
的 whose The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams
那位教授是威廉斯他的女儿教你英语。
The professor, the daughter of whom teaches you English is Dr. Williams.
The bike whose brake was damaged has now been repaired.
那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好了。
=The bike the brake of which was damaged has now been repaired whose在从句中做定语
指某人的也可以用…of whom代替whose
指物时也可以用…of which 代替 whose
人
或 that The woman that is playing the piano is Miss Zhang.
正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张小姐。
I’d like to see the films that are just on show.
我想看那些刚上映的电影。 that指人做主语
that指物做主语
种类
先行词 关联词 例 句 说 明
物
all, little much和some,any every ,no 构成的合成代词
人
或
物
that
that
They talked for about an hour of things and persons that they remember in the school.
他们谈起他们所记得起的学校里的人和事，谈了大约有半个小时。
I’ll tell you all(that )I know about it .
我要告诉你我所知道这件事的一切情况。
Is there anything (that) I can do for you?
有什么我可以帮助做的事吗？
I’ve brought everything (that )you need.
我把你需要的东西都拿来了。
This is the best film that I have seen .
这是我看过的最好的一部电影。
The first place that we’ll visit is Beijing Library.
我们要参观的第一个地方是北京图书馆 先行词分别表示人和物，关系代词要用that，不用who或which
先行词表示物，关系代词用that不用which, 在从句中做宾语可省去 。如果先行词是人时，关系代词不受制约，用that或who (whom)
均可
先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时定语从句用that引导。
定
语
从
句
人
或
物 that He is the only person that is believable.
他是唯一可靠的人。
John is the very person that she wants to see.
约翰正是她要见的人。
Who is the man that is talking with Tom ?
正在和汤姆谈话的人是谁？
Which of the books that you bought is easy to read?
你买的那些书中哪一本容易读。 先行词被the only, the very,the same 等修饰时用关系代词that.
当主句以who、which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句要用that
时
间 when He came at a time when we. needed him most.他在我们最需要的时候来了。
We’ll never forget the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天。 在定语从句中作时间状语
注：先行词是time, minute, moment, next time很少用关系副词when,可用that 但通常省去。
地点 where This is the room where he put up for the night.
这就是他渡过夜晚的那房子。 在定语从句中作地点状语
原因
理由 why I know the reason why she studies so well .
我知道她学习好的原因。 在定语从句中作原因状语
This is the place where work.（vi.） (关系词所做的成分关键是有从句中的动词来决定的)
This is the place which we visited. (vt. )
（五）：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
从句与先行词的关系 从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。 从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整
标 点 从句和主句之间不用逗号分开 从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开
关
系
代
词 指人who (that) whom
指物which (that)
人和物whose
关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去 指人who（作主语）whom（做宾语）
指物which
人和物的whose
关系代词一般不可省
修饰 从句只修饰一个名词或代词 可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句
翻译 定语从句译在被修饰词的前面 定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子
限制性 非限制性
形式上 无逗号 有逗号
内容上 先行词不是唯一的 先行词是唯一的，定语从句可有可无。
关系词 可用that ,why.作宾语可以省略 不可用that ,why。关系词一律不省。
先行词 名词或代词 名词或代词，也可以使整个句子
汉语翻译 译作定语 译成并列句
1．二者差异比较
限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词．关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。
He has a brother who is a physicist.
He has a brother, who is a physicist. (只有一个)
He returned all the books which are written in English.
He returned all the books, which are written in English.
I will wear no clothes which will be out of ordinary.
I will wear no clothes, which will be out of ordinary.
The man who lives next door is a doctor.
My sister, who lives next door, is a doctor.
I’m sure I know the person who served me.
Tom, who served us, is the owner of the restaurant.
A student who studies hard will make good progress.
The student, who lives far from school, is the leader of their football match.
（六） 关系代词that和 which的区别
<1>． 只能用that的情况
(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none ，few.等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：
All the people that are present burst into tears.
Everything that we saw was interesting.
I’m interested in everything that I don’t know.
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
(2) 如果先等词被 all ,little none any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which.
例如：I read all the books that you gave to me.
This is the only money that I have in my pocket.
All the money that was collected was given to the Hope Project.
(3) 如果先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或者先行词是最高级时，关系代词常用that,不用which。
This is the first book that was written in English.
This is the last factory that I visited.
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
This is the funniest thing that I ever heard.
(4) 如果先等词被the only ,the very , the same ,the last修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which.
This is the only book that I really like.
He was the only person in the office that was invited to the ball.
(5) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。而不用who, which.
例如： The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
(6)who ,which开头的特殊疑问句中，关系代词用that.
Who is the person that is standing there?
Which of us that knows English doesn’t know this?
which of the novel do you like best?
(7) 关系代词作表语时，关系代词用that.
It took us many years to make the city that it is today.
He is not the man that he used to be.
China isn’t the country it used to be.
(8) 先行词是奇数词或是序数词时，关系代词用that .
Yesterday I caught two fish. Now you can see the two that are still alive in the basin of water.
(9) 当主句 “ there be “开头时，关系代词要用that 引导的定语从句修饰该句型的主语。
There are four desks in the middle of the office that are used for the teachers.
(10) 当先行词是 “ to be “ 后面的表语时关系代词用that .
This is the dictionary that was bought in the bookstore yesterday.
<2>．只能用which的情况
1) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。如：
There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.
Bei jing , which is china’s capital, is rich in culture.
2)those/that +名词后的定语从句用which引导。不能用关系代词that。
That pen which he took is mine.
A shop should keep those goods which sells well.
3) 介词后只用which
This is the room in which he lived.
I don’t know the man to whom you talked.
The chair on which he is sitting is made of wood.
(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语， 不用that..例如：
He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
(5)先行词是that时，关系代词要用which.
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?
(6) 关系代词后面有插入语时，益用关系代词 which.
Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help to improve your English.
<3>．只用who, whom.而不用that的情况
(1) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, those, ones等时，关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用 which .that。例如：
Is there anyone here who will go with you?
People all like those who have good manners.
（2） 当先行词是指人的集合名词时，如果作这个名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。
Mr. Smith came to visit my family, who were watching TV then.
Our class, which is a very good one, was praised again at the meeting.
(3)当先行词有较长的 后置定语或者在被分割的定语从句中，宜用关系代词 who
Pro. Wang is coming soon who will give us a talk on how to learn English.
(4) 当先行词用-body 或-one 构成的复合不定代词时，关系代词用who
We’d better not believe in anyone who we don’t know.
(5) 当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时，常用who
The aunt/uncle who came to see us last week is my brother’s sister.
（七）．“介词＋关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构
(1)“介词＋关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词＋关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。其中whom代表人，which代表物
Who is the comrade with whom you shook hands?
He works in a factory, in front of which there is a river
Give me the book the cover of which is red (the cover of which=whose cover)
He is the man whose father is a teacher.=He is the man the father of whom is a teacher.
This is the neighborhood from whom I borrowed the bicycle.
(2) from where为“介词＋关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句（不常用）。例如：
We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..
（3）***关系代词前的介词如何确定？
A.依据定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配
Mr. Smith bought a new house on which he spent all his money.
B.依据先行词的某种习惯搭配确定
There was no way in which it could be bought back to the earth. ( in this way)
C.根据所表达的意思确定
The gas with which doctors can save the patients is called oxygen.
The gas without which we can not live is called oxygen.
(4)***注意关系代词的位置
介词在关系代词前时，只能用which 和whom不能用that 代替，也不可省略；介词在句尾时，关系代词可which ,that ,whom, who,都行，而且还可以省略。
This is the drawer in which I put my letters.
= This is the drawer (which/that )I put my letters in.
Have you seen the pen with which I wrote letters this morning?
= Have you seen the pen (which/that) I wrote letters with this morning?
所以一个句子有时有多种用法
如：那就是他工作的大学
This is the college at which he works.
This is the college that/which he works at.
This is the college where he works.
但像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
This is the book which /that I am looking for.
This is the girl I have been looking for the whole afternoon.
（八） whose 引导从句的意义
1）指人=of whom 表示所修饰的“某（些）人的用做所修饰的先行词的所有格。
A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.
2) 指物=of which 表所修饰的“某物的“
I live in the room whose window faces south.
I live in the room, the window of which faces south
( whose +从句 可以用“of which +从句”代替)
（九）As 与which 是有区别的
A) 相同之处： 都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的主句所表达的内容。which 可做宾语或表语
He failed once more in the match, which was a great pity.
He succeeded in the composition, which made his parents very happy.
B) 区别：
1）as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面．中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：
1) As we all know, Galileo’s theory of falling objects is right.
= Galileo’s theory of falling objects, as we all know, is right
= Galileo’s theory of falling objects is right, as we all know.
2) He was thrown into prison, which got round throughout our village
3) As is expected, the England team won the football match.
4) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.
5) He was late again, which made me unhappy
6) As you know, he is good at English.
2.） as有“如” 、“正如”、“像”、“正像”的含义，which 没有。后面的谓语动词多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report等。
Bob did an excellent job, as we had expected.
Our team won the game, which made us happy.
As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.
We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.
We are facing the problems which we faced years ago.
We hope to get such a tool as he is using.
We hope to get the tool which he is using.
3.) as 在引导限制性定语从句多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。
the same…as such….as
This is the same story as he told me.
I hope to get such a book as he is using
4).as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。可代表一个句子。例如：
The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.
5).as做主语时， 其后必跟系动词，而which 无此限制
The meeting was put off, as was what we wanted.
He was murdered, as seemed true.
6)as引导从句时，从句语义必须和主句一致
She was married again, which was unexpected
She was married again, as was unexpected 7
7）the same …as 与the same ..that 的区别： 前者修饰的是原物同样的
而后者修饰的就是先行词
This is the same watch as I lost.这和我丢的那一只手表是一样的。
This is the dame watch that I lost.着就是我丢的那一只手表。
（十）什么时候that 可以省略？
1) 引导同位语从句，主语从句，表语从句不能省略，且不做成分。
The name “ whitewater ”comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly.
It’s known to all that light travels in straight lines. ( that 置后可一省略)
The reason for his absence was that he was ill. ( 有时可省，一般不省)
2）宾语从句中可以省略
I don’t think (that) you are right.
3）that 只有在定语从句中做成分，可做主、宾、表语。
（十一）关系代词做主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词而不是关系代词。
I want to see the film that is on show.
The students who don’t study hard will not pas the exam.
(十二)one of the… 与the one of the … 做先行词时谓语不一致。
Li Bai is one of the greatest poets that have lived in China.
Li Bai is the one of the greatest poets that has lived in China.
This is one of the books that I have been written in Chinese.
This is the only one of the books that has been written in Chinese.
He is one of the boys who are willing to do it.
He is the only one of the boys who is willing to do it.
（十三）．关系副词引导的定语从句
1．关系副词也可以引导定语从句
关系副词在从句中分别表示时间．地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。
1)when 表示时间, 充当时间状语 when=on/ in/ of /at…+which
I still remember the day when I join the party
I will never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
但注意：
1.当先行词是表地点：place ,room, mountain, airport等时间：time, day, year, month, week,等原因：reason 等名词时,并且分别在句中做地点、时间、原因状语时，应用where ,when ,why引导。但是如果如果表示时间地点原因的名词不做状语，而是做主语，宾语，或者表语时，必须用关系代词that /which来引导而不是用where等。
I still remember the day that we spent together。
May 1 is the day that I will never forget。
The Yangtze Gorges is a beautiful place (that /which) people all over the world look forward to visiting.
长江三峡是个美丽的地方，全世界的人都渴望来参观。
The moment (that /which) I turned around, she had left and disappeared in the crowd.
Is this the reason that he gave us for being late?
This is the factory that we visited
That is the house that he lived in..
The place that we had been to was far.
The shop that /which we saw is beautiful.
2.当先行词为 by the time ,any time , the way, every time, the first time ,the last time 时，关系词不用when而用that.或省略
This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.
The first time I saw him was in 1980
By the time he was 14 he had learned advanced mathematics
但如果time前无修饰语,关系词用that when 均可
I will never forgot the time when (that) we met for the first time.
3. 当先行词为way 时，关系词用in which ,that, 或省略.
This is the way that/ in which / 不加 he smiles.
但注意：
4.why 表示原因（现行词只有一个 reason），做原因状语。 Why= for which
That is the reason why he was late.
（十四）学生容易出现的问题。
1. 在定语从句中多加了宾语，如：
Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come.
Some of the boys I invited didn’t come.
Is this the horse you drew it yesterday?
Is this the horse you drew yesterday?
2. 把定语从句的动词的单复数弄错。
Those who has finished may leave the classroom now.
They key opens the room is missing.
Those who have finished may leave the classroom now.
This is one of the rivers in China which flows northward.
This is one of the rivers in China which flows northward.
3. 省略了定语从句中做主语的关系代词。
Children eat a lot of sugar often get bad teeth.
Children who eat a lot of sugar often get bad teeth.
They key opens the room is missing.
They key which/that opens the room is missing.
4. 定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或者是介词。
The house where he lives in needs repairing.
The house where he lives needs repairing.
The house which/that he lives in needs repairing.
This is the time at when he’s more likely to be in.
This is the time when he’s more likely to be in.
This is the time at which he’s more likely to be in.
（十五）代有插入语的定语从句who 与whom 的选用。
担主语成分时用who ,担 宾格成分时用whom
方法：要区分是定语从句中的插入语还是主谓结构。
Jason is a man who (I believed) is honest.(去掉仍成立)
Jason is a man whom I believe to be honest.
做宾语
The girl who we supposed was drowned came back.
The girl who we supposed to be drowned came back.
（十六）什么时候宜用非限制性定语从句
1） 当先行词是专有名词时，通常用非限制性定语从句，它本身就具有特殊性，无需在加限定。
Shenzhen, which is in South China, is developing rapidly.
My house, which I bought last year, has got a garden .
Mr. Smith bought a new house on which he spent all his money.
2) 当先行词是具有某一特征的人或者物中的一个，但跟非限制从句时则表示唯一的一个，compare:
Her room has a window which faces south.
Her room has a window, which faces south.
I have a brother who is working in Beijing.
I have a brother, who is working in Beijing.
3.当先行词表示类属意义，即表示某类动物，事物或人时，其后所跟的定语从句一般是非限制性的。
A sleep is a useful animal, whose wool has many uses.
Football, which is a very interesting game, is now played all over the world.
语法经典练习：
1.He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows ,most of_______ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A. theseB. those C. that D. which
2.Alice received an invitation from her boss, ______ came as a surprise.
A. itB. that C. which D. he
3.She heard a terrible noise , _______ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. whichC. this D. that
4.In the dark street, there wasn't a single person _____ she could turn for help.
A. thatB. who C. from whom D. to whom
5.Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work hard , but ______ didn’t help.
A. heB. which C. she D. it
6. The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
7. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small townhe grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
8. Carol said the work would be done by October, ______ personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
9.The result of the experiment was very good, ______ we hadn’t expected.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
10.It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ______ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A. that B.while C. which D.when
11. These houses are sold at such a low price _______ people expected.
A. like B. asC. that D. which
12. Recently I bought an ancient vase, ___ was very reasonable.
A. which priceB. the price of which C. its priceD. the price of those
13. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.
A．who B．which C．this D．what
14. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _______ was true.
A．he B．thisC．which D．who
15. The film brought the hours back to me _____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
16.The famous basketball star, _______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. whereB. when C. which D. Who
17. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ______ I will always treasure.
A that B oneC itD what
18. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums and some other places, _____ other visitors seldom go.
A whatB which C where D when
19.Alec asked the policeman _____he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
A with him B who C with whomD whom
20.We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computers.
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
21.______ has been announced , we shall have our final exams next month.
A. That B. As C. ItD. What
22.York, ______ last year, is a nice old city.
A. that I visited B. which I visited
C. where I visitedD.in chich I visited
23.Luckly, we’d brought a road map without ______ we would have lost our way.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
24.A fast food restaurant is the place ______ , just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.
A. which B. where C. there D. what
25.Geoge Orwell, ______ was Eric Arthur, write many political novels and essays .
A. the real name B. what his real name C his real name D. whose real name.
26. _____ is reported in the newspapers , talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B .AsC. That D. what
27. American women usually identify their best friend as someone ______ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom.
28. The English play ______my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A. for which B . at which C. in which D. on which
29. There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
30. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months，______ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which. B. during which C. from which D for which
31. There was _____ time ______ I hated to go to school.
A. a, that B. a, when C. the, that D. the, when
32. there are two buildings, ______ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
33. ______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
34. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ______ are sold abroad.
A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that
35.Anyway, that evening, ______ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at the Rache’s place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
36.. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the other, ______, of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
37.It is easy to do the repair. ______ you need is a hammer and some nails.
A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything
38.. I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
39.Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ____ effects the people are still suffering. （
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
40.If a shop has chairs ____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
41.Frank’s dream was to have his own shop ____ to produce the workings of his own hands.
A. that B. in which C. by which D. how
42.Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, ___________ he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students’ Union.
A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time
43. Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be.
A．who B．that C．what D．which
44. The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be________the cross-river traffic is the heaviest
A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; whereD. which; in which
45. I walked in our garden, _______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.
A．which B．when C．where D．that
46.I have many friends , some are businessmen .
A．of them B．from which C．who of D．of whom
47. -Is that the small town you often refer to?
-Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.
A．that B．which C．where D．what
48. He was educated at a local grammar school, _____ he went on to Cambridge.
A. from which B. after thatC. after whichD. from this
49. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, __________ leading actor is world famous?
A．its B．it's C．whose D．which
50.The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _______ didn’t help.
A．it B．she C．which D．he
Keys:
1-5 DCBDD 6-10 BBDCD 11-15 BBBCC 16-20 DBCCD 21-25BBDBD
26-30BDCAA 31-35BDDAD 36-40DBCBD 41-45 BADCC 46-50 DCCCA
篇2：09届高三英语语法复习（一）定语从句 学案设计(译林牛津版英语高三)
编写人：陈尚琢
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词，关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as，关系副词有when, where, why.
一、关系词的基本用法
who 指人，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
whom 指人，在从句中作宾语
whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语
that 指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
which 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语
as 指人、物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语
where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语
why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语
（1）The man (whom /who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher.
（2）The book which/ that tells us about the earth is interesting.
（3）She lives in a house whose windows faces south.
（4）Do you know the boy whose father is an English teacher?
（5）I have never heard such stories as he tells.
（6）I’ll never forget the day when /on which I joined the army.
（7）I won’t forget the factory where / in which my father worked.
（8）Tell me the reason why you came late.
二、必须用“that”引导的定语从句
1、当先行词是不定代词all，little, few, much, anything , everything, none, nothing, no one, some等时。
He did everything that he could to help us.
2、先行词被all, every, no , some, any , little, much, the only, the very, the right, last , few , just 等修饰时。
The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.
3、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词
最高级时。
This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.
4、当先行时前有such 或the same修饰时，先行词和关系代词指同一物时。
She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.
5、先行词既有人又有物时，
Later they talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
6、当主句是以who或which开始时的特殊疑问句时，
Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
7、在同一个句子里，若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用了which， 另一个宜用that.
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
8、当关系代词在从句中作表语时。（只限于限制性定语从句中）
China is no longer the country that it used to be.
9、当先行词是集体名词时，多用that，
He wants to join the team that won the game.
10、that在有些句型中可作为关系副词，且可省略。
I don’t like the way (that) he talks to me.
三、只用which不用that时情况
1、引导非限制性定语从句时，
Bruce went toward the fire, which was still smoking.
2、先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置。
This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.
3、先行词本身是that时，
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?
4、先行词后有插入语时，
Here is the English grammar book which, as I’ve told you, will help improve your English.
5、which 用作表语，指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特性、品质或才能的人。
He is an engineer, which I am not。
关系代as：在限制性定语从句中用在such, the same, as, so之后，as引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。
I have the same book as you（have）.
Take as many as you want.
Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.
This is such a book as was given to me.
四、关系代词的省略情况
1、关系代在从句中作宾语时。
Have you received the book (that) I sent you last week?
2、关系代词在从句中作表语时。
Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.
3、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而这个介词又在句末时。
This is the artist (whom) I spoke to you about.
注意：关系代词的省略是指在限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。
五、带介词的定语从句
1、固定词组，介词置于后，关系代词使用灵活。
This is the child (whom / who/ that) she is looking after.
2、非固定词组，介词位置灵活，关系代词使用严格。
The man (whom/ who/ that) I spoke to is a friend of mine.
The man to whom I spoke is a friend of mine.
3、介词词组（关系代词远离先行词）
In front of, on top of ,at the foot of, with the help of, as a result of.
We stand in a building in front of which stands a lab.
We arrived at a hill, on top of which stood a tower.
4、代词/数词+of +关系代词
He has written many books, most of which are for children.
We have many students, two of whom have won prizes of international competitions.
5、介词+关系代词+代词/数词
He has written many books, of which most are in Chinese.
6、介词+whose 修饰后面的名词
He is the very man in whose pocket I found my lost money.
六、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句对先行词起限制确定作用。如果没有它，主句的意思就不完整，这种%s strange.
2和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，在口语中前后没有停顿。
He is the man whose father died last week.
That is the reason why I didn’t open the door.
非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词起描述或补充说明的作用，省略后也不影响全句的意思，非限制性定语碏拗菩远ㄓ锎泳洌有“正如”的含义，因此，下列句式中多用as.
as has been said above as anybody can see
as we had expected as (it) appears
Things are not always as they appear.
5、which 引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。
The decision was postponed, which was exactly what he wanted.
6、which 引导非限制性定语%tudy?
（5）Is this school ______ is a senior one?
A. that/which B. where C. the one
D. the one where 2as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中和句尾。
As everyone knows, Tom is good at English.
The earth, as we know, moves round the sun.
3、非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时，常用as 作主语。
as is said/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ disused等。
As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.
4、as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”的含义，因此，下列句式中多用as.
as has been said above as anybody can see
as we had expected as (it) appears
Things are not always as they appear.
5、which 引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。
The decision was postponed, which was exactly what he wanted.
6、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词）从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。
The football match, which I watched yesterday, is very interesting.
7、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句的谓语带有宾语，有的还带宾语补足语。
After that things improved, which astonished me.
Water changes into steam, which is known to be a physical chang (that/ which)
2、是用when还是用that, which
（1）May 1 is the day ______ we spent together.
（2）May 1 is the day ________i joined the army.
A. that/ which B. when
当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语时，用when, 若作主语或宾语时，就用that/ which.
3、定语从句与强调结构的区别
（1）It was in this house ______ he was born.
（2）It was this house ______ he was born.
（3）It was in the house ________ he used to live that the exhibition was held..
A. 5那别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的?B E. the one that / which
遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用the one的形式，接着再看the one在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用the one where，若作主语或宾语时，则用the one (that/ which)
2、是用when还是用that, which
（1）May 1 is the day ______ we spent together.
（2）May 1 is the day ________i joined the army.
A. that/ which B. when
当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语时，用when, 若作主语或宾语时，就用that/ which.
3、定语从句与强调结构的区别
（1）It was in this house ______ he was born.
（2）It was this house ______ he was born.
（3）It was in the house ________ he used to live that the exhibition was held..
A. where B. that C. which D. there
判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉it is /was …that, 若整个句子结构和意义不受影响，则为强调结构，否则为定语从句。
4、定语从句与其他从句的区别
（1）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则是定语从綼tion:
一、用适当的关系代词填空：
1. He lent me a thousand dollars, _________ was exactly the amount I needed.
2. The proposal ________ we have to export more goods is to be disscussed at
the meeting.
3. Bungee jumping is a sport ________ a person makes a vertical jump from a high platform with a rubber rod cord tied to their ankles so that they bounce.
4. ________ was expected, their team failed in the competition because of insufficient preparations.
5. The waterfalls, the largest of _________ is like a semicircle, are 670 meters wide, and fall 56 meters in an awesome white sheet of water.
6. _________ there is no fire, there is no smoke.
7. The 09 C. for which D. whose
9. Who _____ has seen the TV film doesn’t admire it?
A. that B. who C. which D. as%6ㄓ锎泳洌不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。试比较?br>The news that he had been back surprised us all.
The mews (that) he told us surprised us all.
5、way 后面的定语从句（用that/ in which 或省略）
Please tell me the way (that/ in which) you did the job.
Consolidation:
一、用适当的关系代词填空：
1. He lent me a thousand dollars, _________ was exactly the amount I needed.
2. The proposal ________ we have to export more goods is to be disscussed at
the meeting.
3. Bungee jumping is a sport ________ a person makes a vertical jump from a high platform with a rubber rod cord tied to their ankles so that they bounce.
4. ________ was expected, their team failed in the competition because of insufficient preparations.
5. The waterfalls, the largest of _________ is like a semicircle, are 670 meters wide, and fall 56 meters in an awesome white sheet of water.
6. _________ there is no fire, there is no smoke.
7. The question ________ we’ll put off the meeting remains to be discussed.
8. I’ve just finished reading a poem ________ meaning is completely beyond me.
9. Compared to _________ the girl is now today, she showed no confidence then especially in front of the public.
10. Hope Project got another donation of one million yuan with ________ to assist more poor children back to school.
二、单项选择填空：
1. Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago?
A. where B. when C. that D. what
2. He keeps a record of everything ________ he had seen there.
A. where B. that C. which D. what
3._____ breaks the rules should be punished.
A. Those who B. Who C. Anyone who D. The one
4. I’ll remember the time _____ we spent together in the country.
A. that B. when C. during which D. at which
5. Only those ______ knew well could be let in.
A. that B. he C. who D. which
6. The result of the experiment was very good, _____ we hadn’t expected.
A. as B. that C. which D. what
7. _____is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
8. The book, _____ the cover is broken, is not mine.
A. of it B. of which C. for which D. whose
9. Who _____ has seen the TV film doesn’t admire it?
A. that B. who C. which D. as
10. It’s a matter of _____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
11. I don’t like the way _____ he looks at me .
A. in that B. which C. of which D. /
12. The thought of going back home was ____ kept him happy while he was working abroad.
A. that B. all that C all what .D. which
13. The village has developed a lot _____ we learned farming two years ago.
A. when B. on which C. that D. where
14. I don’t know the number of people ______ this happens is very large.
A. whom B.to whom C. of which D. which
15.-where did you get to know her?
-It was on the farm _____ we worked.
A. that B. there C.which D. where
16. The students in Tianjin are using the same teaching books _____ we are now using.
A. whose B. as C. which D. that
17. . It was twelve o’clock _____ they arrived home.
A. since B. which C. that D. when
18. I think you have got to the point ______ a change is needed, otherwise you’ll fail.
A. when B. that C. where D. which
19. The meeting was put off, ______ was exactly _____ we wanted.
A. it, that B. as, that C. which, what D. this , what
20. I will hire the man ______ they say is a good English speaker.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
21. The brave man, ______ the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.
A. of whom B. by that C. by whom D. by which
22. The old lady, ______ had been killed in the war , was given help by the local government.
A. all whose children B. all of whose children
C. whose all the children D. all of her children
23. The book was written in 1946 , ______ the education system has witnessed great changes.
A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when
24. The village _____ we see today is no longer _____ it was a decade ago.
A. that, that B. which, how C. /, what D. what, which
25. . My hometown is no longer the one ____ she used to be.
A. whom B. that C. who D. which
26. I don’t know the reason _____ you were absent from the meeting , but I am sure that someone will tell me the reason ______ you haven’t told me.
A. why, that B. that, why C. because, which D. of which, that
27. Many old people like to live _____ there are many trees and flowers.
A. in which B. in that C. which D. where
28. The bike ______ I spent 400 yuan has been stolen.
A. in which B. on which C. for it D. which
29 Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the day _____ they swam in it.
A. that B. who C. where D. when
30.Henry Adams, for ____money was now not a problem, wanted to stay in an expensive hotel.
A. whom B. whose C. his D. which
31. I have many friends, _____ few are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which C. of who D. of whom
32. _____ the house Mr Zhang has been broken into?
A.when was it that B. when has C. Has D. Had
33. He has directed more than 20 films , but only a few of _____ were successful.
A. which B. those C. them D. these
34. There isn’t so much noise in the country _____ in big cities.
A. as B. where C. which D. that
35. Have you asked her for the reason _____ may explain her absence?
A. why B. that C. what D. because that
三、将下列句子转换成含有定语从句的复合句。
1. China is a developing country, with Beijing as its capital.
China is a developing country, __________________________.
2. The thief, having been caught slipping into the bank, was arrested by the police.
The thief, __________________________________., was arrested by the police.
3. It is known to us all that light travels faster than sound.
___________________, light travels faster than sound.
4. There are lots of birds flying south for winter every year.
There are lots of birds ____________________________.
5. The Hope School has been set up where a wasteland used to be.
The Hope School has been set up __________________________.
6. That stone is so heavy that no one can remove it away.
That is such a heavy stone ________________________.
答案：
一、用适当的关系代词填空：
which that where(in which) As which
Where whether whose what which
二、单项选择填空：
1~20 CBCAB CDBAA DBDBD BDCDA
21~35 CBDCB ADBDA DCCAB
三、将下列句子转换成含有定语从句的复合句。
1. China is a developing country, whose capital is Beijing.
2. The thief, who had been caught slipping into the bank, was arrested by the police.
3.As is known to us all, light travels faster than sound.
4. There are lots of birds that fly south for winter every year.
5. The Hope School has been set up in the place which used to be a wasteland.
6. That is such a heavy stone as no one can remove away.
篇3：名词性从句 教案教学设计(译林牛津版英语高一)
Point out the function of each noun in the following sentences:
1.The world loves nature. （subject，object）
2.Knowledge is power . （subject， predicative）
3.We Chinese are peace-loving.(apposition)
名词性从句
名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
His job is important.What he does is important
This is his job.This is what he does every day
I don’t like his job。 I don’t like what he does every day.
I don’t know about the man, Mr. White I don’t know about the fact that he is Mr.White.
That the earth is round is right.
I want to know whether he comes or not.
Pay attention to what I said.
The reason is that he was late for school.
The fact that he died made us sad.
如何判断从句的类别？根据从句的位置判断。
①主语从句（从句位于动词前作主语）(it 做形式主语放于句首，主从放句末)
②宾语从句（从句位于动词后或介词，adj作宾语）
③表语从句（从句位于系动词之后作表语）
④同位语从句（从句位于特殊的名词如idea,fact,news等后
补充说明前面的名词）
Ⅰ指出下列各名词性从句的种类
At lunchtime, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.
She wondered if the buses would still be running.
The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.
When we will start is not clear.
I had no idea that you were her friend.
名词性从句中的连接词有:
连词: that / whether / as if(though);
连接代词: what / who/ which / whose /
whatever / whoever / whomever
/ whichever，
连接副词: where / when / why / how
/ wherever / whenever
Ⅱ句型转换（1.判断主句，从句 2.看主句是否完整，不完整，则用从句补充，若完整则从句代替其中一个成分）
1.They are good doctors. He told us.
He told us that they were good doctors.
2. He hadn’t said anything at the meeting. The fact surprised us.
The fact that he hadn’t said anything at the meeting surprised us.
总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变成名词性从句用that引导。（that无意义，不做成分）
3.Does your sister get up early? Do you know?
Do you know if/ whether your sister gets up early?
4.Do animals have the same senses as humans? I often wonder.
I often wonder if/ whether animals have the same senses as humans.
总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，变成名词性从句用if或whether引导。
5.When did he buy this new bike? Could you tell me?
Could you tell me when he bought this new bike?
6.My question is this: where will the lecture be given?
My question is where the lecture will be given.
总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。
总结：名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。另外，一般情况下，名词性从句均看作单数概念。由what引导的一般看后面的表语。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。
1.What we need is more time.
2.What we need are more English dictionaries.
Ⅲ 改错
1.That the earth turns around the sun are known to all.
2.When the meeting will be held haven’t been known yet.
3.I didn’t know that you will come.
4.He said that he is writing a story.
5.Could you tell me when will he arrive?
6.You can begin to see why does English have such strange rules.
主语从句
连词（除了 as if ,because）
if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
Whether he will come on Wednesday is not certain. 不用if
it 做形式主语(由连词 whether , 连接代词 what,who,which 和连接副词 when,where,why,how 等引导.也常常后置:
It’ possible/important/necessary/clear… that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…
It’s said/ reported… that..据说/据报道…
It’s announced/declared that..已经通知/宣布…
It seems/appears/happens.. that…显然、明显、碰巧..
It’s no wonder that…并不奇怪/无疑…It’s a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知）
/ a common saying….（俗话说）
3.主语从句中 ，谓语动词一般用单数What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定
What he needs _is_ that book.
What he needs _are_ some books
When and where we meet hasn’t been decided.
When we meet and where we meet haven’t been decided.
4主语从句的 “that”不能省。
宾语从句
连词（除了as if ,because）
由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略)
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
I heard that be joined the army.
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
但是：He told me (that) he would attend the international maths Olympic competition and that he would win the gold medal.
2.Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .
Let’s see if /whether we can find out some information about that city .
表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。
a. 主语从句
b. 表语从句
c. 同位语从句
d. 介词后的宾语从句
e.后接动词不定式 (whether to do sth.)
f .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.
3. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.
4. I don’t know ___________ he is well or not.
5. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.
6. I don’t know _______ to go.
3.时态.与主句相呼应： 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）
I know he lives here .
I know he lived here ten years ago .
I have heard that he will come tomorrow
如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）
I knew who lived here.
I saw she was talking with her mother.
He asked whether his father would come back
tomorrow.
He said that he had seen it .
当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the sun travels around the earth .
4 it 可以作为形式宾语think，believe，find， make, consider, feel
I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.
5否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：
I don’t think he will come.
表语从句(可用as if ,because)不用if
The question is whether we can rely on him.
That’s because we were in need of money at that time .
He looked as if he was going to cry .
That’s why I was late .
That’s why + 结果
That’s because+原因
He is ill. That’s why he is absent.
He is absent. That’s because he is ill.
同位语从句（不用if ,because, as if）
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导
He gave me a promise that he would buy a new car for me.
I have no idea whether he will come.
That 引导的同位语从句与定从的区别
The fact that he said nothing surprised everyone present.
The fact that he sais surprised everyone present.
(1)同位语从句--同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系，对名词进行补充说明
定语从句 --定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对名词进行修饰，加以限定
(2) 同位语从句--that 只起连接作用，不作任何成分
定语从句 -- that 是关系代词，起连接作用和充 当宾语和主语
名词性从句中连词选择“三步法”
“一分二划三看”
一、“一分”即分清从句类型
二、“二划”即划分出从句（用括号表示从句）
（1）(That the erath is round) is true.（主语从句）
v
（2）Do you know（where he lives）?（宾语从句）
v
（3）My opinion is (that you should not go alone) .（表语从句）
v
（4）I don’t like the idea (that money is everything).（同位语从句）
n
三、“三看”即看从句句意是否完整：
1、句意不完整→缺连接代词 ①人 who,whoever（主语）
whom,whomever（宾语）
②物 what,whatever（主语、宾语）
which,whichever（主语、宾语）
2、句意完整
（1）缺连接副词 ：
①时间：when；②地点：where,wherever；③原因：why；④方式：how。
（2）缺不作成份的连词 ①有含义：if 、wherther（是否）；②无含义：that
篇4：语法复习五：情态动词 学案设计(译林牛津版英语高一)
1 情态动词的语法特征
1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2） 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。
2 比较can 和be able to
1）can could 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could),
只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2）只用be able to
a. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.
= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
注意：could不表示时态
1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。
--- Could I have the television on?
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.
2）在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
He couldn't be a bad man.
他不大可能是坏人。
3 比较may和might
1） 表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。
May God bless you!
He might be at home.
注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。
2） 成语： may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为“不妨”。
If that is the case, we may as well try.
典型例题
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
答案B. 表可能性只能用may. 此句意可从后半句推出。
4 比较have to和must
1) 两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.
3） 在否定结构中： don't have to 表示“不必”
mustn't 表示“禁止”，
You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
5 must表示推测
1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定”。
2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）
He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较：
He must be staying there.
他现在肯定呆在那里。
He must stay there.
他必须呆在那。
3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。
4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。
---Why didn't you answer my phone call?
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.
5) 否定推测用 can't。
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。
6 表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：
1）情态动词+动词原形。
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.
2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3）情态动词+动词完成时。
表示对过去情况的推测。
We would have finished this work by the end of next December.
明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。
表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
Your mother must have been looking for you.
你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如 can, may。
7 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth 表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2) must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有“肯定”，“谅必”的意思。
--- Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.
---She must have gone by bus.
3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth
本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。
You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4) needn't have done sth 本没必要做某事
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.
5) would like to have done sth 本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.
8 should 和ought to
should 和ought to 都为“应该”的意思，可用于各种人称。
---Ought he to go?
---Yes. I think he ought to.
表示要求，命令时，语气由 should（应该）、had better最好）、must（必须）渐强。
9 had better表示“最好”
had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。
had better do sth
had better not do sth
It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.
She'd better not play with the dog.
had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为“本来最好”。
You had better have come earlier.
10 would rather表示“宁愿”
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather… than… 宁愿……而不愿。
还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示“宁愿”、“宁可”的意思。
If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.
I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.
典型例题
---- Shall we go skating or stay at home?
----Which ___ do?
A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather
答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为“宁愿”，本题为疑问句， would 提前，所以选B。
11 will和would
注意：
1）would like； Would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。
Would you like to go with me?
2）Will you…? Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。
Would you like some cake?
3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
Won't you sit down?
12 情态动词的回答方式
问句 肯定回答 否定回答
Need you…? Yes, I must. No,I needn't
Must you…? /don't have to.
典型例题
1）---Could I borrow your dictionary?
---Yes, of course, you____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
答案C.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。复习： will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。
2）---Shall I tell John about it?
---No, you ___. I've told him already.
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
答案A。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。
3）---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---______.
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't
答案B. will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表“意愿、意志、决心”，本题表示决心，选B。
13 带to 的情态动词
带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to，为六个。它们的疑问，否定形式应予以注意：
Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?
She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
You ought not to have told her all about it.
Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?
ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。
典型例题
Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A.have told B.tell C.be telling D. having told
答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用 have。
14 比较need和dare
这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。
1) 实义动词： need （需要, 要求）
need + n. / to do sth
2) 情态动词： need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。
Need you go yet?
Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.
3) need 的被动含义：need, want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动：
need doing = need to be done
语法经典练习：
1. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give
2. Jenny______ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must B. should C. need D. would
3. . -Could I borrow your dictionary?
-Yes, of course you_________
A. might B. will C. can D. should
4. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ______ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
5. -Shall I tell John about it?
-No, you ______ . I've told him already.
A. needn't B. wouldn't
C. mustn't D. shouldn't
6. ─There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
─ It______ a comfortable journey.
A. can't be B. shouldn't be
C. mustn't have been D. couldn't have been
7. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack______ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
8. .When he was there, he______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work
every day.
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
9. .Sir, you _____ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. oughtn't toB. can't
C. won't D. needn't
10. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
11. --When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
--They _____be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
12. .--I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
--Oh, did you? You_ ____with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay
C. would stay D. must have stayed
13. －Will you stay for lunch?
－Sorry,＿＿＿＿＿ ,My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn'tB.I can't C. I needn't D.I won't
14. Sorry I'm late. I ______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might B. should C. can D. will
15. I should have been there, but I _______ not find the time.
A. would B. could C. might D. should
16. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture.
A. couldn't have attendedB. needn't have attended
C. mustn't have attendedD. shouldn't have attended
17. --- Are you coming to Jeff's party?
--- I'm not sure. I ________go to the concert instead.
A．must B．would C．should D．might
18. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _________ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?
A．can B．should C．may D．must
19 He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ________ a goal.
A．had scored B．scored
C．would scoreD．would have scored
20. -Write to me when you get home.
-_________
A．I must B．I should C．I will D．I can
21. I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word.
A. mustn't leave B. Shouldn't have left
C. Couldn't have left D. needn't leave
22. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I______ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t cut B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eatenD. mustn’t eat
23. --I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
--It _____ be true because there was little snow there.
A may not be B won’t be C couldn’t be D mustn’t be
24. It has been announced that candidates_____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A canB willC mayD shall
25. A left-luggage office is a place where bags ______ be lefe for a short time, especially in a railway station.
A. should B. can C. must D. will
26. --- I don't mind telling you what I know.
--- You . I'm not asking you for it.
A. mustn't B. may not C. can't D. needn’t
27. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _____ report it to the police?
A. shouldB. may C. willD. can
28. Mr.White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t’ show up.
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
29. You ______ be tired - you've only been working for an hour.
A. must not B. won' tC. can' tD. may not
30. - Who is the girl standing over there ?
- Well , if you know , her name is Mabel.
A. may B. canC. must D. shall
Keys:
1-5 ABCCA 6-10 DCAAD
11-15 BABAB 16-20 ADADC
21-25 BCCDB 26-30 DAACC
篇5：unit 1 复习教学案一体化(译林牛津版高一英语必修三教案教学设计)
M3 Unit 1
邹超 王修潭 徐爱俊
一：短语互译：
1．看得到、在视力范围内 2．抬头凝视
3．报达、偿还 4．由于．．．．．而呆住
5．充分利用 6．忽视某事 _________
7．避免做某事 8．取得进步 ________
9．突然、猛地 10．不小心撞着某物
11．a piece of jewellery 12．hit the shark on the nose
13．make one’s way to s.p. 14．rest on
15．be likely to do sth 16．observe sb do sthdoing sth
17．observe the traffic rules 18．The tall man was nowhere to be seen.
19．run that far 20．reach out for sth
二．填词题
1．Although our sense of sight is over used , our senses of touch and smell are often i .
2. I’m sure something will be done to r air pollution.
3. The doctor said that his lung cancer was l to smoking.
4. The harder you study .the quicker p you will make.
5. No matter how you read it, this sentence doesn’t make any s .
6. The sudden bang (僵住 ) the man and he dropped the gun .
7. This work costs us nothing．It’s all done by( 自愿者).
8. The telephone poles were fixed (牢牢地 )in the ground.
9. The parcel was sent to the worng （目的地）.
10（幸运的, she was in when I called .
三：选择题
1 My computer ________ work any longer .
A won’t B shouldn’t C couldn’t D wouldn’t
2 Is it Mr Green _______ runs an organization_______ he wishes for
more help for children ?
A who, that B that , which C who , where D that , as
3 If humans continue to pollute the environment , more serious problems
will _______
A result in B result from C result D cause
4________ explaining to us how to do it , he also did the work together with us .
A In addition to B Despite C In spite of D Instead of
5 You’d better keep the medicine _______ children can’t find it .
A in which B when C where D that
6 With their work _______ , the workers returned home for supper .
A being done B done C do D doing
7 Americans will never forget the day Sep.11, a sad day , _______ two planes
crashed into the World Trade Towers , ______ is always reminding them of
thousands of deaths and ________it happened .
A when , which, how B which , that , that
C when , as , what D that , which , which
8 The western development has_______ plenty of jobs .
A invented B developed C discovered D created
9 It was dark everywhere , and the rain _______ our difficulty .
A added to B resulted from C turned out D make up
10 It was ________star that you will find it very difficult to notice it .
A such little a B such little C so little a D so a little
11 Eventually they found someone who ________ the plane.
A took control B took the control of
C took control of D had taken the control of
12 It is a fact known to all________ everyone has to eat to live .
A That B which C of which D what
13 When he decides to do a job , he always finds ______ hard to decide which
job________
A it ,to be done B that , to do C it , to do D that , he does
14 The earthquake made itself _______ as far as in another country .
A feel B feeling C felt D to be felt
15 It is ______ that people will keep trying to find new ways ______
the global warming .
A certain , of stopping B sure , of stopping
C certain , in stopping D sure ,to stop
16_____we were excited about was _______we had won the match .
A That , how B That , whether C What , that D What , whether
17 Everyone else says we should set off earlier . That is _______ I disagree .
A what B where C which D why
18 People wonder whether things in this country will________ in the near future .
A rise up B hold on C pick up D hang out
19 My hometown is no longer _______ it was when I was in my teens , _______
seriously polluted .
A what , when B that , which C what , which D which , that
20 He gained his_______ by printing ________ of famous poets .
A wealth ; work B wealths ; works C wealths ; work D wealth ; works
四、完成句子
1．他没有时间观念。
He .
2 ．我们中的三个人去，其余的人留在家里 。
will go , and staying at home.
3 ．在晚上那个 弃的男孩睡在一个庙里。
At night , that slepttemple .
4．当她走进教室，他匆匆瞥了她一眼。
He her as she ______the classroom.
5．周末有可能弄到票吗？
Is there any ________ at the weekend ?
6．不知道这种花你们叫什么。
I wonder______ ________ ________ ________ _______.
7．她突然的到来把我们所有的计划全打乱了。
Her arrival_______ _______ _________ __________ .
8．你认识背着婴儿的那个女士
Do you know the lady with ______ ________ ________ ________ _______?
9．在那次宴会上，他放开肚子拼命地吃。
He ate _____ ______ ______ ________ _______ at the dinner.
10．他们是那么小的孩子还不能自理。
They are childeren that they can’t _______ ________ ______.
一：
1． In sight 2. star up at 3. pay back 4 .be frozen with 5. make the most of 6. ignore sth 7. avoid doing 8. make progress 9. all of a sudden 10 . bang into
11.一件珠宝 12。 击中鲨鱼的鼻子 13。 前往 14。 依
15． 可能做某事 16。 观察某人做某事 17。 遵守交通规则 18。 那个高个子男人哪儿也看不见 19. 跑那么远 20. 伸手去拿
二： 1。 Ignored 2. reduce 3. linked 4. progress 5. sense 6. frozen 7. volunteers 8. firmly 9. destination 10 . Fortunately
三：AACAC BADAC CACCA CBCAD
四：1. has no sense of time 2. Three of us the rest are 3. deserted boy in a deserted 4. gave a quick glance entered
5. chance of getting the tickets 6. what you call these flowers 7 unexpected confused all plans 8. a baby on her back 9. as much as he could 10. such little look after themselves
篇6：2006洪泽二中高一年级英语期末复习教学案（模块三第三单元）(译林牛津版高一英语必修三教案教学设计)
Unit Three (Module III)
I. 重点单词
1. 文明 2. 讲座 3. 爆发 4.不幸地
5. 埋葬 6. 主管,负责人 7. 毁坏,摧毁 8. 富有的
9. 商业的 10. 渐渐地 11. 文化的 12. 机构,研究所
13.材料,物质 14. 文献,文件 15. 木制的 16.解决办法
17.担心的,关心的 18. 市民的 19.爆炸
20. 总统 21.共和国 22. 混乱 23.影响
24.推翻 25.形成 26. 重新统一 27.下沉
28.忠实地,忠诚地
II. 重点词组
1. 赢得这次旅行的一个名额感到很幸运
2. 作为……很出名 3. 被活埋
4 被任命为总指挥 5. 每逢雨天
6. 想像做某事 7. 埋在沙子下面的建筑物遗址
8. 阻止某人做某事 9. 被选为加拿大代表
10. 第一个做某事的人 11. 参与做某事
12. 经过保护的一个妇女尸体
13. 使某事取得极大的成功 14. 使某人发狂
15. 本（不）该做某事 16. 影响…….发展
17. 成立时以长安作为其首都
18. 在使用中 19. 设法做成某事
20. 作为……的回报 21. 在接下来的一年中
22. 经过困难的时期/光 23. 接管
24. 处于良好的状况 25. 在（上）船上（机、车上）
26. 纪念 27. 对……关心/担心
28.到……为止
III. 重点原句（注意划线部分）
1. I feel lucky to have won a place on this trip.
2. Next week we are flying to China, and going to Loulan, which is known as China’s Pompeii.
3. Unfortunately, all the people were buried alive, and so was the city.
4. The city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century.
5. Fiorelli was made director of the Pompeii dig.
6. So you didn’t have to step in the mud in the streets on rainy days!
7. It is believed by many people to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD200…
8. Sven found the remains of buildings buried under the sand.
9. Even that didn’t prevent the city from being buried by sand---What a pity!
10. I was so excited to be picked to represent Canada.
11. In 1980 I was involved in discovering the preserved body of a woman.
12. His work has made the discovery of Loulan a huge success.
13. Not only was Rome a city and a republic, but it was also to become the capital of one of the largest empires in history.
14. The Han Dynasty was founded with Chang’an as its capital city.
15. What is interesting is that the other largest city was Rome.
16. Chinese people managed to travel further, introducing silk, china, etc.
17. In return for silk, China received wine, spices, wool and other goods.
18. In the following hundred years both Rome and China had a difficult time.
【即学即练】
I.单项选择
1. We didn’t expect that Sara was made _____ of the Students’ Union.
A. chairman B. a chairman C. the chairman D. chairmen
2. The noise of the planes taking off and landing time and time again nearly_____ the people around the airport mad.
A. left B. kept C. drove D. caused
3. The visiting guests sent us some of the pictures drawn by the students of theirs schools, and we sent them some of our calligraphy_____.
A. in return B. in turn C. by turn D. for return
4. The general manager has to retire due to his illness. Who do you think will_____ the business?
A. take in B. take up C. take on D. take over
5. Mike woke up to find himself _____ by flowers, which he later found out came from the ______ villages.
A. surrounding; surrounded B. surrounded; surrounding
C. surrounded; surrounded D. surrounding; surrounding
6. We should never forget the days_____ China was invaded and many people were buried_____.
A. when; live B. which; alive
C. when; alive D. which; living
7. The government has taken some measures to prevent more trees from_____.
A. cutting down B. cut down.
C. being cut down D. been cut down
8.Yesterday evening I tried to call you, but I couldn’t get through as the telephone was always in _____.
A. need B. use C. case D. addition
9. Now ______ as a hero for the journey into outer space, Yang Liwei has earned much respect from people all over the world.
A. knowing B. being known
C. known D. having known
10.The government is considering the environment-friendly plan which some scientists would like to see______ soon.
A. to be carried out B. be carried out
C. carrying out D. carried out
11.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _____ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
12.The murder was brought in, with his hands _____ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
13.Either you or the headmaster_____ the prize to these gifted students at the meeting.
A. is handing out B. are to hand out
C. are handing out D. is to hand out
14.One-third of the area _____ covered with green trees. About seventy percent of the trees ______ been planted.
A. are; have B. is; has C. is; have D. are; has
15.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains_____ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
II. 单词拼写
1． Many famous buildings such as the Great Wall and the Summer Place can represent the ancient c___________ of China.
2． The garden that was once so beautiful was d___________ in the flood.
3． Since the law of wildlife protection came into effect, the number of the milu deer has grown g_____________ year by year.
4． Manhattan is well known as the c____________ centre of America.
5． He grew up in a w___________ family, so he knows nothing about the life of the poor.
6． Many American p____________ served in Congress before they have the highest political position.
7． The __________(残留物) of lunch were still on the table.
8． He committed the crime under the __________(影响) of a strong passion.
9． The party is in complete ____________(混乱) after its election defeat.
10. There are some _____________(相似处) between the two poets.
11. America ___________( 宣布) war on Japan in 1941.
12．_______________(不幸地), Karen got seriously injured in a car accident on her way home.
III. 翻译句子
1.I consider myself______________________________________(很幸运有机会参观印度)
2. __________________________________________(他烟酒不沾), but is still in bad health.
3. 我从公共汽车上下来时，发现钱包被偷了。
When I got off the bus I _________________________.
4.我们能做什么来防止这种疾病的蔓延？
What can we do _______________________?
5.这家图书馆是为了纪念那位科学家而建的。
The library was built _____________________ the scientist
6. Peter 很友好， 作为回报我们给他送了一份漂亮的礼物。
We gave Peter a nice present__________________ his kindness.
Key: I. 1~5 ACADB 6~10 CCBCD 11~15 BDDCB
II. 1 civilization 2 destroyed 3gradually 4 commercial 5 wealthy
6 presidents 7 remains 8 influence 9 confusion 10 similarities
11 declared 12 Unfortunately/Unluckily
III. 1.lucky to have the chance to visit India 2. He neither smokes nor drinks 3. I found my wallet stolen 4. to prevent the disease from spreading?/the spread of the disease 5. in memory/ honour of the scientist 6. in return for his kindness
★ 名词性从句练习题
★ 名词性从句讲义
★ module1 unit1 教案 (译林牛津版英语高一)
★ Lost Civilization教案 (译林牛津版英语高一)
语法复习三：名词性从句 学案设计(译林牛津版英语高一)（通用6篇）
