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- 目录
篇1：中考英语定语从句复习
定语从句的概述
在复合句中修饰或限定名词、代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰或限定的名词、代词叫做先行词；引导定语从句的词叫做引导词。定语从句放在所修饰、限定的词（先行词）之后。
例1：The boy who is reading a story book is my brother.
那个正在读一本故事书的男孩是我的兄弟。
在这句话中，who is reading a story book.是定语从句。它修饰、限定the boy，the boy是先行词，引导定语从句的who是引导词。
定语从句的分类
定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面，用来说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况，与先行词的关系非常密切，翻译时一般要译到先行词的前面；如果去掉，则整个句子的意思含混不清。
A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health. 医生是照顾人们健康的人。
非限制性定语从句起到补充说明作用，译为汉语时常不译作定语，而是根据句意译为相应的其他形式的从句。它与主句的关系不如限制性定语从句密切，只是对先行词作附加说明，既使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚。非限制性定语从句前往往有逗号与主句隔开，如非限制性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号与隔开。
Yesterday, Jimmy left for Canada, where he had stayed two years.
昨天，吉米动身到加拿大去了，他曾在那儿呆了两年。
定语从句的引导词
引导定语从句的词称为引导词，它一方面连接先行词和定语从句；别一方面又在定语从句中充当句子成份，如例1中的who，以定语从句中作主语。引导词一般不能按照疑问代词或疑问副词的意义进行翻译，一般情况下应译为“……的”。定语从句的引导词可为分为关系代词和关系副词。
I. 关系代词
关系代词代替的是表示人或物的名词或代词，并且在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成份。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。关系代词在从句是作宾语时常可省略。常见的关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
1. 当先行词指人时，使用who或whom，如果在从句中作主语，则用who；作宾语，则用whom，但在口语中，常可用who代替whom，也可以省略。Whom 作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。
The boy who can play basketball well is our monitor.
那个篮球打得好的男孩是我们的班长。
The man (whom) we met at the school gate is an English teacher.
我们在学校门口遇到的那个人是一位英语教师。
The woman to whom you talked is Kangkang`s mother. =
The woman (whom) you talked to is Kangkang`s mother
那位与你谈话的妇女是康康的妈妈。
2. 当先行词指物时，使用which，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时常可省略。Which 作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。
The books which were bought last week will be sent to poor children.
上周买的那些书将被送给贫困孩子。
He gave me the ball (which) we bought last week. 他把我们上周买的球给了我。
Dont bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid. =
Dont bring children to see the animals (which) they are afraid of.
不在带孩子去看那些他们害怕的动物。
3. Whose 引导的定语从句的先行词可以是人也可以是物，whose在从句中作定语。Whose 作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。
The man whose coat is blue is cleaning the room. 那个穿蓝上衣的人在打扫房间。
The book whose cover is red is an English book. 那本红色封面的书是一本英语书。
The boss in whose factory I worked is a very kind person. =
The boss whose factory I worked in is a very kind person.
我工作的那个工厂的老板是一个非常和善的人。
4. that引导的定语从句的先行词既可指人也可指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。that在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词一般不放在它的前面。
The new job that I found was to be a teacher. 我新找的工作是当老师。
He is the teacher that we met at the bus stop.
他就是我们昨天在公共汽车站遇到的那位老师。
The village that he lives in is very far away. 他所居住的村子非常远。
关系代词在定语从句中作短语动词的宾语时，此时关系代词前的介词应是短语动词固定搭配中的那一个介词。
This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。
5. 当先行词指人时that一般可以与who 通用；当先行词指物时，that一般可以与which通用。但是当先行词符合下列条件之一时，只能用that.
⑴ 当先行词指物为不定代词时，只用that引导定语从句。
Ive forgotten everything that I learnt at school. 我在学校学的东西我全忘记了。
⑵ 当先行词是最高级或被最高级所修饰时，只能用that引导定语从句。
This is the best way that we can raise money. 这是我们可以筹钱的最好方法。
⑶ 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时，只能用that引导定语从句。
He is the first person that I met this morning. 他是我今天早上见到的第一个人。
⑷ 当先行词被only, very, just, last, one of, all no, little, few, any等词修饰时，只能用that引导定语从句。
It is one of the beautiful views that I have seen. 这是我所见到的最美的风景之一。
⑸ 当先行词既有人又有物时，只能用that引导定语从句。
We talked the things and persons that we were interested in.
我们谈论我们感兴趣的人和事。
⑹ 如果有两个从句，其中一个用了who (which)来引导，则另一个用that以避免重复。
He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
他建造了工厂要生产一些我们以前没见过的东西。
⑺ 当先行词被the only, the very, the some, the last等词修饰时，只能用that引导定语从句。
This is the last place that I want to visit. 这是我想参观的最后一个地方。
6. 当先行词指物时，that一般可以与which通用。但是当先行词符合下列条件之一时，只能用which.
⑴ 当作主语或宾语的关系代词前有介词时，只能用which.
This is the house of which the windows face south. 这是那间窗户朝南的房子。
⑵ 在引导非限制性定语从句时，which可代表先行词或前面的一句话，译成“这一点，这件事”。
He passed the exam, which made us very happy. 他通过了考试，这使得我们非常高兴。
⑶ 先行词为that, those时，引导词用which.
Whats that which on the table? 桌子上是什么？
7. 当先行词指人时that一般可以与who 通用。但是当先行词符合下列条件之一时，只能用who.
⑴ 当先行词是one, ones, anyone, those指代人时， 只能用who.
Anyone who does that must be mad. 谁那样做一定是疯了。
⑵ 在there be 结构中，先行词是人时，只能用who.
There is a girl who is waiting for you. 有个女孩在等你。
⑶ 当先行词是人，后面有较长的修饰语时，只用who.
I met a friend of mine who had got three gold medals in the Asian Games.
昨天我在公园见到一个朋友，他在亚运会上得到了三枚金牌。
⑷ 当先行词是I, you, he ,they等时（常用于谚语中），只用who.
He who plays with fire gets burned. 玩火自焚。
II. 关系副词
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。常用关系副词有why, when, where.
1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。也可以用“介词+关系代词”代替when, 这时的介词一般为in, at, on等。
Ill never forget the day when (on which) I first come here.
我永远都不会忘记我第一次到这儿的那天。
2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。也可以用“介词+关系代词”代替where, 这时的介词一般为表示方位的at, in , on, beside等。
This is the room where (in which) he lived last year. 这是他去年住过的房间。
3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。也可以用“介词+关系代词”代替why, 这时的介词一般为for。
Thats the reason why (for which) he was late for school. 这就是他上学迟到的原因。
4.that 可用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。
This is the place (that / where / in which) he works. 这是他工作的地方。
非限制性定语从句
关系代词和关系副词在非限制性定语从句中的应用与在限制性定语从句中类似。先行词为人时，用who, whom, whose；先行词为物时，用which。 that不用于非限制性定语从句中。
Mary has a brother, who is an engineer. 玛丽有一个兄弟，他是一位工程师。
She has six cousins, three of whom lived to grow up.
她有六个表兄弟，其中三个已经长大成人了。
The children are taught by a 32-year-old Englishman, whose wife is an American.
孩子们的老师是一位32岁的英国人，他的妻子是美国人。
非限制性定语从句也可以由where或when 引起。
Last week we visited Hangzhou, where there is a beautiful lake.
上周我们游览了杭州，那儿有一个美丽的湖。
We will put off the party until next week, when we wont be so busy.
我们把晚会推迟到下周，那时我们就不会这么忙了。
篇2：考研英语定语从句语法讲解
1.结构识别：名词+连接词+句子
从本质上讲句子在很多时候也是一个名词，因此这个结构也可以是这样的：句子+连接词+句子。在这种结构中连接词前面一定要出现逗号，这种结构在传统的语法书中也被称为非限定性定语从句。
【例】Kevin gave us a wonderful training course, which left us a deep impression.
【解析】这个句子的前身应该是这样的：Kevin gave us a wonderful training course. It left us a deep impression. it就是指代前面这个句子，这样两个句子就有了共有的名词，连接两个具有共同名词的句子是定语从句的作用，就可以用which代替it，这样就有了示例中的非限定性定语从句。
定语从句的连接词：
关系代词：who, whom, which, that, as, whose
关系连词：when, where, why, how
介词+关系代词：as和that以及who一般不能接到介词后引导句子
2.定语从句的处理方法
A.按照定语的处理方法将定语从句前置，这种处理方式适用于比较短的和起修饰限定作用的定语从句。
B.在考研中大多数的定语从句起的作用是连接句子，因此我们通常把定语从句从整个句子中独立拆分出来单独成为一个句子，这种处理方法的关键是找到连接词，拆分点就是连接词。对于“介词+连接词”引导的定语从句，拆分点就在介词处。
【例】There is something by virtue of which man is man.
【解析】这句话其实是由以下两句话变来的：
1)There is something.
2)Man is man by virtue of this thing.
这两句话中有共有的名词something和this thing，用which替换掉this thing再把of which提前，得到：There is something of which man is man by virtue.
by virtue of是一个相对固定的短语：by为介词，virtue为名词，构成一个介词短语，of短语修饰virtue。为了保持结构的相对完整性，写作的时候最好把by virtue一并提前，得到：There is something by virtue of which man is man.在翻译的时候可以提前，也可以分译。
【译文】存在一种特性，人之所以为人就是由于这种特性。(或：存在一种使人成为人的特性)
3.定语从句的作用
1.连接两个具有共同名词的句子。
【例】I have three books of which the red is my favorite.
【解析】这是一个很简单的句子，定语从句由of which引导，但是这个句子并不是在修饰和限定前面的单词books。这个句子其实是由两个句子合并而成的：
1)I have three books.
2)The red of those books is my favorite.
这两个句子中有共同的名词books，这样就可以合写成一个句子，此时就用到了定语从句的第二个作用：连接两个具有共同名词的句子。把第二个句子中的those books替换成能连接两个句子的关系代词which，这样就能产生了如下这个句子：I have three books, the red of which is my favorite.为了让整个句子更加紧凑就把of which提到books后面，进而形成了刚才的那个句子。
表示因果逻辑关系
【例】America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.
【解析】这句话中有一个定语从句是由whose来引导的，在翻译的时候也有两种处理方法：
1)美国和美国人的繁荣程度超越了欧洲和亚洲人的梦想，他们的经济被战争摧毁了。
2)美国和美国人的繁荣程度超越了欧洲和亚洲人的梦想，因为他们的经济被战争摧毁了。
而后面就有对应这个句子的考题：The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because .
答案：the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitions.
题干对应刚才句子的主句America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians，在表述上进行了同义替换，而正确选项就是对应whose所引导的定语从句。
篇3：考研英语基础语法：定语从句
2015考研英语基础语法：定语从句
在考研英语要求大家掌握的各类从句中，定语从句的出现频率是所有从句中最高的，所以老师在这里为大家讲解一下定语从句的用法及相关的注意事项。
定语从句：用来修饰名词或代词的句子，通常放在被修饰的.词（即先行词）或句子之后，由引导词引出。
一、引导词包括：
1、关系代词――which，that，who，whom，whose，as（关系代词有词义，在从句中做主语、表语、定语）
2、关系副词――when，why，where（代替表示时间、地点或理由的先行词，关系副词在从句中做状语）
二、种类包括：
1、限定性定语从句――对先行词修饰限制，通常不能省略，因为去掉限定性定语从句，主句意思可能会不完整。在限定性定语从句中，关系代词充当动词宾语时，关系代词可以省略。
e.g.At first glance this might seem like a strength that grants the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by external factors.乍一看，这似乎是一种优势，因为它可以是人们不受外界因素的影响而做出决定。（考研英语（一）真题）
2、非限定性定语从句――对先行词补充说明，省略之后不会影响主语意思的完整性，往往用逗号把先行词与非限定性定语从句分隔开。
e.g.If it is trying to upset Google，which relies almost wholly on advertising，it has chosen an indirect method：there is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.如果它要激怒谷歌（谷歌主要依赖于广告盈利），就要选择迂回作战了：因为默认安装DNT并不一定会成为主流。（20考研英语（一）真题）
三、注意事项：
1、限定性定语从句不能修饰整个主句，而非限定性定语从句可以修饰整个主句，修饰整个主句时，定语从句谓语用第三人称单数。
e.g.He seems to be unaware of the terrible situation，which really worries me.他似乎还不了解这糟糕的状况，让我很担心。
2、定语从句有时用as作关系代词引导，as在从句中作主语或宾语。
e.g.Britain‘s Labor Party，as its name implies，has long been associated with trade unionism.正如其名，英国工党和工会组织的关系由来已久。
3、非限定性定语从句如果用as引导，并且as在从句中作主语，则该从句可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。
e.g.As is well known，practice makes perfect.众所周知，熟能生巧。
4、在下列情况中只能用that做引导词，不能用which：
a.先行词是不定代词（如something，anything，nothing，all，none等）或被不定代词修饰；
b.先行词中即有人又有物；
c.先行词是序数词，或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰；
d.主句中已经有who或which，要避免重复；
e.关系代词在从句中作表语且有类比关系。（e.g.He is no longer the star that he was.）
5、在下列情况中，只能用which做引导词，不能用that：
a.在非限定性定语从句中；
b.“介词+关系代词”的结构中；
c.先行词本身是that，则从句中用which.
6、在下列情况中，只能用who做引导词，不能用that：
a.先行词是泛指人称时，如one，anyone，people等；
b.先行词指人且定语从句与先行词被分隔的情况下。
四、定语从句与宾语从句的区别
1、定语从句是用来修饰限制名词的从句，其在本质上相当于形容词，定语从句有相应的先行词；宾语从句时在句中做宾语的句子，本质上相当于名词，宾语从句没有先行词。
2、定语从句往往在被修饰的词或句子之后，宾语从句在动词、介词和形容词之后。
篇4：考研英语 定语从句语法解析
2015考研英语 定语从句语法解析
定语从句是英语学习的难点，也是考研英语考查的重点。掌握考研英语的定语从句从以下维度的内容进行学习：
一、定义
定语从句是指在句中做定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句，其中被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时，其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。
二、定语从句的结构
定语从句一般位于先行词的后面，定语从句由关系代词who，whom， whose， that， which，that，as和关系副词when，where， why等引导。
（一） 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的'先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
（1）who，whom， that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中做主语和宾语。例如：
Is he the man who/thatwants to see you？
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
（2）whose 用作关系词表示所属格，也可看作是关系形容词，因为它后面必须接一个名词连用。不能单独使用。例如：
They rushed overto help the man whose car had broken down.
那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
（3）which，that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等。作宾语时常可省略。例如：
Aprosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in thecountryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/ that在句中作宾语）
（二）关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
（1）关系副词when，where， why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。例如：
Thereare occasions when （onwhich） one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijingis the place where（inwhich） I was born.
北京是我的出生地。
Isthis the reason why（forwhich） he refused ouroffer？
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
（2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when，where， why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
Hisfather died the year （that/ when / in which） he was born.
他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikelyto find the place （that / where /in which） he lived fortyyears ago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
（三）限制性和非限制性定语从句
（1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
Thisis the house which we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
Thehouse， which we bought last month， is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
（2）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：
CharlesSmith， who was my former teacher， retired last year.
查理。史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
Myhouse， which I bought last year， has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
Thisnovel， which I have read three times， is very touching.
这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
（3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，
对其进行修饰，
这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：
Heseems not to have grasped what I meant， which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquidwater changes to vapor， which is called evaporation.
液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
篇5：英语高考重点语法定语从句与写作
01
定语从句基本概念
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
02
定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词包括that， which， who(宾格whom，所有格whose)，as 等。
关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
03
定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。例如：
Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。
2. 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。例如：
The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.
注意：非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词 that。
04
关系代词的用法
1. that
that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如：
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2. which
which 用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如：
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.
我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3. who， whom
who， whom 用于指人，who 用作主语和表语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(who 作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?
正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(whom 作宾语)
4. as
① 引导限定性定语从句时，指与先行词相似的人或物，必须用于 such/so...as...或 the same...as...结构中，例如：
Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.
被他提到的这样的人是诚实的。
Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.
上学期我们数学老师出了一道我们没有一个人会的数学题。
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.
这是和我昨天买的包一样的包。
② 引导非限定性定语从句时，只能修饰句子，可置于被修饰句子后面、前面或主谓之间,翻译成“正如...那样”例如：
The earth moves around the sun, as we all know.
As we all know,The earth moves around the sun.
The earth, as we all know, moves around the sun
③ 在非限制性定语从句中，which和as引导定语从句时的区别：
a. which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可以放在主谓之间。
b. as和which都可以指代一个句子，但as有“正如”、“就像”之意，which则没有此含义。
c. as 引导的非限定定语从句只能修饰句子，which 引导的非限定性定语从句可以修饰句子，也可以修饰名词。
注意
1. 当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，whom, that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：
This is the house in which we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.
请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
2. 含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：
This is the person whom you are looking for.
这就是你要找的那个人。
3. 关系词只能用that的情况：
① 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam.
他是第一个通过考试的人。
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。
② 被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。
③ 先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：
This is the same bike that I lost.
这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
注意： 当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。例如：
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.
王华是我们学校唯一将会出席这个会议的人。
④ 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that.例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
⑤ 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：
Who is the girl that is crying?
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
⑥ 主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
4. 关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：
①先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：
What’s that which is under the desk?
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
②关系代词前有介词时，用which，而不用that.例如：
This is the room in which he lives.
这是他居住的房间。
③引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：
Tom came back， which made us happy.
汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
05
关系副词的用法
1. when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：
This was the time when he arrived.
这是他到达的时间。(when=at which)
2. where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：
This is the place where he works.
这是他工作的地点。(where=at /in which)
3. why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。(why=for which)
篇6：英语高考重点语法定语从句与写作
壹
词汇和语法具体指导
1、动词时态具体指导
动词及其表现出的各种形式是历次考试中语法结构部分的重点。主要是考动词在充当谓语动词时的动词的限定形式(即 动词时态)和不独立充当谓语时的非限定形式(即非谓语动词)以及短语动词。
动词时态共有16 种，常见的有14 种。《基本要求》中规定要掌握的是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在 进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。
做动词时态题应注意以下几点：
1 .注意句子中给出的特定时间状语或相应语境;
2 .在时间或条件从句中，用一般现在时表示将来的动作;
3 .注意时态的呼应。某些从句特别是宾语从句中的动词时态，受主句谓语动词的影响。
动词时态在Section A 、Section B两个部分中都有出现。在SectionB中最难，要求考生写下来。因此，同学们应熟记各种时态的形式。
2、倒装句与强调句具体指导
倒装句与强调句也是考试中的两个常见项目，特别是倒装句。倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装。考试中常见倒装句句型 :
( 1 ) Neither，nor，so +助动词/情态动词+主语so do i
( 2 ) Hardly , never , rarely 开头引起的倒装
( 3 ) Not only … but also; no sooner … than hardly / scarcely … when 等特殊句式引起的倒装
( 4 ) Here , there ，down , away 引起的倒装e.g. Here comes the bus.
( 5 )虚拟语气中的倒装
3、主从复合句具体指导
主从复合句主要出现在Section A 中，多是选择题，也是词汇和语法结构中的难点，尽管所考项目均在初、高中涉及过 ，但因其面广，故同学们还是感到吃力。
考试中常见句型：
( l )主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句等名词性从句
That he is good at skating is known to us all.
I’m not what I used to be.
We agreed that the plan should be carried out soon.
The news that Thailand had an unrest was confirmed.
( 2 )定语从句中的非限定性定语从句及介词+which 从句
( 3 )时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句等状语从句,掌握从句的关键之一就是对引导词的掌握，因此同学们平时要多练习。
贰
写作考点突击
A、B级每年写作考点都是围绕着以下几个主题来出题的：
A级：书信、邮件、邀请函、报告、通知、广告
B级：求职信、邀请信、通知、邮件、广告
注：同学们要熟练掌握练习盘A、B级作文的考点和写作方法，考点相似
同学们在准备写作部分时，应注意熟练掌握考纲所要求的应用文格式，牢记常用句型及单词短语;在考试过程中，应认真审题，准确解读题目要求，(包括文体要求、写作要求、内容要求、字数要求等)，注意语法规范，尽量避免使用没有把握的句型、单词，合理分配考试时间，保证写作完成后必要的检查时间。
篇7：语法精讲定语从句（重点复习）
1、定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句需用下列关联词：
关系代词 关系副词
起连词作用，本身做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语 起连词作用，本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语
who, whom, that, whose, which, as when, where, why
2、掌握以上关系代词、关系副词的含义及使用时，要特别注意以下几点：
1） 指人时宜用who 的情况：
a. 当先行词是 one, ones, anyone 或 those 时，关系代词用 who。
Anyone who goes there will be punished.
b. 在there be 开头的句子中。
There’s a beautiful girl who came to see you this morning.
c. 先行词后有一个较长的定语。
I met a foreigner in the city last week who could speak Chinese well.
d. 在非限定性定语从句中。
She has a brother, who worked at that factory ten years ago.
2) 指物时宜用 that 的情况：
a. 当先行词为 all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时。All that can be done has been done.
b. 当先行词既指人又指物时。
He spoke of the men and the thing (that) he had seen abroad.
c. 当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
This is one of the best films that I have ever seen.
d. 当先行词被 the very, the only, the last, any, every 等修饰时。
This is one of the very book that I am looking for.
e. 当先行词是疑问词 who, what, which 时。
Who that has such a home doesn’t love it?
f. 关系代词在从句中作表语。
Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.
3) 只能用 which 不能用 that 的情况。
a. 引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。
Bruce went towards the fire, which was still smoking.
Tom came back late, which made his parents very angry.
b. 关系代词作介词的宾语。This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
4) 关系代词 as 和which都能引导非限定性定语从句代表整个句子的内容，as
引导的从句可位于句首或句末，which引导的定语从句则不能位于句首。
Which you know, he is a good man. (×)
As you know, he is a good man. (√)
6)关系副词when, where, why其含义相当于on which, in which for which等，可以互换：
The day when /on which I met him first was May 1st.
I don’t know the reason why /for which he didn’t come.
7)whose指物时，可以与of which等结构互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系：
This is the book the cover of which / of which the cover / whose cover is blue.
8)有时可用代替关系副词。在口语中常省略。
This is the reason (why / for which / that) he came late.
9)先行词是专有名词、整个句子或世界上独一无二的物质名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。The sun, which gives us light and heat, is very big.
10)在先行词和定语从句之间有无逗号有时会引起名义的变化：
He said nothing that made her angry. 他没说使她生气的话。
He said nothing, which made her angry. 他一言不发，这使她很生气。
3、定语从句与强调结构
It is the place where they lived before.
It is in the place that they lived before.
第一个句子为定语从句，where指代the place，在定语从句中作状语，第二个句子为强调结构，强调in the place, that没有意义，把放回后面句子，句子意思完整。
Where is it that he found the lost watch? (强调句型，强调疑问副词where.)
Where is the watch he found yesterday? (定语从句，that指代the watch.)
4、定语从句中的先行词
Is this book the one that you bought yesterday?
Is this the book that you bought yesterday?
第一个句子中，this book是主句的主语，the one是先行词。在第二个句子中this是主句的主语，the book是先行词。一定要避免出现：Is this book that you bought yesterday?
5、定语从句与同位语从句
定语从句相当于形容词，它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用，而同位语从句则相当于名词，对其前面的词给予说明或作进一步解释，即说明该词所表示的具体内容。例如：
The news that we heard is not true. (定语从句)
The news that he won the prize is not true. （同位语从句）
另: 在“have no idea ＋从句”结构中，其从句都作idea的同位语。例如：
I have no idea when she will be back.
定语从句专项练习
1. I shall never forget those years ___________ I lived in the country with the farmers, _________ has a great effect on my life.
A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who
2. Wilma became the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals in track, _______ made her mother very proud.
A. it B. that C. which D. this
3. Can you tell me the name of the factory ____________ you visited last week?
A. what B. where C. / D. when
4. I don’t like the way ___________ you speak to her.
A. / B. in that C. which D. of which
5. The most important thing __________ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said.
A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that
6. She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons __________ none of us has ever heard of.
A. which B. who C. whom D. that
7. He never reads anything _________ is not worth reading.
A. which B. as C. who D. that
8. I have bought such a watch ___________ was advertised on TV.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
9. _______ was expected, he failed in the exam.
A. That B. As C. Which D. It
10. I can never forget the day _________ we worked together and the day ________ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
11. The children climbed up the hill, _________ they picnicked.
A. on its top B. on the top of it C. on whose top D. on the top of that
12. I still remember the day __________ I first came to the college.
A. on which B. in which C. at which D. which
13. They will never forget the day _________ they got married.
A. that B. which C. in which D. when
14. He makes good use of the time _________ he can spare.
A. when B. that C. in that D. in which
15. The factory ___________ his mother works is in the east of the city.
A. that B. which C. on which D. where
16. The place _________ interested me most was the Children’s Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
17. That is the reason ________ he wasn’t here yesterday.
A. why B. which C. on which D. in which
18. That is the reason ________ he can’t say.
A. why B. that C. what D. in which
19. You have no idea _________ worried I was.
A. how B. however C. that D. where
高考试题选练
1. The film brought the hours back to me __________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
2. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _________ was true.
A. he B. this C. which D. who
3. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _________ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
4. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ________ leading actor is world famous.
A. is B. it’s C. whose D. which
5. The famous basketball star, _______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. where B. when C. which D. who
6. The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
7. ________ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
8. I work in a business ________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
9. Anyway, that evening, _________ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
10. There were dirty marks on her trousers ________ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
篇8：高考英语定语从句考点
一、考查关系代词that和 which的区别
1.Finally ，the thief handed everything _____ he had stolen to the police.(MET'87)
A.which B.what C.whatever D.that
2.All _____ is needed is a supply of oil.(MET'89)
A.the thing B.that C.what D.which
答案及简析：
1.D。2.B。that和which都能指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，但下列情况下，常用that，不用which：①先行词是all， everything，anything，nothing等不定代词。②先行词指物且被形容词最高级、序数词或all，no，only，the very，the last等修饰。③先行词既指人又指物。
二、考查关系代词whose
3.A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan.(MET'86)
A.which B.his C.whose D.with
答案及简析：
3.C。关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语，修饰其后的名词，意为“……的”。有时“whose +n.”可转换为“n.+of+which /whom”。如：
The building whose roof(=the roof of which)we can see from here is a hotel.
This kind of book is for the students whose native language(=the native language of whom)isn't English.
三、考查关系代词与关系副词的差异
4.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a child.(NMET'96)
A.which B.where C.that D.when
5.I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together.(NMET'95短文改错)
答案及简析：
4.B。5.去掉when或when→that/which。如何选用关系代词和关系副词呢?关键是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分。决不能只按先行词是地点名词就用 where，先行词是时间名词就用when，先行词是reason就用why。有时，命题者还会在先行词与引导词之间加入附加成分，影响考生正常解题思路，做题时，要特别注意。
四、考查“介词+关系代词”
6.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows， most of _____ hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.(MET'90)
A.these B.those C.that D.which
答案及简析：
6.D。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词一般只有which，whom。先行词是物时，用which，先行词是人时，用whom。介词的选定一般依据下列三点：①看定语从句中的形容词与哪一个介词组成固定搭配②看先行词与哪一个介词组成习惯搭配③看定语从句中的动词与哪一个介词组成习惯搭配。
五、考查非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别
7.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play，_____ ，of course，made the others unhappy.(NMET2000)
A.who B.which C.this D.what
8.I shall never forget those years _____ I lived in the country with the farmers，_____ has a great effect on my life.(上海94)
A.that;which B.when;which C.which;that D.when;who
答案及简析：7.B。8.B。原因见本期第2面。
六、考查as引导的非限制性定语从句
9._____ is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.(NMET2001)
A.It B.As C.That D.What
答案及简析：
9.B。as，which均可用来引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，但as引出的从句可放在句首、句中或句末，which引出的从句通常只能放在主句后面。
★ 定语从句练习题
★ 定语从句单句改错
★ 初中定语从句试题
高考英语第一轮复习语法资料:定语从句（通用8篇）
