【导语】“laohuji000”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了7篇托福写作段落衔接的方法，下面是小编为大家准备的托福写作段落衔接的方法，欢迎阅读借鉴。
- 目录
篇1：托福写作段落衔接常用方法
托福写作段落衔接常用方法
1引用例子
托福写作辅导提到对于一个观点的提出，往往后面会跟着例子进行进一步的解释说明，那么如何引出接下来的例子或者数据呢?主要的几个短语词组有：regarding / as whether to / as regard / in respect of / with respect to / in terms of等，前三个词组后面是跟句子，而后三个词组后面加的是词组或者名词短语，这点要注意区分。考生们可以用这些词汇来承接观点和例子，使得文章更为连贯和流畅。不过要注意不要使用about，这不是书面用语。
对于举例子一般分为这几类：
例子比较具体，考生可以使用namely，to be more specific/more specifically等，引出一个比较详细的事例。
引用名人的著作或者话的时候，要注意reference，比如：A number of writers, notably Frank (1974) and Rostow (1967) refer to this issue…格式问题要引起重视。
如果是想要强调某个之前提到过的内容，或者是特定的某个内容的时候，可以用in particular/particularly。
同样的，不建议过多的使用for example / take...for example / such as等，比较口语化，不太formal。
2前呼后应
如果想要对之前的内容进行总结，呼应全文，那么考生就可以使用这些词汇：accordingly / therefore / consequently / as stated earlier in … / the aforementioned work / as stated above in (paragraph two)等。
3句子中的承接
往往，托福考试写作中句子与句子之间的衔接是最容易掌握的，可以使用一些表示因果、转折、并列等关系的连词将其连接。常见的就有so，nevertheless，besides this，furthermore等等。不过还是要少用as for/as to/besides这些比较口语化的词汇。再者，such，this也是很好的承接词，比如In such situation，In this cases等。
4数字关系
这点在小作文里面使用的比较多，比如描述A和B的数据，可以使用respectively或者separately，描述时间顺序可以用chronologically等等。
托福独立写作中的常见审题误区有哪些
审题，是写作的第一步，却经常被大家所忽略。有太多考生只着眼于如何写出漂亮的句子和高级的词汇，而没有搞清写作的本质--考察学生针对某一话题进行准确连贯表述的能力。这也是为什么很多同学虽然英语不弱，在托福考试的独立部分中却只能拿到 fai r或 good 当中较低的4分。那么到底怎样才能更加容易地拿到独立写作的满分呢? 笔者今天将通过列举以往考过的真题进行解析，告诉大家如何审题，换句话说，如何使高分变得更加achievable。
同学们考写作考了这么多年，大多数出题的形式都已烂熟于心，看到题目之后觉得熟悉于是兴冲冲提笔就写，其实，这种看似“熟练”的表象下藏着巨大的隐患--同学们很有可能因为看得太快而忽略某个决定题目意思的关键词。例如：
例1：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Advertising is the only main cause for people's unhealthy eating habits.
看到这个题目，同学们立刻会开始想，有没有other reasons for unhealthy habits，想出三条如：1. People's tight schedules do not allow them to eat at regular hours; 2. Sometimes people are eager to lose weight or to keep fit so that they go on “endless diets”; 3. Bearing heavy burden both physically and mentally, some consider eating constantly as their most effective stress reliever. 综上所述，advertising is not the only cause.
这个写法看起来非常完备，但其实犯了一个不起眼却严重的错误--题目不是要我们证明it is not the only cause，而是要我们去证明it is not the only main cause。多一个“main”，意思是很不一样的。如果我们只需要证明it is not the only cause，那么找出other causes即可即例1中的写法。但是，如果我们要证明it is not the only main cause，就需要证明other causes that we mentioned are also main causes，这就需要在每一段中加上一些专门的说明。或者，更简单的办法是去证明advertising is not even a cause, 直接在每段的末尾加上advertising与该段所论述的unhealthy eating habit无关的论述即可。If it is not a cause, how can it be the onlymain cause? 这样一来，就不用通过证明还有其他main cause来反驳了，事实上，证明某种cause是main cause还是挺有难度的，因此笔者推荐同学们用后一种方式进行论述。因此，文章还是disagree，而三段的主题句分别应该是：1、1. People's tight schedules do not allow them to eat at regular hours, and it is obvious that they are too busy to be influenced by advertising; 2. Sometimes people are eager to lose weight or to keep fit so that they go on “endless diets”, and this is more like a result of human nature, the pursuit of beauty, but not advertising; 3. Bearing heavy burden both physically and mentally, some consider eating constantly as their most effective stress reliever, and it is quite clear that no advertising encourages them to do so.
例2：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Colleges and universities should offer more preparation for student before they start working.
看到这个题目，很多同学会可能会这样写：Agree. 1. Students should take morespecializedcourses(专业课)in order to be knowledgeable and skillful enough for their future careers(接着开始论述being knowledgeable and skillful的重要性); 2.Participating in internships helps students to have a clearer picture of their vocational development in the future(接着开始论述，如果没有实过习，在工作的时候是多么地feel so unprepared); 3. Attending more club activities is an effective way to improve social skills, which are crucial for success both in life and at work(接着开始论述good social skills对职业和生活的帮助).如果不看括号里的内容，仅看主题句，这篇文章是没有任何问题的。然而，括号中的论述从严格意义上来讲，是不能支持“more”这个关键词的。举个简单的例子：“我们需要钱”和“我们需要更多钱”在证明的时候重点是不一样的。如果证明“我们需要钱”，应该详细
阐述钱的“不可或缺性”，比如生活、学习、教育都需要钱;但是如果证明“我们需要更多钱”，重点则应该放在“钱不够”的论述上，证明在学习、生活、教育方面的预算都很紧张。同样地，上面的题目中仅仅证明Knowledge for careers, field experience and social skills are important是不够的，事实上，这些根本不需要证明，需要证明的事情是graduates today are not well prepared in the three aspects. 因此这篇文章应该是一篇“抱怨型”的文章，详细地去论述学校工作的不足。参考思路如下：Agree. 1. Many students today complain that they cannot learn practical skills and up-to-date information, for some of their teachers are not qualified enough to teach specialized courses; 2. Since many students are not allowed enough time to participate in internship programs before graduation, they know very little about what their future jobs like; 3. Joining clubs is possible for every college student, yet not every club provide is capable of offering enough opportunities for students to practice their social skills.
同学们在写文章的时候一定要注意，学术论文写作不是句型和辞藻的堆砌，整篇文章一定是一个well-organized system，这个system中很重要的原则之二就是--
1、每个中间段的topic sentence是用来支持main idea的;
2、topic sentence后面的每句话都是用来支持该topic sentence的。在上面的两个例子中，大家会发现例1的错误主要是main idea没有很好地被topic sentence支持;而例2的错误在于topic sentence虽然看起来是支持main idea的，但是论述的内容可能跟关键词“more”无关，从而不能有力地支持topic sentences。这些错误的起因，则是对题干中关键词的忽略。
托福综合写作四点建议
一、阅读：寻找核心句和关键词，切忌word by word
英美人写文章的总体逻辑可以概括为总分或总分总。而托福综合写作的阅读材料多为前者布局，且多为四段式(首段总起，三段分别展开)。
首段主要用来提供背景信息或者提出话题，(注意：阅读和听力是同一个话题，极少考到观点相互补，多为观点相对立。)而作者的立场或论点多位于首段的最后一句，聪明的考生会把注意力多集中于首段的尾句，确定作者的立论点，从而对于下一阶段的听力大致话题和论述做到心中有底。
随后的段落即展开给出作者之所以立论的三个分论点或论据，在单个的段落当中，又遵循了西方人惯有的总分模式，单个段落的首句多为topic sentence，考生可以只关注三个段落的首句以快速获取段落主要内容，从而避免全文通读速度不够而导致的来不及看完阅读。
二、听力：判断说话人立场，记录观点和支持性论据
听力环节的笔记很重要，是决定综合写作能否顺利完成的关键因素。没有经过训练或者疏于练习的同学会对于该记什么无从下手，结果就是笔记做了，自己看不懂，或者笔记太过凌乱，毫无可利用性。
要知道听力该记什么怎么记，此时应当牢记心里的仍然是西方人的逻辑性。“总分”表明了在听力的开始段是表明说话者立场和论点的，那么按照我们之前分析的，阅读和听力必然是同主题，所以听力开始时候大家不必忙着乱记一通，事实上，什么都不用写，镇定情绪，听清说话者的立场即可。
接着，和阅读中相似，说话者会从三个方面阐述支持自己的观点，很多情况下，这三点和阅读中的三点是刚好契合，一一对应的。但听力三方面的分论据往往是从阅读中无法推断的，所以分论点及论据是需要同学进行笔记的，应当记的是key words，切忌洋洋洒洒想记全一句话，最后自己也难以读懂。
三、想办法提高自己的记忆容量
各位考生不妨观察一下自己抄写英文句子的情况。大多数未经训练的第二语言学习者很可能都是每写下一个词就要回去重新读一次才能继续抄下去--有的时候甚至可能需要每写一个字母就要返回文本重看一眼才能继续。这说明此人的记忆容量只能容纳一个词(或者甚至连一个词都容纳不了)。记忆容量大的人理解文本更为容易，又因为能够理解所以记忆文本更加容易，进而又因为能够记得住而联系上下文更为轻松，而记忆容量过小的人基本上连看完一篇文章都非常吃力。不过，只要稍加训练，记忆容量就会扩充至足够用的地步。迅速将自己的英文记忆容量提高到“够用”的地步，最好的方法就是通过“跟读”、“朗读”训练平日积累。因为朗读可以非常有效而又迅速地提高文字理解能力。这很关键，记不住的最重要原因并非“记忆力差”--无论记忆力多好，都很难记住无法理解、无法关联的信息--听得懂才容易记得住。
最后是大家比较关心的模板问题。综合写作中，要将阅读和听力观点整合起来时，如果在准备阶段备有一套好用的模板，那么就是如虎添翼了。好的模板在课堂上就会发给同学，但是我们建议考生应当备有自己独一无二的模板，通过对同义换词，句型多变，做到集多个好模板于一身，又毫无雷同的独家模板。
托福写作之关于幸福感的作文题解析
大家都知道，托福写作考试中独立作文题目有许多都是非常抽象的话题，如：幸福感(happiness)，成功(success)，金钱(money)，社会地位(social status)，公共认同(public recognition)，乐观精神(optimism)，计划和整理(plan and organize)，创新(creativity)，充满野心的梦想和实际的目标(ambitious dreams and realistic goals)，美丽的事物(beautiful things)等等。很多考生遇到此类话题就没有了头绪，因为对他们来说这些东西非常抽象，看不见，摸不着，只是一个概念，因此文章就不知道如何下手，也不知道如何确立观点，并且很想知道考官是不是有偏向性的观点。下面给大家分析一下对于抽象类话题如何有效的去破解。
关于幸福感(happiness)的话题
1) Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement? People who do not have to work because they have enough money arebarely happy.(抽象类，快乐与钱) 2007.11.3
因为有很多钱所以不用工作的人们，很少有开心的。
2) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People are happier when they finisha challenging or difficult job than when they complete an easy task.(抽象类，快乐与工作) 2008.1.18
人们完成了一项更加困难的工作比完成一项简单的任务更加开心。
3) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? To remain happy and optimistic whenyou fail is more important than achieving success.
(抽象类，成功的因素) 2009.3.21
当你失败时候保持开心和乐观比获得成功更加重要。
4) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People would be happier with fewerpossessions.(抽象类，快乐的因素) 2009.12.19
人们拥有越少越开心。
5) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to makeourselves happy, weshould learn how to make others happy first.(抽象类，快乐的因素) 2010.3.27
为了让我们自己开心，得先学会让别人开心。
6) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The world ischanging quickly. People are less happy than before.(抽象类，快乐的因素) 2011.1.29
世界变化很快，人们没有以前开心了。
这6道题目前两道题目的开心是比较具体的，至少是放在某种情境下的开心，而后几题的开心就更加抽象了，所以要破题，我们首先得搞清楚什么叫做幸福感，老外是如何定义幸福感的(从维基百科上看看大神们是如何定义开心的)。
Psychologist Martin Seligman asserts that happiness is not solely derivedfrom external, momentary pleasures, and providesthe acronym PERMA to summarize Positive Psychology's correlational findings:humans seem happiest when they have
1. Pleasure (tasty food, warm baths, etc.)
People with enough money to make ends meet are happier than people who arepoor, but beyond that more money doesn’t make much difference.,
2. Engagement (or flow, the absorption of an enjoyed yet challenging activity),
3. Relationships (social ties have turned out to be extremely reliable indicator ofhappiness),
4. Meaning (a perceived quest or belonging to something bigger), and
5. Accomplishments (having realized tangible goals).
6. Giving (A Harvard Business School study found that “spending money on othersactually makes us happier than spending it on ourselves”.
综上所述，我们会发现幸福感不仅仅来源于外在的快感，如好吃的食物，温暖的淋浴，更多的来源于具有挑战性的活动，社交生活或者人际关系，有意义的生活，以及获得成功之后的成就感，从这几点看我们很快会判断出刚才几个题目老外的倾向性，如第一题，第二题。第五题：因为有很多钱所以不用工作的人们，很少有开心的，或是人们完成了一项更加困难的工作比完成一项简单的任务更加开心。的确是这样，因为幸福感除了衣食住行的质量可能和金钱有关，其他关系都不大，也就是有了很多钱，人们也不一定开心，而相反，做一件具有挑战性的工作却能带来幸福感，并且在工作的过程中形成相对稳定的人际关系，以及在工作中获得的成就感和社会归属感与幸福关系更加密切，并且是直接导致一个人开不开心的因素，所以这几道题目都偏向于同意会好写很多，并且更加符合常理。
而对于第三道题目，当你失败的时候保持乐观和开心更重要，这个老外又是如何解释的呢?先来看看这一段：
Failure is the big “F” word that everyone fears. It doesn’t have to be ascary concept, though. Ultimately, it depends on your attitude to failure. Ifyou see failure as not being perfect, you’re going to be permanently miserable.A more realistic idea of failure is not giving up. If you haven’t given up, youhaven’t failed. See failure as a learning curve, a trial and error process. Seefailure as your friend – it’s no big deal unless you allow it to be.
如果因为失败了你就失望沮丧失落，那么你就会放弃，而放弃了那么你就离成功越来越远了，而一个人人生中是不可能一直成功的，总有失败的时候，所以态度更加重要，失败了之后的不放弃，乐观和保持心情愉悦这才是比获得成功更重要的品质。
而对于第四个题目和第六题，同学们就更加难判断了，因为一般的常识好像是我们现在拥有的越多，会越开心，比如说房子，车子，女朋友，多多益善，但是为什么老外会出这样的题目呢?
我们来看两段背景段落：
According to a survey by the Simplicity Institute, an organization thatsurveyed 2,500 people across various countries who self-identified themselvesas living with fewer possessions, 87 percent of respondents indicated they werehappier now than when they owned more possessions.
This may sound contrary to everything we’ve been told growing up. But when we begin to consider the benefits of living with less(less debt, less stress, less cleaning), it begins to make sense why thesestatistics would hold true. Happiness is not found in owning as manypossessions as possible; it’s found living life consistent with your greatestpassions.
原来他们认为的是拥有的越多遇到的困难和压力越大(现在的问题越来越多)，所以会有这样的想法，但是又考虑到幸福感的来源是更多挑战的工作，这个题目两面都成立，就看大家如何去辩论了。
记住关于幸福感的一些词汇：Gratitude, Serenity, Joy, Interest, Hope, Pride, Amusement,Inspiration, Awe, Love。
托福写作段落衔接常用方法
篇2：托福写作段落衔接的方法
托福写作段落衔接的方法
托福写作段落衔接的常用方法，如下：
1.引用例子
托福写作辅导提到对于一个观点的提出，往往后面会跟着例子进行进一步的解释说明，那么如何引出接下来的例子或者数据呢?主要的几个短语词组有：regarding / as whether to / as regard / in respect of / with respect to / in terms of等，前三个词组后面是跟句子，而后三个词组后面加的是词组或者名词短语，这点要注意区分。考生们可以用这些词汇来承接观点和例子，使得文章更为连贯和流畅。不过要注意不要使用about，这不是书面用语。
对于举例子一般分为这几类：
例子比较具体，考生可以使用namely，to be more specific/more specifically等，引出一个比较详细的.事例。
引用名人的著作或者话的时候，要注意reference，比如：A number of writers, notably Frank (1974) and Rostow (1967) refer to this issue…格式问题要引起重视。
如果是想要强调某个之前提到过的内容，或者是特定的某个内容的时候，可以用in particular/particularly。
同样的，不建议过多的使用for example / take...for example / such as等，比较口语化，不太formal。
2.前呼后应
如果想要对之前的内容进行总结，呼应全文，那么考生就可以使用这些词汇：accordingly / therefore / consequently / as stated earlier in … / the aforementioned work / as stated above in (paragraph two)等。
3.句子中的承接
往往，托福考试写作中句子与句子之间的衔接是最容易掌握的，可以使用一些表示因果、转折、并列等关系的连词将其连接。常见的就有so，nevertheless，besides this，furthermore等等。不过还是要少用as for/as to/besides这些比较口语化的词汇。再者，such，this也是很好的承接词，比如In such situation，In this cases等。
4.数字关系
这点在小作文里面使用的比较多，比如描述A和B的数据，可以使用respectively或者separately，描述时间顺序可以用chronologically等等。
篇3：托福写作段落衔接的五种方法
具有逻辑清晰的托福写作结构是托福作文高分的第一步，托福写作框架的搭建、段落的衔接有很多形式，包括例证、因果等等。下面就介绍一下托福写作段落衔接的五种结构，希望能教给大家一些托福写作技巧。
托福写作段落衔接的五种方法
段落的实现
⑴例证法 每个理由后面必须同时有例子 每篇文章至少两个例子
提出论点-列举事例-分析事例-得出结论-(重述论点)我认为-因为我觉得-比如说-你看
举例之后 一定要强调这样的例子不胜枚举。。。
Abraham Lincoln
⑵因果法 提出论点-原因-分析条件(如果这样会有什么好处/坏处，而这正是我们所需要/担心的)-得出结果
Lead to/result in
result from
Because of/due to/thanks to/owing to/by reason of/on account of
For 表示“因为”时不能放在句首
Because/for/since/as
As a result/outcome/consequence of
In consequence/in the end/consequently
Therefore/thereby/hence/thus(副词)
So(连词)
⑶ 比较对照法(整体、分项比较)
整体比较的好处：写起来容易 整体印象完整 缺点：两者对比不鲜明
分项比较的好处：两者对比特别鲜明 缺点：零碎的印象，大量的重复
Interweave 交织
⑷ 分类法/并列法
总论点
分论点一 在A方面 在B方面 在C方面
分论点二
分论点三
⑸定义法
衔接手段
使用连接词和短语(表示并列、转折、递进、因果、比较、对照、举例)
使用代词
使用语意粘连
举例：同意建工厂
常用词汇和结构
表示第一项
Firstly, to begin/start with, first of all, in the first place, on the one hand, the most important reason is, first and foremost
另一项 secondly, in the second place, on the other hand, besides, further more, additionally, in addition, moreover, equally important is, also, too, another
最后一项 last but not the least, most important of all, finally, thirdly, another point/reason
题型分类：
⑴观点选择 给出两个对立观点或者一个观点的对立两个方面，要求支持其中一个观点或者观点的一个方面。
Do you agree or disagree with the statements: parents are the best teachers 带有绝对性的题目，驳论更好写
⑵比较对比类 给出两个对立观点或者一个观点的对立两个方面，要求进行比较论述，并给出个人观点
It has been said,” Not everything that is learned is contained in books” compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?
⑶自定义类 考试频率最低、难度最大
You have the opportunity to visit a foreign country for two weeks. Which country would you like to visit? Use specific reasons and details to explain your choice.
给出一个范围或论题 要求自己确定观点并论述、正面反面都可以写
托福写作中需要注意的四点问题是什么
一：持一立场
针对某一个论题，每一种观点都有它的理由。同样，在托福作文中也不存在着唯一的观点和内容。这时，你可以从两个完全相反的观点中选择一个立场。关键在于你如何说服读者：尽管存在着相反的立场，你的观点从总体上来说仍然是最具说服力的。
一般说来，应该选择那个政治上正确的或者大多数考生会选择的观点。当然，如果你不擅长写这种文章，你可以适当地调整一下内容以适应你较习惯的舒服的表达方式。但总的说来，文章要均衡，不要包含高度争议性的论述。不要把这里当成思想家的论坛。写一篇高度争议性的文章只会让读者对你产生偏见，同时也会使电脑评分器费解，因为这种文章和其数据库里所储存的文章差别太大。所以，针对问题时尽量使用较冷静平和的语气。尽管如此，你也不能不选择一个立场。你必须选择一个将要“出现”在开头段落和结论段落里的观点。当然，考试时，题目会让你选择一种观点，但你必须明确地表述出来。
二：文章的深度
托福 写作每篇文章你只有30分钟，这么短的时间内你不可能覆盖每一个推理，反驳和例子。当你开始考试时，抽出几分钟的时间确定要写的论点和例子。你不必包含每个论题和概念。大部分学生都没有足够的时间覆盖他想覆盖的内容。所以，只要选择其中最具说服力的点和例子。其实，判分者也不期望你对每个论题都作深入的探讨。
这里最重要的是你的作文不要离题，抓住要点。不要扯远了也不要过分集中在某个例子上。
三：例子从何而来
托福写作题目会告诉你可以利用自己的经历来展开你的论点，得出结论。这种方法是可以的，但不要过分。你的推理依据应该更偏向于所学到的知识而非个人经历。你所举的例子或者知识可能很吸引人，但不要试图深入。因为托福作文测试的是你基本写作能力，而非你的专业知识。留学生：尽量多读一些美国杂志，以适应美国人写作的习惯和跟上时代的潮流。
四：保持简洁
试着将自己放在评分者的位置上，他们整天在为作文判分。你希望看到一篇包含5段每段4句的简洁的有效的文章还是4段每段10句的散漫的文章呢?简而言之：确保你的作文干脆，简洁能取悦评分者。在Issue部分这尤其重要，因为在这里你表达的是你自己的观点。
以上就是托福写作考试的注意事项，考生们要记牢这些，尽量避免问题的发生，一些考生为了增加单词量在句子中添加一些无用词，是整段内容显得冗杂繁琐，这类情形要减少发生，只要在生活中多积累经典语句，在托福写作中自然不会发生凑词凑句的情况发生，平时多积累些名人名言，优美句子，用在都是简单句的作文中，会使得你的作文更有深度。
托福写作之三招搞定完美开篇
1). 追根溯源法
即从托福写作题目给出的话题中找出这个现象产生的原因来扩展背景句。这种方法适合大多数的话题，考生要尽量在考前做托福作文练习，这样在考试就可以得心应手了。
请看下面的例子：
There are social, medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones?
这个题目中给出的话题是mobile phone，所以考生可以从它产生的原因来考虑，就是科技的繁荣，而科技的繁荣，手机的广泛使用是在20世纪末，这样背景句就有内容可写了。当然要通过相应的句型来写了。如
… (time) witnessed …
这个背景句就可以写成： The late 20th century witnessed the boom of science and technology, which gave rise to a series of technological innovations, including the mobile phone.
再看一例：
Nowadays, some universities offer students skills that assist them to find employment, but some people believe that the main function of a university should be to provide students with access to knowledge for its sake. What is your opinion?
这题要求大家讨论大学是提供职业技能还是传授知识。那从传统观点来看，大学是传授知识的地方，为什么会提出要传授技能呢，所以这里考生也可以用追根溯源法思考下，大家肯定可以想到是由于找工作已经成为当今教育的目的之一了，所以很多大学就转移到以传授技能为主了。那当然还是要结合句型，这里可以用as 引导的原因状语从句。
参考：As job-hunting has become one of the main purposes of university education, the majority of the universities tend to offer vocational trainings to prepare the students for their future career.
2). 重述法。
即对关于这个话题的当前现状的重述。
请看一例：
Nowadays, people are facing more and more work-related stress. State the possible reasons for this phenomenon and make some recommendations about how to combat it。
本题的话题关于压力，那考生可从当前社会现象来考虑这个问题，考生不难想出当下对压力这一现象的情况，即很多人都在承受着或多或少的压力。可用it is generally believed that … 形式主语的句型。
参考: It is generally believed that white-collar as well as blue-collars workers are suffering from psychological and physical stress stemming from work.
再看一例：
Environmental problem is too big for individual countries and individual people to address. In other words, we have reached the stage where the only way to protect the environment is at an international level. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
本题话题为环境问题，考生也可用重述法对当前环境问题进行重述，这时，可以用In modern society/ At present, 等表时间的介词短语来引导一个叙述句型。
参考：In modern society, environment related issues have confronted ecological scientists, government agencies and the general public.
3). 定义法。
即通过对话题词的定义的介绍，这种方法在新托福开头写作中有一定难度，考生需要有渊博的知识，才能做到对名词的解释，但对特别明显的词语，考生可借鉴这种方法。
请看一例：
The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they should not waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
本题中的话题词为图书馆，可以解释的词也是图书馆比较方便容易。那么到底如何解释呢，比如说图书馆在传统意义上来看，是收藏书的地方，而现在因为科技发展，使得图书馆的意义发生改变，从而引出话题。这里同样可以用形式主语：
It is generally believed that public libraries are places with a large collection of books; however, the digital time has given it a new means of storing and retrieving information.
托福写作范文：二十年之内，人们会减少烹饪时间
写作题目:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People will spend less time on cooking food in twenty years. 人们在之内，会减少在烹饪食物上的时间，是否认同?
写作范文
Food is typically one of the most important parts of a person’s day. “When, what, and where will I eat?” are questions people all over the world ask themselves every day. In twenty years, these questions will remain, but people will not spend less time cooking their own food for several reasons.
To begin, food is obviously important to people. People enjoy food that tastes good to them and relish a home-cooked meal. As technology advances and tasks at work are completed more efficiently, people find they have more leisure time. During the extra leisure time, families might begin to cook meals together as an activity to connect with one another. Preparing home-cooked meals is a timeless activity that families participate in and enjoy. For example, families gather for large home-cooked meals on Thanksgiving and Christmas in the United States. These family gatherings are a way for families to reconnect and catch up over a meal.
Secondly, it is economical for someone to cook their own meal. Instead of going out to lunch to buy food, people will continue to pack their lunches and eat leftovers. Packing lunches and finishing left overs is not only a great way to save money, but will reduce excess and unnecessary environmental waste, especially if the person is using reusable containers to carry his food. Cooking your own food will not only be important in twenty years; it’s important now! With populations skyrocketing all around the world, it has never been more important to reduce unnecessary environmental waste to sustain our world for future generations.
Finally, as rates of obesity continue to rise, fast food and eating out is beginning to get a ‘bad rap.’ Health is a high priority. When someone cooks themselves a meal, he is completely aware of what is being added, as well as the hygiene of the food because he purchased it. In other words, he is familiar with the food before he eats it. Being conscious of what you are consuming is extremely important, especially in order to stay healthy. Cooking your own food is the best way to maintain your weight and this will certainly not go out of style in twenty years.
In twenty years, people will continue to cook their own food. Cooking your own food allows you to spend time with family doing something meaningful for everyone involved, it helps maintain optimal health, and it is economical in many aspects.
篇4：托福写作：段落技巧
托福写作：段落技巧
开头段
开头段主要用以下几种方法来组织，即背景法(Background)， 争议法(Controversy)，提问法(Question)，故事法(Story)和引言法(Quotation)。
以背景法为例。背景法一般会提出一种普遍的或值得关注的现象作为背景 或者是由远到近，由大到小地谈论紧扣论题的社会观点作为背景。背景法开头段的结构通常如下：背景(1-3句)+论题+反方观点+(反方理由)+过度+(正方观点)+作者的观点+作者的理由。以8月11日的独立写作试题为例：Technology makes people's lives more complicated. 题目涉及到了现今社会比较热门的话题---科技。这样，我们就可以以这种社会比较关注的现象作为我们作文的开头背景。因此这个题目的首段就可以这样开始：Technology has had tremendous impacts on every aspect of modern life. However, people are having conflicting opinions about whether it has made people's lives more complicated or not. I believe technology has by and large made our lives more convenient。第一句话就是一句紧贴社会的背景，这样写不但很容易打开考生自己的思路，抓住作文的焦点，还能引起考官的共鸣。
中间段落
中间段落的文章结构通常如下：Transitional words + topic sentence + development。如果考生在平时能熟练运用这样的一个结构来展开作文，那么考场上就会凭借这份思维定势来帮助自己抓住每一分。中间三个段落都可以套用这种模式。
Transitional words主要有以下三种，即表顺序：firstly, secondly, finally (last but not least);表并列：besides, in addition;表对比：in contrast, in comparison。这些衔接词会让文章看起来脉络清晰，组织严密，也就做到了评分标准中的“well-organized”一条。
主题句，顾名思义，向考官展示的是考生作文的主要意旨所以它在中间段落中的作用是至关重要的。通常主题句应该注意一下几点：
1.主题句必须是陈述句。有的考生想在写作中创新，于是采用反问句或者其他看似多样化的题目，然而这种多样性带来的后果是给考官观点不明确的印象，很自然地会影响到分数。
2.必须表明观点。如果考生把一句无关痛痒的话放在主题句的位置上，很显然无法表明自身观点。比如像“今天是晴天”这样的话没有表明观点;然而 “今天是个好天气”就包含一种感情色彩在里面，给人一种立场明确的感觉。考生应该切记：没有反驳余地的就不可以作为主题句。
3.态度必须坚决。但是不能极端。
4.每段必须有主题句，理论上讲没有主题句是可以的，但是考场上不可以，没有主题就会浪费考官的时间去帮你总结主题，然而繁忙的考官是不会那么善良地去分析你的题目来抓取你的观点的。
至于中间段落的展开(development)则需要大家学习积累一些常用的段落展开方法，比如举例法、比较法、因果法等。
结尾
文章结尾段落虽然并不像开头和中间段落那样重要，然而没有结尾的文章是不完整的，不符合基本写作要求。所以考生在考场上一定要在结尾处再次声明自己观点(restatement)， 或者提出新的希望，或者提出解决问题的方案，从而让考官有一种善始善终的良好印象。如果考生能做到以上几点，那么我们的作文构思就是比较成功了。
托福写作高分满分范文点评和思路解析：男女学生要分开上学吗?
托福写作难点话题一览
Should boys and girls attend separate schools?
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Boys and girls should attend separate schools. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
写作思路展开结构分析
这道题目可能大家初看到会很难想到展开的点。按照现在的观点来看重视男女平等可能选择不支持分校会比较好写，理由也是现成的，就是男女应该平等不能区别对待，当然大家也可以从反对早恋这样比较传统的观点来支持分校来展开，只要给出的理由能够站得住脚就行。
本话题高分范文赏析
In my country, China, many people in a sense live in a ridiculous culture where young boys and girls should never say “love” to each other. Moreover, it is absolutely a shame that such affairs happen in campus. To avoid alleged shame or danger of it, some people assert that boys and girls should attend separate schools.
The point is, is there anything wrong when a little boy says “I love you” to a little girl? Gone are the days when “love” was a forbidden word in our culture, it has now, nevertheless, actually quite different connotations from that of the word in western society. It can be seen that people in Hollywood movies often say “I love you” to almost everyone naturally, readily and easily, including friends, family members, partners in work, even an unknown taxi driver! But in China, not surprisingly, many people have never said “I love you” to their parents, even seldom to their mates or children. “Love”, in Chinese word, does in fact carry subtle connotations related to immoral affairs.
It seems not a problem of is there anything wrong, but one of there must be something wrong if a teenager dares to say anything about “love!”
Even if there must be something wrong when a teenager falls into love, is it something so appalling even evil that adults have to take action to prevent or even fight? Did we ever discover any prudent evidence which clearly prove it is really something bad? Hardly. It is in fact quite natural that a little boy admire a beautiful girl or a little girl feels a smart boy appealing. And such emotions do not harm anything. Alleged “puppy love” simply is a nonsense concept invented by ignorance. Girls and boys actually do not even know what love is!
Perhaps they merely imitate behaviors of adults around them. What we adults should do is not to make them believe “love” is evil, but to teach them what true love really means. Regrettably, those adults never realize that they actually fail to assume their responsibility, but presumptuously believe they are capable of eliminating Jove among boys and girls by separating them into different school. It will never work. Separate school once was one of evil signs of discrimination of women, but today reemerges to prevent “love affairs” among teenagers—a high school in Beijing recently announced that it has already separated girls from boys into different classes. I can hardly imagine any benefit that such a scheme could produce except for further distortions of teenagers' natures.
托福写作：生活习惯的考试题目
To be successful on study or work, what do you think is more important, have the ability to adapt to new conditions or continue to study?
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: grandparents’ experiences have no use to children because fifty years have passed by and the world has changed.
Should people always have no reason to be impolite to others?
Should people strive to gain prestige rather than money?
Do people living in suburban areas take care of family members more carefully than people living in big cities?
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: it is not better for people to remove to a new city or country because they would lose former friends.
When people are in face of disputed topics, should people use emails and short messages or directing way of talking to communicate with others?
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: the most influential problems to the society can be solved by the contemporary generation.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: people should make quick decision rather than wait for the opportunities patiently.
The personal and work-related challenges that young people face today are not any different from the challenges their parents and grandparents faced when they were young.
Some people believe that people should follow their ambitious dreams and goals even they are not realistic; others believe that people should focus on achieving realistic goals. What’s your opinion and why? Use specific reasons to support your answer.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Since most people can solve their problems by themselves or with the help from their families, the help from government is often not necessary. Use specific reasons to support your answer.
The way a person is dressed in is a good indication of his/her character or personality.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important to know about what is happening around the world, even if it does not affect your personal lives. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
篇5：托福写作提升方法
托福写作提升方法丨你是否了解审题的重要性?
一.托福写作审题的重要性
托福写作很多人都在练习如何写，如何能有一个漂亮的文笔，这时不少人都忽略了托福作文题目本身，其实托福写作经验提醒大家一个好的开始真的是成功的一半，一定要先把题目弄懂再进行写作。
在托福考场上时间无疑是最为宝贵的，那么怎么能在有限的时间内争分夺秒，迅速阅读并理解题目，理清思路，并组织好语言呢?这需要我们在平时不断大量的练习，以及在每次练习后总结经验教训，以免下次再犯同样的错误。那么在平时的练习以及在考场上，审题无疑是最为重要的环节之一，因为它直接与我们的写作内容相联系，如果我们审题出现了偏差，那么不管我们的语言多么优美生动，不管我们的结构多么合理分明，我们的作文都是不合格的，所以，我们在练习及考试时，都不能不重视审题这一步骤，务必要在最短的时间内抓住题目的关键词，正确理解要求，保证迅速而准确的解读出题目的隐含意义，并迅速梳理出自己的思路，树立自己的观点，写出一篇高质量的作文来。
二.如何审好题目
我们应该熟悉托福作文题目的主要类型，托福写作经验提醒大家要明确托福独立写作主要有几种形式，每种形式的代表词是什么，对于该种类型的题目又有什么方法可以解，哪种方法最为有效最为快速，哪种方法最为百搭，哪种方法容易写出高质量的作文来。
这就要求我们在平时的写作练习中多加思考，积极总结，并且要了解自己的长处和弱项，有针对性的进行练习，这样不但知己知彼，还能扬长避短，保证我们在托福独立写作中得到高分。在平时的练习中，我们阅读题目时，不但要注意题目所讨论的主要问题，究竟是属于经济类还是教育类，更应该抓住一些看似不是重点的虚词，比如 “must”、“should”以及“the most”等等。这些词不但修饰了题目中所要表达的问题，更标志了该种题目的类型，在解题思路上给我们提示。
不管是在平时的托福写作练习还是考场上面，我们都应该抓住关键词，这个关键词不仅仅指“经济”、“教育”这一类词，更是“必须”、“应该”这种表示情感或者说表示态度的词。这种词直接关系到我们可以采取什么态度来回应题目，是完全同意，还是部分同意，亦或者是完全不同意。在平时多多研究这些词语和解题思路的关系，总结相应的套路，能够在考场上为我们节省大量的时间，提升解题效率和准确度，并且帮助我们战无不胜。
总之，在阅读题目时，我们要抓住每一个关键词，深入理解他们的意思，分析不同题目之间相同之处，总结出托福独立写作的套路来，只有通过大量练习和不断总结，我们才能更全面的理解托福独立写作的要求，从而写出符合要求的作文来。
托福写作模板：书本知识与实践经验
Task：It has been said, “Not everything that is learned is contained in books.” Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?.
托福写作模板范文参考：
We all crave knowledge, especially in this Age of Information, but what is the best source of knowledge? Are we to believe Albert Camus, who stated” The place we are to get knowledge is in books”? Or are we better served by following Albert Einstein's counsel that “The only source of knowledge is experience”? Although books have their place in one's learning, there is no substitute for experience; indeed, it is experience that is ultimately the most important source of knowledge.
First, let us consider the knowledge needed to undertake a profession-for example, that of a physician. Knowledge gained from books provides the foundation of a doctor's training: study in a medical school begins with a near-overload of reading on anatomy, physiology and maladies both rare and common. However, during this time the medical student is also learning through experience, beginning with dissecting cadavers from almost the first day of medical school. Then, the aspiring physician must complete four years of residency, consisting of actual supervised experience at a hospital in which he or she now must put into practice all of the knowledge he or she has edge of dealing with patients, prescribing medication, and the joy and sadness of saving and losing patients; in other words, it is through experience that these residents finally learn what it means to be a doctor.
What about knowledge other than professional expertise-for example, knowledge about another culture? In this realm as well, both books and real-life experience enrich and edify us. For example, Paris is perhaps the most talked-about and written-about city in the world. We could read Hemingway's A Moveable Feast, in which he describes the excitement and intellectual spirit-as well as the restaurants and plentiful red wine-of Paris in the 1920's. Or, we could travel to Paris and eat at bistros, walk across the Pont Neuf and look at the river Seine, visit the Louvre museum, and have adventures of our own. Clearly, most people would have attained more lasting and vivid knowledge by visiting Paris on their own rather than reading about it secondhand.
In summary, experience, rather than books, is more central to our quest for learning, especially with regard to professional expertise. With regard to learning about another culture, experience is also irreplaceable. Yet not everyone in the world will have the health or financial resources to carry out a trip to Paris. But many people have access to a local library where they can borrow A Moveable Feast and, at no cost, read Hemingway's vibrant descriptions of Paris. We cannot forget the complementary and unique knowledge afforded by books, but experience is the most precious source of knowledge.
托福写作之攻略长句子
那什么时候使用长句，什么时候使用短句?
在你要表达中心思想的时候，也就是在写主题句的时候，建议使用短句，因为写中心思想的时候需要在一句话当中把你的主要观点论述清楚，在这种情况下短句的表现力会更好。
在你要表达复杂概念，且这些概念存在因果、对比、时间等逻辑关系的时候，你可以使用长句，这样能让你一句话当中补充的信息比较多，也证明你对英语句子的掌握会比较充分。
所以说，山不在高有仙则名，水不在深有龙则灵，句不在长够用就行。
今天主要介绍三种让句子写得更长、更富有变化的方法。第一种，句子开头的变化。第二种，平行结构。第三种，分词结构。
句子开头的变化
首先，句子开头的变化目的是让句子变得更多样。它对句子长度的增加，并不那么明显。
让我们看个例子：Immediately, the police officer got out of the car and asked for my driver’s license.，immediately放在句首，可以让句子更多样，看起来富于变化。
再看一个例子：Farmlands, However, were less possible to be polluted because of fewer factories in the past. 那这句又把however又放在了主语的后边，谓语动词的前边，组成了一个插入语也可以。像这种句首的副词是一种变化方式。
第二，你可以用短语来开头。看这个例子，In the arena, fans stood with their hands over their hearts and sang the National Anthem with the purpose of showing respect to their country. 大家注意看，这一个单句，但是这句话写的也比较长，你看一下，开头是用了一个In the arena，然后在句子的末尾加了一个介词短语with purpose of doing something。前边加了一个介词短语，后边加了一个介词短语，那整个这句话变得就比较长了，也变得比较多样了。所以说介词短语，也可以让你的句子变得多样，且长度增加。
接下来还有一种方式，就是在句子的开头放上一个不定式，比如说To win，或者是写成in order to win，candidates need to convey a clear message that is not contaminated by the opposition. 前边加了一个in order to或者是to，也可以让句子变得多样，且长度增加。
还有一种方式，利用现在分词来开头，比如说，Tapping the power of being seen, the Oscar nominees appeared on late-night television, morning news programs, and in glossy magazines. ，现在分词tapping就可以起到让句子开头有变化的这种作用，但是注意，tapping出现ing的时候证明这个词的主语跟后面主句的主语一致，这种情况下才可以使用ing的形式来开头。
同样呢，我们还可以使用过去分词做开头，但这种情况下要求后一句的主语要和前边的这个分词形成被动关系，比如说，Seen from the space, the Earth is a blue planet.，其实就是 the earth is seen from the space, the Earth is a blue planet.。所以说这种情况下注意主动和被动关系就行了。主动用ing，被动用过去分词，也就是ed。所以说我们稍微总结一下，句子开头变化可以句首+副词，还可以用短语来开头，还可以用不定式，还可以用分词结构。
平行结构
第二种方式，平行结构这种方式其实非常好用，往往被大家忽视。比如说：My embarrassment stemmed not from the money lostbut from the notoriety gained.，所以说这个地方在说的时候你要想清楚，你看这句话not from...，but from...，这是不是一种平行的短语结构啊，让你的句子变得更加的丰富。
第二呢，She wanted her audience to remember the protest song and to understand its origin.，to remember...，and to understand...，这两个不定式同时也构成了一个平行的结构。
第三句，The team members vowed that they would support each other, that they would play their best, and that they would win the tournament.，注意，这三个平行结构是怎么构成的呢?三个宾语从句，that...，that...，and that...，所以说这一下这个句子就能拉长。再看下边一个例子，Whether her goals include publicizing student and faculty research or increasing research funding, she always works to improve research facilities.，注意，whether后边加的是publicizing...or increasing...，所以说用doing的方式也可以构成平行结构。
在这里大家想一想，究竟什么是平行结构呢。那这个平行结构说的简单点，就是用同样的结构来并列，形成一种关系。常见的呢，可以引导平行结构的短语有：
both...and...;either...or...;neither...nor...;not only...but also...;whether...or...
这都是大家很熟悉的短语。只不过大家平时用的时候都是用名词，both A and B，A和B都是简单的名词或者代词，你没有想想是不是可以用短语来代替这些词，也可以加长句子的长度。
分词结构
第三种，就是分词结构。分词结构我们主要说分词做后置作定语的这种方式。
比如说看例子：By contrast, people living in the cityare suffering from various diseases caused by the environmental contamination, for pollutants from factories and automobiles are continually being discharged into the air and rivers.
这句话里边people living in the city其实就是people who live in the city，主动语态放在后边就可以用一个doing的形式来简化这个定语从句，后边那个various diseases caused by...，其实就是diseases which are caused by...，所以说这种过去分词也可以做后置定语，只要和前边的是个被动的关系就可以了。因此，这种分词结构也能够使句子变得更加丰富更加多样，然后长度也会相应拉长。
总结
前面我们在讲解的过程当中一直在说这个问题，你要让你的句子多样，要让你的句子变长。你发现了吗，变长的时候我们的主力句型是什么呢，就是从句，或者分词，再加上一个并列句，简单的讲就是，你要写成，when I get up, I go to school, and...，怎么怎么怎么样。这样一句话就可以把它拉长。在你写从句的时候，你也可以考虑使用分词来替换，因此呢，这就是我们让句子变长的几个小的技巧。
最后给大家来一个结构非常清楚的长句例子：
Both involving in program engineering and in the after-sale service, Tom could not only sharpen his skills in his major—computer science by being elected as one of top ten programmers in the company but also he could cultivate a new skill—fluently and efficiently communicate with others by answering dozens of calls of complaints from the customers every day.(60 words)
篇6：如何合理建立托福写作段落结构
在托福写作中我们除了关注句式和词汇的运用之外，段落的架构也是整体文章最后得分的关键。而对于托福写作来说，他的结构和我们所经历过的议论文写作颇为相似。下面我们就为大家来详细分析一下如何合理安排托福写作的段落结构。
如何合理建立托福写作段落结构
在托福作文写作中，一般遵循introduction- body-conclusion(导语段-主体段-定论段)的“三步曲”。Body(主体)时间供给了证明观念的理由，是整个托福 写作的主体，在评分中占有很大的比重。例如一篇满分的托福作文有必要“presents a fully developed position in answer to the question with relevant, fully extended and well supported ideas”。这儿的“fully extended / well supported”，有必要经过主体段来表现。
1.Write a topic sentence for each paragraph you plan to write. Each topic sentence should relate to your thesis statement and introduce what the paragraph will be about. If you find that the topics you want to discuss do not support the thesis statement you have written, revise your thesis statement or reconsider your topic sentences.
(每个主体段都有必要有一个清楚的主题句)
2.Write ideas that support your topic sentences. The topic sentence for each paragraph tells the reader what the paragraph will be about. The ideas stated in the rest of the paragraph should all relate to the topic sentence.
(支撑句有必要环绕主题句翻开)
新托福满分作文也需求“is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and/or details”，相同有必要经过主体时间打开来完毕。一般来说，一篇议论文写作有必要包括至少两个主体段。托福作文每个主体段都有必要有清楚的主题句“topic sentence”和若干支撑句“supporting sentences”。他们一起组成文章的理由段，对全文的观念供给理由支撑。
托福写作经典结构——5段式结构
常用iBT文章结构-适用于comparison & contrast essay和argument essay.
不论是comparison & contrast essay还是argument essay，它们的文章结构基本相同。分为3大部分和5段结构(Point-by-Point Format), 也许有人喜欢4段(即Block Format),但就初来乍到者，我还是建议他们使用Point-by-Point Format, 并且依据我老师的经验(Jeff)来看，北美人更加喜欢这种结构(其实因为这些老外每天都要批阅几十篇文章，他们已经不阅读文章的内容，仅仅是审查文章的结构和词汇，他们没有时间去对比Block Format结构中的问题或者论点)，这令我很吃惊，这与国内老师的意见相驳或者相反。
这篇经验我想用一个例子(Coffee and tea)来向大家解释，有可能我的例子不是很好，或者论点有些可笑，不过我想大家还是要记住，老外已经在iBT中说明，他们不关心你的论点(Issue/Top Sentences) 和论据(Details/Evidence)是否合情合理，只关心你的论据(Details/Evidence)是否可以证明你的论点，仅此而已。大家在稍后的文章中可以看到，我的3个论点中的2个比较controversial, 但是，在我的Detail中支持的好就可以了。
首先，谈一谈5段式结构和Body Paragraph的结构：
Introduction Paragraph：Say what you are going to say.
这个我想不用我多说了，就是文章的“引子”，你的文章是否有高分，这个很重要。这样的句子不要出现，例如：In my essay, I will demonstrate…。下面的句子Jeff称之为Ok Sentence,即可以出现的句子，例如：Tea is the best drink in the world. 或者可以使用五星级的句子，例如：Although Coke is becoming more popular, it can not replace China's love of tea.
Background / Definition: 重新描述问题，但是不要使用老外给你的题目原话，这里我可以说，如果你使用了原话，不会对你的文章产生任何不好的影响，只是你不会在这里拿到应该得到的分数而已。你可以写成为 Tea is the most popular hot drink in the world.
Thesis: 中心句，如果文章不是argument essay，请不要直接在句子中表达自己的意见或者用一种General的形式来表达大家的意见, 例如：Tea is the world's favorite drink because it provides health benefits, it is less expensive, and it is available in many varieties.
Forecasting: 见关键词解释。Because后面的3个简单句就是Forecasting。
Body Paragraph I:
Top Sentence: First，Tea is healthier to drink. (OK-Sentence)Jeff推荐的句子Drank by million of people, tea is… (分词开头-ed)，再如：Improving your health, tea is drank…(动名词开头-ing)，又如：For thousands of years, tea is…(General 开头)
Detail: 这个不用多说了，就是要把你的例子举出来了。For example, people who drink tea, live longer, healthier lives than these who drink coffee.
Befriend:这个是重点了，要把拳头收回来。例如：Although coffee is good for your health, it cause heart attacks in large amounts.
Support:这个时候需要你利用你事实作为拳头伸出去，例如：In fact, heart attacks are one of the leading causes of death, so tea is a better drink according to doctor's suggestion.
Concluding Sentence:最后要简单扼要的总结一下，你在这段的论点和论据，其原理就像是简易书架，你只有两边都有支撑的面，你的书才不会向没有支撑面的那边倒去。可能有些朋友认为这个比较麻烦或者多余，不过我还是建议大家要包含这个部分，例如：To sum up, tea is healthier in several ways compared to coffee.
Body Paragraph II: 结构如上述，我就不多说了。
Body Paragraph III: 同上。
Conclusion Paragraph: 关于Conclusion我还是要多说两句，通常老外喜欢用Conclusion作为整篇文章的结尾用词，而用to sum up等作为段落的总结。例如：Despite the fact that coffee consumption is increasing, it will never be as beneficial as tea. Tea is less expensive, comes in more varieties, and is healthier. In conclusion, tea will remain the best drink until humans invent something better.
顺便提及一下，有的朋友会问，是否可以变化一下Body Paragraph的结构，我的建议是不要变化，不信的话，您可以自己尝试一下把你的文章重新排一下，您就会知道这里面的区别了。
再谈一下comparison & contrast essay 和argument essay的区别：
在我看来，它们之间的区别有两点。第一点，作者的视角不同。何谓视角不同?即当你写argument essay的时候，你需要在Introduction Paragraph中的Thesis中表达作者支持哪一方面。第二点，对比方面在文章中所占的份额，即如果你在写comparison & contrast essay时，比例为40%(一方面的优点)和60%(另一方面的优点和缺点)，虽然是comparison & contrast essay, 但是我想作为作者，你怎么也要表达一下自己的意见或者意图，让读者明白你是虽然在作两件事物的比较，但是还是有你的偏好在里面(喜欢Reading的朋友会有这种体会)。在写argument essay 时，比例为10%(敌对方的缺点)和90%(支持方的优点针对敌方缺点和无伤大雅的支持方缺点)。
最后谈一下在我们写作是要注意的问题。
1. 要多使用连接词来转换读者的视角和给出你自己的例子。不要让读者自己通过文章内容来转换视角，这样的文章不适用于考试，而适用于你自己的写作中或者长篇论文中。
2. 通常，我都是在写开头的时候，顺便把文章的结尾一并写好，因为文章开头和结尾的结构相似。可以节省时间。
3. 一定要花时间来检查文章中的词汇是否正确以及必要的时候要用更好的句型来优化你的写作。有很多朋友觉得时间不够，所以不检查自己的文章，我想既然你用键盘输入你的文章，就一定有错误的时候，况且那个时候比较紧张。我作为视计算机为自己一部分的人，每次给客户，朋友和同事回信的时候，我都要检查一下。以免让人家笑话或者引起争议。
以上就是小编为大家整理的托福写作经典的5段式结构，大家在平时练习的时候就可以根据这个结构来写。
实例讲解托福独立写作首段思路和段落结构
好的开始是成功的一半!在托福考试中，很多学生面对三、四百字的独立写作要求，有了思路，却迟迟不知如何动“笔”，30分钟的时间一分一秒流逝，文章质量也会随着心理状态的不同而受影响，从而影响最终的托福成绩。
为了使学生在有限的时间以最佳的状态一气呵成，临场发挥是不可取的，通过无数考生的亲身验证，我们发现即使考生英语水平非常好，写作不做任何准备去应考也是风险很大的。因此，考生务必在考试之前做好充足的准备工作。
既然要准备充足，方方面面的工作都要细究，今天要细究的内容是开头部分，我们将通过一条实例给大家讲一下首段的写作思路和段落结构。
经过一段时间的备考，很多同学对于独立写作题目涉及的话题应该是比较熟悉了，在进行首段结构讲解之前，希望大家思考这样一个问题：独立写作中所涉及的这些话题，为什么会被ETS考官选中，放在一个全球性的语言考试中呢?大家可以再回顾一下独立写作的一些题目，他们其实都有一个共同的性质，那就是它所涉及的话题和内容，都是大家熟知的，并且会引起人们的讨论的话题，也就是考生们“普遍知晓”，并能“引起讨论”。因此我们得出托福独立写作题目的两个特点：一是具有“普遍性”，二是具有“可讨论性”。
所谓“普遍性”，就是题目涉及的内容大家都熟知，例如，曾经有这样一个题目：A/D：The telephone has greater effects on people than television.题目当中的television 和telephone都是大家熟知的事物，起码对于所有托福考生来说，大家都肯定是再熟悉不过的东西了，所以这样的事物出现在题目中，是具有公平性的;
所谓“可讨论性”，就是指题目所涉及的话题有可讨论的价值，如同辩论赛的论题一样，它是可以让正反双方展开讨论的，他的观点是辩证的。
根据这两个特点，我们总结了一种开头段的结构，这个结构有三部分组成：第一部分——体现普遍性;第二部分——体现可讨论性;第三部分——得出立场或者文章打算;这里的第三部分根据大家文章行文思路的不同而进行不同的段落收尾就可以了，下面我们根据这个结构理论来进行一个题目的讲解：
2012.08.25=2009.10.07NA
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? To achieve successful development of a country，a government should spend more money on young children’s education(5-10) rather than on universities.
同意/不同意：为了一个国家的发展，政府应当花更多的钱在儿童教育上，而不是大学教育上。
这是一个教育类的话题，同时涉及到政府拨款的问题，涵盖两个方面的比较，一个是投资儿童教育，一个是投资大学教育。大家试着将这两个方面总结成一个事件
——the issue of how to invest in education
或者——the issue of educational investment
做完这项工作之后就可以按照三部分的结构写出开头段了。
首先要写的是普遍性：
As is often the case, the issue of educational investment is so much concerned that it has aroused a wide discussion.
此句中开头是以as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代的是逗号后面句子中的全部内容，这件事是经常发生的情形。此句体现了问题的普遍性。然后就要体现可讨论性了，如何来体现呢，首先，出现可讨论性的前提，就是因为出现了差异，我们可以适当的过度交代一下原因，可如下叙述：
People varying in personalities as well as backgrounds tend to look at the same matter from diversified perspectives.
这句话的意思是，因为人们个性和背景方面各不相同，所以人们往往从不同的角度看待同一个问题。过度之后，进行“可讨论性“的写作：
Some people maintain that investing in primary education is a wise/an optimum option, while others hold that investing in tertiary-level education is sensible/sagacious.
将两部分人的观点进行论述，目的在于通过可讨论性的体现，将题目转化成双方面的观点。之后要做的工作就是段落收尾了，收尾之前也需要进行适当的铺垫In taking various factors into consideration, 其中take…into consideration代表“考虑”之意，相当于consider something，之后，根据行文方式的不同选择不同的收尾方式，下面给大家两中选择：
——I reckon that elementary education and high-level education are intertwined elements that are playing respective roles in the process of one’s growth.
这种收尾方式偏向中庸之道，后面的行文也多倾向于分情况讨论的思路;
——I reckon that it is the latter/former claim that makes more sense/ bears more rationality.
这种收尾方式思路方向比较确定，一般选择立论文的考生会选择。
综上我们将这篇文章整合汇总如下：
In recent years /As is often the case, the issue of educational investment is so much concerned that it has aroused a wide discussion. People varying in personalities as well as backgrounds tend to look at the same matter from diversified perspectives. Some people maintain that investing in primary education is an optimum option, while others hold that investing in tertiary-level education is sensible. In taking various factors into consideration, I reckon that elementary education and high-level education are intertwined elements that are playing respective roles in the process of one’s growth.
(I reckon that it is the latter/former claim that makes more sense / bears more rationality.)
大家可以看到，在文中多次出现初级教育和高等教育的词组，但上文却采取了不同的表达方式，primary education对应于elementary education，tertiary-leveleducation相对应于high-level education。因此，向大家强调一点是，如果在一个段落，或者一篇文章中，我们不可避免的会遇到重复意思的表达，这时候，希望大家多多积累同近义词的短语和词组，用于文章当中将会显得语言更加丰富。
许多考生在学习之初可以适当的背诵段落和词句，因为提高写作做好的方法就是临摹和套用，大家可以将上述段落中的下划线部分看做模板句式，非下划线部分可以根据题目来进行填充。下面我们利用上述模板，来练习另一道题目：
In your opinion, which one is better, to spend money on something that lasts for a long time, such as valuable jewelry, or spend your money on short term pleasure such as vacation?
花钱买贵重物品还是去短期度假
首段：
As is often the case, the issue of money spending is so much concerned that it has aroused a wide discussion. People varying in personalities as well as backgrounds tend to look at the same matter from diversified perspectives. Some people maintain that spending on jewelry is a wise/ an optimum option, while others hold that spending on vacation is sensible/ sagacious. In taking various factors into consideration，I reckon that material life and spiritual enjoyment are intertwined elements that are playing respective roles in daily life.
由此，这篇文章的首段就完成了，在写作之初，建议大家多多学习范文或模板的写作，但不容忽视的是，模板性越强的段落应用性和灵活性越差，所以，在托福备考进行到一定程度时，希望大家更多地组建自己最顺手的模板段落或句型，并且多加练习，只有这样，在面临写作题目的时候，才能“临危不惧”地一气呵成。
【托福写作】托福写作经典范文解析
写作范文
When a new piece of technological device, usually an electronic gadget, is launched, there must be long queues of people who cannot wait to own it. On the other hand, there are patient people, who wait until the market calms down. Although passion is not necessarily undesirable, patience is more adoptable.
当启动一种新的技术设备（通常是电子产品）时，一定会有很多人迫不及待想要拥有它。 另一方面，还有耐心的人，他们等到市场平静下来。 尽管热情不一定是不希望的，但耐心更可取。
这段从一个例子开始诉说一个中心思想，然后最后一句话带出耐心更需要被采用。典型的开头见山，例子清晰简单，而且很有认同感，让读者想起iPhone的发布。
For one thing, if a consumer could stay calm, he or she would likely have an economical deal or even a bargain. As consumer electronics are updated so frequently that the original high price of a model can hardly remain long, it is not smart to purchase a device when it is newly available and at its peak price. After the initial thrill, many early birds regret their impulse because they know that they have overpaid. It is therefore sensible to buy the device when the price drops to a reasonable level. As for the excitement of owning a new digital gear, as long as the device is new to its owner, it does not have to be the freshly available.
一方面，如果消费者能够保持镇定，则他或她可能会达成经济交易，甚至讨价还价。 由于消费电子产品的更新频率很高，以至于模型的原始高价几乎无法维持太久，因此，在新近可用且价格最高的设备上购买设备并不明智。 最初的激动之后，许多早起的鸟儿后悔自己的冲动，因为他们知道自己付出了高昂的代价。 因此，在价格降至合理水平时购买设备是明智的。 至于拥有新的数字设备的兴奋，只要该设备是其所有者的新设备，就不必新鲜购买。
Here comes the follow-up question: for how long should a consumer wait? Usually a few months — when many people have owned it. A typical example is smart phones, whose old models are replaced with new ones annually. A consumer could wait for merely a few months and own the most recent model with a moderate expense of money, saving hundreds of dollars.
接下来的问题是：消费者应该等待多长时间？ 通常几个月-当很多人拥有它时。 一个典型的例子是智能手机，其旧型号每年都会被新型号替换。 消费者只需要等待几个月，就可以拥有一笔适度的金钱，拥有数百美元，就能拥有最新的模型。
上面的例子的详细介绍，通过问答形式开头，能够吸引考官注意，代入感很强，让考官有兴趣去继续阅读。
中心句：
Waiting is a rational decision also because consumers can be better-informed. Although it is exciting to chase the trend closely, those technological fashionistas can wind up feeling disappointed. When they purchase a newest model of tablet or a most cutting-edgy wearable item, they often have no idea or only a vague idea of how these products actually feel—the appearance, the tactility, the weight and the functionality. At the moment they open the box, any feature that is below their expectations can upset them. Contrarily, patience makes winners. It is particularly advantageous that ‘late arrivals’, who have probably learned the strengths and weaknesses of a device from the feedback of ‘early birds’, are well prepared for the item. Especially unsurprising by the drawbacks, those patient shoppers are less likely to be ripped off .
等待也是一个理性的决定，因为消费者可以了解更多信息。 尽管紧追潮流是令人兴奋的，但是那些技术时尚达人可能会感到失望。 当他们购买最新型号的平板电脑或最易切削的可穿戴产品时，他们通常对这些产品的实际感觉一无所知，或者只是模棱两可—外观，触感，重量和功能。 在他们打开包装盒的那一刻，任何低于他们期望的功能都会使他们不高兴。 相反，耐心使胜利者。 可能已经从“早起的鸟儿”的反馈中了解到设备优势和劣势的“迟到者”为该物品做好了充分的准备，这是特别有利的。 尤其是不足为奇的是，那些耐心的购物者被剥夺的可能性较小。
中心句依旧使用例子证明自己的观点，通过人们的购买习惯来证明消费者更具备耐心。承接下面的总结，不会一下子把思想讲完，以为是结束了。
In conclusion, first, if a technological product is purchased at a supposedly lower price, it is more worth the money; second, if the decision of purchasing is based on others’ user experience as reference, it may be more reasonable. For these two reasons as the minimum, it is better to buy a technological device when the initial heat is gone than when the tide is high.
总之，首先，如果以较低的价格购买技术产品，那么物有所值； 其次，如果购买决定是基于他人的用户体验作为参考，则可能更合理。 出于这两个最低限度的原因，最好是在初始热量消失时购买技术设备，而不是在涨潮时购买。
句法结构丰富且自然：没有过度堆砌语法结构而造成阅读困难、冗余、油腻，作为范文可以帮助学生建立正确的导向，防止一味追求复杂结构。词汇地道且自然：并没有追求长难罕见词，但大量使用了学生普遍认识但未必会用的词汇，恰如其分，没有明显的中文痕迹。
篇7：托福写作高分方法有哪些
托福写作高分方法有哪些?
第一，需要考生有一定的英语语法基础。
新托福写作对于学生的语法要求不会很高，在懂得主谓宾正常的构句规则的基础上，加上对各种从句以及几个特殊句式(强调句、倒装句)的运用，就足以应付托福写作。很多基础相对来说薄弱的考生经常会遇到的困境是：对英语的语法产生恐惧，因为不写不错，一写就错。这部分考生克服这个困难的办法是：多去动笔写，写完了让老师或者是身边英语比较好的同学帮忙改，弄懂每一个语法错误是为什么道理，切不可消极怠工，意志沉沦。
第二，文章结构最重要。
托福写作通常是一个五段三点式的写作，通常我们也叫鱼骨头(Fish Bone)式。这样的结构就是最为普遍的议论文结构，开头段+中间三段+结尾段。千万不要小看这样的结构，以为这样的结构过于简单，过于八股。其实，新托福写作考查的也就是考生是否会熟练运用这样的结构去表达自己对一个观点的看法。美国的高中生会专门用一年的时间来学习这样的结构。所以在准备托福写作的时候，应该特别注意要熟练运用五段三点式这样的结构。
第三，语言需要有一定程度上的多样性。
语言多样性分为句式的多样性和词汇的多样性。新托福试说到底，还是在考查学生的语言能力。文章结构就是一个人的骨架，那么剩下来的工作就是需要往这具空空的骨架中添加进生动的血肉，这就是我们的语言了。新托福写作考试对于考生的语言水平最基本的要求是没有太多的语法错误，也就是考生所犯的语法错误不会影响到文章的理解。在这个基础上，新托讣试还要求学生会熟练运用一些句式、词汇，使文章看起来很native。句式的多样性是很容易通过老师的指导在短时间内得到迅速的提升的，但是词汇的多样性却要在很大程度上依靠考生自己平时自身的积累，光靠老师的总结是远远不够的，再好的老师也永远不可能把所有的词汇总结出来。对于想要在写作部分取得高分的考生而言的(所谓的高分就是写作部分得到25分以上)就必须下工夫去提高自己语言多样性上的修养，对于普通的考生而言，只需要适当运用就可。
第四，我们必须注意中西方文化的差异对于我们新托福写作的影响。
这里最为典型的一点就是，西方人的思路是演绎式的(deduction)，他们会先把自己最主要的观点亮出来，然后再针对自己的观点做进一步的阐释;而中国人的思路是归纳式的(induction)，中国人擅于先大段的说理论证，分析各种可能的情况，然后最后加上一个总结，也就是自己的观点。在新托福写作中我们一定要使用演绎式的写作方式，切忌使用归纳式的方式。原因在于：使用演绎式的写作方式，一开始就亮出观点，使读者很清晰地明白作者的观点，于是读者就会更好地理解下面的相关论证，使得读者更容易觉得文章的思路清晰，逻辑严密;而使用归纳式的写作方式，读者在阅读之前的论证的时候，自己心里也会产生一个自己的观点，也就是说读者自己就会先于作者得出一个观点，要是当最后作者的观点与读者的观点相异时，就会很容易的使读者认为作者的思路不清晰，逻辑不严密。这就是中国式思路归纳式的缺点。
第五，我们必须要注意新托福机考的特殊性。
从小到大，我们写过无数的作文，考过无数的考试，但是机考对于一般的考生来说几乎都是第一次。新托讣试实施的是网络机考，也就是说我们的作文都需要在考试的时候用键盘敲出来，这个对于一般的考生来说也会是一个不大不小的障碍。针对于机考，我们平时就需要注意练习。现在的孩子都会用网络聊天，打字速度飞快，但是，你们平时都是用英文聊天的么中文和英文的打字习惯是不一样的，需要我们平时慢慢地去适应，而且平时一定要花时间去适应，否则考试的时候一定会吃亏。并且，很多孩子平时在家都使用的是笔记本电脑，而正式考试的时候使用是台式机，笔记本电脑和台式机的键盘是有所区别的，手感也是有很大的差异，所以平时练习写作的时候需要使用最普通的电脑键盘。这些细节往往就是决定成败的重要砝码。
托福写作范文：小说还是非小说
“When people succeed, it is because of hard work. Luck has nothing to do with success.” Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.
It is universally acknowledged that hard work is indispensable to success. Scientists toil for years before they make a major discovery. Students study for years before they are accepted by a top university. Self-made people work for a long time, even all their life before they make a fortune.(举出具体的人物) However, less well-known is the essential role that luck plays in achieving one’s goals. It is often luck that turns years of hard work into success; people discover and invent things with the help of luck, and so do they become famous and find jobs.
First, luck has helped a great number of people invent and discover things. Sir Alexander Fleming experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he discovered Penicillin. He went through laborious trial and error, but it was on account of luck that he looked at the mold on a piece of cheese and got the idea for penicillin there and then. Benjamin Franklin had been trying to prove his idea that lightning and electricity is the same thing, but it was only in flying a kite that he proved it and the concept of a lightning rod happened to strike him.
Also, luck helps people become famous. Let us consider young authors. Many work hard to learn to write. For example, they take writing classes. Besides, they work at menial jobs so as to survive and gain experience. Then one day a lucky writer may have a piece of writing published and attract public attention. Or the writer meets an editor at the right time and place. Years of continuous writing brings the writer to the door of success, but one lucky chance, like the shot in soccer, eventually helps him or her reap success.
Finally, luck has helped many people secure jobs. One may spend much time writing and sending resumes, reading recruiting ads, and going to job interviews. One may pound the pavement for a long time before getting a job. However, it is with luck a job hunter meets the person who will offer a position to him or her, or learns of a vacancy that is not advertised. Being at the right place at the right time often helps one land a job, and this has all to do with luck.
One can hardly succeed without hard work, but hard work without luck often leads to nothing. Luck has helped a great number of people find success. In fact, luck goes hand in hand with hard work.
托福写作范文：玩游戏的意义
2016年托福写作真题题目：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing games teaches us about life. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answers.
托福写作范文：
Some think that games teach us about life. Others think that life is simply a grand game that one must learn to play. In any case games are part of the lives of every human, whatever culture. Although the rules to games may be different, and the reasons for playing certain games diverse, it is indisputable that playing games teaches us about life.
First of all, playing games teaches us about teamwork. Most games demand more than one participant, and several require that one work in unison with one or more other people on a team. When one is member of a team, one learns to put the team first rather than personal success. For instance, I played right fullback on an intramural soccer team at Oxford University. Without the work of myself and teammates at the back, clearing balls and passing up to the wings, our speedy strikers could not score. Conversely, without the speed and scoring ability of our strikers, no matter how solid we played on defense, we could not win the game. Soccer, then, demands that the entire team work in unison, performing discreet tasks that further a team goal, rather than an individual one. Playing soccer helped me to learn about teamwork, and this knowledge has spilled over into my life in other ways. At my job, I constantly have to work with people. Working with people in my occupation is similar to playing soccer. Team goals become more important than personal ones, and learning to support each other during work time comes easily, as I had already learned these skills on the pitch.
Playing games also teaches us about preparation, which is vital both on the field and off of it. When I was twelve years old, I learned a valuable lesson about preparation from my basketball coach. After a particularly uninspired practice, my coach gathered us around. He said, “You play like you practice. And your sloppy practice will appear during the game.” He was right. At our next game, we fumbled our passes, became frustrated with each other, and lost the game. My teammates and I resolved to focus harder in practice, and steadily our play in games improved. My coach’s adage “you play like you practice” translates directly into life. Without specific preparation in work or at home, we rarely succeed. Preparation is paramount to success, and I learned this on the basketball court.
In summary, by teaching us about teamwork and preparation, games have direct relevance to life. For me, these lessons came on the sports field; for others they may come by participating in a variety of games, athletic or not. Games are a vital part of life, and they have many skills to impact that are applicable after the game is over.
★ 托福写作满分
★ 托福写作省时攻略
★ 托福写作进阶练习
托福写作段落衔接的方法（整理7篇）
