“快速移动的大象”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了7篇江苏省黄桥中学语法讲义情态动词 学案设计(人教版英语高一)，以下是小编整理后的江苏省黄桥中学语法讲义情态动词 学案设计(人教版英语高一)，希望能够帮助到大家。
- 目录
篇1：江苏省黄桥中学语法讲义情态动词 学案设计(人教版英语高一)
何学群
一概述
1. 英语中助动词主要有两类：一是基本助动词，如have, do, be；二是情态助动词。
2. 情态动词与其他动词连用表示说话人的语气。情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。
3. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
4. 情态动词的用法可分为4个大类：本义，规劝，推测，和责备（虚拟）用法
二 本义
A. 常用词：
1. may
1)表示请求、可以、允许; 否定答语要用must not,表示“不许可”、“不应该”、“不行”。
You may drive the tractor. 你可以开那台拖拉机。
May I come in? Yes, you may. No, you can’t (mustn’t, you’d better not.)
May I / we …？肯定回答: Yes, please/Certainly； Please don’t/No, you mustn’t.
“May we leave now?” “No, you mustn’t. You haven’t finished your home work yet.”
Might I trouble you for a light? “You may indeed.” “我可以向你借火吗？”“当然可以”
回答一般是 sure, certainly, of course,不能用might
2) 表祝愿 May you be happy! May you succeed！祝你成功！
2. must
1) 表示说话人的意志和义务。或要求对方必须作某事。
We must do everything step by step .我们必须按部就班地做一切事情。
You must be there on time. 你务必要按时到达那里。
2) 语气，“偏偏”
Why must you always bother me? 为什么你偏要打扰我呢。
3）must 的否定式：needn’t, don’t have to “不必”、“无须”、“用不着”、“不一定”。
must not “不应该”、“不许可”、“禁止”
--- Must I go tomorrow?明天我必须去吗？
--- Yes, please.是的, 请吧！No , you needn’t. 不，你不必去。
3 Shall
1）用于一、三人称疑问句、表征求对方意见或向对方请求。
-Shall he come in? - Come in, please. -可以让他进来吗？-请进。
What shall I wear on the journey? 我路上穿什么好呢？
Shall we dance? 我们跳舞好吗？
Shall he come to see you? 要不要他来看你？
2）用于二、三人称，表示保证、承诺、威胁、警告。
You shall be punished if you insist on doing it this way. 如果你坚持这样做就会受到惩罚。
If he passes the exam he shall have a holiday.
The law shall come into effect on May 1st.
注： 用于第一人称表将来，理解为助动词用法
I shall go to work after I have finished school. 毕业后，我会去工作。
4. should
1)表达说话人的感情如惊奇、愤怒、失望、竟然等，常用在why , how开头的疑问句中或that 引导的从句中
Why should you be so late? 为什么你竟这么晚？
How should I know?我怎么会知道？
I'm sorry that you should think so badly of me. 你竟把我想得那么坏，我感到遗憾。
You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.
你不能想象行为端正的男士会对一个女士如此粗鲁。
I didn’t expect that he should have behaved like that. 我无法想象他竟然这样做。
I am sorry that she should be so careless. 我感到遗憾她竟会那样粗心。
2)一般不应被认为是情态动词shall的过去式，主要用法有：
A. 用于第一人称疑问句中询问对方的意愿，但语气较委婉温和，如：
What should we do now? 我们现在该怎么办？
B. 表示应该、必须，常与must 换用。例如：
We should (must) master a foreign language at least. 我们应当至少掌握一门外语。
It is suggested that he should go there by air. 建议他乘飞机去那里。
5. need
考试中主要测试 need 作情态动词与作实义动词的区别，need 作情态动词时，后面跟动词原形，即 “need do”。通常用在疑问句和否定句中，表示询问是否有“必要”，其否定形式为needn’t，表示“不必”；疑问形式为 Need … do? 极少用于肯定句。
1）I don’t think we need turn the light on at that time.
2）Need you ride a bike to school?
6. will
1) will作情态动词，表示意愿、习惯等。
It will be highly appreciated if you will send us your latest price list.
Boys will be boys. 男孩子究竟是男孩子。
No matter what you say, he will always argue with you. 不管你说什么，他总是和你争论。
A wise man changes his mind, a fool never will. 聪明人能随机应变，傻瓜是不会的。
2) 用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中，表示对对方的请求，would的语气比will委碗
Would/will you kindly tell me the way to the station? 请问到火车站怎么走？
Will/would you please do...,Would you like to do...,Would you mind doing...都表示建议、询问、请求
Will you please pass me a cup of tea? Would you like me to give you a hand?
This box is too heavy, ____give me a hand? (CET-4 1998,1)
A) would you mind B) would you please C) will you like to D) will you please to
3）表示意志，决心或愿望。例如：
Surely we will support all the people in the world in their struggle for peace.
我们一定要支持全世界人民争取和平的斗争。
He would not let me try it . 他不肯让我去试。
4）will表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性，would表示过去的习惯行为。
He will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.
他会经常一连几个小时坐在那儿观看来往的车辆。
Water will boil at 100℃. 水在摄氏100度时总是要沸腾的。
He would come to see me when he was in Beijing. 他在北京时，常来看望我。
On Sundays he would get up early and go fishing.
7. can (could) 表能力;
1) can表能力时意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以无甚阻力地去做某事。
I can climb this pole. 我能爬这根杆子。 Fire can’t destroy gold. 火烧不毁金子。
He is only four , but he can read. 他只有4岁，但已认得字了。
I could swim when I was only six. 我刚六岁就能游泳。
2) 允许（和may意思相近，委婉语气could）
Can (May) I come in ? 我能进来吗？Can I smoke here ? 我可以在这里抽烟吗？
Could I give you dinner one of these days? 这几天我请你吃顿饭行吗？
回答: yes, please; Yes, of course you can.
No, you mustn't /cannot/ may not 不用could
8. ought to
Ought to 后接动词原形，表义务，但不及must 那样具有信心，如：
You don’t look well. You ought to go to see the doctor. 你气色不好，应该去看病。
Ought to 用于否定句，其否定形式可缩略为oughtn’t ，如：
You oughtn’t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。
也可以用于疑问句： Ought you to smoke so much?你应该抽这样多烟吗？
Ought to 在间接引语中表过去时形式不变：
He said you ought to tell the police. 他说你应该去报告警察。
B. 要注意的几对词
1. can 和 be able to
1) can 与 be able to表示能力：can (could)表示主观能力，不表示意愿，
My grandma is over seventy, but she can still read without glasses.
He is able to give up his bad habits.
2) Can表示一贯的能力 ，be able to表示客观能力和通过努力可以达到的能力
I can’t swim. But I am sure I will be able to swim through more practicing.
The fire spread through the hotel, but everyone was able to get out
When the boat sank he was able to swim to the bank
3)表示将来式时，表具体做某一件事的能力时，则须用 be able to
You will be able to skate after you have practiced it two or three times.你练习两三次后就会溜冰了。
He was able to translate the article without a dictionary. 他可以不用词典翻译那篇文章。
2. must 和 have to “必须”
（1）must 强调“内在的职责”、“义务”，而have to 强调“外界压力”、“不得已而为之”。
You must come to the classroom before eight.
It is raining hard outside, but I have to leave now.
I must clean the room.（主观想法） I have to clean the room.（客观需要）
（2）have to多种时态，must一般用于现在时，其过去时had to, 将来时shall / will have to.
We had to be there at ten .我们得在十点钟到那里。
We will have to reconsider the whole thing. 这一切我们将不得不重新加以考虑。
（3） must否定回答，不用mustn’t，而用needn’t或don’t have to
“Must we do it now?” “No, you needn’t.”
3. Need 和dare： 考试中主要测试作情态动词和作实义动词的区别。
a. 有无助动词
b. 词尾有无s(need 除外，因为一般不用于陈述句)
⑴need 作情态动词，表示“需要”，只用于否定句和疑问句中，无人称和数的变化。
We needn't go there tomorrow. 我们不必明天去那里。
Need I tell you all the details? 我需要把一切详情告诉你吗？
⑵dare作情态动词，通常用在否定句和疑问句中，无人称和数的变化。
He dare not do so. 他不敢那么做。
I dare not stand on the chair. 我不敢站在椅子上。
How dare you say such a thing? 你怎么敢说这种话？
⑶need作行为动词，与一般动词的变化相同, 后面接“to + 动词原形”。
Do I need to tell you all the details? 我需要把一切详情告诉你吗？
It needs to be done at once. 这件事需要马上做。
You don't need to worry about that. 你不必为那事担心。
You didn't need to come. 你当时没必要来。
dare 也可作行为动词, 用在肯定句中（I dare say除外）和疑问句中，后面都接“to +动词原形”，在否定句中有时带to, 有时不带to, 如：
I dared to do so. 我敢于这样做。
She dares to go out alone at night. 她晚上敢一人出去。
Did he dare to do so? 他敢这样做吗？
He did not dare (to ) do so. 他不敢这样做。
⑷惯用语：I dare say 表示“我想”、“大概”。（dare say 也可以连写）
There's something wrong with the radio, I dare say. 收音机恐怕有点毛病。
I daresay you are right. 我想你是对的。
C. 用作情态动词的其他短语: would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well
1）The soldier would sooner die than surrender(投降).
2）The brave soldier would as soon die as yield（屈服）to such an enemy.
3）I’d rather walk than take a bus.
4）If you don’t like to swim, you may just as well stay at home.
注：这些短语后一般直接跟动词原形.
would (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon后可跟that从句，that 常省去，从句要用虚拟语气。对现在和将来的假设用过去时，对过去的假设用过去完成时。例如：
1）I would rather you came on Sunday.
2）I would sooner you hadn’t asked me to speak yesterday.
二 规劝
1. 肯定：may(might), may/might (just) as well ,should,
2. 否定：may not, cannot, must not
You can not smoke in the bus. 公共汽车上不许吸烟。
Can't you do it tomorrow? 你不能明天做吗？
Students may not stay out after midnight. 学生午夜后不得在外逗留。
You mustn't play football in the street, children. 孩子们，不准在马路上踢球。
3. 有些短语：
may/might (just) as well “不妨，最好”，与had better相近；
Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train.
既然航班已经取消了，你不妨乘火车吧。相当于you had better go by train。
cannot / can’t…too …“越……越好，怎么也不过分”。变体：cannot…over…
You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.驾车时候，越小心越好。
The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be over emphasized.
三 推测：
一）．搞清楚两条线索：
1．意义上分为肯定的推测和否定的推测两种；
must , will, should, may, might , could表示可能性依次减小；
can’t, couldn’t, may not, might not不可能性依次减小
“I wonder how Tom knew about your past.” “He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.”
He must tell a lie. 他肯定是说谎。Can he tell a lie? 他会说谎吗？He can’t tell a lie. 他不会说谎的。
Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.
You couldn’t have met my grandmother. She died before you were born.
Could /Can it have happened last night ? 它在昨晚发生了吗？
It may rain tomorrow. 明天可能下雨。 (I'm told by the radio.)
What you said might be true. 你说的可能对。
She may be staying at home.
Anybody can make mistake.任何人都可能犯错误。
The weather here could be very cold in winter. 冬天这的天气有时很冷。
2 时间上分为现在，将来和过去
A) 现在：(一般情况和强调推测正在进行) (must be; must do; must be doing)
Can it be true? 这会是真的吗？
He must be playing basketball in the room.
B）过去：（一般情况和强调推测过去正在进行）(must have done; must have been doing)
“The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?”
“Tom could have taken it. He was alone yesterday.”
I can’t find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday.
What you referred to just now can have made her very sad. 你刚刚所谈到的可能令他很伤心。
He might not have settled the question. 他可能尚未解决那个问题。
She must have studied English before.她以前一定学过英语。
They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.
He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.
They are sweating all over. They must have been working in the fields.
They may have been discussing the problem this morning.
She couldn’t have been swimming all day.
Can they have won the basketball match？他们赢了那场篮球赛吗？
C）将来：参见下面具体的情态动词 (形式同现在)
注意：适当考虑时态变化 could, might等大多应认为是语气较弱。
Electric irons could be dangerous; they might give you a severe shock. 电熨斗会有危险, 可能电着人。
二） 其他具体的可能性：
1． can多用于否定与疑问结构中，但也可用在肯定句中,表示潜在的或理论上的可能性
Can the news be true? 这消息可能是真的吗？
It can’t be true. 它不可能是真的。
What can he possibly mean? 他可能是什么意思？
A house in the center of London can cost a lot of money.
Attending the ball can be very exciting.
The road can be blocked. 这条路可能会不通的。
may, might表示事实上的可能性。
The road may be blocked. 这条路可能不通了。
He may have done the work last night, didn’t he?
She may be staying at home.
对比：
The railways may be improved. =It is possible that the railways will be improved.
=Perhaps/Maybe/Possibly the railways will be improved.
铁路可能会得到改进。（意味着已有具体的改进计划或方案。）
The railways can be improved.=It is possible for the railways to be improved.
铁路可以得到改进。（意思是铁路还不完善，尚有问题存在。）
He looks pale. He may be ill.他脸色苍白，可能有病。
He is in poor health. He can be ill at any time.他体质很差，任何时候都有可能生病。
2．will表示说话人对将来和现在的预测，表示某种倾向和习惯性,尤其指在某个条件下。
I think he will be all right now. 我想他现在一定好了。
That would be his mother. 那肯定是他母亲。
Oil will float on water. 油浮在水面上。
He'll talk for hours if you give the chance. 如果给他机会，他会谈上几个小时。
3. must只用在肯定句中
He must be an honest boy. 他一定是个诚实的男孩。
He must have finished the work, hasn’t he?
He must be playing basketball in the room.
4. should (ought to)
表示很可能、预期的意思，指一种尝试性推论，是must的语气较弱的对应词，”应该会、一定---吧”。比较：Our guests must be home by now.(‘I am certain’)我们的客人现在一定到家了。
（根据他们动身的时间、路程远近、速度等具体条件，我能断定/肯定他们现在已经到家了。）
Our guests should(ought to) be home by now.(‘They probably are, but I’m not certain.)
我们的客人现在该到家了。（含义是我想他们很可能到家了，但我不能肯定”）
It's nearly seven o'clock.. Jack ____be here at any moment. (NMET95)
A .must B. need C. should D. can
三）表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成
He must be reading, isn’t he? 他肯定在读书，不是吗？
He must/may be in the room, isn’t he?
He can’t be in the room, is he？
You must do it yourself, don’t you? 你一定要自己做，不是吗？
He must have gone over the article, hasn’t he? 他一定已经检查了这篇论文，不是吗？
It must have rained last night, didn’t it? 昨晚一定下过雨了，不是吗？
Mary ______my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
[A] couldn’t have received[B] ought to have received
[C] has received [D] shouldn’t have received
四 责备: (虚拟语气)
1. 情态动词的选用考虑该词的本义
2．同样需要分清时间
A）现在：
You ought not to make fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.
在“It is natural (strange, natural, necessary, surprised, impossible, important ) that……”句型中，
在lest（以免）、for fear (that) (以防)、in case（以备万一）等之后也要用should+动词原形;
在advise, sugest, order, demand, request 等的从句中;
谓语动词要用should +动词原形, 表示“理所当然”、“奇怪”、“必要”、“惊异”等的意思。
It is necessary that he(should) be sent there at once. 有必要马上派他到那里去。
It is strange that he should say so. 他会说这样的话真是奇怪。
Let us go at once lest we should be late for the train. 我们马上走吧，以免赶不上火车。
B）过去：（情态动词+have done/been）
You should have come here five minutes earlier. 你应该早来5分钟的。
With all the work finished, I should have gone to the party last night.
You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today.
You needn’t have come over yourself.
I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.
我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划的很好，但实际上作者没有规划好，以至工作没有完成。
What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully.
I should have thought of that. 这一点我是应当想到的。（但没想到）
They should not have left so soon.他们不应当走得这么早。（但已走了）
You could have completed the task a little earlier. 你本来能早点完成任务的。
I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes.
我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。
例题：
As it turned out to be a small house party, we ______so formally.
[A] needn’t dress up [B]did not need have dressed up
[C] did not need dress up [D] needn’t have dressed up
C) 将来：常用在if 从句中，构成虚拟语气。
If it should/were to------, ____________________________.
If he should drop in, give him my message. 他如果来访，就把我的条交给他。
= Should he drop in, give him my message.
Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你如若见到她，让她给我打个电话。
If it should snow tomorrow , the meeting would be put off．如果明天下雪的话，运动会就会推迟。
Should it blow hard，we would not go out for a picnic．万一明天刮大风，我们就无法去野餐了。
五 注意点
1．当试题的前句和后句在动作和意义上相互补充说明，且整个句意在动作和时间上是一个整体时，我们可用“统一”关系来解决这样的试题。常见的结构有：
must have done： 表示对过去动作的肯定推测，常译作“一定做了……”，只能用于肯定句中。
can’t／couldn’t have done牱穸ㄐ问
Can／Could...have done﹖ 疑问式
could ／might have done：表示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测，常译作“可能做了……”。
例题：
1) Sorry I’m late．I ____have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again(北京 2000春)
A． mightB． should C． can D． will
该题前句说明了结果，后句接着说出了产生这种结果的可能性，对前句进行补充说明。
2) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he ____ your lecture．(上海 2000)
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended
该题前句叙说一个客观事实，后句对前句进行补充说明，分析选项可知C是错误的
3) Jack ＿＿＿＿ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me． (上海’97)
A. mustn’t have arrivedB. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived D. need not have arrived
2．当试题的前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时，常借助“but, however, instead”等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符，这时我们就可以用“对立”关系来解决这样的试题。常见的有：
should have done /ought to have done：表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。
should not have done /ought not to have done：表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。
need have done：表示过去本来有必要去做某事，但事实上没有做。
need not have done：表示过去本来没有必要做某事，但事实上却做了。
4) I was really anxious about you． You ______ home without a word． (NMET2001)
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
分析该题前后句之间的关系和语气可知，事实上是“本不应该离家出走却走了”
5) I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ______ for her． (NMET’94)
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
由句中的连词but可知前后句之间是对立关系
3. 容易混淆的形式：
1）should have done: 推测和责备
---I sent him a letter last Monday.
---Really? So I guess he _____ it by now.
A. should receive B. should have received C. will receive D. could receive
六 总结
一、考查情态动词的基本用法
一些常见情态动词的非常用意义往往为高考考查的焦点，考生须确切理解其含义并根据句子意思选择正确的情态动词。
例1：“The interest ______be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge. (2004重庆)
A. may B. should C. mustD. shall
例2：- The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?
- Of course. (2003北京春)
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
分析：上述两题均考查 shall的非常用含义，当shall用于一、三人称疑问句中时，表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
例3：He’s strange -- he ____ sit for hours without saying anything.
A. shall B. will C. can D. must
分析：will用来谈习惯和特性，尤其是不受时限必然发生的情况。本句意思为“他很怪，能一坐几个小时一句话也不说”。
例4：John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour？(2005全国Ⅲ)
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
例5：Tom, you _____leave all your clothes on the floor like this！(2005全国II)
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
分析：must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏要，硬要、干嘛”；而mustn’t则表示禁止、不允许，是说话人强有力的劝告。
例6：You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海)
A. might B. need C. should D. would
分析：在某些名词性从句中，should 表示惊异、意外等情绪，常译为“竟然”。
如：It seems unfair that this should happen to me. 真不公平，这件事竟然发生在我身上。
例7：_____it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
A. Should B. Would C. Could D. Must
分析：在条件状语从句中，should 表示“万一”，即可表示不能实现的假设，又可表示可以实现的假设。该句意思为“万一明天下雨，会议就延期。”
例8 -Is John coming by train﹖
-He should, but he ＿＿＿＿＿＿ not． He likes driving his car． (NMET2002)
A. must B. can C. needD. may
分析: mustn’t 表示“禁止、不准”；cannot 表示“不可能”；need not 表示“不必要”；may not 表示“可能不”。
例9 -I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins．________ I have a look﹖
-Yes, certainly． (北京2002春) A． Do B． May C． Shall D．Should
分析: 这是在征求对方的许可，may表示“允许、可以”，语气比较委婉 shall常用于第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中,表示征求对方意见和指示，如果此空用shall，则意为“要（我）看一下吗？”不符合上下文意思。
例10. I should have been there, but I ______ not find the time． (上海2000春)
A． would B．could C． might D． should
分析: 第二个分句表示过去的某种能力；C 项只表示语气上的可能性，与题意不符。
例11. Johnny, you ______ play with the knife, you ______hurt yourself． (NMET’96)
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
分析: mustn’t 表示“不可以；禁止”，分析题意可知第二个空表示某种可能性
例12 -Will you stay for lunch﹖
-Sorry, ______． My brother is coming to see me． (NMET’99)
A． I mustn’t B． I can’t C． I needn’t D． I won’t
分析: 因为“我弟弟要来看我”，所以“不能留下”，因此对别人的邀请或要求应给予礼貌的拒绝。A 项表示“禁止”；C项表示“不必要”；而D项表示“不会”，均不符合题意。
例13-Could I borrow your dictionary﹖
-Yes, of course you ＿＿＿＿＿．(MET’92)
A． might B． will C． can D. should
例14 --- When can I come for the photos﹖ I need them tomorrow afternoon．
--- They ______ be ready by 12:00． (NMET’98)
A. can B. should C. mightD. need
例15 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out．(NMET’97)
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
分析: 该题考查了could和be able to的区别，二者都可表示过去时间的能力，但如果表示过去成功地做了某事只能使用was /were able to do
例16 -Shall I tell John about it ﹖
-No, you _______． I’ve told him already． (NMET’94)
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
情态动词shall在试题中表示征询对方意见或请求指示。答句暗示 “没有必要了”
二、考查情态动词的推测用法
1、对现在或客观事实的推测
对现在或客观事实的肯定推测一般用must, will, should, may(might)或could，语气依次递减。
例17：Helen _____go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet. (2005安徽)
A. shall B. must C. mayD. can
例18：-I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
-It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green. (2005广东)
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be
例19：That, I think, ____ be all that I want to say.
A. canB. couldC. will D. ought to
分析：must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may(might)译为“也许、大概”，表示把握不大的推断，后面常跟but。could的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。
对现在或客观事实的否定推测，常用cannot译为“根本不可能”, 表示推测的语气非常肯定, may not, might not或could not译为“可能不”、“也许不”，表示推测的语气不很肯定。
例20：A left-luggage office is a place where bags ____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
A. should B. can C. mustD. will (2003全国卷)
例21：The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it ___be very slow.
A. should B. must C. willD. can (2005浙江)
分析： can 表示推测时常用于疑问和否定句中，用于肯定句中常常表示理论上的可能性，用来表达事件或情况可能发生(但并不牵涉到是否真的会发生)。
例22：You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers __not like the design of the furniture.
A. mustB. shall C. may D. need(2004上海春)
例23：--Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
--No, it _______ be him --I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. (2004全国Ⅰ)
A. can’t B. must not C. won’tD. may not
分析：might just as well表示“最好……，还是……为好”，说明喜欢的可能性不大；根据后面的I’m sure可以看出，推测的语气较强，故用can’t译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩，常用于否定语气较强时。
例24：Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？
A. can B. should C. mayD. must (2001上海春)
分析：对现在或客观事实的疑问推测, 用can或could，表惊异、怀疑、困惑、失望等感情色彩。
2、对过去事实的推测
对过去已发生事情的肯定推测常用 “must/may/might +have + v-ed”，“must+ have + v-ed”意思为“想必、准是、一定是”，语气非常肯定且只能用于肯定句，“may/might+ have + v-ed” 意思为“也许、或许”表示推测的把握不大，只能用于肯定或否定句，不用于疑问句；对过去的否定推测常用 “can/could /may’might not + have + v-ed”，意思为“不可能/可能没做过……”；对过去的疑问推测只用“can/could + have + v-ed”，意思为“可能已经……”。
例25：He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside.
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t(2005北京)
分析：根据后一分句判断，前一分句应该表示肯定完成了工作，故用“must+ have + v-ed”意思为“想必、准是、一定是”，语气非常肯定且只能用于肯定句。
例26：My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture.(2000上海)
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended
分析：must表推测时，不用于否定，needn’t have +v-ed 表示“本来没有必要”，shouldn’t have +v-ed表示“本来不应该”，“can/could not + have + v-ed” 意思为“不可能做过……”。
例27：--Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
-- Well. He ______ have gone far----his coat’s still here.(2005湖北)
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
分析：can’t have gone far 在此表示现在对过去所发生事情的否定推测，“现在不可能走远了”
3、对将来事实的推测
例28 -Are you coming to Jeff’s party﹖
-I’m not sure． I ________ go to the concert instead． (NMET2000)
A． must B．would C． should D． might
分析：由题意和下句中的 “I’m not sure” 可知这段对话中存在一种可能性推测，might可以用来表示一种比较委婉的可能性判断
三、考查情态动词的虚拟用法
例29 ---I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
---You________ her last week. (2004福建)
A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told
分析：对过去发生事情的责备或遗憾应用“情态动词+have + v-ed”，据此可排除答案A、C，而would +have +v-ed常用于过去的虚拟语气中，should(ought to)+ have + v-ed”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做，含有责备的含义。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。故答案为D。
例30：He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. (2005山东)
A. could B. would C. must D. need
分析：“could+ have + v-ed” 用于肯定句中，表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味，侧重有能力而没能做成。“他花钱买了座位，而他本来可以免费进去的”。
例31：You should not have swum in that river. You ____ have been eaten by fish.
A. must B. may C. willD. might
分析：前一分句的should not have swum表示责备，后一分句则表明有被鱼吃掉的可能性。“might+ have + v-ed” 用于肯定句中，表示本来有可能做成某事但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味，侧重有某种可能性但没能做成。
例32：-Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
-Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. (2005福建)
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
分析：“needn’t+ have + v-ed” 表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事，无批评责备之意，只是惋惜而已。如You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。
篇2：语法复习五：情态动词 学案设计(译林牛津版英语高一)
1 情态动词的语法特征
1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2） 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。
2 比较can 和be able to
1）can could 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could),
只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2）只用be able to
a. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.
= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
注意：could不表示时态
1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。
--- Could I have the television on?
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.
2）在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
He couldn't be a bad man.
他不大可能是坏人。
3 比较may和might
1） 表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。
May God bless you!
He might be at home.
注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。
2） 成语： may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为“不妨”。
If that is the case, we may as well try.
典型例题
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
答案B. 表可能性只能用may. 此句意可从后半句推出。
4 比较have to和must
1) 两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.
3） 在否定结构中： don't have to 表示“不必”
mustn't 表示“禁止”，
You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
5 must表示推测
1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定”。
2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）
He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较：
He must be staying there.
他现在肯定呆在那里。
He must stay there.
他必须呆在那。
3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。
4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。
---Why didn't you answer my phone call?
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.
5) 否定推测用 can't。
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。
6 表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：
1）情态动词+动词原形。
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.
2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3）情态动词+动词完成时。
表示对过去情况的推测。
We would have finished this work by the end of next December.
明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。
表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
Your mother must have been looking for you.
你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如 can, may。
7 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth 表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2) must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有“肯定”，“谅必”的意思。
--- Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.
---She must have gone by bus.
3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth
本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。
You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4) needn't have done sth 本没必要做某事
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.
5) would like to have done sth 本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.
8 should 和ought to
should 和ought to 都为“应该”的意思，可用于各种人称。
---Ought he to go?
---Yes. I think he ought to.
表示要求，命令时，语气由 should（应该）、had better最好）、must（必须）渐强。
9 had better表示“最好”
had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。
had better do sth
had better not do sth
It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.
She'd better not play with the dog.
had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为“本来最好”。
You had better have come earlier.
10 would rather表示“宁愿”
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather… than… 宁愿……而不愿。
还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示“宁愿”、“宁可”的意思。
If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.
I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.
典型例题
---- Shall we go skating or stay at home?
----Which ___ do?
A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather
答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为“宁愿”，本题为疑问句， would 提前，所以选B。
11 will和would
注意：
1）would like； Would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。
Would you like to go with me?
2）Will you…? Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。
Would you like some cake?
3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
Won't you sit down?
12 情态动词的回答方式
问句 肯定回答 否定回答
Need you…? Yes, I must. No,I needn't
Must you…? /don't have to.
典型例题
1）---Could I borrow your dictionary?
---Yes, of course, you____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
答案C.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。复习： will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。
2）---Shall I tell John about it?
---No, you ___. I've told him already.
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
答案A。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。
3）---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---______.
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't
答案B. will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表“意愿、意志、决心”，本题表示决心，选B。
13 带to 的情态动词
带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to，为六个。它们的疑问，否定形式应予以注意：
Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?
She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
You ought not to have told her all about it.
Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?
ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。
典型例题
Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A.have told B.tell C.be telling D. having told
答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用 have。
14 比较need和dare
这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。
1) 实义动词： need （需要, 要求）
need + n. / to do sth
2) 情态动词： need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。
Need you go yet?
Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.
3) need 的被动含义：need, want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动：
need doing = need to be done
语法经典练习：
1. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give
2. Jenny______ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must B. should C. need D. would
3. . -Could I borrow your dictionary?
-Yes, of course you_________
A. might B. will C. can D. should
4. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ______ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
5. -Shall I tell John about it?
-No, you ______ . I've told him already.
A. needn't B. wouldn't
C. mustn't D. shouldn't
6. ─There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
─ It______ a comfortable journey.
A. can't be B. shouldn't be
C. mustn't have been D. couldn't have been
7. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack______ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
8. .When he was there, he______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work
every day.
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
9. .Sir, you _____ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. oughtn't toB. can't
C. won't D. needn't
10. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
11. --When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
--They _____be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
12. .--I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
--Oh, did you? You_ ____with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay
C. would stay D. must have stayed
13. －Will you stay for lunch?
－Sorry,＿＿＿＿＿ ,My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn'tB.I can't C. I needn't D.I won't
14. Sorry I'm late. I ______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might B. should C. can D. will
15. I should have been there, but I _______ not find the time.
A. would B. could C. might D. should
16. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture.
A. couldn't have attendedB. needn't have attended
C. mustn't have attendedD. shouldn't have attended
17. --- Are you coming to Jeff's party?
--- I'm not sure. I ________go to the concert instead.
A．must B．would C．should D．might
18. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _________ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?
A．can B．should C．may D．must
19 He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ________ a goal.
A．had scored B．scored
C．would scoreD．would have scored
20. -Write to me when you get home.
-_________
A．I must B．I should C．I will D．I can
21. I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word.
A. mustn't leave B. Shouldn't have left
C. Couldn't have left D. needn't leave
22. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I______ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t cut B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eatenD. mustn’t eat
23. --I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
--It _____ be true because there was little snow there.
A may not be B won’t be C couldn’t be D mustn’t be
24. It has been announced that candidates_____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A canB willC mayD shall
25. A left-luggage office is a place where bags ______ be lefe for a short time, especially in a railway station.
A. should B. can C. must D. will
26. --- I don't mind telling you what I know.
--- You . I'm not asking you for it.
A. mustn't B. may not C. can't D. needn’t
27. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _____ report it to the police?
A. shouldB. may C. willD. can
28. Mr.White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t’ show up.
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
29. You ______ be tired - you've only been working for an hour.
A. must not B. won' tC. can' tD. may not
30. - Who is the girl standing over there ?
- Well , if you know , her name is Mabel.
A. may B. canC. must D. shall
Keys:
1-5 ABCCA 6-10 DCAAD
11-15 BABAB 16-20 ADADC
21-25 BCCDB 26-30 DAACC
篇3：江苏省黄桥中学模块3unit3学案(译林牛津版高一英语必修三学案设计)
Period 1 Welcome to the unit
Step1 Lead in
Quiz: How much do you know about the ancient civilization?
1)What are the four ancient civilized nations?
2)What are the seven wonders of the world?
埃及的金字塔、巴比伦的“空中花园”、土耳其的月亮神阿泰密斯女神庙、位于地中海的罗得岛太阳神铜像、亚历山大灯塔、希腊奥林匹克的宙斯神像、土耳其国王摩索拉斯陵墓。但是，由于地震、人为破坏等原因，这七大奇迹，除金字塔依然屹立外，其余均已毁坏。因此在此基础上，随后又产生了世界中古七大奇迹之说：意大利的罗马大斗兽场、利比亚沙漠边缘的亚历山大地下陵墓、中国的万里长城、英国的石围圈、中国南京的大报恩寺琉璃宝塔、意大利的比萨斜塔、土耳其的索菲亚大教堂或圣索菲亚圣殿。
Language points:
（1）Some of them have disappeared ,while others remain today .
它们中一些已经消失，然而另外一些今天仍然存在。
a. remain不及物动词，“留下”“剩下”；还可意为“逗留”，其后通常接介词或副词。如：
After the fire ,very little remained of my house .火灾之后，我家所剩无几。
In the early days , some lived in tents and hunted wild animals. Others remained in one place and started farms of their own.
在古代有些人住帐篷，四处猎取野兽；还有些人居住在一个地方，开始了他们的农耕生活。
The children remained out because of the good weather. 由于天气晴朗，孩子们继续呆在室外嬉戏。
He has to remain in hospital until he is better. 他不得不住院，直到身体好转。
[注]表示“留在某地”时remain 和stay 同义。如remain/stay there(呆在那里)，但只能说stay at home ,不能说remain at home。另外remain 既可指人逗留在一定场所，也可指物逗留在一定场所或保持原来的形状或状态，stay 只表示人逗留在一定场所。
b. remain用作连系动词，意为“保持”“仍然是”“还是”“剩下”，接形容词、名词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词或介词短语作表语，如：
He remained silent . 他保持沉默。
She remains unmarried.她仍然单身。
Man remained a hunter for thousands of years .人类的狩猎时期有数千年之久。
A lot of work remained to be done.许多工作还没做完。
After the earthquake ,very few houses remained standing .地震后几乎没有房子没倒塌。
[注]remain 接动词不定式表示将来动作，接现在分词表示正在进行的主动动作，接过去分词表示主语所处的状态或已经发生的被动动作。如：
This remains to be proved . 这有待证实。（将来的被动动作）
Whether it will do us good remains to be seen. 这是否对我们有好处，还要看一看。（将来的被动动作）
They remained listening. 他们一直在听。（正在进行的主动动作）
She remained sitting when I came in .我进来时，她仍然坐着。（正在进行的主动动作）
The book ,however ,remains unfinished.但这本书一直没完成。（表示主语所处的状态）
They remained locked in her room. 他们仍然被锁在房子里。（已经发生的被动动作）
c. remains是名词，表示“遗物”“遗址”“剩余物”，其单、复数同形，如：
the remains of an old castle 古城堡的遗址
They paid their last respects to her remains. 他们对她的遗体告别。
The remains of the meal are/is in the refrigerator. 剩饭在冰箱里。
d. remaining 意为“剩下的”“余下的”，修饰单个名词时，前置，如是修饰短语则应后置。如：
She returned home with the remaining 10 dollars. 她带着剩下的十美元加了家。
You may have the remaining ones. 剩下的你可以拿去。
We had a number of duties to perform during the short time still remaining .
在剩下的时间中，我们有很多的任务要完成。
[注] left也可意为“剩下的”“余下的”，多放在被修饰的名词之后，如：
How much time is there left? 还剩有多少时间？
There are no books left in the room。房间里没剩下书。
The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ______.
a. 20 dollars remained b. 20 dollars to remain c. remained 20 dollars d. remained 20 dollars
（2）The hanging Gardens 空中花园
a. hanging 为现在分词作定语，hang此处为不及物动词，意为“悬”“挂”，(hang, hung, hung )
He remained hanging in the midair ,saved by the belt .他悬在半空中，安全带救了他。
A full moon hung in the sky. 一轮满月挂在天空。
Big lights hang from the ceiling. 天花板上吊着几盏大吊灯。
b. hang作及物动词，意为“悬”“挂”，仍是不规则动词，如：
Let’s hang those pictures on the wall. 咱们把这些画挂在墙上。
My mother is hanging out the washing. 我妈妈在晾洗好的衣服。
Slogans were hung in the hall. 大厅里悬挂着标语。
[注]有时表示“上/里面挂着”着be hung with。如：
The hall was hung with pictures by workers .大厅里挂着工人创作的画。
The trees were thickly hung with fruit. 树上果实累累。
c. hang作规则动词，意为“吊死”“绞死”，既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。如：
The last Ming emperor hanged himself from this tree. 明朝最后一个皇帝就是吊死在这棵树上的。
Mussolini was hanged by the Italian people . 墨索里尼被意大利人民绞死了。
The man was hanged for what he had done to the peasant family.那人因对那农家所干的一切被绞死了。
At that time you could hang for stealing .那时犯盗窃罪就可能会被绞死的。
d. hang所用于的一些短语：
hang about 逗留，闲荡 hang back 踌躇不前
hang (down) one’s head低下头 hang on坚持下去；赖着不走
hang over使忧心忡忡；担心可能发生 hang up 挂断电话
hang upon靠……决定 hang by a hair/thread命悬一线，危在旦夕
（3）Have you ever been to a museum and seen things from ancient civilizations?
你曾去过博物馆看到过来自文明古国的东西吗？
a. civilization 在本句中为可数名词，意为“文明国家”。如：
These are acts that will horrify civilizations. 这些是令文明国家震惊的行为。
These are inventions from civilizations. 这是些来自文明国家的发明。
b. civilization作可数名词，意为“文明”“文化”。如：
Do you know the civilizations of ancient Egypt, Babylon and Persia?
你了解古埃及、巴比伦和波斯的文化吗？
Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world. 中国文化是世界上最古老的文化之一。
c. civilization 作不可数名词，意为“教化”“开化”“文明环境”“文明社会”。如：
The civilization of mankind has taken thousands of years. 人类的开化经过了数千年。
They still live far from civilization. 他们仍然生活在远离文明世界的地方。
It’s good to get back to civilization after living in a tent for two weeks.
在帐篷里生活了两星期后又回到文明社会可真舒服。
（4）Do you have any suggestions on how to protect it? 你有关于如何保护它的什么建议吗？
a. suggestion作可数名词，意为“提议”“建议”。如：
I want suggestions about what to do today. 今天做什么我想听听有何意见。
My suggestion is that we put off the meeting. 我的建议是推迟会议。
[注] at/on one’s suggestion或at/ on the suggestion of 意为“按照某人的建议”，其中suggestion作不可数名词。如：
On/At your suggestion, I bought the more expensive printer. 遵照你的建议我买了较贵的打印机。
b. suggestion作可数名词还可意为“些微”“迹象”。如：
He speaks English with a suggestion of a French accent. 他讲英语带一点法语口音。
There is no suggestion that she should resign. 没有迹象显示她要辞职。
c. suggestion作不可数名词，意为“联想”“暗示”。如：
Most advertisements work through suggestion. 大多数广告都是通过暗示起作用。
There is much suggestion in what he has said. 在他的话中暗示了许多东西。
[注]advice为不可数名词，意为“告诫”“忠告”“劝告”“建议”，常用来表达讲话人对做什么、怎么做提出观点，往往带有警示意思。如：
You won’t get well unless you follow your doctor’s advice. 如果你不遵医嘱，你将不会痊愈。
If you take my advice and study hard, you will pass the exam. 如果你听我的劝告用功读书，你就会考及格。
Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language. 马克思就如何学外语提了一些建议。
[注]advice不可数，不说an advice， a piece of advice（一条忠告；一项建议）或some advice（一些建议）。
Period 2 Reading
Step1. Fast reading:
1. TEACHER:
Read the following diary entries quickly and answer these questions.
1. What country is the author from?
2. What is one main similarity between Pompeii and Loulan?
3. Who was made director of the Pompeii dig in 1860?
4. Who is Professor Zhang?
Step 2. Reading for details (C1）
Reading the letter again carefully and then choose the best answer:
1. What happened to Pompeii in August AD 79?
2. How was the buried city discovered?
3. What were the stepping stones along the road in Pompeii used for?
4. Why was Loulan an important city about 2,000 years ago?
5. How do many people think Loulan disappeared?
6. According to the last sentence, how did the author feel about the loss of Loulan?
Find out the facts and historical information about the two cities.
Pompeii time event
in the 8th century
in 89 BC
on 24th Aug. AD 79
in 1860
Loulan 2000 years ago
from AD 200 to AD 500
100 years ago
Step5. Summary and Homework
Both Pompeii in ________and Loulan in China became ____ ________ about 2000 years ago. Pompeii was ________ in the 8th century BC and was _____ _______ by the Romans in 89BC. On 24th Aug.AD79, Mount Vesuvius _________ and the city were _______ __________. Loulan was a _________ _________ on the Silk Road. It disappeared under the ________. There are just a few _________ left. Some _________, such as coins and painted pots, was found.
Language points:
1．similarity n 相似点；相似，类似 similar adj. 相似的，类似的
be similar to 与……相似 similarly adv. 相似地； 类似地
the similarity of a cat to a tiger 猫和虎的相似
The two coats are similar but not the same. 这两件大衣是相似的，但不同。
2. arrange v. 安排，筹划，整理，布置
arrange + n. 整理；布置；排列
arrange + (for) + n. 安排……；协商……
arrange +for + n. + to do 安排……做……
arrange + (with + n.) + to do (与人)约定干……
arrange + that 商定……；安排…… （that从句用should + v. , should 可以省略）
I’ve arranged for him to meet her. 我已经安排好他跟她见面了。
I arranged to meet him at 6 o’clock. 我约定在6点钟跟他见面。
He arranged that the meeting be put off for a week. 他安排把会议延后一星期召开。
3． represent vt. 表现；描写；描画；代表；声称
representative n. [c] 代表
represent oneself as/ to be 自称是；声言
represent sth. (to sb.) 向……说明；阐述；表达
represent sth. 代表……，代理……
He represents himself as an expert in English. 他自称是英语专家。
He represented our school at the meeting at the meeting.他代表我们学校出席会议。
The pigeon represents peace. 鸽子象征和平。
4. take over 继承，接管，接替，接任
take away 拿走，使离开 take hold of
take back 退回（某物），收回（所说的话）
take care 小心，谨慎 take --- for 把---误认为
take care of 照顾，照料 take --- for granted 认为--- 理所当然
take down 取下；记下 take after 相似
take in 接待，吸收 take to 喜欢
take off （飞机）起飞；取消，脱下
take on 呈现，雇佣 take along 随身带着
take out 取出；拿出
take up 开始；从事；占去（时间）等
The large company has taken over many small ones. 这家大公司吞并了许多小公司。
You watch the house until 10 and then I’ll take over.你监视这所房子到10点，然后我接替你。
He opened the drawer and ___ a notebook.
A. took on B. took over C. took up D. took out
He expects to ___ the business when his father retires.
A. take down B. take over C. take up D. take out
5. alive/ living/ live/ lively
alive “活着的”，是表语形容词，可修饰人，物，用作表语（可与living互换），宾补和后置定语，不能用作前置定语。
living “有生命的，活着的”，多作表语和前置定语，可修饰人或物，如a living plant 活的植物
live “活生生的，现场直播的，实况直播的”，只用作前置定语，只修饰物，不指人
a live tiger 一只活老虎 a live show / broadcast /TV programs
lively “活泼的，生动的”，可用作表语、定语、指人或物。
a lively child 活泼的孩子 a lively description 生动的描述 a way of making one’s classes lively 使课堂生动的方法
Keep him alive, please. 请让他活下去。
He is the only man alive in the accident. 他是事故中惟一活着的人。
6.so + 情态动词/助动词/ + sb./sth 是一个倒装句型结构，表示上文中某人/物怎样，下文中的某人/物也怎样，其中情态动词、助动词和系动词在人称、数上要与下文的主语保持一致，在时态上与上文相一致。表否定时用neither或nor.
If you can do it, so can I. 如果你能做，我也能做。
If you go there, so will I. 如果你去， 我也将去。
If you don’t go to the cinema tonight, nor shall I. 你今天晚上不去看电影，我也不会去。
注意：So it is with … 和It is the same with … 既用于肯定句，也用于否定句，陈述两种(以上)的情况。
I have already seen that interesting film.____.
A. So does he B. So has he C. So he does D. So he has
7. damage
1). 损害；损失。不可数名词，常接介词to
2). 赔偿金
3).作动词用，意为“损害，毁坏”
A torrent of rain came down and damaged the crops.
He had not got any damages.
hurt/ injure/wound/ destroy/ damage/ ruin
<1>Laughing at others will hurt their feelings.嘲笑别人会伤害他们的感情。（精神，肉体上的伤害，强调疼痛）
<2>Although his hand was injured, he continued to operate the machine.（损害，毁坏容貌，强调丧失机能）
<3>A lot of soldiers were wounded in the battle.（强调暴力引起的创伤）
<4>This new evidence will completely destroy his argument.（完全的，不可修复的毁坏）
<5>Exposing to sunlight will damage the colored photo. (部分的，尚可修复的毁坏)
<6>He has ruined his health through drinking heavily. (毁坏，弄坏)
A bomb ____ tow buildings and damaged several others.
A. destroyed B. damaged C. harmed D. injured
“If you go on stealing, you will ____ your bright future, young man!” said the judge.
a. destroy b. damage c. ruin d. break
a. damage 和destroy都可作动词表示“破坏”，但在破坏的程度上,damage 要小于destroy, damage 可以指不同的程度的破坏损坏，而destroy 则一般指毁灭性的破坏。作为动词两词许多的时候要通用。如：
In Germany ,over 50%of the country’s trees had been damaged /destroyed by the year 1986.
德国到1986年的时候，百分之五十的国家森林已被破坏。
But this “chemical rain” gradually destroys /damages trees in the forests and kills the fish in the lake.但这种“酸雨”渐渐地损害了森林中的树木，导致了湖中的鱼的死亡。
You have destroyed my life and all my hopes.你毁了我的生活，同时也毁了我所有的希望。
b. damage 可作不可数名词，而destroy 不能用作名词，destroy的句词形式为destruction.如：
The storm caused great damage /did a lot of damage to the crops.
这场暴风雨给庄稼带来了巨大的损害。
8．house 在此用作动词，意为“给（某人）房子住，储存，覆盖，遮蔽”
We can house you if the hotel are full.
house 用作名词，意为“房子，家庭，建筑物，家族”
as safe as a house 绝对安全
keep house管理家务
eat sb out of house and home把某人吃穷
put/ set one’s house in order 把自己的事情处理的井井有条
9. too ….to…..一般译作“太---而不能”，但是当too后的形容词为ready(轻易), glad(高兴), kind(善良), pleased(高兴), anxious(急切), eager(渴望), willing(愿意)等, too 前有not, only, but, all, never等词时，too相当于very.
can’t (can never)…..too……怎么---也不过分
too ready to do sth 总爱做某事
too + adj. +for sb (sth) to do 太。。。而不适合于干。。。
--- I wish Bill would drive us to the station.
--- He has ____to take us all.
a too small car B. too small a car C. very small a car D. such small a car
too +adj. +a/ an +名词
--- I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.
--- You can never be _____careful in the street.
A. much B. very C. so D. too
Never…too+ adj.+adj. 在…也不为过
Word Power
（1）成双成对的名词
在英语中有些名词有两个部分组成，这两个部分的形状、构造、颜色等都是一样的，缺了其中的一个部分就失去了使用价值。这些名词前常用量词pair。如：
a pair/two pairs of binoculars一架/两架双筒望远镜
a pair/two pairs of socks一双/两双短袜
a pair/two pairs of stockings一双/两双长筒袜
a pair/two pairs of shoes一双/两双鞋
a pair/two pairs of boots一双/两双靴子
a pair/two pairs of chopsticks一双/两双筷子
a pair/two pairs of trousers一条/两条裤子
a pair/two pairs of glasses一副/两副眼镜
a pair/two pairs of scissors一把/两把剪刀
[注]这些名词作主语时谓语动词用复数形式，如有量词pair，则谓语动词根据pair的单复数形式决定。如：
My trousers are worn out. 我的裤子穿坏了。
There is a pair of/are two pairs of shoes under the bed. 床下有一双/两双鞋。
（2）集体名词
英语中有些可数名词可组成一个群体，它们通常与一些表示群体的名词连用。如：
a herd /two herds of cows ,elephants ,deer 一群/两群牛/大象/鹿
a bunch /two bunches of flowers ,bananas ,grapes ,keys 一束/两束花，一串/两串香蕉/葡萄/钥匙
a pack /two packs of dogs ,wolves ,cards 一群/两群狗/狼，一盒/两盒牌
a flock /two flocks of sheep ,goats ,swallows 一群/两群绵羊/山羊/燕子
a swarm / two swarms of been ,ants ,flies 一窝/两窝蜜蜂/蚂蚁，一群/两群苍蝇
a crowd /two crowds of people ,children ,guests 一群/两群人/孩子/客人
a team /two teams of players ,salesmen ,workers 一队/两队球员/销售员/工人
an army /two armies of workers ,ants ,volunteers 一大群/两大群工人/蚂蚁/自愿者
[注]当这些名词短语作主语时，如果前面的量词是单数时，强调一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式，如果侧重后面的成员，谓语动词就用复数形式。如：
A group of soldiers was /were marching towards the city. 一群士兵正向城市进军.
Task
1. listen for 用心听，留神听着…的声音
The boys are listening for the bell at the end of a lesson. 上课结束时，孩子们都在等着听铃声。
Listen for the postman. 注意听着邮递员的声音。
2. add…to… 把…加到…
She added sugar to her tea. 她把糖加到茶里面。
add to… 增强，增加
This adds to our difficulties. 这增加了我们的困难。
This adds to our information. 这增加了我们的信息。
3. open 开放的，开始…的
The hearing is open to the public. 这次听证会是公开的。
The movie star is now open for reporter’s questions. 那位电影明星现在开始准备回答记者的提问。
4. audience 观众，听众（可数）
The large audience enjoyed every word Mr. Jackson uttered.
大量的听众欣赏杰克逊先生说出的每一句话。
There was a large audience at the pop concert. 有大量的观众杂听流行音乐会。
注：audience作整体看待时动词可用单数形式，看作许多人时动词用复数形式。有时两
种形式都可以用。
It was late, but the audience was increasing. 天晚了，但是观众还在增加。
The audience are dressed in a variety of ways. 观众们穿着打扮多种多样。
The audience was/were very excited by the show. 演出使观众非常激动。
5. be located (in/on) 位于…
Where’s it located? 它位于哪儿？
The house is located next to the river. 那房子位于河边。
locate作动词时表示把…放在…, 让…呆在某处：
The company located its branch office in the suburbs. 那家公司把分公司放在了郊区。
He located his new store on Main Street. 他把他的新店设在了缅因街。
6. declare 动词，表示“宣布，宣称，声明”，后面可跟名词、从句、复合结构、介词短 语等。
Bulgaria declared its independence in 1908. 保加利亚于19宣布独立。
She declared that she didn’t want to see him again. 她宣布她不想再见到他。
At 3:30 the chairman declared the session closed. 三点三十分时，主席宣布全会结束。
He declared against the proposal. 他宣称反对那个提案。
7. in memory of 纪念，为了纪念..
He wrote the book in memory of the fallen officer and soldiers in the war.
他写下此书以纪念这场战争中的阵亡将士。
In memory of the massacre carried out by Japan in Nanjing, the citizens built a memorial in the city.
为了纪念日本在南京制造的大屠杀，市民们在城里建立了一座纪念碑。
8. distinguished 形容词， 著名的，卓越的，突出的
He is the most distinguished chemist in the country. 他是这个国家最著名的化学家。
He has made distinguished services in his diplomatic career. 在他的外交生涯中他功勋卓著。
distinguish是动词，区分，区别
Can you distinguish cotton cloth from linen? 你能把棉布和亚麻区别开来吗？
People who can’t distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind. 不能区分颜色的人叫作色盲。
9. be honored 感到荣幸，跟不定式或从句
I’m honored to be here with you. 与你一起感到荣幸。
I’m honored that you should notice me. 我感到荣幸，你竟然注意到了我。
honor 作动词用法如下：
（1）使感到荣幸
You honored us by being with us today. 你今天与我们呆在一起使我们感到荣幸。
（2）尊敬
Lenny honored him as a teacher. 兰妮把他尊之为师。
（3）对…表示敬意， 纪念
Our government gave him a state banquet to honour his visit to china.
政府为他举行了国宴，以表达对他中国之行的敬意。
10. point out: The teacher pointed out my mistake in the way of doing the problem.
老师指出了我在做题方法上的错误。
I must point out that further delay would be unwise. 我必须指明再延误就要吃大亏。
Point at 指着（人或物） point to ( 强调方向，并不一定指该物体)
Make a point 证明论点正确 to the point 正中要害 off the point 离题的
On the point of 正要--- There is no point in sth.(doing sth.) 做--- 没有道理（必要）
I would see him pointing at me and then telling something to other guests.
我能看见他指着我然后对其他客人说了什么。
The hand of the clock pointed to twelve.
The is no point in getting upset with him. 跟他生气没有必要。
The lawyer was brief and to the point. 律师说话简明扼要，直截了当。
I was on the point of leaving when the telephone rang.
Project
Language points:
1. influence:
影响 v. My teacher influenced my decision to study science.
My father influenced me to accept this job. (促使)
权力，势力 n.（over, with 连用）use one’s influence with sb. 利用（与某人的关系的）影响力
You have a curious influence over me. 你对我有一种全新的影响。
Will you use your influence to get me a job? 你能利用你的权力为我找个工作吗？
影响力；感化力（on,upon 连用）Many a woman has influence upon her husband.
Under the influence of 在--- 的影响下
an active influence 积极的影响
Have a bad influence on 对--- 有不良影响
a far-reaching influence 深远的影响
注意：表示“有影响的人或事物”时，是可数的。
He is an influence for good in the town. 他是这城里能影响他人行善的人。
effect 着重强调所造成的结果
Hibernating animals can sleep throughout the winter without any ill effects.
冬眠的动物可以睡过整个冬天而无不良结果。
Punishment has very little effect on him. 惩罚对他没有什么用。
2. trade
n. 交易、买卖、贸易 a trade agreement between England and France
v. 进行贸易 The early settlers traded copper for corn
Expressions: trade gap 贸易差额 trademark 商标
trade price 批发价 trade people 零售商
3. in return (for)
I don’t know what to do in return.
Mike, in return, told me his history.
When will you return me the book I lent you?(归还)
He suddenly returned on a rainy night. (回来，回到)
I shall return to this point later in my lecture. 我还要回来讲这个问题。
Not long after, he returned to his old habit. 没过多久， 他又故态复萌了。
What will you do ______for his kindness?
A. in honor B. in return C. in name D. in general
4. unite (力量上或利益、目标等方面的)联合，侧重（无形的、精神上的）团结
It is the common interests that unite our two countries. 是共同的利益使我们两国联合起来。
Let’s unite in fighting poverty and disease. 让我们同心协力摆脱贫困、战胜疾病。
The teacher united our group to another one. 老师使我们组与另一组合并。
a united family 一个和谐团结的家庭 make a united effort 作一致的努力
5. no more
Such a practice was no more. 这种习俗已经不存在了。
He couldn’t lift the table and no more could I. (也不)
no more --- than He is no more capable of speaking English than I am. (都不会)
篇4：高一语法复习高考情态动词试题详解 (人教版高一英语下册教学论文)
高一语法复习
06年高考情态动词试题详解
何学群
1. ―What’s the name?
―Khulaifi. I spell that for you ? 北京卷
A. Shall B. Would C. Can D .Might
解析：考查情态动词的本义，征求对方的意见
2. If it were not for the fact that she ____sing, I would invite her to the party. （福建）
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not
解析：考查情态动词的本义，表示通常的能力，couldn’t 是最大的干扰项，学生会受前面were所表示虚拟语气句型的影响。
3. I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus, _______? （福建）
A. hadn’t you B. wouldn’t you C. aren’t D. didn’t she
解析：考查情态动词would rather句型，宾语从句中用过去时，反意问句助动词应与从句中的went保持一致。
4. The workers will go on strike if the demands they ____put forward are turned down.（福建）
A. could B. would C.不填 D. had
解析：该句的they ____ put forward 是定语从句，表明过去的事实：“他们提出的要求”因此不用情态动词。
5. ------ Must he come to sign this paper himself? (广东)
------ Yes, he .
A. need B. must C. may D. will
解析：考查情态动词的本义，征求对方的意见，must 表示“必须”。
6. fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.（ 湖北卷）
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
解析：考查情态动词的虚拟用法。还原成原来的句型是：If you should be fired---，该句型中用should 或were to be表示与将来的事实相反。例如：
_____it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
A. Should B. Would C. Could D. Must
分析：在条件状语从句中，should 表示“万一”，即可表示不能实现的假设，又可表示可以实现的假设。该句意思为“万一明天下雨，会议就延期。”答案为A。
该句等于If it should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
= If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
= Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
= Were it to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
7. Some aspects of a pilot’s job ___ be boring, and pilots often ____ work at inconvenient hours. (湖南)
A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must
解析：前面考查情态动词can的推测用法，表示理论上的可能性；后面考查情态动词have to 的本义，表示客观事实的限制。
8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. (江西)
A. should have taken B. could have taken
C. needn’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken
解析：考查情态动词的虚拟用法，表示对过去事实的责备。
9. As you worked late yesterday, you___ have come this morning.（陕西）
A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
解析：同第8题。
10. ------Is Jack on duty today?
--------It _________be him. It’s his turn tomorrow.（四川）
A. mustn’t B. won’t C. can’t D. needn’t
解析：考查情态动词的推测用法，表示现在状态的“不可能”。
11. We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.（天津）
A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
解析：考查情态动词的推测用法，表示过去动作的“可能没有”。
12 --- Could I have a word with you, mum?（浙江）
--- Oh dear, if you ________.
A. can B. must C. may D. should
解析：考查情态动词的本义，must 表示“如果你必须和我谈的话”。学生可能会受could的影响只注意形式选can, 忽视句子的意思。
13 --- I think I’ll give Bob a ring.
--- You _______. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages.（江苏）
A. will B. may C. have to D. should
解析：考查情态动词的规劝用法，should 表示“应该”。
14. ------ Will you be able to finish your report today? （全国2）
------ .
A. I like it B. I hope so C. I’ll do so D. I’d love it
15. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, ?（全国2）
A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we
解析：考查情态动词在反意问句中的用法，祈使句后用will you征求对方的意见。
16. We hope that as many people as-possible join us for the picnic tomorrow. （全国2）
A. need B. must C. should D. can
解析：考查情态动词的推测用法，表示将来动作的“理论或事实上的可能性”。
17.There’s no light on----they be at home. （全国1）
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
解析：考查情态动词的推测用法，表示对现在状态的否定推测。
18. ------ May I smoke here ?（山东）
------ If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.
A. should B. could C. may D. must
解析：考查情态动词的本义，同第12 题。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇5：非谓语动词和谓语在语法填空中的运用 学案设计(人教版英语高三)
Grammar:
The Nonfinite Verbs and the Verbs in the Rational Cloze学案
9月24日
Daily famous saying：Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.
Step1. Presentation:
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
Step2: 非谓语动词：
1. 定义: 在句子中充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
2. 种类: 非谓语动词有四种：
动名词（动词的-ing形式－－doing）
不定式（to＋动词原形－－to do）
现在分词（动词的-ing形式－－doing）
过去分词（动词的-ed形式－－done）
3. 非谓语动词在句子中可充当各种句子成分:
a. 非谓语动词在句中做定语时:
to do 表示目的, 将来
doing 表示主动, 动作正在进行
done 表示被动, 完成
e.g.
1. I borrowed some books _________ (read) during my holiday.
2. ---an online journal _________ (publish) by the Public Library of Science.
3. The pen________ (lie) on the table belongs to me.
4. There is a __________ (swim) pool in our school.
b. Competition: （To check the knowledge of the Nonfinite Verbs）
Group1
1. ________ (say) is easier than to do.
2. ________ (lose) money made me angry.
3. When _______ (start) is unimportant.
4. ---- What made him angry?
---- ________.
A.Because he lost money. B. Because he had lost money. C. Losing money. D. Lost money.
Group2
1. My job is ________ (teach).
2. Your dream is _______(go) to college.
3. This is an ________ (excite) film.
4. We are very _________ (excite).
作表语: 不定式(动作)
动名词(动作)
分词主语(人) 或修饰人: 主语(物) 或修饰物:
Group3
1. I saw him __________ (leave).
2. He was seen _________ (cry).
3. I saw him _________ (interest) in it.
4. She raised her voice to make herself ___________ (understand.)
﹡see sb. + --- / --- / --- / ---
非谓语动词解题三步曲：
看似纷繁复杂的各种非谓语动词考题实际上是有解题规律可寻的,
1. 基本上确定成分,
2. 确定主被动关系,
3. 确定动作所发生的时间
1. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _________ (smoke) in the kitchen.
2. When first ___________ (introduce) to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
3.“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _______(run) away.
4. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases (_______(know) only to people with specific knowledge.)
Conclusion
虽然非谓语动词题题型千变万化，也会考到独立成分、主语、宾语等其它成分，但最难、最易考到的就是非谓语动词用作定语、状语、补语，学会用以上三步法来解题，相信会有很大的帮助。
Step3: Comparison
1.He was a good king, well ________ (like) by his people.
2.The computer centre , _______ (open) last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
3.Democrat Pat Moynihan __________ (serve) in the Senate from nineteen-seventy-seven to two-thousand-one.
4.These new rulers ________ (speak) only French for several hundred years.
5.A big wedding ________ (require) clothing, flowers, food preparation, photographs and music.
Step4: Practice
Practice 1
1. She caught the student (cheat) in exams.
2. When I got there, I found him (repair) farm tools.
3. When I got there, I found the farm tools . (repair)
4. Just then he heard someone (call) for help.
5. He worked so hard that he got his pay . (raise)
6. The missing boys were last seen (play) near the river.
7. (compare) with the old one, the new building looks more beautiful.
8. The workers had the machines (run) all night long to finish the work on time.
9. People in the south have their houses (make of ) bamboo.
10.(lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
Practice 2
11. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn't make his point ____________. ( understand)
12. The scientists were waiting to see the problem . (settle).
13. The library's study room is full of students busy ___________ (prepare) for the exam.
14. The ground is (cover )with (fall) leaves.
15. Lessons (learn) easily were soon forgotten.
16. The wallet(steal) several days ago was found(hide)in the dustbin
outside the building.
17. A person (learn) a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language
(forget ) all about his own.
18. (produce)different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their
quality.
19. The students in the university are all taking courses (lead) to a degree.
20. Many things (consider) impossible in the past are very common today.
Practice 3
21. (tell)many times, he still couldn't understand.
22. The old sick lady entered the hospital, (support) by her two sons.
23. China is one of the largest countries in the world, (cover) 9.6 million
square kilometres.
24. We must keep a secret of the thing (discuss) here, the general said, seriously
(stare) at the man in charge of the information office.
25. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, (add) that he had
enjoyed his stay here.
26. Can you read? Mary said .angrily (point) to the notice.
27. (write) the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the
room.
28. Were you (frighten) when you saw that wild animal?
29. Properly (mark) with numbers, the books can be easily found.
30. The child sat in the dentist's chair (tremble)
Practice 4
31. At this moment the bell rang (announce)the end of class.
32. He walked down the hills, (sing) softly to himself.
33. I had to shout to make myself (hear) above the noise.
34. The graduating students are busy (collect) material for their reports.
35. The cars (produce) in Beijing are as good as those
(produce) in Shanghai.
36. When I came in, I saw Dr. Li (examine) a patient.
37. (give) a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very
quickly.
38. (give) a satisfactory operation, the doctor believed the patient would recover
from his illness very soon.
39. He wrote a letter to me (inform) that his trip to Japan had been put off
because of the bad weather.
40. He reads newspapers every day to keep himself (inform) about what's
going on in the world.
Step 5 综合实践
1
We are ______1_____ (interest) in the story about Snow White because it is a very _______2_______ (interest) story. Once upon a time, there was a princess ___3_____ (name) Snow White. She was the most beautiful girl in the world but she had a step-mother who treated her very badly. She even ordered a guard to kill her. The guard didn’t kill Snow White. Instead, he asked Snow White to escape at once. ______4______ (terrify) by some strange sounds, she ran quickly through the forest and came to a wooden house which belonged to the seven dwarfs. A moment later, the seven dwarfs came back to the wooden house and they saw a beautiful girl _____5____ (lie) on the bed. After that Snow White and the seven dwarfs lived happily. They often played on the grass, ________6_______ (sing and dance) together. _______7_____ (know) the news of Snow White, the Queen dressed up as an old woman. The bad woman took a poisonous apple and went to the wooden house. Snow White believed the old woman and bit that red but poisonous apple and fell down. One day, a handsome prince came here. He shook her by accident and with a shock the poisonous piece of apple ___8____ (bit) off by Snow White came out of her throat. And before long she opened her eyes. _____9_____ (see) the prince and the seven dwarfs, Snow White smiled. Snow White decided to go with the prince and said “Goodbye” to the seven dwarfs. She married the Prince and lived happily. Let’s look back at the bad Queen. What happened to her? ______10________ (not satisfy) with the news, the bad Queen felt very angry. A few days later, she died.
2
There is a 1 (grow) debate about the most effective way for students to study. Traditionally 2 (study) alone was thought to be the best way to ensure good exam results. When 3 (study) alone you can focus your mind better than when you are with others. You also have the freedom to choose what topic 4 (study) and when, as you don’t need find agreement of others. Students 5 (prefer) to study alone often say that when they study with their classmates they waste a lot of time because the discussion is often about non-study topics such as television or holidays.
In the last few years, however, more and more students have started 6 (study) in groups. There are several reasons why many students prefer this method. First, they find that studying is more fun as they can share the experience with others rather than 7 (stay)in their rooms. In groups, they can discuss the subject together and when something 8_________ (not understand)they can ask each other questions. They can use the knowledge of their classmates 9 (help) improve their own knowledge. Finally by 10 (discuss) the topic, they are able to both understand and remember it better.
Step5. Assignment:
1．Review what you have learnt.
2．完成语法表格(六) 非谓语动词
篇6：江苏省黄桥中学高一英语模块四第一单元教案(译林牛津版高一英语必修四教案教学设计)
徐前进
江苏省黄桥中学
二00五年五月
Period 1.Welcome to the unit
1. handout 1) 免费分发的印刷品(如广告,传单,讲义), 分发的救济品
Please read the ~ carefully.
During the flood many thousands of people survived on ~.靠救济品存活
2) 发给大家, 散发
At the Christmas party Santa Claus handed out the presents under the trees.
Will you help me to ~ the leaflet at the meeting.
2.statistics 1) 统计数字, 作复数
Statistics show that there are more boys than girls at school.
Have you studied the recent divorce ~?
2) 统计学, 不可数
~ is a rather modern branch of mathematics.
3.product n. 产品 The company sells plastic products. 这家公司出售塑料制品。
produce vt/vi 生产，制造 produce woolen goods 生产毛织品
n 农产品或自然产品的总称
the field produce is transported by water to the neighbouring cities.
农产品通过水路运往邻近的城市。
productive adj 能生产的，肥沃的 a plant which is productive 多产的植物
productive land 肥沃的土地
可能产生……的
discussions that seem to be productive only quarrels 似乎只会导致口角的讨论
production n. 生产，制造（指生产的行为），产量
production is up this month. 本月产量上升。
Productivity n. 生产力 increase productivity 增加生产力
3.service 1) 可数, 服务, 帮助, 贡献
Do you need the services of a doctor? 你需要医生的服务吗？
The hotel offers good services. 这家旅馆提供良好的服务。
He did me a service. 他帮助过我.
2) 可数, 公共服务,公共设施, 劳务
Essential ~s will be maintained. 基本的公共服务设施将会得到保障.
There are good banking and insurance ~s.银行和保险服务
We get export earnings from goods and ~s.用货物和劳务创收外汇
3) 不可数, 任职, 用处, 服务
He had ten years’ ~ in the navy.他在海军服役十年。
The old man had many years of faithful ~ to the company.
那老人为公司忠实工作了多年。
The ~ in the place is slow/bad. 这里的服务很慢/很差。
You will get good ~ from this typewriter.打字机对你有用
at one’s ~ 随时为…服务的
I’m at your ~.我随时为你服务。
My car is at your ~.我的车供你随时使用。
I placed a computer at his ~.我提供一部电脑，供他随时使用。
4) 及物动词, 检修, 维修, 向…提供服务
I get my car ~d regularly.我定期进行汽车检修。
The power station is ~d by road transport.这座发电站的燃料是通过公路运送的。
The company hasn’t enough cash to ~ its debts.
这家公司没有足够的资金支付债务利息。
serve服务, 侍侯(顾客), 提供(饭菜,食品等)
He ~d in the army for three years. 他曾当国三年兵。
She ~d the family well for ten years. 他为这家人好好服务了十年。
Roast pork is often ~d with apple sauce.烤肉常和苹果酱一起上。
2. aware adj. 知道的, 明白的(作表语),反义词 unaware; awareness(n)
be ~ of sth; be ~ that
We are fully ~ of the gravity of the situation.形势的严重
.Everyone was ~ that they were in danger. 每个人都意识到自己处于危险中。
You must be ~ that what you are doing is quite illegal.
Are you ~ that you are sitting on my hat?
I wasn’t ~ that he had felt deeply sad at the death of his friend.
用于否定句,后接wh-引导的从句, of可以省略
You are not ~ (of) how worried I felt about your safety.
你不知道我多么担心你的安全。
We are not ~ (of) what he is longing for.我们不知道他在渴望什么。
I’m quite ~ how you would feel.
I’m too sleepy to be ~ how cold it was.
make sb. ~ that; make sb ~ of
What the teacher said made me ~ of the importance of English.
老师的话让我明白了英语的重要性。
Also when you write your goals in a special way you are able to make yourself continuously aware of the situations that will bring you nearer to your goal.
3.similar 1) 相似的,近似的,类似的
We have ~ tastes in music.
I saw something ~ in yesterday’s China Daily.
2) be ~ to 与…类似/相似
His views are ~ to mine.
Mary’s hat is ~ to Jack’s.
3) similarity 名词, 常与to/with /between连用
How much ~ is there between the two?
I can see the ~ between you and your mother.
English cooking has few similarities to/with French cooking.
4.danger 1)可数名词,可能引起危险的人或事
Waste must be treated so that it doesn’t become a ~ to life.
Winding roads are a ~ to drivers.
He looked around carefully for hidden ~s.
The man is a ~ to society.
2) 不可数名词, 一般的危险
Is there any ~ of fire?
In war a soldier’s life is full of ~.
3) in ~ 处于危险中; dangerous危险的
The man is in ~.
The man is dangerous.
be in ~ of处于危险中; out of ~ 脱离危险
The patient is in ~ of dying.
The patient is out of ~.
Today many kinds of animals are in ~ of dying out.
She was ill, but she was out of ~ now.
5.special discount特别减价,打特价 discount 名词, 折扣
Students get a ~ on air fare.学生飞机票有折扣
We give 10 percent ~ for cash.现金付款打折10%
at a ~ 减价, 不值钱
He sold goods to her at a special discount.
6.drug 1)常用复数指毒品
It is dangerous to take drugs.
2)作定语, 修饰名词
a drug addict/user吸毒者 a drug dealer毒贩
3) 可数名词,药
The doctor prescribed a new ~ for his patient.开了一个2
The drugs act upon the nerves.这些药品作用于神经
Period 2 Reading
Teaching Aims:
⑴ To improve students’ reading ability on reading expository
⑵ Enable students’ get the general knowledge of commercial ads and public ads
⑶ To let students know how to read expository writing
Teaching Important Points:
⑴ To improve students’ reading ability on reading expository
⑵ To let students know how to read expository writing
Teaching Difficult Points:
⑴ How to improve students’ reading ability on reading expository writing
⑵ How to let students read expository writing
Teaching procedure:
Step1 Lead-in
Thorough PPT, T can guide students to look at some commercial ads and public service ads and then ask questions like these:
T: Let’ share some beautiful pictures first. What are they? (advertisements)
As we know, ads are parts of our daily life. We can see them everywhere, especially when we watch TV. Do you like them?
T: Look at these pictures. Can you guess what kind of product or service is being advertised ?
(T then shows some pictures in part of welcoming to the unit)
Advertisement is now playing an important part in our life. Do you know how many kinds are there? And do you believe that ads tell the complete truth? Let’s look at a story on P2: Advertisement.
Step 2 Reading
1.Fast reading
Guide students go through the whole article, especially pay attention to the titles and the subtitles of the article.
T: what do you think might be discussed in the article from the title?
After Ss finish reading, T then go on asking some questions about the passage.
Q: What do advertisements encourage people to do?
What does PSAs stand for?
What are PSAs meant to do?
2. Intensive reading
(1) Invite one student to read the first passage and invite students to get the general idea of the passage.
(2) Detail reading
Read the following sentences and decide whether the statements in the following is true or false.
① Advertisements are found in many places.
② PSAs are only found in newspapers.
③ All advertisements tell the complete truth.
④ PSAs and commercial ads use some of the same methods.
⑤ Commercial ads can often give us valuable information about how to live our lives.
⑥ An ad warning people against smoking is an example of a PSA.
(1 T 2F 3F 4T 5F 6T)
(3) Discuss the structure of this article. How many parts is this article divided into?
Part 1 introduction of this article
Part 2 supporting details
Part 3 conclusion
T then ask Ss to read reading strategy: how to read a expository writing and tell them expository writing usually follows the same basic format. So when reading expository writing, we should pay attention to the information that comes after a statement. This information usually supports the main idea.
e.g. Let’s look at paragraph 3.
What is the subject of this part?
What information supports the idea?
What is the conclusion?
(4).Reading comprehension
Ask Ss to summarize the differences and similarities between the two types of advertisements.
Types of ads Similarities differences Examples
Places found Methods used purposes validity
Commercial ads Billboards, newspapers, magazines, the Internet, radio, television Persuasive language, exciting images To promote a product or service They do not tell you the complete truth. ‘Bright-teeth fights bad breath!’ ‘You are proud of your cooking, so shouldn’t you buy the very freshest food?’
PSAs To educate people about health, safety or any other issue which affects public welfare They are helpful and we can learn a lot by following the advice they give. ‘Yes to life, no to drugs’
‘Knowledge changes life’
‘Project Hope-schooling every child’
‘smoking is committing suicide slowly’
Step 3 Discussion
Now ads are becoming parts of our daily life. Do you like them?
Do you think it is necessary? Let’s have a discussion.
Step 4 conclusion and homework
Prepare for language points and underline the difficult on
Language Points
1. mean
mean to do 打算做某事 I meant to go to Nanjing tomorrow. 我打算明天去南京。
mean doing sth 意味着做某事 Getting up late means being late for school.
mean adj. 吝啬的 He is a mean man.
2. be used to do / (doing) sth. ---get accustomed to (get, become, grow)
used to ---happened in the past
It is used to clean the blackboard.
I am not quite used to living here/city life.
He has been used to the weather here.
Before coming here, John got up late in the morning but now he is used to getting up early.
I used to live in Nanjing. I used not/didn’t use to live here.
There used to be a lot of trees, didn’t there?
Ex. The new machine _____production.
However I_____it.(A)
A. is used to increase; am not used to controlling
B. is used to increasing; don’t used to control
C. used to increase; don’t used to control
D. used to increasing; am not used to control
3. research: 1)n. do/conduct research on:
I’m doing ~ on ads. 我正在做关于广告的研究。
2) V. to study
It is important for a businessman to ~ the market.商人研究市场很重要.
4. share with: use sth. together with
I’d like to share my book with you.
She _____ my troubles as well as my joys.(B)
A. shares with B. shares (in)
5. provide 1) ~ sb with sth ; ~ sth to sb;
Parents ~ their children with food and clothing.
He worked hard to ~ food and clothes for his family.
I am already ~d with all I need.
2) ~ for: 养活,提供生活费用; ~against 准备应付
He has a large family to ~ for.
He has no worries, only himself to ~ for.
Have you ~d against a coal shortage next winter?
3) provided (that)/providing (that)=only if; so long as
Provided/Providing (that)/Supposing there is no opposition we’ll hold the meeting here.
I’ll go provided/providing (that) my expenses are paid.
6. persuasive 有说服力的, 令人信服的
~ manner 晓之以理的态度 ~ argument 令人信服的论据
~ reasons 有说服力的理由 ~ article 有说服力的文章
7. encourage: give support or confidence to sb.
Don’t encourage bad habits in a child.
The teacher ~d her to watch English films.老师鼓励她看英文电影.
8. believe in: to have firm faith in
Many people believe in God.
believe/believe in
I don’t believe in ghosts. I believe that stories of ghosts were made up by human beings.
9. promote 1) 促进, 提倡, 推广
We must ~ stability and unity.
Milk ~s health.
The talk discussed how to ~ the friendship between the two countries.
The method must be ~d everywhere.
2) 晋级, 升职
He was ~d to the rank of the 1st mate.(大副)
Soon he was ~ d to be an engineer.
Despite the difficulties he was ~d to the 4th grade.
promotion n. 推销, 宣传(活动), 提升,晋级
10. for free: free of charge/without payment
You can take the ticket for free.
Every child can get a book for free. 每个孩子都会得到一本免费的书.
11. intend to: design/mean to do sth., ~ +n/ -ving /to do/that; ~ + 复合宾语
We ~ed no harm.
I hear they ~ marrying/to marry.
I intended to do it, but I’m afraid I forgot.
Do you ~ to make a long stay here?
He ~ed that his son should inherit(take over) his business
I ~ you to take over.
Let’s ask him what he ~ us to do.
The book is not ~ed to enlarge vocabulary.
The building was ~ed to be a museum.
The sweet wine is ~ed to be drunk after a meal.
What he said at the meeting ____ make us to support his idea.
A. intended to B. intends to C. was intended to D. is intended
注意: sth
同: intend/mean to do sth
sb to do sth
intend/mean for
They intend/mean no harm.
What do you intend/mean to do?
What do you intend/mean us to do?
The book is intended/meant for you
异: intend to do/doing sth=mean to do; meaning doing意味着
mean sb sth(intend没有);
intend that打算; mean that意味着
mean 有意义, 有价值
12. protect…from…: keep sb/sth safe from
We should protect the earth from pollution.
People usually wear sunglasses to protect their eyes from being burned by the sunlight.
人们通常戴太阳镜以妨眼睛被太阳灼伤.
More relative phrases:
protect/prevent…(from)…
stop/keep…from…
13. lie: lied(pt,pp), lying(pres p) vt.说谎
~ to sb. about sth.
She was lying!She lied to me about her age!
lie: lay(pt) lain(pp) lying(pres p) vi.平躺
He has lain in bed since this morning.
lay: laid(pt,pp)laying(pres p) vt. 放置
He laid his hand on my shoulder.
He laid the book on the desk and told me that he had lain in bed for the whole morning.
But I knew that he was lying to me.
14. cure 1) V ~ sb of sth
The doctor ~d her of her heart trouble.
He was ~d of lung cancer.
The illness can’t be ~d easily.
The fresh air on the farm ~d me of my headache.
2) 可数名词, 治愈, 药剂, 疗法
The doctor can’t guarantee a ~.
Is there a certain ~ for cancer yet?
He has tried all sorts of ~s, but without success.
15. connect: bring together/join,常与 to 和with搭配
The tape recorder is ~ed to a loudspeaker.
Please ~ this wire to the next one.
The two cities are connected by a railway.
She is connected with a famous family.
You should not connect the two different things to each other.
I’ll connect you with Mr. Wang immediately. 接通王先生的电话
connection: n. in connection with
They are in connection with the case. 与…有关联
16. fall for sth.: to be tricked, 受…的骗, 相信…: ~ sb/sth热衷, 开始恋爱, 倾倒
You should be clever enough not to fail for his tricks.
He said that he was a student and I fell for it. 信以为真
Dick fell for baseball when he was a little boy.
They met, fell for each other and got married six weeks later.
Helen was such a pretty girl that Bill fell for her.
fall guy: person who is tricked
How could you be easily cheated by his words? You are really a fall guy.
fall for sb :be attracted to sb.
They met, fell for each other and got married six weeks later. More phrases about fall
fall down: fail
The plan fell down because it proved to be too expensive.
fall into sth: develop sth
You can not fall into the bad habit-smoking a lot.
fall off: decrease
The production has fallen off since last month.
fall to doing sth: begin to do
They fell to thinking about what had happened to them.
17. play tricks on: play a joke on
Children, as well as adults, usually play tricks on each other on Halloween.
The teacher asked us not to play tricks on each other any more.
trick: V. trick sb. into doing sth.
She tricked him into giving her all his money.
18. commit vt. 做错事，犯错误，犯罪
she committed an unforgivable error. 她犯了一个不可原谅的错误。
The old man committed suicide. 那老人自杀身亡。
Vt. 把……交托给，把……提交给，把……押交，判处
I committed the matter to his care. 我把此事交给他处理。
Vt. 使承担义务，使表态，连累，后常跟反身代词oneself 作宾语
You don’t have to commit yourself at this stage.在这个阶段你不需要承诺什么。
You don’t have to commit yourself now，just think about it.你不必现在表态，只需考虑干这件事。
Exercise for consolidation:
be used to do research on play tricks on
share…with encourage believe in lie
for free protect… from intend to
be aware of connect… with fall for
1 You should share your books with your desk-mate.
2 I am used to getting up early in the morning.
3 He intended to finish the project ahead of time, but he failed.
4 I will never fall for the words of door-to-door salesman
5 I never believe in God .
6 She is aware of the danger around her.
7 You will get a book for free.
8 The teacher asked us to do research on environment protection.
9 The special clothes will protect you from being attacked by wild animals.
Word power
Step1 Brainstorming
Write the following words on the Bb and ask students to analyse the part of speech of each word.
health/healthy/interest / interesting / decide/ decided / decision
happy/ happily / happiness / unhappy
Tell them the way to guess the meanings of the news words they come across when reading.
Step 2 Introduction of using suffixes
Noun +y/ ly/ ic/ al / ous/ ful / ish/ an / ible/ -------→adj.
health→healthy wealth→wealthy week→weekly month→monthy day→daily
hero→ heroic origin→original danger→dangerous mountain→mountainous
poison→poisonous help→helpful care→ careful beauty→ beautiful
Attention : change the final letter of a word before adding a suffix.
Fame→famous compete→competitive persuade →persuasive
Step 3 Consolidation ：
Finish the exercises on page 6and 7.
Step 4 Language points
1. be tired of =be sick of 对------厌烦
She has become tired of doing such things.这样的事,她她已经干厌了.
be tired out = be worn out 累坏了
The work tired me out .这工作使我精疲力竭.
She was tired out by the journey. 这次的旅行把她累坏了.
be tired with =be tired from 因为------而疲劳
feel tired / his tired voice / her tired look / her tired feet
tiring jobs/ tiring work/ boring speech
2. feel like 后接名词,动名词,从句.
It feels like rain/ snow
I feel like he is telling a lie.
I feel like going to bed.
Do you feel like a cup of coffee?
3. on sale (美式英语)降价出售;(英式英语)出售
for sale 待售
4. available :可用的,可得到的,通用的,有效的
be available to sb
Free medical service is available to every citizen in this country.
这个国家每个公民都可以享受免费医疗.
These goods are available for export.
这些是供出口的商品.
be available for sth
5. discount 作名词,(可数或不可数),意为”折扣”,”减价”.
These goods sell at a discount.这些商品打折出售.
They allowed us ten percent discount off/ on the prices of goods.
他们给我们按货价打九折.
discount:作动词,意为”打折扣”,”认为不重要””对------不全信”
They discount twenty percent. 他们打八折.
His rich experience is not to be discounted.他的丰富经验不可小看.
6.ensure 1)“确保,保证”=make sure”
The book ensured his success.
Please ensure that all the lights are switched off at night.
夜间务必把所有的灯关掉.
I can’t ensure his being there/ that he will be there.
我不能确定他会及时到那儿.
2) “保证得到”=make sb certain to get
These pills should ensure you a good night’s sleep.
这些药可以保你睡一宿她觉.
3) “保护,使安全”=make safe
Parents should ensure their children against/ from danger.
父母应保护孩子免受危险.
Schools must ensure students against/ from risks.
学校应保护孩子免受冒险活动.
7.quality:作不可数名词,意为”质量”.
Our goods are of high/ good quality. 我们的产品质量好.
We buy products of first-rate quality. 我们质量第一的产品.
作不可数名词,意为”特性””品性””才能”
他是一位有许多优点的人.
语法：直接引语和间接引语
direct speech (direct narration) 直接叙述的话语，即直接引语。
（the style used in writing to report what someone said by repeating their actual words.）
reported speech (indirect speech) 转告引述的话语，即间接引语。
（the style used in writing to report what someone said without repeating their actual words.）
Notes:
1． 引述一般疑问句或附加疑问句时，通常用whether或if引导，而引述选择疑问句时，一般只能用whether引导。
E.g.: “Does he really mean it?”
---- I wondered whether/if he really meant it.
“They live in groups, don’t they?”
---- He asked whether/if they lived in groups.
“Is this book yours or his?”
---- She asked me whether this book was mine or his.
2． 引述特殊疑问句时，用原句中的wh-词引导。
E.g.: “Why didn’t you stop her?”
---- He asked why I hadn’t stopped her.
3. 引述陈述句时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常被省略）。
e.g.: He said, “I like it very much.”
---- He said that he liked it very much.
“I’ve left my book in your room.”
---- He told me that he had left his book in my room.
3. 引述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变成带to 的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell, ask, order 等动词，如果祈使句为否定句，在不定式 的前面加上not。
She said to us, “Please sit down.”---- She asked us to sit down.
He said to him, “ Go away!” ---- He ordered him to go away.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
---- He told the boys not to make so much noise.
在将直接引语变成间接引语时要特别注意几个变化：
1） 人称的变化： 间接引语是转述别人的话，说话时由于角色的不同，人称代词要根据实际情况作相应的变化。
规律：一主二宾三不变
（即第一人称看主语；第二人称看宾语；第三人称不变化）
e.g. Mr Black said, “I’m busy.”---- Mr Black said that he was busy.
“Do you mind my opening all your windows?” he asked us.
---- He asked us if we minded his opening all our windows.
2) 时态的变化：如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。中主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。
直接引语转换成间接引语时时态的变化 例 句
直 接 引 语 间 接 引 语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时不变
一般将来量
过去将来时 He said, “I'm afraid I can't
finish this work.”
He said, “I'm using the
knife.”
She said, “I have not heard
from him since May.”
He said; “I came to help
you.”
He said, “I had finished my
homework before supper.”
Zhou Lan said, “I'11 do it
after class.” He said that he was afraid he
couldn't finish that work.
He said that he was using the
knife.
She said that she had not
heard from him since May.
He said that he had come
to help me.
He said that he had finished
his homework before supper.
Zhou Lan said that she would
do it after class.
2） 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
直接引语转换成间接引语时的变化 例 句
直 接 引 语 间 接 引 语
this that
these those
now then
today that day
yesterday
the day before
tomorrow
the next (following)day
here there
come go
She said, “I will come this
morning.”
He said, “These books are
mine.”
He said, “It is nine o'clock
now.
He said, ”I haven't seen her
today.“
She said, ”I went there
yesterday.“
She said, “I'11 go there
tomorrow. ?“
He said, ”My sister was
here three days ago.“
She said, ”I will come here
this evening.“ She said that she would go that
morning.
He said that those books were
his.
He said that it was nine o'clock
then.
He said that he hadn't seen her
that day.
She said that she had gone
there the day before.
She said that she would go there
the next (following) day.
He said that his sister had been
there three days before.
She said that she would go there
that evening.
Some languages points :
1.thrilling 1)形容词,”惊险的” , “令人兴奋的”.
There was a thrilling finish to the race.赛跑结果令人兴奋.
2)名词,可数,一阵强烈的情绪(快乐,激动,恐惧); 使人兴奋的事情.
He felt a thrill the moment he got into the theatre. 他一走进剧院就感到一阵激动.
Meeting the Queen was a great thrill.
The movie was full of thrills.
2.over and over (again) 一再地,反复地
He repeated the story over and over again.
3.do seem “的确看起来------“
He does speak well.
She did come yesterday.
4.other than 除了=except
Is anybody other than yourself coming?
You’ll have to use this chair; there is no other than this.
在否定句中, 相当于besides
Besides you , no one is qualified.
5.remind 提醒,可接从句或不定式的复合结构.
May I remind you that the dinner –bell will ring presently? 我可以提醒你晚餐铃就要响了吗?
I write to remind you to send me the bill. 我写信提醒你把帐单寄给我.
I remind him of his promise.
Do you remind him about the book he borrowed ?你给他提醒过他借的那本书了吗?
6.learning soft:学习软件,动名词作定语,表示它的性质和类别.
如: sleeping train /dining-room / sitting-room / singing competition
7.user-friendly (尤指计算机硬件,程序等)易操作的,易懂的,易学的.
8.whenever possible= whenever it is possible
Come and see me whenever you want to.
9.eye- catching 抢眼的,由名词+动词+ing 构成 .如: peace-loving热爱和平的
10.make sb +adj.
make me ashamed of myself
make the street as light as day
make sb aware of the danger
Period 5-6 Task and project
1.increase 既可做名也可做动，意为“增加，提高，增强”
There was a steady increase in production. 生产出现了稳步增长。
Foreign investments increased six times. 国外投资增加了六倍。
He increased the size of his farm year by year. 他逐年扩大了农场的规模。
2.go up 在句中表示“上涨，涨价”
Everything went up except salaries. 除了工资以外，所有的东西都涨价了。
Cotton has gone up. 棉花涨价了。
还可表示“上升，增长，升级”，“楼房等盖起来，修建起来”
National income would go up next year by 8.6 percent. 国民收入将增长 百分点。
The temperature is going up. 气温要上升了。
There are supermarkets going up everywhere. 到处都在建超市。
How many houses have gone up this year? 今年盖了多少房子？
3.figure 是“数字”
Let’s add up the figures. 让我们把这些数字家起来。
amount 是“数量”
I am doing a certain amount of writing. 我正在从事一定数量的写作。
rate 是“速度，速率”
The train is now going at a rapid rate. 火车正快速奔驰。
4.remain / stay the same表示“保持不变”，在此都是系动词，表示“继续保持，仍然处于某种状态”
She remained calm. 她保持镇静。
The door remained closed. 门一直关着。
The shop stays open till 7 o’clock. 这个商店一直开门到七点。
5. start off 表示“开始”，或“动身，出发”
The play starts off with a murder. 这部戏以一场谋杀开始。
The boy started off across the field. 男孩动身穿越田野。
短语 start out 也有“动身，出发”之意思
We started out from home in the morning. 我们早晨从家里动身出发。
The professor ended up his speech. 那位教授结束了他的演讲。
end up 还表示“最后（有某种结局），最后（成了），最后（到达某处）”
How does the story end up? 这故事最后结局如何？
He ended up as head of the film. 他最后成了公司的头。
The car ended up in the ditch. 最后汽车掉到沟里。
5.vary 表示“有差异，变化”做不及物动词
People vary greatly in their ideas. 人们的想法有很大的差异。
The sort of thing varies from person to person. 这一类的事因人而异。
vary 做及物动词，表示“变换，是有变化”
You should vary your diet. 你应该变换你的饮食。
Old people don’t like to vary their habits. 老人不喜欢改变他们的习惯。
6.peak 是动词，表示“达到高峰”
The flood waters should peak at midnight.洪水在午夜会达到高峰。
当名词表示“山峰，浪峰，高峰”
The mountain peak was covered with snow. 山顶覆盖着雪。
7.drop 句中做不及物动词，表示“降低，下降” 还有“掉下，落下”
The price of sugar will drop soon. 很快糖价就要下降。
The teapot dropped out of her hand. 茶壶从她手中掉了下来。
He dropped his idea. 他放弃了想法。
drop还可表示“放下来，投下来”“放低，降低”
He dropped his bag. 他把包放了下来。
He dropped his voice, breathing with difficulty. 他压低声音，困难的呼吸着。
8. out of…在文中“…中间有”
Nine out of ten people will agree with what you say. 十分之九的人回同意你的观点。
out of… 还表示“从…出来；出于，由于；用完，卖完；失去，没有工作”
She went out of the room, taking the flowers with her. 她拿着鲜花从房间里出来。
She did it out of pity. 她出于怜悯做这件事。
Get out of the way. 滚开。
He was soon out of patience. 他很快就失去了耐心。
We are out of water. 我们的水用完了。
9.consider 表示“考虑”
跟名词 Will you consider my request? 你考虑一下我的要求好吗？
跟从句 The housekeeper considered how she could answer. 管家考虑他应如何回答问题。
跟动名词 I must consider giving a new course. 我必须考虑教授一门新课程。
跟由连接词引起的不定式短语 Have you considered how to get there?
10.update 表示“更新”，有时表示“使不过时，使现代化”
Do you want to update your furniture recently? 你最近想更新家具吗？
11. It seem (to me) that …觉得，仿佛感觉到，似乎好像
It seems to me that someone is calling for help. 我似乎感到有人在喊救命。
It seems that nobody knew what had happened. 看来似乎没有人知道发生什么事了？
seem 还可做系动词，后面跟形容词，分词，名词，介短
The doctor seems very capable. 那个医生似乎很有能力。
She seems an unusually clever girl. 她看起来是个不同寻常的漂亮女孩。
12. have regretted 后面跟的动名词的否定式 not having done
跟不定式 I regret to say that I can’t come. 很抱歉我不能来。
跟动名词 He regretted being unable to help us. 没有能帮助我们，他感到很抱歉。
对于发生在regret 之前的动作，用v-ing 的完成式或不定式来表示
I regret not to have taken his advice. 我后悔没有听从他的劝告。
I regret not having taken his advice. 我后悔没有听从他的劝告。
He taught me how to get my ideas across. 他教我如何讲清楚我的想法。
Project
Step1 Encourage students to report the main idea of each paragraph
Paragraph 1 the definition of an campaign
Paragraph 2 the target audience and how to determine the target audience
Paragraph 3 what the ad campaign says
Paragraph 4 how to reach the target audience
Step2 Ask students to read the handout carefully. Then answer the following questions.
1.What do you know about an campaign?
An ad campaign is an organized programme of advertisements using various types of ads to reach a particular audience.
1. What must you keep in mind when you start a successful advertising canpaign?
A clear goal and target audience.
2. Why do you need to research your audience?
Because the right message needs to be created for the right people.
3. What is important when you are planning an ad campaign?
It is important to try to appeal to the way the audience will react.
4. What should your advertising campaign be based on?
Mainly on the target audience and the media that reaches that pqrticular group best.
Step 3 Ask students to do Parts B1 and B2 on page 91 of the workbook.
Step 4 Have students to do Parts D1 and D2 on page 93 of the workbook as homework.
1.determine 在句中表示“确定，决定”
Can we determine the date of our party? 我们现在能够确定我们聚会的日期吗？
Determine 表示“决心 ，决意做某事”后面跟不定式，从句，on 或upon 引起的短语。
I determined to travel no further that night. 我决心那天晚上不再游玩了。
He determined that he would go at once. 他决心马上走。
determined 表示“决心，下定决心”，它作表语时，后面跟不定式或从句。
I was determined not to follow their advice. 我下定决心不听从他们的建议。
2. appeal to… 在文中表示“投合兴趣和爱好”
This idea appealed to our manager. 这个想法投合了我经理的想法。
和for 连用，可表示“呼吁请求得到什么”
They are appealing for money to build a new hall. 他们正在请求一笔钱以修建一个大厅。
He appealed to his friends’ money. 他请求他的朋友们给他一笔钱。
He appealed against the judge’s decision.
If you don’t obey me, I shall appeal to force.
3.approach 在句中是名词,意为“对待,处理的方式和方法”常与介词to连用
There is no easy approach to mathematics. 学习数学没有轻松的方法。
还可表示“接近,走近”
His spirits rose at the approach of the holidays. 随着假日的临近,他的精神振奋起来。
The approach to the house was a narrow path. 通往那撞房子的路是一条狭窄的小道。
4. get … across “把…讲清楚,使…被理解”
He taught me how to get my ideas across. 他教我如何讲清楚我的想法。
篇7：人教版高中英语必修1第一单元语法学案 (人教版高一英语必修一教案教学设计)
Learning about language
直接引语和间接引语Direct Speech & Indirect Speech
直接引语和间接引语是人教版高中英语必修1第一、二单元的语法， 本课将两个单元的语法进行了整合，系统讲解了直接引语和间接引语这一语法项目，条理清楚，简洁明了，学生易懂，易记，并附有相应练习供学生自我检测。通过对语法规则进行全面、系统的梳理并设计与学生互动环节，学生边理解，边写答案，不知不觉中掌握这一语法项目。
Unit 1 book 1 Friendship
Period 4 Learning about language（grammar)
Learning aims: 学习目标：
Master the grammar of this unit. ------直接引语和间接引语Direct Speech & Indirect Speech
Teaching procedures: 学习过程
一、自主学习(self-study)
Step 1 了解学习背景
直接引语和间接引语是人教版高中必修1第一单元的语法，也是学生升入高中后需要掌握的第一个完整、系统的语法项目，它与高中重要的语法项目之一------宾语从句有着紧密联系，因此学、学透这一语法对于高一新生来说有着至关重要的作。学生在初中接触过它，因此也是初、高中衔接的一个总要内容。
Step 2. 什么是直接引语和间接引语
我们转述别人的话有两种方式：
1. 引用别人的原话，被引用的部分叫直接引语，直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；
2. 用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语，不用引号，但通常用连词与主句连接。
这两种引语都是宾语从句。
例如：Mr. Black said, “I am busy.” --------( ) 引语
Mr. Black said that he was busy. -------( ) 引语
二、合作探究（Co-exploration ）
学习小组共同探究以下内容
直接引语变间接引语的3种情况 （陈述句，疑问句，祈使句）
温馨提示：遇到直接引语变间接引语时，我们首先考虑是以下那种句式：陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，然后根据相应的规则来变，或套用相应的句型。
1. 陈述句
直接引语如果是陈述句，变间接引语时，谓语动词后常用连词that 引导（that在口语中常省略），主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替。可以说sb. said that或 sb. said to sb. that,或sb. told sb. that，不可直接说sb. told that
比如：
He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.”
→ He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
→He said that he had been to the Great Wall.
→He told me that he had been to the Great Wall.
另外从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等也要做相应的变化。这方面汉语和英语有许多相似之处，因此在做直接引语和间接引语的转化练习时要注意句子的意思。
1） 人称的变化
He said, “I like it very much .” -------He said that he liked it very much.
He said to me, “I’ve left your book in my room.”------He told me that he had left my book in his room.
（学生自我检测： 你能找出哪些人称发生了变化了吗？）
2）时态的变化 (牢记下列规则)
时态的变化 例句（直接引语→间接引语）
一般现在时 → 一般过去时 She said, “I need a pen.” → She said that she needed a pen.
现在进行时 → 过去进行时 He said, “I am expecting a call.” → He said that he was expecting a call.
现在完成时→ 过去完成时
Tom said, “Our team has won the game.” →Tom said that his team had won the game.
一般过去时→ 过去完成时
Mary said, “I took it home with me.” →Mary said that she had taken it home with her.
过去完成时→过去完成时 He said, “I had finished my work before supper.” → He said that he had finished his work before supper.
一般将来时→过去将来时 Paul said, “I will call again later.” →Paul said that he would call again later.
拓展延伸：直接引语变间接引语时态不变化的情况
1. 直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变
The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” →
The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
2. 主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态或将来时态，在引述时，时态不变。
She says, “I’ll never forget the days in the country.” →She says that she’ll never forget the days in the country.
He will say, “The boy was lazy.” → He will tell you that the boy was lazy.
3. 直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不变。
She said, “I was born in 1983.” → She said that she was born in 1983.
（学生自我检测： 你发现上述时态发生了变化了吗？试试你记住这些规定了吗？）
1 一般现在时 →（ ） 2 现在进行时 → （ ）
3 现在完成时→ （ ） 4 一般过去时→ （ ）
5 过去完成时→ （ ） 6 一般将来时→ （ ）
3）指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等的变化
（学生自我检测：根据现有知识积累，你能填出下列直接引语变间接引语时词的变化吗？试试看！）
指示代词： 1 this → 2 these →
时间状语： 3 now → 4 ago → 5 four years ago →
6 today → 7 tomorrow → 8 yesterday →
9 this week → 10 last week → 11 next month →
12 the day after tomorrow →
13 the day before yesterday →
地点状语： 14 here →
趋向性动词的变化：15 come → 16 bring →
2. 疑问句 （一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句）
一般疑问句变为由if /whether引导的宾语从句，其他方面变化同陈述句的变化，
即句型：sb. asked (sb.) if/ whether +陈述句
特殊疑问句变为由特殊疑问引导的宾语从句，其他方面变化同陈述句的变化，
即句型：sb. asked (sb.) what/when/who +陈述句
选择疑问句 变成whether…or句型来表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…
例如： He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” →He asked me whether I spoke English or French.
I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” → I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.
He said, “Are you interested in English?” →He asked whether I was interested in English.
He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”
→He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.
3. 祈使句
转述祈使句时，将祈使句的动词原型变为动词不定式，并在不定时to 前根据句子的意思加上tell, ask, order 等动词，形成3 种句型
（1） 表示邀请、请求某人做某事时用ask sb. to do sth.
(2) 表示叫、吩咐某人做某事时用tell sb. to do sth
(3) 表示命令某人做某事时用order sb. to do sth .
表示否定时，在不定式前加not，构成句型ask sb. not to do sth., tell sb. not to do sth, order sb. not to do sth
例如： The old man said, “Don’t smoke in the hall.” → The old man told us not to smoke in the hall.
The officer said, “Go away.” → The officer ordered us to go away.
She said to us, “Please have a seat,” → she asked us to have a seat.
注意： 1. 当祈使句的直接引语变间接引语时，因为祈使句表示请求、命令等语气，所以不存在时态的变化，但是人称、指示代词、时间、地点状语等还要做相应的变化。
2. 祈使句中的please 在间接引语中必须省去，用句型ask sb. to do sth.
拓展： 1. 如果直接引语是表示“建议”的祈使句或疑问句，通常变为suggested that sb. should do sth或suggested doing sth
例如：He said, “ Let’s go to the park.” → He suggested (our) going to the park.
→ He suggested that we should go to the park.
2. 直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语可以用what或 how引导，也可以用 that引导
She said, “What a lovely day it is !” → She said what a lovely day it was!
→ She said that it was a lovely day.
三、拓展提高（Improvement）
直接引语变间接引语的练习
I. Change the Direct Speech into Indirect Speech (解题技巧：先判断句子类型，再套相应句型)
1. “Shut up. ”she said to him.
_____________________________________
2. “Speak louder, please,” he said to her.
________________________________________
3. “Can you speak louder?” he asked her.
___________________________________________
4. “Don’t wait for me,” he said to them.
_________________________________________
5. “Use your knife to cut the boots open,” the officer said to the guard.
___________________________________________
6. He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”
___________________________________________
7. She said, “Did you see him last night?”
___________________________________________
8. “What do you call your diary?” Anne’s sister asked her.
___________________________________________
9. “When did you go to bed last night?” Father said to Lucy.
___________________________________________
10. He said, “These books are mine.”
___________________________________________
II. 单项填空 ABCD四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. He asked ________for the computer.
A did I pay how much B I paid how much
C how much did I pay D how much I paid
2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. → He asked me__________.
A had I seen the film B have I seen the film
C if I have seen the film D whether I had seen the film
3. “ I am a teacher,” Jack said. → He said_____________.
A that I am a teacher B I was a teacher
C that he is a teacher D he was a teacher
4. “You have already got well, haven’t you?” she asked. → She asked___________.
A if I have already got well, hadn’t you B whether I had already got well
C have I already got well D had I already got well
5. He asked, “Are you a Party member or a League member?” → He asked me ____________.
A am I a Party member or a League member
B was I a Party member or a League member
C whether I was a Party member or a League member
D whether was I a Party member or a League member
6. He asked, “How are you getting along?” →He asked____________.
A how am I getting along B how are you getting along
C how I was getting along D how was I getting along
7. He asked me _______with me.
A what the matter is B what the matter was
C what’s the matter D what was the matter
8. The mother asked her daughter__________.
A what did she do the day before B where did she find her lost watch
C when she got up that morning D that if she had finished her homework
9. Mary said, “I went to China in 1998.” →Mary said she _______to China in 1998.
A went B had gone C have gone D go
10. He said, “ Mother, the boy is very naughty.” → He ________very naughty.
A said his mother that the boy was B said to his mother that the boy is
C told his mother that the boy was D spoke to his mother that the boy was
11. Mr. Smith warned her daughter ________after drinking. (2013年浙江高一检测)
A never to drive B to never drive C never driving D never drives
12. A famous website was making an online survey asking us ________the film Jaws.
A how do we like B how we liked C how did we like D how we like
13. The teacher asked us ________so much noise.
A don’t make B not make C not making D not to make
14. -----Please don’t stamp the grass.
------Pardon?
-------I ___________stamp the grass. (2013年山东高一检测)
A tell you don’t B tell you not to C told you didn’t D told you not to
15. As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when _______and see him.
A you will come B will you come C you come D do you come
四. 反思感悟（Reflection）
I have learned a lot about the grammar----direct speech and indirect speech.
I know___________________________________________________
五、作业 （ homework）
Key 1: 直接 , 间接
Key 2: 1一般过去时 2过去进行时 3过去完成时 4过去完成时 5过去完成时 6过去将来时
Key 3: 1 that 2 those 3 then 4 before / earlier 5 four years before / earlier 6 that day 7 the next /following day 8 the day before 9 that week 10 the week before 11 the next month 12 in 2 days’ time 13 2 days before / earlier 14 there 15 go 16 take
Key 4
1. 祈使句 She told him to shut up. 2. 祈使句 He asked her to speak louder.
3. 一般疑问句 He asked her if she could speak louder.
4. 祈使句的否定句He told them not to wait for him.
5. 祈使句 The officer ordered the guard to use his knife to cut the boots open.
6. 陈述句 He said that light travels much faster than sound.
7. 一般疑问句 She asked (me) if /whether I had seen him the night before.
8. 特殊疑问句Anne’s sister asked her what she called her diary.
9. 特殊疑问句 Father asked Lucy when she went to bed the night before.
10. 陈述句 He said that those books were his.
Key 5 1----5 DDDBC 6----10 CDCAC 7 What’s the matter? 做宾语时语序不变
Key 6 11---15 ABDDA
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