“元夕暗”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了8篇举一反三拿下托福写作高分，下面是小编为大家整理后的举一反三拿下托福写作高分，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助您。
篇1：举一反三拿下托福写作高分
举一反三拿下托福写作高分
先来看一个托福写作备考高分例题一：
1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? University students should be required to take history courses no matter what field they study.
托福写作备考高分题目分析：本题中的history曾经被替换成basic science，那么就不排除将来会变成mathematics，foreign language等等的可能性。如果每看见一个新的版本就从零开始思考的话，时间上还真是相当紧迫。
那么想要短时间内掌握托福写作备考高分技巧，就需要知道无论这个课程换成什么，其基本原理都一样。学生感兴趣或者对学生有用就得学，学生不感兴趣或者对学生没用就不用学。有用还可以进一步区分为对生活、学业和就业等几个方面讨论。记住这一基本原则，同学们仅需把例证换一下就大功告成啦。
托福写作备考高分例题二：
2. Do you agree or disagree that with the following statement? People rely on their neighbors less now than they did in the past.
托福写作备考高分例题分析：本题中的neighbors也是被替换的常见对象，比如friends, colleagues, parents等等都可以成为将来的考题。
因此，本题的重点不是弄清楚到底哪个时段的人更加依赖邻居，而是人们在什么情况下会依赖他人。
遇到麻烦基本是这一行为的前提条件，然后至于为什么非得是那一种人，基本可能是近在咫尺/相互信任/别无选择等，接下来考生照例根据设定好的情况，量体裁衣，把考官想看的例证编给他看就是了。
托福写作备考高分例题三：
3. Do you agree or disagree that with the following statement? The car (automobile) has had greater effect on society than the airplane has.
托福写作备考高分例题分析：本题中两个比较的对象都曾经被替换过。事实上，任意两种有一定可比性的东西，都可以成为本题的候选人，比如电话和电视，电话和手机，电脑和手机，书籍和电脑等等。
同样，可以被替换的一定不是重点，所以本题的重点是greater effect。什么叫影响力大?影响范围广、时间长、人数多就叫影响力大，另外离了它不行也叫影响力大。接下来，又是各位考生发挥举例子、列数据等强项的时候啦。
以上就是托福写作备考高分做题思路的三个例题分析，当然类似的套路还有很多，希望同学们自己也可以经常总结和归纳。
详解托福写作考试中常用的8种从句的精确作用方法
在托福写作过程中，我们一直就为强调不要使用太多的复杂句。但是，我们也要明白学会使用一些好的从句在文章中也一样能够出彩，这些从句分别就是，定语从句，非限定性定语从句，宾语从句，同位语，介宾结构，并列结构，固定搭配，以及地道的表达方式。下面就为大家一一讲述一下这些句法的使用。
定语从句的代表就是：The difference is very obvious, so the modern people who have high technology would easier to be successful.里面的who have high technology
非限定性定语从句的代表：The standard is very wide and abstract, which are against the standard of the students’ score’s narrowness and rigidity.里面的which are against the standard of the students’ score’s narrowness and rigidity.
宾语从句的代表是：We have to admit that grandparents would not be able to give suggestions when we are in trouble with these new technologies or when we are in problems with specific characteristics of this generation.之中的that grandparents would not be able to give suggestions when we are in trouble with these new technologies or when we are in problems with specific characteristics of this generation.
同位语：Thomas Jefferson，the third president of the United States，may be less fa- mous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln.里面的the third president of the United States.
介宾结构的代表是： Also, in political negotiations, possessing of a solid oral expression would give the government more lead in negotiation and prevent possible misunderstandings when discussing specific details.这里的in political negotiations
并列结构很重要，他的代表是：Internet, smart phones and computers are filled in every corner of our daily lives.他们的Internet, smart phones and computers。显然并列结构会让人感觉论证很充分，很令人信服。
固定搭配的代表就是：For instance, the computer plays an important role in our life in terms of efficiency.里面的plays an important role。
地道的表达的代表则是Given the past, I had to go to the library and bury me a couple of days looking for the information on nuclear energy without the assistance of computers.里面的Given the past
前面这是第一部分，不过说实话，这还是简单易学的。但是有一些其实是要改变我们整体的思维方式，由此来改变我们的写作或者说表达方式，其实这一点上是难度很高的。比如说这句话The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.
其实我们想一下就会发现，我们自己写，很多时候不会这么写，我们写的很有可能是The desertification is extremely seriousness. Because the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people was affected, as well as reversing or even slowing the process is very difficulty.这其实是难度很高的。但往往也就是因为这个核心部分，而决定了一个分数段上的差别。
篇2：托福写作高分
题目：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
In order to success in study or job, the ability to adjust or adapt to changing condition or circumstance is more important than having knowledge.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
篇3：托福写作高分
题目
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
Nowadays, children rely too much on the technology, like computers, smartphone, video games, for fun and entertainment; Playing simpler toys or playing outside with friends would be better for the children's development.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
范文1：Argument 1 (for)
Children today rely too much on technology for entertainment. If children played with simple toys or spent time outside with friends, they would be physically healthier, be better at social interactions, and would have a working basis for many practical sciences.
分论点1:有助于健康 Probably the most obvious benefit of stepping away from technology and into the outdoors is an increase in physical activity, which directly transfers to increased health.Countless studies have shown that excessive sitting and watching a screen leads to obesity, heart disease, and other disorders(不运动的坏处). If kids are restricted in their use of technology, they will have to move more. They will have better eye-hand coordination from manipulating toys and throwing balls; they will have more muscle tone from running and riding bicycles or balancing on skateboards. Increased activity directly translates into increased physical health(运动的益处万能句).
分论点2:有助于社交Another reason that children should be encouraged to use less technology is so that they increase their social skills. If children interact, they naturally learn basic skills such as sharing and taking turns(社交的益处万能句1). In addition, their compassion and understanding will also grow(社交的益处万能句2). Children who interact with each otherbecome more articulate in speaking and expressing a wide range of ideas(社交的益处万能句3). Such opportunities do not exist when the child is hidden inside the house playing video games; such interaction is only possible face-to-face. Therefore, children should be encouraged to play with each other rather than entertaining themselves using technology.
分论点3：有助于积累经验 A final benefit of using simple toys is that children get a wide range of experiences that form the backbone of later study about sciences such as physics and engineering. By playing with blocks, bicycles, and balls, kids learn about balance, velocity, and gravity. Of course, the kids are not mastering the math behind the principles. However, they are developing a sound working knowledge that will help them understand the concepts in a way that they cannot do in the unreal world of video games where magic and fantasy are commonplace.
Playing with friends and simple toys, children become physically fit, develop social skills, and create a foundation for later study of the sciences. Therefore, children should be encouraged to spend more time doing such activities rather than entertaining themselves with technology.
step away from
远离，摆脱
eye-hand coordination
手眼协调
take turns
轮流，依次
become articulate in _X
在 _X 方面变得清晰
form the backbone of _X
构成了 _X 的基础
in a way that YYY
以一种 YYY 的方式
篇4：托福写作高分
For success in work or school, it is more important to be able to adapt to new circumstances than to have specific knowledge.
While knowledge is of course needed to get a job done, a person who can adapt well can find the information needed to succeed. A person does not need to know everything as long as he knows how to find answers. This point is made clear through a simple situation: a person needs to make a telephone call. The person can remember the telephone number and make the call. However, a person without that knowledge can still make the call if he is flexible enough to search for the phone number from a friend, a phone book, the internet, or other resource. It is clear that ability to learn is more effective than knowing the answer when an unfamiliar phone number is needed.
A person who can adapt can also bring new innovations to a workplace. Instead of just following the same pattern that everyone else uses, the adaptable personcan see better ways to complete tasks. For example, he could streamline processes or simplify procedures so that time and money is saved. The person is a much more valuable asset to the company than a person who sticks to routine. The adaptable person is therefore more likely to be promoted or given pay raisesbecause of his productivity.
Finally, an adaptable person can better handle crises or unexpected situations. Even if he does not have specific answers, he can react quickly and capably in an emergency. A dramatic example is when a fire breaks out in the building. A person who does not adapt well may panic or freeze. Alternately, he may stubbornly try to complete a task such as shutting down his computer before fleeing the building. By contrast, the adaptable person does not need to know procedures to use unfamiliar fire extinguishing equipment, seek safety, or help others find their way out of the building. This ability to deal with problems helps in ordinary situations such as organizational restructuring or transfers, too.
The ability to adapt helps a person succeed in many aspects of work and regular life. The person can solve problems, create more productive systems, and react effectively in new situations. Therefore, the ability to adapt is more important than having specific knowledge.
词句积累
knowledge is of course needed to get a job done 完成工作当然需要知识
the adaptable person 适应性强的人
streamline processes 精简流程
simplify procedures 简化程序
stick to routine 坚持常规
pay raises 涨薪
react quickly and capably in an emergency 在紧急情况下反应迅速和敏捷
篇5：托福写作高分经验
【托福写作高分经验】托福写作高分经验分享 从22分到29分的飞跃
凭良心讲，一年前我也不会写。第一次考22，两个fair.后来我就猛看了一本叫老美185的书，就是美国人写的东西。感觉收获不少。二战的时候独立作文就good了，24的分。但是居然前面一篇还是fair，我当然是不甘心的。但是一年之后我的gmat准备二战，那个时候我根本来不及，就准备了一下综合作文，当时确实是时间来不及，不是我故意不复习，作文我就写过一篇综合作文，算是把模板背了一遍，但是结果出来我很惊讶，得了6.0分。所以托福三战的时候我信心满满，这次我这是把og的综合作文研究了一下，写了自己的模板，就这么上了。不过上了考场以后，我觉得综合作文最后一篇没来得及写完，写了480的样子。所以这一次的结果是前一篇good，后一篇fair。怪我自己太轻敌。所以我四战了。这一次我把og的两篇作文好好研究了一下，回想了以前总结的写作文的经验，临考的晚上随便找了一篇文章的综合作文，练习了框架，所以两篇good，是29了。
根据我的经验，写作文不难，考前一天好好强化一下技巧，回顾一下历史比较重要，我现在把我的经验随便写一点在这里吧，算是回馈一下大家：
1.托福作文到底要花多少时间?这个问题有两说，你是有技巧还是有实力?如果你没有实力，这个时间花得就挺长的。从我一战到二战我就看了一个月的老美185，怎么说呢，它的idea很傻，没有李晓来的清楚，结构上绝对是比较失败的，但是它的语言的流畅程度是李晓来望尘莫及的。特别是一些句式。关于这一点我强烈建议大家把题库185至少看一遍，当然现在题库更新了，185我觉得好像都拿来做口语题了。所以不要以为都写过就很N了，关键是过一遍，一天看50题，3天空闲时间就看完了。看的时候看看到底哪篇文章不会写，去找李晓来的高分185，不要看文章。不能看，看前面的中文提纲(PS，中文有时候和下面英文牛头不对马嘴的，那就要去看看英文了)。当然看老美185是非常重要的，我当时二战的前看了50来篇，背了2篇我觉得最好的。总之就是掌握一个人家的句法。有童鞋说时间不够，哪里看得了那么多，我记得网上有人家整理的托福句子200句，都是很好的句型。我翻来覆去看了好几遍。有时候在车上啊，路上啊，就看了。很有帮助。我说的这个过程就是实力提高的过程。所以花的时间会比较长。
当然，如果你的实力已经有了，技巧的话要花多长时间?累计考前不超过10小时吧，以你看书的速度决定，我是一个晚上左右~比如准备一下案例(这些网上也有童鞋整理好了的)，我就不重新发来浪费大家时间了，但是我要声明的是，这些案例多数用不上，只是看了心理安慰的。我一般是早上坐车去考试的时候在车上看的，看过一次的话，再看估计也就20几分钟吧，记住人名和关键词。但是真是没用上，大家参考。然后考前几天有空的时候看两句200句里面的句型，对自己绝对有潜移默化的影响。所以我后面2次考T以及之前一次考G的作文，都是相当轻松的，没怎么写。但是我的经验和教训就是，模板要背一遍，框架找一篇jj里面的，随便一篇，你不是很会写那种，练个框架。
PS：我个人不是很建议大家把jj里面的文章全都写一遍，一方面浪费宝贵的复习时间，另一方面，你考试的时候如果真考到，就会比较刻意地去复制以前的作文。我觉得写作最重要的是创作的过程，只有写得你自己觉得才思泉涌，才能写出好文章。背出来的文章，说不定会有很多瑕疵。个人感觉，大家参考，我是比较喜欢创作的人。不喜欢按部就班。。。这就是为啥我的口语虽然pronounciation很好，但是停留在22 23的水平了。因为很大的原因是我不喜欢背东西。一旦背东西，我听起来就不是说口语了。
2.前面说到了准备时间的问题。我现在有几个技巧，特别要说一下，掌握着几个技巧，我觉得独立作文就差不多了。
首先，是结构，怎么样让结构清晰?不是只有first， second这么土的词的。又不是写法律，如果不是黔驴技穷，尽量换点词。比如说in the first place啊，at the very beginning，again，also。。。。好多好多我就不说这种常识了。当然了，如果你确实是一下子想不起来(虽然有这种情况的备案，我还是这是unjustified的，你有一个晚上准备，这几个词应该是提前准备好的，随便用的)，怎么办呢。如果你说了firstly，不一定要说secondly，就算你连secondly这个词也不知道怎么写，那千万别用thirdly，换个词嘛。furthermore，what's more， in addion....写文章我觉得最忌讳的是人家能预测到你的下一个词，这样人家就不想看了。当然回到托福这个问题上而言，结构一定要清楚!非常强调这一点。三战的时候我就是结构有点混乱了才24的。
但是结构也不是一层不变的，就只有首先然后再然后么?我觉得这个最好是放在小结构里面。一般文章我建议大家有两个框架，第一个是大框架，表明辩证关系，第二个是supporting 框架，表明递进关系。我就不信这样你都没得写了。是怕你写不完的。。。
其次，就是句型。这个我前面说过了，没事随便看看。嗯~背几句。当然我建议大家是找一篇句型特多，结构清楚的文章来背。这样，你就啥都有了~Jtrchina和我会说他背了7000字的口语和作文材料。反正我是膜拜的，我不用心，也不敢和他比。他的暴力法也挺有用。看大家适合什么方法吧。
最后是例子，有人说例子没有怎么办，没有什么怎么办的。挖掘你自己啊，用本山的小品说，就是往祖坟上刨。多数事情我们都有经历，往自己身上扯的好处是，1.木有考证，没有对错，名人就不同了，有对错之分。。。2.最熟悉，不会有不会写的词。你说你自己就是I吧，说issac Newton要多少字，打错了还有negative impression。当然了，有同学记忆力好，多写点也没关系。我写的时候是到处扯的。普遍联系的观点，这次作文我还说道北朝鲜的独裁制度啥的，这种东西新闻里面天天有，平常多看cnn，里面观点很火辣。你就有素材了。但是这是锦上添花，最基本的还是刨你自己，你爸妈，你七大姑八大姨。
不过supporting ideas可不需要段段都有for example的例子，你想想，那得多俗啊。我特别忌讳用for example，然后后一面一堆。不知道大家有没有经验，一般我们reading的时候看到这个词汇，是不是就不看了?看个主体，看个大概。你用这个词不是警示人家不要看么?我会说一堆推理，然后悄悄的灌输思想。等我说完，再来一句，this is how it works~他才发现他已经看完了，后悔也来不及了。哈哈~
说到这里，结构，句式，和内容都有了。好像作文是差不多了，但是不是的，还有综合作文。我一直以为综合作文可以一样对待，结果发现不是的。根据我对og满分范文的研究(就一篇，大家研究吧，就一篇多了也么有)，以上技巧+模板不能完全适用于综合作文。综合作文是你在转述，独立作文是自述。
但是转述也不是说没有自己观点的。你要证明给别人看，你用了脑子的，没有当复读机，所以我不建议大家重复原文的话，反而要总结成概括性的句子，放在每一段。当然模板也是很需要的，这个自己做吧~网上也有，但是我还是建议自己做。模板作用就是加快速度。模板的内容就是一个label和对比的作用。哪些是作者说的，哪些是professor说的，然后对比，比如while，however，on the contrary的样子。
但是人家没说的话你要不要说?很多人问这个问题，当然要说了。要不怎么证明你用了脑子，但是你不能说自己的观点。全文不能出现I believe这种话。关键是总结出作者的逻辑关系。实话告诉各位，哪怕没听全都不要怕，我这次就没听全，我听力的时候突然周围开始狂口语。我比他们进去得早，突然一下子吵不习惯。还好是到了尾声了。作者说全的话也不一定要全写出来。用自己的语言概括逻辑关系。我举个例子吧，eg.文章说A是错误的，但是作者refute了3个原因。其中一个原因是，虽然会出现这样的现象，但是有可能是被其它的原因干扰，比如云云，和A无关。这句话的核心就是与A无关。可以把这句话提出来。然后可以加上一些你自己认为的合理的分析。但是是从speech maker的角度去想的分析，他可以没说，你要把他没说的说了~而且还不能I think，因为是由ta 说的推出的。你分析好了再对比一次。“
3.就是字数吧。我个人觉得越多越好。第一篇我写了480，第二篇我写了580的样子。字数取胜，越多越好。
我写的纯属自己的亲身经历，而且，如果你们理解了就会发现，托福是个八股文产物，如果你能表现出那么一点点创造力，又符合它八股文的要求，你就可以双good了。
托福阅读：如何选择合适的英文原著
在阅读考试中能力更为重要?
很多刚来新东方上课的同学总有一个梦想，就是希望我们老师可以传授他一套神秘的做题技巧，学到之后就可以在单词不认识，句子看不懂的情况下答对题目。所以当我第一节课想跟学生分析长难句时，有的同学就有点小失望，说自己考试很急，希望可以直接先学做题套路，这时候我就要跟他讲道理了。我说，这就好像我有一本射雕英雄传里的九阴真经，要是拿出来直接给你练，你啥内功也没有，相信我，你一定会走火入魔练成神经病的，郭靖之所以可以练，是因为他学会了全真教正确的呼吸吐纳练内功的方法，并且已经有很深厚的内功积累了，再练各种真经，就是锦上添花迅速进步了。
所以说，我们想要提高阅读考试的成绩，最根本的还是提高自己的阅读能力，这里的能力包括积累一定的词汇量，掌握分析各种长难句分析的方法，通俗的讲，就是要真的能看懂题目看懂文章，这样的话，最后再学个做题套路，基本就是稳稳的高分了。我印象特别深的就是几年前带过的一个冲刺班，班里五个同学，程度都不错，就是我所说的能够看懂文章的同学，所以在学完课程后，五个同学中有四个轻松考到了28，29，29，30这样的分数，我没有花太多额外的力气，他们也没有特别痛苦，就拿到了理想的分数。而一些基础特别弱的同学，词汇量不够，句子看不懂，就吃力多了，哪怕学会了所有技巧，依旧很可能在个位数徘徊，分数由天定，看当天考试运气。而从个位数冲两位数就无论如何逃不掉能力积累的过程了。因此，哪怕是应试，我也是非常不赞成临时抱佛脚的，功夫一定是下在前面的，这也是为什么我希望大家可以尽早的开始积累，开始阅读。
为什么希望大家不仅要阅读，
还要把阅读变成习惯?
阅读能力的培养主要是词汇积累和长难句的理解分析，我个人觉得，又有效又有趣的学习积累方法，就是原文书的阅读了。首先原文书的阅读对提高词汇量非常有帮助。大家应该都有背厚厚的词汇书的体验，背到把单词的位置都记下来了，但偏偏单词出现在文章里又想不起来意思。这是因为大家在背单词时，总是习惯只看离单词最近的中文释义，懒得去研究单词的语境，如果碰到记忆过的很熟悉的单词就更不会去琢磨这个单词真正的含义了，导致的结果就是碰到语境无法产生条件反射，碰到词汇题各种栽更头，可以给大家举一个TPO24的词汇题的例子：
gain 大家都认识的，获得，有同学就觉得很奇怪了，选项没有一个翻译出来是“获得”的意思，想要去上下文推断，这其实是不对的，我们要思考的应该是什么叫“获得”，以及gain 这个词一般出现在怎样的语境里面。如果你看到过这样的语境，说：某人最近吃的特别多，然后gain weight了，我想这个词汇题就完全难不倒你了，因为你知道这里的获得重量就是增重的意思，是lose weight的反义词。那刚刚的词汇题就肯定毫不犹豫选increases了。养成阅读习惯的好处，就是加强词汇在语境中意思的记忆，带着语境认识的单词才是你真正认识，真正理解的单词，同时，读文章过程中反复遇到单词，就是一遍遍加深记忆的过程，词汇记忆的奥义就是重复，反复记忆，阅读提供了这样的机会。
除了对单词积累的帮助，多看句子肯定是可以加强语感的，反复阅读反复练习长难句理解的方法，从看不大懂，到有点看懂，到可以慢慢看懂，最后可以熟练看懂，就是阅读能力最大的成长了。当然，光心血来潮读几天是没有用的，读书讲求坚持，一开始会比较痛苦，但如果可以坚持看完一本书的10%，接下来会越来越轻松，会沉浸到作者的世界里，会获得成就感。这时，你便有能力拥有一个世界上最经济的兴趣爱好了——阅读。
如何挑选适合自己阅读水平的原文书
最后，关于怎样挑选合适自己阅读的英文书。首先大家要知道英语书分为小说类和非小说类，其中小说的难度往往是大于非小说的，而托福考试因为是语言类考试，选取的是相对语言难度低一些的非小说类的学术文章，而像SAT和ACT这样的考试，就会涉及到小说类文章。备考托福的同学，可以优先选择非小说类文章，而之后还要备考SAT或ACT考试的同学就可以循序渐进到小说类文章的阅读了。
选择适合自己的阅读材料要遵循三个原则：一是要感兴趣，二是要有质量保证，三是要难度适中。英文阅读本身就是一件有挑战的事儿，如果文章话题再让人提不起兴趣，那谁都很难坚持下去。比如，有的同学对世界政治、经济等话题很感兴趣，可以选择坚持阅读《经济学人》，有的同学喜欢有点小文艺的文章，可以读读《纽约客》，如果有同学不仅备考托福，还要备考SAT，经典小说也是不错的选择。还有同学如果真的对这些都不感冒，任何有点兴趣的原文书都是可以的，哈利波特可以，____都可以，总比不读书强。
当然一定要保证阅读材料的质量。千万不要选择网上没有可靠来源的文章，而要选择正规出版物，以免受到误导。 最后，寻找难度适中的读物。刚刚我已经给大家推荐了一个阅读能力测评网站，大家的蓝思指数可以在ReadingPro官网通过阅读测试获得。下面就告诉大家原文书的蓝思指数在哪里，除了刚刚的ReadingPro官网也有不少读物的蓝思指数，更多更权威的原文书原文材料的蓝思指数是可以在蓝思官网www.lexile.com查询得到的，二者之间进行匹配就可以找到难度适中的读物了。比如我的蓝思指数是1600，那我就可以选择蓝思指数在1500-1650之间的书本进行阅读了。
有了合适的阅读材料，我们就要选择适合自己的阅读方式了。现在的阅读渠道比较多，除了纸质书，还可以从网页上，手机App上和Kindle上进行阅读。我个人比较推荐的是纸质书和Kindle。网页和手机比较容易让人在阅读时分心，同时屏幕对眼睛也不是特别好，不推荐使用。如果实在客观条件只允许使用电脑网页的话，可以选择依旧在ReadingPro的平台上阅读，他的优势是界面比较友好，有大量免费的经典文学名著和分级读物可供大家在网页上进行阅读，平台还自带查词功能。我个人最喜欢的是Kindle, 电子油墨屏跟纸张感觉很像，看久了也不会累，而且现在Kindle格式的书本网上资源非常多，大家只要百度书名.mobi就可以搜到Kindle上可以阅读的书本了。
托福阅读：我们都是柯南，详解推断题
推断题，顾名思义，就是要做一定的推理，于是，同学们沸腾了，推理啊!谁不会啊!毛利小五郎上身!神探夏洛克附体!我就是柯南!五花八门，无奇不有，无孔不入，似乎每个选项都很有道理!于是，陷入死循环，等到再遇到这样的题型，只能凭感觉，看到哪个选项顺眼，就选择哪个选项。然后，你就错了。
那么，今天我们从一个最简单的角度来攻破推断题，即反向推理。
反向推理，指当事物A和事物B特征相反，现在已知事物A特征，问B特征时，那么B等于A的反向特征。而其中，最为明显的在于时间前后的推理。我们先看一道非常简单的真题。
【Paragraph 1】The story of the westward movement of population in the United States is, in the main, the story of the expansion of American agriculture—of the development of new areas for the raising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton. After 1815 improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy. During periods when commodity prices were high, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly. ”Old America seemed to be breaking up and moving westward,“ observed an English visitor in 1817,during the first great wave of migration. Emigration to the West reached a peak in the 1830's. Whereas in 1810 only a seventh of the American people lived west of the Appalachian Mountains, by 1840 more than a third lived there.
1.What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western farmers prior to 1815?
A.They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton.
B. They were able to sell their produce at high prices.
C. They had not been successful in raising cattle.
D. They did not operate in a national market economy.
本题中有非常明显的信息可以帮助我们定位，即年份数字“1815”，定位到原文After 1815 improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy. 在18之后，改进的交通方式使得越来越多的西部弄明逃开了自给自足的生活方式，进入了国家市场经济。这是讲在1815年之后的事情，而题干中问的是“prior to 1815”，即在1815年之前，那么根据反向推理原理，直接对1815年之后的事情取反，即“在1815年之前，交通方式还未改进，人们是自给自足的生活方式，还未进入国家市场经济”，直接对应D选项。所以本题选择D选项。
在托福阅读考试当中，时间上的反向推理题还有很多很多，难度也可能会更高，比如，我们再来一道题。
【Paragraph 1】It was not until the Cambrian period, beginning about 600 million years ago, that a great proliferation of macroscopic species occurred on Earth and produced a fossil record that allows us to track the rise and fall of biodiversity. Since the Cambrian period, biodiversity has generally risen, but there have been some notable exceptions. Biodiversity collapsed dramatically during at least five periods because of mass extinctions around the globe. The five major mass extinctions receive most of the attention, but they are only one end of a spectrum of extinction events. Collectively, more species went extinct during smaller events that were less dramatic but more frequent. The best known of the five major extinction events, the one that saw the demise of the dinosaurs, is the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction.
2. Paragraph 1 supports which of the following statements about life on Earth before the Cambrian period?
A. Biodiversity levels were steady, as indicated by the fossil record.
B. Levels of biodiversity could not be tracked.
C. The most dramatic extinction episode occurred.
D. Few microscopic species existed.
本题中我们可以根据专业词汇“Cambrian period”定位到It was not until the Cambrian period, beginning about 600 million years ago, that a great proliferation of macroscopic species occurred on Earth and produced a fossil record that allows us to track the rise and fall of biodiversity. 直到六亿年前的寒武纪时期，肉眼可见的生物才在地球上大量出现并产生可以让我们了解物种多样性兴衰的化石。可是题干中用的是“before the Cambrian period”，即寒武纪之前，那么只要将原文中寒武纪之后的内容取反，即“在寒武纪之前，肉眼可见的生物还没有大量出现，我们还不能了解物种的多样性”，对应B选项。
所以，当问题或原句信息中出现了明确的在某种时间前后发生的事件时，大家要注意作者已经在给出一定的提示了，我们可以通过前后的信息进行推断。
从这个角度看来，其实，阅读的推断题，很可爱对吗?只要我们了解它的出题原理和作者的出题意图，明确原文中句子间的逻辑关系，其实推断题并不是为难广大考生的绊脚石，而是帮助我们取得阅读高分、提升阅读理解能力的好工具!
托福写作高分经验分享
篇6：托福写作高分经验
托福写作高分经验丨把握写作套路轻松拿高分
一.托福写作与GRE、SAT写作比较
其实对于考过GRE的人来说，与考过SAT的 人，对于这两种人来说，作文是两种截然不同的东西。对考过GRE的人来说，作文来自于理性星球，它是一个思辨的精灵，无论作文说了什么，我们都要尽力找出 其中的逻辑漏洞，然后用精密制导导弹击毁之，是否有例子来支撑自己的观点，其实并不特别重要，只要逻辑合理就可以。这里更像是几个哲学教授的辩论。
SAT作文则是另外一个星球上的人，他们来自与感性星球，SAT作文是一个爱讲故事的小王子，在这里你如果能够有自己的思想，并且有自己的深刻感受，当然这些感受都是从故事之中来的，那么你就会得到王子的水晶鞋。这里更像是几个中国小学生的讲故事比赛。
而托福考试的作文则是来自于第三个星球，这是一个属于校园的星球，这里的每个人都是嗷嗷待哺的小野兽，是的，你们可以想象一下《怪物大学》。这里面的每个人 都所知不多，但是求知欲很强，都想得到新的知识，但是对于新的知识，又很难理解。因此总是需要很多深入浅出的例子，来对于这些新的知识和概念进行解释。这 里的人不需要太多的思考，写作文的人是这个课堂上的绝对权威，这意味着不会有人质疑你，你只要能够用恰当的例子自圆其说就好了。请注意，你是一定要有例子 来自圆其说的!否则台底下的小野兽，是听不懂你在说什么的，因为他们无法理解这些抽象的概念和知识。
二.把握托福写作套路
对于托福考试来说，其实要你做的事情十分的简单，就是给出你的3条理由，支持问题可以，反对提出的问题也可以，只要你最后有自己一个明确的观点即可，根 本不需要你有任何思辨的能力。而且也不建议有任何思辨的内容，因为按照中国学生的英语表达能力，很有可能写出，我看到你考上了清华，我很高兴，我真是含笑 九泉了，这样的句子。换句话说，在你表达能力不过关的时候，你这些思辨的内容，只会让判卷的考官，对你的想法丈二和尚摸不着头脑。
同时也不要像SAT作文一样全是例子，因为如果只在单纯的讲故事的话，你是没有论点的，而人家托福作文要的就是论点，你不给人家论点，这就不符合人家的要 求，这就好像是你女朋友家只有23平米，但是你非要给人家装一个厂房用的中央空调一样不合时宜，人家女神要什么，你就给什么吗，你虽然有更好的东西，等人 家要的时候你再给吗，人家不要，你偏要给，这多不合时宜啊，是吧，中央空调。
而且这里需要特别注意的是例子，一定要够细!最好说清在哪一年，哪一天，哪一个具体的人，这个人在大学或者公司当中处在什么位置，如果只想说公司的话，那就 要说清楚这个公司或者大学，在本行业当中排名第几，只有这样的例子才能让人信服。这就好像你说你的女神在跟你求婚，但是你如果说不出时间地点，别人是不会 相信的。只有你说出时间地点，女神的装束，最好再拿出现场的照片，人才会相信吗。
托福语法冠词要点解析
冠词常考题型及解题要点
1.不定冠词a与an的区别
解题要点 “a”后面接以辅音开始的字词“an”后面接以元音开始的字词。当A、B、C、D四个选择答案中出现有a或an，应首先察看它后面的单词，以判断此不定冠词是否正确。
全真例题分析
(1) The Montreal International Exposition,“Expo. 67”was applauded for displaying an degree of taste superior to that of similar expositions.
(答案) B 改为a degree。
(2) If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can combine chemically with other atoms.
(答案) A改为an atom
(3) Since the beginning of this century the United States government has played an role in the supervision and use of the nation’s natural resources.
(答案) A改为a role
(4) A electric current can consist of charges that are positive, negative, or both.
(答案) A 改为An election
2. 可数名词前面通常要有冠词或其它限定形容词, 非泛指的可数名词一般不能独立存在。
全真例题分析
(1) A march is highly rhythmic piece of music first used by military bands to accompany marching. (94.1)
(答案) A 名词短语 piece of music 前面应加不定冠词：a highly rhythmic piece of music
(2) The sonometer is instrument used to study the mathematical relations of harmonic tones. (93.8)
(答案) A改为an instrument, instrument为可数名词，前面应有冠词。
(3) Accounting is described as art of classifying, recording, and reporting significant financial events.
(答案) A 名词art,表示“一门艺术”这个概念时，应加冠词。此句应改为an art。
3.冠词的错误使用或遗漏
全真例题分析
(1) The Yukon River, which fllows into the Baring Sea, gives its name to a region of Alaska and a territory of the Canada.
(答案) D删掉定冠词the. Canada是专有名词，无需加冠词。表示“国家”“城市”“人物”等概念的专有名词前不加冠词。
(2) Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920’s was concerned with the depicting the experience of urban Black people in the United States.
(答案) C 删除冠词the。动名词前不应加冠词。特别是当这个动名词带有宾语，它的动词属性更强烈，因而不能加冠词。
(3) Some geologists predict that, by end of the next century, movement along the San Andreas Fault will have caused part of California to separate from the continent (88.1)
(答案) A 加入定冠词the,组成固定短语by the end。含冠词的词组不能随意删除或更换。
(4) At a first, the scientific method may appear to be a narrow and restrictive way of gaining (89.10)
(答案) A 删除不定冠词a。At first为固定短语结构，不能随意添入冠词。
(5) Seven of planets rotate in the same direction as their orbital motions, while Venus and Uranus rotate in the opposite direction. (91.8)
(答案) A 此句的planets特指太阳系中的九大行星，故应加入定冠词the,即Seven of the planets……。
学习方法——语法课终结“无聊”大法
“语法”这么多年简直被妖魔化得不行，“枯燥”“繁琐”“记不住”“用不到”基本总是同“语法”如影随形。但事实当真如此吗?
语言要学习得好，的确需要“慢工出细活”，需要系统化和反复记忆练习运用。但对于知识点的消化，从听懂到会用到知道怎么用最好，一定不可缺少的就是“运用举例”这个环节。
对于已经有了一定语法基础，能够较清楚表达观点、描述细节的同学，要在短期内提高托福、雅思的听力口语写作阅读四大项分数，我还是推荐从三大从句(定语从句、名词从句、状语从句)入手。
举例来说，对于定语从句学习，在介绍完基本用法并巩固后，会结合在听力口语阅读及写作中的运用来一一讲解。譬如说，托福口语的第一道题是关于个人事项的提问，在45秒中的回答中，语法和词汇都是重要的评分标准，如何迅速提高语法结构，抓住定语从句是最直接并简单易行的一条。以Describe a place that you’d like to visit and is full of color 为例。作为回答，学生们往往会说，The place that I’d like to visit and is full of color is X.X.X. 但如果从提分、提高句子结构复杂性的角度，我就会建议在后面再加个非限定性从句，表示评价，(事实+评价的思路)。The place that I’d like to visit and is full of color is X.X.X, which is located in ….( which is the most beautiful…that I have ever seen)等等。写作作为另一门输出型考试，也是同理。
另外，针对定语从句在阅读中的运用，我会给学生看对应的托福阅读真题，要求理解。如Confidence is probably one of the most noticeable traits in the Americans. They show confidence in the way they talk, the way they smile, the way they dress and the way they walk. 要求学生做对应的理解练习。
最后，针对定语从句在托福听力中的练习，我会结合在托福听力授课中的实际感悟，即很多学生对于每个听力文段每个单词都认识，但就是记不住理解不了的问题，强调抓住干的思路。通过去除定语从句部分，直截了当抓住主要思路，以求迅速反应理解。
托福语法：限定性和非限定性定语从句
这两个名字从初中起就出现在我们的英语课堂上，然后阴魂不散。
想起它们经常会想起初中英语老师的教诲，想起五年高考三年模拟上的单选题——“没有逗号的是限定性定语从句，有逗号的是非限定性定语从句”，“that只能修饰限定性定语从句，逗号后修饰非限定性定语从句只能用which”。至于它们在用法上到底有什么区别呢?一个有逗号，一个没有逗号，实际内容上好像没什么不同啊。哦对有同学想起来了“限定性定语从句是修饰前面的一个名词，而有逗号的非限定性定语从句是在修饰前面的一整个句子”。
敏锐的朋友们可能注意到了，前面都是在引用观点啊，下面作者要发表自己的意见了(微笑)
其实，限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句在表意的功能上就是不一样的，给大家两句话来感受一下：
This is the only bookstore in our town that is closed.
This is the only bookstore in our town, which is closed.
大家应该能够感受到两个句子意思不同了吧。
第一个是，这是我们镇上唯一一家关门的书店。——别的书店还开着呢。
第二个是，这是我们镇上唯一一家书店，它关门了。——再没有别的书店了。
其实限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句，这两个名字似乎很拗口，其实就如它们的名字所表示的：限定性定语从句是限定它所修饰的名词的特征的(如：唯一一家关门的书店)，非限定性定语从句并不限定，只是做补充说明(这是唯一一家书店，而且它关门了)。
回到GRE考试中，在一道逻辑单题中我们会看到这样一个选项：
A. cotton grass is the only one of the caribou’s food sources that is becoming scarce as temperatures rise in arctic regions.
很多同学之前会理解成：Cotton grass 是caribou唯一的食物，而且它会随着北极温度升高而减少。然后误选这个选项。
而现在我们知道它其实是一个限定性定语从句，意思是：Cotton grass 是唯一一种会随着温度升高而减少的caribou食物;别的caribou的食物不会随着温度升高而减少。
语法其实从来不是一堆事儿逼编出来的莫名其妙的必须要这样那样的规则，而是为了清楚高效地表意而约定俗成的一种规律。
篇7：托福写作高分如何拿
托福写作高分如何拿?学会换词技巧让文章“焕然一新”
托福写作高分技巧一 换掉旧词让文章更有新意
Nowadays: “如今”。这是一个被高中老师所“教坏”的词，以至于每个中国高中生一写到作文开头就必定不会忘记的词!其实它只是个时间的表达，我们可以换成很多其他表达。比如说：
these days;
in the past several decades;
in current society;
in the modern society……
它们会让你的“今天”格外不同~
托福写作高分技巧二 换掉旧表达让文章不平庸
More and more people: “越来越多人”。这句话不仅在写作中常用，在口语中也是常驻大户，能否来点高级货?比如说：
an increasing number of people;
people in growing number ;
there are people in growing number ……
一个词大家都说，就会变得平庸，诸如此类的表达都可以积累下来，让你的作文增添小心机~
托福写作高分技巧三 换词也要注意正确表达
With the development of science and technology:“随着科学技术的发展”。有多少同学把这句话放在句首，来举下手。100个考生中80%的都用，如果你是考官会不会也出现眼疲劳~
小站君建议，在对词汇把握准确的基础上，可以多多尝试把某些词汇换个词性，给自己的文章增加一点生动的成分，避免一成不变的尴尬情况，比如说：
名词换动词，因为with +名词的短语，我们可以与as+从句进行互换，因为“with”和“as”都是“随着”的意思，所以这个短语可以换成，“as the science and technology develops”.这样的话，常用的development我们就可以把它动词化了。
名词换形容词，developing在恰当的情况中可以当做形容词，指“发展当中的”，那这个短语我们就可以写成，“with the developing science and technology”.
托福写作语料库积累：成功公司的特点
share some common traits ：有共同点
attracting and hiring the people who：吸引并雇佣X.X样的人
taking care of your customers:伺候好顾客
integrate s/th into：把X.X融入到X.X
be well thought out and well executed：经过深思熟虑然后执行的
poorly crafted business plan ：没有被精细制作的商业计划
is far superior to ：前者比后者高级的
well-crafted business plan ：精细制作的商业计划
sits on the shelf collecting dust：
搁置起来 (比喻形同虚设的政策等)
drives the activities and behaviors of the entire organization：
驱动整个组织的活动和行为
a ship without a rudder：没有舵的船
product strategy :产品策略
employee retention：员工保有率
in a world of continuous change：在不停变换的世界里
implement a culture of continuous learning：实施一个不断学习的文化
is a major contributor to success：X.X是一个成功的重要因素
托福写作语料库积累重要句子：
It simply can't be steered and ends up going around in circles.
无法驾驶并原地打转。
托福写作语料库积累适用的题目：
For any business to be successful, one must spend a lot of money on advertising.
托福写作语料库积累：团队项目
go beyond the textbook : 超越课本
real-world issues ：现实世界的问题
presented s/th to the audiences ：向观众展示
traditional book-based instruction :传统书本教学
is more demanding than ：比另外一件事情更费力
memorize facts from a single source ：从单一的源头记忆事实
细节罗列：
the history of their town ：他们家乡的历史
water quality in their communities ：他们社区的水质量
analyzing information from multiple sources ：分析不同源头的信息
discussed their findings ：讨论他们的发现
collected insect specimens, studied them ：收集昆虫样本、研究他们
托福写作万能素材适用题目：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: it is more effective for students to work in groups than by themselves.
The best way to improve the quality of education is to increase teacher’s salaries.
篇8：托福写作高分策略
托福写作高分你得这么做!
写作高分必备：
1.教师指导写作高分技巧
2.不断实践高分技巧
3.教师指点修改
技巧
1.学会快速审题-根据题干，判断题型，决定解题方式.
2.学会快速展开文章结构-具体包括开头段，论点，让步段，结尾段的具体展开技巧和语言点.
3.学会多样化展开中间段部分-学会写例子，细节，重逻辑串联，忌细节堆砌.
修改
写作高分，除了以上所提到的掌握技巧意外，另外需要的是各位宝宝们的不断践行;对于基础一般的同学一开始的过程会被骂的狗血淋头，因为文章惨不忍睹;等作文能够稳定24分左右以后;你所需要做的事情就是将那些写的已经能看的作文，通过教师指导修改成一篇真正的高分文章，最后一步嘛;当然就是背背背啦!这可比漫无目的的去背诵各式各样的范文提升的要快的多;因为你所背诵的文章思路是你自己的，大部分的语言组织也是你自己的。
下面就向各位宝宝们展示下什么叫做一篇投入心血的精心批改(黄色为题目;黑色为未批改的作文;红色为批改和建议部分;蓝色为整体评语);
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Environmental issues can be solved or improved in the future. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
文章优势：观点鲜明，结构明确，有例子和细节，语言表达尚可
需要改进的地方： 1.小语法错误 2.语言表达比较啰嗦 3.逻辑上很多地方不准确 4.致命伤：中间段2论点不切题， 段落内的论证逻辑不清晰。
这篇文章企图从两个角度论证环境会变好：
1.现在全球政府已经意识到，且开始行动- 第一段主体段逻辑没有问题
2.普通人的意识也正在逐渐养成。- 第二段主题段论点不扣题- 不应该表达：提出环境保护意识是有效的措施。而应该表达为： 跟过去比起来，现在的人们已经养成了保护环境的意识。 言下之意，就是现在和将来的人们会主动的去保护环境。
Some people consider that environmental problems can be more awful in the future for they believe that the more advent technology, the more pollution will come out(想表达科技越先进，污染问题越多 应该改为， the more advanced the technology is, the more environmental problems would pop up).(建议整个句子修改为：In today’s society, many people consider the environment problems could be more awful in the future for the advent of more technological products like the automobile would lead to more serious environmental contamination) However, I believe that environment will be better tomorrow because the every country of the world have been going to take action to face the circumstance issues and human have recognized the importance of protecting surroundings as time goes on(去掉the, 谓语动词三单，介词of改为the 时态改为完成式即可——- because every country in the world has prepared to take action to resolve environmental issue and the public has already recognized the importance of environmental conservation as time goes by ).
To begin with, environmental issues have become a major matter of concern for a number of countries. (添加过渡性短语- In this way,) This fact has led them to come up with many measures to solve the environmental problems(去掉后面的the 即 solve environmental problems). For instance, The United Nations Climate Change conference which about 192 countries attended was held in 2009, it aimed to discuss and put forward acts to cope with climatic change problems(第一个专有名词后面从句改为：The United Nations Climate Change conference attended by 192 countries was held in 2009 with the collective goal, that is, coping with the issue of climate change). There is no doubt that(少用套句，改为： Undoubtedly,) it has good impact on the tendency of changing climate on the Earth(这句话语言表达和上一句有重复且时态表达有问题 改为: the conference was a good start symbolizing the cooperation of the whole world to address environmental issue). And this is a know as‘ save the human last chance ’of the meeting(不要另起一句，直接and并列句 即改为： … and it was known as a meeting of last chance to salvage human beings). Furthermore, more and more solar cars are produced, which are made to save energy to protect environment(furthermore表示递进or并列此处逻辑上不是很强， 改为：as a consequence, the number of solar vehicles has experienced a dramatic increase. ). In a word, all of the actions are in order to prevent our Earth from destroying( in order to如此用绝对的中式英文，且总结的句子表达出来的意思并不能帮忙总结这个段落，应该与论点呼应，表达出的大致意义应该是：因此可以看出，全球已经意识到环境问题，且政府以及采取了很多行动， 与下一段形成呼应 下一段应该以“普通人也养成了保护环境得意时”。 所以应该改成： In a word, governments throughout the world have reached an agreement to protect the environment and taken immediate effective and potent measures to avert continual environmental deterioration).
In addition, raising environmental awareness can be an effective method to prevent and control pollution(论点扣题，应该改为： In addition, current individuals have already cultivated the awareness of environmental preservation and contributed a lot to environmental protection). In contemporary society (in the …), many more people are concern about the environmental situation (are concerned about/ current environmental situation) . Another example of Beijing, which used to be an auto-dependent city, Shrouded by smothering smog for years, residents in Beijing have totally realized the severe consequences brought by heavy smog and are fully motivated to reduce the number of private cars, burn clean fuels and lead a low-carbon life (句子主干结构应该是：北京被雾霾笼罩很多年，因此北京人知道了后果，开始被激励去减少适用私家车，燃烧干净能源，过低碳生活。 首先逻辑上：这句话的中文实际就不是很扣论点，应该改为，北京人意识到雾霾的后果，开始养成了后续的这些习惯。 其次语言上： 北京被雾霾笼罩缺乏谓语。 建议整句话改为;Since citizens in Beijing shrouded by smothering smog for years realize the severe consequences of environmental pollution, they have gradually developed the habit of reducing the frequency of driving private cars, burning clean fuels and leading a low-carbon life). Therefore, government are required to offer more courses, videos and reports useful for raising public awareness on environmental protection in order to create a pleasant ecological environment with cleaner air(这句话的逻辑不通， 作者观点环境未来会变好， 这段的论证思路是; 普通人意识到保护环境-例子;北京人受到雾霾影响，因此改变了习惯。 接下来不应该说因此， 政府需要去提供更多课。 作者应该这样去表达， 与此同时，现在的政府也会去做一些事情去加强人们的意识。所以这句应该改为： Meanwhile, the government also endeavors to strengthen people’s awareness of environmental protection by offering more public courses and related educational TV programs to create a favorable ecological environment). The example shows that our environmental circumstances will gradually get better(总结句依然不扣题，应该改为，因此可以看出，现在普通人的行为已经发生了改变，他们的环保意识有利于将来环境质量的提升。所以表达为： Apparently, the behavior of common people has been changed and their strong consciousness of environmental protection is beneficial to the improvement of future environmental quality).
All in all, our environment will get better tomorrow. I feel hopeful that many more countries is going to take steps to face the environmental problems and more and more people have consciousness on the environmental protection. (小语法错误，另外句子不够精炼，谓语动词三单，is-are。 整句建议改为; the efforts made by both the worldwide governments and ordinary individuals can explain why I am convinced that environment in the near future will be improved. )
避免托福写作五大错误开头
一：中式英文人见人晕
典型失败案例：Topic 1-The happiest moment in your life
In our life， there are always some moments which make your heart flower opened angrily……
Topic 2- The population problem
The population problem is a very big problem。 For example， in the city centers of Shanghai， we can always see people mountain people sea there。
Topic3- Is there fairness in today’s business world?
I think in today’s society， there is no fairness in the business world。 For example， I always chopped when I go out buy things……
Topic 4- The advantage of being a nice person
Being a nice person have many advantage。 I believe if a people always do bad things， he will get “baoying”。
二：废话连篇不知所云
典型失败案例： Topic 1-Should college students be allowed to get married?
This topic is very interesting。 I’m very interested in talking about this topic。 Because I’m also a college student and I’m not married……
修改方案：开门见山 直奔主题
In my opinion， it would not be a wise decision to allow college students to get married。
Topic 2-Will modern technology， such as the Internet， ever replace the book or the writing word as the sole source of information?
Ok， this topic is a very good topic。 First， let me tell you a story： I have a friend， he likes go on the internet very much。 Every day， he uses internet to read news or play internet games。 So we can see the internet is more and more important in our daily life。
Topic 3-The importance of environmental protection
Oh， this topic is surely very important。 Isn’t it? Of course! It’s really very very important!
三：语法错误惨不忍睹
典型失败案例：Topic-If children behave badly， should their parents accept responsibility and also be punished?
About this problem， my think is if children behave badly， then parents are not right。 Because teach child is parent’s responsibility。 So we also punish parents too besides children is also should。
四：观点模糊态度暧昧
典型失败案例： Topic-Should college students be allowed to get married?
I think this topic is very hard to say。 Because I am still very little， only 17， and not married， so this topic is very difficult for me……
五：偏离主题无轨电车
典型失败案例：Topic-It is said that nowadays one can not acquire the qualifications and quality essential to success through university education。 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement?
I think to success， we must have a lot of important qualities。 To have these important qualities， we must learn a lot of things， for example， English， music tools， and etc。 We can learn these qualities from our teachers， our friends and from books。 All in all， we can learn from many places。
托福写作备考策略之独立话题
选取2016年9月独立机经部分题目
1.Somestudents prefer to have their final grades determined by numerous small assignments, whereas others prefer to have their grades determined by only afew large ones. Which do you prefer and why?
2.An effective leader tries to make others feel they are parts of a decision.
3.If a city has an amount of money, which option listed in the following do you prefer?
Build a public garden to provide quiet environment to benefit all
Build a sports field for students in high school which doesn’t have its own.
4.Governmenthas done enough to educate people the importance of a balanced lifestyle and healthy eating.
5.In the past,people were more interested in improving their neighborhoods than they are today.
6.In the past,young people depended on their parents for making decisions. Today young people are better able to make decisions on their own.
7.It is better to relax by watching TV or reading a book than by doing physical exercises.
8.We should state our honest opinions even though people may disagree with us.
9.In order to succeed in a new job, the ability to adapt oneself to the new environment ismore important than excellent knowledge.
10.People spend too much time communication through social media and text messages.
11.There is noreason to be rude to another person.
12.Technology designed to make people’s life simpler in fact make peoples life morecomplicated.
13.Movies andTV programs made in your own country are more interesting compared to moviesand programs made in other countries.
14.It is as important for older people to study and lean new things as it is for youngpeople.
15.To remain happy and optimistic whenever you fail is more important than to achieve success.
16.It is important to know what is happening around the world, even if it does not affect your personal life.
实用方法介绍
丨1.常用论点/理由
针对独立写作的常见话题，大致可归成三类：个人类(关于学习、工作、休闲、做人的选择);古今类(题目中有明显的now… past … 让考生判断现在和过去在某一方面的比较);决策类(题目中通常有government这个词出现，讨论政府的投资或者政策，有些题目虽然没有government这个词出现，但如果涉及的是有社会影响力的话题，也可以划为政府类，比如 A/D Professional athletes such as the football playerand basketball player deserve high salaries that they are paid.)
1)个人类常用理由
学知识、练技能、拓展视野……..
工作机会、赚钱…….
交朋友、陪伴家人……. (合作、沟通) …….
品质(自信，独立，坚持，乐观 ) / 兴趣爱好
身体健康、放松心情…….
省时间、省钱、省精力………..
2)古今类常用理由
现代社会的优点：
教育: 先进全面鼓励个性
工作：种类丰富机会多
医疗：治愈缓解更多疾病
技术：网络电子产品汽车
公共设施：便利的交通娱乐购物餐饮
法律制度：保障个人权利
媒体：揭露真相传播信息
人与人：互动频繁、方便
经济进步：更充裕的钱和无助
世界和平：更少的战争伤亡
现代社会的缺点：
环境问题(污染，能源消耗)
生活压力(学习，工作)
欺骗敲诈
3)决策类常用思路
注：除了使用个人类常用理由，针对决策类这种和政府相关有社会影响力的题目，建议多角度讨论，一下是常见的讨论角度：
1.大众 individuals
对我们有什么用?(放松健康省钱知识关系等等)
是不是我们每个人都需要的?(大多数/ 小众)
2. 相关群体relativegroups
题目中谈论到的比如artists,scientists, athletes 等等
3. 企业companies
企业有钱，可以代替政府去投资有利可图的领域
4. 社会 Society
Economy(tourism), culture, safety, improvement …
丨2.对比段
通常来说，托福独立写作的论证写3段，上文介绍了最基本的常用理由，但有时候，因为各种原因只想出2个理由的时候，可以写一段对比段，即把对比论证写一段。
具体案例参考第三部分的机经详解
丨3.让步段
除了对比段之外，让步段也可以解决只有2个理由缺少第三个段落的问题。
具体案例参考第三部分的机经详解
丨4.拆分法/分情况讨论
针对一些比较抽象的独立写作话题，我们可以分情况讨论，或者对于关键词进行定义和拆分，在更加具体的情况下方便论证。
具体案例参考第三部分的机经详解
丨5.检验论点
没有标准答案，这是独立解题最自由的地方。但这并不意味着什么样的理由都可以作为论点并且展开段落的。课堂上，一些学生可以马上相处三个理由，但仔细探究，可能只有一个理由是可以作为论点的。
这里说一下三个检验标准：1.支持观点 2. 论点相互不重叠 3. 易于展开
丨6.灵活调整
根据ETS的出题，我们知道，题目是千变万化的，为了帮助学生更好的应对，老师们会总结出一些实用方法，对学生来说，比死记硬别、生搬硬套更重要的是，在题目的练习中，去运用这些方法，并且灵活的调整。
如果觉得一些常用理由不适合支持某一道题，那么就放弃这个理由;
如果只想出两个理由，那么可以加一个让步段或者对比段;
如果一道题直接用常用理由去支持很难，可以试着拆分法;
如果完全同意/不同意很难，可以试着两边倒;
如果题目中有绝对词，可以部分同意/不同意。
... ...
实用方法在题目中的具体运用
使用第一部分的9月机经部分题目
1.Some students prefer to havetheir final grades determined by numerous small assignments, whereas othersprefer to have their grades determined by only a few large ones. Which do youprefer and why?
观点：small assignments
论点1：轻松
论点2：知识(学生复习;老师备课)
论点3：对比段/让步段
2.An effectiveleader tries to make others feel they are parts of a decision.
观点：agree
论点1：来自领导的尊重要员工更快乐积极
论点2：员工的参与促进想法的完善
论点3：对比段
3.If a city has an amount ofmoney, which option listed in the following do you prefer?
1)Build a publicgarden to provide quiet environment to benefit all
2)Build asports field for students in high school which doesn’t have its own.
版本A：
观点：选1)
论点1：relaxing
论点2：used byeveryone
论点3：让步段(承认2的好处指出显著缺点即优惠了一小部分人不公平)
版本B：
观点：选2)
论点1：healthy
论点2：mentality
论点3：补充建议(允许周末开放给市民)
4.Governmenthas done enough to educate people the importance of a balanced lifestyle andhealthy eating.
观点：Disagree
论点1： knowledge 宣传健康饮食的知识( 课程广告 )
论点2： pressure 减少学习和工作压力
论点3： money 建设更多更便宜的运动场所减轻人们的经济负担
注：这道题，用个人类的常用理由就可以解决，那么久不用多角度思考了~
5.In the past,people were more interested in improving their neighborhoods than they aretoday.
观点：Disagree
论点1：经济进步大家有时间和精力改善社区
论点2：沟通方便更好的解决社区问题
论点3：普遍受过教育有能力解决问题
注：三个古今类的常用理由，现代社会的优点
6.In the past, young people depended ontheir parents for making decisions. Today young people are better able to makedecisions on their own.
观点：Agree
论点1：Internet –丰富信息
论点2：Education – 培养独立
论点3：对比段
7.It is betterto relax by watching TV or reading a book than by doing physical exercises.
版本A：
观点：Physical exercise
论点1：health
论点2：cooperation
论点3：make friends
论点4：release pressure
论点5：让步段/对比段
注：有些题目，可以相处很多个有效论点，那就选择自己觉得好写的展开～
版本B：
观点：TV book
论点1：convenience;
论点2：knowledge andinspiration
论点3：让步段/对比段
8.We shouldstate our honest opinions even though people may disagree with us.
观点：agree
论点1：家庭
论点2：朋友
论点3：学习/工作
注：用拆分法解这道题，即把说实话放在生活中的三大场景下，便于进行具体论证
9.In order tosucceed in a new job, the ability to adapt oneself to the new environment ismore important than excellent knowledge.
版本A：
观点：Bothimportant
论点1：知识– 独立解决问题&自信
论点2：适应能力–效率&轻松
注：两边倒的题目，两个支持对象的各写一段，每一段设立有1-2个小论点，这样不用担心字数~
版本B：
观点：Agree
论点1：get alongwith different people
论点2：learn newknowledge
论点3：adjustmentality
注：对适应能力进行拆分，解读成和不同的人相处的能力、学习新知识的能力、调整心态的能力，这些都比固有的接触知识更重要，因为，世界一直在变啊~
10.Peoplespend too much time communication through social media and text messages.
观点：Disagree
论点1：Relaxing
论点2：Improvefriendship
论点3： Learning
11.There is noreason to be rude to another person.
版本1：Agree 常用理由 -mood - efficiency - opportunity
版本2：Agree 拆分法- 家庭礼貌- 工作礼貌 - 社交礼貌
12.Technologydesigned to make people’s life simpler in fact make peoples life morecomplicated.
agree
1) car –traffic jam; air pollution
2) internet – too much information to handle; false and misleading
3) digital devices – distraction (music; games; chat; online shopping)
注：把technology 拆分成三个主要方面，汽车、互联网、电子设备
13.Movies andTV programs made in your own country are more interesting compared to movies andprograms made in other countries.
观点：both interesting
Own country:1 共鸣理解2 喜欢的演员
Foreign country:1拓展视野2精彩的画面
14.It is asimportant for older people to study and lean new things as it is for youngpeople.
Agree
版本1：拆分法(对学习新知识诠释)
1 学习健康知识
2 培养爱好
3 学习使用电脑上网
版本2：常用理由
1 mentalhealth
2improve convenience
3communication with young people
15.To remainhappy and optimistic whenever you fail is more important than to achievesuccess.
Agree
1)mentalhealth
2)stimulateimprovement
3 )让步段(承认成功是可喜的但是生活的常态就是一直失败、努力、克服苦难、获得成功，也就是说，成功是个结果，那么占据生活主要的是那个过程，所以为了健康以及持久的成功，乐观积极更重要)
16.It is importantto know what is happening around the world, even if it does not affect yourpersonal life.
Agree
版本1：常用理由
1)relaxing
2)knowledge
3)communication
版本2：拆分法
1)medicalnews – health
2)political news – safety
3)economic news – money
★ 托福写作满分
★ 托福听力高分心得
★ 托福口语高分经验
★ 托福写作省时攻略
举一反三拿下托福写作高分（集锦8篇）
