“奶思兔米柚”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了12篇托福改革后听力考试内容组成详解及题型分值介绍，下面小编给大家带来托福改革后听力考试内容组成详解及题型分值介绍，希望能帮助到大家!
- 目录
篇1：托福改革后听力考试内容组成详解及题型分值介绍
托福改革后听力考试内容组成详解及题型分值介绍
托福听力考试内容讲解
托福听力考试部分的考试时间通常为41-57分钟，听力考试的题型大致可分为对话和讲座两个类型。每段听力内容的时间大致都在4到6分钟左右。
对话部分，托福听力每场考试一般有2-3个对话，每段对话后设有5个问题。在对话中，第一个场景一般发生在学校办公室里。对话可能涉及学术内容或者与课程要求有关。第二、三个场景是关于学生的日常对话。对话一般发生在大学校园中，包括非学术性的内容。当然这个并非绝对，对话的具体内容也可能会出现一些变化。
除了对话外，另一种将做形式的托福听力题型则包含3到4个讲座(Lectures)，每个讲座后会有6个问题。讲座一般来源于讲师教授的课堂教学内容。讲座可能只是摘录教授的讲课内容，或者是学生的提问，或是老师向学生提问并且请一位学生回答。这个题型更偏向于学术性的内容。
当然，在这里需要提示大家一下，听录音的过程中，ETS允许大家记录笔记。所以，备考听力过程中，学会如何记录笔记，对于托福听力的提分是很有帮助的。
托福听力评分标准解读
在托福听力中所有回答正确的题目数量加起来就是你的“total points”。而托福听力的评分标准和出题形式大致可以总结为以下3点：
1.分值是1分的题目，所有的项目都要回答正确，这一题才算是拿到了全部分值。
2.分值是2分的题目，比如，四选三的题目，必须全部答对才能得到所有分值;选对2个，可得到1个分值。
3.托福听力以单选题为主，复选题和表格题为辅。
2020托福听力练习：人工养殖鳟鱼以满足食用需求
Half of all fish people eat worldwide now come from fish farms. So farms need to do more to keep up with demand.
“If we look to the future, at today's per capita fish intake around the world we would need to double aquaculture production.”
Ron Hardy is the University of Idaho's Director of Aquaculture Research. He presented his research at the recent International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding in Sun Valley, Idaho, which he also chaired.
In the wild, rainbow trout eat insects and other, smaller fish. But Hardy says there aren't enough little fish to feed larger fish in the wild and still meet market demand as the human population increases. So he's used selective breeding to create strains of farmed fish that get by on food that's less expensive than little fish—feed made from soybeans, corn and wheat.
Some of the farmed fish really thrive: 16 years ago, Hardy had to wait a year for a one-pound trout. These days, his efforts yield trout up to four times as large in the same amount of time.
“So, it would be kind of like if you were going to breed dogs. So we've got everything from Rottweilers to little Scotties or whatever.”
But the farmed fish are not completely vegetarian.
“Soybeans don't have skeletons, they don't have bones and the bones in fish meal are a major source of minerals for the fish, for example.”
And much like humans, fish diets require omega-3 fatty acids, not found in terrestrial plants. So Hardy has to add a little fish-oil back into the plant-based feed. For those of us without waders, this kind of aquaculture is our best shot at a fish fry.
现在全世界人们食用的鱼中，有一半来自养鱼场。所以，养鱼场要做更多来满足人们的需求。
“如果我们放眼未来，以目前世界人均鱼类摄入量来看，我们需要加倍水产养殖。”
罗恩·哈迪是爱达荷大学水产养殖研究所所长。他主持了近期在爱达荷州太阳谷举行的世界鱼类营养与饲料学术研讨会，并发表了他的研究成果。
在野生环境中，虹鳟鱼以昆虫和其它小型鱼类为食。但是哈迪表示，由于人类人口不断增长，野生环境中没有足够的小型鱼类既供大型鱼类食用，又满足市场需求。所以，他采用选择育种的方法培育出几种养殖鱼品种，这些品种依靠花费少于小型鱼类的食物生存，比如大豆、玉米和小麦等。
一些养殖鱼茁壮成长：以前，哈迪想得到一只一磅重的鳟鱼，必须要等一年的时间。而现在，他的努力使鳟鱼的产量在同样的时间内翻了四倍。
“所以，这就像培育狗一样。我们可以得到罗德维拉犬，也可以得到小型Scotties犬。”
但是养殖鱼并不是完全的素食鱼。
“大豆中不含骨骼，不含骨头，而骨头是鱼类饮食中矿物质的主要来源。”
与人类很像，鱼饲料也需要欧米伽-3脂肪酸，但它并不存在于陆生植物中。所以哈迪必须要在植物性饲料中加一些鱼油。对于我们这种没有钓鱼用连靴裤的人来说，这种水产养殖是我们能享用到炸鱼的最佳选择。
重点讲解：
1. keep up with 跟上(变化等);跟上(活儿、人等);
例句：Penny tended to work through her lunch hour in an effort to keep up with her work.
为了把活儿干完，彭妮常常午饭时间也要工作。
2. look to 展望，思考(将来发生的事);
例句：Looking to the future, though, we asked him what the prospects are for a vaccine to prevent infection in the first place.
不过，展望未来，我们问到他研制出防止感染的疫苗究竟有多大的可能性。
3. get by 勉强过活;勉强应付;
例句：He gets by on very little money.
他靠著很少的钱过日子。
2020托福听力练习：野生动物与猎人和徒步旅行者共存
Public lands in the U.S. are managed with two goals in mind: protecting biodiversity and providing people with recreational opportunities, a chance to connect with nature. But sometimes those two goals are at odds—especially if recreation, activities like hiking or hunting, disrupts wild animals enough to alter their use of those landscapes.
Indeed, several years ago, a study done in California found that hikers had a negative impact on wildlife.
“That kind of sounded a bit of an alarm to us as wildlife biologists and as people who like to go hiking ourselves.”
Wildlife biologist Roland Kays, of the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences and N.C. State University.
“We were pretty worried that if this problem was as bad as it seemed from that study, and was widespread, then there could be a real conflict between outdoor recreation and wildlife conservation.”
To find out, Kays and his team enlisted the help of more than 350 volunteer citizen scientists, who deployed camera traps at nearly 2,000 sites within 32 protected areas in six different states. Roughly half of the areas allowed hunting and half did not. What they discovered was something of a relief.
“We found relatively minor impacts of hunting and hiking on wildlife.”
It's not that human activities didn't impact wildlife at all of course. Heavily hunted species, like white-tailed deer, grey squirrels, and raccoons, were photographed somewhat less often in hunted areas. Coyotes showed up more often in hunted areas. While most species didn't avoid hiking trails, the predators actually preferred them.
But they did find something that had a much bigger impact on wildlife: habitat quality. The best predictor of wildlife abundance was not human activity, but factors like forest connectivity, nearby housing density, and the amount of adjacent agriculture. The results were published in the Journal of Applied Ecology.
And they suggest that outdoor recreation, a 646-billion-dollar industry in the U.S., is currently managed in a sustainable way, but also that protecting the scattered patches of wild habitat that remain in the U.S. is vital—both for wildlife and for people.
“Recreation, including hunting and hiking, and wildlife conservation, can coexist in the same place at the same time, and we can go out there and enjoy nature, enjoy the woods, hope to catch a glimpse of wildlife, without worrying about hurting the populations in the process.”
美国公共土地管理有两个目标：一是保护生物多样性，二是为人们提供娱乐休闲、接近大自然的机会。不过有时这两个目标并不一致，尤其是像徒步旅行或狩猎这样的休闲活动，如果对野生动物造成破坏，足以改变他们对这些景观的使用。
事实上，几年前，加利福尼亚进行的一项研究发现，徒步旅行者会对野生动物产生负面影响。
“作为野生生物学家，作为喜欢徒步旅行的人，这就像是为我们敲响了警钟。”
罗兰·凯斯是北卡罗来纳自然科学博物馆和北卡罗来纳州州立大学的野生生物学家。
“我们非常担心，如果这一问题像研究发现的那样严重、普遍，那户外休闲活动和野生动物保护之间可能会发生真正的冲突。”
为了找到答案，凯斯和他的团队招募了350余名公民科学家志愿者，让这些志愿者在6个州的32个保护区设置相机“陷阱”近2000处。在这些地点中，约有一半地区允许狩猎，另一半则不允许。他们的发现令人松了一口气。
“我们发现狩猎和徒步旅行对野生动物的影响相对较小。”
当然这并不是说人类活动对野生动物没有任何影响。像白尾鹿、灰松鼠和浣熊等大量被捕杀的物种，在狩猎地区极少被拍摄到。土狼在狩猎地区经常出现。大多数物种没有选择回避徒步旅行的小径，捕食者实际上更喜欢它们。
但是他们的确发现了会对野生动物产生更大影响的因素：栖息地的质量。野生动物丰富的最佳预测指标并不是人类活动，而是森林的连通性、附近房屋的密度以及相邻农田的数量。这一研究结果刊登在《应用生态学期刊》上。
他们认为，作为美国价值6千4600亿美元的产业，户外休闲活动现在应以可持续的方式进行管理，另外，无论是对野生动物还是对人类而言，保护美国零散的野生栖息地是至关重要的。
“狩猎和徒步旅行等休闲活动，可以与野生动物保护在同一时间同一个地方共存，我们可以走出去，享受自然，希望能在森林里看到野生动物，而不用担心在这一过程中对它们造成伤害。”
美国公共土地管理有两个目标：一是保护生物多样性，二是为人们提供娱乐休闲、接近大自然的机会。不过有时这两个目标并不一致，尤其是像徒步旅行或狩猎这样的休闲活动，如果对野生动物造成破坏，足以改变他们对这些景观的使用。
事实上，几年前，加利福尼亚进行的一项研究发现，徒步旅行者会对野生动物产生负面影响。
“作为野生生物学家，作为喜欢徒步旅行的人，这就像是为我们敲响了警钟。”
罗兰·凯斯是北卡罗来纳自然科学博物馆和北卡罗来纳州州立大学的野生生物学家。
“我们非常担心，如果这一问题像研究发现的那样严重、普遍，那户外休闲活动和野生动物保护之间可能会发生真正的冲突。”
为了找到答案，凯斯和他的团队招募了350余名公民科学家志愿者，让这些志愿者在6个州的32个保护区设置相机“陷阱”近2000处。在这些地点中，约有一半地区允许狩猎，另一半则不允许。他们的发现令人松了一口气。
“我们发现狩猎和徒步旅行对野生动物的影响相对较小。”
当然这并不是说人类活动对野生动物没有任何影响。像白尾鹿、灰松鼠和浣熊等大量被捕杀的物种，在狩猎地区极少被拍摄到。土狼在狩猎地区经常出现。大多数物种没有选择回避徒步旅行的小径，捕食者实际上更喜欢它们。
但是他们的确发现了会对野生动物产生更大影响的因素：栖息地的质量。野生动物丰富的最佳预测指标并不是人类活动，而是森林的连通性、附近房屋的密度以及相邻农田的数量。这一研究结果刊登在《应用生态学期刊》上。
他们认为，作为美国价值6千4600亿美元的产业，户外休闲活动现在应以可持续的方式进行管理，另外，无论是对野生动物还是对人类而言，保护美国零散的野生栖息地是至关重要的。
“狩猎和徒步旅行等休闲活动，可以与野生动物保护在同一时间同一个地方共存，我们可以走出去，享受自然，希望能在森林里看到野生动物，而不用担心在这一过程中对它们造成伤害。”
篇2：托福听力考试内容题型和评分标准
托福听力考试内容题型和评分标准解读
托福听力到底考什么?
托福听力考试部分的考试时间通常为60-90分钟，听力考试的题型大致可分为对话和讲座两个类型。每段听力内容的时间大致都在4到6分钟左右。
对话部分，托福听力每场考试一般有2到3个对话，每段对话后设有5个问题。在对话中，第一个场景一般发生在学校办公室里。对话可能涉及学术内容或者与课程要求有关。第二、三个场景是关于学生的日常对话。对话一般发生在大学校园中，包括非学术性的内容。当然这个并非绝对，对话的具体内容也可能会出现一些变化。
除了对话外，另一种将做形式的托福听力题型则包含4到6个讲座(Lectures)，每个讲座后会有6个问题。讲座一般来源于讲师教授的课堂教学内容。讲座可能只是摘录教授的讲课内容，或者是学生的提问，或是老师向学生提问并且请一位学生回答。这个题型更偏向于学术性的内容。
当然，在这里需要提示大家一下，听录音的过程中，ETS允许大家记录笔记。所以，备考听力过程中，学会如何记录笔记，对于托福听力的提分是很有帮助的。
托福听力评分具体标准分析
在托福听力中一共是6篇文章，34道题，也就是说6篇文章中所有回答正确的题目数量加起来就是你的“total points”。而托福听力的评分标准和出题形式大致可以总结为以下3点：
1.分值是1分的题目，所有的项目都要回答正确，这一题才算是拿到了全部分值。
2.分值是2分的题目，比如，四选三的题目，必须全部答对才能得到所有分值;选对2个，可得到1个分值。
3.托福听力以单选题为主，复选题和表格题为辅。
托福听力：提高速度的5种方法
第一步：盲听。托福听力不看材料听，了解大概讲的内容就行。同时还把听力的Gist题给练了。
第二步：再听。这一遍要照着材料听。新托福听力精听每一个发音和那种洋腔洋调。尤其要注意刚才在遍的时候你没有听清楚的部分，是生词的缘故，还是发音的缘故。 如果是生词，你不用着急，查一下字典，把音标标注一下就好，用金山词霸，那里有发音，尽管个别会有不准的(这个你可以根据音标自己判定)，但绝大多数都是准的，而且也还是美式发音。一定要读几遍，声音熟悉就很容易记住单词了。如果是发音的缘故，诊断一下是连音，省音，还是弱读，缩读，同化等现象。这一步你可以多听几遍新托福听力，熟悉句子的连续声音输入的过程。你可以整段泛听，也可以单句精听。根据你当时的感受来。
第三步：听后跟读。前两步听熟了，做了很好的铺垫以后，这一步才开始跟读。起初，建议单句跟读，模仿发音。增加托福听力训练，在听下一句的时候要复习前一句里出现的音素，同一音素在不同单词中的发音给你的感觉是不同的，认真体会。这就是外语的差异。同时还要学习新出现的音素，总之无数的材料都是由那48个音素堆积而成的声音集合。 另外，在读的过程中，标注一下重音(具体到每个音节的词重音)，语调 (升调，降调和降升调，就是拐弯的调子) 和停顿(不只是标点符号后的停顿，主要是句子内部的意群停顿)。如果你觉得这个复杂，那么就听N遍之后跟着感觉走吧。
第四步：只读不听。在第三步足够熟练以后，这一步要做的就是根据刚才耳朵被冲击的感觉去读，读熟为止。体会在第三步中你标注的东西，在这一步里要实践出来。
第五步：边听边读。就是达到听说同步。起初可以看材料，然后慢慢脱离材料。以至于到后来，你会上瘾，听到别人讲英语，你的嘴巴都会不由自主的跟着动起来。
如何快速听出托福听力的结构
PART C部分，也叫TAKL部分。通常是老师讲课(上课或者其他内容)，学生做报告等。而决定了内容上是文科专业或者理科专业体裁居多，而学生生活方面的偏少，或者可以说基本没有。而大家知道，美国人是很讲逻辑性的，不管是说话，还是写文章。而ETS在出题上更继承了这一特点。它们都有很强的结构性。阅读是这样，而听力同样如此。
对于听力文章(文理科专业段子)的结构，大家也许比较熟悉了。不过是：一般分3段，段点题，也就是提出问题;第二段讨论，也就是展开问题的各分点。第三段结轮，也就是经过讨论后下结论。、三部分都比较好说，一头一尾嘛，容易把握。而主要的主要针对的是文章的讨论部分，它会分几点来叙述将要说明的事情，而这几点又是由某些顺序来组织的：
我们认为通常有3类：
1. 时间顺序。在叙说一个事物史的发展的时候，通常是采取时间渐进的方式来叙述。先怎么样，再怎么样，后怎么样。
2. 空间顺序。在介绍一个事物的时候，也会采用空间移动的顺序。里面怎么样，外面怎么样，前面怎么样，后面怎么样，上面怎么样，下面怎么样。
3. 好坏顺序。在介绍新产品的时候，往往会先说它的几个优点，然后再说它缺点。在介绍某种现象的时候，也会先说它带来的好处，再说它的坏处。
注意：对于分类，也许还不太完善。也许不太合理，也许还有其他的遗漏。而且有的时候，文章通常会是两种顺序交叉或者交替进行。其实不管怎么样分，听的过程中主要是听清分点和结构，提供的这些顺序，只是帮助大家记忆的。
我们在听文章的时候就得抓住如上重点，听完后得知道文章说了哪几点，是采取什么顺序来组织的。
当听出文章的结构来后，我们自然能把握好文章的主题，这样TOPIC题和尾巴题就不在话下了，而对于做细节题，也同样非常有帮助的。因为大家知道，TOEFL是顺序出题的，了解了结构，对于第几题对应那个段，自然是非常清楚。
托福
篇3：托福考试内容和题型详细介绍
托福阅读
新托福阅读部分内容变得更加学术化，其涵盖的题材也更加广泛，包括了历史、科学、教育、商业、社科、艺术文学、工程技术、体育文娱8个方面。此外，阅读部分还出现两种新题型：“插入句子题”和“拖动选择的多选题”。
点击查看/获取《最新托福考试真题及机经预测资料
托福考试
托福写作
独立写作一般为观点选择形式，要求考生在30分钟内就某一话题阐述自己的观点，字数要求为300字以上。
另一篇则要求考生首先阅读一篇文章，五分钟以后，文章隐去，播放一段与文章有关的课堂演讲。课堂演讲列举了一些论据反驳文章中的论点、论据。随后要求考生在20分钟内写一篇作文，总结课堂演讲的论点、论据，并陈述这些论点、论据是如何反驳文章的论点、论据的，字数要求为150字到225字之间，
资料
在写作时，文章会重新显示在屏幕上。这篇作文不要求考生阐述自己的观点。
托福听力
新托福原来的短对话被取消，听力内容更加学术化，演讲篇幅大大加长。此外，听力部分出现了5种新题型：“选择两个正确答案的题目”、“听部分文章摘要后完成的细节题”、“根据文章内容点击图片相应位置的题目”、“通过拖动来选择答案的多选题”、“点击表格的题目”。托福听力中也分生活和学术两类场景。但是，托福考试中绝大部分都是学术类。关于生活类的主要涉及食宿。学术类的有关于作业、论文等，在对话中出现。讲座中会出现四类话题：艺术，生命科学，自然科学，社会科学。
托福口语
新托福口语部分采用人机对话，模拟正式的上课讲演来考查学生。考试共有6道题目，一三五针对的是校园生活，二四六是相对学术性的题材。
篇4：托福听力六大题型详解
托福听力六大题型详解
(一)六种题型易考点极其技巧点睛：
所谓最大的技巧就是“反命题”，知己知彼，才能百战不殆。想要在听力部分取得高分，不仅是在刚开始接触IBT听力时，乃至当临考的冲刺阶段在做官方样题时，也一定要将ETS的出题思路和考核要点贯彻始终。
1、主旨题
一个段子的主旨往往出现在文章引言和开头处，而重复的最多往往一定是主旨!在听课堂演讲等学术性题目时，一定要首先把握文章最核心的主旨，主旨考题选项中过于细节的往往是错误选项;
2、功能/目的题
该题型类似于主旨题，对于任何一个长段子，首先务必要把握的是文章的主旨和结构，只有主旨确定了，才有可能去理解细节，做推断。
3、细节题
主旨题和细节题主要是考察考生对于基本信息的理解能力(basic comprehension)，除此之外ETS所要考察考生的另外两种能力分别是对于语用信息的理解(pragmatic understanding)和整合信息、对全文结构把握的能力(connecting information)。而基本信息的理解就占到50%的比重，可见主旨题和细节题的重要性。
对于细节题，大家不要走入误区，觉得所有的细节100%会考到，所以去关注每一个小的细节点，以至于舍本逐末，只见树木，不见森林。对于细节题，大家要把握两个原则：第一、ETS只会考察我们和主旨有关的重要细节。过于偏细节的实在没有听到，大可不必惋惜，影响后面的发挥;第二，牢牢把握住往往和考点向联系的重要信号词。比如说表示因果的accordingly, thus等词对应于细节题中常考察的因果题。而常见的和信号词相关的考点有逻辑时间顺序、举例、列举、相似或者对比、转折、强调、因果、总结、定义、建议、数字等。
4、态度/ 推断
对话中的态度题要注意通过语气、语调、重读来推测;而由于演讲中的内容相对学术和客观，所以演讲中的态度题要注意通过形容词和副词的褒贬色彩来确定说话者的主观意图。
推断题把握一条原则：正确选项往往不是文章中的直接表述，可能通过同意互换的方式来设置陷阱，迷惑考生。
5、组织结构题 / 分类信息题
6、内容连接题 / 排序题
最后的五六两种题型都是考察考生对于全文结构的一个综合把握，是对考生能力的最高要求，但是它同样也是基于对文章主旨把握的基础之上的。要做好这两种题型，大家在最后一周一定要强化熟练自己记笔记的能力。
笔记不是越全越好，因为没有那么多时间，而且也容易遗漏新的信息;当然也不要走极端不记笔记，因为4~6分钟的课堂演讲绝对超过了人脑的瞬时记忆负荷。关于笔记大家把握三个原则：一、在确定主旨的前提下关注信号词后面的重点词(前面细节题已做介绍);二、但凡分类信息题笔记中注意记录按什么分类，以及每一类的特征;三、排序题的笔记注意表明步骤和逻辑顺序信号词后的内容。对于“笔记”是新托福考试听力的重中之重，大家在最后几天一定要多加操练，熟能生巧。
(二)最后冲刺复习方法和时间安排：
对于长对话部分，大家注意复习和校园生活有关的场景，尤其要注意比较学术的场景，比如论文场景、图书馆场景(moratorium-罚金暂缓)等。熟悉场景的常考词汇和常考思路;对于课堂演讲部分，方法和题型前面已经介绍很多了，应该作为最后冲刺的重点。
迅速提高托福听力的9个建议
如何迅速提高托福听力?今天要为同学们带来的是托福听力迅速提高的好方法，下面和小编一起来看看吧：
1. 坚决以真题为材料，不要把战线拉得过长没有完全了解和熟悉真题前，不要去听friends，voa，空中美语，等，特别是不要听疯狂英语。也许我得能力不够，依照我看疯狂英语要是你能听懂2/3，那么你听力已经不是一般水平了，何况疯狂英语里词汇杂乱，习语众多，试问你手头是否有一本习语字典?如果没有，说明你连这个概念都没有，又如何要求自己去听懂呢，类似字典我buy过，便宜，小小的，基本有三万个，如果你打算成为英语学家，你可以去看(起码看三次以上)，所以你能够熟悉所有真题，耳熟能详，就已经算是功力高深了，千万不要好高骛远。
2.托福听力,听完4次足够，再听不懂就看文字全部听完真题，你可以试着背里面一些句子，有些人主张听不出就死听，直到听懂，我不是很理解，其实很多听不懂是由于1，连读2。词汇不认识3。习语不懂。试问听力也是一个积累口语词汇的过程，如果你听多次不懂，也不肯翻文字出来背，那么这些就是不懂的东西，甚至你查字典才能明白的东西，又如何指望自己在一遍遍听中搞懂呢?其实你认真背一下，再结合磁带读几次，这个东西就是你自己的，何必反复听，听到最后还是不懂，费时费力。
3.托福听力提高多背点单词，特别是名词我建议大家把红宝书上的所有名词背一下，不多但是很管用，我听了几次，有提到维生素，钙质，羊皮纸，胶水，这些词汇都是长对话里的重要特征，其实听懂这些往往对你猜测答案有意想不到的效果，其实长对话一般不会说和我们常识相反的事物，你能够听明白在说个什么东西，即使后来很多不懂，连蒙带猜也可以做对3-4个。
4.托福 听力一定要扫描简短答案对于四个选项都很简短的长对话答案，要先扫描，这些答案往往是时间，比值，问题顺序和文章顺序基本一致，如果出在第二题，则答案基本在对话开头，你就眼睛盯住选项，听到哪个选哪个，尽管放心保真不会错，否则一旦你漏听，神仙也救不了你，因为答案短，则对话提及的时间也短，你一个不注意就错过，而且当你沾沾自喜，觉得我的确把握了全文基本在说什么，谁知道问题问的根本就是一些细节，比如时间，地点，悔之晚矣。
5.托福 听力听对话必须要同时做题可能一些t友以为只要能听懂，或者傻傻的听脑子什么也不想，长久肯定出成果，我想问你打算准备几年?理由有三，1。容易造成听后不反应文章意思的恶习，的确大部分你能够听懂，基本都可以做对题，那么你是否想过有些你似乎理解意思，其实根本是错误的，只有做过题目对过答案才能够纠正，就算不存在以上问题，虽然听力选项答案简单，但是个体浏览和理解速度有差异，长期只听不作题必定导致你扫描答案速度降低。2.听力答案偶有陷阱，D比A好，可是一上来就选A，所以这种细心和灵感是需要平时养成的。3.在你万一听不懂的情况下，你看着选项必须猜题，这个猜其实包含了你使用一些听到的词汇来推测答案，这也是能力，试问你平时不猜，考试的时候怎么会猜对?
6.重听和背，无须朗读邱政政说，人听自己说话的速度比听别人说话快，所以要求大家跟读，我觉得除了一些连读需要跟读几次，一些词汇习语背一下以外，听一次的效果远比读一次好，首先，这是听力不是朗诵会，第二很多新东方老师包括出国过的王海波(不过他的语法的确讲的很好)很多单词读音不标准，还有红宝书上deluge这个词配套mp3读音不标准，我也是听discovery偶尔发现，但是我依然听动。我这样说是为表明听一次效率比读一次好，比较实战，而且你想学的和外国人一样很难，大山中文再好，我一听也知道是外国人说中文，但是大山本身听中文并没有障碍。
7.多点激情，不要没有目的的傻听我主张精听，少泛听，特别是傻坐着，以为带着耳机听到耳朵疼就出效果了，你如果没有激情，不去想想对话的场景，我在什么时候可以使用，那么还不如去做语法和阅读，毕竟时间有限，你指望24小时融入一个全英文的环境，消磨母语影响，那是不可能的，因为你出在的不是一个视觉的英语环境，我认为视觉英语环境很重要，比方一篇讲浮游生物的对话，你能指望着听1000次就明白是讲什么么?如果有人拿着瓶子和显微镜给你看，恐怕他说一次你就可以知道是什么意思，视觉对于语言是很重要的。所以你不要希望听磁带和MP3次数多了就可以达到融会贯通的境界-不可能。
8.请研究真题的文字和选项规律不研究文字和选项答案的关系，你不会觉悟到原来仅仅听明白几个单词也可以和ets耍流氓，你看一下，什么类型的题目，它的答案和文字中哪个单词有密切关系，长对话答案一般出在哪里，那些地方需要注意，其实和阅读一样，有时候大家被一种思想牵制：觉得其实文字给我看基本是能看懂的，所以听不出是我能力不够。我想说能看懂和能听懂差别很大，所以看动听不懂不是你的错，有时候t的阅读上你要使用技巧，为什么再长对话里面就不使用呢?再建议你各种类型长对话背一篇，有时候听力也是考你一个信息容量的问题，要是每种类型都背过一篇，以后再遇到等于是一些替换，大意你是很清楚了，注意：背 篇章需要同时记住接下来的提问，这样你不但把握文章概观而且有能知道会问什么问题，在什么段问问题的灵感。
9.建议DVD的discovery，走遍美国，新概念3，和friends如果真题目你都吃透了，熟悉的不能再熟悉了，建议以上资料，理由：DVD的discovery有字幕，而且属于科普，走遍美国口语性强，可以适当背背，新三也是比较接近长对话，friends视觉影响强，总之请选择有视频的英语联系资料，人类对于语言和观念上有差别，只要不是瞎子和色盲，对于视觉的反应是一样的，所以请站在人类共同的基础上学习不同的语言，效果会好点。
托福听力：高频题型答题方法
1、优缺点必考
此类题目一般集中于典型的高科技、生物化学类听力当中。比如笔者2月14日参加过的考试中，有一篇听力考到了科学家利用细菌来去除海洋污染物的文章，文章中清晰地给出了此方法的优点和缺点，缺点的题目是一个多选题，基本就是原文中的比较耗费时间和速度比较慢等。所以，对于此类文章，一定要明白其相关的结构，这样才可以在考试中游刃有余。
2、原因、结果类必考
任何类型的lecture 题目当中都有可能会考到此类问题，一般来讲，表示原因的听力内容特别值得我们关注，但是由于我们日常接触的原因类的词汇只有一个，所以会误以为只有 because 是必考的，但是事实上，表示原因的还有since, as, for, the reason is that 等表达方式，这就需要我们的日常积累等。
3、专业名词必考
在托福听力中，我们经常会听到类似的说如“this is what we call + 专有名词”，或者“this is +现象”。 一般来讲，此类专有名词是我们所不熟悉的，但是会用一种比较简单的方式表达出来，或者更难的考法是用另一个专有名词来解释一个专有名词，那么考点非常明显了，就是考察what is the definition for+ 专业名词。不管考试题目如何千变万化，考试的要点是不变的。具体的试题题目可参阅下TPO 的第四套题目的关于动物行为的那一篇文章。
4、小于五的数字必考
此类题目一般会出现我们所谓的多选题，一般会考到具体的作用、表现形式、逻辑关系等，具体的题目在巴朗中多为常见，比如考到具体的绘画的三种作用，四种排水系统等，或者是修正主义对于早期农业的消极影响的三个方面表达等。需要各考生注意的是，专业名词在此类听力中可以适当使用缩略语以减少听力笔记时间。
5、例子必考
此类听力题目中经常会使用具体的简单的例子来解释某一专业说法，比如会使用我们放在冰箱里的食物会变坏这个例子来说明细菌的作用，也会使用自行车的轮子来说明某种排水系统，也会使用某一历史事件来说明绘画的具体作用。所以，当听力中出现for example, for instance, let’s say, let’s put it this way, just like, just as, as we all know 等说法时，我们一定要保持足够的警觉。
托福听力：记笔记有妙招
一、新托福听力的六大特点
1. 听力材料长度增加，每类文章的长度都在600字以上
2. 总题目数量减少，老托福听力题目为50道，新托福为34道
3. 听力题型简化为两大类：长对话(2个)，课堂讲座(4个)
4. 出现三种新的考试题目类型：表格题、重复题、多选题
5. 听完之后才可以看题目
6. 考生可以做笔记
通过对新托福听力特点的分析，我们不难看出记笔记是听力高分突破的关键。
二、IBT听力做笔记技巧
1. 确定记录内核心话题
IBT听力正式开始之前会有一个简短的内容介绍，之后屏幕上会出现一些和听力内容相关的，这些可以帮助我们确定下面所要听部分的核心话题。例如， listen to a conversation between a professor and student in a professor and student. 从这个介绍我们可以知道下面对话内容的场景：biology class，结下来会出现一个图片，里面文字为：Friends of the Earth, Biology class.后面还会出现一个对话内容的图片。通过这些文字和图片，我们可以推断这个对话的主题为与人类地球有关的一个结构，这样机构主要会负责环保事宜。确定主题可以让考生悬着的新慢慢落地。后面的长对话给出的文字和图片提示与对话类似。
2. 记录细节
确定核心话题之后，我们需要做的就是记录与其相关的细节，主要的细节为what , when, where , who , why和 how等。注意记录对话和演讲中信息引导词和信息引导句后面的信息，例如， First ..., let’s look at the ..., Now, Let’s move on to ..., in the nest part of lecture ,I ‘d like to talk about ....
3. 具体的记录方法
1)主要记录实词：名词，动词，形容词。这次词语所包含的信息量大，也是重读和重复的核心词汇。
2)采用简写、符号和缩写的速记法方法记录，例如：Q.=question，ltd.=limited, +=and/plus , ?=question ，/=or。此外，还可以用一些其它只有自己熟悉的速记符号来记录重要信息。
总之，IBT听力分数的提高需要广大考生持续的努力和不断总结!学会做笔记， IBT听力满分不是梦。
篇5：托福听力2大难点易错题型详解
task：How do movies or television influence people’s behavior? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.
托福备考之独立写作满分范文：
The Influence of Television and Movies
There is no doubt that watching television and movies can influence the way that people behave. Moreover, it seems that people are spending more and more time watching some sort of visual entertainment, whether it is television, a video tape or a DVD. Therefore, the effects of visual media cannot be ignored.
One obvious effect of these media is that watching them induces people to buy certain products. Television advertising is widespread and, nowadays, even movie theaters permit advertisements. Another way TV and the movies affect people is that they give people either a broader view of the world or a distorted one, depending on what type of program they watch. Those who watch news and educational program can learn many new things while those who watch primarily entertainment shows may come to believe that most people in the world possess great wealth and good looks. It may make them become dissatisfied with their own lives. Finally, perhaps the most susceptible viewers are children, who may be unable to tell fact from fiction and may try to imitate acts that they see on TV or in the movies.
With the ever-increasing popularity of video entertainment, society must pay attention to these effects. Television and movies, while entertaining and informative, cannot take the place of real experience.
篇6：托福听力2大难点易错题型详解
task：It has been said, “Not everything that is learned is contained in books.” Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?
托福备考之独立写作满分范文：
Book Knowledge vs Experience
Knowledge can be acquired from many sources. These include books, teachers and practical experience, and each has its own advantages. The knowledge we gain from books and formal education enables us to learn about things that we have no opportunity to experience in daily life. We can study all the places in the world and learn from people we will never meet in our lifetime, just by reading about them in books. We can also develop our analytical skills and learn how to view and interpret the world around us in different ways. Furthermore, we can learn from the past by reading books. In this way, we won’t repeat the mistakes of others and can build on their achievements.
Practical experience, on the other hand, can give us more useful knowledge. It is said that one learns best by doing, and I believe that this is true, whether one is successful or not. In fact, I think making mistakes is the best way to learn. Moreover, if one wants to make new advances, it is necessary to act. Innovations do not come about through reading but through experimentation. Finally, one can apply the skills and insights gained through the study of books to practical experience, making an already meaningful experience more meaningful. However, unless it is applied to real experiences, book knowledge remains theoretical and, in the end, is useless. That is why I believe that knowledge gained from practical experience is more important than that acquired from books.
篇7：托福听力2大难点易错题型详解
task：Is it better to enjoy your money when you earn it or is it better to save your money for some time in the future? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
托福备考之独立写作满分范文：
The Advantages of Saving Money
Everyone must work to live, but many people are fortunate enough to make more money than they immediately need. What should they do with this extra income? While it is tempting for people to spend it all on things they desire, I believe it is better to save at least a portion of the extra income for the future.
By saving money, people give themselves more security. They cannot predict the future; perhaps one day they will be jobless. At a time like this their savings can spare them a great deal of suffering and help to see them through the hard time. In addition, saving money allows people to build up a larger sum. They can then buy something more worthwhile than the small things they can but if they spend the money right away. For example, they may be able to buy a house with their savings. Finally, the practice of saving helps people develop the habit of setting goals and planning for their future. In this way they are bound to lead more meaningful and successful lives.
Most people would like to enjoy their money immediately. Nobody likes to wait for the things that he wants. However, if we learn to save our money, we can gain more advantages in the future. We will lead more secure and, thus, happier lives. We will also be able to buy the things we truly want but cannot afford right now.
篇8：托福听力2大重听题型细节介绍
研究分析发现，目的题有两种：一种是与主旨相关的，例如what is the purpose of the talk?这种形式已经在主旨题中有所列举;另外，有些目的题只与部分对话或讲座的内容相关此，类题目主要考察考生对语言交流的实际掌握能力，听出讲话者所呈现的目的。
部分目的题特点：
这类目的题的问题通常问的是某个短语或句子的作用
有些题目需要考生再听一次部分对话或讲座的内容
说话人通常不会直接说出自己的目的，而是用间接的表达
典型提问模式：
Why does the student say this?
Why does the student say ?
Why does the student mention ?
Why does the professor talk about?
Why does the instructor ask the class about ?
篇9：托福听力2大重听题型细节介绍
考生需要判断出说话人对讨论过的人或事的看法或感觉，主要考察考生对语言交流的实际掌握能力，听出讲话者所呈现的态度。
态度题特点：
有些题目需要考生再听一次部分对话或讲座的内容
正确答案往往不是文中的直接表述
说话人的态度通常是影响深刻、高兴、感兴趣、惊讶、焦虑等
典型提问模式：
Select the sentence that best expresses how the student probably feels?
What is the student’s attitude toward ?
What is the speaker’s opinion of ?
What does the professor think of ?
What is the professor’s point of view concerning ?
托福听力每日一练lecture原文
演讲听写训练1
At the beginning of the century the railroads were used to haul everything. Powerful railroad barons made fortunes without having to be accountable to the public or considerable to the customers. But cars and trucks changed all of that. And by 1970, the rail industry was beset with problems. Trucks were taking all the new business. And even so the rail industry remained indifferent to customers. Also many regulations kept the rail industry from adjusting to shifting market. But in 1980, the rail industry entered the modern era when a deregulation bill was passed that allowed railroad companies to make quick adjustments to fees and practices. Companies reduced their lines by 1/3 and used fewer employees. They also took steps to minimize damage to product. And to increase their shipping capacity by stacking freight containers on railroad cars. To accommodate these taller loads, underpasses and tunnels were enlarged. The image of the rail industry has changed dramatically. Today companies are very responsive to customers and are gaining increasing market shares in the shipping industry. The railroad safety record is also strong. Freight trains have an accident rate that is only 1/3 that of the trucking industry. Trains also come out ahead of the trucks on environmental grounds because they give off only 1/10 to 1/3 the pollution that is emitted by trucks. And railroading does not wear out highways as trucks do.
演讲听写训练 2
This coffee can contains soil from my garden. And I prepared slide samples to show you that it is alive. This ordinary backyard dirt is crawling with microbes. Microbes is not a very specific term. There are hundreds of thousands of different species called microbes. What they have in common is that we can't see them with a naked eye. They are microscopic. Look at this slide. You should see some round cells. Those are yeasts . Yeasts are fermenters. And they are necessary for making bread, beer, yogurt and so forth. Now look for an irregular shape with hairs coming out of it. That's a mold. Molds are decomposers, and they are responsible for the decomposition mycoplastlees. You should also see some protozoa. Some protozoa, like the one causes malaria are harmful to people. A microbic that causes disease is called a pathogen. Finally you should see a lot of squiggly lines. They are bacteria. The oldest form of life on earth. Like these other microbes, bacteria are single-cells. But they are even simpler structurally because their cells do not have nuclear. So I've got about a teaspoon of soil in my hand here. In that teaspoon are about ten thousand protozoa, 200 thousand mold cells, a million yeasts, and probably a billion bacteria.
演讲听写训练 3
Ten years ago the eccentric cyclist peddling furiously through the first snowstorm of the year was a rare sight often captured on film for the evening news? Today however it is estimated that four to five percent of cyclists bicycle year round. The increased popularity of winter cycling can be attributed to the creation of mountain bike and its subsequent imitations. Outfitted with parts more sturdy than those of yesterday, equipped with their more stable bicycles, nothing seems to stop the new breed of winter cyclist. With streets dry and clear on most winter days, many winter cyclists wear running shoes and protect themselves from cold by wearing down-hill-skiing clothes. On wet days cyclists can wear special water-proof boots over their shoes. But for all of its popularity, there is a down side to winter cycling. Even mountain bikes can't withstand winter snow and rain without extensive upkeep. But one bicycle store owner is in the final stages of developing a year-round bicycle with an innovated complete chain cover. With bicycle chains covered, cyclists would need to clean and oil their chains only once every six months instead of once a week. Despite her invention, however, she still advises cyclists to take a taxi or bus when it snowing heavily. Not because the conditions are too arduous for bicycles but because she believes bikers can't have confidence in the people who drive cars on days of reduced visibility.
托福听力每日一练lecture原文
演讲听写训练1
In the early 1800s, the paper industry was still using rags as its basic source of fiber as it had for many centuries. However the rag supply couldn't keep up with the growing demand for paper. The United States alone was using 250 thousand tons of rags each year. And a quarter of that had to be imported. It was clear that a new source of fiber was needed to keep up with the demand for paper. The answer to this problem turned out to be paper made from wood pulp, something that was abundantly available in north America. In Canada, the first wood pulp mill was set up in 1866 and it was immediately successful. But while wood pulp solved the problem of quantity it created a problem of quality. Wood contains a substance called lignin. The simplest way to make large quantities of cheap paper involves leaving the lignin in the wood pulp. But lignin is acidic and its presence in paper has shorten the life expectancy of paper from several centuries for rag paper to less than a century for paper made from wood pulp. This means that books printed less than a hundred years ago are already turning yellow and beginning to disintegrate, even though books printed much earlier maybe in fine condition. This is bad enough for the older books on your bookshelf but it poses a huge problem for libraries and the collections of government documents.
演讲听写训练 2
A recent report has shown that here in the United States, we've experienced an evolution concerning our attitudes towards the workweek and the weekend. Although some calendars still mark the beginning of a week as Sunday, more and more of us are coming to regard Monday as the first day of the week with Saturday and Sunday comprising the two-day period thought as the week-end. In fact the word “weekend” didn't even exist in English until about the middle of last century. In England at that time, Saturday afternoons had just been added to Sundays and holidays as a time for workers to have off from their jobs. This innovation became common in the United States in the 1920s, but as the workweek shortened during the Great Depression of the 1930s, the weekend expanded to two full days--Saturday and Sunday. Some people thought that this trend would continue due to increasing automation and the workweek might decrease to four days or even fewer. But so far this hasn't happened. The workweek seems to have stabilized as forty hours made up of five eight-hour days. After this commercial I'll be back to talk about the idea of adding Monday to the weekend.
演讲听写训练 3
I don't think I have told you about my trip to Tanglewood's music festival. When I was in college, I won a music competition and the prize was a week at Tanglewood. Anyway it is one of the world's most famous music festivals and the summer home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. It is located in the beautiful Berkshire Hills in New England. The summer musical season consists of about fifty concerts given over about nine weeks: from July 1st through the first week in September. The biggest stars on the music scene appear here. The year I went I was lucky enough to see Leonard Bernstein conducting. I understand it is sometimes hard to get tickets but of course mine were a part of the prize. If you want to sit inside the tickets are expensive. It's much cheaper to sit outside on the lawn. But it
might rain, or some nights are really cool even in the summer. Either way the sound system is excellent. So it doesn't really matter where you sit. I seem to recall that the festival got started in the 1930s. Some Berkshire residents invited a symphony orchestra to perform a few outdoor concerts. The concerts were so successful that after a couple of years somebody donated a family estate as a permanent home. After that things really took off. And the festival has gotten bigger and better every year. Attending was such a wonderful experience. I'd love to be able to go again. And I hope that all of you would be able to go too.
篇10：详解托福听力3种主要题型出题思路和应对方法
详解托福听力3种主要题型出题思路和应对方法 主旨题细节题要这么做
托福听力基础理解题题型分类介绍
托福听力题中属于基础理解类的题型有三类，分别是内容主旨题，目的主旨题和细节题。之所以说这三种题型属于基础理解题，是因为这些题型本身并不要求考生做太过的思考，只需要结合自己听到的内容就能直接反馈出答案。如果按照阅读题的说法，那就是这些题目都可以直接在文章中找到对应的答案。因此，这三类题目从解题难度上来说其实是比较低的，考生只要在做听力时没有出现遗漏，记住了各类主要关键信息，就能较为顺利地做好这类题目。
托福听力内容主旨题题型思路讲解
内容主旨题(gist-content)问的是考生对于听力素材主旨的理解，也就是对某个对话或是讲座的主题大意的认知。这类题目的提问形式一般有：
What problem does the man have?
What are the speakers mainly discussing?
What is the main topic of the lecture?
What is the lecture mainly about?
What aspect of X does the professor mainly discuss?
而想要做好内容主旨题，其实思路也是非常简单的。那就是重点听好听力素材开头和结尾部分，因为按照老外的一贯思路，这些地方都会是主旨题内容集中阐述的位置，考生只要认真听好这两个部分，那么做对内容主旨题就是十拿九稳的了。另外，大家也需要注意内容主旨题中可能出现的一类干扰选项，就是讲到一些特别细节内容的选项，这类选项看似本身没什么问题，但其实偏向细节而非主旨，所以必然是错误的，大家可以注意一下。
托福听力目的主旨题题型思路讲解
目的主旨题(gist-purpose)考察大家对于听力素材中某人提到特定话题或是做出某些行动的目的的理解，这个题型难度要稍高于内容主旨题，但其实也高得有限，同样可以通过加强听力精度和做笔记详细程度来应对，这类题目的提问形式主要有：
Why does the student visit the professor?
Why does the student visit the registrar's office?
Why did the professor ask to see the student?
Why does the professor explain X?
关于目的主旨题，考生需要注意两点。第一点是如果是有关对话的目的，那么这个目的和之后对话讨论的内容可能并没有直接联系。比如学生去找教授是要问考试成绩的事情，而教授解答后可能会顺便问一下学生的功课问题，之后一大段内容都是有关具体功课的讨论。而问题则是一开始学生找教授的目的是什么。这里许多同学容易混淆，所以需要搞清楚。第二点是在许多学生和工作人员的对话材料中，一般都是以学生需要得到某种帮助而展开的，比如咨询问题申请服务等等，大家也需要把这个对话中学生最初的目的给记录下来，之后很有可能目的主旨题就会问到。
托福听力细节题题型思路讲解
细节题(detail)没什么好多说的，就是问对话中的各类细节内容，这类题目的难度完全取决于考生对具体细节信息的记忆和记录水平，理论上记得越全面细节题做起来就会越简单。细节题的提问形式一般如下：
According to the professor, what is one way that X can affect Y?
What is X?
What resulted from the invention of the X?
\\According to the professor, what is the main problem with the X theory?
通过以上提问方式可以看到，细节题更多出现在讲座类听力题中，而考生想要做好细节题，需要重点训练的是对细节的分辨能力，也就是哪些细节可能考到，哪些细节实在太细其实并不会用来出题。这其中具体的衡量标准需要大家自己去总结体会，这里不做展开详述。还有一点需要提醒大家，那就是不要因为细节题选项中提到了听力素材里的特定关键词就去选择这个选项，这类以突出特定关键词作为诱饵的陷阱选项在细节题中是很多的，考生需要结合题目整体分析再做选择。另外如果大家发现自己很不巧地没有把解答细节题的关键信息给记录下来，那么应对方法就是通过分析选项，寻找其中和听力素材主旨关联更大的选项来进行判断，这也不失为一种较为有效高命中率的应急解题思路。
总而言之，托福听力基础理解类的这3种题型，其实正确解答还是相对容易一些。结合上文具体内容，还请大家能够认真学习听力题不同题型的应对技巧和解题思路，确保这些难度较低题型的稳定得分。
托福写作模板：你想发明什么东西
If you could invent something new, what product would you develop? Use specific details to explain why this invention is needed.
托福写作模板范文参考：
I live in a place where the environment is being degraded alarmingly and the desert is expanding rapidly. Subsequently, the people around here are suffering a lot from this vicious environmental vicissitude. So to change the current situation is a great challenge for the people living here. I believe to invent an electronic plant grower is significant to curb the environmental degradation.
Firstly, weather condition is too severe to grow any plants here. It is not efficient for us to afforest in such a vast area either. Furthermore, if the plants could not get the basic supplies like water, amicable weather conditions, it is almost impossible for plants to survive. The invention of electronic plant grower could be scientific enough, when it plants grass or trees, it will automatically put solid ice and other trace elements which could enhance the viability of plants. Thus, the newly planted plants could easily survive in it.
Secondly, the electronic plant grower could do a lot of onerous works in the field and tolerate unfavorable weather. It can extend to the most remote place to work where there are no residents at all, but could build up effective protection barrier to mitigate sandstorm. Furthermore, the electronic plant growers consume no water, which is precious resource in the desert. They can work day and night and take full time of planting season to plant as much as plants.
Thirdly, to afforest in such a vast and tough area, it needs numerous manpower for planting in short season and taking care of the plants. As an advanced robot, the invented electronic plant growers could reduce the pressure of manpower and keep the live human away from the life limit area.
To rehabilitate the environment is important more than anything else here, but the environmental rehabilitation could not do without some high-tech duplicate of human being like electronic plant grower. So I expect its birth with great hope.
托福写作模板：童年是人生中最重要的岁月
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A person's childhood years (the time from birth to twelve years of age) are the most important years of a person's life. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
托福写作模板范文参考：
A person's childhood years are indeed the most important years of his life and I agree with this statement.
The initial years of childhood are the time when a person learns a lot about himself and his family and the society. A child's mind is impressionable and he imbibes values and behavior that he gets to see around him. So the role of his family and school is of utmost importance.
It has been seen that children who get the love and support of their parents and teachers in their childhood turn out be mature and emotionally balanced teenagers and adults. On the other hand, if we look at the childhood of criminals and other antisocial elements, we will find that most of them have been through tough times as children. They were deprived proper care and upbringing. Delinquents also have a history of abuse in their childhood many a times.
Children are always inquisitive and willing to learn. When they are provided a stimulating environment in which they can develop their talents and learn to enjoy their work, they become good citizens who are an asset to the nation. Family is the most important institution in a child's formative years because parents are children's role models. Children develop their ethics, moral values and temperament in tune with what they see in their parents and elder siblings. The type of personality that a child develops is difficult to change later.
So I firmly believe that childhood is a vital part of a person's life that plays an important role in shaping his future.
托福写作模板：提高免费互联网服务
The government should offer internet access to all of citizens at no cost.
托福写作模板范文参考：
With the advent of the information age, internet and advanced technological gadgets are becoming more and more accessible, actually they are now as important as basic necessities in life like water supply and electricity. When it comes to the question of whether government should provide free internet access to all citizens, personally I am in favor of this initiative based on the following reasons.
Admittedly, providing free internet access to the public in schools, shopping malls, tourist spots and even households might incur some financial burden to the city since the government has to invest in the infrastructure and networks and even dedicate staff members to maintain the operation, however, it is well worth the effort and financial resource to provide such service.
First off, internet now is an indispensable part of people’s lives, and we simply cannot live and work without it. Providing free internet service can make people’s lives more convenient and bring efficiency to working places. For example, college students can utilize internet to send emails to inquire professors about certain issues in the academics, use different kinds of online service to assist their study. Internet makes it possible for professors to involve multimedia in the their classrooms, making the class more interactive and engaging. Also, businessmen can capitalize on the internet and monitor various data like management cost, profit, asset and liability, ultimately they can avoid certain financial loss and make more profit. Generally, internet makes lives more convenient, citizens can use location based apps to find restaurants, museums, sports centers, etc. Apart from that, internet brings a more connected community and facilitates interaction between citizens and businesses. More importantly, a city with free internet access in public places will see its popularity boosted and attract people to move in or visit.
Additionally, providing free wifi access to everyone is a very conducive tool for empowerment and social engagement, shortening the gap between the rich and the poor, the underprivileged and the privileged. Actually, internet access, cell phone contracts, and data plan can be very expensive and not very affordable to people with lower incomes. Providing free internet service to these people gives them life changing opportunities, like job hunting, on-line course, and even health advice. Consequently, providing free internet service can be a great tool for empowerment and social involvement.
To conclude, providing free internet service to citizens has lots of benefits since internet makes people’s lives more convenient and brings efficiency to working places, more importantly, providing free internet service can be a great tool for empowerment and social involvement.
篇11：托福综合口语考试题型介绍及解题方法详解
托福综合口语考试题型介绍及解题方法详解
3～6属于综合口语部分。在这部分，考生需要听一段对话或独白，或是先读一篇短文然后听一个简短的对话或独白，最后答题。这部分需要考生将听、说、读各种能力结合起来，因此称为综合口语。根据考查话题的不同，综合口语部分的内容可以分为校园场景和学术讲座两类。考试形式如此复杂的原因是为了让考生提前感受美国的校园生活及授课形式。
1. 校园场景
Question 3&5的话题都是关于校园生活和学习的。这部分的单词难度不高，场景贴近考生的校园生活，所以通常情况下阅读和听力部分的难度对于考生来说都不太大。
Question 3
题型介绍：考生会先得到40～45秒的时间看一篇短文(阅读页面无反复)，短文一般是学校的一则通知或学生发起的倡议等。然后考生会听到一段对话，针对阅读的内容表达看法和相应的理由。要求考生总结录音中某个人物的观点及理由，无需考生加入主观评价。之后考生会得到30秒的备考时间，陈述时间为60秒。
Question 5
题型介绍：考生会听到一段对话，对话中会谈到一个问题以及解决问题的两个方案，两个方案各有利弊。题目要求考生分别阐述问题和方案，然后选择其中一个方案并且说明理由(理由尽量沿着对话中提供的解决方案进行)。之后考生会得到20秒的备考时间，陈述时间为60秒。
校园场景部分无论阅读还是听力部分的词汇量都绝对是在考生可控范围内的，唯一的难点在于如何利用有限的准备时间，把大量琐碎信息整合在一起，并拼接成一篇完整的60秒文章。
2. 学术讲座
这一部分的话题涉及到很多领域，经常出现的学科包括心理学(psychology)、商科(business)、动物学(zoology)和植物学(botany)，偶尔会有艺术史(art history)。Question 4 & 6属于这类题目。
Question 4
题型介绍：首先是阅读部分，考生要先读一篇文章，文章会向考生简单介绍某个学术名词，语言一般比较抽象。听力部分是教授在课上用一两个具体、生动的例子来阐述阅读文章中出现的名词。这道题要求考生结合阅读和听力的内容，说明听力材料中的例子是如何解释阅读材料中的名词的。考生会得到30秒的备考时间，陈述时间为60秒。
Question 6
题型介绍：在这一部分考生会直接听一段学术讲座。教授在一开始会解释一个概念或提出一个问题，然后通过一些细节来解释或阐明这一概念或问题。题目要求考生根据听到的观点和事例来阐述这一概念或问题，即整理、复述讲座的主要内容。
学术讲座部分是托福口语难度最高的部分，因为素材绝大部分北美大学大一至大二的课本及课堂，无论从词汇量还是知识面上对于考生来说都是很大的挑战，考前必须有针对性的大量练习。
托福口语特点及应对策略
托福口语的特点是，难得高分，也不容易的很低的分数。大约在15~23分都是比较容易得到的。下面我们一起来看托福口语的解析。
托福口语题型解析
托福口语部分共有6题，总时间约为20分钟。
1.第1题和第2题为独立回答题。准备时间为15秒，回答问题时间为45秒，问题会被朗读出来，同时会出现在屏幕上。
2.第3题和第4题要求考生先阅读一段文字，然后再听一段与阅读文字在内容上相关的听力材料，最后考生按照要求回答相关问题。通常一道题是情景题，另一道是学术题，阅读材料是70-100单词的自然段，共45秒钟的阅读时间。听力材料可能是对话，也可能是演讲，其长度大约为1分半钟，150-180个单词，考生可以在听录音的过程中做笔记来帮助答题。考生有30秒的准备时间，60秒的回答问题时间。题目要求考生总结阅读材料中隐含的说话者的观点。
3.第5题和第6题以考试中的听力材料为基础，要求考生回答相关问题。听力材料通常一道题是对话情景题，长度为60-90秒;另一道是课堂讲解学术题，长度为90-120秒。考生可以在听录音的过程中做笔记来帮助答题。考生有20秒的准备时间，60秒的时间回答问题。每个回答的得分是0-4分。考查综合语言技能的题目的评分以回答的质量、完整性和准确性为依据。
应对策略
培养高效的速记能力
托福口语考试中，除了独立说外，还增加了先读、听后说和先听后说。因此，虽说是口语考试，但囊括了听、读、说三项技能，这不仅全面而充分地体现了托福的测试理念与理想目标，而且也是托福口语考试的最大特点。另外，在托福考试中，口语部分允许考生在听、读的同时做笔记，这对考生在紧张的状态下产生的“听时明白听后忘，读时明白读完忘”的现象确实是一个有益的帮助，因此培养一种高效的速记能力在托福考试中不仅显得至关重要，而且是势在必行。
训练注意事项：
1.清楚地了解衡量口语水平的标准
2.熟练地掌握英语发音要领
3.正确使用语调、停顿及强弱读
4.习惯美国英语发音
5.积累大量的词汇、短语、谚语及日常生活用语
6.谙熟语言背后的文化
以上就是托福口语考试的应对技巧，希望能帮助大家备考。
篇12：托福阅读高分值6选3题型高效答题思路和步骤全面介绍
托福阅读高分值6选3题型高效答题思路和步骤全面介绍
托福阅读六选三题型基本思路解读
对于托福阅读的压轴六选三题型，考生在解题时需要了解这些题型基本思路：
1. 六选三题型不是考细节的题型，所以不建议大家用解答细节题的方式来逐个对照寻找题目给出的六个选项，否则会浪费掉很多无谓的时间。
2. 六选三题型的选项存在这种现象，正确选项在概括某些段落信息时也会存在小瑕疵，并非完全无措。哪怕在官方的官方真题Official习题以及真题中也是比较常见的，所以考生需要从整体理解的角度去选择选项，不要过于注重选项细节。
3. 六选三题型的基本思路就是排除法。从六个选项中排除掉三个。所以考生与其逐个找正确选项，还不如把注意力放在找茬上面，这样解题思维方面的压力会比较小一些。
4. 尽量避免返回原文的做法。这种做法一个是费时间，全核对一遍基本等于重读文章，很多同学做这道题目都会不经意间犯这种错误。你阅读解题时间不够用很有可能就是因为这么做六选三题花了太多时间。
托福阅读六选三题型解题步骤讲解
了解了基本思路之后，接下来考生就需要学习一下托福阅读六选三题型的解题步骤了：
1. 建议用时为1-2分钟
这道题目因为分值较高，完全做对有2分，是普通题目分值的两倍，所以建议大家适当多投入一些解题时间。建议用1-2分钟来仔细做题。
2. 阅读中总结段落大意
想要做好六选三题，考生不能等做到这道题才开始思考，在之前阅读的过程中就需要为解答这道题做一些准备工作了。也就是在读文章过程中把每个段落的大意总结记录下来。不需要记录很多东西，几个单词或者一句话概括好这个段落在讲什么就足够了。稍微模糊一些的印象反而更适合做六选三题。
3. 用长难句应对技巧拆选项
六选三题的6个选项一般都是长难句STYLE，看起来很麻烦，所以大家看到题目后先用应对长难句的方式把选项拆分瘦身一下，只保留主干即可，方便之后做筛选排除。
4. 结合第2步结果排除现象
这一步要用到之前留下的段落大意的记录，对照记录来做筛选排除。选项内容符合大意的保留，不符合直接排除。
5. 出现相似选项回段落分析
如果在上一步排除的过程中发现有两个选项讲的内容比较相似，只靠大意记录实在分不出来，这个时候才需要返回对应段落来判断，然后根据段落原意排除掉一个即可。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：雅典贵族力量的削弱
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
The strength of the Athenian aristocracy was further weakened during the rest of the century by the rise of a type of government known as a tyranny, which is a form of interim rule by a popular strongman (not rule by a ruthless dictator as the modem use of the term suggests to us).
词汇讲解：
tyranny /'t?r?ni/ n. 残暴，专横，专制
interim /'?nt?r?m/ adj. 临时的，暂时的
ruthless /'ru?θl?s/ adj. 无怜悯心的，残忍的
dictator /d?k'te?t?/ n. 独裁者;霸道的人，爱发号施令者
rule n. 统治，管理
结构划分：
The strength of the Athenian aristocracy was further weakened (during the rest of the century) (by the rise of a type of government) (known as a tyranny), (which is a form of interim rule by a popular strongman) (not rule (by a ruthless dictator) (as the modem use of the term suggests to us)).
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：围绕北极星运动的天体
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
Anaximander,observing the motions of the heavens around the polestar, was probably the first of the Greek philosophers to picture the sky as sphere complete ly surrounding Earth--an idea that, elaborated upon later, would prevail until the advent of the Scientific Revolution in the seventeenth century.
词汇讲解：
polestarn. 北极星
sphere /sf??/ n. 球体，球形;范围;社会阶层，社会地位
elaborate/?'l?b?ret/ v. 详尽解释或说明，详细制定
prevail /pr?'ve?l/ v. 流行，盛行
advent /'?dv?nt/ n. 来临，到来
结构划分：
Anaximander, (observing the motions of the heavens around the polestar), was probably the first of the Greek philosophers (to picture the sky as sphere completely surrounding Earth)--(an idea) (that, (elaborated upon later), would prevail until the advent of the Scientific Revolution in the seventeenth century).
深度分析：
这个句子的主干：
Anaximander was probably the first of the Greek philosophers
修饰一：(observing the motions of the heavens around the polestar) ，
非谓语动词
中文：观察围绕北极星运动的天体
修饰二：(to picture the sky as sphere completely surrounding Earth) ，非谓语动词
中文：把天空描绘成完全围绕地球的球体
修饰三：(an idea) ，同位语
中文：一个想法
修饰四：(elaborated upon later) ，非谓语动词
中文：后来被详细阐述
修饰五：(that would prevail until the advent of the Scientific Revolution in the seventeenth century) ，从句，修饰idea
中文：会流行到17世纪科技革命的到来。
参考翻译：
Anaximander(一直观察围绕北极星运动的天体)可能是第一个希腊哲学家把天空描绘成完全围绕地球的球体——这个想法(后来被详细阐述)会流行到17世纪科技革命的到来。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：钢梁建筑中墙的本质
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
For example, in traditional architecture, stone or brick walls served a structural role, but in a steel-beam building the walls were essentially hung from the internal skeleton of steel beams, which mean t that walls and corners no longer needed to be solid but could be opened up in unexpected ways.
词汇讲解：
beam /bi?m/ n. 梁
skeleton /'sk?l?tn/ n. 骨骼，骨架
结构划分：
(For example), (in traditional architecture), stone or brick walls served a structural role, but (in a steel-beam building) the walls were essentially hung from the internal skeleton of steel beams, (which meant) (that walls and corners no longer needed to be solid but could be opened up in unexpected ways.)
参考翻译：
例如，在传统的建筑设计中，石头墙或砖墙起到了结构性作用，但在钢梁的建筑中，墙本质上是悬挂在钢梁的内在骨架上，这意味着墙和角落不再需要是实心的而是以一种意外的方式能够打开。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析：中国造纸技术向西方传播
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例：
It has been said that Chinese papermakers were among the prisoners captured in a battle fought near Samarqand between the Chineseand the Muslims in 751, and the technique of papermaking - in which cellulosepulp extracted from any of several plants is first suspended in water, caught on a fine screen, and then dried into flexible sheets - slowly spread westward.
词汇讲解：
cellulose /'selj?l??z/ n. 纤维素
pulp /p?lp/ n. 果肉;纸浆
extract /?k'str?kt/ vt. 取出，拔出;压出, 榨出(汁液等);选录，摘录
suspend /s?'spend/ vt. 悬挂或吊起某物;使(某物)悬浮;使(某事物)暂停
screen n. (筛煤﹑ 砾石等的)筛子
flexible /'fl?ks?bl/ adj. 易弯曲的，柔韧的， 有弹性的
结构划分：
It has been said that Chinese papermakers were among the prisoners (capturedin a battle)(fought near Samarqand)(between the Chinese and the Muslims in 751), and the technique of papermaking - (in which cellulose pulp extracted from any of several plants is first suspended in water, caught on a fine screen, and then dried into flexible sheets) - slowly spread westward.
深度分析：
这个句子的主干是：
It has been said that + 从句
从句的主干是：
Chinese papermakers were among the prisoners and the technique of papermaking slowly spread westward
修饰一：(captured in a battle)，非谓语动词，相当于形容词，修饰the prisoners
中文：在战争中被俘
修饰二：(fought near Samarqand)，非谓语动词，相当于形容词，修饰battle
中文：在撒马尔罕附近
修饰三：(between the Chinese and the Muslims in 751)，介词短语
中文：在751年，在中国和穆斯林之间
修饰四：(in which cellulose pulp extracted from any of severalplants is first suspended in water, caught on a fine screen, and then dried into flexible sheets)，从句，修饰the technique of papermaking
注意：从句里面还有一个非谓语动词修饰cellulosepulp
cellulose pulp (extracted from any ofseveral plants) is first suspended in water
中文：首先从几颗植物中提取纤维素纸浆悬浮在水中，在精致的筛子上过滤，然后烘干成有韧性的纸张
参考翻译：
据说在751年，在中国和穆斯林之间，在撒马尔罕附近的一场战役中，中国的造纸匠被虏成为囚犯，这样造纸术(首先从几颗植物中提取纤维素纸浆悬浮在水中，在精致的筛子上过滤，然后烘干成有韧性的纸张)才缓慢向西方传播。
★ 如何提高托福听力
★ 托福听力高分心得
托福改革后听力考试内容组成详解及题型分值介绍（合集12篇）
