【导语】“Christina”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了11篇考研英语翻译考前试题，以下是小编收集整理后的考研英语翻译考前试题，欢迎阅读与借鉴。
- 目录
篇1：考研英语翻译考前试题
The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries.(61)The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.
Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different rom their own.Two anthropologists―linguists，Franz Boas and Edward Sapir，were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century.
(62)We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished，as the people who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.Other linguists in the earlier part of this century，however，who were less eager to deal with bizarre(古怪的)data from“exotic(外来的)”language，were not always so grateful.(63)The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the wellstudied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.Native American languages are indeed different，so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World WarⅡto sand secret messages.
Sapir’s pupil，Benjamin Lee Whorf，continued the study of American Indian languages.(64)Being interested in the relationship of the language and thought，Whorf developed the idea that the structure of the language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language，the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another.(65)Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which，in its strongest from，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce farreaching consequences for the culture of a society.Later，this idea became to be known as the SapirWhorf hypothesis，but this term is somewhat inappropriate.Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages，Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.
翻译题解：
考题所选文章是关于语言和思维关系的有趣话题，文中语言用词较通俗易懂，结构也不如往年复杂，总体难度不算大。从卷面反映的情况看，第3、5句正确率较低，1、2、4句得分相对高些。
文章开篇即指出，早在古希腊，人们就认识到语言与思维有关联，而将语言研究用于不同的语言上，则是近代的事。文中以20世纪上半叶的两个著名人类学家、语言学家Franz Boas 和Edward Sapir为例，指出他们对人类语言研究方面做出的贡献。文中的另一重要人物是Sapir 的学生Benjamin Lee Whorf，他通过分析部落语言的兴衰证明了语言与文化的不可分割性，提出了Sapir-Whorf假说。下面我们对5个划线句的翻译分别给出具体的分析解答过程。
(61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.
句子分析：
这是一个带宾语从句，定语从句的复合句，其框架结构分析如下：
主句的主、谓结构：The Greeks assumed that 希腊人假定
宾语从句：the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought语言结构与思想的过程之间有某种联系
定语从句：which took root in Europe(这种想法)扎根于欧洲
时间状语从句：long before people realized how diverse language could be早在人们意识到语言会有多么的不同之前
翻译技巧:
此句可以采用层层剥茧的方法，先抓住整个句子的结构，然后再考虑具体的措词问题。在理清了上述结构之后，还需注意下面几个词语的处理：
assumed 假定;认为;以为
the process of thought思想的过程;思维过程
took root生根;在…扎下了根
很多人不能正确理解这个动词词组的意思，有的译成了“起源于…..”，“在…….出现了”，有的译成了“在….占统治地位”，都是不可接受的翻译。
long before 早在…之前;“在…之前早就…”
考生的错误在于不能辨别long before所限定的时间顺序，有译成“在扎根欧洲很长时间之前”，“不久的将来人们就意识到…”， 也有译成“很久以前人们就意识到…”。另外, 不要与before long(不久，不久以后)相混淆
diverse “丰富;差异性;多样性;千差万别”
多数人犯错是因为不认识该词意思，凭印象根据拼写类似词而译成“相反;倒转;转换”。
how diverse 多么的不同;多么的千差万别
could be 可能会是(can 过去式)
完整的译文：
希腊人认为，语言结构与思维的过程之间存在着某种联系。这种想法，早在人们意识到语言会有多么千差万别之前在欧洲就已经根深蒂固了。
(62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.
句子分析：
这是一个带原因状语从句、定语从句的复合句，其框架结构分析如下：
主句的主、谓、宾结构：We are obliged to them 我们感激他们
原因状语从句：because some of these languages have since vanished因为自此这些语言中的一部分消失了
定语从句：as the peoples who spoke them die d out or became assimilated and lost their native languages 因为讲它们的人灭亡了或同化了，并且丧失了自己的语言
翻译技巧:
此句的结构并不难掌握，主要是准确表达其中的下面几个措辞：
1)be obliged to感激，感谢某人
极少有人能译对这个词组，多数人根据oblige的常用意思译为“被迫”，“有义务”，都不符原文。这里提醒考生，同样的拼写可能有多种不同的含义。许多人片面追求词汇量，以为达到5000千、6000千词汇就没问题了。其实，词汇的问题比较复杂，除了拼写、基本含义，还有搭配、用法、多重含义等。这些是用词汇表、小字典进行强记所无法解决的。
2)have since vanished从那以后就消失了，不复存在了;此处的since 表示 “从此以后”之意;
since 在这句中是副词，一般人只掌握了其作为连词和介词的用法，而本句since后面只有单词vanished，是谓语的一部分，这难倒了许多人，有的译为“自从消失以后”，有的则译为“自从他们绝种后”，都不正确。可见，词汇的学习除了注意词义，还要留心词性。
die out 灭绝，完全的灭亡(cease living completely; become extinct);不宜译作 “死亡，消失”。
完整的译文：：
我们之所以感激他们，是因为从此以后，这些语言中的一部分消失了，因为讲这些语言的人要么灭绝了，要么被同化了，因而丧失了自己的语言。
(63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.
句子分析：
这是一个带有结果状语从句的系表结构，主句系表结构的框架为：
The …languages were so different from.. that …各种语言是如此的不同，以至于……
结果状语：some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.一些学者甚至指责Boas 和Sapir编造了他们的资料
定语：The newly described languages 这些新近被描述的语言
介词from 的宾语：the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia 经过充分研究的欧洲和东南亚的语言
翻译技巧:
翻译此句的关键在于掌握结构原文的so ... that …(如此…以至于)结构;措词表达上，应当注意accused sb. of sth. (指责/谴责某人作了某事)，fabricating(捏造, 伪造, 虚构)，以及The newly described(这些新近被描述的)，strikingly different(显著的不同)，the well studied languages(经过充分研究的各种语言)的准确译法。
此句难点有三处：
1) strikingly different 差别显著
许多人不理解strikingly，要么不译，要么错译为“严格不同”，“完全差别”。
2) so…that (如此…) 以至于
由于so…that间隔长，有的考生看不道这一句法结构，错把that后的从句当作South Asia的定语，译文语义混乱。
3) fabricating 编造
这个词许多人不认识，错译为 “构造”，“修饰”，“弄错”或“修改”。
完整的译文：：
这些新近被描述的各种语言与经过充分研究的欧洲和东南亚的语言是如此的显著的不同，以至于一些学者甚至指责Boas 和Sapir编造了他们的资料。
(64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.
句子分析：
这是一个由现在分词短语引起的带同位语从句的复合句。
主句的主、谓、宾结构为：Whorf developed the idea Whorf 逐渐形成了这种见解
同位语从句：(the idea)that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society 在一个社会里，语言的结构决定习惯思想的结构
现在分词短语：Being interested in the relationship of language and thought(他)对语言与思维的关系感兴趣
翻译技巧:
本句在五题中相对较容易，不少人得了满分。being interested in …应译作一个句子，即 “Whorf对语思维的关系很感兴趣”， Developed the idea 出错稍多，有译成“发明了一种认识”，也有译成“发展了一个注意”，都不恰当，而是“形成观点”，主要是汉语表达要恰当; habitual thought 应译作 “习惯(性)思维”，而不宜译作 “思考、思想”。同位语结构可考虑用冒号提示性方法来处理。
完整的译文：：
Whorf对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣，他逐渐形成了这样一种观念：在一个社会里，语言的结构决定了习惯思维的结构。
(65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
句子分析：
这是一个带宾语从句，定语从句的复合句，其框架结构分析如下：
主句的主、谓结构：Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism Whorf逐渐相信某种语言决定论
定语从句：(带两个并列宾语从句)which, …states that, …and that..这一论点宣称，……而且宣称……
并列宾语从句1：language imprisons the mind in 语言将思想禁锢其中
并列宾语从句2：the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society 语言的语法模式可以对某一社会文化产生深远的影响。
插入成分：in its strongest form以自己最强烈的形式
翻译技巧:
此句是5个试题中最难的一句。一是结构复杂，句中有句，一环套一环;二是一些词语不宜直译，如：come to believe 开始相信;都需要按汉语表达习惯在措辞上进行调整，才能翻译出正确的意思。
1)a sort of 某种
典型的错译是“一系列”。某些类似汉语量词的表达需要考生给予足够重视。
2) linguistic determinism语言决定论
linguistic意思是“语言的，语言学的”，determinism的后缀表示“…论，…主义”，但许多人没能掌握这一构词知识。
3) in its strongest form其极端说法是;在其最强烈的形式下
很多人没能根据本句的语境理解，而是照字面意思译为“它的最强烈的形式;它的最有力的形式”，这都不符合要求。
4) imprison the mind禁锢思维
考生出错是由于没找到表达imprison的恰当汉语，译为“关闭思维;囚禁头脑”。imprison把……关在监狱中，囚禁;
5) far-reaching 深远的; 伸得很远的;
这是个合成词，许多人没掌握，只能根据字面猜测：“远不可及的”，“远远到达的”等等， 这些都不正确。
完整的译文：
Whorf逐渐接受了某种语言决定论的观点;这种观点的极端说法是：语言禁锢了思想，语言的语法模式可以对某种社会文化产生深远的影响。
全文参考译文
许多世纪以来哲学家一直对语言与思维的关系颇感兴趣。(61)希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。直到最近语言学家才开始认真研究与自己的母语截然不同的语言。两位人类学家、语言学家佛朗茨・博厄斯和爱德华・萨皮尔在二十世纪上半叶描述了北美和南美许多土著语言，在这方面他们堪称先驱。(62)我们之所以感激他们(两位无驱)，是因为在此之后，这些(土著)语言中有一些已经不复存在了，这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了，或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。不过，在该世纪早期其他语言学家并不那么热心处理“异域”语言中的怪异数据，因此他们常不被人们所称道。(63)这些新近被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著，以至于有些学者甚至指责博厄斯和萨皮尔编造了材料。美洲土著语言的确十分特异，纳瓦霍语实际上在二战中可以被美军用作密码发密码电报。
萨皮尔的学生本杰明・李・沃夫继续研究美洲印第安人的语言。(64)沃夫对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣，逐渐形成了这样的观点:在一个社会中，语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。他论述说，某一特定语言中比较容易形成某些特定概念，但与此有别的其他概念则不易形成，因此该语言的使用者思考问题只会沿着这一条道而不会沿着那一条道进行。(65)沃夫进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，其极端说法是:语言禁锢思维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。后来，这种观点成为了知名的萨皮尔―沃夫假说，不过这个术语有点不妥。虽然萨皮尔和沃夫都强调各种语言之间的差异性，但萨皮尔自己从来没有明确地表示过支持语言决定论的观念。
篇2：考研英语翻译模拟试题及解析
Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.
First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? (46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. (47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals―the average scientist for one. (48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties―he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.
The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. (50) They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing; living in “public and industrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.
重点词汇：
intellectual：
adj 1 [通常作定语] of the intellect 智力的;理智的：【例】the intellectual faculties 智能。
2 of, interested in or able to deal with things of the mind (eg the arts, ideas for their own sake) rather than practical matters 思维的, 善思考的, 能运用聪明才智的(如艺术、思想等方面，并非指实际事情)：【例】intellectual people 善思考的人;intellectual interests, pursuits, etc 需用脑力的爱好、研究等。
n intellectual person 知识分子; 脑力劳动者：【例】 a play, book, etc for intellectuals 以知识分子为对象的剧、书等。
plead ：/ pli:d; plid/
v 1 ~ (with sb) (for sth) make repeated urgent requests (to sb) (for sth) 再三恳求或请求(某人)(做某事)：【例】plead for mercy 祈求发慈悲; He pleaded with his parents for a more understanding attitude. 他求父母多加谅解。
2 offer (sth) as an explanation or excuse, esp for failing to do sth or for doing sth wrong 提出(理由或藉口)(尤指因未做某事或做错某事)：【例】They asked him to pay for the damage but he pleaded poverty. 他们要他付损害赔偿金, 但他藉口贫穷而不偿还。
3 ~ for/against sb (law 律) (of a lawyer) speak to a lawcourt (on behalf of the plaintiff/defendant)(指律师)(在法庭上为原告[被告])提出申诉、答辩或辩护。
4 (law 律) present (a case) to a court of law 向法庭陈述(案情)：【例】 They employed the best lawyer they could get to plead their case. 他们聘请了能请到的最好的律师为他们陈述案情。
5 (law 律) put (sth) forward as the basis of a case in a court of law (on behalf of sb) (代表某人)向法庭提出(某事)(作为案件的基础)：【例】Counsel for the accused said that he intended to plead insanity, ie that his client was insane and therefore not responsible for his actions. 被告的律师说他想提出案发时被告精神失常这一理由, 为被告不需负法律责任进行辩护。
6 ~ (for) sth argue in support of sth; support (a cause) by argument 极力主张; 以辩论支持(某事业)：【例】plead for the modernization of the city's public transport 力主城市公共交通现代化。
【形】pleadingly in a begging or an imploring manner 恳求地;乞求地
【名】pleadings (律) (原告的)诉状;被告的)答辩状
consciously：adv.
【形】conscious
1 knowing what is going on around one because one is able to use bodily senses and mental powers; awake 感觉到的; 意识到的; 清醒的: 【例】He was in a coma for days, but now he's (fully) conscious again. 他昏迷了几天, 但现在又(完全)清醒了。
2 ~ of sth/that... aware; noticing 知道的; 察觉的; 注意到的：【例】be conscious of being watched/that one is being watched 察觉有人在监视自己
3 (of actions, feelings, etc) realized by oneself; intentional (指行为、感情等)自觉的; 蓄意的： 【例】One's conscious motives are often different from one's subconscious ones. 一个人有明显动机的举动跟下意识的举动往往截然不同。
4 being particularly aware of and interested in the thing mentioned 对所提到的事物具有深刻认识和浓厚兴趣的：【例】trying to make the workers more politically conscious 努力提高工人的政治觉悟。
【名】consciousness
[U] 1 (a) state of being conscious(1) 知觉; 清醒状态：【例】The blow caused him to lose consciousness. 那一击打得他失去了知觉. (b) ~ (of sth/that...) state of being aware; awareness 明了; 觉悟：【例】my consciousness of her needs 我对她的需求的了解。
2 all the ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc of a person or people 意识： 【例】attitudes that are deeply ingrained in the English consciousness 深深扎根於英国人意识中的看法。
articulate
adj 1 (of a person) able to express one's ideas clearly in words (指人)能用词语把意思表达清楚的：【例】She's unusually articulate for a ten-year-old. 对一个十岁的孩子来说, 她异乎寻常地能说会道。
2 (of speech) clearly pronounced (指讲话)发音清晰的。
3 having joints 有关节的。
v 1 speak (sth) clearly and distinctly 清楚明白地说(某事)：【例】 I'm a little deaf please articulate (your words) carefully. 我有些耳背--请(把话)仔细说清楚。
2 [通常用於被动语态] ~ (sth) with sth form a joint or connect (sth) by joints with sth 形成关节; (用关节)连接：【例】bones that articulate/are articulated with others 以关节与其它骨骼相连的骨骼。
【副】articulately
【名】articulateness
in the light of 按照, 根据, 当作
analogous
adj ~ (to/with sth) partially similar or parallel; offering an analogy 类似的; 相似的： 【例】 The two processes are not analogous. 这两种过程不相似。
encounter
v (fml 文) 1 meet or find oneself faced by (sth/sb unpleasant, dangerous, difficult, etc) 遇到或发现自己面临(令人不快的、危险的、困难的...某事[某人])：【例】 I encountered many difficulties when I first started this job. 我开始做这项工作时, 遇到许多困难。
2 meet (a friend, etc) unexpectedly 邂逅(友人等)。
n ~ (with sb/sth) sudden or unexpected (esp hostile) meeting 突然的或意外的(尤指敌对的)相遇：【例】an encounter with an enemy 与敌人的遭遇。
ethic
n 1 system of moral principles; rules of conduct 道德标准;行为准则：【例】the Puritan ethic 清教徒的伦理观
2 ethics n (a) [sing v] science that deals with morals 伦理学：【例】Ethics is a branch of philosophy. 伦理学是哲学的分科。 (b) [pl] moral correctness 道德规范：【例】The ethics of his decision are doubtful. 他的这一决定是否合乎道德规范值得怀疑。
【形】ethical
1 of morals or moral questions 道德的; 道德上的问题的：【例】largely an ethical problem 主要是道德问题
2 morally correct 合乎道德的：【例】His behavior has not been strictly ethical. 他的行为不太道德。
eminent
adj. 1(of a person) famous and distinguished (指人)著名的, 杰出的, 卓越的：【例】an eminent architect 杰出的建筑师
2 [通常作定语] (of qualities) remarkable; outstanding (指品质、特性)明显的;显著的;突出的：【例】a man of eminent goodness 品德优良的人
【副】eminently
obviously; outstandingly 明显地;显著地;突出地：【例】She seems eminently suitable for the job. 她看来极适合做这项工作。
拓展阅读：
考研英语翻译丢分的原因
1.长难句结构划分不清晰
划分英语长难句结构，是理解英语句子含义的基础。许多同学反映，一看到长句就恐慌;再加上几个不认识的单词，根本无从下手，不知道原文在表达什么，所以只能认识几个单词就翻译几个单词，写出的译文自己都不知所云。事实上，要成功翻译一篇英文文章，既要对英语原文理解正确无误，又要把汉语表达得流畅通顺。但在这两者中，正确理解原文既是起点也是关键。而要做到正确理解原文，就需要有扎实的英语语言基础，特别是英语句型结构知识和正确分析英语句子结构的能力。
2.逻辑关系梳理不明确
在正确理解原文句子结构的基础上，如果局限于原文的句子结构，没有真正弄懂各句之间的逻辑关系，也会造成误译。这是因为，英语中的许多连接词本身就有不同的含义，比如 as ，既可以引导原因状语从句，也可以引导时间状语从句和定语从句，还能和其他词构成新的引导词和短语等;而且某些连接词引导的从句的表面逻辑关系与实际逻辑关系并不相同，比如所有的定语从句看起来都是作定语，但实际上有时却从原因、结果、目的或条件等方面对被修饰词加以限定，所以为了更确切地表达这种逻辑关系，往往将一些定语从句译成相应的状语从句。另外，在正义反说或反义正说方面，还有对状语是修饰限定动词还是整句话，某些词语是作状语还是作定语，或者是否存在否定转移的理解等，都可能造成逻辑关系的误译。
3.词意把握不到位
一位语言学家曾经说过：“在新的上下文里使用的每一个词都是新词。”英语中普遍存在一些一词多义、一词多类的现象，除了一些专有名词之外，几乎没有绝对等值的词语。正是词的这种多义性和变义性，决定了对英语词义的理解及其汉语表达是英译汉的难点所在。所以，对于英译汉中每个词语的翻译都需要仔细斟酌，不可轻易凭经验而译。因此，在翻译一个词时，看到的绝不应该仅仅是这个词本身，必须充分考虑它在上下文中所处的地位以及与其他词的搭配关系，孤立的译词是下下之策。
4.文化背景知识不熟悉
语言与文化是密不可分的孪生体，没有不受文化影响的语言，也没有不用语言传播的文化。无论是在英译汉还是汉译英的实践中，无论是在日常交往还是正式场合，由于缺乏对英美文化的了解而造成的误译比比皆是，常常会闹出笑话，甚至因此造成一些不必要的矛盾和损失。
篇3：考研英语翻译试题及答案解析
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.
If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalists intellectual preparation for his or her career.
(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.
重点词汇：
discipline:
[记]联想记忆：dis(不)+cip(拿)+line(线)――不拿老百姓一针一线――纪律
n.纪律，规定 [例]Without discipline, there is no method.没有规矩，不成方圆。
学科 [例]We will set up a new academic discipline in our school.我们将在学校设立一门新的理论学科。
训练 [例]The mountaineer has been under perfect discipline. 那登山队员受过良好的训练。
[派]disciplined a.受过训练的，遵守纪律的
preserve:
[记]词根记忆：pre(预先)+serve(保持)――便于长久保存而预先采取措施――保护，保藏
Vt.保护，维持 [例]preserve one’s eyesight 保护视力
保存，保藏 [例]Tom preserved the meat in the fridge.汤姆将肉保存在了冰箱里。
腌制 [例]The local people use smokehouses to preserve tons of fish and other seafood annually.每年，当地人利用熏制室来腌制成吨的鱼和其它海产品。
parallel:
[记]para(类似)+llel――类似的
a.平行的，并联的 [例]parallel lines平行线
[考]run parallel to/ with 与…平行;parallel to/ with平行的，并联的
competent:
[记]来自compete(vi.竞争)，com(加强)+pete(竞争)――竞争
a。有能力的，胜任的 [例]Young as he is ,this new manager is really competent.这位新来的经理尽管很年轻，但是非常有能力。
[派]incompetent a.不合格的，不胜任的;competently ad。胜任地，适合地
interpretations:
[记]来自interpret――inter(在…之间)+prêt――在两种语言之间――口译
Vt。解释，说明 [例]The professor asked me to interpret the long difficult sentence in front of the class.教授让我在全班同学面前解释那句又长又难得句子
了解，认为 [例]I interpreted her answer as a refusal.我把她的回答理解为是一种拒绝。
口译 [例]I interpreted the ambassador’s remarks for everybody.我为大家口译了大使的话。
[派]interpretation n.解释;口译;interpreter n.口译者，解释者
well-grounded: ad.基础牢固的, 有充分根据的
翻译题解：
46. Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
句子分段： Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions || as the special preserve of lawyers, || rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
句子结构： 1) 主干结构：简单句legal learning has been viewed as...rather than...;2) view...as中间插入介词词组in such institutions作状语，该词组的含义要到前一句话中去找，指的是“Canadian universities”。
词的处理： institution机构;special preserve专门的工作;intellectual equipment知识素养;educated受过良好教育的
参考译文：
传统上，在加拿大的高等学府里，学习法律一直被看作是律师的专门工作，而不是一个受过良好教育的人所必须具备的知识素养。
47. On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.
句子分段： On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner || which is parallel to the links || journalists forge on a daily basis || as they cover and comment on the news.
句子结构： 1) 主语+谓语+which引导的定语从句+省略引导词的定语从句+as引导的状语从句;2) these concepts的含义也要到前边的句子中去找，指的是前面提到的justice, democracy and freedom;3) which引导的定语从句which is...the news修饰manner，其中包含了定语从句journalists...daily basis，修饰links以及as引导的状语从句。
词的处理： concept观念;everyday reality日常生活中的实际情况;in a...manner以……方式;parallel类似的，相似的;forge使形成;on a basis以……为基础;cover报道
参考译文：
另一方面，法律又将正义、民主和自由这些观念与日常生活中的实际联系在一起，其方式就如同新闻工作者在报道和评论新闻事件时，以日常生活为基础，使这些观念与实际情况相结合一样。
48. But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
句子分段： But the idea || that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen || rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
句子结构： 1) 主语+that引导的同位语从句+谓语(rest on)+宾语(an understanding of...);2) the established conventions和special responsibilities均修饰news media。
词的处理： profoundly深刻地;rest on建立在……之上，以……为基础或根据;understanding理解，共识;established既定的，确认的;convention规范;news media新闻媒体
参考译文：
但是，新闻工作者对于法律的理解应该比普通公民更加深刻，这个观点是在对于新闻媒体的既定规范和特殊的社会责任有深刻认识的基础之上建立的。
49. In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
句子分段： In fact, it is difficult to see || how journalists || who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution || can do a competent job on political stories.
句子结构： 1) 形式主语it+表语+真实主语how...political stories;2) 真实主语是how引导的从句，该从句的主语是journalists，谓语部分是can do...;who引导的定语从句修饰journalists。
词的处理： see设想，想象;grasp领会，理解;basic feature基本特点;competent令人满意的;story新闻报道
参考译文：
实际上，很难想象那些对于加拿大宪法的基本特点缺乏清晰了解的新闻工作者能够胜任政治新闻报道的工作。
50. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.
句子分段：While comment and reaction from lawyers || may enhance stories, || it is preferable for journalists || to rely on their own notions of significance and || make their own judgments.
句子结构：while引导的状语从句+形式主语it+真实主语to rely on...and make...。
词的处理： reaction反应;enhance提高，提升;preferable更可取的，更好的;rely on依靠，依赖;notion见解，看法;significance重要性，意义;make one’s own judgment作出自己的判断
参考译文：
律师的评论和反应当然能够提升新闻报道的价值，但是，记者们最好还是依靠自己对于事件重要性的认识来做出判断。
全文翻译：
几个世纪以来，有关法律的研究一直被看成是欧洲各国大学的一门基本的知识学科。不过，只是在最近几年有关法律的研究才成为加拿大大学教育的一门学科。传统上，在加拿大的高等学府里，学习法律一直被看作是律师的专门工作，而不是一个受过良好教育的人所必须具备的知识素养。幸运的是，加拿大的许多大学正在树立法律教育更传统、更具有大陆特性的观念，有些甚至已经开始授予法律学士学位。
如果有关法律的研究正在开始成为普通教育一个不可缺少的学科的话，那么它的目的和方法应该会即刻吸引新闻学教育家。法律是一门学科，这门学科鼓励进行有责任的判断。一方面，它为分析像公正、民主以及自由这样的概念提供机会。另一方面，法律又将正义、民主和自由这些观念与日常生活中的实际联系在一起，其方式就如同新闻工作者在报道和评论新闻事件时，以日常生活为基础，使这些观念与实际情况相结合一样。比如，有关证据和事实、基本权利和公众利益这样的概念在新闻判断和新闻制作过程中起作用，就像在法庭上一样。通过学习并且反省法律来强化判断是一名新闻记者为其事业进行知识准备时渴望实现的。
但是，新闻工作者对于法律的理解应该比普通公民更加深刻，这个观点是在对于新闻媒体的既定规范和特殊的社会责任有深刻认识的基础之上建立的。政治，或者更广泛一点，国家的职能，是新闻记者报道的一个主要方面。他们对国家运作的方式了解越多，他们的报道就越优秀。实际上，很难想象那些对于加拿大宪法的基本特点缺乏清晰了解的新闻工作者能够胜任政治新闻报道的工作。
此外，法律体系以及其中发生的事件是新闻记者报道的主题。虽然与法律有关的新闻报道的性质差别很大，但是，许多新闻记者过分依赖律师提供给他们的诠释。律师的评论和反应当然能够提升新闻报道的价值，但是，记者们最好还是依靠自己对于事件重要性的认识来做出判断。
篇4：2018考研英语翻译
考研英语翻译是考研英语整张试卷中难度系数较大的题型。在一篇约500-600字的文章中，选出五句话要求考生进行翻译，虽然只有五道题，分值10分，但是考察的是学生在理解的基础上将英语转换成汉语的能力，是一种高层次的要求。根据中公考研英语研究院对历年考研真题的研究分析，这五句话句式各异，结构复杂，内容有一定深度，因此在理解上对考生来说有一定挑战。那么考生该如何找到切入点，以备战的考研呢?
首先，我们要明确的是考研英语中的翻译考察的还是考生的阅读能力，和翻译专业的翻译考试有区别，这也是为什么出题人把翻译归结为阅读理解Part C的原因。因此，考生若想在这个题型中取得比较好的分数，一是要注意词汇的翻译，即词汇的理解到不到位;二是要注意句子结构的分析，即是否将句子捋顺，是否与上下文衔接;三是汉语的表述，是对前面两个能力的综合。经常有学生会说，我知道句子说的是什么意思，但是就是组织不好语言，读起来自己都觉得怪怪的。其实，对于大部分来说，这是一个普遍的现象，和我们在写英语作文的时候使用汉语思维造句是一个道理。为什么会出现这种情况呢，原因很好理解。我们说翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的内容重新表达出来而达到语言的沟通和交流，因此，在英汉翻译的过程中涉及到两种语言之间的切换，而这两种语言之间肯定存在千差万别，需要我们对这两种语言进行一个宏观上的区分。拿英语来说吧，英语是一种形合语言，逻辑关系非常明确，而且大量使用名词，以及有名词功能的介词和动名词等，在表达上被动使用的频率非常高。而汉语正好相反，汉语是一种意合语言，单句之间的逻辑关系不明显，而且主动语态使用的比较频繁。因此，在英译汉的过程中，我们应该考虑汉语的表达习惯，在理清句子的逻辑关系之后，对句子意思进行重组，以使表达流畅通顺。
当然，若要理清句子的逻辑关系，明白句子的含义，必须在词汇和长难句分析上下功夫。大家可以不必急着对该题型进行练习，从现在开始，应该好好地打好基本功，为构建大厦准备好地基。在七八月份的强化阶段之前，先花时间好好复习词汇、长难句分析，培养逻辑思维。强化阶段之后对各种句型进行练习，比如大家可以找历年真题进行翻译练习，也可以找整篇真题进行练习。到了冲刺阶段，总结自己曾经用过的一些翻译技巧，比如词类转换、长难句的拆分等等，总结常考句型、常考词汇、常考词组，最后完成冲刺。其实同学们也不用太担心，只要准备充分，掌握采分点和答题技巧，拿七八分应该是没有很大问题的。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。第二点：动词的时态。考研中的虚拟语气一般会出现在阅读理解中。是阅读理解中的一个考点。
Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”，with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. ( TEXT1)
这是个含有同位语从句的复合句。that引导的同位语从句的谓语动词由would+动词原形be构成。
参考译文：这样的行为被认为“完全是人类独有的特点”，其潜在的含义是其它动物没有这种敏锐的委屈感。
省略
省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句。其特点是：虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。省略形式多样，从单词、短语到分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系，不容臆断。省略一般出现在翻译中，在翻译的时候，一定要把省略的部分翻译出来，否则会扣分的。
Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.(2002，翻译)
参考译文：如果这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方式不能也随之继续受到排斥。
从句
从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词(connective)引导。根据引导从句为主不同大概可分为：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词，所以通称名词性从句;定语从句功能相当于形容词，称为形容词性从句;而状语从句功能相当于副词，称为副词性从句。
状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句和时间状语从句。在翻译的时候，它会成为一个考点，所在在做题的时候，一定要辨清它到底是什么从句，正确地翻译出来。
例如：Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthless”species.(2010，翻译)
分析：本题中含有两个并列的同位语从句，that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on“worthless”species.两个that的内容是对前面的evidence进行补充说明或解释。
篇5：考研英语翻译试题的解答技巧
考研英语翻译试题的解答技巧
本文将针对考研英语试题翻译部分的某些具体问题提出具体的应对之策。
一、简要介绍
翻译部分由一篇400字左右的文章组成，其中划出5个句子，要求考生在30分钟内译完。题型更改之前，每句3分，一共15分，现在每句2分，一共10分。
二、有无必要通读全文？
完全没有必要。只有在以下两种情况下，才需要回头看看前文：1.出现it, he, they等代词时，需要回读前文以确定它们所指代的人或物；2.出现某个单词有歧义，可作多种理解时。
三、如何做好翻译？
翻译有三个步骤：正确理解原文；用地道的译入语表达原文；对译文进行修改润色。
百分之百正确地理解原文，是做好翻译的前提。考生在已有的英语理解基础上，应针对翻译部分着重注意以下几个方面：
1.句子中相对应的部分。请看例句：
The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. (2002:62)
这一句很明显可以分为A，B，C三个部分，A为果，B，C为两个并列的原因。明白了这一点，可以解决两个问题：1.全句大的结构可以确立为：之所以有A，部分原因是B，部分原因是C；2. B部分中explanatory items比较难以翻译，尤其是item一词，但结合C部分，可以确定explanatory items实际上就是explanations的意思，短语other kinds of进一步验证了这一点。
2.时态。英译汉时，常需借助“着、了、过”等助词和时间副词来表达原句的时态。请看例句：
There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, ...(2001:71)
翻译本句，需添加“届时”一词来表达原文的将来时态。再请看：
But even more..., for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. (1998:71)
本句官方给出的参考译文是：因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。我认为，这个译文翻译的实际上是“for what they saw”而不是“for what they were seeing”，换言之，它不足以表达一般过去时和过去进行时的区别。
再请看：
...and digital age will have arrived. (2001:72)
有考生将其翻译成“数字时代将会来到”，体现的是一般将来时而不是将来完成时。
3.词的单复数，大小写等细节问题。请看例句：
Whether the Government should... (1994:75)
官方给出的参考译文将the Government简单译成“政府”，不确切。定冠词the以及government首字母大写这两点明显表明此处的government是特指。本句前一句为“Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute”，可以确定，the Government指的是“(美国)联邦政府”。
再请看：
Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (1994:71)
此处insights能否做“洞察力”讲？如果能，“洞察力”有复数吗？如果不能，它又当做何解释？
顺便说一句，not so much...as...引导的两部分是对应的，因此可以确定，此处的'through与后面的because of同义。
注意词的单复数还有一个实际用途，就是可以比较快地确定代词所指为何。请看例句：
But even more important, it was the farthest..(1998:71)
根据现在的评分标准，it不能简单地译为“它”，而应回读前文，找出它具体所指为何。在完成这一任务时，考生只应看前面的单数名词而忽视一切复数名词。
英语还有一些特殊的表达方式，如将两个同义词用and相连，强调表达一个意思，还有尽可能避免重复，这些都是考生应该注意的。限于篇幅，在此恕不赘述。
正确理解原文后，接下来就是翻译。翻译时，考生应着重注意处理好句子结构以及句序。翻译部分的句子，大多为复合句，汉语中没有从句，因此，正确处理句子结构以及句序，实际上就是正确处理从句。请看下表：
定语从句状语从句宾语从句主语从句同位语从句表语从句简单句并列句
231896321110
以上是我对1993-2002十年真题的统计，可以看出掌握好定语从句和状语从句的翻译至关重要。
修饰润色这一工作，针对考研，只需看看有无明显的漏译错译即可。
四、翻译技巧
应付考研翻译，比较常用的翻译技巧是添减词和词性转换。
五、人名地名怎么译？碰到不认识的词怎么办？
不常见的人名地名可以保留原文。
万一有不认识的词，最好忽略不译，切忌胡乱翻译，因为一个错译远比一个漏译扎眼。
篇6：英语翻译资格考试试题
历年翻译资格考试真题：三级笔译
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉)(50 points)
The Money Ran Out; Then the Villagers Stepped In
HIGUERA DE LA SERENA, Spain — It didn’t take long for Manuel García Murillo, a bricklayer who took over as mayor here last June, to realize that his town was in trouble. It was 800,000 euros, a little more than $1 million, in the red. There was no cash on hand to pay for anything — and there was work that needed to be done.
But then an amazing thing happened, he said. Just as the health department was about to close down the day care center because it didn’t have a proper kitchen, Bernardo Benítez, a construction worker, offered to put up the walls and the tiles free. Then, Maria José Carmona, an adult education teacher, stepped in to clean the place up.
And somehow, the volunteers just kept coming. Every Sunday now, the residents of this town in southwest Spain — young and old — do what needs to be done, whether it is cleaning the streets, raking the leaves, unclogging culverts or planting trees in the park.
“It was an initiative from them,” said Mr. García. “Day to day we talked to people and we told them there was no money. Of course, they could see it. The grass in between the sidewalks was up to my thigh. “
Higuera de la Serena is in many ways a microcosm of Spain’s troubles. Just as Spain’s national and regional governments are struggling with the collapse of the construction industry, overspending on huge capital projects and a pileup of unpaid bills, the same problems afflict many of its small towns.
But what has brought Higuera de la Serena a measure of fame in Spain is that the residents have stepped up where their government has failed. Mr. García says his phone rings regularly from other town officials who want to know how to do the same thing. He is serving without paay, as are the town’s two other elected officials. They are also forgoing the cars and phones that usually come with the job.
““We lived beyond our means,” Mr. García said. “We invested in public works that weren’t sensible. We are in technical bankruptcy.” Even some money from the European Union that was supposed to be used for routine operating expenses and last until 2013 has already been spent, he said.
Higuera de la Serena, a cluster of about 900 houses surrounded by farmland, and traditionally dependent on pig farming and olives, got swept up in the giddy days of the construction boom. It built a cultural center and invested in a small nursing home. But the projects were plagued by delays and cost overruns.
The cultural center still has no bathrooms. The nursing home, a whitewashed building sits on the edge of town, still unopened. Together, they account for some $470,000 of debt owed to the bank. But the rest of the debt is mostly the unpaid bills of a town that was not keeping up with its expenses. It owes for medical supplies, for diesel fuel, for road repair, for electrical work, for musicians who played during holidays.
Higuera de la Serena is not completely without workers. It still has a half-time librarian, two half-time street cleaners, someone part-time for the sports complex, a secretary and an administrator, all of whom are paid through various financing streams apart from the town. But the town once had a work force twice the size. And when someone is ill, volunteers have to step in or the gym and sports complex — open four hours a day — must close.
Section2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英)(50 points)
10年来，中国经济持续快速发展，经济实力、综合国力、人民生活水平迈上新的.台阶，国家面貌发生举世瞩目的历史性变化，为促进亚洲和世界经济增长作出了重要贡献。
中国虽然取得了举世瞩目的发展成就，但仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家，经济社会发展面临巨大的人口、资源、环境压力，发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续问题依然突出。
，中国开始实施国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要，提出了今后5年中国经济社会发展的总体任务。
未来5年，中国将着力实施扩大内需特别是消费需求的战略，建立长效机制，释放消费潜力，着力促进经济增长向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变。
中国将着力实施“走出去”战略，引导各类所有制企业有序到境外投资，积极开展有利于改善当地基础设施和人民生活的项目合作。中国将着力参与全球经济治理和区域合作，推动国际经济金融体系改革，推动建立均衡、普惠、共赢的多边贸易体制，反对
篇7：英语翻译考研科目
学硕考研：
1、英语专业初试的.4门课程中，只有政治一门是国家统一命题，其他3门都是个招生单位自己出题。
2、第二外语是报考学校出题，法语或者日语或者德语或者俄语任选一门。
3、专业课两门中，一门一般为基础英语或者综合英语，只是名称不同而已，考核范围和题型大体类似。
4、而另一门专业课视报考学校和专业方向不同，考的科目也不同，国家没有统一出题，都是各个招生单位自己出题。
翻译硕士：
1、翻译硕士英语(100分)，该科目考查考生是否符合MTI学习要求的英语水平，难度为专业八级。试题形式分为完形填空、改错、句子重述、文本缩写、命题作文五个部分。
2、英语翻译基础(150分)，该科目主要考查考生的英汉互译实践能力是否达到进入MIT学习阶段的水平，具体考查双语基本功以及双语转换的基本技能。
3、汉语写作与百科知识(150分)，该科目主要考查考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的汉语水平。百科知识部分考查考生对中外文化，国内国际政治、经济、法律以及中外人文、历史、地理等方面知识的掌握。
篇8：考研英语翻译解题技巧
一、掌握语法，做到对原句精确的拆分
语法体系不完善的同学应该牢记并不断用真题巩固原句拆分的六个黄金分割标志点，能够快速、准确定位连词、引导词、介词、分词、单词to和重要意群标点符号以在最短时间内完成长句意群解拆并明确句子主干。理清句子结构层次就显得至关重要。在翻译句子之前，先通读全句，注意一边读一边拆分句子的语法结构。
例1：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and
their endeavors in the same reasoned， orderly， systematic， and dispassioned manner that
natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.(2003考研翻译真题)
拆分句子：
(1)句子的主干是：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry;
(2)定语从句：which后面是一个定语从句，其先行词是social science;
(3)方式状语：in the same reasoned， orderly， systematic， and dispassioned manner是方式状语。其中的reasoned， orderly， systematic， and dispassioned是并列定语，修饰manner;
(4)定语从句：that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena是定语从句，其先行词是manner;
(5)拆分后句子的总结构是：
Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry(主干) which seeks to study humans and their endeavors(定语从句) in the same reasoned， orderly， systematic， and dispassioned manner(方式状语) that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.(定语从句)
二、多义词、熟词等高频词的词义选择
在的考试当中，重点词汇和重点词组都有复现现象，这使得词汇和常用词组在翻译过程当中得分点更加集中，风险更大，如果核心单词掌握出现漏洞，可能出现在一篇文章中同一个知识点反复丢分的想象。另外，提醒的考生们需要在考试前熟练把握词缀分析、上下文提示、中文习惯搭配、同近词义替换四大选词原则，并能够在遇到生词时能够多元化思维综合应用上述技巧。在试卷中，大部分的翻译错误都是起因于考生的理解错误、没有正确的理解，考生传达的就不是原文的意思，这样就可能扭曲原文的意思，造成严重的扣分现象，甚至会不得分。
三、意群的整体翻译，踩准语法得分点
最为主要的依然是定语和定语从句，以及定语从句中限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的位置处理、分词和介词短语作后置定语的翻译、状语的翻译定位和顺序、名词性从句(主、宾、表)的翻译为重中之重!20考试中的第三句出现了较大规模的语序和句式的调整，对考生在处理中文长句中的句式架构的驾驭能力提出了高级要求，同学们可以在阅读部分对于长难句多加注意并尝试在中文语境内根据翻译技巧理论尝试翻译，并反复修改以锻炼流畅构建中文长难句的能力。被动语态和虚拟语气的翻译为关键得分点，需要将真题的相应部分完全吃透。同时，能够正确处理否定结构、并列结构的译文句式选择，一定做到做题的时候每走一步心中都有相应技巧作为理论支持。
四、润色，调整，成文
这步要求大家将直译过来的汉语意群再加工，选用的词汇要准确，句子结构要符合我们的表达习惯。在准确理解画线部分英语句子的含义后，如何用通顺的汉语将其表达出来是关键。表达是理解的结果，是把已经理解了的原作内容选择适当的译文重新表达出来。由于两种语言存在着语言，语法以及表达方式上的差异，所以在翻译的时候必须做相应的调整和改变，使我们的读者阅读译文时感到自然流畅。
英语翻译的备考不能只停留在“看”的层面上，要扎扎实实的“做”翻译，提高动手、动笔的能力，那样才能切实的提高翻译水平。翻译是一门艺术，一门永无止境的艺术，有人把翻译说成戴着手铐脚镣在跳舞，不管什么类型的翻译，我们都需要完成两个最基本的任务，即理解与表达。
篇9：考研英语翻译习题精选
Relativity theory has had a profound influence on our picture of matter by forcing us to modify our concept of a particle in an essential way. (47)In classical physics, the mass of an object had always been associated with an indestructible material substance, with some “stuff” of which all things were thought to be made. Relativity theory showed that mass has nothing to do with any substance, but is a form energy. Energy, however, is a dynamic quantity associated with activity, or with processes.(48)The fact that the mass of a particle is equivalent to a certain of energy means that the particle can no longer be seen as a static object, but has to be conceived as a dynamic pattern, a process involving the energy which manifest itself as the particle’s mass.
(49)This new view of particles was initiated by Dirac when he formulated a relativistic equation describing the behavior of electrons. Dirac’s theory was not only extremely successful in accounting for the fine details of atomic structure, but also revealed a fundamental symmetry between matter and anti-matter. It predicted the existence of an anti-matter with the same mass as the electron but with an opposite charge. This positively charged particle, now called the positron, was indeed discovered two years after Dirac had predicted it. The symmetry between matter and anti-matter implies that for every particle there exists an antiparticles with equal mass and opposite charge. Pairs of particles and antiparticles can be created if enough energy is available and can be made to turn into pure energy in the reverse process of destruction.(50)These processes of particle creation and destruction had been predicted from Dirac’s theory before they were actually discovered in nature, and since then they have been observed millions of times.
The creation of material particles from pure energy is certainly the most spectacular effect of relativity theory, and it can only be understood in terms of the view of particles outlined above.(51)Before relativistic particle physics, the constituents of matter had always been considered as being either elementary units which were indestructible and unchangeable, or as composite objects which could be broken up into their constituent parts; and the basic question was whether one could divide matter again and again, or whether one would finally arrive at some smallest indivisible units.
答案
47.在古典物理中，某一物体的质量总是与一种不可毁灭的物质相关联。这是一种构成一切物质的“东西”。
48.某一粒子的质量相当于一定的能量，这一事实意味着该粒子不再被看作是一个静态的物体，而应该被看成是一种动态的形式，一种与能量表现为粒子质量相关的过程。
49.这一新的粒子观是由迪拉克首创的，他列出了描述电子运动行为的相对论方程。
50.粒子生成和毁灭的过程在真正被发现之前，迪拉克的理论已经对它们作出了预测，从那时起人们对此做过数百万次的观测。
51.在相对论粒子物理学诞生之前，人们一直以为物质的构成成分要么是不可毁灭和不可改变的基本单位，要么是可以分解为其构成部分的合成物。
总体分析
本文是一篇关于粒子物理理论的文章。
第一段：指出相对论改变了我们的粒子概念，从而影响了我们对物质的理解。
第二段：指出这一粒子观点是由迪拉克首创的，他的理论揭示了物质和反物质的基本对称。该理论已经得到了证实。
第三段：纯能量创造物质粒子是相对论最惊人的影响。相对论观点的粒子物理学改变了人们对于物质的看法和理解。
本文是一篇科普性说明文，属于正式文体。考生首要的任务是清楚地分析句子结构，并结合自己的物理常识准确把握生疏词汇，在此基础上完成翻译。本题考核的知识点：(一)被动语态。(二)定语，包括定语从句，分词作定语。(三)状语从句。
试题精解
47.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：被动语态、定语从句的译法。
该句的句子主干是：the mass ... had always been associated with an indestructible material substance，其中完成时的被动语态had been associated with，可译成“总是与...相关联”。with some “stuff” of which引导的定语从句修饰indestructible material substance，翻译的时候应该按照汉语习惯，将定语前置，放到所修饰的名词前面。可直译为“所有物质被认为是由这种物质构成的”，或意译为“这是构成一切物质的东西”。考生应该注意of 与be made是词组be made of被分隔了的形式，译成“由...构成的”。
词汇：classical“经典的，古典的”，在该句中取其第二种含义，译成“古典物理”。
48.[精解] 本题考核知识点：同位语、宾语从句、定语从句、现在分词作定语的译法。
该句的句子主干是The fact means that...，fact后是that 引导的同位语从句，同位语从句的翻译和定语从句翻译有很多相似之处，如果句子较长，可单独成句，并用“这一事实...”将从句和主语连接在一起，that可以省略不译。Means后是that引导的宾语从句，其中有两个并列的谓语：can no longer be seen as和has to be conceived as，译为“不能再被看成...，而应该被看成...”。a process 是宾语补足语a dynamic pattern的同位语，可以译成并列结构。Involving...部分是现在分词作定语，修饰a process，按照汉语习惯译成“与……有关的过程”。Which...mass是定语从句，修饰the energy，可译成“表现为粒子质量的能量。”
词汇：be equivalent to“等同于，相当于”。 Be conceived as“被看成，被认为”。Dynamic“动力的，动态的”。
49.[精解] 本题考核知识点：被动语态、状语从句、现在分词作定语的译法。
该句的句子主干是被动语态结构This new view of particles was initiated by Dirac，在翻译被动语态时，通常按照汉语习惯转换成主动语态，但是有时候为了突出施动者，也可译成“由...所做的”。该句中为了突出initiated这一动作是由Dirac发出，应译成“这一观点是由...首创的”。When 引导时间状语从句，可译成“当...的时候”，或者为了突出正在发生的事件，译成“那时候...”。describing ... electrons部分是现在分词作定语，修饰relativistic equation，应该按照汉语习惯译成“描述电子运动行为的相对论方程”。
词汇：initiated“开始，发起”，句中译为“首创”。Formulated“用公式表达，明确地表达“。relativistic equation“相对论方程”。
50.[精解] 本体考核知识点：状语从句、被动语态的译法。
该句由两个并列的分句构成：These processes had been predicted和since then they have been observed。前一分句中of particle creation and destruction部分是介词短语作定语，修饰主语processes，应译为“粒子生成和毁灭的过程”。Before...in nature部分为时间状语，翻译时，可按照汉语习惯前置，译成“在...之前”。后一分句中的时间状语since then可译成“在..之后”或“从那时”。此外翻译被动语态结构had been predicted from Dirac’s theory时，为了突出施动者，可以按照汉语习惯，译为主动结构。
词汇：creation and destruction“生成和毁灭”。predict“预测，预言”，文中谈论的是科学现象，应该译为“预测”。in nature“实际上”。
51.[精解] 本题考核知识点：完成时的被动语态、状语从句、定语从句、either...or结构的译法。
该句的句子主干是：the constituents of matter had always been considered as either...or....。完成时的被动语态had always been considered，可按照汉语习惯译成主动语态，即“人们一直以为”。状语before...可直接翻译，在句中位置不变。Either...or...句型应该译成“或者...或者...”，也可以译成“要么...要么...”。本句中两个as...部分均为宾语补足语，与consider一起译成“看成是...”。两个which引导定语从句，修饰两个宾语补足语，翻译时采用前置法将定语提前。
词汇：relativistic particle physics“相对粒子物理学”，constituents of matter“物质构成成分”， composite objects“合成物”。
全文翻译
相对论迫使我们从本质上改变了粒子概念，从而深深地影响了我们对物质的理解。在古典物理中，某一物体的质量总是与一种不可毁灭的物质相关联。这是一种构成一切物质的“东西”。相对论表明，质量与任何物质都毫无关系，它只是一种能量形式。而能量则是与运动或过程联系在一起的动态的量。某一粒子的质量相当于一定的能量，这一事实意味着该粒子不能再被看作是一个静态的物体，而应该被看成是一种动态的形式，一种与能量表现为粒子质量相关的过程。
这一新的粒子观是由迪拉克首创的，他列出了描述电子运动行为的相对论方程。迪拉克理论的极大成功不仅是因为证明了原子结构的微细节，还因为它揭示了物质与反物质的基本对称。这一理论预测了反物质的存在，反物质与电子质量相同，电荷相反。迪拉克做出预测两年后，就有人真正发现这种释放正电的粒子，也就是现在的正电子。物质和反物质的对称显示了每个粒子都存在着一个质量相同但电荷相反的反粒子。如果有足够的能量，就能创造出粒子和反粒子的粒子对，并在其逆向破坏的过程中转化成纯能量。粒子生成和毁灭的过程在真正被发现之前，迪拉克的理论已经对它们作出了预测，从那时起人们对此做过数百万次的观测。
纯能量创造物质粒子无疑是相对论产生的最惊人的影响，也只有通过上述粒子观才能理解。在相对粒子物理学诞生之前，人们一直以为物质的构成成分要么是不可毁灭和改变的基本单位，要么是可以分解为其构成部分的合成物。基本的问题是：人们是否可以一次又一次地分裂物质，或者说人们是否可以最终达到一些最小的不可分割的单位。
篇10：考研英语翻译常用多义词
单词 熟义 生义
accomplished a.已完成的,实现的. a.熟练精通的
account n.账户 n.报告，陈述
acknowledge v.(不情愿地)承认 v.致谢
answer v.回答 v.负责answer for
approach v.靠近,接近v.开始,着手(工作,任务)
(approach their work .开始他们的工作)
artificial a.人工的,人造的 a.不自然的，不真实的
assume a.假定,臆测 a.采取,担任
(assume many roles 担任许多角色)
attribute v.把----归于(to) v.认为是。。。所为 n.品质,属性,特征
balance n.平衡 n.差额,余款,结余
beam n.横梁，光束 v. 发光，微笑
（来源：考研教育网）
（中国大学网考研 ）篇11：考研英语翻译: 比较结构
2013考研英语翻译: 比较结构
1 Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.2 Yet their present development is wholly different, not so much because of different people even, but because of the different thoughts that exist in the minds of their inhabitants.
3 If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.
4 But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.
5 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
6 While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
7 Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.
8 It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other is on the microscope.
9 There is probably no better way for a foreigner (or an Englishman) to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare uses it.
10 These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than exist in traditional media.
考研英语翻译考前试题（共11篇）
